Arizona (United States (A Buddy Book))

Arizona The United States

Julie Murray

Arizona

A Buddy Book by Julie Murray

VISIT US AT www.abdopub.com Published by ABDO Publishing Company, 4940 Viking Drive, Edina, Minnesota 55435. Copyright © 2006 by Abdo Consulting Group, Inc. International copyrights reserved in all countries. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Buddy Books™ is a trademark and logo of ABDO Publishing Company. Printed in the United States. Edited by: Sarah Tieck Contributing Editor: Michael P. Goecke Graphic Design: Deb Coldiron, Maria Hosley Image Research: Sarah Tieck Photographs: clipart.com, Corbis, EyeWire, Library of Congress, One Mile Up, Photos.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Murray, Julie, 1969Arizona / Julie Murray. p. cm. — (The United States) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59197-662-6 1. Arizona—Juvenile literature. I. Title. F811.3.M87 2005 979.1—dc22 2004041083

Table of Contents A Snapshot Of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Where Is Arizona? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Fun Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Cities And The Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Famous Citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 The Grand Canyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 The Painted Desert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Saguaro Cactus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 A History Of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 A State Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Important Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

A Snapshot Of Arizona Arizona became an official state on February 14, 1912. It is the 48th state. There are 50 states in the United States.

The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long.

4

Every state is different. Every state has an official state nickname. Arizona is known as “the Grand Canyon State.” This is because the Grand Canyon is located in northwestern Arizona. It is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

5

Arizona has 114,007 square miles (295,277 sq km) of land. Only five states are bigger. There are 5,130,632 people who live in Arizona. The state ranks 20th in population size.

Many people live in the cities of Arizona.

6

Where Is Arizona? There are four parts of the United States. Each part is called a region. Each region is in a different area of the country. The United States Census Bureau says the four regions are the Northeast, the South, the Midwest, and the West. The state of Arizona is located in the West region of the United States. The weather in most of Arizona is warm and dry. This is because much of southern Arizona is desert. Arizona also has mountains and forests. 7

NORTH

Four Regions of the United States of America

ALASKA

MAINE VERMONT

WASHINGTON

MONTANA

NORTH DAKOTA

OREGON

NEW YORK

MINNESOTA WISCONSIN SOUTH DAKOTA

IDAHO

NEW HAMPSHIRE MASSACHUSETTS

RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT

MICHIGAN

WYOMING

PENNSYLVANIA DELAWARE

OHIO ILLINOIS

Washington D.C.

INDIANA WEST VIRGINIA

UTAH COLORADO KANSAS

CALIFORNIA

MARYLAND VIRGINIA

MISSOURI KENTUCKY NORTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE

OKLAHOMA ARIZONA

SOUTH CAROLINA

ARKANSAS

NEW MEXICO MISSISSIPPI

GEORGIA ALABAMA

TEXAS LOUISIANA

FLORIDA

HAWAII

West

Midwest

South

SOUTH

8

Northeast

EAST

WEST

NEW JERSEY IOWA NEBRASKA

NEVADA

Arizona is bordered by the country of Mexico to the south, and the states of California and Nevada to the west. Arizona touches three other states at its northeast corner. These states are Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. This area is called the “Four Corners.” NORTH

SOUTH DAKOTA

IDAHO

WYOMING

NEBRASKA

NEVADA UTAH COLORADO

KANSAS

Four Corners

Pacific Ocean

ARIZONA

Arizona is bordered by five states and Mexico.

EAST

WEST

CALIFORNIA

NEW MEXICO

TEXAS MEXICO

SOUTH

9

Fun Facts

Arizona State abbreviation: AZ State nickname: The Grand Canyon State State capital: Phoenix State motto: Ditat deus (Latin for “God enriches”) Statehood: February 14, 1912, 48th state Population: 5,130,632, ranks 20th

State flag: Adopted in 1917

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Land area: 114,007 square miles (295,277 sq km), ranks 6th State tree: Paloverde State song: “Arizona March Song” State government: Three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial Average July temperature: 80°F (27°C) Average January temperature: 41°F (5°C) State flower: Saguaro Cactus Blossom

State bird: Cactus Wren State animal: Ringtail

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Cities And The Capital

Phoenix is the largest city in Arizona. It is also the sixth-largest city in the United States. It is Arizona’s capital. Phoenix is located in southern Arizona. The city of Phoenix is named for a bird in myths.

The phoenix is a bird. It is in many old stories.

12

A view of Phoenix.

13

A view of Tucson.

Tucson is the second-largest city in Arizona. More than 480,000 people live in this city in southern Arizona. Many people like to visit Tucson because it is warm and sunny. It is in a large desert surrounded by mountains. In 1692, Eusebio Francisco Kino opened the San Xavier del Bac Mission near Tucson. 14

The outside (top) and inside (bottom) of the San Xavier del Bac Mission.

15

Famous Citizens Sandra Day O’Connor (1930–) Sandra Day O’Connor was born in El Paso, Texas. But, she was an important citizen of Arizona. She was a state senator and a judge there. But, she is famous for being the first woman on the United States Supreme Court. President Ronald Reagan appointed her in 1981. As a Supreme Court judge, Sandra Day O’Connor helps make important decisions. 16

Sandra Day O’Connor

Famous Citizens Geronimo (1829–1909) Geronimo was a Chiricahua Apache. He lived in Arizona. He was known as a warrior. He led a fight against the United States. He was fighting to help the Native Americans in the southwestern United States. The United States government was making the Native Americans live in certain areas. But, the Native Americans wanted to choose where they would live.

Geronimo

17

The Grand Canyon

Most of the land in northern Arizona is made up of plateaus and canyons. The Grand Canyon is in this part of Arizona. It is 277 miles (446 km) long. In some places, the canyon is 18 miles (29 km) wide. The Grand Canyon is about one mile (1.6 km) deep.

18

The Grand Canyon

19

Grand Canyon National Park was created in 1919. Today, almost 5 million people visit the Grand Canyon each year. They learn about the history and the landscape. It has many activities for people of all ages. People hike, bike, camp, and look at the canyon.

20

Many people visit the Grand Canyon.

21

The Painted Desert

The Painted Desert

The Painted Desert is part of a plateau region along the Little Colorado River. It is almost 200 miles (320 km) long. 22

The land in the Painted Desert is shaped by wind and rain.

23

Spanish explorers named the Painted Desert. They named it for the rocks that are colored blue, red, purple, and yellow. Heat and light make the colors look different.

There are many colors in the Painted Desert.

24

Saguaro Cactus The Saguaro cactus is the largest cactus in the United States. It is sometimes called “the giant cactus.” This type of cactus only grows in parts of California, Mexico, and Arizona. In Arizona, it is found in deserts and hills. It is found in the Sonora Desert. The Saguaro cactus blossom is the state flower of Arizona.

The Saguaro cactus blossom

25

The Saguaro cactus grows in the desert.

Saguaros can grow to be 60 feet (18 m) tall. Some weigh ten tons (nine t). The trunk of a Saguaro can be almost three feet (one m) wide. The Saguaro stores water in this trunk. 26

The Saguaro cactus grows to be very tall.

27

A History Of

Arizona 1539: Marcos de Niza comes to Arizona. He was a priest. 1540: Francisco Coronado comes from Spain to explore Arizona. 1821: Arizona becomes part of Mexico. 1846: The United States goes to war with Mexico. 1848: Mexico gives Arizona to the United States. This happens after the Mexican–American War ends. 1889: Phoenix becomes the capital of Arizona. 1912: Arizona becomes the 48th state on February 14.

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1930: Clyde W. Tombaugh discovers Pluto. He was searching from the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff. 1936: The Hoover Dam is finished.

The Hoover Dam

1981: Sandra Day O’Connor is the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court. She was a judge in Arizona.

1988: The St. Louis Cardinals football team moves to Arizona and becomes the Arizona Cardinals. 1994: Grand Canyon celebrates 75 years as a national park.

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A State Map

Cities in Arizona

Flagstaff

Phoenix

Tucson

30

Important Words appoint to choose someone to do a job. canyon a long, narrow valley between two cliffs. capital a city where government leaders meet. nickname a name that describes something special about a person or a place. plateau a flat-topped mountain.

Web Sites To learn more about Arizona, visit ABDO Publishing Company on the World Wide Web. Web site links about Arizona are featured on our Book Links page. These links are routinely monitored and updated to provide the most current information available.

www.abdopub.com

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Index Arizona Cardinals ........................ 29 California ................................. 9, 25 Colorado......................................... 9 Colorado River ............................. 22 Coronado, Francisco ....................28 De Niza, Marcos .......................... 28 deserts ....................... 7, 14, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 Flagstaff................................. 29, 30 forests ............................................. 7 Four Corners................................... 9 Geronimo .......................................17 Grand Canyon .................... 4, 5, 10, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29 Grand Canyon National Park...... 20 Hoover Dam................................. 29 Kino, Eusebio Francisco ............... 14 Little Colorado River..................... 22 Mexico .............................. 9, 25, 28 Midwest ..................................... 7, 8 mountains ................................ 7, 14 Native Americans ......................... 17 Nevada ........................................... 9 New Mexico ................................... 9

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nickname.................................. 5, 10 Niza, Marcos de .......................... 28 Northeast .................................. 7, 8, O’Connor, Sandra Day .......... 16, 29 Painted Desert ................22, 23, 24 Phoenix................ 10, 12, 13, 28, 30 plateaus ................................. 18, 22 Pluto ............................................. 29 Reagan, Ronald............................ 16 Saguaro cactus ......... 11, 25, 26, 27 San Xavier del Bac Mission ............................. 14, 15 Sonora Desert ...............................25 South .......................................... 7, 8 Spain ............................................ 28 Texas............................................. 16 Tombaugh, Clyde W.................... 29 Tucson.............................. 14, 15, 30 United States Census Bureau ....... 7 United States Supreme Court ................ 16, 29 Utah ................................................ 9 West...................................... 7, 8, 17