A monograph of the Ithomiidae (Lepidoptera) Part II - The tribe Melinaeini

A Monograph of the Ithomiidae (Lepidoptera). Part II. The Tribe Melinaeini Clark Author(s): Richard M. Fox Source: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-), Vol. 86, No. 2 (Jun., 1960), pp. 109-171 Published by: American Entomological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25077800 Accessed: 21/11/2009 01:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aes. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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A MONOGRAPH

OF THE

ITHOMIIDAE

(LEPIDOPTERA) II

PART

THE TRIBE MELINAEINI BY Associate

Museum,

Tribe Clark,

Section

Curator,

Carnegie

Melinaeini

RICHARD

1948,

p. 80.

FOX

M.

of Insects

Melinaeini 1956,

and

Spiders,

Pennsylvania

Pittsburgh,

Fox,

CLARK

Clark p.

22.

The tribe Melinaeini, the single genus Melinaea, containing was defined in part I (1956) of this monograph as having the male foreleg with the femur and tibia both shorter than the coxa, the tarsus inarticulate and fused on the tibia, five fore tarsal joints in the female and in the male genitalia large ovoid armed The genus is easily recognized, appendices angulares. however, For practical it is not necessary to by the venation. purposes The hind wing cell has a character features. 2d forming nearly a right angle, both arms of the same length; a rather long Mr arises from this angle and reaches back well into the discal cell ;Sc always is free from the base on out and never is fused with R in either sex.

study microscopic istic shape with which are about

The

hair patch of the males is divided so that the proximal patch is small and pencil-like, the distal patch much the larger. Attention should be drawn to the very close similarity between some of the species in Melinaea and species belonging in other the venation Unless it is easy to confuse is verified genera. or with Heliconius. with Mechanitis Melinaea As a rule, similar are and Oleria species inHypothyris, Hyposcada, enough smaller than Melinaea that less difficulty is encountered. This mimetic has been discussed at length in a number of studies, phenomenon Haase among which should be mentioned (1893), Kaye (1907), Moulton and Punnett to Melinaea. (1909) (1915) as pertinent The last word has not been written on mimicry, I am sure. The theories

of Batesian

were and Miillerian enunciated mimicry and be well reconsidered in the light of many years ago might the more recent and very considerable advances made in such fields as genetics, insect physiology and pathology. ecology, (109) TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

110

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

Genus MELINAEA Melinaea

H?bner

1816

Melinaea p. 11. Type: (1816-1826), egina Cramer, 1875. of Scudder, 1847 p. 56. by designation (1846-1852), Doubleday, Bates, 1862, p. 549. Kirby, 1871, p. 33. 1875, p. 215. Weymer, Scudder, and Salvin, 1879 (1879 1875, p. 377. Burmeister, 1878, p. 123. Godman 1885 1886 p. 12. pp. 61, 71. 1901), (1884-1888), Staudinger, Schatz, H?bner,

325,

327,

Stichel, 178,

p.

1901,

d'Almeida,

1923, 192,

182,

10.

pp. 87, 88, pi. 552. Thieme,

(1885-1892), pp.

1937, pp.

(17). p. 233.

193-194, 470-482.

Haase, 1899,

Haensch, Kremky, 198-199.

pp.

1893,

p.

(12). 122.

p.

1909,

pp.

1925,

144,

147,

1896,

Reuter, 1899,

p.

135.

154,

158,

p.

(4).

1915,

149,

pp. 23-36; 311. Fox,

153,

(16).

p.

1937,

1940, pp. 165, 170, 174, 178, pi. 7, fig. 34. Forbes, 1941, pp. 1-4; 1942, pp. 26-28. Fox, 1942, pp. 1-3. 1942, p. 189. d'Almeida, 1943, p. 397. Fox, d'Almeida, 1945, pp. 1-2. 1945, pp. 12-13. Fox, Forbes, 1948, pp. 1-24. d'Almeida, 1951, pp. 18-27. 1953, pp. 26-28. Fox, 1956, pp. 9, 22. Bryk, Czakia 194. Type: Kremky, 1925, pp. 147, 149, 153, 158, 176-177, 192-193, Bryk,

mediatix

Czakia d'Almeida, p. 181. Mechanitis

1940, (part),

Doubleday, 1816

Heliconia

(part), Latreille, 221. Doubleday, (part),

H?bner,

Cramer,

309,

by monotypy. (Weymer), 758-759. 1940, Fox,

(part)

Papilio

1940,

pp.

Eueides

216,

Forbes,

pp.

53.

Punnett,

1927,

Forbes,

51,

Haensch,

1847

1779

(1846-1852), (1775-1791),

Bryk, 178.

p.

(1846-1852),

p. (1816-1826), 1819 (In Latreille

1847

p.

1937,

pp.

482-483.

d'Almeida,

1942,

130.

11. and

Godart,

1819-1823),

pp.

p. 104. p. 144.

to the head. The palpus (fig. 1) is carried closely appressed The first joint is long and lightly curved, the second joint a fifth re the third joint is strongly longer and also lightly curved; a as minute knob the end the at middle of joint. duced, present The male foreleg (figs. 2, 3, 4, 5) has the femur plus trochanter shorter than the coxa; the tibia always is shorter than always in the femur. Within the genus there is a great deal of variation is individual rather than the degree of reduction, much of which a a of the species. while Once in characteristic specimen will In M. menophilus be found having the forelegs asymmetric. or estes (fig. 2) the tibia and tarsus are as fully developed as may be found in the genus, with the tarsus articulate although reduced to a short joint. In M. egina (fig. 5) reduction is carried to an com extreme with the articulation between tibia and tarsus lost, the two joints being fused into a single unit only pletely two-thirds the length of the femur. Most fall between these extremes as illustrated by M. or M. I. messatis (fig. 3) (fig. 4).

about

specimens will m. menophilus

RICHARD

M.

111

FOX

The female foreleg (fig. 6) has the tibia a little shorter than the length of the tibia. The the femur, the tarsus three-fifths and claws. fifth tarsal joint is evident and bears a tiny pulvillus Paired spines are present on the first three tarsal joints; the first the second, is twice the length of the other four together; are the second fourth and discoid, longer than either joints third, and lightly tapering. of the others; the fifth joint is cylindrical On the forewing just (fig. 7), R2 branches at, or more usually or wanting so that Mx the the end of cell ; Id is minute beyond, seems to branch directly from R ; 2d is deeply angled at its mid a strong Mr or with from the angle; 3d is below just it, point joint

with The cubitus is apparently three-branched, lightly sinuate. from sinuate and Cu2. Cui strongly spaced widely On the hind wing the cubitus is apparently four-branched. The humeral vein is strong, erect, and lightly forked. In males (fig. 8) Sc and R separate at the base with the humeral placed at or just at the apex and Sc runs to the margin beyond their separation, curve. of the wing in a long, sweeping In females (fig. 9) Sc and R run close together, though not coalesced, for a very short distance beyond the humeral, then Sc sweeps up and runs out to the costal margin to the apex. Id is always less than halfway but the shorter than other is present two; 2d is the generally a is and bears Re. Males have the longest, strong deeply angled hair patch divided with the basal patch small and pencil-like, the distal patch long and placed in the outer half of the cell. Male genitalia (fig. 10).?The tegumen and uncus are fused; the uncus is very slender with a terminal down-curved hook ; the The anterior side of the annulus is kneed. tegumen is hood-like. The saccus is about the same length as the tegumen plus uncus. A remarkable from the base of paired structure points posterior the tegumen-uncus, its basal two thirds wide and flat, articu lating closely with the inner face of the valve below its costal in a long, sharp tooth. This paired struc margin, terminating ture articulates with the valve so closely that it often seems to be a part of it, but dissection shows that it supports the end of the enteron from a preserved, somewhat (the drawing was made an unusual hardened and is, therefore, de specimen) possibly of the gnathos and thus would be homologous with velopment the gnathos

found

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

in Tellervo, SOC., LXXXVI.

Patricia,

and the Dircennini.

The

112

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

of male; 1?Melinaea of 1-10. Fig. egina, palpus figs. 2-5?forelegs some of reduction (2. Melinaea stages orestes, menophilus showing 4. Melinaea lilis messatis, 5. Melinaea 3. Melinaea menophilus menophilus, fore tarsus of female of ; figs. 7-9?venation ; fig. 6?Melinaea egina, egina)

Figs. males

Melinaea fig.

egina 10?Melinaea

8. hind (7. forewing, male lilis imitata,

wing

9. hind wing of male, of left valve removed.

genitalia,

female)

;

RICHARD

M.

FOX

113

with a pair of short, sharp valve itself is suboblong?usually teeth on the inner face of the costa placed toward, but not at, curved. The rather narrow the apex; the sacculus is evenly The penis is twice the length of the tegumen juxta is V-shaped. near its midpoint, and is more or is strongly up-curved uncus, to one-fifth the foramen is about one-fourth the less S-shaped; sometimes are asymmetric. A certain length of the penis. Valves is noted within almost any of the amount of individual variation the in length of the saccus or of the penis species, particularly to the tegumen-uncus. treatment of the genus in Seitz was com (1909) re a cohesive Forbes (1927) presented pletely unsatisfactory. thirteen species ; his emendation vision recognizing ( 1948) added recorded during the intervening the new names twenty years. followed Forbes' list d'Almeida (1937) arrangement. Bryk's a The of the reviewed revision in genus. part present (1951) for the genus to the date of writ cludes all the names proposed ing and divides them into eighteen species. the legs nor the male genitalia Neither appears to offer much in relation

Haensch's

In both structures help in sorting out the species in Melinaea. rather than qualitative variation is largely quantitative and the a of individual variation found within is often range species In the few where the instances in M. ethra?or great. legs?as the male genitalia?as inM. comma?are the species distinctive, involved is easily recognized without reference to these struc tures. It has been necessary, to depend on pattern therefore, an to at arrive the of this morphology analysis species; while use rather is less than the of the procedure probably objective or the legs, and is much more difficult to apply, male genitalia seem to be much more the results obtained in Melinaea satis factory than those produced Forbes (1927) first called tance of the marginal spots

in Elzunia. by the same procedure to the taxonomic attention impor in Melinaea. These are present in

eight of the species as small white dots paired between the veins, or ringed with black either set in a solid background (figs. 11, are on found both in only a few sides of the wings 12). They forms. wings, vidual

The

trend is to lose them first on the upper side of both on the under side of the forewing. In some indi of maelus the last vestiges of the purusana specimens

then

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

114

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

dots may be seen on the under side of the paired submarginal hind wing as tiny black dots connected by lines to the marginal of those species lacking the marginal dots black (fig. 13). Many toothed at the band very narrow, have the marginal frequently is found in maelus veins (fig. 14). A quite different development elements on the fore wing only have and phasiana: the marginal become enlarged tawny spots, tending to fuse into single spots between the veins (as in fig. 15). series on the fore The most posterior member of the marginal to be lack in the below anal situated Cu2 appears angle, wing, or The in Melinaea. separate tawny spot fre ing yellow, white, a of the that member is position occupying probably quently same morphologic series to which the subapical spots belong, dis placed distad. M. thera has

a complete series of pale spots in the marginal those in the apex of the forewing are the position. Certainly one the below Cu2 is the anal spot. The two subapical spots, on between and the Cu2 M3 spots forewing and the series on the hind wing might be homologized either they in one of two ways: are distally same as do to the series spots belonging displaced the subapical spots, or they are the true marginal and fused, carrying further the developmental

maelus

and

M.

phasiana.

in thera only

veloped

these

preserves

lucifer

on the forewing,

spots enlarged trend found in

lacking

as

spots

those

de

on the hind

wing.

Another element useful pattern bar is the black longitudinal at the hind In the of form its placed margin forewing. complete this bar runs from the base of the wing out to the anal angle and covers the margin below the anal vein and half of the longi cell between

tudinal

the anal

vein

and

species only the outer part of this bar proximal half or more of the anal margin Figs.

11-14.

Detail

elements marginal fig. 12?Melinaea Melinaea

pattern

elements

menophilus. hind wings and

the

of

hind

wings showing 11?Melinaea Fig. maelus fig. 13?Melinaea

variations

in

mneme

mneme; fig. 14?

and M3.

Cui

lilis messatis;

menophilus 15. Fore and

Fig. the pattern

of

between

In some cubitus-Cu2. is retained, leaving the as in In tawny, egina.

of

a non-existent

descriptive

terminology

purusana; to

Melinaea used

for

the

illustrate

them.

RICHARD

M.

115

FOX

SUBAPICAL SPOTS

MARGINALSPOTS

ANTEAPICAL FASCIA. POSTMEDIAL FASCIA DISCOCELLULAR SPOTS MEDIAL FASCIA CELL SPOTS

ANAL SPOT CUBITAL SPOT HINDMARGINALBAR

COMMA SPOT MARGINAL SPOTS

POSTMEDIAN BAND

SUBMARGINAL \j| BAND MARGINAL BAND

0$ .???m

4b.' 14 "'i

ii TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

116

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

other species only the proximal part of the bar is retained leaving the distal half or more of the hind margin tawny, as in meno the bar is character in lilis is this inconsistent; Only philus. inM. I. in others, while in some subspecies, incomplete complete are present in the series in the British Mu erica both conditions seum

(Natural History). 15 presents a generalized for the terminology explain

in order pattern for Melinaea the pattern morphology used and in description is for convenience herein. This terminology of the ele derivations to show morphologic does not attempt a subject to be explored at another or their homologies, ments, Figure

to

time.

study of this sort should try to arrange the species of the the most primitive sequence, presenting genus in an evolutional in an orderly fashion to the most ad first and thence proceeding unit or series Since the wing pattern is a morphologic vanced. in to postulate that it behaves of related units, it is reasonable A

as do other morphologic the wing Thus units. evolving much to within the be the would of genus expected pattern species evolve by the loss of elements rather than by the addition of new The most primitive elements. species must be, therefore, the one the ele most greatest number of pattern preserving completely ments.

A review of the above discussion of pattern elements suggests the description it should of the hypothetical primitive species: as small have the marginal spots on both sides of both wings white dots ; the pale anal spot of the forewing should be present ; the anteapical fascia of the forewing should be represented by a the black series of spots and not suppressed the by coloring; bar of the forewing should be complete from base to hindmarginal anal angle; the hind wing should have three distinct bands?the the submarginal, and the marginal. The two black postmedian, and dis spots of the forewing should be separated than when they tinct, this condition surely being more primitive are fused into a continuous black band. Both the comma mark and the cubital spot should be present and distinct. No one species inMelinaea the above requirements meets per

discocellular

fectly, which

is not surprising.

The

ancestral

species

surely

can

RICHARD

M.

FOX

117

not be flying today. One species comes fairly close to the speci mneme. No other species fits quite so well. Melinaea the evolutional of the spe Figure 16 summarizes relationships It is not really a chart of descent: cies. is not the phasiana " " mneme. of it is intended illustrate Rather to gen grandchild as exemplified eral structural and relationships by the pattern, the the best be inter lines species might perhaps connecting rather than lines of preted as showing relationships cousinly fications:

descent.

16 it is seen that lilis, ethra, and scylax form a and satevis are rather close and idae, egina, and were derived from the same stock. M. mnemopsis probably mar maelus that the in white differs from mneme only paired From

figure group; mneme

ginal dots have been lost or are vestigial (fig. 11). M. maeonis stands alone but must have derived from something like maelus. M. phasiana, in losing the anal spot, represents the kind of modi fication and leading to maenius, marsaeus, menophilus, methone, " " comma. M. thera and M. copy-cat lucifer are highly modified with

the

as single round elements apparent marginal present ancestor. they might have had a maelus-like the species and subspecies of following key differentiates on the basis of the criteria discussed Melinaea above. spots; The

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

EGINA

MENOPHILUS METH

5) M.NEMOPSIS

?(23

MAEQNIS MAENIU

16

MNEME

the

to

Key

and

Species

119

FOX

M.

RICHARD

of

Subspecies

a complete series of round, pale with wings the veins .(M. singly between in pairs between White spots marginal placed and least on the under side of the hind wing . 3 side and on the upper forewing

1. Both

White

3. No

linear, on yellow

spots side of

on

the

spots white the upper

on

present sometimes

frequently

2. Marginal under

Marginal weak

not

spots

marginal

border

either

white

separate

spot mark hind

present;

the

veins,

frequently side

of

placed ... 2 the

wing,

the

hind

white

on

both

side

of

sides

both

of

but

wings,

to be

tending

t. thera

hind

the

wing.M. in the anal often

angle

present

of

the

in the

forewing, anal angle

and yellow

bright

cubital club-shaped; on the disc above

spot small, triangular; the black median band. M.

Hind

margin

elongated Hind margin distal half,

of . of or

forewing 11 forewing less.(M.

entirely above egina)

...

black;

mostly 5

cubital

tawny,

spot

with

large,

black

the end of the of forewing tawny, including a small black of Cui-Cu2, spot there.M. except the end of the discal third of forewing Basal tawny, with 6 base of Cui-Cu2 ; no black spot in Cui-Cu2. yellow

5. Basal

at

present also on

or yellow the in the anal angle of the forewing, spot . 7 never there present a single yellow the forewing subapical black; entirely comma black fascia wide, ovoid; yellow postmedial

elongated wing

thera)

and on the side of both upper wings on the under side of the hind wing. t. eratosthenes M.

the

forewing,

or yellow white separate spot the white spots paired marginal . 4 on the under side

spots marginal 4. Hind of margin

spots

marginal

. 22

absent

but A

Melinaea

half

only cell

chart of the genus 16. Phylogenetic from previous evolution in structural is lost. of the hind wing band submarginal Fig.

Numerals

Melinaea.

on

and

the the

e. agricola cell and the

base

steps

ethra greatly

indicate

as follows: 1. The conditions, bar of the 2. The hindmarginal

4. The is lost. dots series of paired marginal of the The anal 5. is spot suppressed. forewing anteapical is lost. 7. A of the hind wing band is lost. 6. The postmedian forewing in the marginal is present series of single, round position, probably spots 8. The series. of the submarginal from the distad migration derived post 9. The to its apical elements. is reduced band median of the hind wing fascia

series reduced

3. The

is shortened.

forewing

of

of

the

in the marginal round spots on the forewing. in number

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

position

is lost

on

the

hind

wing

and

120

THE

a

6. Hind

with wing median spots,

series

six

of

second

the

MELINAEINI

TRIBE

(sometimes being

five) much

(sometimes

six)

(M2-M3)

black separate the largest.

e. paraiya

M. a

Hind

with wing median spots, Hind with wing fused

with

two

margin

or

8. Black or

above

the

in the

spot

the

in the

on or if tawny the entirely black, . 8 is white anal angle the distal above mostly tawny, with only

forewing 17

base

of the of Ciii-Cu2 a continuous band with

forms

as a part is incorporated is small cubital spot inner

the

side

Black

corner and

of

of

spots

9.

nor

cell never

spots

or

Postmedial

spots

or fascia

is

or

rounded

never

of Cui-Cu2,

triangular, with the

connected

areas beyond the black with incorporated on the upper to be tend side and .. M. mneme not always complete

of

the

of

the

of

band

postmedian

it

present the series

side, fascia

Postmedial

10. Black

or half of the wing; is placed well from away on the white spots strong ... 9 lilis) distal

black

round

marginal

corner

inner

spots it; marginal small on the under

above is elongated forewing in the discal the spots cell,

above.(M. present above the forewing

of

spot the filling in the discal

the

and

Cui-Cu2;

often

cubital

always

post e. manuelito

in M3-Cui and Cui-Cu2 spots postmedian to form a patch black preceded by one or e. egina spots.M.

if the under

the

being

black

separate .. M. largest

black

the

less black.

spot often

and

(M3-Cui)

separate of forewing

part, proximal Hind of margin third

third

the

five

of

the marginal

small

7. Hind

series

forewing hind wing

the

.

white

forewing

10

yellow.

11

complete

to

the

base. I. parallelis above

M. Black

band of the hind wing incomplete postmedian never side.M. Cui on the under reaching

and 11.

a with Forewing with the streak tawny nearly)

cubital

mark

and

fascia 12. Yellow

.

rarely

continuous, .

comma

completely

mark; separated

well shorter, separated cell the the touching streak; not broken 15 into spots. forewing

fascia

postmedial

the

with

always

hind

fascia

of

forewing

broken

entirely

from

comma

the

yellow

postmedial a

into

of

series

of

forewing

not

broken

into

spots

above

. margin

of

broadly to complete

forewing

strong, wing of forewing margin not band of hind wing

Hind

postmedial the rest of

yellow from

13

M2 13. Hind

I. messatis

12

of

spot

separate spots Yellow postmedial

end

almost

the light band Black

or obsolete

in the base of Cui-Cu2 continuous spot long black cell or separated from in the discal it only by the a straight band also which is fused (or forming

cubitus, at its distal in Mjr-Ms

spot

post

either reaching

black

to

the

14 base;

median

of

I. dodona

the base.M. or complete the base.M.

band

tawny;

basally I.

median erica

RICHARD

14. Upper

of hind

side

of hind

side

Upper

wing

with

121

FOX

strong

all

wing

M.

yellow

scaling band

above

tawny

above

the median

.M.

I. flavicans

the median

band. M.

15. Postmedian

fascia

yellow

of

it from

band

separating calis Hall, the

the the

much

forewing

wider

the

in aberration subapical spots; fascia is fused with the subapical

postmedian all the apex yellow.M. I. sola no wider of forewing fascia yellow it from the subapical 16 spots.

leaving Postmedian

I. imitata

than

black lateapi spots,

nearly

separating 16. Yellow markings the scaling, side nearly

black

in apical element

third

of

above

forewing

over Ms

than

the

black with

edged

on

by tawny; replaced the apical third of

the

band

tawny under

re all black markings in the wing I. ezra tawny.M. placed by coppery Yellow and black markings in the apical third of the forewing cleanly nor replaced above and below, not margined scaling. edged by tawny

M. 17. Postmedial near

fascia

of

the margin, fascia

of

so that

Postmedial

.

Ms-Cui 18. Base

of Cui-Cu2

19. Hind base

the

light

shortened,

forewing

of

forewing

almost

spot.M. scylax of forewing with

fill

not

the

from

forewing complete there is no separate

leaving

1. lilis

costa

to Ms-Cui .. 18 in M8-Cui

spot a separate

in

spot

20

black angular Base of Cui-Cu2 does

the

the

filled

completely only

a small

round

area.(M.

with

a

black

spot

satevis)

all black, small nearly leaving only near the apex; color of these ground a tawny s. ochre.M.

tawny

wing and

spots

tri

large

which ... 19

at the patches and of the fore

crameri wing Hind all tawny, with the broad borders black ; ground wing nearly only s. color a tawny mahogany.M. satevis as separate Hind and marginal with series present wing postmedial s. aurantia color a pale ochre.M. tawny bands; ground 20.

Black

discocellular

and

median A

of the forewing fused with each other, spots large, to cut off the costal black of the post Cui-Cu2 part fascia as a separated spot.M. mnemopsis in the middle of the forewing of the yellow patch comprised cell and the end of the discal part of the postmedian fascia,

with

large costal

the

half proximal lar spots standing Black of hind wing the

21.

22.

of Cui-Cu2, separated

with

the

small

round

in it.(M.

black

discocellu ...

idae)

21

the distal two thirds of Ms, including .. M.i. color idae its inner edge fading gradually into the tawny discal one third of Ms, Black of hind wing the distal narrower, only including its inner edge sharp and cleanly defined.M.i. vespertina A black-ringed No

ringed

quite

yellow

yellow

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

spot

broad,

spot in the anal angle of in the anal angle

SOC, LXXXVI.

of the the

above forewing above.30

forewing

.. 23

122

THE

23.

Anteapical

elemente

of

elements

of

24.

Anteapical Pale bar

in the

above Pale

bar

color Pale

above

bar

25.

in the

hind

the Light

26.

a series

with

dark usually of the distal

Black scales

dark

in the

forewing . 26 costa

of

reddish

color

than

distance

the

the

the

m.

postmedian

tawny; between

nal

bands

area

Ground

color

ginal

bands

orange wide,

in Cui-Cu2

separate. M. m. mayi

a band forming m. madeira

yellow,

Single

hind

and margi wing with postmedian color band between of ground them .M. m. purusana

hind

mahogany; little

in Cui-Cu2

with

wing

ground on

round

color

with

tawny

and mar postmedian between them.

ground shape

the

the black

of

which

border,

is scalloped

in over

separate the border

31. Marginal anterior widely under

light marginal black widely

spots one fused side;

the margin

spots on the forewing or scalloped in between

in M3-Cui fully with

the

Cui-Cu? on the

of upper

the

side, but both

tawny from the ...

lucifer)

between

forewing

color, tawny ground to a triangular reduced mark I. eryx a very thin line.M.

comma by

separate

and

and

the

the veins.

(M. No

m. maelus

in Cui-Cu2

forewing

spots light marginal with be partially these incorporated spots may are recognizable case their positions in which color,

Ma-Cui;

some

area

M. 30.

the

in the

light

a wide

leaving

leaving

and

spots

fascia.M.

cell and the . 29 scaling dark mahogany;

narrow,

around over

narrower fascia much tawny black discocellular spots Cu2; m. brunnea

postmedial and Cui

forewing yellow color

limited

with

margin m.

discocellular

black

Cu2;

into

of

outer

zamora

cydon for a few light solid except forewing 27 costad band of M3. as wide as the fascia tawny postmedian

of

slight Ground

the

above

color

light

light

tawny. borealis

yellowish M. m.

yellow_M. sometimes tawny,

postmedian third of the

a band.M. cell and an forewing to the postmedian connected fused

End

muddy and

m. maeonis

yellow;

clear

spots along band.M.

tawny

orange tawny; between Cui and

Ground

End

cell

discal both

of

the

color

Ground distance

29.

near

forewing band

clear

25

color

light

tawny. M.

cell

stripe

the

tawny,

yellowish

postmedian

the

postmedian fascia

scaling

veins, more

28.

of

wing

cell

discal

forewing

...

maelus)

28 clear yellow. fascia of forewing postmedian to outlines reduced third of the forewing in the apical and fascia the postmedian spots, along subapical yellow

Light Black the

27.

end

wing

postmedian

yellow

hind

the

24

maeonis)_

present_(M.

band

postmedian of

end

the

not

forewing

wing

in the

MELINAEINI

forewing present.(M. of the forewing discal

end

hind

the

TRIBE

M3

and

31

Cui,

veins.33

tawny, only the posterior on separate connected

spot

the one the to

M.

RICHARD

color from ground above, separated . 32 scales containing yellow on forewing to the and to the Yellow restricted large apical patch no yellow in the end of outer part of the postmedian present fascia; 1. cell or in Cui-Cu2.M. the discal lucifer

Marginal on both 32.

band

34.

forewing in the end

of

yellow entirely yellow; the discal cell.M.

of forewing entirely 34 the under side.

margin on present

on

least .

spot

spots

of

forewing

separated,

Discocellular

spots 40

of

forewing

fused

large

black

Hind

a

with

wing

with

only

a

little

tawny

no

fourth;

spot

vestige

no anal spot pres ... 35 .(M. maenius) a vestigial a band; or with

unfused; ent

into

color

anal

yellow

its distal

between

patch

ground

prominent I. lutzi

44

Discocellular

spot.

scaling

or a vestigial

black,

at tawny forewing on the underside

of

margin the anal

anal 35.

distinct

often

of

and

Hind

of

and

sides,

in Cui-Cu2

Hind

in M3-Cui

spots

Postmedian

33.

123

FOX

M2

and

inner margin, ... 36 at all

the

it, or none

within

the sub from band well with the postmedian separated wing or the latter wanting. 37 marginal band, some Black of hind wing tawny along only slight nearly solid, patch there of hind wing the anteriormost ; in cell Mi-M2 parts of the veins

Hind 36.

one third of the distance out about is a small spot placed triangular m. cocana line very thin.M. to the margin; black marginal veins and the postmedian Black crossed of hind wing by tawny patch series by a very narrow series separated from the submarginal tawny is a small about in Mi-Ma of hind wing spot placed triangular band; black marginal out to the margin; line two thirds of the distance m. maenius wide several millimeters .M. 37.

Forewing

with with

38.

Forewing Postmedian cellular vestigial Postmedian cellular on

ent 39.

Hind

wing

Mi-Ma

(sometimes

tawny

yellowish)

spots. M. m.

subapical

38 apex all black. no wider fascia of forewing yellow spots postmedian preceding it; black on the under side.M. fascia

yellow

spots preceding the underside. with always

Hind

wing with side, element

the

band

41.

band

submarginal band

the

postmedian in Mi-M2 and

the

submarginal

of forewing elements present anteapical not present_(M. of forewing elements Anteapical fascia of forewing Postmedian yellow.M. fascia of forewing Postmedian tawny.M. SOC, LXXXVI.

wing

tarapotensis disco the black

the small strong, band often present. M. weak

disco

hind

m.

wider much than forewing band of hind it; black postmedian 39

Tawny

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

black of

of

postmedian

present;

the

than

in

element m. the

m.

.. (M. phasiana) marsaeus) p.

pres

wing

on or vestigial series wanting. M.

40.

hicetas

the

pothete upper

juruaensis ... 41 ... manga

p. phasiana

42

124 42.

THE

wing

all

forewing

tawny, subapical with postmedian

Hind of

TRIBE

Hind

wing

tawny,

narrow

the

only

MELINAEINI

43.

44.

fascia

postmedian

black;

m. bands

clara pres 42A

separately

.

ent Hind 42A.

border

spots wanting.M. and submarginal

a

with

wing

spots Subapical Both subapical

tawny, spots

postmedian into a single

Forewing from

postmedian one another.M.

Comma

mark

mark

Comma line

wing

tawny, yellow m. rileyi

patch.M. fascia

Cui

spots

subapical m.

to

its marginal

and

running

connected near

m.

of

forewing

well

away

to

connected from

and

Cui

more

spots

subapical

yellow

yellow;

the wing_43 m. marsaeus egesta or less

separated macaria

triangle from the

.(M.

placed comma mark. 45. Hind

postmedian and postmedian

forewing or very

on placed comma mark line

most of covering fascia yellow_M. fascia yellow.M.

patch

fascia

Forewing fused

of

black

large

a black

by top

comma)

of the ... 45 a black

its marginal by triangle from the middle running

the

of

47 a separate

with

series

and

of postmedial

spots most of

black submarginal c. comma .M.

a large black covering wing with patch near a small 46 the apex. tawny patch fascia yellow.M. the postmedial with Forewing the postmedial fascia red.M. with tawny Forewing

Hind

the wing,

leaving

only

46. 47.

48.

at least a streak of with wing cell is tawny.(M. the entire usually black and below.(M. Cell above of hind wing of hind

Cell

Postmedian

fascia

of

forewing

Postmedian

fascia

of

forewing

49. Hind nal

wing black

Hind

with

wing

the

and

or wanting;

No

on

present

yellow

the

the

forewing,

menophilus red. tawny m. mothone

fascia M.

fascia

Postmedial mneme

Melinaea

and

apparently Papilio

the

forewing

messenina

II, figs.

29,

30.

the Guiana

is found

(fig. 17) along species as far west as Teff?; the Amazon valley throughout of Guiana. it is missing from the interior highlands

mneme 1767,

m.

yellow.M. Plate

(Johansson)

low altitude

This coast

of

com

series

.M. m.

postmedian

estes

submargi

submarginal plete

50.

it, but ... 48 ... 50

mothone) or

m.

postmedian

in

menophilus)

. 49 yellow series vestigial m. zaneka

postmedian

wanting.M. with the tawny

c. simulator or yellow

tawny

tawny.M.

series

c. isocomma

Johansson,

p. 756.

Sulzer, 1793, p. 160.

p. 160; Heliconius mneme, Mechanitis mneme,

p.

1763, 1776,

Latreille, Doubleday,

403;

16, figs.

pi. 1820

"China". 3, 4.

1764,

Linn?,

Fabricius,

pp. 200-201, (1819-1823), 1847 (1846-1852), p. 130.

1781, 221.

p.

p. 27;

235; 1787,

RICHARD

Melinaea

mneme,

154.

51,

1869, pp.

1903,

124.

p.

lv.

liv,

125

FOX

p. 34.

1871,

Kirby,

pp.

1907,

Kaye,

Butler,

p.

1873,

419,

413-417,

425,

430,

1925b, 23, fig. 6, pi. 24, fig. 6, pi. 25, fig. 6, pi. 26, figs. 1-7; 1937 (part), p. 480. Herbst (not Johansson), 1790, p. 116, pi. 70, figs. 1, 2. harmonio, mediatrix Cayenne. Haase, 1893, pp. Weymer, 1890, pp. 282-283; 53. Haensch, Forbes, 1927, pp. 25, 26, 28, 30. 1909, p. 123, pi. 33b. pi.

432-433, p. xxii. Papilio Melinaea

Butler,

Poulton,

M.

Bryk,

Fox, 1940, p. Czakia mediatrix, fig. Melinaea Kaye,

5.

Bryk, mauensis

mauensis, anina

1940, p. 179. Fox, mauensis mediatrix Czakia

The

type

1890,

Weymer,

p. 413; p. 179.

mediatrix

pp.

1925, p. 482.

1937,

of mneme

1925b,

pp.

181. 193,

xxiii.

Bryk,

stated

271,

figs.

Haensch,

Forbes,

42,

43,

1909,

21,

pi. p.

123.

1927, p. 24, 31, pi.

3.

p. 482.

1909,

anina,

194,

282-283.

pp. xxii,

1937,

Bryk, Haensch,

was

p. 192,

1942,

d'Almeida,

Kremky,

1925a,

1940, Fox, mediatrix Czakia Melinaea

170.

p.

123.

Forbes,

1927,

pp.

24,

31.

1937, p. 483.

(1925) to be in the by Kaye mauensis types of mediatrix,

The collection. Linnean Society and anina are in the Berlin Museum. for has been widely misidentified (Johansson) Papilio mneme and Salvin Godman (1898) were first to notice years. many an entirely that Cramer (1779 (1775-1791)) figured as mneme and they named this second insect different species from Guiana, had accepted Cramer's (1890) previously Weymer a name that true mneme was without identification and believing Haensch called it mediatrix. (1909) preserved the error although the correct of that time understood the English entomologists it of the original name and Kaye (1907) illustrated application a formal in ten figures, some in color. Kaye (1925) presented crameri.

based on reexamination of the Linnean collection. synonymy M. mauensis mediatrix is an absolute synonym. Weymer's in which the postmedian is a normal variation of mneme band of the hind wing is separated from the submarginal band so that a band appears between in typical mneme these tawny them; M. anina Haensch bands are fused into a large patch. is a further

aberration

in which

the yellow postmedian fascia of the into while the two hind wing separate spots forewing is like that of mauensis. Both of these names fall as synonyms because they indicate aberrations. is divided

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

126

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

The

black pigmentation in this subspecies varia is exceedingly one Haensch the scale are individuals At one of like the end# with the hind wing covered by figured (1909, 33b, as mediatrix) a large black patch and no anteapical tawny on the forewing; ble.

the other extreme are individuals with the postmedian and bands of the hind wing well separated by a band of submarginal tawny ground color and a prominent anteapical tawny fascia on the forewing. In almost every part of the range of mneme (fig. are to be found and all degrees of variation 17) both variations between the extremes. The proportional of the geo composition as the follow indicates a clinal distribution, graphic populations at

ing table

indicates. Specimens examined

. French Guiana Northern

39

. Para

6

Coastal British Guiana Venezuelan

Guiana

...

Amazon basin.

76

Hind bands

wing

black

separate

Forewing elements

anteapical present

16% 11% 17% 0%

72% 49%

11

91%86%

53

92% 61%

in French Guiana Thus and nothern Para low (the coastal lands of Brazil north of the Amazon) most of the mneme popula tions are heavily black with the anteapical In fascia unusual. about half the specimens British Guiana have the anteapical fascia and about a quarter have the hind wing black bands In Venezuelan and the Amazon Guiana basin the separated. black patch occurs in less than one tenth of the specimens and about two thirds have the anteapical This is a tawny elements. fine example of geographic variation which should not be named. The British Museum has an aberrational (Natural History) specimen subapical Specimens 1The

from Rio Madeira in which the postmedian fascia and spots of the forewing are tawny rather than yellow. examined:1

are used abbreviations to indicate the collections from following which have data been in this recorded the American study: A.M.N.H., Museum of Natural New New of History, York, York; A.N.S.P., Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the British Museum Pennsylvania; B.M., (Natural History), London, England; CM., Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, of Entomology, of Agriculture, Pennsylvania; Department C.U., College Cornell Instituto Oswaldo Ithaca, New University, I.O.C., York; Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Museum of Comparative Harvard Brazil; M.C.Z., Zoology,

RICHARD

Guiana:

British Demarara stone,

Azuma

(B.M., CM.), Venezuelan

9.

127

FOX

(A.M.N.H., estate Hice 4

$.

(A.M.N.H.),

Kuruhung

(A.M.N.H.), 3 ?, 2 $.

(B.M.),

Quonga Boschland

woods

1 $. (A.M.N.H.), River (A.M.N.H.),

River Essequibo 1 3 $,

CM.), 1 $.

Kartabo

M.

$. Wismar, CM.),.36 2 $. Rock (A.M.N.H.), Bartica B.M., (A.M.N.H., 1 $. Tumutumari (CM.),

2 $. 1 ?. River (A.M.N.H.), Kuyuwini 2 9. 2 $. Mabaruma Omai (B.M.), (B.M.), 2 $. River Without locality Carmang (B.M.),

1 $. (B.M.), 6 ?, 3 $. Paruima Guiana:

6

(CM.),

$.

Adoro

River

1 $.

(CM.),

Rio

Suapure (M.C.Z.), 3?,1?. Dutch Guiana: Saramacca French

Guiana:

(A.M.N.H., Mana River M.C.Z., North

6

B.M.),

Z.S.B.), Para:

(CM.), 15 $,2

River

Pied

$. 5

$,

(B.M.), Saut,

2

1 S,3 2 S,

(B.M.),

Laurent

St.

9.

Oyapok Without

9 59.

River locality

Maroni

(CM.),

2

(A.M.N.H.,

River $,2

9. B.M.,

9.

3 #,3 River [Rio Arocaua] 9 (CM.), 1 $, 1 9. Santarem (A.M.N.H., (B.M., Z.S.B.), 8 ?, 3 9. Manaos 5 $. Obidos (A.M.N.H, B.M., Z.S.B.), B.M., CM.), 1 $. 18 $, Te?e Solimoes] (B.M., M.C.Z., Z.S.B.), (Z.S.B.), [Ega; Rio 4 9. 1 $. Rio Pebas Rio Madeira 19. (B.M.), (B.M.), Manicore, Brazil:

Madeira

1 9. Rio Madeira 3 ?. San Antonio, Allianca, (B.M.), 2 9. 1 9Rio Pur?s Labrea, (B.M.), (B.M.), Sebastopol, 1 $. Pur?s Rio Pur?s Rio (CM.), (CM.), Manacapuru, 1 $. Villa Nova 1 ?, 1 9. Rio Pur?s (CM.), (B.M.), Olinda,

(Z.S.B.),

Pur?s

Rio

Rocana

Upper Paramaribo

Hyatanahan, 3 $. Nova

1 $. Rio Caiary-Uaupes (B.M.), 27 ?, 17 9. Without locality Z.S.B.), 3 $. No Data: CM.), (A.M.N.H.,

Maues

Melinaea

lilis

Doubleday

(CM.), (CM.),

3 $.

Amazons

(M.C.Z.,

1 $.

and Hewitson

species is distributed (fig. 18) from southern polytypic to Bolivia and along the northern coast east to Trinidad. from the Amazon it is missing basin and appears Apparently are nine sub the in the of Andean foothills. There only valleys now Forbes known, distinguished (1948) in an excel species by lent key. The most northerly is of the Vera flavicans subspecies Its range lies adjacent to that of imitata; Cruz coast of Mexico. to the east of Tehuantepec the two evidently The intergrade.

This Mexico

latter duras occupied

is from Chiapas, into Nicaragua. by the

and Hon Mexico, through Guatemala are and western Costa Rica Panama related species M. which de scylax, probably

College, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Art Gallery, Reading, Pennsylvania; D. C; Museum, Washington, Z.S.B., West Staates, Germany. Munich, TRANS. AMER. ENT.

SOC, LXXXVI.

Public Museum and R.P.M., Reading United States National U.S.N.M., des Bayerischen Zoologische Sammlung

128

THE

TRIBE

MELINAEINI

lilis sub from lilis stock, and which partially overlaps a white In the Panamanian isthmus parallelis, species in range. comes lilis from northern Vene spotted form, is found. Typical from near the junction of the zuela and I have seen specimens and Magdalena Rivers in Colombia; I do not know Cauca between whether distribution these two areas. M. is continuous veloped

I. ezra is found in the Santa Marta mountains in northern Co lombia. Trinidad and the adjacent Venezuelan coast is occu is found pied by sola. The second white-spotted form, messatis, in central and Amazonian Colombia and I have seen specimens It is probably from the Rio Putumayo and from central Peru. hills, but it continuously along the eastern Andean not eastern that in Ecuador where so of is present part certainly much collecting has been done, nor in the vicinity of Iquitos on the Amazon. M. I. erica comes from southwestern Colombia; distributed

dodana

is found in Bolivia. to remove the two white-spotted is a temptation sub on a from them lilis and make the basis species separate species of the loss of the proximal bar part of the black hindmarginal of the forewing and the greatly black the in developed apical half of the forewing, along with the fragmentation of the post median fascia Both dodana into individual and erica spots. combine features of the yellowand the white-spotted forms and are geographically in such a position that there is no suspicion of There

hybridization. Melinaea

lilis

Melinaea

imitata

Tabasco

flavicans

flavicans

and

1937, p. 473.

Hoffmann Hoffmann, Vera Cruz.

Misantla, Forbes,

pp.

1948,

1924,

p.

Forbes,

70,

fig. 1927,

3;

Villa

pp.

24,

Hermosa, 29. Bryk,

4, 5.

The type is in the American Museum of Natural History. The pattern and coloring is just like imitata, but the hind wing cell above the black medial band is yellow rather than tawny. Specimens Mexico: Cordoba, Tezenana,

examined:

Guerrero Rinc?n, Vera Cruz (B.M.), Vera

Cruz

(B.M.), 1 $.

(A.M.N.H.),

1 S. Agua 1 ?\

Vera Atoyac, del Obispo

Cruz

1 S.

(B.M.),

(A.M.N.H.),

1

2.

M.

RICHARD

Bates

imitata

Melinaea

lilis

Melinaea

imitata

129

FOX

Plate

II,

31.

figure

Guatemala. 1864, pp. 55-56; Bates, Kirby, 1871, p. 34. 1879 (1879-1901), p. 13, plate 2, fig. 11. Godman, Salvin, 1901 and Salvin, (in Godman p. 641. 1879-1901), Haensch, 1909, p. 123, pi. 33c. Moulton, 1909, p. 587, pi. 30, figs. 1, 2. Kaye, 1925a, p. 413. and Gabriel, 1925, p. 25. Riley Forbes, 1927, pp. 24, 28-29. Bryk,

Godman

and

473.

p.

1937, 4,5. Melinaea

Fox,

pp.

1939,

lilis, Butler

and

Druce

179.

p.

1940,

73-74;

and Hewitson),

(not Doubleday

pp.

1948,

Forbes,

p.

1874,

334. Felder

and

Melinaea

tachypetis

Kaye, Melinaea

1904, pp. 163-164. telchinia Boisduval,

1865

Felder,

Bryk,

p.

1870,

p.

(1864-1867), p. 473.

1937, 31;

Honduras,

Mexico.

353;

Mexico.

Guatemala,

are in the British Museum (Natural types of imitata a a male female from Polochic and History), valley, Guatemala, numbered 6976 and 6977. The distinctive feature of the pattern is the long black bar in The

the proximal two-thirds of Cui-Cu2 connected with the bar across the middle of the discal cell.

Vera

(A.M.N.H., Guatemala:

Paz

Mirandilla

Isidro

(B.M.),

1 S.

(B.M.),

Belize

1

(A.M.N.H.), 1 $, 1 2. coast

Sarstoon

1 $. Without La Libertad, 3 3, 3 M.C.Z.),

3 ?, CM.), Honduras:

1 $.

Oaxaco

Without

locality

$.

(B.M.), 1 2 . Pacific 3 3,1$.

B.M., M.C.Z.), British Honduras:

(A.M.N.H.),

1 $.

(B.M.),

2 M.C.Z.), Puatalon

1 8.

(B.M.,

continuous

examined:

Specimens Mexico:

and

Puerto

$.

valley 1 2 . Without

(B.M.), River

3

(B.M.),

locality

Barrios

Polochic

2

(CM.),

(B.M.), locality Punta

$.

(A.M.N.H.), 1 $. San (A.M.N.H.,

Gorda

(B.M.,

$. 1

Comayagua (M.C.Z.), Tela 2. (A.M.N.H.), 1 $. Without (B.M.),

1

$.

San

$.

Truxillo

locality

Pedro

Sula district

(CM.,

M.C.Z.),

3 $, 1 2. San

Salvador:

Augustin Chonteles

Nicaragua: Costa River

Rica: (CM.),

ana

(B.M.), 1 2. (B.M.), No

Data

Peralta 1 &. 1 $.

Turrialba or Wrong

TRANS. AMER. ENT.

(A.M.N.H.), Zent (CM.),

Cache

2 $.

(B.M.), (B.M.),

(B.M.),

4

Without

$. 2 3

$. $.

1 $.

2 2. locality (B.M.), 2 $. Sixole Guapiles (CM.), Carillo 1 $. Colombi (CM.), Irazu 1 $. Rio Sucio (B.M.),

1 S. Without (B.M.), Data: (A.M.N.H., B.M., SOC, LXXXVI.

locality CM.,

(B.M.), M.C.Z.),

1 ?, 5

?,

7 $. 2

$.

130

THE

Melinaea

lilis

Melinaea

Kremky,

Plate

Butler,

1873, 155; 1879 (1879-1901),

pp.

194-198,

271,

1925, p. 38. Forbes, Gabriel, 474. 1939, p. 73; 1940, p. Fox,

figs.

Kirby,

13.

p. 44,

figure

32.

1877,

p.

697.

1909,

p.

II,

Panama.

p.

Salvin,

1925,

MELINAEINI

Butler

parallelis

parallelis and

Godman

TRIBE

45,

Haensch,

pi. 29.

22,

fig.

Bryk, 1927, pp. 24, 179. Forbes, 1948, p. 4.

2.

124. and

Riley

473

pp.

1937,

The type is a female from Panama numbered 6975 in the British Museum (Natural History). The outer half of the forewing is black, containing spots that are white the isolated rather than yellow, and ^these represent It and the fragmented fascia. elements subapical postmedian on a band differs from messatis complete postmedian by having the hind wing. The hindmarginal bar of the forewing is reduced to its distal half, which that this pattern element is suggests as serves in lost lilis it (broad sense), although being apparently a valid separating character between other species in the genus. examined:

Specimens Panama: Matachin rado

Lion

Hill

(B.M.),

6

Island

Colon

M.C.Z.),

(A.M.N.H., 1 $.

(M.C.Z.),

3 ?, CM., M.C.Z.), Colombia: Valdevia Erroneous

3

Record:

Chiriqui

1 $, 2 9. Calobre $, (B.M.), 2 ?, 1 9. Barro (B.M., A.N.S.P.), 2 $. Rio Trinidad (A.M.N.H.), 1 9. Without locality (B.M.),

9. 1 $. (B.M.), Sixola Costa Rica,

ezra Fox

lilis

Melinaea

lilis variation

Melinaea

lilis

ezra

Colombia;

Godman

Fox, 1940,

1939, p.

and

Salvin,

pp. 74-76; 179. Forbes,

II, 1880,

Minea, 1948,

1

9.

Colo 1

$.

(B.M.,

1 9

(CM.), Plate

Melinaea

lena,

3

(B.M.), Gatun

$.

p.

33.

figure

127.

Department pp. 2-5.

of Magda

series of this subspe has an excellent Carnegie Museum of Colombia. it is confined to the Santa Marta mountains lack the comma mark entirely, more but not all specimens on the upper side. In the outer third of the forewing generally are diluted with or replaced by tawny, which the black markings The

cies; Most

appearance. gives the wing a peculiar washed-out The types, a male and female, are in the Academy Sciences of Philadelphia. Specimens Colombia:

of Natural

examined: Department

of Magdalena:

Minea

(A.N.S.P.,

CM.),

3

S,

RICHARD

2

Hacienda

9.

(CM.),

Sierra

Victoria, 1 ?. Bonda

1 ?, 7 $.

(CM.),

San

M.

Lorenzo

1 $. Cincinnati (A.N.S.P.), Amo 3 $. Onaca (CM.), 1 $. Manaure (B.M.), (B.M.),

1 $. (CM.), San Mateo

Vista

Nieva,

lilis

Doubleday

131

FOX

Don

1 $. Melinaea

lilis

Melinaea

lilis Doubleday C 4; Venezuela. 1871, p. 34. Godman

and Hewitson

Plate

and

1885

(1884-1888),

p.

1847 Hewitson, (1846-1852), and R. Felder, 1865 (1864-1867), and Salvin, 1879 (1879-1901), p. 1885 (1885-1892), 71. Schatz, pl.

1886

(1885-1892), and Gabriel,

p.

88.

fig.

II, p.

34.

figure

130, pl. 17, 355. Kirby,

p. 13.

Staudinger,

a, b, c; 1909, p. 123. Kaye, Haensch, 1925a, p. 413. 1925, p. 30. Riley 1927, pp. 24, 27, 28-29. Forbes, Bryk, and Fox, 1939, p. 74; 1940, p. 179. Fox 1937, p. 472. Fox, 1947, p. 174. 1948, pp. 3-5. Forbes, 10, figs,

The types, a male and female from Venezuela numbered 6978 and 6979, are in the British Museum (Natural History). The triangular black cubital is always spot of the forewing present but does not connect with either the black double spot in the discal cell or the comma mark which always is present. The fascia and the subapical postmedian spots, which are tend to form a band, are clear yellow and of about width. examined:

Specimens Venezuela: 10

2

S,

Las

Quiguas Caracas [?]

2.

2 ?, CM.), Colombia: No

9 'IT**?-"-. .~. WTPmBJPffMWWWWWePIIFW^'l'

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!

FOX: TRIBE MELINAEINI

I

III.

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Amer.

Trans.

Ent.

mm

Soc,

Vol.

LXXXVI

I

Plate

IV.

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f?

i

i

i

I _m

I

?O

m .liter ires

^r' ; ^P^P FOX: TRIBE MELINAEINI

,:;

:

Trans.

Amer.

Ent.

Soc,

Vol.

LXXXVI

FOX: TRIBE MELINAEINI

Plate

V.