A Historical Atlas (1885)

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Labberton Historical Atlas

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AN

HISTORICAL ATLAS CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF

ONE HUNDRED MAPS, fit Jjfi

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BY

EOBERT

H.

LABBERTON.

PHILADELPHIA: CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, NOS. 819 & 821

MARKET STREET.

1873.

Kjno

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by

CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, in the Office of the Librarian of

STKBKOTTl'Kli

I)Y J.

FAGAN

Congress at Washington.

t SON,

PHILADELPHIA.

1630

PREFACE. TT1VERT VERY

student of History finds an Historical Atlas indis-

-*—* 1H-11SU pensable to

Ms

pursuits.

The advantages derived from

such a work are at present fully admitted.

without exception, that without

its

It is

acknowledged,

aid History can neither be

thoroughly taught nor perfectly understood. All teachers of History have long of maps, exhibiting at a glance

felt

the

the successive

of States with

collection

their attendant alterations

of frontier;

in other

WOrds, Of A TRULY PICTORIAL HISTORY.

The

object of this

by offering

work

to teachers

prepared expressly

want of a

changes

tion

to

is

to supply this long-felt deficiency,

and students a

illustrate

connected Series of

the leading events

of History

Maps,

from

THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE PRESENT TIME.

ROBERT

in the distribu-

Philadelphia, July, 1871.

II.

LABBERTOX.

r

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

TWELVE MAPS ILLUSTRATING EASTERN HISTORY. I.

1.

The ,f.

b, c,

d,

2.

b. c. ?..

of the Pyramids, (from an actual survey ;) showing The bifurcation of the Nile and the bluffs. The exact situation of Memphis, Cairo, Old Cairo, and Gizeh. The exact position of the great pyramid, sphinx, etc.

The Second Progressive Map.— Egyptian Ascendency; The Egyptian Empire

III.

;

c,

|

d, e,

The Ruins

5.

The Third Progressive Map. a, b, c,

V.

ff,

Empire of David and Solomon. The kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

h,

Phoenicia, with the precise position of the Phoenician cities.

Jerusalem, (from an

9.

The Fourth Progressive Map. — The Four Great Powers; (7,

4, c,

Ascendency; showing

The Assyrian Empire The six great Phoenician towns, and the principal Phoenician colonies. The beginnings of Home. in its greatest extent.

VI.

fi.

Nineveh,

7.

The Holy Land and Lower Egypt fl.

b,

showing arms of the Nile. Arsinoe. Moeris and Lakes Joseph's Canal,

The

Media, Babylonia, and Egypt. Ionia, Greece, and Great Greece. of Carthage, Syracuse, and Rome.

Babylon, (from an

The b.

(from an actual survey.) d.

;

Delta, with the seven

12.

Nineveh

The position of The beginnings

11.

a.

actual survey.)

division of Western Asia (after the fall of

10.

c.

IV.

The

showing

of Thebes, (from an actual survey.)

— Assyrian

of Goshen, with the bitter lakes and the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. The route of the Israelites from Goshen vii Sinai, to Jericho. The exact situation of the twelve tribes of Israel.

8.

in its greatest extent.

4.

The land

f, Tlie

The Field a.

II.

—

Chaldcean Ascendency showing First Progressive Map Chaldaean Empire in its greatest extent, (blue.) Northern and Southern tetrarehy. course of the Euphrates and Tigris. course of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza to the Mediterranean, showing its affluents, cataracts, and the Delta.

The The The The

13.

by the Hellenes ;) showing coasts of the Mediterranean from the Black Sea to the Tuscan Sea. The Propontis, with the Hellespont and Bosporus. The Western coast of Asia Minor, with the principal ,'Eolian, Ionian, and Dorian colonies.

Hellas, a,

The Ruins

6, c,

The JEgse&n Sea with its islands, (Cyclades and Sporades.) c The great divisions of Greece with its ethnological diversities. and Sicily. /, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy d.

14.

(the countries set/led

The North-Eastern

VIII.

15.

showing

into Lydiu,

»

actual survey.)

—

Persian Ascendency; showing Fifth Progressive Map. The Persian Empire in its greatest extent. The march of Darius I. from Sardes to Scythia. The march of the Ten Thousand from Sardes to Cunaxi. and their return from Cunaxa to the Bosporus. The three decisive battle-fields (Granicus. Issus. and Arbela) on which the Persian Empire was destroyed. of Susa, [from an actual survey.)

NINE MAPS ILLUSTRATING GREEK HISTORY. VII.

i

The Field of Troy. Hellas and Peloponnesus showing ;

a. 6,

The subdivisions of Hellas and Peloponnesus. The historical places and battle-fields.

Kemarh: — Stmts =

16.

Plan of Sparta and

17.

Plan of Thebes and

its

its

Gulf, anil Mart

=

Neighborhood.

Neighborhood

&a.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX.

18.

Plan of Athens and

its

Neighborhood.

19.

Plan of Corinth and

its

Neighborhood.

20.

The Sixth Progressive Map. — Hellenic Ascendency showing

A, c.

d,

The route of Alexander to India. The Stales sprung from Alexander's Empire, 300 B.C. The compact Roman domain, 300 B. c, [colored yellow.)

;

a.

The Empire

of Alexander the Great.

21.

Plan of Alexandria, [from an

actual survey.)

TWENTY-SEVEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING ROMAN HISTORY. X.

22. Italy

Enlarged

24.

XI.

Italy from the beginning of the Samnite ning of the Punic 'Wars; showing

20.

a,

b\ c,

d, e,

20.

27.

XII.

XIII.

during the Regal Period.

Map of Latium during the Regal Period. The Original Roman Domain, (Ager Romanus.)

23.

28.

34.

to the begin-

The earliest boundaries of the great armed confederacy led by Rome, {colored yellow.) The exact boundaries of Italy proper, (indicated by yellow lines.)

30.

XIV.

37.

Gaul, south of the Alps (red), Liguria (green), and Istria (purple). The maritime fortresses, or burgess-colonies. The military roads, with the road-fortresses, (Latin colonies.)

of 'War during the early

The bay of Naples with

A,

neuin and Pompeii. The battle-fields of the Samnite wars.

its

islands, the Vesuvius,

b,

d,

and Hercula-

e,

38.

b. c.

39.

and Car-

The Empire of the Barcidas in Spain. The situation and territorial extent of Rome i

r.

d,

31

.

bilk

,

(yellow)

and Carthage

on the eve of the second Punic war.

The march Of Hannibal from Carthago Nuva to the Trasimcnus. The principal battle-fields of the second Punic war.

Rome and

Carthage at the end of the Second Punic War.

the Hellenes,"

— Demetrias,

Chalcis,

and

Corinth. The JEtolian and Achaean confederacies. Pergamus before and after 190 B. c. The great battle-fields of the Grreco-Rosnan wars.

in the Times of Mithradates The Empire of Mithradates, yblue.) The Empire of Tigranes (yellow), and Parthia The Roman province of Asia, (yellow lines.)

The Surroundings and the Euripus

of

Lake Copais,

showing The principal theatre of war

;

showing (green).

in Bceotia, 'with

Eubcea

;

XV.

40.

The Seventh a.

;

A,

The three "fetters of

Western Asia u.

showing

situation and territorial extent of Rome (yellow) tiinL"' (Hut) on the eve of the great struggle. The principal battle-fields of the first Punic war.

The

Rome and Carthage at the end of the First Punic War. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the Second Punic War showing a.

Plan of the City and Harbor of Syracuse. The Western Basin of the Mediterranean at the close of the Punic Wars, (146 B.C.) The Western Basin of the Mediterranean a century after the close of the Punic Wars, (50 B. C.) The Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ; showing a, Macedonia from the death of Alexander to the Roman Conquest.

Samnite

Plan of the City and Harbor of Tarentum. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the First Punic

A,

Hannibal's Route from the Rhone to the Apennines. Plan of the City and Harbor of Carthage.

c,

a.

War;

29,

33.

35.

The Principal Theatre Wars; showing

a,

30.

Wars

32.

A,

41.

Progressive

showing The Roman Empire in The Parthian Empire.

A, c,

d, e,

Map.

Mithradatic war.

— Roman

Ascendency;

greatest extent.

its

Rome showing The seven bills of Home. The original settlement, (white.) The city and wall ofServiua Tullius, The city and wall of Aurclian, with The five bridges.

Plan of the City of a.

in the first

;

(j/rllow.) its

gates, (yellow

lint- .)

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 42.

XVI.

43.

Map of the Capitoline Hill, Fora, etc. most celebrated buildings and monuments.

Enlarged

The Roman Empire a. 6,

;

showing the

45.

;

the fourth century. c,

The

division of the

Empire

in

395

The Bosporus and Constantinople. Gaul before the Roman Conquest.

44.

until 395 A. D. showing The names of all the provinces with the years of conquest. The relative position of the Christian and heathen world during

XVII.

A. D.

Roman

40.

Gaul

47.

Italy during the

48.

vu

after the

Conquest.

Empire; showing

Division and Subdivision of the

the fourteen districts.

Roman Empire

since 395.

SIXTEEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING MEDIEVAL HISTORY. XVIII.

49.

Europe and Western Asia about 500 A. D.

; showing the Ostrogothic, Visigothic, Merovingian, Vandalian, and Byzan-

b, c.

tine Empires.

XIX.

50.

The Empire

of the

d.

Franks under Clovis,

in

507 A. D. show;

ing the relative positions of the Salic and Ripuarian Franks. 51.

XX.

52.

of the Frankish Empire, in 567 A. D., into Neustria, with Aquitania, Austrasia, and Burgundy, (to illustrate the times of Brunehilda and Fredegonda.J

The Division

b,

The Arabic Empire in its greatest extent. The world at the beginning of the eighth century.

c,

The four Christian Empires,

53.

54.

The Empire

b,

55.

b, c,

of

Charlemagne and

its

b,

Franre.

end of the thirteenth century.

57.

Scotch Struggle. The World about the middle

of the Tenth Century The Empire of Otto the Great divided into its duchies,

;

showing

(blue.)

red

in 1160, (blue lines.)

\

f,

g,

The Western Caliphate

i

lines.)

(green), with the five Christian (Portugal, Leon, Castile, Navarre, and Arragon) Spanish peninsula. The Christian States on the Syrian coast, (blue.)

The Christian States

in the East, in 1142.

A

D.

:

S

in

t

lie

showing

the four States founded by the Crusaders Jerusalem, Tripolis. Antiochia, and Edessa), with the native Christian kingdom of Armenia (blue .

XXV.

CO.

Norman, and early

South-Eastern Scotland the principal scene of the Anglo-

in

;

i

dominion of the Ayoubites, (green

;

lines.)

The German Empire of Barbarossa. blue.) Poland, Hungary, and Servia, (In, The remnant of the Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Eastern Caliphate, with the Empire of lconium and the

k.

5G.

a,

of the Crusades showing The possessions of the Plantagenets

d,

69.

(purple.)

with the great duchies of Neustria. (red

a,

Ommaiad

Plantagenet Periods; showing The Saxon (blue) and Celtic (yellow) parts of the British Islands. The Saxon kingdoms in England. The English battle-fields from the beginning of the eighth to the

(red),

The Age

e,

Division in 843 A. D.

British Islands during the Saxon,

Francia

The Caliphate of Cordova (green), with the Christian States Spain, (Leon, Castile, and Pampeluna.)

c,

(Christianity

showing The Empire of Charlemagne and its division into Neustria, Lorraine, and Austrasia, (bli/e.) The Byzantine Empire and the Caliphates of Bagdad and Cordova.

The a,

XXIII.

58.

on the point of being crushed by the Moslems.) (Byzantine, Longobardian, Merovingian,

and Anglo-Xaxon.) Plan of the City of Damascus, the Capital of the Caliphs.

a,

XXII.

XXIV.

The Eighth Progressive Map. — Arabic Ascendency; showing 0,

XXI.

e,

The Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Burgundian or Arelatian kingdom,

the Guelphs. about 1170 A. D to illustrate the struggle between Barbarossa and Henry the Lion showing a. The German duchies in the latter part of the twelfth century. b, The possessions of the Iloheustaut'eu (blue), and thi of the Guelphs (yellow]. The North-Eastern and Southern Parts cf France, to illustrate the Crusade against the Albigeuses a, The situation of the three celebrated Benedictine monasteries of Cluny. Citeaux, and Clairveaux. 4, The possessions of Raymond of Toulouse which were granted to Simon de Montfort, (blue.)

The Hohenstaufen and

,

;

61.

:

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 62a.

The Latin Empire and the Christian States a, I. c.

d,

The The The The

in the East. Greek Empires of Nicasa an'l Trebizond, (yellow.) Latin Empire with its feudal States, (blue.)

62b.

XXVI.

63.

The Remains of the Kingdom of Jerusalem The Empire of Frederick II. showing {/.

Venetian possessions in the East, (green.) Turkish Empire of Iconium.

in 1204.

;

b, c,

The German Empire during the first halt' of the 13th century, (bl.'y The hereditary possessions of Emperor Frederick II., (green.) The remnant of the Empire of Henry the Lion, (yellow.)

FIFTY-TWO MAPS ILLUSTRATING MODERN HISTORY.

XXVI.

01.

England ana Trance during the Anglo-French Struggle. a, b, c,

d,

e,

XXVII.

65.

The Burgundian Dominion b,

of Charles the Bold; showing The countries directly ruled by Charles the Bold, (green.) The countries which had once formed a part of the Burgun-

c,

The

a,

XXIX.

England (blue lines) and France, (red. ) The countries claimed by England, (red lines.) The portion ceded to England by the peace of Bre'tigny. The possessions of Philip the Bold, founder of the second (or great) Burgundian house, (green lines.) All the battle-fields and historical places of the Anglo-French struggle and of the War of the Roses.

08.

b, c,

e,

69. 70.

XXX.

71.

position of the Burgundian dominion, belonging partly to France and partly to the Empire, (indicated by a yellow-blue line, which shores the boundary between France and the Empire.) Lorraine, being also partly a French fief (indicated by yellow lines) and partly a German fief (indicated by blue lines). The position of Lorraine, dividing the Northern realms of Charles from his Southern possessions.

The Ottoman extent 1682 AD. The Mongol Kingdoms during the Fourteenth Century

72.

a, b,

Portugal and the Portuguese discoveries and

The a.

c.

d.

73.

The a. b.

b, e.

d, t.

f. .'/,

h,

Aquitaine, (red

74.

XXXI.

7").

lines.)

The French realm (red), with the possessions of the house of Anjou during the fifteenth century, (red villi black lines.) The Burgundian dominion of John the Fearless, (green lines.) The house of Luxemburg in its greatest glory, (blue.) The Habsburg possessions, (purple The seven German Electorates, (names underlined.') The Arr.goninn Empire (brown), with the united kingdoms of Leon and Castile, (brown lines.) )

colonies, (yellow.)

Pope Alexander's line of demarcation. Atlantic Coast of North America in the Seventeenth Century; showing • The English settlements of New England, Virginia, and Carolina.

b.

'Western Eurcpe about 1400 A. D.; showing in France.

;

Genghis-Khan and of Timur.

of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries showing Spain and the Spanish discoveries and colonies, (blue.)

t

The English realm, with the English possessions

of

The Discoveries

c,

;

a,

fifty

existence, (green.) Empire in its greatest

;

—

67.

the last

its

showing the Empires

Central Switzerland. The scene of the Swiss Struggle against Habsburg showing lie position of the cradle oj the Habsburg race (Castle Habsburg), the original Habsburg domains, and the famous battle-fields.

XXVIII.

The Empire of the Mamelukes, (yellow.) The remnant of the Byzantine Empire during years of

dian dominion, (green border.)

d,

Eastern Europe and 'Western Asia about 1400 AD., (the Eastern continuation of Map 67 ;) showing a, The Ottoman Empire during the first part of the 15th century.

70. 77.

The Dutch settlement of New Netherlands. The Swedish settlement of New Sweden. The French settlement of Acadia. United States in 1783; showing The situation of the Thirteen Original Colonies. The principal battle-fields of the Revolution.

The Gulf

of St. Lawrence, with its Islands. France divided into Thirty-five Provinces.

Germany divided into Ten Circles. The Four Rhenish Electorates with Countries; showing «, The Archbishopric of Cologne, (purple.) The A, Archbishopric of Treves, (green.) c. The Archbishopric of Mayence, (blue.) d. The Rhenish Palatinate, [yellow.) e. The Cleve inheritance in 1609, (red.)

the surrounding

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXXII.

78.

Western Europe about 1550 A.

D. showing especially of Habsburg in the zenith of its power (purple), with its division into an Austrian and Spanish branch. 6, The kingdom of France {red) with the Bourbon possessions. c, The Hohenzollerns in Brandenburg (blue), Prussia, Anspach, and Culmbach, (blue with black lint's). d, The possessions of the house of Savoy, (yellow.) e, The dominion of the Pope in Italy and France. /, The republic of Poland before the union with Lithuania. a,

79.

b,

;

North-Eastern Italy

;

showing the

battle-fields of the

80.

a,

b,

c,

d, e,

/, g, h, i,

XXXVI.

87.

Central and Northern Europe in 1795 showing especially a, The extent of Prussia. Russia, and Austria after the ab;

XXXIV.

82.

90. 91.

The Age

89.

lines.)

part of

Lombardy during the Seven-

especially

The Empire

d,

Kingdom The Austrian, Russian, and Prussian monarchies, etc

Northern Italy, 1794-1800. against Egypt and Syria. Expedition Bonaparte's

94.

Europe

wick-Luneburg), (blue lines.) of the house of Savoy (Savoy, Piedmont, and

95.

Sicily), (yellow.)

96.

The Theatre The Theatre

97.

Europe

XXXVIII.

of the Spanish branch, (purple.) The Bourbons of France and Spain, (red.) The extent of the Guelphic dominions (England and Bruns-

The

Napoleon the Great; showing

a,

93.

92.

—

d,

of

of Napoleon in its greatest ezlenl red), with the vassal States ruled by his relations, (red with black lines.) b, The Confederacy of the Rhine, with Bavaria in its greatest extent. of Saxony, with the grand-duchy of Warsaw. c, The

in its greatest extent, (purple lines.) of Russia in the middle of the seven-

teenth Century. Peace of Utrecht; showing especially Europe in 1713. a, The extent of the Habsburg possessions after the extinction

c,

XXXV.

d,

sorption of Poland. of the house of Wittelsbach (Bavaria, Juliers, Berg, and the Palatinate), (orange.) The extent of Denmark (green) and Sweden (red lines). The Eastern boundary of France in 17'JO, (red.)

The possessions

The First Partition of Poland in 1772. The Second Partition cf Poland in 1793. The Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

88.

France, with the battle-fields of the civil wars, (red.) Germany, with the battle-fields of the Thirty Years' War.

The South-Eastern

b,

83.

c,

XXXVII.

etc.

England, Scotland, and Ireland during the latter part of the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Century.

—

teenth century, (green 81.

i

and Bavarian branches,

6,

The republic of Poland The Western boundary

Silcsian war, (blue.)

8C.

Franco-

Peace of Westphalia; showing especially The possessions of the two branches of the house of Habsburg at the end of the Thirty Years' War, (purple.) The possessions of the house of Hohenzollern, (union of Prussia with Brandenburg, (blue.) The Swedish Empire on both shores of the Baltic and in Northern Germany, (red lines.) The Danish monarchy, Denmark. Norway, and Schonen. The British isles, with the battle-fields of the civil wars.

Europe in 1648.

tin- first

The Empire of the Empress-Queen Maria Theree d, The division of the house of Wittelsbach into the Pa

c,

Italian war.

XXXIII.

The Prussian monarchy under Frederick the Great, with the battle-fields of

The house

The dominions

Battle-fields of the Netherlands during the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. Boundaries of Russia, Poland, and Turkey in 1713.

81.

The

85.

Europe

in

1748.

— Peace

of Aix-la-Chapelle

;

XXXIX.

Battle-fields of

in 1816 showing the division of Europe as settled by the Congress of Vienna, illustrating also the Greek, Polish, French, and Belgian revolutions, and the battle-fields of the Franco-Au>trian war of 18o9. ;

of the of the

Crimean 'War in 1854-55. Danish War in 1864.

—

Peace of Prague; showing theD* and results of the Austro-Prussian war of L866 and the North German Confederacy. in 1866.

fields

showing

especially a, The house of Bourbon in the zenith of its power (red), with its division into the French, Spanish, and Italian branches, (red with black lines.)

The

XL.

98.

The German Confederacy from 1815

99.

Europe

in 1871.

citated

100.

till

1866.

— Peace of Versailles, showing the resus-

German Empire, United Italy, etc. of the late Franco-Prussian War.

The Theatre

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX OF THE

PRINCIPAL NATIONS AND STATES. MAP

A. Acarnania. The Western district of Hellas Acheeans, The League of the) Achaia. The Northern district of Peloponnesus The Roman province of Achaia since 14b' B. c... The principality of Achaia since 1204 a. i> jEtolia. A district of Hellas, or Central Greece.. I

MAP 15 37

JEtolians, (The League of the) Africa. North-Eastern Africa and the Nile valley. During the Egyptian Ascendency Daring the Assyrian Ascendency N.E. Africa and the Seven Arms of the Nile During the times of the Four Great Powers

IS

40 62 15 37 1

3 5 7

9

11 Daring the Persian Ascendency 20 Daring the Hellenic Ascendency North-western Africa during the l'uuic wars. .28-31 At the close of the Panic wars 35 A century after the Tunic wars 86 40 During the first century A. I) 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. r> 48 Since the division of the Empire in39oA.s 4'.i About 500 •..!'. (The Vandal Empire) 52 About 7011 \ ii. (The Arabic Vscendcncv ",) About BOO a. d About 950 a. d. The Morabites) 57 During the 12th century, (Age of the Crusades) 68 North-Western Africa about 1400 v d 67 )

i

IIHI a. ii North-Easiern Africa about North-Eastern Africa about L682a.d

68 69

Portuguese discoveries in the 15th and 16th cent. North-Western Africa about 1541 1. 1> North-Western Africa during the 18th century 82, N.W. Africa in Lhi 191 century 94, '.'7,

71

1

-

Alexandria, Plan of America, Discovery of) |

7^ 85 99 is

|

71

|

The Atlantic coael ti

Tin: Dull

of N.

d States in ol

the St,

America

177::

Lawrence

in 17th

century

72 78 7

1

About 500

Anglo-Saxons.

a.

p

About 507 A. v About 700 A. l) Abou: 800 a. I). (Under Egbert).... The British Islands during the Saxon Antiochia, (Christian Principality of, Aquitania, before Caesar's Conquest

40, 50

51

period.... in 1142)..

A Koman A part . The Eastern and Western Caliphates The Arabic Empire since 1258 A. n

52 54 58 69

[originally the Wettern part of the kingdom of Pampeluna "> Navarre.) An independent kingdom since 1035 A.D

6K

51

57 58 67 7

Aragon,

The Aragonese dominion about. 1400 a. i> Aragon united with Castile since 1517 a. d Arcadia. A District of the Peloponnesus

A

Argolis.

District

of the Peloponnesus

Armenia.

07 7s 1

,.

During the Egyptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency period of the Four Great Powers... Persian Ascendency Roman Ascendency fourth and fifth centuries A. n Inn in_' the Arabic Ascendency The kingdom of Armenia in 1 100 A. D 58, The kingdom of Armenia about 1204 A. D During During During During During

the the the the the

Ascendency.

Chaldssan Ascendency

EgJ ptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency Persian Ascendency Hellenic Ascendency

5

1".

3 5 11

43

48 52 5'.i

62 1

3

5 11

2u

MAP 40 52

Roman Ascendency Arabic Ascendency

Asia during

the Chaldaean Ascendency 1 3 During the Egyptian Ascendency the 5 During Assyrian Ascendency During the period of the Four Great Powers the Persian 11 During Ascendency Greek Colonies on the Western Coast of. 13 the Hellenic 20 During Ascendency 2d the and 1st B. c 37 During century 38 During the times of Mithradates the first 40 During century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. i> Since the division of the Koman Empire in 395 48 About 500 a. D. (the Byzantine Empire) 49 52 During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a.d. (the times of Haroun-al-Rashid) 54 68 During the Age of the Crusades During (he first part of the thirteenth century 62 About 1500 A. n. (the Ottoman Empire) 68 O'.i The Ottoman Empire in its greatest extent The Mongol Empires of Gengliis-Klian and Timur 70 8 Assyria during he Egyptian Ascendency 5 During the Assyrian Ascendency 9 During the period of the Four Great Powers 11 During tin" Persian Ascendency Athens nod the Bay of Salamis, (plan of) 18 (The duchy of.) in the thirteenth century 62a 15 Attica. The South Eastern District of Hellas. ... 51 Austrasia, since 567 a.d 54 Since 813 a. d Austria. A march against the incursions of Magyars, sinoe 988 a. d. (Under the Baben'.'

i

LI

bergers until 1246 a.d.) since 1166 A. D United with Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola Under the Habsburgers since 1J82 During the sixteenth century

A German duchy

57

GO 68 1.7

78

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. M

B. Babel

1

Babylon

3, 6, 9,

One of the four great powers Persian province province of the Empire of the Seleucidas Barbarians. After the division of the Empire... About 500 a. d About 700 a. d About 800 a. d About 962 a.d Bavaria. The duchy of Bavaria about 970 a. d. About 1170 a. d., (under the Guelphs) About 1270 a.d., (under the Wittelsbachs) During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. .67, The Bavarian circle The Electorate of Bavaria 80, 82, The Electorate of Bavaria united with the Rhen-

Babylonia.

A A

10 9 11

20 48 49 52 54 57 57 6

63 78 76 85

ish Palatinate, Juliers, and Berg 87 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1809 91 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1816 94,98 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1866 97 Bavaria as part of the German Empire 99 57 Belgium, (Flanders and Brabant,) since 962 Brabant and Flanders during the 12th century.. 60 Brabant and Flanders during the loth century.. 63 Flanders (since 1383) and Brabant (since 1406) 65 part of the Burgundian dominion A part of the Burgundian circle since 1512 76 Part of the Netherlands under Charles V 78 The Spanish Netherlands since 1576 a. d 80 ,,

Belgium, or the Austrian Netherlands

The

battle-fields of

82, 85

Belgium

Part of the kingdom of the Netherlands sincel816

MAP 97

\P

Since 1526 united with Bohemia and Hungaria. 78 Nt During the Thirty Years' War 82 Daring the first part of the 18th century 85 Since 1742 (Peace of Berlin) Austria's gain from the partitions of Poland. ..88-90 Austria during the reigu of Napoleon 91 The Austrian Empire since 1816 94 Austria's position in the German Confederacy.. 98 Austria since the peace of Prague, in 1860 97 Austria in 1871 99 62 Avars, (Empire of the)

83 94

The kingdom of Belgium since 1830

A

Baeotia.

Bohemia.

A

district of Hellas, or Central

A German duchy

Greece

since 962

16 57

kingdom since 1086 hereditary kingdom since 1212 The keystone of the possessions of the house of

58

iince 1310 part of the Ilabsburg possessions since 1526. During the Thirty Years' War 82, During the eighteenth century During the nineteenth century 91, 94, 97, and Bosporus Constantinople Bourbons. Possessions about 1550

67

vassal

An

Luxemburg

A

On On On

the French throne since 1589 the French and Spanish thrones since 1713.. the French, Spanish, and Sicilian (Naples and Sicily) thrones since 1748 Kings of the Island of Sicily since 1799 Restored to their thrones since 1815 The Bourbons in 1866 (on the Spanish throne). Brandenburg. A Margraviate since 930 a.d... A Margraviate under the Ascanier, since 1130.. An Electorate under the Ascanier, since 1260... The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1373 A. D., {Under the house of Luxemburg) The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1417 A. i>. (the rlohenzollerns), (united with Ans/nich) Brandenburg since 1648. ( The Electors are also, since 1619, dukes in Prussia) Brandenburg since 1713. (The Electors are also,

tories

1748.

(The

85 99 44

78 80 82 85 91

94 97 57

60 63 67 78

80

results of the vic-

of Frederick the Great)

Brandenburg after the partition of Poland.. Brandenburg since the peace of Tilsit in 1807... Brandenburg since 1816 British Empire. See England. Brunswick. See Guelph. Bulgarian Empire about 700 a. d About 950 A. D (a Byzantine province) During the twelfth century, (independent) Burgundy. The Burgundian Emp. in 500 a. i). 49, Burgundy a part of the Merovingian Empire... The Burgundian, or Arelatiau kingdom, 950 Burgundy a part of the German empire The Burgundian Palatinate about 1230 a.d ,

78 80

82

since 1701, kings in Prussia)

Brandenburg since

63

85 87 91

94

HAP

The kingdom, duchy, and county

of

Burgundy

during the thirteenth century

63

The duchy and county of Burgundy during ihe fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

I,

The Burgundian dominion of Charles the Bold.. The French provinces of Burgundy and Kranche Comte\ (county of Burgundy The Burgundian circle of Germany The duchy ami county of Burgundy about 1550 The county of Burgundy tranche Comie) 1648.. The absorption of Franclie Comte by France.... Byzantine Empire, or Greek Empire, in 395... About 500 a. d About 700 a.d. During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a. d About 950 a. u About 1150 a. d. During the Crusades About 1204 a. d. The Latin Empire About 1400 a.d Since 1453 a. d. Conquered by the Turks 1

(

Since the division Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d Caliphate of Cordova about 950 a.d Caliphate of Cordova about 1150 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 1400 Canaan. See Holy Land.

a.

d

a. d

Carthage, (Plan of) On the eve of and during the first Punic war... At the end of the first Punic war On the eve of and during the second Punic war At the end of the second Punic war The Carthaginian territory after the Punic wars a. n Castile. A principality since United with Toledo since 1085 A.D The kingdom of Castile about 1400 The union of Castile and Aragon since 1517 A.D. Cleve. Inheritance in 1609

Constantinople and the Bosporus Corinth and the Isthmus A district of the Peloponnesus 67 Corinthia. 58 Corsica. A Carthaginian possession 60 A Roman possession since 259 e. c 51

7

65 75 7'i

78 80 82 48 49 *'!

64 67

68 62<j

68 19

c. Caledonia, or Scotland Caliphate. Before the division of 750

'.':!::

52 57 58 50

•

'

55 62 64 64 67 68 67 33

28 J

I

30 31 '

5

67 68 67 7^ 77 4

1

19 15 28

29

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. A part of the Roman province of Sardinia. .35, A Vandal province since 470 a. d

MAP

MAP

43 49 54

Tart of the patrimony of Emp. Frederick II 03 In the times of Charles the bold 65 A district of Germany about 1550 78 A province of France since 1648 75, 80, 82 90, 100 Reconquered by Germany in 1871 England, with Scotland and Ireland. Britannia under the Romans 43, 48 About 500 a. D 49, 50, 51 About 700 A. d 52 About 800 a. d 54 55 During the Saxon and Norman periods The possessions of the Plantagenets in 1100 58 The scene of the Anglo-Scotch struggle 56

36,

A Prankish province since 754 a. An Arabian possession since 850 a. n i>

A

A

possession of the German Empire since 1002 (m reality a possession of the town of Pita) possession of the Genoese since 1300 a. d. Thi Corsicans did not acknowledge the Genoese sovereignty before

A

57

58

07, etc.

1387)

possession of the French since 1708

91, etc.

D. Damascus, (Plan of the city of) Denmark. House of Swen Estritson

53

since 1042.. Under Margaretha, the last of the House of Swen Estritson, [union of Calmar between Den-

mark, Norway, and Sweden, 1397—1520)

87

Denmark united with Norway (since 1387) Denmark during the eighteenth century. ..82, Denmark 'luring the reign of Napoleon Denmark Bince 1816 Denmark during the war of 1804 Denmark since 1S04 Doris.

Dutch

58

80 85,

A small district of Hellas Republic. See Netherlands.

ST

91 '.14

90 97 15

E. Edessa, (Christian county of,) in 1142 v. n Egypt. The old Km]. in; of Egypt The new Emp. during the Egyptian Ascendency The new Emp. during the Assyrian Ascendency The Delia, with the seven arms of [he Nile Egypt one of the Pour Great Powers The Persian satrapy of Egypt since 525 n. c :•. M The Kg\|.nan Empire of the Ptolemies.. The Unman province of Egypt since 80 b. \ diocese of the Greek Empire since 895 a. i>... The Arabic province of Deshar Mesr 010 a. i>... The SyTO-Egyptian Empire of the Ayoubitee The Empire of the Mamelukes since 1251 a. i>.. < ; 1

A Turkish vassal-kingdom

since 1517

a.

Bonaparte 1 Egyptian expedition in 1799 Electorates. The seven Electorates The four Rhenish Electorates A i. The German Empire during the 12th century... In 1170 (the Hohenstaufen and the Guelphs).., During the reign of Emperor Frederick II The Franco-German boundary about ISO 64, The German Empire with the seven Electorates

82

85 91 1

07

00

45

43, 46

48 49 50 d.

61

G. Galatia, (State

In ihe time of Clovis Alter the division in 507 A. D

78 80

the

58

1

5*2

07

Conquest..

57

about 1550a. n 78 France at the accession of Louis XIV 80 France at the end of the reign of Louis XIV 82 85 France in the middle of the 18th century The E. boundary of the French republic in 1705 87 The Empire of Napoleon 1. with its vassal States 91 04 France after the Congress of Vienna 07 The Empire of Napoleon 111 99 The French republic in ST 1 The Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-71 100

5) 57

F. France,

The successive reunion of the Provinces France and the Bourbon possessions

54

15

48 40

Peace of Westphalia Peace of Utrecht Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle Peace of Scbonbrunn Congress of Vienna Peace ol Prague Peace of Versailles

MAP 52

during the Crusade against the Albigenses... France during the Anglo-French struggles France and Burgundy in the limes of Louis XI. France during the 15th century

40. 43

58

68 69

The Merovingian Empires about 700 A. n The Empire of Charlemagne and its division.... Francia, or the Duchy of France, about 950 The Kingdom of France during the 12th century The North-Eastern and Southern parts of France

61

A.

49 50

11

1

Germany divided into ten circles The four Rhenish Electorates with (Teve. Germany in the times of Charles V During the Thirty Years' War During the first half "I he sth century During the seoond half of the 18th century During the French revolution The Confederacy of the Rhine Since the Congress of Vienna The German Confederacy, 1815-1866 I

1

51 52

54 57

58 60 6

I

65 67 70 77 7* 80 82

85 s7 01

01

98

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. During and

after the Austro-Prussian German Empire in 1871

MAP 97

war

The Granada, (Mohammedan kingdom of.) about 1400 Greece, (Hellas.) During the settlement of the

99

Hellenes around and beyond the Archipelago Hellas and Peloponnesus

13 15

Greece as part of the Empire of Alexander Greece during the 2d and 1st century b. c The Roman province of Achaia since 146 B. c... Macedonia a diocese of the Greek Empire A Venetian province since 1250 A. u A province of the Byzantine Empire since 1440 The Turkish provinces of Livadia and Morea... The kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. n

20

07

87

43 48 67

68 69 94 Guelphs. About 1170. Guelphs and Ghibellines 60 63 About 1270. After the Lion's fall In 1714. On the English throne 82, 85 91 In 1810. During the reign of Napoleon 94 After the recovery of Hanover In 1816. After the absorption of Hanover In 1866. 97, 99

H. Habsburgs. The possessions in Switzerland About 1400. (Archdukes of Austria, etc.) About 1550. (In the zenith of their glory) During and after the Thirty Years' War After the extinction of the elder branch Hellas.

66 H7

78 SO 82

See Greece.

Hohenzollern. Constants,

(A

territory north of the the sources of the

and near

Lake of Neckar

and Danube.) The original seat of the race. .97, 98 Margraves of Culmbach (Anspach-Baireuth and 78 Burgravea of Nuremberg since 1170 a. d )

Margraves of Brandenburg since 1417 A. Dukes in Prussia since 1525 a. r> Margraves of Brandenburg and dukes

l)

in Prus-

since 1619 Margraves of Brandenburg and kings in Prussia since 1701 82, 85, 91, Kings of Prussia since 1807 Presidents of the North-German Confederacy... Emperors of Germany since 1871 sia

7S

78

80 87 94 97 99

Holland. See Netherlands. Holy Land, or Canaan. During the Chaldajan Ascendency During the Egyptian Ascendency

1

3

xui

MAP

5,7 During the Assyrian Ascendency The Empire of David and Solomon The kingdoms of Israel and Judah 11 During the Persian Ascendency 20 During the Hellenic Ascendency 40 During the Roman Ascendency 49 A part of the Greek Empire since 395 a. u 52 During the Arabic Ascendency 58 During the age of the Crusades The Christian States in the East about 1142 a.i>. 59 Remains of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1204.. 626 68 Part of the Empire of the Mamelukes Part of the Ottoman Empire since 1517 a. d 69 (or Hungaria.) Since the 10th century During the 12th century (the house of Arpad).. Since 1382 (the house of Luxemburg) Partly under the Turks, partly under the Habs-

Hungary,

burgers

The kingdom

of

Hungary

in

1648

57

During the second half of the 18tL century During the times of Napoleon Proud Italians hailed Napoleon as an Imperator

whom Gallic legions hud ratted upon The battle-fields of Northern Italy,

ti
During the Empire, (divided into districts) Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d About 500 a. d. (The Ostro-Gothic Empire).... ,

About 700 A. D. (The Longobardian Empire).. About 800 a. d. (The times of Charlemagne)... About 962 A. D. (The times of Otto the Great.. About 1130 a. D. (The age of the Crusades)... About 1230 a. r>. (The times of Frederick II.) During the Angevin (French) influence During the 16th century The battle-fields of the Franco-Italian wars

During the 17th century. (Spanish influence). Lombardy during the 17th century During the first half of the 18th century

MAP 85 91

58 '

United with the kingdom of Castile' since 1037.. Locris, two districts of the Peloponnesus Longobardian Empire. About 700 a. r> Lorraine, (Lotharii regnum Lotharingia.

=

One

A

I

15 52

)

of the three divisions of the (former) pire of Charlemagne since 843 duchy of the Roman Empire since 962

Em54 57

(called Brabant) and Upper 60 Lorraine (called Lorraine) since 1190 ' Lorraine (i. e., Upper Lorraine) about 1470 Lorraine under the house of Anjou 7~ The German duchy of Lorraine about 1550 80 The German duchy of Lorraine about 1648 75 Lorraine a French province since 1738 The Eastern part of Lorraine in 1871 99, 100 Luxemburg. (Situated exactly to the North of Lorraine, between the Meutt and Moselle.)

Lower Lorraine

i

The home

of the Luxemburg Emperors (marked North of Lorraine) part of the Burguudian dominion since 1483 a. D., and hence a portion of the Spanish and blue

A

(since

A

67

65

1713) Austrian Netherlands

grand-duchy, governed by the king of Holland since 1846.

Lydia. one

of the

Four Great Powers about

94 600..

9

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

XIV

HAP

M.

The

A country

Macedonia.

of Northern Greece, occupying t lie const, etc., around the NAY. corner of the JEgean Sea The kingdom of Macedonia about 323 B. c The kingdom of Macedonia since 300 b. c The Honian province of Macedonia since 148 B.C. Macedonia a diocese of tin- Bastern Kmpire Media, one of the Four Great Powers about 600

Merovingian Empire about 500 About 700

Messene,

a.

A.

D

t

lie

43 Is 9

49 62 15

1.

a district of

13 _n 37

Peloponnesus

(or tin- Milanese.) The Duchy of. About 14(i0 a. f. (Under the Visconti) About 1550. (Under the Spanish Habsburgs)... During and after the Thirty Fears' War S2. During the 18th century

Milan,

67 78 80 85

Netherlands A part of the Kmpire of Napoleon A kingdom since 1816. (Holland and Belgium). Neustria. The North-western part of the Prankish Kmpire since 567 a. n The Western part of the Kmpire of Charlemagne battle-fields of the

The country, since 912. called Normandy From source to mouth Nile. The Delta, with the seven mouths of the

Nineveh,

(I'lan of the

ingdom

The The The The

kingdom kingdom kingdom kingdom f, _:

i

.

.

ii

i

during the 1-th century. of Sicily aboul 1230 of Naples aboul 100 of .ul 1560 of Naples since 1718 i,i the Two Sicilies since 1748 of Naples in 1810 Mur.it "t Sicily

1

'

The kingdom The kingdom of the 80 Navarre, a Christian kingdom of Spain since 842 |

(

-

..

'I

a. D., [originally called

Pampeluna) Navarre during the 12th century The kingdom of Navarre aboul 100 a. d 1512 a. t>. mi ted with Castile (the i/rcutrr , Prance) 1

68 6'!

67

78 82

85 91

94

57

68 67

—

re the

Netherlands. lloll.i duchy ol Lower

patrimony of Henry IV I

I

A

part of the A part of the

rman

r

t

i>

Burgundian dominion Burgundian circle ol Germany. ...

.

The Netherlands during the 16th century l

;•

Dutch republic since

8u

157'.'

The Dutch republic during

the 18th century

... E

54

Nile...

)

4 5

During the 1 2th century United with Denmark since lo s 7

58 80

Norway and Denmark in the 18th century United with Sweden since 1815

87 '.'7

Morea, a province of the Venetian republic since 1250 a. d The principal part of the Byzantine Empire since 1410 a. d A province of the Ottoman Empire since 1460... Part of the kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. d..

Pergamus, (Kingdom of) Persia, or Persis. An Assyrian province 700 A Median province about 600 B. c

67

68 69 94 37 5 9

The Persian Ascendency about 500 B. c 11 A province of the Empire of the Seleucidoe. 300 20 The Parthian or Persian Empire since 255 B. c. 40 48, 49 During the 3d, 4th. and 5th centuries a. i> Fars, or Persia, since 636 a. b semi-dependent part of the Empire of the Caliphs (since 901 under the Soffarides) A province of the Mongol Empire since 1370 Phocis, a district of the Peloponnesus Poland. The Christian duchy of Poland since 963 under the Piasts) The kingdom of Poland during the 12th century During the 14th and 15th centuries (under the

52

A

o. Ostrogothic Empire under Theodoric

49

P. Palestina. See Hor.Y Land. Palatinate, (Rhenish.) In the 17th century. ..77. 80 In the 18th century, (with Juliers and Berg)„82, 85 ("nited with

Bavaria

87

Dpper. That part of Bavaria winch Dorth of the Danube Pampeluna. A Christian kingdom in Northern Spain since the beginning of the 10th century 109 a. n i' was called Navarre) [Sim Papal States, (755-1870.) Patrimonium Petri ill the middle of the 10th century

Palatinate,

)

i

is

1

During the 14th and 15th centurit a The I'apal States during tin* 16th century

The Papal State, during tin' 17th century The Papal States during 'le 1Mb century The I'apal Stale- Bince I81H The Patrimoni Petri I860- l^T'i, Parthia.

See Pibsi

Peloponnesus,

82

57

67

78 80 -

Dorian

i

in

I

i

of an

elected king (since 1573) 78 "i of Poland and Lithuania 1569 (Since 1386 Poland and Lithuania had been governedby //" eanu aovtrt ion, but as distinct count In the middle of the 18th century 85 The three partitions of Poland..." 88, 89, u The grand-duchy of Warsaw 91

The republics

1

The kingdom ot Poland (under Russia The Russian government of Poland (since 1863) '.'9 Pontus, (Kingdom of) 37, 68 Prussia. The home of the heathen Servians, Letts, and Goths before 1280 a. D...57, 58 of the Teutonic Order since 1230 l.D, 67

:>l

Wends,

The country

and

'.'7

I

A The

57 58 67

Jagellos)

The Polish republic under the presidency

97

v.

(Morea.)

54 70 15

!

57

settlements in the Peloponnesns 13 The seven divisions of the Peloponnesus 15 Dunns the times of the Ichsaan Confederacy... .17 16 n. c... The Roman province of Ichaia -it 43 'I'ln- Bastern diocese of Macedonia Bince 896 a. i> 48 The pi sal state of the ipalitl Latin Empire) since [204 a. d 62a i,

57 65 76 7*

51

1

,

78 75

94

55

Norway.

N. Naples. (Sicily, or the Two Sioil A province of the Ostro-Gothic Kmpire (500)... 49 A province of the Longobardian Empire (700).. 52 A province of the Byzantine Empire (800) 54, 57

Ruins of

MAP 83 91

of Poland ruled by the younger Hohenzollern since 1526 \. d... A vassal duchy nf Poland ruled by the Elector of Brandenburg since 1618 a. n. elder

vassal

branch

duchy

of the

78

(The

branch of

the

Hohenzollernt, and, as such,

leijal

80 younger line) A sovereign kingdom, ruled by the Elector of 82, B5 Brandenburg -nice 1701 a d Prussia after the partition of Polaud 87 linrs t" the

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. MAP

The The The The

Prussian Prussian Prussian Prussian

monarchy since 1807 monarchy since 1816 monarchy since 1866 monarchy since 1871

Pyramids, (The

91

94 '.'7

99 2

Fit-Id of the)

vicinity of Rome. (Ager Romanus). Beginnings of Rome about 750 b. c Beginnings of Rome about 550 B. c The consolidated dominion of Rome during the Hellenic Ascendency about 300 b. c Home during the First Punic war Rome at the end of the First Punic war Rome during the Second Punic war Rome at lie end of the Second Punic war The Roman dominion at the close of the Punic wars The Roman dominion a century after the close of the Punic wars The Eastern part of the Roman dominion during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ t

The Roman Ascendency The Roman Empire until 395 a. d Division and subdivision of the Roman Empire. 41

Russia under Valadimer the Great, about 980 a.d. The grand-duchy of Valadimer under the descendants of his twelve sons The conquest of Russia by the Golden Horde... Russia during the 17th century Russia towards the end of the 18th century The acquisitions of Russia by the partitions of Poland 88, 89, Rus-ia during the times of Napoleon Russia since 1816 94, 97,

s. Sardinia, a Carthaginian possession

A Roman A Vandal

21 5 1

1

20 28 29

30 31

78

part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1748.... of Sardinia since 1798 a. d A part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1810.... A put of the kingdom of Italy since 1860 97, Savoy. The duchy of Savoy about 1400 a. d The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1550 The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1648 Savoy with Piedmont and Sicily since 1713 Savoy with Piedmont and Sardinia since 1748.. The kingdom of Sardinia since 1798 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1816 The kingdom of Italy in 1866

85 91

94

99 67

78 80 82 85 91

94

The kingdom

97 99

36

Settlements of the Saxons about 700

49 50 52

37 40 43 48

The duchy of Saxony in 960. The Billungs The duchy of Saxony in 1170. The Guelphs... The Electorate of Saxony in 1422. The Wettius The Upper and Lower Saxon circles Saxony since 1547. The Wettins (younger branch) Saxony since 1697. (The Electors also kings of

57 60 67 76

57

Poland) The Electorate of Saxony since 1763

85

58 70

The kingdom

Sir

The kingdom of Saxony since 1816 Saxony since 1866 Saxony in 1S71 (part of the German Empire).

35

4.'

87

90 91

99

20, 28

province (with Corsica) since 237 B.C. province since 468 a. 11 A Byzantine possession about 800 A. ti An Arabian possession since 853 a. d A possession of the German Empire since 1022 (In reality, a possession of the town of 1'isa)....

M*P 63 07

82

1713

A

Rome. The

(Plan of)

A A A

of Sardinia since 1104 a. d part of the Aragonese monarchy since 1324 part of the Empire of Charles V. since 1516 part of the Empire of the Habsburgs since

The kingdom

R.

Rome,

The kingdom

3(1 4'.l ."il

57

58

of Italy in 1871 Saxony. Settlements of the Saxons about 500 Tin* Saxons during the reign of Clovis

of

Saxony since 1807.

a.

d

."82,

80

87

(The king

of Saxony also duke of Warsaw)

91

94 97

99 55

Scotia, or Ireland 20 Seleucidse, (Empire of) Servia. Since 638 a. d. A principality semi-de54 pendent on the Byzantine Empire 57 Since 1018 a. d. A Byzantine province Since 1195 a.d. An independent kingdom. ..58, 62a Since 1389 a. d. A principality semi-dependent on the Ottoman Empire 67, 68 69 Since 1459 a. n. An Ottoman province Since 1817 a.d. An hereditary principality semi97, 99 dependent on the Ottoman Empire 5 Sicily. Colouizedby the Phoenicians in the West

HAP

Colonized by the Greeks in the East During the first Punic war A Roman province since 240 B. c After the destruction of the Roman Empire First Arabic conquest since 664 a. d A Byzantine province until 880 a. d

9.

1

:

2* 30, etc.

A

province of the Western Caliphate since 965 United with Apulia forming the Norman king-

49 52 54 54

dom

of Sicily since 1 130 a. i> 68 of the Hohenstaufen since 1191... A province of Aragonese monarchy since 1282 57, A possession of the Sp. Babsburgs since L516 78 A possession of the house of Savoy since 1713... 82 United with Naples forming the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies since 1816 91 The Bourbon kingdom of Sicily since 1798 United with Naples forming the Bourbon king91 dom of the Two Sicilies A province of the kingdom of Italy since 1 86(1... 9 7. 99 Spanish Peninsula. During the Punic wars...28-30 After the Punic wars 31, 3.j, 36 During the 1st century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. d 4s Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d

The kingdom

>.

I

The Visi-Gothic Empire about 500 a. d The Arabic conquest since 713 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d The rise of the Christian kingdoms (950) During the Age of the Crusades About 1400 a.d., (before the union of Aragon

I

49 -

G

I

57 58 67

and Castile) of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries During the reign of Emperor Charles V During the 17th century During the reign of Philip V., (the first of the

The discoveries

Spanish Bourbons) During the times of Napoleon Spain after the Congress of Vienna Spain and Portugal in 1866 Spain and Portugal in I81 1 Sparta and its neighborhood, (Plan of) Susa, (Plan of the Ruins of)

in the zenith of its glorv)

7~ '

'

85 91 '-'I

97 '•'

''

16 12

58

Sweden.

During the 12th century Since the peace of Westphalia in 1648,

71

Sweden 80

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

XVI

MAP

MAP

Since the pence of Nystadt in 1721, (the loss of the Baltic provinces) Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, (united with Norway.) (Finland had been conquered by Russia in 1809) Switzerland. Central Switzerland the scene of the Swiss struggle against Habsburg Western Switzerland the scene of the Swiss

Turkey, (Ottoman Empire.) 87

97

GO

67 struggle against Burgundy Switzerland during the 16th century (a part of 78 the German Empire) Tin- independent republic of Switzerland (with 80 Wallis and Valtellinaj since 1648 The independent republic of Switzerland dur91-99 ing the 19th century 34 Syracuse, (l'lan of the city and harbors of J

T. of the city and harbor of) the ruins of Egyptian) Plan 01 the Greek town of) Thessaly, (The S.E. division of N. Greece)

27 3 la

(

I

18

Thrace, (To the north

Troy,

I

The Field of)

13 n. c.

11

43 59

H

62

68 69 78

85 91

94 97

99

u. in

73

1783

V. Valtellina. From 1512 till part of Switzerland (the upper valley of

1797 the South-eastern the

Vandal Empire.

About 500

a.

d

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The Morea, although

in reality

Venetian,

a.

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67

Venetian Venetian Venetian Venetian

dominion about 1515 A. D dominion about 1550 a. d dom during the 17th century. ..80, dom. during the 18lh century ...82,

of.)

Elder or Ernestine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1422

67

Dukes

of Saxony since 1547. Younger or Albertine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1547 Electors of Saxony and kings in Poland since

80

82, 85

1697

Electors of Saxony since 1763 Kings of Saxony and Dukes of Warsaw since 1807 Kings of Saxony since 1815 Prussian vassal-kings since 1866 97, Wittelsbach, (The House of ) Dukes of Bavaria since 1180 Dukesof Bavaria and Count-Palatines since 1215 Dukes of Bavaria and Elector-Palatines since

87 91 94

99 63

63 07 67

The elderbranchEleetor-Palatines(1294-1799) 77, 82 The younger branch Dukes of Bavaria since 1294

78,82

The younger branch Electors

was

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The The The The

Wettin, (The House

1270

80 49

Adda)

Tarentum, (Plan Thebes, l'lan of

of the .Egean Sea) A satrapy of the Persian Empire since 60S A Roman province since 47 a. i> Tripolis. (Christian kingdom of, in 1162)

pire of Iconium in the 13th century Ottoman Empire in the 15th century 0. Empire in its greatest extent in 1682 N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1550... N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1748.. N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1795.... Turkish Empire in Europe since 1829 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1866 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1870

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