A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents (Cambridge Library Collection - History) (Volume 2)

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A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents This 1909 work forms a second supplement to Hall’s Studies in English Official Historical Documents. It gives examples of a wide range of English ministerial and judicial documents from the ninth to the seventeenth centuries. These are arranged according to type and purpose, the majority in Latin. The intention is to assist the user of such archival materials, by familiarising them with the format and language used in each kind of document, and explaining why and how they were written. The 80 transcriptions were made by palaeography students at the London School of Economics, and classified and edited with extensive notes by Mr Hall. They are not literal transcriptions, as contractions have been expanded, and the punctuation and capitalisation modernised. To save space standard formulas have not been repeated each time. Despite the lack of any illustrations of originals, the book filled a need long felt by students of history.

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A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents Volume 2: Mi n isterial and Judicial R ec ords E dited by Hubert Hall

C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R SI T Y P R E S S Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108010238 © in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010 This edition first published 1909 This digitally printed version 2010 ISBN 978-1-108-01023-8 Paperback This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated. Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.

FORMULA BOOK OF

MINISTERIAL AND JUDICIAL RECORDS

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS lonfiDlt: FETTER LANE, E.C. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER

100, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. lUipjtjj: F. A. BROCKHAUS &tia ffiotfc: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Bombag atrt Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., L T D .

All rights reserved

A FORMULA BOOK OF ENGLISH OFFICIAL HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS PART II

MINISTERIAL AND JUDICIAL RECORDS SELECTED AND TRANSCRIBED BY A SEMINAR OF THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

EDITED BY

HUBERT HALL, F.S.A. OF H.M. PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE READER IN PALEOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

CAMBRIDGE : AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1909

Cambrtfige: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

PREFACE

T

HE objects and plan of this work, together with the methods of investigation pursued by the transcribers and Editor, have been sufficiently explained in the Preface to Part I, and the nature of the documents selected for the purpose of the present volume is briefly stated in the introductions to the several sections. It is only necessary therefore to make a few general observations here on either subject. In the first place, it should be remembered that the ministerial and judicial Records which now occupy our attention instead of Charters, Writs and Letters, have not usually been considered worthy of a " diplomatic " examination. When, however, such an examination is applied, even in the slight degree that has been attempted here, the familiar Record assumes in many cases a very different character from that in which it has hitherto been regarded by the historical student. But it was not enough to have merely indicated a method of investigation. Some attempt to carry it out on a connected plan had to be made, although the undertaking was known to be beset with many difficulties. The unrecognized character of this branch of diplomatic study must furnish some excuse for the obvious artificiality of the design of this compilation. Its limitations also are considerable owing to the fact that the evolution of judicial procedure is a subject that still occupies the anxious attention of legal scholars and scarcely permits of trivial discussion for the information of lay students, especially as numerous formulas are given in classical editions as well as in recent histories of English Law. Under these circumstances it has seemed desirable to leave this professional subject to be dealt with on some later occasion. In the meantime, however, students of constitutional history and law will find many interesting formulas amongst the documents included in the present volume. They will also find, in an Appendix, three

vi

Preface

documents which have been carefully selected to illustrate the course of the actual procedure in certain forms of action and which are, in point of arrangement, of a novel and instructive character. It must once more be clearly pointed out that the personal or local interest of the documents themselves is not material to the objects of the compilation. At the same time considerable pains have been taken to present specimens of historical and constitutional value, with what success must be ascertained from the Table of Contents. Efforts have also been made to facilitate the perusal of the texts by means of modern punctuation, whilst certain combinations of Old French words have been indicated by apostrophes. It must be admitted, however, that the difficulties in the way of securing uniformity in respect of conventional extensions and mediaeval orthography have proved almost insuperable, whilst the practice of the mediaeval scribes themselves herein is notoriously irregular. This circumstance has prevented any consistent rendering of such letters as c and t; but it will be noticed that in the present volume the accented e (in imitation of the "tagged e" of a more conscientious generation of mediaeval scribes) has been abandoned in deference to friendly criticism, whilst purely conventional forms like " Oxonia " have been tolerated for the same reason. The same students of the Seminar, promoted by the Committee of the Advanced Historical Teaching (London) Fund, have taken part in the transcription of the texts of the Second Part of the Formula Book. They join with the Editor in expressing their sincere appreciation of the kind interest and assistance in their labours that they have experienced at the hands of the authorities of the Archives and of the London School of Economics with which the Committee for Advanced Historical Teaching has cooperated. They have also to express their sincere thanks to Mr C. Johnson of the Public Record Office for reading the Proofs, and to the Officials and Reader of the University Press for invaluable assistance. H. H. September, 1909.

TABLE OF CONTENTS I.

MINISTERIAL

PROCEEDINGS.

A. ROYAL SURVEYS, INQUISITIONS AND ASSESSMENTS. (a)

AGRARIAN SURVEYS. PAGES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Precept of Charles the Great for Surveys of the Imperial Villas to be made in every year (812) Formula of an Imperial Survey (812) Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901-8) Extent (Hidage) of the Abbey of Burton (1004) . . . . Official Description of Whittlesea-mere (1022) . . . . Survey of the Manors of the Church of Peterborough (c. 1125) . Survey of the Manors of the Priory of Christchurch, Canterbury

(1211) Extent {Valor) of a Manor in the King's hands (c. 1250) . . Survey of the Manor of Ospringe (c. 1240) Extenta Manerii (?temp. Edward I) Survey of the Manor of Pishobury (1296) Survey of Commons in Holkham (1584) Account, Inventory and Lease of the Manor of Tilshead, forfeited by the Alien Priory of Holy Trinity, Caen (1298-9) . . . {b)

3, 6 3, 6 3, 7 4, 7 4, 9 4, 10

4, 10 4, n 4, 11 5, 13 5, 14 5, 17 5, 19

FISCAL INQUISITIONS.

(i) Assessments on the Hide and Plough. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Precept of Charles the Great for an Inquisition of Beneficia and Formula of the Survey of a Royal Monastery (812) . . The Domesday Inquest: Domesday Book and its 'Satellites' (c. 1086) Geld Inquests (c. 1066-1084) Exchequer Breviates of Domesday Book (i2th-i3th cent.) . . Hidage Books (nth-i2th cent.)

22, 23 22, 24 22, 27 22, 28 22,28

viii

Contents PAGES

19. 20. 21.

The Winton Book (temp. Henry I) Inquisitions for Carucage (1198-1220) Local Assessments (1273)

22, 31 23, 32 23, 34

(ii) Assessments on the Knight's Fee. 22.

Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Bishop of Bayeux (temp. Henry I) 23. Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Honour of Arundel (temp. Henry I or II) 24. Inquisition of Knight's Service (1166) 25. Inquisition of Military Tenures (1212) 26. Inquisition for Assessment of the Aid of 1235 . . . . 27. Inquisition for Assessment of the Subsidy of 1431 . . .

36 36, 38 36,38 36, 39 36, 40 36, 41

(iii) Assessments on the Value of Property. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

Procedure for the Collection of a Subsidy of a Ninth (1297) . The Manipulation of a Parliamentary Subsidy by the Crown (i3°i-4) The Nomina Villarum (1316) The Taxatio Pape Nicholai (1291-1318) The Inquisitiones Nonarum (1341) The Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535) (c)

34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

43, 44 43,48 43, 54 43, 55 43, 58 44, 62

FEUDAL INQUISITIONS.

The 'Worcester Relief (c. 1095) The Rotulus de Dominabus (1185) Formular for Escheators (1259) Inquisition Post Mortem (1270) Inquisition Que plura, post mortem (1565) Inquisition for 'Proof of A g e ' (1251) Certificate of Homage taken (1424) Inquisition on taking the Veil (1383-4) Assignments of Dower (1391-2) Distraint of Knighthood (1293) Composition for Knighthood (1632) Summons of Knights to attend the Court (1293) . Inquisition as to the duties of a Serjeanty (1247) Regard of the Forest (temp. Henry I I I ) Inquisition of Non compos mentis (1271) Inquisition De Lunatico inquirendo (1694) Inquisition Ad quod Dampnum (1241) Inquisition Ad quod Nocumentum (1252) . .

. .

. .

. .

.

.

68,69 68,70 68, 70 68, 71 68, 72 68,73 68, 74 69, 74 69, 76 69, 77 69, 79 69, 81 69, 82 69, 83 69, 86 69, 87 69, 89 69, 89

Contents

ix

B. ROYAL ACCOUNTS. PAGES

52. 53. 54. 55.

Documents connected with the passing of an Account at the Exchequer in the 12th century Documents connected with the Account of the Bailiff of the Queen's 'Liberty'of Feckenham (1368-69) Documents connected with the Account of the King's Chamberlain for Wines (1253-54) Documents connected with the Accounts of the Hanaper of the Chancery (1358-1844)

93,99 94,102 97, n o 97, 115

II. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. C. POLITICAL OR STATUTORY INQUISITIONS. (i) Administrative or Remedial Inquisitions. 56. 57. 58. 59.

The Inquest of Sheriffs (1170) The Hundred Rolls (1255-1279) and complementary Records 'Kirkby's Quest' (1284-5) Instruments connected with the 'Trial of the Pyx' (1660) .

(ii)

. .

126, 133 126, 135 128,148 129, 153

Confiscatory or Punitive Inquisitions.

6 0 . T h e T e r r e N o r m a n n o r u m e tB r i t o n u m ( 1 2 3 5 ) . . . 61. Inquisitions of Grievances ordained by the Provisions of Oxford (1258) 62. Inquisition De Rebellibus (1265-66) 63. The Trial of the Judges (1289-93) 64. Inquisitions of Templars' Corrodies (1309) 65. Inquisitions of Contrariants' Lands (1322) 66. Extents of Aliens' Possessions (1295) 67. Proceedings under the Statute of Labourers (1355) . . • 68. Inquisitions of Depopulation (1517-18)

.

129, 159

130, 159 130, 163 130,167 131, 168 131, 171 131, 173 131, 174 131, 178

D. JUDICIAL INQUISITIONS. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.

The Chapters of the Eyre (12th cent.) The Old and New Chapters (13th cent.) Presentments in a Fiscal Eyre (1218) Special Commission as to the observance of the Statutes (1300) Inquisition concerning the liberties pertaining to a Serjeanty (1251) Inquisition and Pleadings thereon (1194) Proceedings connected with the Robbery of the Treasury (1303) A Coroner's inquest on a corpse (1524) Inquisition De odio et atia (1246)

192, 193 192, 194 192, 202 192, 203 193, 205 193, 207 193, 207 193,208 193, 209

x

Contents PAGES

78. 79. 80.

Inquisition De medietate concerning a Jewish 'Starr' (1283) . Proceedings in the Manor Court of Ospringe (c. 1240) . . Inquisition before the Queen-Dowager's Steward at Oxford (1334)

193, 209 193, 210 I93,2ii

APPENDIX. 1. The Record of an Action for Trespass by Bill of Middlesex (1412)

2. 3.

The Record of an Assize of Novel Disseisin (1402) . . . The Record of Actions upon the Writ of Pracipe in capite and the Writ of Right, with further proceedings by the Grand Assize (1237-44)

213,214

213, 217

214, 222

I. MINISTERIAL PROCEEDINGS A.

ROYAL SURVEYS, INQUISITIONS AND ASSESSMENTS

T H E very miscellaneous collection of official documents that have been grouped for the purpose of diplomatic study under the above heading will be found to follow, more or less closely, a general plan of official procedure. In the first place, we should expect to find an ' originating writ' in the shape of a royal precept, but this is often wanting in early documents or is replaced by a historical narrative or by an official heading. In some cases, such as inquisitions ex officio and judicial presentments, the Return is made without a special precept. Secondly, there should be found, as an Appendix or schedule to the Writ, certain directions for the enquiry which in later times were given in the shape of 'Articles' or 'Chapters' (No. 57), but which may be compendiously expressed in a Forma Inquisitionis (No. 15 (6)) or recited in a mere preamble (No. 19). In other cases, however, these instructions are given seriatim in the Writ itself (No. 41). This should also contain a direction as to the date and place of delivery of the Return, and a memorandum of execution was in later times more frequently endorsed upon the Writ by the returning officer with a description of the form and extent of the accompanying Return ' in the Schedule'(No. 27). This Return, the third feature of an Inquisition, represents the verdict, recognition, or presentment of the Jurors whose names should form part of the ' Record.' Naturally the latter was of varying aspect and bulk, and it is known by various titles according to the subject of the Writ. For the purpose of the present compilation, however, these Records have been classified according to their Constitutional or Economic characteristics. Moreover an attempt has been made in at least one of the following sections to show the connexion of the actual Returns (which have usually been regarded as isolated Records) with related documents. In this way the student will be enabled to realize both the initial Ministerial H. F. II.

I

2

Select Formulas of

Proceedings connected with individual cases and the sequel in the shape usually of Judicial Proceedings or even of a mere Statement of Account. It will be easily realized that the arrangement of the following documents is intended to follow the broad outlines of the development of feudal taxation from the primitive theory of a royal revenue derived from the proceeds of royal estates, through the successive devices of the assessment of hides and ploughs and knights' fees, to the more scientific and general levy in the shape of a land tax and property tax based upon a tithe or other poundage. But the royal Inquisition itself may also be made to serve other ministerial purposes which cannot always be clearly distinguished from the well-known aspect of the 'original writ' as a judicial agency. Thus we have to deal with a large group of feudal inquisitions of a legal or constitutional character; and we must find a place, in this section, for the most extensive and, in some respects, the most important class of ministerial Records—the Accounts of the Exchequer,—a continuous series of official documents that reaches from the middle of the 12th century to the middle of the 19th. (a)

AGRARIAN SURVEYS

In spite of any variation in the constitutional and economic conditions which affected the Anglo-Saxon and the Frankish agrarian systems respectively, we might reasonably have expected to find some traces of a periodical agrimensuration in connexion with the administration of the royal domains in this country before the n t h century. The failure to make any such discovery is possibly due to the non-survival of a collection of Old English royal archives, for the muniments actually preserved by certain churches do not afford any precise information on this point. Even the Anglo-Saxon law-books that were so carefully reconstructed during the AngloNorman period have not appended any formulas analogous to those which have survived amongst the Frankish capitularies. At the same time a few monastic surveys in the nature of statepapers may be found before the Norman Conquest, and one of these (No. 3)1 is clearly of the conventional agrarian type seen in the Frankish capitularies and reproduced in Anglo-Norman revenue-rolls or fiscal inquisitions (Nos. 52 and 15 (3)). But, although we can 1 This Beddington Survey has been universally accepted as an authentic document though it should be noticed that neither the source nor the form are beyond suspicion.

Agrarian Surveys

3

recognize the conventional formulas of an inventory of crops and stock in English Exchequer records of the late n t h and 12th centuries, it is only with the series of'Royal Extents' in the 13th century (No. 11) that we find a complete parallel to the survey of a Frankish imperial villa under the Carolingian dynasty, and the corresponding official formulas are found only amongst the Edwardian statutes' of uncertain date'(No. 10). The earliest documentary specimens printed here are therefore of a somewhat miscellaneous and disconnected character. The Writ enjoining the survey is not always forthcoming, nor are a Form or Articles of Inquisition necessarily found, the existing document being frequently in the form of an isolated Return. Finally it is important to remember that a close connexion naturally exists between the Agrarian Survey and the Fiscal Inquisition or the Account. Such a connexion may also be found to exist in the case of Feudal or Political Inquisitions in which the state of the agrarian economy is a special subject of enquiry1. 1 and 2. Capitulare de Villis (807).—Chapter 62 of this wellknown ordinance of Charles the Great contains an interesting ' form of inquisition' for the survey of the imperial villas. It is not clear whether the formula of a hypothetical survey that follows is actually connected with the above precept, but in any case the group of formulas from which it has been selected possesses an independent value. This survey is closely related to an inquisition printed below (No. 14), but we are concerned here with the agrarian aspect of the subject. The striking resemblance between this inventory of stock and those met with in English 12th and 13th century Accounts (No. 52) will be easily noticed. 3. Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901—8).—Apart from the vexed question of the authenticity of the Winchester Cartulary, it is evident that the diplomatic composition of this charter is open to suspicion in its Latin form. On the other hand, the Anglo-Saxon version preserves a preferable reading of the stock entry, and if the document is to be accepted as a contemporary transaction this may perhaps be the true form. This Old English version should also be compared in respect of the description of the stock and crops with the 12th century Account for the bishopric of Lincoln printed below 1

Many of the Agrarian Surveys have now been thrown out from the official collection of Inquisitions Post Mortem to form series of ' Ancient Extents' and ' Miscellaneous Inquisitions.' I

2

4

Select Formulas of

(No. 52 (c)), and with the early 13th century Account Rolls of the church of Winchester itself (No. 52 (a)). 4. Extent and Hidage (Offlow Hundred) of Burton Abbey (1004). —A later Burton hidage list will be referred to in another connexion (No. 18 (a)), but here attention need only be called to the royal promulgation of the alleged extent of the estates of the Abbey as conveyed by its benefactor's will. A survey of land in these primitive terms may be regarded as in keeping with the system of' hidation ' in this period1. 5. Survey of Whittlesea-mere (1022).—This ' Charter' is another official promulgation of the extent of the holding of a religious house and may be regarded as an interesting local variant of the conventional Anglo-Saxon Extent. It will be seen from other local inquisitions (Nos. 15 (c) and 53) that the value of such fisheries was considerable. 6. The Peterborough Survey (c. 1125).—Reference should be made to Mr Stapleton's edition for the circumstances under which this Extent was made. It may be compared also with the earlier Prankish surveys on the one hand, and with the Christchurch survey of nearly a century later on the other. It will be gathered from Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 13 that it was usual for an Extent and Inventory of stock to be prepared on the occasion of an escheated estate being committed to the custody of a minister of the Crown or even of an exchange or lease effected by a subject. 7. The Canterbury Survey (1211).—This Inquisition should be compared with the preceding document (No. 6), and both are closely connected with the feudal inquests which combine an agrarian Extent with a statement as to feudal liabilities (Nos. 35 and 36). It is of interest on account of its early date and the archaic form of the enquiry. 8. An Extent to ascertain the Valor (c. 1250).—This is the simplest form of an agrarian Survey, although it may be regarded as an exceptional expedient which was more frequently resorted to in later times for feudal purposes. 9. The Ospringe Extents (c. 1240).—These interesting Extents have apparently been preserved by being accidentally copied into the Testa de Nevill. The originating Writs have not been traced, but the 1

Cf. Mr W. J. Corbett in Transactions R. Hist. Soc, N.S. xiv. 187 sq.

Agrarian Surveys

5

inquisitions were evidently connected with some local manorial enquiry in the middle of the reign of Henry III. The judicial aspect of these inquisitions is the subject of a separate document (No. 79), from which it would appear that the enquiry was made by means of Articles which were apparently administered to the jurors in the manor court. This procedure is of interest as an anticipation of the conventional or statutory Articles issued at a later date (Nos. 10 and 36 ; cf. also No. 57). 10. Extenta Manerii.—This reputed Statute is well-known as a mediaeval agrarian Formular and affords an instructive comparison with the Carolingian models previously referred to (Nos. 2 and 14). It should be further compared with the Formular for royal Escheats preserved in the Annals of Burton (No. 36). An example of an Extent made on these conventional lines will be seen in the case of the document immediately following (No. 11). Reference may also be made to the conventional forms of an agrarian Account (No. 52), and Stock-lease (No. 13 (b)), showing the several assets of the manorial economy (cf. also No. 62). 11. Extent of the Manor of Pishobury (1296).—This may be regarded as a typical agrarian Survey, including a separate Return as to the state of the buildings and the stock found at a certain date. An interesting memorandum made at the Exchequer is appended to the Record, describing the circumstances under which this manor was committed to the custody of a royal keeper. 12. Survey of Holkham Commons (1584).—This 'Special Commission' is one of a type commonly found in the 16th and 17th centuries, and it may possibly have served a political object akin to that of the Tudor and Stuart inquisitions relating to inclosures (No. 68). Mr H. Gray of Harvard University has kindly identified this Survey with an original plan still preserved at Holkham {Report of Hist. MSS. Coin., Var. Coll. IV. 321). The preparation of a plan in connexion with a royal survey is a special feature of these Records in the 16th and 17th centuries. 13. Extent and Stock-lease of an English farm by an Alien Priory (1298-9).—Several interesting Extents of lands in England are preserved with the muniments of continental monasteries. In the present case the foreign archives actually supply particulars respecting a certain manor which were purposely omitted in the contemporary Extent among the English Records owing to the fact that it was let to farm.

6

Select Formulas of

1. Precept of Charles the Great for Surveys of the Imperial Villas to be made in every year. (812.) [Capitulare de Villis, c. 62.] Ut unusquisque judex per singulos annos ex omni conlaboratione nostra, quam cum bubus quos bubulci nostri servant, quid de mansis qui arare debent, quid de sogalibus, quid de censis, quid de fida facta, vel freda, quid de feraminibus in forestis nostris sine nostro permisso captis, quid de diversis conpositionibus ; quid de molinis, quid de forestibus, quid de campis, quid de pontibus vel navibus; quid de liberis hominibus et centenis qui partibus fisci nostri deserviunt; quid de mercatis ; quid de vineis; quid de illis qui vinum solvunt ; quid de feno; quid de lignariis, et faculis; quid de axilis, vel aliud materiamen; quid de proterariis; quid de leguminibus; quid de milio, et panigo; quid de lana, lino, vel canava; quid de frugibus arborum; quid de nucibus, majoribus vel minoribus; quid de insitis ex diversis arboribus; quid de hortis; quid de napibus; quid de wiwariis; quid de coriis; quid de pellibus; quid de cornibus; quid de melle et cera; quid de uncto, et sui, vel sapone; quid de morato, vino cocto, medo, et aceto ; quid de cervisa; de vino novo et vetere ; de annona nova et vetere; quid de pullis et ovis, vel anseribus, id est aucas; quid de piscatoribus; de fabris ; de scutariis, vel sutoribus; quid de huticis, et confinis, id est scriniis ; quid de tornatoribus, vel sellariis ; de ferrariis et scrobis, id est fossis ferrariciis, vel aliis fossis plumbariciis; quid de tributariis; quid de poledris, et pultrellis, habuerint—omnia seposita, distincta et ordinata—ad Nativitatem Domini nobis notum faciant; ut scire valeamus quid vel quantum de singulis rebus habeamus. [Pertz: Monumenta Germaniae, Leges (1835) /. / / . 185-6.] 2. Formula of an Imperial Survey (812).—[Beneficiorum fiscorumque regalium describendorum Formulae1.] Invenimus in illo fisco dominico, casam regalem cum cameris 2, totidemque caminatis, cellarium 1, porticus 2, curticulam interclusam...infra cameras 2,...mansiones feminarum 3: capellam...alias intra curtem casas ligneas 2, spicaria 4: horrea 2, stabolum 1, coquinam 1, pistrinum i,curtem...desuper solaria lectum paratum [etc.] Utensilia : concas aereas [etc.] Conlaboratu : spelta vetus de anno praeterito corbes 20, quae possunt fieri farina pensas 100. Praesenti anno fuerunt de spelta corbes 20; seminavit ex ipsis corbes 10, reliqua repperimus. Sigilis modios 160; seminavit 100, reliqua repperimus. Ordeo modios 450; seminavit 300, reliqua repperimus. A vena modios 200, seminavit totidem. Lardum vetus ; de praeterito anno baccones 60; novello de nutrimine baccones 50, cum minucia et unctis; de censu baccones 15, cum minucia et unctis. Sunt simul baccones tantos. 1 The description of the buildings and furniture, etc., has been abbreviated as well as the latter portion of the stock account.

Agrarian Surveys

7

De peculio. Jumenta majora, capita 44; putrellas trimas 10, bimas 12, anniculos 15, poledros bimos 7, emissarios vel burdones 2, boves 24, vaccas cum vitulis 6, alia animalia 5, porcos majores 90, minores 70, vervices cum agnis 150, anniculos 200, multones 8, capras cum hedis 20, anniculos 16, hircos 5, aucas 10. Haec est summa de supradictis villis. Sunt in summa: spelta vetus de praeterito anno corbes tantos, unde possunt fieri de farina pensas tantas; frumentum vetus; et sic de ceteris omnibus, praeteritis et praesentibus vel reliquis, numerabis. [Monumenta Germaniae, Leges (1835) / . / / . 179, 180.] 3. Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901—8). In nomine Domini. Ego Denewulfus episcopus indico Edwardo regi, domino meo, de terra ilia Beaddinctun de qua egisti apud me ut ego earn tibi commodarem. Unde, mi care, nunc a conventu Wintonie optinui, et apud seniores et apud juniores, quod ipsi bono favore concedunt michi ut earn tibi per cartam tradam quamdiu vixeris, sive ad possidendum sive ad commodandum, alteri cuicunque tibi magis placuerit. Hujus terre sunt lxx hide et est modo tota bene procurata; que quando dominus meus michi earn tradidit omni peccunia caruit et pauperibus hominibus erat destitutum. Tune ego ipse peccuniam in ea reparare studui: unde interim pauperes vixerunt, et nunc nos earn tibi libenter concedimus. Set nunc familia ipsa expetit te ut, post dies tuos, loco suo iterum restituatur. Modo habetur ibi pecunia, quantum pro hyeme residuum fuit, ix veteres boves, et iiij, et exj, veteres porci, et L arietes, preter jus porcorum quos porcarii debent habere, et xx bacones. Non fuit ibi frumenti quid, nisi quantulum fuit preparatum ad firmam episcopi. Sunt autem ibi xc acre seminate. Nunc vero rogamus. [A n obsecration follows in an Epistolary style.] [Add. MS. 15,350, fo. 96 b(C. S. 618).] 4. Extent {Hidage) of the A bbey of Burton. (a) Confirmation by King Aithelred II of the will of Wulfric Spot (1004). Postquam malesuada veneniferi serpentis [etc.] Ego ^Ethelred rex Anglorum offero ipso Domino nostro Jhesu Christo libertatem monasterii cujusdam, vulgari usu aet Byrtun appellatur (sic), ut sit semper, cum omnibus que sibi subjacent villulis, prediis, campis, silvis, pratis, pascuis, aquarum decursibus, piscationum hostiis et cunctis necessitatis humane utensilibus, eterna securitate liberrimum ; ut illud nobilis progeniei minister Wlfric extruxit et exstru[ctum] collegio

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instituit monachico, dominium loci et in eo habitantium mee regali committens dominationi.... Hec autem sunt nomina villarum que prefatus minister ipsi sancto devotissime subegit monasterio. ^Erest Byrtun [as in (&)]. Scripta siquidem est [etc.] anno incarnatione Christi millesimo iiijt0 [etc\ Horum testimonio [etc.]. (b) The Will of Wulfric Spot. In nomine Domini. Her swutelath Wulfric his hleofan hlaforde his cwyde And thys synd tha land the ic geann into Byrtune: th[aet] is aerest Byrtun the th[a] mynster onstent & Straettun [etc.] aet thaere Wic & Waededun, & th[a] lyttle land the ic ah on other Niwantune [etc.] & th[a] aet Scengtune [etc.] twegre manna daeg, ealswa tha foreword sprecath, & Deorlafestun & th[a] thaerto hereth, th[aet] is Rudegeard & min lyttle land on Cotewaltune & Lege, mid eallon tham the thaerto hereth, ac ofre mid tham thaerto hereth, th[aet] is Hilum [etc.], & th[a] heregeat land aet Suthtune [etc.], & eall seo socna the thaerto hereth, & th[a] land thyderinn aet Willesleage [etc.] into Mortune, & th[a] aet Tathawyllan, & th[a] land aet ^Eppebbyg, the ic gebohte mid minum feo, & th[a] aet Westune & Burhtun & seo hid aet Scearnforda into Wiggestane, and th[a] aet Hereburgebyrig [etc.] & an hida aet Sceon. And ic geann tham hirede in Tomwyrthin th[a] land aet Langandune, ealswa hi hit aer me to leton & habban, hi thone bryce healfne & healfne tha munucas into Byrtune, ge on mete, ge on mannon, ge on yrfe, ge on eallon thingon; & se Bisceop fo to his lande aet Bubandune, & fon tha munucas into Byrtune, to tham the on tham land is, ge on mete, ge on mannon, ge on eallon thingon; & th[a] land tham Bisceope aet thaere syle And into tham mynstre aet Byrtune an hund wildra horsa, & sexten tame hencgestas, & thaerto eall th[aet] ic haebbe on libbendan & on licgendan, butan than the ic becweden haebbe [Charter of AZ theired II dated 1004, reproduced in the Ordnance Office Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon MSS. Vol. III.] (c) Hidage of Offlow Hundred. Thus fela hyda sind in Offalawe hundred. In Bromlege iij hidae; Alrewaes iij hidae; Wicgintun & Hopewaes v hidae ; Waleshale & Wodnesbyri ij hidae; Wilinhale ij hidae ; Fulcwipaginel xviij hidae ; Preostes land of Wulfrenehamtum viij hidae ; the bisceop xxv hidae; Elleford iij hidae; Heorlauestun iiij hidae; Thorp iij hidae ; Cliftun viij hidae; Siricescotan ij hidae; Aclea ij hidae; Hwiccenofre ij hidae; Rideware, th[aer] we reste, other half hide ; Rodberdes land ix hidae & an half; Se Abbud of Byrtun vj hidae ; Scenstan iiij hidae. [Ibid, in dorso.]

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Official Description of Whittlesea-mere (1022).

Hie comprobatur quod ^Elfsius abbas de Burch, quartam partem stagni de Witelesmere, cum omnibus aquis et paludibus in circuitu attinentibus, emit ab optimate Regis nomine Thored, data scilicet ei terra de Overtune, et pecunia quantum eis convenerat. Sicque adjunxit istam partem ejusdem stagni illi parti quam Deo amabilis presul Adelwoldus summopere acquisierat ipsi monasterio in Burch [etc.]. Predicta ergo emptio stagni ita confirmata est Lundonie, coram rege Cunut [etc.]. Quod si quis [etc.]. Hujus pacti sunt testes [etc.]. Hie autem ipsarum aquarum vel paludum terminus describitur, ne quis ignorantia ledatur. Quomodo stagnum quod vocatur Witelesmere cum suis piscuariis, paludibus, et aquis terminatur. In septentrionali parte stagni, est aqua nomine Merelade, exiens de amne Nen, ubi terminus septentrionalis est ipsius stagni. Hec vero cum suis paludibus illi adjacet, habens in fine piscuarium unum quod dicitur ^Ethemuthe. In orientali parte illius sunt duo stagna que vocantur Wellepol et Trendmere. Inter hec stagna est aqua angusta duorum stadiorum longa que vocatur Trendmere Bece, habens in se duo piscuaria. Est etiam ibi aqua angusta, unius miliarii longa, que vocatur Falet, habens in se unum piscuarium. In ilia parte inter Witlesmere et Kyngesdelf, ubi terminus est orientalis, est spatium paludis trium miliariorum in latitudine, habens in se aquam angustam que vocatur Thescuf et sjlvam que dicitur Ragreholt. In australi vero parte illius est aqua angusta trium stadiorum longa que vocatur Scelfremere Bece, habens in se duo piscuaria. In cujus fine est stagnum quod vocatur Scelfremere, habens ad suam australem plagam aquam angustam que vocatur Ubbemere-lade, dimidii miliarii longa. In hujus etiam capite, id est in fine stagni, est unum piscuarium. Ad hujus aque medietatem, in longitudine, est locus e contra in palude qui vocatur Aldwines Barwe, ubi australis est terminus. In occidentali autem parte illius est aqua angusta duorum stadiorum longa que vocatur Trendmere Bece, habens in se unum piscuarium. In cujus fine est stagnum quod dicitur West Trendmere. Sunt in ilia parte etiam aque quarum nomina sunt Dreigmere, Wellepol, Withibuscemere, Langemere, Keninges et Musclemere. Est etiam ibi aqua unius miliarii longa usque ad terram, Deop Bece vocata, habens in se unum piscuarium. In hujus aque fine est terminus occidentalis paludum et aquarum ad Witlesmere pertinentium. [MS. Soc. Antiq. Liber Niger Mon. S. Petri de Burgo, fas. 19—20 (Camden Society's Publications O.S. 47. Appendix, pp. 182-3).]

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6. Survey of the Manors of the Church of Peterborough (c. 1125)Hec est descriptio maneriorum Abbatie de Burhc, desicut Walterius Archidiaconus ea recepit et saisivit in manu Regis. In Kateringes sunt x hide ad geldum Regis. Et de istis x hidis tenent xl villani xl virgas terre. Et homines isti ad opus domini arant de unaquaquebusvirga, ad tremeis, iiij acras. Et preter hoc, in yeme, inveniunt iij vicibus carrucas ad opus domini, et iijbus ad tremeis, et semel in estate. Et homines isti habent xxij carrucas unde operantur. Et omnes isti homines operantur iijbus diebus in ebdomada. Et preter hoc reddunt per annum de unaquaque virga, de consuetudine, ij s. et iij obolos. Et L gallinas reddunt omnes homines, et Dc ova et xl. Et preter hoc ^Egelricus tenet xiij acras, et inde reddit xvj d. cum ij acris prati. Et est ibi unus molendinus cum molendinario, et xx s. reddit. Et viij cotsetes, quisque de quinque acris, et operantur semel in ebdomada, et bis in anno faciunt brasium. Et quisquis istorum dat j d. pro capro; et si habuerit femellam, ilia dat obolum. Et est ibi j bercarius, et j porcarius, qui tenet viij acras. Et in dominio curie sunt iiij carruce de xxxij bobus, et xij vacce cum vitulis, et ij animalia otiosa, et iij avri, et ccc oves, et L porci, et tantum prati de superplus quod valet xvjs. Et ecclesia hujus ville ad altare Abbatie Burgi, ad caritatem Sancti Petri, iiij arietes et ij vacce, vel vs. Isti sunt redditus maneriorum de Abbatia de Burch. De Keteringes xxvj libras de firma per annum [MS. Soc.Antiq. Liber Niger, fo. 12 (ed.Camden Soc.,pp.\z>J-'&and 166).]

7. Survey of the Manors of the Priory of Christchurch, Canterbury (12 fohn). Inquisicio facta Prioratus Cantuarie, per preceptum domini Regis, coram Gydone de Chancell[aria] et Simone de Nuers, die Jovis proxima post clausum Pasche, anno regni domini Johannis Regis xij°; quid et quantum Robertus de Thurnham recepit de instauro per predictum Prioratum, quando recepit custodiam, post obitum Reginaldi de Cornhulla, scilicet ad festum Sancti Michaelis ejusdem anni; et quid et quantum inventum sit in predicto Prioratu ad predictam inquisitionem predicti diei Jovis Nywetone. Godefridus clericus, capitalis serviens, et Edwardus de la Grave et Radulfus Crispus et Radulfus de Bretewelle, prepositi. Et Willelmus de Brochamtone [and four others], juratores, dicunt quod habet in

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eadem villa de redditu assiso per annum, xiiij /. x s. vj d. ad iiijor terminos anni.et xvj gallinas ad festum Sancti Martini. Et Robertus de Thurnham recepit, infra predictum terminum, xvj summas mestili[onis] de exitu molendini et xxxij s. de feno vendito. Idem dicunt quod nichil de stauro ibidem inventum est, set xl acre seminate cum avena, ad medietatem, ibidem invente sunt. [Exchequer K.R. Ancient Extents, No. 46, m. 1.] 8. Extent (Valor) of a Manor in the King's hands (c. 1250). (a) Writ of Inquisition. E[lerius] permissione Divina Abbas de Persora1, dilecto suo in Christo baillivo Regis de Haveringhes, Salutem. Ex parte domini Regis vobis mandamus quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de bailliva vestra, diligenter inquiratis quantum terra de la Redhope cum suis pertinenciis, que capta fuit in manum Regis eo quod nichil inde fuit solutum Regi, valeat per annum in omnibus exitibus terre, et inquisitionem aperte et distincte inde factam, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, nobis sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. Valete. (b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio facta per subscriptos, videlicet per Willelmum filium Reginaldi [and eleven other jurors], quantum [terra] de la Riedhope, cum omnibus pertinenciis, valeat per annum in omnibus exitibus. Qui dicunt, per sacramentum suum, quod valet per annum in omnibus viij solidos, scilicet in communibus annis. [Chanc. Misc. Inquisitions 21/16.]

9. Survey of the Manor of Ospringe, co. Kent (c. 1240). Johannes de Ospreng [and twelve others] jurati: ad primum Articulum dicunt quod instaurum in festo Pentecostes tale fuit. Fuerunt ibi due caruce, una de octo stottis et alia de vij stottis; duo equi herciatores et carectarii, quando necesse fuit; viij vacce, una genicula biennis ; oves matrices, lj; hoggastri, xlij; multones, v; agni, XX

xliiij; porci, iiij, ij; inde superannati, xl; de dimidio anno, xlij; porcelli, xiiij. De blado, dicunt quod estimant frumentum in tasso sicut fuit in festo Pentecostes, triginta et quatuor quarteria, quod quidem frumentum totum est ibi. De vescis, dicunt quod fuerunt ibi in predicto festo Pentecostes lxij quarteria; inde in prestito facto in 1

Appointed Escheator South of Trent by Letters Patent 35 Hen. I l l (m. 4). Calendar of Inquisitions, Henry I I I , No. 230, etc.

Cf. also

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locis diversis, xix quarteria; residuum in granario ibidem. Et preterea, quinque quarteria debentur de predictis vescis, de prestito facto ante predictum festum ; residuum totum est in granario, scilicet xlij quarteria.... De redditu assiso, dicunt quod sunt in prefato manerio xix /. xvj s. ix d. ob.

De consuetudinibus debitis, c et vij galline et dimidia, precii cujuslibet j d. ob. et una auca, precii ij d. quarum summa est xiij s. vij d. qdr. De allece, vij millia, et valent, omnibus annis, viginti et octo solidos. De redditu assiso, quatuor quarteria, et valent, omnibus annis, x s. Item, viginti et octo vomeres, quorum quodlibet valet x d., et j vomer precii iij d.; due esperduce ferri, precii iiij d. Summa tocius ferramenti, xxiijj. et xjd.; et de hiis vomeribus debetur unus abbati de Faveresham. Item, tres carri, precii ix s. Item, tria paria rotarum ad carucas, precii xviij d. Item, porcus unus, precii xvd. Et de quibus[dam] hominibus ejusdem manerii, pro licencia arandi, dimidia marca. Item, debentur arure bis in anno per ipsos de manerio, que valent, deductis expensis, xviij s. Summa omnium consuetudinum, cxj s. j d. qdr., excepto vomere quern Abbas recipit. Item, herciat[ura] ejusdem manerii valet, per annum, vj s. Placita cum perquisitis valent, omnibus annis, Ix s. Item, boscus, sine dampno in eodem faciendo, valet, singulis annis, x s., salvo sustentamento manerii. Sunt etiam in prefato manerio ccc acre terre arabilis et septuaginta et iiij, quarum que.libet locari potest pro x d., et est summa xv li. xi s. et viij d. Herbagium ejusdem manerii valet, per annum, j marcam. Et si dominus Rex posuerit ibi duas vaccas, valent per annum xxiiij s. Et etiam in prefato manerio pastura ad cc oves, per totum; et potest locari, singulis annis, pro ij marcis et dimidia. Et si dominus Rex posuerit ibi predictas oves, valebunt, singulis annis, c s. Item, dominus Rex potest habere in eodem manerio 1 porcos, et valebunt, per annum, v marcas; sed de hoc nichil capi potest nisi fuerint ibi porci. Summa valoris manerii nudi et sine instauro, xlvij /. ij s. ij d. ob. qdr. Et valet, si ponatur ibi predictum instaurum, liiij /. vj s. ij d. ob. qdr.; et potest frequenter plus valere cum emolumento wainiagii. Manerium de Ospreng commissum est Willelmo clerico, servienti, et Ernulpho Cade,... qui jurati sunt...ad solvendum fideliter. Et juratores dicunt quod manerium dimittitur eis in bono statu, tarn in boscis, clausis et custoditis, quam in pasturis et stauro. Et dicunt quod bladum quod est in terra valet hoc anno, ut videtur et sicut apparet, multo melius quam valeret aliis annis; et serviens cui manerium commissum est confitetur quod ipse credit quod valeat de sexta parte plus quam consuevit. Et recepit manerium custodiendum die dominica proxima post Octabas Translationis beati Thome Martiris

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anno regni Regis xxiiij, per Petrum de Tany et Walterum de Merton, clericum. Hamo de la Dune cepit, singulis diebus, suo tempore, quamdiu fuit ballivus predicti Walteri, duos denarios; Willelmus clericus adhuc nichil cepit. Simo de la Grene [and eleven otkers] jurati, dicunt quod instaurum, die Pentecostes, tale fuit. Fuerunt ibi due caruce de iiij bobus et xij equi; vacce, iiij; vituli, ij; oves, ccclviij; inde matrices, xxxvj; mulXX

tones, iiij; residuum hoggastri; et preter ilium numerum, xxiiij agni; porci superannati, xlij; porci de dimidio anno et porcelli, xxiiij. [Exchequer K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 6 (Testa de Nevill) fos. 43—46 (ed. Record Commission), pp. 217 b, 218 a.]

10. Extenta Manerii (? temp. Edward I). Imprimis, inquirendum est de castris et aliis edificiis fossatis circumdatis, quantum muri et edificia lignea et lapidea, plumbo vel alio modo cooperta, valeant; et pro quanto poterunt apreciari secundum verum valorem eorundem murorum et edificiorum; et pro quanto edificia extra fossatum poterunt apreciari; et quantum valeant, una cum gardinis columbariis et omnibus aliis exitibus curie, per annum. Item, inquirendum est quot campi sunt in dominico, et quot acre terre sunt in campo, et quantum valet quelibet acra per se per annum; item inquirendum est quot acre prati sunt in dominico, et quot sunt in campo, et quantum valet quelibet acra ad locandum per se per annum ; item, quot acre pasture, et ad cujusmodi bestias et anitnalia pastura ilia fuerit magus necessaria, et quot et quales possit sustinere, et quantum valet pastura cujuslibet bestie et animalis per se, per annum, ad locandum. Item, inquirendum est de pastura forinceca que est communis, quot et quas bestias et quot animalia et que dominus Rex habere possit in eadem, et quantum valeat pastura cujuslibet bestie et animalis, per annum, ad locandum. Item, inquirendum est de parcis et dominicis boscis, que dominus ad voluntatem suam poterit assartare et excolere, et quot acras in se contineant, et pro quanto vestura cujuslibet acra potent apreciari, et quantum fundus in se contineat et valeat quando prostratus fuerit, et quantum valet quelibet acra per se per annum. Item, inquirendum est de boscis forinsecis ubi alii communicant, quid de eisdem boscis dominus [Rex] sibi possit appruare, et de quot acris, et pro quanto vestura cujuslibet acre communiter possit appreciari, et quantum fundus valeat quum prostratus fuerit, et quot acras in se contineat, et quantum valeat quelibet acra per se, per annum. Item, inquirendum est utrum dominus [Rex] de residuo boscorum predictorum forinsecorum dare possit, et quantum valeant hujusmodi donaciones et vendiciones per annum.

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Item, inquirendum est de pannagio, herbagio, melle, oneribus, et omnibus aliis exitibus vivariorum, mariscorum, morarum, bru[erarum], turbariarum, et vastorum, et quantum valeant per annum. Item, de molendinis et piscariis separalibus et communibus, quantum valeant per annum. Item, de libere tenentibus quibuscumque et forincecis vel extrinsecis, inquirendum est quot sunt libere tenentes et qui, et quas terras et que tenementa et que feoda teneant, et per quod servicium, utrum per sokagium vel servicium militare vel alio modo, et quantum valeant per annum et reddant per annum de redditu assiso, et qui tenent per cartam et qui non, et qui tenent per antiquam tenuram et qui per novum feoffamentum. Inquirendum est de predictis libere tenentibus, et qui secuntur curiam de comitatu in comitatu et qui non, et quid et quantum accidit domino [Regi] post mortem talium libere tenencium. Item, inquirendum est de custumariis, quot sunt custumarii, et quantum terre quilibet custumarius teneat, et que opera et quas consuetudines faciant, et quantum valeant opera et consuetudines cujuslibet custumarii per se per annum, et quantum reddat de redditu assiso per annum preter opera et consuetudines, et qui possint talliari ad voluntatem domini et qui non. Item, inquirendum est de coterellis, que cotagia et curtulagia teneant, per quod servicium et quantum reddant per annum pro predictis cotagiis et curtulagiis. Item, inquirendum est de placitis et perquisitionibus Comitatuum et Curiarum Forestarum cum expeditacione canum, et quantum valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus. Item, inquirendum est de ecclesiis que pertinent ad donacionem domini [Regis], quot et que sunt, et ubi et quantum quelibet ecclesia valet per annum, per se, secundum veram estimacionem illius. Item, inquirendum est quantum valeant heriota, nundine, mercheta, consuetudines et servicia, operaciones et consuetudines forincece; et quantum valeant placita et perquisita, fines et relevia, et omnia alia casualia que accidere possunt in omnibus per annum [etc.]. [Statutes of the Realm, vol. I. pp. 242-3.]

11. Survey of the Manor of Pishobury in Sawbridgeworth, co. Herts. (24 Ed. I). (a) The Writ of Extent. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Herefordie, Salutem. Quia super valore manerii de Pissou in Sabrichewrthe, quod dilecto clerico nostro Willelmo de Hamelton commisimus custodiendum, et eciam super statu domorum, murorum et bosci et aliorum ad idem manerium spectancium per te volumus certiorari, tibi precipimus quod in propria persona tua,sine dilatione,accedas ad manerium predictum

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et illud per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, extendi facias quantum, videlicet, valeat per annum, salvis serviciis capitalium dominorum manerii ejusdem. Et extentam illam distincte et aperte factam, una cum statu domorum, murorum et bosci predictorum, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos inquisicio ilia facta fuerit et etiam illorum per quos de statu predicto tibi constiterit, Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario nostro sine dilatione mittas et hoc breve. Teste P[hilippo] de Willugbi, tenente locum Thesaurarii nostri, apud Westmonasterium, xvj° die Julii, anno regni nostri xxiiijto. ib) The Extent. Execucionem istius brevis fieri feci, prout patet in Inquisicione huic brevi attachiata. Extenta Manerii de Pisho[u] in Sabrittesworthe, per W. de Suttone vicecomitem Essexe et Her[t]fordsire facta die dominica proxima post festum sancte Margarete Virginis anno regni Regis Edwardi vicesimo quarto, per Robertum de Melkeleye militem, [and eleven others] juratos, qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod capitale messuagium cum gardino et curtilagio valet per annum in omnibus exitibus, xij s. Sunt et ibidem cc.xlij acre terre arrabilis quarum quelibet acra valet per annum vj d.; uncle summa, vj /. xij d. Sunt et ibidem xxix acre prati falcabilis quarum quelibet acra valet per annum ij s. vj d.; unde summa, lxxij s. vj d. Sunt et ibidem xxvij acre pasture separabilis, de quibus x acre, quelibet earum valet per annum vj d. et xvij acre, quelibet earum valet per annum xviij d. Et sunt ibidem xxxv acre pasture separabilis infra clausum bosci qui vocatur le Parke, quarum quelibet acra valet per annum xij d. Et est ibi quedam communa pasture pertinens ad dictum manerium, que valet per annum xxs. Et est summa tocius valoris dicte pasture per annum iiij /. v s. vj d. Et sunt ibi c et lx acre bosci inclusi qui vocatur le Parke, unde subboscus valet per annum xxs.: depannagio dicti bosci nihil ad presens, quia tarde succisus. Est ibidem quoddam molendinum aquaticum quod valet per annum, preter resumptionem, xl s. Sunt ibi de redditu assiso libere tenencium et custumariorum, per annum, vij /. xj s. et vj d. Et est ibi de redditu per annum una libra piperis, precii xij d. et dimidia libra cimini, precii oboli. Et sunt ibi de redditu assiso per annum vj capones, precii cujuslibet ij d.; unde summa, xij d. Et sunt ibi duo vomera de redditu custumariorum per annum que valent xij d. Et xxxiiij galline per annum, que valent ij s. x d. Et clxxv ova per annum de redditu assiso, que valent iiij d. obulum. Et xxj quarteria v buselli avene de redditu assiso per annum, que valent xxviij s. x d. precium quarterii xvj d. Et sunt ibi de redditu custumariorum per annum ix s. ij d. ob. qui vocatur Oxeseivere. Et iij s. vj d. ob. de redditu custumario qui vocatur Shepselvere. Et sunt ibi MMccij opera et dimidium opus custumarium per annum. De quibus MDccccxxv inter festum Sancti Michaelis et Gulam Augusti, quorum quodlibet valet obolus. Et cclxxvij opera et dimidium opus

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inter Gulam Augusti et festum sancti Michaelis, quorum quodlibet valet j d. Et est summa omnium predictarum operacionum ciij s. et iiij d. Et placita et perquisitiones Curie, cum sex solidis de communi fine visus franci plegii, valent per annum xx s. Summa totius valoris predicti manerii per annum, xxxiij /. xiij s. viij d. Et predicti Juratores dicunt quod predictum manerium tenetur de heredibus Willelmi de Say per servicium trium feodorum et dimidii militum et unius quarterii. Et predicti juratores requisiti super sacramentum suum de statu domorum, murorum, bosci, et aliorum ad dictum manerium spectantium, dicunt1 quod domus dicti manerii debiles sunt et quedam earum disrute, et indigent gravibus reparacionibus et etiam muri predicti manerii. Item, dicunt quod in bosco pertinente ad dictum manerium succise sunt jam infra duos annos elapsos in custodiam Sampsonis de Gretham ballivi domini Regis predicti manerii ad sustentacionem ejusdem manerii xij quercus, precii xxiiij s., xxiiij fraxini, precii xij s., iiij et xij arabiles, precii vij s. XX

viij d.; iiij et iiij charmelli, precii vij s. Et dicunt quod predictus boscus bene includitur et competenter. In cujus rei testimonium, predicti juratores huic Extente et Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. (c) Inventory of the Stock. Memorandum quod xij° die Junii anno vicesimo quarto Sampson de Gretham, custos manerii domini Regis de Pishoo in Sabrictesworthe, liberavit domino Willelmo de Hameltone Archidiacono Eboraci, per mandatum domini Regis de Scaccario, bona inventa in manerio predicto et appreciata per sacramentum Johannis Ordmar [and eleven others].

Inprimis, dictus Sampson liberavit dicto domino Willelmo, quando idem dominus Willelmus cepit ad firmam manerium predictum ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo preteritum ante diem confectionis presentis Cyrographi, xxvij quarteria ij busellos et dimidium frumenti; ij quarteria siliginis, precium quarterii vj s. viij d. Summa, ix/. xvJ. yd.—ij quarteria vj busellos et dimidium ordei, precium quarterii iiij s. vj d. Summa, xij s. vij d. ob.—vij busellos fabarum, precium buselli viij d. Summa, iiij s. viij d. Item, xx quarteria avene, precium quarterii ij s. Summa, xl s. Que quidem blada seminata fuerunt in terris predicti manerii. Item, liberavit eidem xj quarteria iij busellos mixtilionis, precium quarterii vs. Summa, lvj s. x d. ob. Item, xj quarteria v busellos avene, precium quarterii ij s. Summa, xxiij s. iij d. Item, fenum et foragium et pallea, precium xlij s. Summa, xlij s. Item, vj stottos, precium cujuslibet ix s. ix d. Summa, lviij s. vj d. Item, v boves, precium cujuslibet xiiij s. iiij d. Summa, lxxj s. viij d. 1

qui dicunt in MS.

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Item, xxiij vaccas et ij tauros, precium cujuslibet IKS. Item, v vaccas, precium cujuslibet viij s. Summa, xiij /. v s. Item, iiijor aucas et ij anceres, precium cujuslibet iiij d. et x ancilas, precium cujuslibet ij d. Summa, iij s. viij d. Item, unam carettam, precium v s. Summa, vs. Item, unum vatellum, ij cistas, j b[usellum], iij billos pertinentes ad molendinum et appreciatos ad xx s. Summa summarum, xxxix /. xviij s. viij d. In cujus rei testimonium, tarn predictus Willelmus quam predictus Sampson huic cyrographo sigilla sua alternatim apposuerunt. Datum die et anno supradictis. \Exch. Q. R. Ancient Extents, No. 81 (5).]

12. Survey of Commons in Holkham, co. Norfolk (26 Elizabeth). (a) The Royal Commission. Elizabeth, by the grace of God, Quene of England, Fraunce and Ireland, Defendor of the Fay the, etc. To oure trustie and welbeloved Richard Inckpen, oure generall Surveyor of oure possessyons parcell of oure Duchie of Lancastre in the sowthe partes, and Nathaniell Bacon Esquiers, and to eyther of them, greatinge. For certeine causes and consideracions us movinge, Wee will and require youe twoe joyntely, at tyme convenyent by youe to bee lymitted and appointed, to repayre youreselfes to oure Mannor of Wighton, parcell of oure Duchie of Lancastre in oure Cowntie of Norffolke, then and there callinge before youe, by vertue hereof, all suche personnes as youe shall thinke mete and conveniente, thoroughly to vewe and surveye the landes, commons and waste groundes and other heredytamentes belonginge and apperteynynge to oure said Mannor of Wighton, aswell the landes, commons, waste groundes and heredytamentes extendinge withein Hollcomme, as alsoe within all other places withein oure said countie of Norffolke. And further to enquire of all and singuler the premisses and of the circumstances of the same aswell by viewe, othe, evidence, perambulacion, examinacion of wittnesses, as by all other waies and meanes, as to youre wisedommes and discrecions for oure best service therein shall seme best. And thereuppon of youre factes, doeinges and proceedinges herein, wee will and require youe twoe joyntlye, by youre wrytinges enclosed under youre seales, withe theis oure letteres, to certifie our Chauncellor and Cownsell of oure Duchie of Lancaster in oure Duchie chamber at oure palace of Westminster in the Quindene of Seynt Mychell nexte commynge; nott faylinge hereof as wee truste youe. Yeaven at oure said palace, under the seale of oure said Duchie, the xiijth daye of Februarye, in the xxvjth yeare of oure reigne. Tusser. H. F. II.

2

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The Execucion of this Commyssion appereth in a certaine scedule to the same Commyssion annexed. Richard Inckpen. Natha. Bacon. By vertue of her Majesties Commission oute of the Corte of the Duchie Chamber to us directed and hereunto annexed, wee mett at the Manour of Wighton, the place named in the said Commyssion, the xiiijth daie of Julie in the xxvjth yere of her Majesties raigne, and there havinge with us Richard Spratt under steward of the said Manour, by vertue of our said Commyssion, warned and somoned a jurye of eightene of the moste discrete and sufficient tenauntes apperteynynge to the said Manour, and then and there did sweare them and every of them accordinglie to make dilligent and exacte enquerye, uppon theire othes, of all the Contents menctioned in the said Commyssion. The names of which jurours, with theire verdicte delivered unto us under theire handes, we hereby certifie unto this honorable Corte. Nomina Juratorum pro Domina Regina. Charles Stutfielde gent, [and seventeen others]. Fyrst we finde [a description of the Commons in Holkham follows]. And further we do here certifie also the deposicions of two substaunciall witnesses, taken by vertue of our said Commyssion and examined uppon theire othes before us at Holkham uppon certaine questions or articles mynistered unto them tpuching the contents mencion[ed in] the said Commyssion, which deposicions followe verbatim. Deposicions taken at the Towne of Holkham in the Countie of Norfifolke the xiiijth daie of Julie 1584 and in the xxvjth [yere of the] raigne of our said soveraigne Ladie Quene Elizabeth, by us Nathanaell Bacon and Richard Inckpen Esquiers, by vertue of her Majestie's Commyssion directed to us oute of the Corte of the Duchie of Lancaster. William Porter of Holkham in the said Countie, yoman, of the age of fourescore yeres or thereaboute, sworne and examyned the daie and yere [aforesaid], To the first article he knoweth [the Depositions signed by the Commissioners follow]. [Duchy of Lancaster. Special Commissions, No. 350.]

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13. Account, Inventory and Lease of the Manor of Tilshead, co. Wilts, part of the possessions of the Alien Priory of Holy Trinity, Caen, in the King's hands (26—27 Edward I). (a) The Official Account. Compotus Walteri Faukes de Felstede defuncti, Walteri de Reynes, executoris testarnenti ejusdem et attornati coexecutorum suorum, pro eo et Ade de Goldingham custodum terrarum et tenementorum et reddituum et beneficiorum ecclesiasticorum que fuerunt Abbatisse de Cadamo in Anglia existentium, in manu Regis ratione guerre habite inter Regem et Regem Francie, a iij die Maii anno regni Regis ejusdem xxvjt0, usque xxx diem Septembris eodem anno, antequam liberarent terras et tenementa, redditus et benificia predicta Waltero Faukes et Petro de Fulbeck custodienda quamdiu Regi XX

placuerit, reddendo inde Regi per annum ad Scaccarium ciiij /., sicut continetur in memorandis anno xxvij, inter Commissiones. Debet irrotulari in rotulo xxvj—Irrotulatur in Rotulo xxvj. Tydolfside et Tarente. Iidem reddunt compotum de xxj /. receptis de maneriis predictis sic dimissis ad firmam per idem tempus. Summa recepte xxj /. [Exchequer K. R. Ministers' Accounts, 1127/17.] (b) The Private Inventory and Lease. Anno regni regis Edwardi vicesimo septimo, ad festum Sancti Petri quod dicitur Ad Vincula, facta fuit hec conventio inter dominum Walterium Faukes, generalem procuratorem in Anglia ab[b]atisse et conventus Sancte Trinitatis de Cadomo, ex una parte, et dominum Henricum de Tydolveshyde ex altera, videlicet, quod dictus Henricus recepit ad firmam mobilem de traditione dicti Walterii procuratoris [etc.] maneria de Tydelveshyde et Tarente et Lowyneston, cum pertinentiis suis et instauramentis suis et terris seminatis subscriptisque aliis, ut inferius patebit; videlicet in manerio de Tydelveshyde una aula cum duabus parvis cameris [a list of the farm buildings follows], tres caruce cum ferramentis [a detailed list of the stock follows], numerus vero acrarum frumenti [a list of the sown lands follows]. Numerus vero utensilium [an inventory follows]. In manerio vero de Tarente sunt [a list of the stock follows]. Numerus vero acrarum seminatarum [a list follows]. Numerus vero domorum [a list of the buildings follows]. Due caruce [an inventory of utensils follows]; habenda et tenenda omnia predicta a dicto festo Sancti Petri usque ad finem xiii annorum proxime sequentium plene completorum; reddendo inde annuatim dicte abbatisse vel ejus certo procuratori xl ta et vi libras sterlingorum bone et legali[s] monete ad duos anni terminos, videlicet, medietatem ad

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festum Sancti Luce Evangeliste, et aliam medietatem ad festum Inventionis Sancte Crucis, ab eodem Henrico solvendas integre et ad custum suum proprium apud Munechenehampton deferendas; salvis quidem et retentis ad opus dicte abbatisse boscis suis de Tarente, in quibus dictus Henricus nichil capiet nisi ad reparationem domorum et camerarum dicte abbatisse et per visum quatuor hominum legalium suorum ad hoc assignatorum ; nee poterit inde dare aliquid vel vendere, pro quorum custoditione dictus Henricus tenetur de suo proprio forestariis et omnibus aliis satisfacere. Item, retentis dicte Abbatisse venditionibus nativorum utriusque sexus, releviis, herihetis liberorum hominum suorum, et escaetis de novo; nee licebit dicto Henrico aliquam terram tradere sine assensu dicte Abbatisse vel ejus procuratoris, quia omne commodum proveniens ex hujusmodi traditionibus retinebit dicta Abbatissa. Faldam etiam, et fimos curie alibi non ponet quam super terras dominicas abbatisse predicte. Completis autem xiii annis predictis, reddet dictus Henricus dicta maneria, domos, et instauramenta, et terras seminatas, et culturas sicut recepit; domos vero de suo proprio sustentabit, excepto meremio quod ad opus domorum ejus dicta Abbatissa inveniet. Et si dictus Henricus domos seu aliquid de novo fecerit in dictis maneriis sine licentia Domine vel sui procuratoris, [inde] tenebitur computare. Debet etiam dictus Henricus jura et libertates et maneria predicta defendere contra omnes de omnibus placitis et querelis et exactionibus ad suas proprias expensas, et libertates, consuetudines, et jura injuste alienata pro posse suo congregabit et revocabit. Si tamen hujusmodi alienata et dispersa ante tempus receptionis firme predicte, sine brevi domini Regis revocari non possint, expense rationabiles quas fecerit per consilium procuratoris ejusdem allocabuntur. Et si nove collecte et nova tallagia per dominum Papam vel Regem emerserint, ad ea non tenebitur dictus Henricus. Et dicta abbatissa prestationem dimidie marce diu factam ad hundredum de Pymperne liberabit, nee licebit dicto Henrico homines dicte Abbatisse talliare, quia hoc sibi retinuit dicta abbatissa. Adque omnia et singula predicta tenenda dictus Henricus obligavit se et sua bona mobilia et immobilia, perquisita et perquirenda, dicte abbatisse que pro tempore fuerit, quod ipsa, sua propria auctoritate, vel suus procurator in Anglia, possit ingredi domos, possessiones, redditus, [et] terras suas, et inde tanquam de proprio commodum suum quibuscumque modis voluerit facere, et averia sua ubicumque inventa fuerint capere, detinere de loco ad locum, de comitatu ad comitatum fugare, prout sibi placuerit, et ea vendere sine contradictione ejusdem attornatorum, heredum, et executorum suorum, si in solutione dicte pecunie suis terminis in toto vel in parte defuerit, quod absit, aut homines dicte abbatisse tractaverint contra justiciam, aut eorum consuetudines [ad] gravamen ejusdem intulerit, aut si dictus Henricus dictam conventionem in toto vel in parte non observaverit, extunc licebit dicte abbatisse vel suo procuratori, maneria sua predicta, cum suis pertinentiis et cum omnibus bonis in eisdem inventis, in manu sua capere et tenere aut cuicumque pro voluntate sua ad firmam vel alio modo tradere, sine contradictione ejus heredum

Agrarian

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attornatorum seu executorutn suorum. Insuper subjecit et summisit se dictus Henricus et omnia bona sua predicta jurisdiction! et cohercioni cujuscumque judicis ecclesiastici vel secularis potestatis quern dicta abbatissa duxerit eligendum, quod valeat ipsum per interdicti et excommunicationis sententiam, de die in diem absque strepitu judiciali, compellere et distringere ad plenam solutionem pecunie terminis faciendam et ad plenariam satisfactionem et observationem omnium superius contentorum, cum dampnis et expensis, si que dicta abbatissa vel ejus procurator fecerit vel incurrerit occasione dicte conventionis nee observate in parte vel in toto; super quibus omnibus x dicte abbatisse vel suo procuratori debet credi sine alterius probationis nee testimonium suum robur habebit aut effectum donee premissa compleantur. Et ad hec omnia et singula tenenda firmiter, et tactis Sacro-sanctis Evangeliis, corporate prestitit sacramentum, renuncians plene et expresse quo ad hec omnia et singula omni exceptioni, cavillationi, et maxime regie prohibitioni, privilegio fori et cruce signatis indulto, constitutioni de duabus dietis edite in concilio generali, et omni impetrationi facte et faciende, tarn in curia ecclesiastica quam seculari, que possit objici contra hoc factum vel scriptum et parti dicti Henrici prodesse et parti dicte abbatisse nocere. Concedit etiam dictus procurator quod si dictus Henricus ante terminum predictum plene completum decedat, quod Ricardus de Lavynton nepos ejusdem Henrici predicta maneria cum suis pertinentiis in forma predicta teneat usque terminum xiii annorum predictorum plene completorum, facta tamen dicte abbatisse vel ejus procuratori per eundem Ricardum eadem securitate quam fecit dictus Henricus. Nos vero Johannes Rykeman de Tydolveshyde [and five others] hanc obligationem et ejus formam in modo cyrographi confectam de verbo ad verbum audientes et plene intelligentes, pro eodem Henrico dicte abbatisse, que pro tempore fuerit, nos et omnia bona [etc.] tenore presentium obligamus, singuli et insolidum constituents nos principales debitores; et volumus et cognoscimus nos cum bonis nostris, sicut dictum est, in eadem forma et obligatione ad omnia et singula in predicta obligatione contenta integre observanda et adimplenda predicte abbatisse de nostro expresso consensu et voluntate esse obligatos et velle fore astrictos [quemlibet] nostrum insolidum, ut dictum est, omni auxilio et remedio nobis contra hoc competituro, sicut superius plenius est expressum, plane et expresse renunciantes. In quorum omnium testimonium, huic instrumento, ad modum cyrographi divisi super dicta conventione penes dictam abbatissam remanente, cum sigillo dicti Henrici sigilla nostra apposuimus, et dictus procurator parti instrumenti residenti penes dominum Henricum sigillum suum apposuit Insuper ad pleniorem securitatem invenit dictus Henricus fidejussores, tenentes abbatisse de Tydolveshyde, videlicet [the names of six sureties follow with seven seals]. [Cartulary of the A bbey of the Holy Trinity, Caen {Public Record Office Transcripts, Cartulaire de la Basse Normandie, III. 262 sg.).] Sic in Transcript.

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FISCAL INQUISITIONS

(i) Assessments on the Hide and Plough. 14. Carolingian prototypes (812).—It has been usual to compare the formula of a Frankish Polyptique with that of Domesday Book (No. 15), but the famous survey of the Abbey of St Germain (ed. B. Guerard) is analogous rather to the Boldon Survey or the Domesday of St Paul's. The formula of the valuation of a feudatory's estate given here should be compared with that given in the previous section (Nos. 1 and 2) and with the 13th century Extent (No. 11). For the procedure connected with the Return made to the Frankish imperial precept cf. Annales Hincmari s. a. 869 (M. G. I. 481). 15. Domesday Book and its Satellites (nth—13th centuries).—An attempt has been made here to present specimens of the Domesday MSS. indicating the relationship between the several codices as well as the several stages in the composition of the MSS. Whatever may be the real relationship between the Ely Inquisition and the Exchequer Record, the Writ (a) and Form of Inquisition (b) preserved in the former MS. are of real value as indicating the diplomatic procedure in the case of the main Exchequer Survey. Specimens have been given of the several Returns (c) found in the Cambridgeshire and Ely Inquests as well as in the ' Exon. Domesday,' followed by the corresponding entries in the Exchequer Domesday, volumes I. and II. 16—J8. Geld Inquests, Breviates of Domesday, and Hidage Books (nth and 12th centuries).—Brief extracts are given here of these complementary and supplementary 'satellites' of Domesday. The nature of the first of these has been well explained by Dr Round, and it is only necessary to observe in respect of the others that the device of a Breviate can certainly be dated back to the 12th century, whilst the analogous Hidage list is, perhaps, of even greater antiquity. It may be noticed that the Worcester Hidage (No. 18 e) is not actually derived from the Exchequer Domesday, as stated in the rubric and generally believed, but from the official' Breviate' (K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 1). For the origin of the Burton list reference must be made to an earlier document (No. 4). A general resemblance will be found in the formulas of the whole group, based upon the notation of the geldable hide. 19. The well-known Inquisition contained in the 12th century ' Winton Book' is noticed here in order to call attention to the existence of a royal as well as an episcopal census. The former,

Fiscal Inquisitions

23

which alone concerns us here, preserves the King's writ in a narrative form with a notice of the sworn recognitors. 20. Carucage (1198—1220).—An interesting discussion of the origin and terminology of this fiscal levy will be found in the English Historical Review (III. 501), where the whole subject has been exhaustively treated by Dr Round, who first identified the fragments from which this specimen has been selected, together with the judicial proceedings (No. 20, ii.) which form a sequel to the assessment. In the case of the later Carucage of 1220 (No. 21, iii.), the Return is seen to take the general form of an Account. 21. Local assessments (1273).—Although the nature and extent of the local taxation within the Hundred are still obscure, many fragments of early assessments have survived (Studies, p. 292 n. 5). Reference should also be made to another class of documents in which the formula of this Return is not infrequently found (No. 57).

14. Precept of Charles the Great for an Inquisition of Beneficia and Formula of the Survey of a Royal Monastery (812). Ut missi nostri diligenter inquirant et describere faciant, unusquisque in missatico, quid unusquisque de beneficio habeat, vel quot homines casatos in ipso beneficio. Ut non solum beneficia episcoporum, abbatum, abbatissarum, atque comitum, sive vassalorum nostrorum, sed etiam nostri fisci describantur, ut scire possemus quantum etiam de nostra in uniuscuiusque legatione habeamus.

[Beneficiorum fiscorumque regalium describendorum formulae.] Invenimus in eodem loco curtem et casam indominicatam, cum ceteris aedificiis ad praefatam ecclesiam respicientem. Pertinent ad eandem curtem de terra arabili iurnales 740; de pratis, unde colligi possunt de foeno carradas 610. De annona nihil repperimus, excepto quod dedimus provendariis carradas 30; qui sunt provendati usque ad missam sancti Johannis, et sunt 72. De brace modii 12. [Inventory of stock and utensils follows.] Est ibi genitium, in quo sunt feminae 24; in quo repperimus sarciles 5, cum fascioles 4, et camisiles 5. Est ibi molina 1 ; reddit annis singulis modios 12. Respiciunt ad eandem curtem mansi ingenuiles vestiti 23. Ex his sunt 6, quorum reddit unusquisque annis singulis de annona modios 14,

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friskinguas 4, de lino ad pisam seigam 1, pullos 2, ova 10, de semente line sextarium 1, de lenticulis sextarium 1 ; operatur annis singulis ebdomades 5, arat iurnales 3, secat de foeno in prato dominico carradas i, et introducit; scaram facit. Ceterorum vero sunt 6, quorum unusquisque arat annis singulis iurnales 2, seminat et introducit: secat in prato dominico carradas 3, et illas introducit; operatur ebdomadas 2 ; dant inter duos in hoste bovem 1. Quando in hostem non pergunt, equitat, quocumque illi praecipitur. Et sunt mansi 5, qui dant annis singulis boves 2. Aequitat quocumque illi praecipitur. Et sunt mansi 4, quorum arat unusquisque annis. singulis iurnales 9, seminat et introducit; secat in prato dominico carradas 3, et illud introducit. Operatur in anno ebdomadas 6, scaram facit ad vinum ducendum, fimat de terra dominica iurnalem 1, de ligno donat carradas 10. Et est unus mansus, qui arat annis singulis iurnales 9, seminat et introducit; secat de foeno in prato dominico carradas 3, et illas introducit, scaram facit, parafredum donat. Operatur in anno septimanas 5. Serviles vero mansi vestiti 19. Quorum reddit unusquisque annis singulis friskingam 1, pullos 5, ova 10, nutrit porcellos dominicos 4, arat dimidiam araturam: operatur in ebdomada 3 dies, scaram facit, parafredum donat. Uxor vero illius facit camisilem 1 et sarcilem 1. Conficit bracem et coquit panem. \Monumenta Germaniae (1835), Leges, I. 174-6.]

15.

The Domesday Inquest (1086).

(a) The King's Writ issued in connection with the Ely Inquisition. Willelmus Rex Anglorum Lanfranco archiepiscopo, Salutem. Inquire per episcopum Constantiensem et per episcopum Walchelinum et per ceteros qui terras sancte ^Edeldrede scribi et jurari fecerunt quomodo jurate fuerunt, et qui eas juraverunt, et qui jurationem audierunt, et que sunt terre, et quante, et quot, et quomodo vocate, [et] qui eas tenent. His distincte notatis et scriptis, fac ut cito inde rei veritatem per tuum breve sciam. Et cum eo veniat legatus abbatis. [MS. Cott. Tib. A. VI. fo. 107a {Liber Eliensis), ed. Hamilton, Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiae, p. xxi.~\ (b) The Forma Inquisitionis preserved in the Ely Inquisition. Hie subscribitur Inquisicio terrarum quomodo barones regis inquisierunt, videlicet per sacramentum vicecomitis scire, et omnium baronum et eorum francigenarum, et tocius centuriatus presbiteri, praepositi [et] VI villani uniuscujusque ville. Deinde quomodo vocatur mansio, quis tenuit earn tempore Regis Edwardi, quis modo tenet, quot hide quot carruce in dominio, quot hominum, quot villani,

Fiscal Inquisitions

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quot cot[sethli], quot servi, quot liberi homines, quot sochemani, quantum silve, quantum prati, quot pascuorum, quot molendini, quot piscine, quantum est additum vel ablatum, quantum valebat totum simul et quantum modo, quantum ibi quisque liber homo vel sochemannus habuit vel habet. Hoc totum tripliciter, scilicet tempore regis .ZEdwardi, et quando Rex Willelmus dedit, et qualiter modo sit, et si potest plus haberi quam habeatur. \Ibid. fo. 38 a, ed. Hamilton, p. 97.] (c) The Returns preserved in Domesday Book and its Satellites. (i)

The Ely Inquisition (Soham, co. Cambs.).

Isti homines juraverunt. In Staplehou hundredo, Nicholaus de Cheneta, Willelmus de Chipenham homo Gaufridi, Hugo de Heselinge, Warinus de Saham, Rodbertus Anglicus de Fordham, Ordmar de Billingesham, Alanus de Burewelle, Alvricus de Sneilewelle In comitatu Grantebrugge. In Staplehou Hundredo In Saham tenet Abbas de Ely dimidiam hidam. ij carucis ibi est terra. Una caruca in dominio, et j caruca villanis. iij villani, x cotarii. Pratum ij carucis. Pastura ad peccuniam ville. In hac villa piscatur una navis in mara per consuetudinem; iij pforci]1; et modo valet xxx j . Quando recepit xx s. Tempore Regis Edwardi xxx s. Hec terra semper jacuit in ecclesia in dominio. [Ibid./os. 38 a, 39 b and pp. 97, 101.] (ii) The Cambridgeshire Inquisition. (The Abbot of Ely's holding in Soham.) In Staplehou hundredo juraverunt homines, scilicet Nicholaus de Kenet et Hugo de Heselinges, Willelmus de Cypeham, Warinus de Saham, Robertus de Fordham, Ormar de Bellingeham, Alanus de Burwelle, Alvricus de Sneilewelle, Picotus vicecomes et omnes Franci et Angli In hoc hundredo Saham pro xi hidis et dimidia, tempore Regis Edwardi, se defendit, et modo facit. De his xi2 hidis habet Rex ix hidas et dimidiam, vi acras minus, in Brevi suo . Et Abbas in hac villa habet dimidiam hidam. De his xi hidis, ii carucis ibi est terra. Una caruca in dominio et alia caruca villanis. iii villani, x bordarii. Pratum ii carucis. Pastura ad pecus ville. Et mara sde Saham lacus ubi piscat i navis per consuetudinem iii portus (sie) . Inter totum valet XXXJ. ; et quando recepit XXJ. ; tempore Regis Edwardi XXXJ. 1 This amended reading has been adopted on the supposition that the Ely scribe would have rendered portus (cf. below ii) by another compendium than the usual ' P.' for Porci. 3 The description of the Terra Regis (see below iii) is omitted here. 3 See above, n. i.

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of

Hec semper jacuit in ecclesia Sancte ^Edelrede de Ely tempore Regis Edwardi, in elemosina. [Ibid, fos. 76 a, 77 b and pp. 1, 6.] (iii)

The Exchequer Digest of the same holding.

Terra Regis. In Staplehou hundredo. Saham manerium regis pro ix hidis et dimidia se defendit. [A description of the Terra Regis follows^ In Staplehou Hundredo, in Saham, tenet isdem Abbas dimidiam hidam. Terra est ii carucis. In dominio est una et iii villani et x bordarii cum j caruca. Pratum ii carucis. Pastura ad pecuniam ville, et una navis que piscat in mara per consuetudinem. Valet xxx solidos. Quando recepit xx solidos; tempore Regis Edwardi xxx solidos. Hec terra jacuit semper in ecclesia. [D. B. I.fos. 189 a and 190 b (ed. Record Com.).] (iv) Formula for the Eastern Counties in the Ely Inquisition (Croxton, co. Norf.). In Grimeshou Hundredo Crochestuna tenuit Stigandus tempore Regis Edwardi. v carucate terre. Tune viij villani, etc. [as in v]. Tune iij caruce, etc. [as ibid]. Tune ij caruce hominibus. Tune unum molendinum, quod post recepit Radulfus comes. Tune i caruca[rius] et modo, et 111j acre prati, et vj animalia, et xviij porci, et ccxv oves. Hie jacuerunt tempore Regis Edwardi, xvij sochemanni. De his habet W. de Wara (sic) xvj et Radulfus de Todeneio j . Tune valuit x/. modo xl.r.; et reddit v /.; et iij caruce possent esse. Et habet unam leugam in longo et dimidiam in lato. Et reddit xij d. de gelto. Calumpnia de Sancta ^Edeldreda. Medelwolda jacebat tempore Regis Edwardi ad victum monacorum, et Abbas earn- prestavit Stigando archiepiscopo, ut post mortem ejus redderetur Abbacie. Et hundredum hoc testatur quod jacebat ad Abbatiam, et Crochestona similiter. Hec maneria tenuit Stigandus ea die qua Rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus. [Liber Eliensis, fo. 55 a (ed. Hamilton, p. 138).] (v)

Version of the same holding in Domesday Book (Vol. II.).

[Nordfolc. Willelmus Rex.] Crokestuna tenuit Stigandus, tempore Regis Edwardi. Semper v carucate terre. Tune viij villani; post iiij; modo nullus; modo iiij bordarii. Tune v servi; post iiij; modo nullus. Tune iij caruce in dominio; post et modo ii. Tune ij caruce hominum. Tune i molendinum, quern post cepit Radulfus comes, tempore Regis Willelmi, et iij acre prati. Semper i runcinus, vi animalia, xviiij (sic) porci, ccxv oves. Hie jacebant, tempore Regis Edwardi, xvij socmanni.

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De hiis habet W. de War[enna] xvi, et Radulfus de Toeni. Tune valuit xl. modo valet x\s., set reddit cs., et iij caruce possent esse. Totum habet i leugam et dimidiam in lat[itudine] et i in lat[itudine] et reddit xij d. de xx s. de gelto. [D. B. II. 136 b {ed. Record Com.).] (vi) The Formula for the South Western Counties in the Exon. Domesday (Poorstock, co. Somerset). Rogerus habet i mansionem que vocatur Pourestoca quam tenuit Ailmarus ea die qua rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus; que reddit geldum pro vi hidis; modo tenet Hugo de Rege. Has possunt arare vi carruce. Inde habet Hugo in dominio iij hidas et ij carrucas et dimidiam, et villani iij hidas et ij carrucas et dimidiam. Ibi sunt v villani, et ix bordarii, et v servi, et ij roncini, et iiij animalia, et xiij porci, et clviij oves, et xvj capre, et ij molendini qui reddunt iij solidos, et xj quadrantene nemoris, longitudine, et ij quadrantene et dimidia latitudine, et xiij agri prati, et xv quadrantene pascue, longitudine, et ij latitudine; hec valet vj libras et quando recepit iiij libras. [Exon. Book, fo. 50 b {ed. Record Commission, p. 45).] (vii)

Version of the same holding in the Exchequer Digest.

Dorset. XLVli. Terra Rogerii Arundel. Hugo tenet de Rogero Pourestock. Ailmar tenuit T.R.E. et geldebat pro vi hidis. Terra est vi carucis. In dominio sunt ii caruce et dimidia, et v servi et v villani et ix bordarii cum ii carucis et dimidia. Ibi ii molini reddunt iii solidos; et xiii acre prati et xv quarantene pasture in long[itudine] et ii quarantene, lat[itudine]. Silva, xi quarantene, long[itudine], et ii quarantene et dimidia, lat[itudine]. Valuit iiii libras ; modo vi libras. [D.B. vol. I.fo. 82^.]

16. Geld Inquests, (a)

The Northampton Geld Roll (1066— 107 5).

This is into Suttunes hundred that is an hundred hida. Swa it waes on ^Edwardes deige, kynges; and therof is gewered an & tuenti hide & twadel an hide & fourti hide inland, and x hide thes kinges ahhen ferme land, & viij & xx hide weste, & thriddel an hide. [MS. Soc. Antiq. 60, fo. 47 {ed. Ellis, 'Intro, to Domesday,' I. 184 n.)]

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(b) The South-western Geld Inquest of 1083-4. In hundreto de Calna sunt lxxxx et i hide. De his habent Barones in dominio xxvi hidas et dimidiam et ij partes i virgate. Inde habet rex de terra regine Edithe x hidas in dominio. Edwardus vicecomes v hidas. Abbatissa de Wiltona, j hidam. Ricardus Puinant ij hidas et dimidiam. Alveredus de Ispania iij hidas et iij virgatas. Uxor Edrici i hidam et i virgatam. Gunfridus Maledoctus ij hidas et ij partes i virgate. Nigellus Presbyter i hidam. Et pro L hidis et iij virgis et tertia parte i virge reddite sunt regi xv libre et v solidi. De x hidis quas tenent villani regis de terra Heraldi non habet rex geldum. Collectores geldi de Cepeham receperunt in hoc hundreto geldum iij hidarum et dimidie et hoc retinuerunt. [Exon. Book, fos. 7 b and 13 (ed. Record Com.).]

17.

Exchequer Breviates of Domesday Book (\2th—\"$th cent).

Grentebrigesira. Terra Regis. In Staplehou hundredo. Saham manerium Regis, pro ix hidis et dimidia se defendit. Hoc manerium habuit Rex Edwardus in dominio semper. Grentebrigesira. Terra Abbatis de Ely. In Staplehou hundredo. In Saham tenet idem Abbas dimidiam hidam. Nordfolk. Terra Regis. In Grimeshou Hundredo. Crokestunam tenuit Stigandus pro v carucatis. [Exch. K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 1, fos. 208, 209/ T. of R. Breviate of Domesday, sub loc. (cf. W. de G. Birch in Domesday Studies, II. p. 500).] 18. Hidage Books {nth and 12th centuries), (a) Hidage of the Abbey of Burton {nth cent)1. Ecclesia Sancte Marie de Birtone in Stadfordscire. In ipsa villa habet unam hidam et dimidiam. Terra est ij carucis. Valent lxx solidos. In Brantestone tenet i hidam et dimidiam. Terra v carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Witmere cum appendiciis i hidam et dimidiam. Terra vij carucis. Valent L solidos. In Stratone una hida et dimidia. Terra ij carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Brunlege cum appendiciis dimidia hida. Terra est i caruce. Valet xx solidos. In Derlavestone iij virgate terre. Terra est ij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. 1 The date given here is on the authority of the learned editors, but the earliest MS. appears to be of the 12th century.

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In Lege iij virgate terre. Terra est iij carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Acouere cum appendiciis iij virgate terre. Terra i caruce. Valent xx solidos. In Witestone una hida. Terra i caruce. Valet v solidos. In Bedintone dimidia hida. Terra ij carucis. Valet x solidos. In Derby habet ecclesia de Bertone unum molinum et unam masuram liberam et alias duas de quibus rex habet socam. In Ufre x carucate terre cum appendiciis. Terra xv carucis. Valent x libras. Ad socam ipsius Manerii pertinent vi carucate terre et ii bovate. In Apleby [ii] carucate terre. Terra [v] carucis. Valent iij libras. In Wineshylle ij carucate terre. Terra iij carucis. Valent iij libras. In Cotes ij carucate terre. Terra iij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. In Stapenhylle iiij carucate terre et ij bovate. Terra iiij carucis. Valent iij libras. In Caldwelle ij carucate terre. Terra ij carucis. Valent xx solidos. In Tichinhalle v bovate terre et tertiam partem unius bovate. Valent x solidos. Caldewelle dedit rex Willelmus rnonachis pro beneficio. In Warwicesira, Aldulvestrev ij hide et dimidia. Terra iiij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. [Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon Charters {Ordnance Office) III. {last sheet); Burton Cartulary, fo. 3 (W. Salt, Arch. Coll. V. {1) 7).] {b)

Hidage of the Hundreds of Leicestershire {temp. Henry I).

Hundredum de Beltona. In eadem villa, Normannus de Verdona vi carucatas. In Overtona, Ricardus Basset iiij carucatas. In Wrdintona, i carucatam. In alia Overtona, Robertus de Ferrariis ij carucatas. Ibidem, Comes Cestrie i carucatam. In Stantona, Robertus de Ferrariis ij carucatas. Ibidem Normannus de Verdona iij carucatas. In Dailescroft, Philippus de Bello Campo, Marescallus, i carucatam. In Donintona, Comes Cestrie, cum appendiciis, xxii carucatas et dimidiam. In Witewic, Comes Lercestrie i carucatam et dimidiam. Ibidem, Robertus de Ferrariis i carucatam et dimidiam. \Exch. K. R. Knight? Service 1/7 {ed. Round, F. E.,p. 200).] {c) Hidage of the Hundreds of Northamptonshire {temp. Henry I). Naueford. In Tytheni, Robertus de Ferrers x hidas. Ibidem, Ascelinus de Watervilla iij hidas et i virgatam, et tres partes dimidie hide de Burgo. In Thrapstona, Radulfus filius Ogeri ij hidas et i virgatam de feudo de Brunne. Ibidem Robertus filius Edeline i hidam et i virgatam de feudo de Clare.

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In Torpe et Achirche, Ascelinus de Watervilla vj hidas [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. In Cloptona, Walterus i hidam et i virgatam de feudo Regis. Ibidem iij hidas [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. Ibidem Ascelinus dimidiam hidam de feudo Burgi. Wadenhowe. Albricus de Ver ii hidas et j virgatam de feudo Regis David. Ibidem, Wymunt de Stoke j virgatam de feudo Burgi. Ibidem, Rogerus Infans ij parvas virgatas de eodem feudo. Ibidem, Wivienus de Chirchefelde dimidiam hidam de eodem feudo. Ibidem, Galfridus de Gonthorp ij hidas de eodem feudo. In Catteworth, j hidam [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. [MS. Cott. Vesp. E. 22, fo. 94 {ed. Round, F. E.pp. 216-7).] (d)

The Lindsey Survey {temp. Henry I).

Radulfus de Criol, in Magha Linberga, ij carucatas. Walterus de Ganto in Bartuna et Ferebi et pendiciis xvij carucatas, et in Horcheston iiij carucatas quas Alanus de Perci tenet. Goffridus Murdac in Torp et Bechebi j carucatam et vj bovatas. Alanus de Perci in Horchestona iiij carucatas et in Immingeham et Torentuna v carucatas, et in Sumerdebi ij carucatas et iiij bovatas, et in Ounebi ij carucatas et iij bovatas et in Haburc j carucatam et in Wttuna j bovatam et dimidiam et in Brunum iiij bovatas et in Seurebi quartam partem unius bovate, et in Cadenai quartam partem unius bovate, et in Grossebi quartam partem unius bovate. Rodbertus de Chalk et Gosfridus Halselinus in Wragebi iiij carucatas et v bovatas et terciam partem unius bovate. Normannus de Araceio in Stalinburc ij carucatas et ij bovatas et in Immigheham iiij bovatas, et in Lopingeham iiij bovatas, et in Chilvingheholm iiij carucatas et iij bovatas, et in Wttuna vj bovatas et dimidiam, et in Vlesbi vj bovatas, et in Parvo Linbergo iiij bovatas et in Broclesbi ij bovatas, et in Chelebi v bovatas et terciam partem unius bovate et in Haburc iiij bovatas. Rodbertus Episcopus Lincolniensis in Golsa et Wttuna iij carucatas, et in Elesham ij carucatas et ij bovatas, et in Wlfrichebi j carucatam et dimidiam, et in Bechebi Gilbertus de Nova Villa tenet j carucatam, et in Chelebi ipse Gislbertus v bovatas, et in Vlesbi ipse Gislbertus iiij bovatas ; et in Stalinburc ij bovatas quas Gislbertus tenet. Rodbertus nepos episcopi in Linbergo iij carucatas, et in Bondebi vij carucatas, et in Stalinburc j carucatam. Hugo de Valle in Helesham j carucatam quam Ricardus films Asberti vicecomitis tenet. Comes Britannie in Cadenai j carucatam et iiij bovatas et in Nordchelesia j carucatam, et in Cherlingtuna iiij bovatas, et in Seurebi iij bovatas, et in Chilvingheholm ij carucatas et ij bovatas. Comes de Mellento iij carucatas et iiij bovatas in Crosthestuna et Cherligtuna, et in Wlfrechebi. [MS. Cott. Claud. C. 5 {ed. Greenstreet, p. 16).]

Fiscal Inquisitions (e)

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Hidage of the Church of Worcester (? 12th century).

Descriptio terre Episcopatus Wigorniensis Ecclesie secundum cartam Regis que est in Thesauro Regis. Ecclesia sancte Marie de Wirecestre habet j hundret, quod vocatur Osuualdeslau, in quo jacent ccc hide, de quibus episcopus ipsius ecclesie, a constitutione antiquorum temporum, habet omnes redditiones socharum, et omnes consuetudines inibi pertinentes ad dominicum victum, et Regis servitium et suum: ita ut nullus vicecomes ullam ibi habere possit querelam, nee in aliquo placito, nee in alia qualibet causa. Hoc attestatur totus Comitatus. He predicte ccc hide fuerunt de ipso dominio ecclesie, et siquid de ipsis cuicumque homini quolibet modo attributum vel prestitum fuisset ad serviendum inde episcopo, ille, qui earn terram prestitam sibi tenebat, nullam omnino consuetudinem sibimet inde retinere poterat, nisi per episcopum; neque terram retinere, nisi usque ad impletum tempus, quod ipsi inter se constituerant; et nusquam cum ea terra se vertere poterat. [MS. Cotton. Tib. A. 13, fo. 136 (ed. Hearne,pp. 298-9).]

19. Royal Inquisition of Burgage Holdings in Winchester (temp. Henry / ) . (a) Narrative Writ and Form of Inquisition. Henricus Rex volens scire quid Rex Edwardus habuit omnibus modis Wintonie in suo dominico, burgensium suorum sacramento hoc comprobari iussit. Volebat enim illud inde penitus habere, s[icut] Rex Edwardus suo tempore indeli habuit. Hoc igitur sacramentum turn factum fuit, de quattuor xx et vj burgensibus melioribus Wintonie, presente Willelmo episcopo et Herberto camerario et Radulfo Basset et Goisfrido Ridel et Willelmo de Pontearcharum. Hoc autem burgenses, peracto sacramento, a porta orientali ceperunt inquirere e thergingis (sic). (b) The Inquisition. Alwinus Sidessone tenuit tempore Regis Eadwardi ij domus reddentes de langabulo vj denarios et omnes alias consuetudines Regis et Rex earn tenuit in dominico. Modo earn tenet filius Radulfi Roselli quia dimissa fuit ei a patre et nullam consuetudinem inde unquam reddidit, et reddit L J . [Liber Wintoniae, fo. 1 (Domesday Book IV. 531).]

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20. (i) Inquisition of the Plough-teams of Tenants by Serjeanty in Yorkshire in connexion with the Carucage of 1198. {a) The Return. Excellentissimo domino suo H[uberto] Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, tocius Anglie primati, devoti sui R. (sic) prior de Giseburn [and seven other collectors], Salutem, et tarn debitum quam devotum per omnia famulatum. Noverit excellencia vestra nos itinerantes in Northrithinge ad ponenda tallagia super wainagia carucarum juxta mandatum vestrum, variis negotiis detentos in Richemundesira et Aveland, non potuisse venire ad wapentacium de Pykeringe ante diem Veneris proximam post festum Sancte Trinitatis. Ideo servientes domini Regis, tenentes de domino Rege per serjantiam, non potuerunt coram nobis comparere apud Lundoniam ad diem a nobis eis statutum, scilicet in octabis clausi Pentecostes. Et quia, absque presencia eorum, de Valencia terrarum suarum et de numero carucarum certificari non potuimus, eis diem prefiximus esse coram nobis apud Lundoniam die dominica proxima ante festum Sancti Barnabe apostoli. (b) The Inquisition. Nomina militum et libere tenentium qui interfuerunt ubi terra Thome de Waukeriham, quam tenet de serjantia in Geveldal, et Johannis la Poer, quam tenet in Watlinton et in Jarum et in Barneby, et Roberti de Geveldale quam tenet in eadem; Willelmus filius Radulfi [and six other jurors\. Isti dicunt in veredictis suis quod terra Johannis le Poer, quam tenet in serjantia archerie apud Waplitton et apud Jarum et apud Barneby, valet annuatim xij /., scilicet due carucate terre et dimidia in Waplington, et due carucate et dimidia in Jarum, et vj bovate in Barneby. [The holdings of Thomas de Waukeriham and Robert de Geveldale follow?^ [Testa de Nevill II. 689 (ed. Record Com.,p. 377).] (ii) Further Proceedings connected with the Inquisition of Carucage (1198). (a) Commission (recited) of the fustices Itinerant for Yorkshire, etc. Eodem anno Hugo Bardulfi, et magister Rogerus Arundel, et Gaufridus Hachet, quibus commisse fuerant Lincolnesira, Notinchamsira, Derebisira, Everwicsira, Norhumberland, Westmeriland, Cumberland, Loncastre, itinerantes placitaverunt placita corone Regis. (b) Articles of Inquisition. Item de placitis corone Regis xi. De sergentariis domini Regis, quis eas habeat, et per quern, et quantum valent, et qui finem non fecerint ad auxilium domini Regis, et qui fecerunt, et finis capiatur. [Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden (Rolls) IV. 61-2.]

Fiscal Inquisitions

3$

(c) The Middlesex Inquisition of Carucage1 (1198). Comitatus Middelsexe.... Willelmus filius Ote tenet in Lillestona, in servencia, unam carucatam ter.re que valet x\s., per servicium servandi signa Regis Monete; et facit servicium suum per totum annum. [ Testa de Nevill, p. 362.] (d) The Middlesex Eyre (1198)1. Placita Corone placitata apud Clerkenewellam coram Gaufrido filio Petri et sociis suis, anno x regis Ricardi. Hundredum de Spelthorne. Willelmus filius Othonis tenet xls. de sergentia de cuneis in Londonia, et non finivit. {Curia Regis Roll, No. 9, rot. 9 d (ed. Rec. Com. I. 216).] (iii) General Assessment of a Carucage of 2s. (1220). (a) Writ of Assessment. Rex Vicecomiti Norhantesire, Salutem. Scias quod pro magna necessitate nostra et urgentissima debitorum nostrorum instantia, necnon et pro conservatione terre nostre Pictavie, concesserunt nobis, sui gratia, communiter, omnes magnates et fideles totius regni nostri donum nobis faciendum, scilicet de qualibet caruca, sicut juncta fuit in crastino Beati Johannis Baptiste proximo preterito, anno regni nostri quarto, duos solidos, per manum tuam et duorum de legalioribus militibus comitatus tui colligendos, qui de voluntate et consilio omnium de comitatu in pleno comitatu eligentur ad hoc faciendum. Et ideo tibi precipimus, firmiter et districte injungentes, quatinus, convocato comitatu tuo pleno, de voluntate et consilio eorum de comitatu, eligi facias duos de legalioribus militibus totius comitatus qui melius sciant, velint, et possint huic negotip ad commodum nostrum intendere ; et illis tecum assumptis statim donum illud per totam bailliam tuam facias assideri et colligi de singulis carucis, sicut predictum est; exceptis dominicis archiepiscoporum, episcoporum et rusticorum suorum, et exceptis dominicis ordinum Cisterciensis et de Premustre. Et videas quod districte et aperte scias nobis respondere in crastino Sancti Michaelis proximo instantis, apud Londoniam, quot fuerint in bailliva tua caruce de quibus donum illud habere debeafnus; et denarios inde provenientes per manus predictorum duorum militum et tuam salvo colligi facias, et illos facias venire usque Londoniam predicto die, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis predictorum duorum militum, et in domo Novi Templi salvo reponi donee provisum fuerit quid inde fieri debeat; et tu, sicut te ipsum et 1 No Pleadings for Yorkshire have been preserved. this sequence see above, p. 23.

H. F. II.

For Dr Round's valuable notes on 3

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omnia tua diligis, sic inde te intromittas, ne, occasione malefice inquisition is et collectionis per te et predictos milites facte, oporteat nos postea districtam facere inquisitionem per fideles a curia nostra missos, ad gravem confusionem tuam et illorum qui tecum interfuerint predicte Inquisitioni et collectioni faciende. Teste [me ipso] apud Oxoniam, ix die Augusti [4 Henry / / / ] . [Close Roll 4 Hen. Ill m. 5 d {Record Com. I. p. 437).] {b) The Return {Assessment). Hec est recepta carucagii ultimo assisi, anno regni Regis Henrici tercii quinto, de terris comitum, baronum, militum et libere tenentium et aliorum laicorum terras excolentium, exceptis feodis ecclesiasticis, scilicet per manus Henrici de Scaccario vicecomitis Berksire, Willelmi. de Stanford et Willelmi de Waucy ad illam collectam recipiendam electorum. De Borewardescote, pro xx carucis, xl.r. De Sriveham cum tenura, pro xlvi carucis et parte caruce, iiij /. xij s. ij d. De Kingestone, Henrici filii Geroldi, cum tenura, pro xvij carucis, xxxiiij s. De Cumptone, Walteri de Bello Campo, pro sex carucis, xij s. De Orderstone, Hugonis filii Hugonis, pro sex carucis, xij s. De Coleshulle, Stephani filii Ynardi, pro v carucis, xs. De Etone, Willelmi de Hastinges, pro x carucatis terre, xxs. [K. R. Knight's Fees, Bundle 2, K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 6 {Testa de Nevill), fo. 574 {ed. Record Com., p. 131 b).]

21. Local Assessments payable by the Hundred (1 Edward I), {a) Writ of Extent. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, dilecto clerico suo Johanni de Trillowe, Salutem. Volentes quibusdam de causis quod Thesaurarius et Barones de Scaccario nostro certiorentur super vero valore ville de Burford et hundredi de Chadlyntone cum pertinenciis in comitatu Oxonie, que in manu nostra per forisfactum Hugonis le Despenser junioris nuper inimici et rebellis nostri existunt, quid, videlicet, et quantum predicta villa per se et dictum hundredum per se valeant per annum, ut in serviciis, redditibus, et in omnibus aliis exitibus juxta verum valorem eorundem, salvis serviciis inde debitis, et de industria vestra plenarie confidentes, assignavimus vos ad dictam villam et hundredum extendenda in forma predicta. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos diem et locum quos ad hoc provideritis, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto de visneto ubi dicta villa et hundredum existunt, extentas illas faciatis, et eas

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distincte et aperte factas habeatis ad Scaccarium nostrum apud Eboracum quam primum poteritis, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, et hoc breve: mandamus enim vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod ad certos diem et locum, quos ei scire facietis, venire faciat coram vobis tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva sua de visneto predicto per quos extente ille melius fieri possint. Et taliter et ita proinde vos habeatis in hac parte quod circumspectionem vestram merito debeamus commendare. In cujus rei testimonium has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste venerabili patre H[enrico] Lincolniensi Episcopo, Thesaurario nostro, apud Eboracum, septimo die Novembris, anno regni nostri primo. Per breve de magno sigillo inter Communia de anno secundo, quoad hundredum predictum extendendum, et per Barones quoad dictam villam extendendam. (b) Writ of Assistance. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Oxonie et Berkesire, Salutem. Cum assignavimus dilectum clericum nostrum Johannem de Trillowe ad extendendam villam de Burford et hundredum de Chadlyntone in comitatu predicto ; que in manu nostra per forisfactum Hugonis le Despenser Junioris nuper inimici et rebellis nostri existunt, quid, videlicet, et quantum predicta villa per se et dictum hundredum per se valeant per annum, ut in serviciis, redditibus et in omnibus aliis exitibus juxta verum valorem eorundem, salvis serviciis inde debitis, prout in Litteris nostris Patentibus eidem Johanni inde confectis plenius continetur; tibi precipimus quod ad certos diem et locum, quos idem Johannes tibi scire faciet ex parte nostra, venire facias coram eo tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva tua de visneto ubi dicta villa et hundredum existunt per quos extente predicte melius fieri possint. Teste H[enrico] Lincolniensi Episcopo, Thesaurario nostro, apud Eboracum, vij die Novembris, anno regni nostri primo. Per breve [etc. as above]. (c) The Extent. Oxonia. Extenta Hundredi de Chadelyntone in comitatu Oxonie, facta coram Johanne de Trillowe, per breve domini Regis de Scaccario patens, die Mercurii in festo Sancte Katerine Virginis, anno regni Regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum primo, per sacramentum \names ofjurors follow]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod villata de Tauntone cum hameletto de Mora, que est in predicto hundredo, reddit singulis annis de certo redditu ad festum Sancti Martini xiiij s. viij d.; et ad idem festum de quodam redditu qui vocatur Wartselver, xd.; et ad festa Annunciationis Beate Marie et Nativitatis Beate Marie per equales porciones de quodam certo redditu qui vocatur hidagium, XXJ. \The assessments of other townships follow^] 3—2

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Item, dicunt quod amerciamenta et proficua visus franciplegii in toto hundredo valent per annum, per estimationem, iiij /. Item, dicunt quod placita et perquisita hundredi predicti valent per annum cum omnibus pertinenciis, per estimationem, xxs. Summa tocius extente xxiiij /. xj s. vij d. quadrantem. Inde vicecomiti Oxonie qui pro tempore fuerit, in subsidio firme Comitatus, ex s. ij d. per opus. Et sic valet dictum hundredum cum omnibus pertinenciis de claro, xix /. xvij d. quadrantem. In cujus rei testimonium predicti juratores huic extente sigilla sua apposuerunt. Datum die, loco et anno predictis. [Endorsed.] Oxonia. Extenta hundredi de Chadlingtone. {Exchequer K. R. Extents, 84 (5).] (ii) Assessments on the Knight's Fee. 22—25. Inquisitions of Knight's Service (12th and 1 },th centuries).— The constitutional and fiscal character of these documents has been exhaustively described by Dr Round. For No. 22 reference should also be made to the essays of Professor Haskins and Mr Powicke1. It will be noticed that, in No. 24, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the lost writ of 1166 from various recitals of its tenor in the body of existing Returns. The diplomatic construction of these documents is sufficiently explained by the arrangement adopted here. 26 and 27. General Assessments based on the Knights Fee (13th and i$th centuries).—The Aids granted in the 12th century by nonmilitary tenants, and in the 13th by all classes of tenants (No. 26). constitute an expedient that was resorted to at times during the whole period of the feudal tenures. Their form resembles that of purely military assessments, but the application of the principle of assessment on the Knight's fee to later taxation in the nature of a Parliamentary Subsidy could produce a somewhat incongruous result (No. 27).

22. Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Bishop of Bayeux {temp. Henry I). (a) Narrative Writ and Form of Inquisition. Henricus, Dux Normannorum et Comes Andegavorum, Hugoni, Dei gratia Rothomagensi archiepiscopo, et omnibus episcopis, comitibus et baronibus suis de Normannia, Salutem. Quoniam ecclesia Baiocensis, post mortem Odonis episcopi, per subsequentium episcoporum impotentiam, cum per eorundem negligentiam et pervenditiones 1

E. H. R. xxn. 15 sq. and A. H. R. VIII. 635 sq.

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et donationes et commutationes ab ipsis factas, fere ad nichilum redacta erat, ne funditus ecclesia predicta destrueretur, provide Henricus rex, avus meus, instituit ut, juramento antiquorum hominum qui rem norant, recognoscerentur tenedure jam dicte ecclesie sicut fuerant in tempore predict! Odonis, tarn in dominicis quam in feodis militum, vavassorum et rusticorum; ipsius equidem tempore hec omnia jurata sunt et recognita et sepe dicte ecclesie precepto ejus resignata, et munimine carthe sue, quocumque modo a possessione ecclesie alienata essent, reddita sunt et confirmata. Subinde, Gaufridus, Comes Andegavorum, pater meus, commonitione et precepto apostolicorum virorum Lucii et Eugenii, qui omnium episcoporum Baiocensium, ab Odone usque ad Philippum succedentium donationes et venditiones et commutationes et omnes alienationes quas de predicte ecclesie beneficiis fecerant irritas esse preceperunt, item dominica et feoda et omnes Baiocensis ecclesie teneduras, sicut fuerant in tempore Henrici Regis jurata, juramento fecit recognosci, et sicut Baiocensis ecclesia in tempore Odonis episcopi tenuerat, ea ex integro eidem ecclesie resignavit et cartha sua confirmavit. Vestigiis igitur antecessorum meorum, avi scilicet et patris, inherere concupiscentes, et patrum meorum apostolicorum Lucii et Eugenii commonitioni et precepto obtemperare volentes et debentes, mandamus et precipimus ut dominica et feoda et possessiones, libertates et consuetudines Baiocensis ecclesie, et omnes tenedure quas habuit in tempore Odonis episcopi, sicut unquam ea melius et liberius in tempore ejus habuit, juramento legitimorum et antiquorum hominum, qui rem norint, recognoscantur sicut fuerunt jurata et recognita in tempore avi mei et patris. Ea itaque omnia sepe memorate ecclesie reddimus, concedimus et confirmamus. Testibus, [etc.]. Apud Falesiam. [Antiquus Cartularius Ecclesiae Baiocensis, I. 20—22.] (b) The Names and Oath of the Recognitors1. Nomina illorum qui juraverunt se verum dicere de feodis militum tenentium de ecclesia Baiocensi et servitiis eorum post mortem Ricardi filii Samsonis. [Names ofjurors follow.] (c) The Return. Episcopus Baiocensis debet invenire x optimos milites ad servitium Regis Francorum per xl dies; et ad eos procurandos, debet capere in unoquoque feodo militis xxs. Rothomagensis monete. Cum autem inveniet Duci Normannie xl milites per xl dies, debet capere in unoquoque feodo militis x\s. predicte monete et nihil amplius. Ad servitium vero Episcopi debent omnes esse parati armis et equis. Et unusquisque miles debet feodum suum relevare de morte patris sui per xv /. Rothomagensis monete vel per equum et loricam. [Red Book of the Exchequer, fo. 162 (Rolls Ed. pp. 646-7).] 1 (b) and (c) cannot be positively identified with (a) or its recitals, but the analogy suffices to demonstrate the formulas.

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23. Recognition of the Knights Fees of the Honour of Arundel {temp. Henry I or Henry II). (a) Narrative Writ, Form of Recognition and Names of furors. Carta Comitis de Arundel—Dominus noster Rex Henricus, quadam contentione que surrexit inter milites de honore de Arundel de exercitu quodam de Wallia, elegit quatuor milites de honore, de melioribus et legalioribus et antiquioribus, scilicet, Humfridum de Sarcillis et Radulfum filium Bruni et Willelmum de Favarches et Petrum de Hantona, et fecit eos recognoscere servitium militum de honore, et super legalitatem et sacramenta eorum inde neminem audire voluit. Fuit autem hec recognitio eorum. {b) The Return {schedule). Pettewrtha xxij milites et dimidium.

{Other knights' fees follow>.]

[Black Book of the Exchequer, fo. i$d {ed. Red Book of the Exchequer {Rolls), p. 200).]

24. {a)

Inquisition of Knight's Service (1166). The Writ of Inquisition1.

Henricus Rex Anglorum, Dux Normannorum et Aquitanorum et Comes Andegavorum, vicecomiti Eboracsire, Salutem. Precipio tibi quod mandari facias omnibus fidelibus meis clericis et laicis qui de me tenent in capite in Eboracsira, per fidem et ligantiam quas mihi debent, ut mandent mihi, per literas suas extra sigillum pendentes, quot milites quisquis habeat de veteri fefamento de tempore Regis Henrici avi rriei, scilicet anno et die in quo ipse Rex Henricus fuit vivus et mortuus; et quot habeat de novo fefamento post mortem ejusdem avi mei; et quot feoda militum sint super dominium uniuscujusque. Et omnium illorum nomina, tam de novo fefamento quam de veteri, et quantum unusquisque eorum debeat, sint in illo brevi scripta. Quia volo quod, si aliqui ibi sunt qui nondum fecerunt mihi ligantiam et quorum nomina non sunt scripta in rotulo meo, infra Dominicam primam Quadragesime ligantiam mihi faciant. Test[ibus]—apud [Clarendonam]. {b) The Return. Amantissimo domino suo Henrico, Dei gratia Regi Anglorum et Duci Normannorum et Aquitanorum et Comiti Andegavorum, suus Rogerus eadem gratia Eboracensis Archiepiscopus, Apostolice Sedis Legatus, Salutem. Precepit dignitas vestra omnibus fidelibus vestris, clericis et laicis, qui de vobis tenent in capite in Eboracsira, ut mandent 1 Reconstructed from the Return of the Archbishop of York collated with other Returns preserved in the Red and Black Books of the Exchequer.

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vobis per literas suas, extra sigillum pendentes, quot milites fefatos quisquis habeat de veteri fefamento de tempore Regis avi vestri, scilicet de die et anno quo ipse fuit vivus et mortuus, et quot habeat de novo fefamento fefatos post mortem bone memorie avi vestri ejusdem. Et quot feoda militum sunt super dominium uniuscujusque. Et omnium illorum nomina, tarn de novo fefamento quam de veteri fefatorum, sint in illo brevi scripta; quia vultis quod si aliqui ibi sunt, qui nondum fecerunt vobis ligantiam, et quorum nomina non sunt scripta in rotulo vestro, quod infra dominicam primam Quadragesime ligantiam vobis faciant. Quorum ego unus, jussioni vestre per omnia subjectus, cum omni diligentia investigavi in tenemento meo, prout brevitas temporis passa est, et presenti scripto vobis, domino meo, significo. Inprimis erga sciatis, domine, super dominium Archiepiscopatus Eboracensis nullum feodum est militis, quoniam tot habemus fefatos milites per quos aquietavimus omne servitium quod vobis debemus, sicut et predecessores nostri fecerunt; et plures etiam habemus quam vobis debeamus, sicut ex presenti subscriptione cognoscere poteritis. Antecessores enim nostri, non pro necessitate servitii, quod debent, sed quia cognatis et servientibus suis providere volebant, plures quam debebant Regi feodaverunt. Nomina autem fefatorum de tempore Regis Henrici hec sunt. {Schedule follows^ {Black Book of the Exchequer, fo. 67 {ed. Red Book (Rolls), p. 412).]

25. Inquisition of Military Tenures (1212). (a) The Writ of Inquisition (Notts, and Derby). Johannes, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, Dux Normannie, Aquitanie, et Comes Andegavie, vicecomiti Notingham et Dereby, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, sine dilatione, in fide qua nobis teneris, diligenter inquiri facias, sicut melius inquiri poterit, de omnibus feodis militaribus et omnimodis tenementis, infra burgum sive extra, que de nobis tenentur in capite in Baillia tua per militare servitium vel per serjanteriam qualemcunque, et qui ea teneant, et per quod servitium; et similiter de tenementis omnibus que antiquitus de nobis aut de progenitoribus nostris Regibus Anglie teneri solent, que sint data vel alienata per maritagium, vel per servitium, vel per elemosinam, vel alio modo, quominus de nobis tenentur in capite: et omnia ilia tenementa, qualiacumque ilia fuerint, inbreviari facias; et nomina illorum qui ea teneant, et per quod servitium, et de quibus, et per quern data vel alienata fuerint, et quibus occasionibus, a capitali servitio nostro quod nobis vel antecessoribus nostris inde fieri solet. Et quod inde Inquisitio nobis et Baronibus Scaccarii nostri scire facias

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of

per Inquisitionem discrete factam in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptiste sub sigillo tuo, et habeas tecum ibi hoc breve. Teste W. Briwerre apud Westmonasterium, j die Junii [1212]. \Exch. K. R. Knights Service, Bdle 2 {Red Book of the Exchequer {Rolls), cclxxxv.).] {b) The Return. {Form of Inquisition and Names offurors?) Inquisicio facta coram Philippo Marc' vicecomite Notingham de dominicis et feodis domini Regis et quomodo ab eo alienata fuerunt et coram militibus subscriptis, Adam de Sancta Maria {fourteen others named] et aliis juratis discretis. {c)

Schedule.

Reginaldus de Colewico tenet in capite terram in Colewico per serjantiam, per servicium xij sagittarum. {Other holdings follow^ [Ibid. {Testa de Nevill, 17 b).]

26. Inquisition for A ssessment of the Aid of 1235. {a) Writ of Inquisition recited in the Return. Viris Venerabilibus et dominis domino Hugoni de Pateshulle, Thesaurario domini Regis et consociis suis baronibus de Scaccario domini Regis suus H. de Bolebec, vicecomes Northumbrie, Salutem. Noveritis me mandatum domini Regis in hec verba suscepisse. Henricus Dei gratia, etc. vicecomiti Northumbrie, Salutem. Quia feoda baronum qui capitales habent honores in comitatu tuo sunt in diversis comitatibus, de quibus auxilium nobis concesserunt ad maritandam sororem nostram Romano Imperatori, mandamus illis per Litteras nostras, quas tibi mittimus illis porrigendas, quod per litteras suas patentes significent, citra octabas Sancti Johannis, baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium de quot feodis suis, tarn veteribus quam novis, quilibet nobis solvit auxilium predictum, et quibus {sic), et in quibus comitatibus, et qui feoda ilia tenent, et in quibus villis sint feoda ilia, ut sic scire possimus an totum auxilium nobis fuerit solutum sicut nobis liberaliter fuit concessum. Et quia plures alii sunt in comitatu tuo qui singulariter et minora de nobis tenent in capite, quibus non scribimus, tibi precipimus quatenus, in fide qua nobis teneris, nomina singulorum qui talia feoda de nobis tenent in comitatu tuo et in quibus villis feoda ilia sint per litteras tuas patentes, citra predictum terminum, significes predictis baronibus de Scaccario. Et similiter nomina illorum omnium qui de nobis tenent per serjantiam vel socagium, et ubi, et in quibus villis sint dicte serjantie et socagia, et quales sint serjantie et ille, distincte et aperte, ita curiose et diligenter premissa omnia exequens, quod ad te per negligentiam tuam capere non debeamus. Teste, [etc.].

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Et sciatis quod hoc breve venit ad me paulo ante Nativitatem Sancti Johannis Baptiste. Ego vero hujus mandati execucionem cum omni qua potui diligencia et per discretam Inquisicionem facere procuravi in forma subscripta. (b) Schedule to the Return. Jordanus Hayrun tenet in capite de domino Rege, per servicium unius militis, Hadiston, Colewel, Swineburne Occidentalem, Parvam Bentone, Chirtone Occidentalem, Hatford, de veteri feodo. [Other entries follow^ [Testa de Nevill, 388 £, 389 a.]

27. Inquisition for Assessment of the Subsidy of 1431. (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie, dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo Vernoun, militi [etc.] ac vicecomiti Derby, Salutem. Cum communitates regni nostri Anglie de assensu [etc.], in parliamento nostro apud Westmonasterium ultimo tento existentes, quoddam subsidium, inter alia, pro defensione dicti regni nostri Anglie nobis auctoritate ejusdem parliamenti concesserint sub eo qui sequitur tenore verborum [Rot. Par/. IV. 369], Nos volentes de summis predictis [etc.] assignavimus vos, quinque, quatuor et tres vestrum, ad inquirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de dicto comitatu Derby, tarn infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, de omnimodis maneriis terris et tenementis per personas laicas in dicto comitatu Derby per aliud servicium quam per servicium militare tentis [etc.]. Ac etiam de quibuscumque maneriis, terris et tenementis in eodem comitatu Derby tentis per servicium integri feodi militis seu per servicia partium feodorum militum, descendendo ab eodem integro feodo militis usque ad decimam partem unius feodi militis; et similiter hujusmodi decime partis et de personis laicis in dominico suo ut de libero tenemento dicto die Veneris similiter inde seisitis; necnon de quibuscumque maneriis terris et tenementis per personas spirituales, aut aliquas alias personas ad usum alicujus hujusmodi personarum spiritualium, in dicto comitatu Derby tentis per aliud servicium quam per servicium militare [etc.]. Et ad Inquisiciones super premissis distincte et aperte factas nobis ad Scaccarium nostrum, sub sigillis vestris, quinque [etc.], et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, ad octabas Sancti Martini proxime futuras, vel citra, mittendas et liberandas una cum hoc brevi. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod circa premissa diligenter intendatis [etc.]. Et tu, prefate vicecomes, ad certos dies et loca quos vos, quinque, quatuor vel tres vestrum ad hoc provideritis, venire facias coram vobis, quinque, [etc.], tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva tua [etc.] per quos [etc.]. Damus autem [clause of assistance]. In cujus rei testimonium

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has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste Humfredo, duce Gloucestrie, custode Anglie, apud Westmonasterium xij die Aprilis anno regni nostri nono. {Patent Roll, g Hen. VI, Pt. I. m. id(Cal.p.

136).]

(b) Mandate for the Return of the above Inquisitions on the Morrow of Hilary in View of a Stay of the Proceedings. Henricus, etc. [as in (a)] dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo Vernoun, militi, ac dilectis sibi [other Commissioners named], Salutem. Cum communitates regni nostri Anglie, etc. [reciting above Letters Patent (a)] Nos, pro eo quod intelleximus quod Litere nostre predicte vobis sic directe citra Octabas predictas ad commodum nostrum propter temporis brevitatem per vos nequeunt debite execucioni demandari, de avisamento et assensu consilii nostri, volumus et vobis mandamus quod omnes et singulas Inquisiciones per vos vigore Literarum nostrarum predictarum debite captas et capiendas nobis ad dictum Scaccarium nostrum ad crastinum Sancti Hillarii proxime futurum mittatis sive liberetis, una cum literis nostris predictis et hoc brevi; eo quod Inquisiciones vestre, per vos in ea parte facte seu fiende, ad dictum Scaccarium nostrum ad Octabas predictas, vigore literarum predictarum, mitti sive liberari deberent non obstante. Mandavimus enim thesaurario et baronibus de Scaccario nostro predicto quod cuicumque processui coram eis, pretextu assignacionis predicte, versus vos seu aliquem vestrum in dicto Scaccario nostro facto vel faciendo usque Crastinum predictum interim supersedeant. Teste Humfredo, duce Gloucestrie [etc.], apud Westmonasterium, primo die Novembris, anno regni nostri decimo. Per consilium. Frank. [Lay Subsidies, 91/59 {Feudal Aids, I. 274).] (c)

The Return {endorsed on the Writ).

Execucio istarum Literarum Patencium patet in quibusdam inquisicionibus eisdem literis annexis. Has Literas Patentes unacum septem Inquisicionibus eisdem consutis liberavit hie Henricus Pole, filius infrascripti Petri Pole, sub sigillis ipsius Petri et aliorum commissionariorum quintodecimo die Januarii anno xmo regis Henrici sexti. {d) The Inquisition {in a Schedule). [Villa de Chesterfeld.] Inquisicio capta apud Chesterfeld in comitatu Derby coram Johanne Curson [and three other Commissioners], die Sabbati proxima ante festum Natalis Domini anno regni regis Henrici sexti post conquestum decimo, virtute quarundam Literarum domini Regis Patencium ac cujusdam brevis ejusdem domini Regis tarn prefatis Johanni [etc.], quam Ricardo Vernon, militi et vicecomiti comitatus predicti, directarum et huic Inquisicioni consutarum; per sacramentum Thome Hewgate de Chesterfeld [and eleven otherjurors],

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proborum et legalium hominum de villa de Chesterfeld in comitatu predicto juratorum, qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Johanna Holand de Brun in comitatu Lincolnie, comitissa Kancie, tenuit die Veneris proxima ante festum Sancti Hillarii proximo preteritum, in dominico, manerium de Chesterfeld, cum membris et pertinenciis suis, in comitatu Derby, in soccagio, et valet per annum, ultra reprisas, xl /. [Other entries follow.] [Lay Subsidies, 91/59 {Feudal Aids, I. 275).] (iii) Assessments on the Value of Property. 28—30. Parliamentary Subsidies (1297— 1316).—Three specimens have been given here to illustrate the procedure, in respect of Assessment, as well as the formulas of these technical documents. In the case of the first (No. 28) the proceedings printed in the Rolls of Parliament have been merely arranged to indicate their diplomatic sequence with the addition of a unique fragment of the Assessment in question. In the second case (No. 29) an interesting and partially unpublished sequence of documents relating to an Assignment of the Fifteenth of 1301 in the nature of a Mutuum1 has been given to illustrate the tortuous imperial finance of the Edwardian period. To these another specimen of parliamentary taxation (No. 30) has been added from a published source. 31—33. Ecclesiastical Assessments.—It is generally considered that the 'Saladin Tithe' of 1188 initiated the new system of an Assessment by way of poundage which has prevailed since the latter part of the f3th century. In any case the prevalence of a Tenth is very noticeable, whether for lay or ecclesiastical taxation. In the case of the two famous Records under notice, an attempt has been made to indicate the procedure involved by the collection (No. 31). It was decided, however, to select the episode of the later Taxation of 1318 as affording a more instructive diplomatic sequence than that of 1291. The sequence of documents connected with the Inquisitiones Nonarum (No. 32) deserves careful inspection as it brings out the fact that the printed Returns may be supplemented with advantage from modern discoveries (p. 60 note), whilst the relationship between the Inquisition (b) and the Indenture (c) has scarcely been sufficiently appreciated. An original account (d) is appended to complete the procedure. 1 Cf. Sir J. H. Ramsay, Antiquary, Vols. I., IV., VI., vni., X., and H. Hall, Customs Revenue, II., ch. 10. For the subject of Lay Subsidies, see J. F. Willard in Colorado University Studies, IV., No. 4, and E. H. R. XXI. 727.

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The famous valuation of ecclesiastical benefices at the date of the Reformation (No. 33) resembles that of Pope Nicholas (which it forthwith superseded) as being a fiscal assessment for the purpose of a tithe1. The diplomatic interest of the sequence of documents connected with this Record is perhaps inconsiderable, but they present vernacular formulas and the texts cannot be easily distinguished in the printed volumes.

28. Form of the Collection of a Subsidy of a Ninth granted by Parliament (25 Edward I). (a)

Writ of appointment of Collectors of the Ninth {Cities and Boroughs excluded}. Rex, militibus, libere tenentibus et toti communitati comitatus [Cumbrie] Salutem. Cum Archiepiscopi, [etc.] et alii de regno nostro, extra civitates, burgos et dominica nostra, nonam partem omnium bonorum suorum mobilium, exceptis hiis que in forma taxacionis predicte None sunt excepte, Nobis concesserunt pro innovatione, [etc.] Nos, ut Nona predicta ad minus dampnum et gravamen populi dicti regni nostri levetur et colligatur providere volentes, assignavimus dilectos et fideles nostros Adam de Crokedayk et Thomam de Derwentwatre et Vicecomitem nostrum comitatus predicti, duos, vel unum ipsorum, [etc.], ad dictam Nonam in comitatu predicto assidendam, taxandam, levandam et colligendam et ad Scaccarium nostrum, vel alibi ad mandatum nostrum, deferendam et ibidem solvendam ad terminos subscriptos; unam videlicet medietatem in crastino Sancti Nicholai proxime futuro, et aliam medietatem in crastino Purificationis Beate Marie proxime sequentis. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod predictis Ade et Thome et Vicecomiti, duobus vel uni eorum, quotiens duos vel unum ipsorum abesse contigerit, in premissis sitis intendentes, respondentes, consulentes et auxiliantes in forma predicta, prout ipsi vobis scire facient ex parte nostra. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste [etc.] apud Westmonasterium, xiv die Octobris [25 Edward I]. [Patent Roll, 25 Edward I, m. {Rot. Parl. I. 241).] {b") Form of Assessment. Ceo est la fourme qe les Taxours e les Cuilleours del Noevyme devient garder en mesme le noevyme asseer e lever, c'est asavoir, primes, q'en chescun counte deaux chifs taxours e cuilleurs, e qe ceaux taxours e cuilleurs en les countez ou il serrount mys, par bone 1

For the subject of the Taxation, 1254-91, cf. Miss R. Graham in E. H. R. July 1908, and the Rev. W. Hudson in Norf. and Norm. Arch. Soc. x v n . 46 sq.

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foi e bone examination facent eslire de chescune ville du counte quatre ou deux loiax hommes,.ou meins ou plus solum ce qe les villes sount meindres ou greindres, de quex home se purra mieuz fier, e les quex puissent estre puissantz a respoundre de leur faitz en temps a venir, e suffisauntz pur aseer tuttes les gentz de la ville dount il serrount; E si tieux ne seient trovez, donk seient autres tieux esleux des pluis procheins villes, des pluis loiaux e des pluis suffisauntz; E que ceales gentz des villes ensint eslevves, seint jurees, qui loiaument asserount e taxerount toutes les bons de chescuns des villes ou frount la taxacion qu'il avoient en chaump ou en mesoun, ou ailleurs, le jour de la Seint Michel prochein passe, e par bon e loial pris les priserount, e loiaument mettrount en roule tutes les parceles e les soumes de meisme ceux bien ensint prisez e assis, saunz nuli desportier ou fraude faire par nule manere de colour de parente, de favour, ou d'amiste; E eel roulle desouz lour seaux livrent as chiefs taxours e reteignent le transcrit devers eux, desouz les seaux des cheifs taxours, pur lever les deners. E les deux chiefs asseours e taxours susdits, apres le dit serment resceu des ditz hommes des villes, alient de Hundred en Hundred, e de ville en ville, auxi avaunt cum faire le purrount, a voer, e enqueire, que les biens de chescun seient ben e loiaument assez, e taxez, e prisez, solum ceo que par dreit e resoun estre deverount. E enquirount si nule de villes ait nul bien esloigne que ne seient assis e taxe entre ses autre biens au jour susnome. E s'il seit trove que nul eit nul bien esloigne, que ceaux biens seient taxez auxi avaunt come les autres. E s'il troescent que ceaux des villes ou nul de eaux aient riens concele, ou par doun ou par favour meins bien taxe, ceaux la cressent e parfacent solum lour discrecion en la pluis loiale maner qu'il poount al oes le Roy, e le mettent en un noveal roulle par luy. E facent asavoir au Tresorer e as barouns del Escheker les nouns de ceaux qui issi averount trespasse countre leur serment. E la taxacion des biens a ceaux de villes soit faite par autre loiaux gentz de leu visne qui ne seient mie de lour afnnite, les quieux les chiefs taxours a ce assignerount par bon serment e loial. E la taxacion des biens de chiefs taxours e cuilleurs seit reserve au Tresorier e barouns del Escheker. E si tost come la taxacioun des biens sera faite en la fourme susdite, les chiefs taxours e cuilleurs facent lever e cuillir hastivement le Neovyme a paer al Escheker au jours assignes. E ceste taxacioun seit faite ausi bien des biens as clerks cum des lais, lesqueaux biens ne seient mie annex a lour eglises. E ensement seient taxe en ceste taxacioun les biens des villayns as Ercevesques, evesques, religioux, e de touts autres clerks, qui qu'il seient. E fait asavoir, q'en ceste taxacioun serrount forspris, armeure, mounture, jueaux, e robes as chivalers, e des leurs femmes, e leur vesseal d'or, e d'argent, e d'arreyn ; E les biens de messeaux, la ou il sount governez par sovereyn meseal, ne seient taxes ne prisez; E s'il seient messeaux governez par mestre seyn, seient leur biens taxez come des autres gentz. E les biens de nuli ne seient taxez au Noevyme, s'il n'amountent a neof souz, ou pluis. E si tost cume les gentz des villez averount

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livere lour Roules as chiefs taxours, sicume il est desus dit, meisme ceaux chiefs taxours les facent hastivement transescrivere, e eel transescrit retiegnent devers eaux, e les roulles qu'il averount resceu des ditz gentz des villes facent mettre ensemble par Hundrez, e enveer hastivement souz leur seaux au Tresorer e as barouns del Escheker, par la resoun ke ceste besoigne est si hastive pur la defence de tutte la terre; parquei il covient que ele seiet pluis hastee que einz ces hourez n'ad este. E les taxours, ne leour clerks, riens ne preignent pur chapitres liverier, ne pur tailles faire, ne pur nulle autre chose ke a la dite bosoigne apent. E que les chiefs taxours preignent la moneye le Roy par counte saunz peisser, tiele come court en le Reaume. [Rot. Parl. I. 240.] (c) Sacramentum Taxatorum. Cest est le Serment as taxours e cuilleurs, e'est a saver ; que bien e loiaument, a leur poer e a leur esseint, taxerunt les biens des prodes homes du Reaume, e le Neovyme cuillerount en la fourme que bailie leur est, e solunc co que lour est emonit de par le Roy; e pur rien ne lerrount, ne pur amour ne pur haour, ne pur favour, ne pur doun, ne pur premesse, que loiaument ne le facent, sauntz nuli esparnier, e que rein ne prendrount de nuli qui biens il deverount taxer, ne par eaux ne par autres; E que leaument le presenterount au Tresorer e as Barouns del Escheker, e que ceaux qui desouz eaux les beins taxerount f[erjrount faire autiel serment: E que les clerks qui escriverount leour roulles facent le serment, que leaument enbreverount les nouns, e les soumes de touz, e que nule fraude ne f [erjrount par quei le Roi soit perdaunt n'autre eit damage, e que riens ne prendrount de nuli par enchesoun de eel office, ne pur taille faire, ne pur autre chose, forspris manger e beveir. [Rot. Parl. I. 241 a.] (d) The Assessment (for Biggleswade, co. Beds). Willelmus le Bonde habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., dimidium quarterium ordei, precii xviij d., unum juvencum, precii ij s., unam juvencam, precii iijJ. In feno et stramine ijs. Summa xis. vjd. Inde Nona xvd. ob. Johannes de Wendeye habuit iij quarteria siliginis, precii ixs., unum quarterium ordei, precii iij s., et duos quarterios dragei, precii vs. et duos juvencos, precii vs., et duas vaccas, precii xs., unum porcum, precii ij s. et xvj bidentes, precii xvj s. et iiij agnellos, precii cujusque viij d. Item in stramine x d. et in feno, xviij d. Summa lvj s. Inde Nona, vj s. ij d. ob. qdr. Simon filius prepositi habuit iiij quarteria siliginis, precii xij s. et duo quarteria dragei, precii vs. et duos juvencos, precii cujusque i]s., et duos boviculos, precii cujusque iiij s., et x bidentes, precii xs., et v

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agnellos, precii cujusque viij d. In feno xiij d. In stramine viij d. Summa xliiij s. j d. Inde Nona iiij s. xj d. ob. Robertus Fuloflove habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum juvencum, precii ijs., unam vaccam, precii vs. et duos bidentes, precii ij s. Summa xij s. Inde Nona xvj d. Baldewynus habuit unum quarterium et dimidium siliginis, precii iiij J. vj d., unum afferum, precii ij s., unam vaccam, precii v s. Summa xj s. vj d. Inde Nona xv d. ob. Ricardus Sprot habuit iij quarteria siliginis, precii ixj., unum afferum, precii ij s., unam vaccam, precii v s. et viij bidentes, precii viij s. et iiij agnellos, precii cujusque viij^. Summa xxvjj. v'ujd. Inde Nona ij s. xj d. ob. Gilbertus Piioun habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum juvencum, precii ijs. et duas vaccas, precii cujusque vs. Summa xv s. Inde Nona xx d. Henricus Tungehurst habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum quarterium dragei, precii ij s. vj d. Item, unum juvencum, precii xviij d, unam juvencam, precii iij J. Summa XJ. Inde Nona xiij d. ob.

Summa tocius villate ix /. ij s. j d. ob. qdr} Probatur. [Lay Subsidies, 71/6.] (e) Ordinance of Parliament for the Levying of the Ninth in the Cities and Boroughs and in A ncient Demesne. Posteaque. cives et tota communitas Londonie concesserunt Regi nonam partem bonorum suorum, ut patet inferius. Ordinatum est per Consilium quod taxatores in singulis comitatibus Anglie taxent et levari faciant Nonam in singulis civitatibus, burgis, et dominicis Regis in Regno Anglie, juxta concessionem prius super hoc communiter factam, et fiunt eis commissiones, in hec verba. (_/")

Appointment Boroughs.

of the Same

Collectors for

the Cities and

Edwardus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie, etc. [as in No. 11] dilectis et fidelibus suis Ade de Crokedayke et Thome de Derwentwatre et Vicecomiti Cumbrelande, taxatoribus et collectoribus None, sibi in eodem comitatu concesse, Salutem. Licet per Literas nostras Patentes assignaverimus vos ad Nonam nobis in regno nostro concessam per Archiepiscopos, [/&".] et alios de eodem regno pro innovacione et confirmacione Magne Carte de libertatibus Anglie,et eciam pro confirmacione Carte de Foresta, habendam, taxandam, colligendam et levandam extra civitates, burgos et dominica nostra; quia tamen volumus quod vos taxacioni, collectioni, et levacioni dicte None in singulis civitatibus, burgis et 1 The valuation of the Bishop of Lincoln's stock amounting to £7. $s. 9,d. assessed at 15J. \\\d. has been cancelled, with the later marginal note Breve.

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dominicis nostris infra comitatum predictum similiter intendatis, assignavimus vos, duos, vel unum vestrum, quotiens vos ipsi tres vel duo interesse non poteritis, ad dictam Nonam in civitatibus, burgis et dominicis nostris predictis, exceptis hiis que in forma taxationis in eisdem civitatibus et burgis faciende, quam vobis mittimus sub sigillo nostro, sunt excepta, assidendam, taxandam, levandam et colligendam, et ad Scaccarium nostrum vel alibi ad mandatum nostrum deferendam et ibi solvendam ad terminos in predictis Litteris contentos: Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod, quam citius poteritis, Nonam predictam taxari, et denarios inde provenientes levari et nobis solvi faciatis in forma predicta. In cujus rei testimonium has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste Edwardo, filio nostro, apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo tertio die Octobris [25 Edward 1\ is)

Form of Assessment for Cities and Boroughs and Ancient Demesne. La fourme de la taxacioun del Noevyme ore graunte au Rey seit tenue en touts ses pointz, ausi ben en citez, burgs e en les demeines le Roy, cum ailleurs, ensemblement ove l'addicioun qe s'ensiwt; c'est asavoir, en citez, burgs e villes merchaundes, ferrount forspris une robe pur le home, e une autre pur sa feme, e un lit pur ambideux, e un anel, e un firmail, e un ceint de seye, qu'il usent touz les jours, e ensement un hanap d'argent, ou de mazre, dount il beyvent. [Rot. Par1.1, 241.] 29. Proceedings connected with an Assignment of a Parliamentary Subsidy in the nature of a Mutuunt (30—32 Edward I). (a) Appointment of Commissioners to negotiate with the commonalty in certain counties. Rex, dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo de Abyndone, Salutem. De vestre circumspeccionis industria plenius confidentes, mittimus vobis, in quadam cedula presentibus interclusa, quandam credenciam militibus, probis hominibus et communitatibus comitatuum Norfolcie et Suffolcie per vos et dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria ex parte nostra vive vocis oraculo exponendam. Mandantes quatinus visa diligenter et intellecta credencia memorata, una cum prefato Waltero circa exposicionem et expedicionem negociorum in eadem credencia contentorum omnem diligenciam quam poteritis apponatis, prout juxta discrecionem vestram melius videritis expedire. Mandavimus enim vicecomitibus comitatuum eorundem quod ad certos dies et loca, quos sibi scire facietis, convenire faciant principales taxatores et collectores Quintedecime in comitatibus predictis, necnon milites et probos homines ac alios de comitatibus illis quos conveniendos esse viderint, ad audiendum et faciendum ea que per vos et prefatum Walterum tune dicentur eisdem ex parte nostra. Mandavimus eciam

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taxatoribus et collectoribus predictis quod vobis et prefato Waltero circa felicem expedicionem negociorum predictorum concilium suum et auxilium efficaciter impendant quociens et prout per vos et predictum Walterum ex parte nostra inde fuerint premuniti. Teste Rege, apud Lynliscu, xviij die Decembris [30 Edward I]. (b)

Writ of Assistance for the above Commissioners to the Sheriff of Norfolk.

Rex, Vicecomiti Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria ad partes Norfolcie cum Litteris nostris de Credencia militibus et probis hominibus ac communitati Comitatus ejusdem directis pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus, militibus et probis hominibus ac communitati predictis ex parte nostra per eundem Walterum exponendis, tibi precipimus quod, ad certos diem et locum quos prefatus Walterus tibi scire faciet, convenire facias principales taxatores et collectores Quintedecime in Comitatu predicto et similiter milites, probos homines, et alios de communitate predicta quos conveniendos esse videris ad audiendum et faciendum ea que per prefatum Walterum tune dicentur eisdem ex parte nostra. Et tu ipse prefato Waltero diligenter assistas prout ipsi tibi ex parte nostra duxerit injungendum, et hoc sicut indignacionem nostram vitare volueris nullo modo omittas. Teste Rege [as above]. (c)

The same for the same to the Assessors and Collectors of the Fifteenth in Norfolk.

Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria, etc. [as in (b)]. Vobis mandamus quod prefato Waltero circa felicem expedicionem negociorum predictorum vestrum consilium et auxilium efficaciter impendatis quociens et prout per eundem Walterum super hoc ex parte nostra fueritis premuniti. Et hoc sicut [as in (b)] nullatenus omittatis. Teste Rege [as above]. (d)

The same for the same to the Earl Marshal.

Rex, dilecto et fideli suo Rogero le Bygod Comiti Norfolcie et Marescallo Anglie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectos et fideles nostros Magistros Ricardum de Abyndone et Walterum de Gloucestria ad partes Norfolcie et Suffolcie cum Litteris nostris de Credencia militibus et probis hominibus ac communitatibus comitatu urn eorundem directis pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus eis ex parte nostra per eosdem Ricardum et Walterum vel eorum alterum exponendis, vos rogamus cum affectu H. F.

11.

4

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quatinus circa expedicionem dictorum negociorum nostrorum, prout a prefatis Ricardo et Waltero vel eorum altero super hoc ex parte nostra fueritis requisiti, vestrum consilium et auxilium efficaciter impendatis. Ita quod negocia ilia, vestro mediante juvamine, felicem et optatum exitum sortiantur. Et hoc, sicut [as in (b)] nullatenus omittatis. Teste Rege [as above]. (e)

The same for the same to the Knights and Commonalty of the County of Norfolk.

Rex, dilectis et fidelibus suis militibus et probis hominibus ac toti communitati comitatus Norfolcie, Salutem. Dilectos et fideles nostros Ricardum de Abyndone et Walterum de Gloucestria pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus vobis per ipsos seu eorum alterum ex parte nostra vive vocis oraculo exponendis ad vos duximus destinandos, rogantes cum affectu quatinus eisdem Ricardo et Waltero vel eorum alteri in hiis que vobis dicent vel dicet ex parte nostra fidem credulam adhibentes ea facere velitis, sicut de vobis confidimus nostrumque et vestrum ac regni nostri commodum diligitis et quietem. Teste Rege [as above]. (f)

The Credentials and Instructions of the Commissioners for dealing with the men of the above Counties.

Ceo est la furme de la creaunce enveie a ceus qi sont assignetz en contes de Lincolne, Norfolc, Suffolc, Cantebruge, Huntendone et Derby. Seigneurs nous sumes cy envoietz par nostre Seigneur le Roi qi vous mande qe bien vous sovent ou doit sovenir coment vous de vostre gre e de vostre bone volonte, li grauntastes auntan a sa requeste aucuns bledz pur sa sustenance en sa busoigne d'Escoce, les queus bledz li ont moult valu e aide pur sa dite busoigne, de queu il se tient le plus tenuz a vous e vous ensiet grant gre; e pur ceo qil vous a promis par ses lettres overtes qe vous soietz paietz pur meismes les bledz del Quinzime en mesme le Counte, le Roi ad volonte qe vostre gre en soit fait, mes il est ore en Escoce ou il demoert a .grantz mises e grantz despens, pur gentz d'armes e gentz de pe e moultz des autres choses qe busoignables li sont celes parties, e bie a demorer iloques. Car il entent mettre ceste busoigne a bone fin e parfere procneinement, al aide de Dieu e d'entre vous, par quoi il li covendra aver uncore ausi grant purveance de vivres come il aveit auntan, ou plus; e a ore q'il est ore charge de despens en diverses maneres ne poet il suffir bonement de fere paiement pur cele purveance de auntan e pur cele q'il covendra ore de novel fere sanz aide de vous qi sovent li avetz avant aide. Dont il vous prie qe vous li voilletz uncore aider en tieu manere qe la paiement qe se devera ore fere du Quinzime pour les bledz avantditz seit respite jesqes a la Seint

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Johan, a paier adonques de mesme le Quinzime, sur quoi le Roi ad envoie ses Lettres Overtes as taxours pur le paiement adonque fere de meismes le Quinzime. E le Roi pur les bledz q'il ad ordene a prendre ou prendra en ceo counte paiera prestement a chescun sanz nule prise fere de ble par nul ministre q'il eit; ou, si vous voilletz qe eel paiement se face maintenaunt pur les ditz bledz de auntan, adonques voilletz aviser e ordener coment le Roi peusse estre mieutz servi des bledz dont il ad ore busoign pur sa sustenance de ici en avaunt; e il vous fera ses Lettres Overtes as taxours de fere le paiement a la dite feste de Seint Jehan de meismes le Quinzime. E vous prie qe vous voilletz conseiller e aviser quele des deus voies soit plus fesable, al honur du Roi e d'entre vous, e a meindre grevance de son poeple. (g) The Order of Payment referred to. Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum milites, probi homines et communitas comitatus predicti nobis ad rogatum nostrum pro sustentacione nostra et fidelium nostrorum nobiscum in exercitu nostro in partibus Scocie existencium quasdam bladorum summas duxerint concedendas, volentes pro bladis illis satisfied, sicut decet, vobis mandamus quod pro dictis bladis illis a quibus ea tradi et recipi continget ad opus nostrum in festo Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo futuro per visum et testimonium clerici quern ad hoc specialiter deputabimus de denariis dicte Quintedecime, de ultimo termino solucionis ejusdem, satisfaciatis. Et nos vobis inde debitam allocacionem ad Scaccarium nostrum fieri faciemus. Teste Rege [as above]. [Close Roll, 30 Edw. I, m. ij d {Part. Writs I. 400-2).] (ft) Instructions for payment to be made as arranged. Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum milites, etc. [as above] nobis ad rogatum nostrum respectum dederint usque ad festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo futurum de solucione illius summe pecunie in qua, pro bladis nobis nuper in comitatibus predictis ad sustentacionem nostram et fidelium nostrorum nobiscum in exercitu nostro in partibus Scocie existencium liberatis, tenemur; quam quidem pecuniam solvere promisimus de primis denariis quos levari contingeret in eodem comitatu de Quintadecima supradicta, prout in Litteris nostris Patentibus quas predicti homines et communitas inde habent plenius continetur : vobis mandamus quod prefatam pecunie summam illis a quibus predicta blada recepta fuerunt, per visum et testimonium clerici quern ad hoc specialiter deputabimus, de denariis dicte Quintedecime, de ultimo termino solucionis ejusdem, solvatis in festo predicto, recipientes nostras Litteras supradictas. Et nos vobis inde debitam allocacionem ad Scaccarium nostrum fieri faciemus. Teste Rege [as above]. [Ibid. p. 403, and Exchequer, Lay Subsidies, 149/1.] 4—2

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Writ under the Privy Seal giving further directions for the above Assignment (7 Jan. 31 Edward I).

Edward, etc. [as in No. 11] as Taxours e Cuillors du Quinzisme a nous grauntez a nostre darreine parlement de Nicole es Contes de Norfolc.Salutez. Comme les bones gentz du dit Contez nous eent presentez certeines sommes de bledz e de brees pur la sustenance de nous e de nostre houst en notre darrein voiage d'Escoce, les queux bledz e brees monsieur Robert Herewart notre visconte du dit countez e Wautier Bacoun nostre clerke ont receu, en nostre noun, pur enveer en Escoce, le nous lour eussiens promis de faire faire le paiement pur les dites choses du premier paiement que se leveret du dit Quinzime, sicome piert en nos Lettres Ouvertes sealees de notre Graunt Seal que nous enveasmes a les dites bones gentz e a la comunaute des ditz contez a demorer devers eux tantque le dit paiement se feist; e sur ce lour enveasmes ausint nos Lettres Ouvertes sealees de nostre dite Seal escrites a vos taxours avanditz, de garant, a faire le dit paiement par le veue d'un clerk que nous y enverrions ; vous mandons que des deniers du dit Quinzime que vous avez receuz devers vous par nostre mandement, veues ces Lettres, sanz nule maneer de delay ou d'excusation, en la presence le dit visconte e le dit Wautier, qui nous enveoms especiaument pur haster e sourveer le dit paiement, facez paier as gentz qui les ditz blez e brees nous a vent prestez les deners que nous lor deoms pour meismes les choses, selons le pris que nos ditz visconte e clerk vous feront assaver, fesantz Endenture entre vous e meismes nostre visconte e notre clerk contenent les sommes des bledz, e des deniers, e les nouns a qui les deniers serront paiez. Et recevants devers vous nos Lettres avantdites sealees de nostre Graunt Seal que nous envoiasmes a la dite comunaute, sicomme est desusdit. Et pur ce que nous avoms ceste busoigne trop a cuer, vous mandoms derechief, en le foy que vous nousdevez, que les dites gentz soient si bien e si en haste paiez qu'il eient voluntes de faire autre foiz notre requeste: Et voloms que si tost come vous avez le dit paiement fait, que vous enveez par aucun des voz en notre Garderobe, ou que nous soioms, ceste Lettre, ove les dites Lettres Ouvertes sealees de notre Graunt Seal, e ove l'Endentoure avant-dite. Et nous vous en feroms aver due acquitance. Donne souz nostre Preve Seal, a Odyham, le vij jour de Janveir, l'an de nostre regne xxxj. (/)

Indenture between Kings Collectors of the i/i$th and Sheriff of Norfolk specifying the repayment of the above Mutuum (32 Edward I).

Memorandum quod in anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo secundo facta fuit solucio per mandatum domini Regis pro bladis eidem domino Regi mutuatis in comitatu Norfolkie in anno regni sui vicesimo nono per Johannem le Breton, Petrum Roscelyn, Walterum de Calthorp et Robertum de Hakebeth, collectores Quintedecime comitatus predicti, et per visum et testimonium Roberti Hereward

Fiscal Assessments

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vicecomitis Norfolkie et Walteri Bacon clerici dicti domini Regis ad dictam solucionem supervidendam et testificandam specialiter deputati; videlicet, Johanni Ode et Hugoni Purry collectoribus bladorum in hundredo de Schrepham pro xiij quarteriis ij busellis frumenti, Liij s., precium quarterii, iiij s.; xxiiij quarteriis xl d. et xxij quarteriis v busellis avene, xxxvij s. viij d. ob., precium quarterii, xx d. Summa denariorum, viij /. xij s. iiij d. ob. [other names and amounts follow\. Summa tocius frumenti, Dxxxvj quarteria et dimidium; brasii, Dccccxiij quarteria j busellus; avene, Dcccxlix quarteria v buselli, et fabarum et pisarum lxiiij quarteria. Summa totalis denariorum pro dictis bladis, cccxxxvj /. xiij s. ix d. et ob. Ista indentura probatur et examinatur. [Endorsed^ Allocatur tot de victualibus. (k) Account of the Collectors. Dominis Johanni le Breton, Petro Rosselyn, Waltero de Kalthorp et Roberto de Hakebeth, nuper collectoribus Quintedecime Regi in comitatu Norfolcie, concesse pro denariis per ipsos solutis diversis hominibus comitatus predicti, per preceptum ipsius Regis, pro Dxxxvj quarteriis dimidio frumenti, precium quarterii iiij s., ixcxiij quarteriis j busello brasii, precium quarterii iij s. iiij d.c lxiiij quarteriis fabarum et pisarum, precium quarterii iij s. et viij xlix quarteriis v busellis avene, precium quarterii xx d. per eosdem homines Regis nuper mutuatis super Quintadecima in dicto comitatu levanda, ad expensa hospicii et exercitus sui in guerra Scocie anno presenti, quorum nomina, numeri quarteriorum, et summa unicuique soluta continentur in quadam Indentura tripartita inter eosdem collectores et dominum Robertum Hereward vicecomitem Norfolkie et Suffolkie et Walterum Bacon clericum ad dicta blada recipienda et ad partes Scocie transmittenda deputatos confecta et in garderoba liberata per predictos collectores ad compotum factum cum eisdem apud Westmonasterium xviij die Marcii anno xxxiij. cccxxxvj /. xiij s. ix d. ob. Frumentum. Iidem collectores reddunt compotum de Dxxxvj quarteriis dimidio frumenti receptis de diversis hominibus comitatus predicti per mensuram rasam sine advantagio. Summa, Dxxxvj quarteria dimidium frumenti. Et computat liberata domini Roberto Hereward, vicecomiti Norfolkie et Suffolkie, Dxxxvj quarteria dimidium frumenti de mensura rasa, de quibus idem vicecomes respondet in compoto suo superius, titulo isto, in una summa de Mccclxxvij quarteriis iij busellis frumenti receptis de communitate comitatus Norfolkie et Suffolkie. [Exchequer, Lay Subsidies, 149/1.]

54

Select Formulas of

30. The Nomina Villarum (9 Edward II). (a) Parliamentary Grant of a foot-soldier to be provided by every township in the Kingdom. Die veneris sequenti magnates et communitas regni concesserunt Regi, in auxilium guerre sue Scotie, de qualibet villa in regno unum hominem peditem, potentem et defensibilem, exceptis civitatibus, burgis et dominicis Regis; et erunt illi homines pedites armati aketonis et bacinettis, et parati gladiis, arcubus, sagittis, balistis, lanceis, seu aliis armaturis pro hominibus peditibus competentibus. Et homines sumptibus suis invenient dictis hominibus peditibus armaturas illas, et expensas suas quousque venerint ad locum ubi Rex excercitum suum pro dicta guerra faciet summoneri, et vadia eorundem peditum a diebus quibus ibidem venerint ulterius per sexaginta dies ibidem morando, vel ulterius, in obsequium Regis proficiscendo, videlicet cuilibet homini pediti per diem quatuor denarios, et si sit villa ubi est mercatum que de majori numero hominum peditum et eorum sumptibus poterit onerari, plus oneretur. Et Rex concessit facere Litteras suas pro se et heredibus suis magnatibus et communitati regni sui, quod hujusmodi concessio hominum peditum non cedet eis, aut heredibus suis, in prejudicium, nee trahatur in consequentiam in futurum. [Rot.Parl.I. 351.] (b) Writ requiring Information. Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Devonesire, Salutem. Quia quibusdam certis de causis certiorari volumus que et quot hundreda sunt in balliva tua, quorum sunt, et que et quot civitates, burgi et ville sunt in quolibet hundredorum illorum, et qui sunt domini eorundem, tibi precipimus, firmiter injungentes, quod modis et viis omnibus quibus plenius et diligentius poteris, te informes de premissis. Ita quod super proximum profrum tuum ad Scaccarium nostrum Thesaurarium et Barones nostros de eodem Scaccario possis inde plenius informare: et tu ipse in propria persona tua sis ad dictum Scaccarium super proximum profrum tuum ex hac causa, nisi tune licentiam a nobis habueris absens esse, et tune per ilium quern super dictum profrum tuum pro te mittes ad Scaccarium predictum Thesaurario et Baronibus predictis de premissis factis plenius informare. Ita quod in te vel in ipso quern pro te ad dictum Scaccarium sic mittes defectus aliquis non inveniatur per quod ad te graviter capiamus. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Clipstone, vto die Martii anno regni nostri nono. (c) The Return {for South Molton, co. Devon). Hundredum de Southmoltone, et est dominus ejusdem dominus Willelmus Martyn, in quo est unus burgus, videlicet, burgus de SouthMoltone, dominus ejusdem predictus Willelmus.

Fiscal Assessments

55

Villa de Tautone Episcopi cum Chytelhamptone, quod est membrum ad eandem ; dominus ejusdem Episcopus Exoniensis. Villa de Est Anstye cum West Anstye et Mollonde Champeaux et Bremybryugg, que sunt membra ad eandem; et est dominus ejusdem Johannes de Crewes. Villa de Knoustone Beaupel cum Westbrei, Blakepole et Warkele, que sunt membra ad eandem; et est dominus ejusdem dominus Robertus Beaupel. [Exchequer L. T. R. Misc. Rolls 2/2 {Parliamentary Writs, Vol. II. Div. 3, pp. 383 and 384.6).]

31. The Taxatio Pape Nicholai (1291 )—//«