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311MHIOIO 1939-1940 rr.
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TeJIbHO MJIM COBMeCTHO C apMMeH. KCTaTH, CC J.l WIOUKOP aKTHBHO COTPYllHH<J.aJlH. TaK, TOJIbKO B OKTl'l"6pe 1940 r. WIOUKOP HanpaBHJl B BOHCKa CC CBMwe 2 TbICl'l'l MOJlO,UbIX HHHOB (601lbWi1HCTBO H3 HHX CJl0)!(HJIO rOJlOBbI nOll CTaJlHHrpan.OM).
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BI1CII~IOCTI1 HHllSIHllCKOH Pecny6Jll1KH CoaeT H apOJ1HblX K oMI1ccapoB B nOJTHOM cor11aCIHI C npmlUl1naMI1 npaBa HaUHH Ha caMoonpe.neJIe H I1C nOCTaHOBJlSleT: SOHUI B UCHTpanbHblH H CnOJlHJ.1TeJlbHbIH KOMI1TeT C npCJLrlO)l(eHlleM: a) npl13HaTb rocy.aapcTse HHYIO HC3aSl1CI1MOCTb ¢I1HJ1SlH11CKOtl P ecny6Jl11KH J.1 6) opraHl130BaTb, no COr JlaWCHl11O C uH jJSl H11CKI1M n paSI1TeJlbCTBO:\I, oc06yfO K OM HCCl1fO 11 3 npeHCTaSl-fTe11eti 06CHX CTOpOH AilSl pa3pa6oTKH Tex npaKTI1'tCCKI1X MeponpUSlTl1tl, KOTOpble BblTeKalOT 113 OT,neJleHHSl HHJ1 SlH.IlIHI OT POCCIH! >!> . nOCTaHOBJTCHHC CoseTa H apo.llHblX KOMI1 CcapoB 11 11'·1 HO npliHSlJl B CMOJlbHOM n ep 3611H11 C6I1HXYSY.ll- npeMbep-MllHHC"J1I H06006pa30BaHHo ro rocY.llapcT6a. bOJlbWeSI1CTCKHC KO~ll1Ccapbl He JHanl1 , '{TO CSJ.1HXYSY.ll ewe S lleKa6pc
1917
r. 6CTynl1Jl B ncperosophl C He.\I Ua;\!H U oTnpasliJl SCC
30JlOTO ¢I1HJlSlHHCKOro 6aHKa 113 r CJlbC1IHrcPopca Ha cescp CTpaH bl. 6yp)!(yaJHOe npaSHTeJlbCTBO ¢I1HJlSlH.IlI1H s oKTSl6pe
1917
r. nposc-
JlO raHHYiO onepaUHfO no cKynKc 3cpHa Y KpeCTbSlH no 'tpe3Sbt'laHHo JaSblWeHHblM l!eHa~1. 3aK}'nJleHHOe JCpHO 6blJl0 cKJlanUpOSaHo TaK)l(e Ha ceBepe C"J1IaHb1. YCflblwas 0 60JlbWIIX 3aKynKax 3cpHa no BhlrOllHblM ueHa~l, KpCCTbSlHe $aKTI1'{cCKI1 npeKpaTHJlI! npOlla)l(Y 3Cp Ha B ropo.aax no 05b1'IHbiM UCHaM .
B CTpaHc Ha'lancSi rOJ10.ll.
n pell.YCMOTpeHHbIC 6 nOCTaHOIL1CHHI1 COBera HapOllHblX KO~1I1C capOB npaKTlt'{CCKI1C McpOnpHSlTI1S1 no OT11CJlCHHIO ¢UH11S1Hlll1J.l OT POCCHH He ycne1111 OCYlllCCTBHTbCSI 06pa30SaHI1eM napl1TCTHOH COseTCKO-cPHHJlSlHllCKOH KOMHCCHH, TaK KaK B HH JlSl HllHH Ha'lanaCh rpa)!(llaHCKaSi BoHHa. 8 HO'lb Ha \0 SlHBap51 1918 r. 11 Ha'{a..1HCbCTOJlKHOBeHH5I. wlOUKopa C SOOPY'KCHHbIMH OTpSl.aaMH cPHHCKHX pa60,{Hx (KpacHoH raapllH eti) . 12 flHSap51 CCHM npl1JHan WlOUKOP npaSJ.1TeJlhCTBeHHhlMI1 BOHCKaMH .
16
SlHsapSl CCHaT, nOJlY'I HBW H i1 OT CCtlMll tlpe3Bbl'·I3HH blC nOJl-
HOMO'HlSl. Ha3HaYH11 6bIBwero uapCKoro reHcpana K apJla rYCTaBa
MaHHepreHMa rnaSHOKOMaHD.yIOWJt:.1 Eenotl rSapLll1etl l2 . B rOpOLle Baca (HI1KOnaHWTaLlT) 6blJl COmaH nOnI1TI1'1eCKI1HI1 SOeHHbl H UeHTp KOHTppesOnIOUI1I1.
23 .IIHBap.ll
n apTl1i1 HblH COBeT Cnn$ 06pa30Ban Pa6o'II1i1l1cnon-
HI1TenbHblH KOMI1TeT -
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26 .IIHBa-
p.ll KOMI1TeT OTLlaJI npl1Ka3 Pa6o'lel1 mapLlI1J.t 0 nOLlfOTOSKe K 3aXBaTY Bcex npaSHTenbCTBeHHblX Y'lpe>KlleHI1H 11 CTpaTer J.t 'leCKI1X nyHKTos.
27
.IIHBapR KOMlneT 06paTI1nc.II C « PeSOJlIOUI10HHbIM B033BaHI1eM K
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28 .IIHBap.ll B fe11bCl1Hr¢>opce OTp.llD.bl KpaCHOH raap-
,il1111 B OTseT Ha TeppoP"CTI'1eCKl1e SblCl)'rmeHI1.II6e..lofsaplleHCKl1X '1aCTeH JaH.IIJU1 maHI1.11 COBeTa l1.apyme ueHrpanbHble Y'lpe)l(JleH I1.11 . Eyp)Kya3Hoe npaSiolTeJlbCTSO 6e)KaJlO 113 fellbCl1Hf$opca. ccPoPMl1poaaHo peSOlllOUl10HHoe npaBI1TenbCTBO -
28 .IIHaap.ll
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ro nOJIKa COcrORJlOCh BCH'IaHl-le Kaplla rycTaBa MaHHepreHMa C AHaCTaCHeH ApanoBoH, 1l0'-lepblO reHCpan-I-.!aHopa HI1KOJlaR ApanoBa, BXOllHBwero B C8Hry Ero B eJlH'ICCTBa. B npOWJ10.\! OH TaK)I(e 6blJl KasaneprapHOM. 3aTeM COCTORJlaCh ewe OllHa uepeMOHHH Beli'IaHI1H, ItO Y)f(e 1I0Ma, no )lfOTepaHCKOMY 06pHllY. DeJlo Ii TOM , ' ITO, ueCMorpR Ha npocb6ht HeseCTbl, KapJl rYCTaS OTKa3aJ]CR ncpeHTI1 B npallOCJl3SHe. B 8 'laCOB Be'lep3 MOJlO1l0)!(eHhl ceJ1H B noc3.Il 11 OTnpaBHJ1l1Cb B MOCKBY, 'ITO 6b! npOBecn1 MCHOBblH MCCRU S I1MeHl111 AHaCTaCHI1 YcnCHCKoe, HaXOllHBWC.\fCR Ha 6epery MOCKBbl-PCKI-1 S \ 4 KM OT MOCKSbL EapCK\II.H 110 M B YcnCHCKOM nOXOllHJl Ha HaCTOHWI1H ll110peu -
Mpaf>lOpHble JlCCTHI-1UbI, 44 KOMHaThl, 06CTa8JIellllhlC aHTH'l-
HOH Me6cJlhlO.lloM OKpp'an rpOMaD.HbIH napK, HMe.'lHCb npcKpacHble KOHIOWHH. AHaCTaCI-1H npHHCCJla npHJlaHOC B 800 TblCR'1 py6nCH n oD. petlry S 14 TbICR'1 py6ncH. B 1904-
1905 rr. ponll-1CTP MaliHeprc~M npl-1HH1I Y'laCTI-1C B pyc-
CKO-HnOHCKOH SOH He . Jlo 1917
r. OH I1cnpallHO CJlY)f(J.1)l
Ii PYCCKOH
apMl1l111 He HHrepeCOllMCH nOJTI1TI1KOH. 3a6aBHO, 'ITO ra3eTa ¢I1HCKI1X HauifOHaJH1CTOB .Ce0601lHOC cJloeo», nC'laTaBwaHCH 3a rpaHI1UCH H HCJlCraJIbHO npHB03HBwaRcH B c:t>IHIMIHD.J.1lO , ony6J1l1KOBana 'lCpHb1l1 CntiCOK rex ¢mlHoB, KOTOPblC Bepoi-1 1-1 npaBD.OH CJl}')KHlll1 caMOllCp)I(aBI1IO. B 3TOM CnJ.1CKC 6blJlO 11 1-11'.1$1 MaIlHcprei1Ma. KaK nHca..l ¢HHCKHH HcrOpHK Bci10 McpH: «B 310T ncpHoLl )l(H3HH M aHHeprefi:M npe3pHTeJJbli0, S I1rpHBOH, CBOHCTBCHHOH WKOJlbHI1KaM MaHepc OTlblllaJICR 0 ¢HHCKOM H3blKC H q,HHHOH3bl l lHbIXJllOJlHX. B03MO)!(HO, :no 6blJllOMOP IDKOJlbHI1KOB crapwl1x K..laCCOB. JIeTOM 1905 rOlla OH nl1CaJI cecrpe CO¢I1 , C06l1puBwei1cR B TaBucrJl aHll y'HiTb ¢HHCKHH, '-ITO :310 R3blK '1y.nu. 4YJlb -
HCTOpH'IeCKOC Ha3Ba-
HIIC, 6blBwec B xo.ny Y PyCCKHX. MaHHeprcl1M CO)l(arte,l, 'ITO cecrpa e.neT He B WBeUl1lO, HanpUMep, a onHTb K 3TH.'.I "'1YXOHuaM". nOCJle B03Bpa weHI1R C BOHHhl OH KO BCC.\IY OTHOCHJlCH TaK )l(e .
OH
nl1CaJI, 'ITO c06HpaeTCR nocrynaTb B nonHUHlO, nOCKOJlbKY B )l(aH-
.IlapMeplH1 MO)KHO BbIC)lY)KIHb 110 BblCOKI1X nOCTOB . MaHHeprCHMY Ka3aJJOCb, 'ITO Ha SOHHC ero 3acnyrl-i He 6b1nH oueHeHbI no ,UOCTOI1HCTBY, 'ITO ero OT011sI1Hynl1 B CTOpOHy» ll . H o no nocrynneHIHI B )KaHllap~lbl lleno He 1l0WllO. BepHYBWI1Cb 113 MaHb'I)KYPI1I1 B H05l6pc 1905 r., M aHHeprCt1M y3H3J1 , 'ITO cro a11.111111151 3Ha'lI1TC5I Cpelll1 SHOSb Ha3Ha'leHHbIX KOMaHlll1pOB OO)lKOB. OKTH6pbCKaR PCBOJlIOUl1st JaCTaJla MaHHepreHMa B OllCCCKOM BOeHHOM OKpyre. B KOHue Hostfipst 1917
r. OH nonpOCI-i)lCst B OTnYCK
«Ha lle'leHHe». nepeOlleaWI1Cb B WT"3.TCKOe nnaTbe . MaHHepreHM e.neT B n erporpau. a 1811eKa6pR TOro >KC rOlla HO'IHOH nOC31I113 nCTporpaLla npl1B0311T MaHHeprei:iMa B re..1bCI1Hropc. Pa3 He YlI.anaCb )KaHllapMCKa$l Kapbepa, TO nO'leMY 6b1 He CTaTb BO)l(,lleM l1HHbl)')ICe B $I Haapc 1918
r. CT3J1H cosepwaTb BOopY>KeHHble Ha-
naD.CHHJi Ha '1 aCTI1 PyccKoA apMH H, .a11c.nOUl1poaaHHbIC B Cl>I1HJIHHD.HH . 3a.nHI1M '1I1CJIOM cpHHCKl1e nOlll1TI1KH H I1CTOPI1KI1 onpaBllblSaJll1 CBOIO arpecc l1lO nOD..llep)K Ko i1: 60JIbweBI1CTCKoro npaBI1TCJlbCTBa cI>I1HJI$lH)lCKOH COUHaJHICTH'ICCKol1 pa60'-lCH pccny6J1l1KI1. 06SHHCHII$I 3TI1 RBHO He Bbl.llep.lKI1BatOT KpYlTI1KI1. PyCCKl1e BoJiicKa B cI>I1HJlRH,U1111 cpaKTl1'leC KH CTaJll1 Hcfioecnoco6HblMH ~e oceHblO 191 7
r.
n O.llaBJl5IIOwee 60JlbWI1HCTBO PYCCKI1X CO)l.1laT, Haxon.I1BWHXC$I B cI>I1HJl5IH.nI1J1 K cpeBParIJO 191 8 r .• HC YlMCJ10 HI1 MarICH wcro )KCJlaHHH Y'-laCTBOBaTb B rpa)l(J].aHcKoi1: Bol1He , a Me'lT3J10 n l1Wb cnOKoJiiHO yexaTb B POCCHIO. 0I1UCPbl.lKC B OCHOBHOM KpaHHC OTpHUaTeJlbHO OTHOCI1J1I1Cb K 60JlbWeBHKaM. 11 nOlI.03peBaTb I1X S nOMOllil1 KpacHblM I1HHaM npocTO Helle no. 4 T06bl 1136c>KaTb 06BI1HCHHI1 B np~lCTPaCTHOCTH , npoUl1nlpylO CTaTbJO .HJlbMapa nI1H.acpa, 351TH MaHHcprel1Ma, ony6Jll1KOsaHHYlO B cI>I1HmIHlI.I1U 28 MaH 1918 r .: «To, 'ITO npOI1CXO.ll.HT B CTpaHe, Y)Kac HO. H CC~iOTp51 Ha 3anpeT r JlaBHOKmlaHlI.YlOlUero, paccrpeJlbl npolloll)KaJOTCH 6ecnpcpblBHO. KpaCHoe 6C3YMCTBO CMeHHllOCb 6cJlb[1..1 TeppOpOM. PaccrpeJlbJ TeM fiollce llalOT BnC'-IaTJICHI1C nOllHoro npou3Bo-
na,
nocKoJ1bKY >KepTB BblfiupalOT . 1 Ka3HHT B MecTax. f.lle He
coaepWaJiOCb HI1KaKI1X aKTOB HaCJ.1J1I1H. B )larep5lX 1U151 BOCHHonJIe HHblX Y3HI1KI1 MPyr KaK MYXI1» 15 . H CTOPI1K BeJiio Mcpl1 nl1CaJi: «npcilynpellUTCJlbHOi-l MCPOs1. H OCHOBOI1 60Jlee )f(eCTKOfO Kypca 51BI1J10Cb 11 pacnopH)KCHI1C, 06elUaB-
wee OKOH'-IaTenbHO paJAenaTbCSI C pyCCK~I:'1I1, npIIHJ1MaBWIlMI1 y'-laCTl1e B 60Slx. 3T11 pYCCKl1e CJ1Y>KI1}UI C08eTHHKa,\m , nyneMeT'H1KaMI1 ,
ap1lUlJlepH~1I111 WTa6m;raMH. n ocne B3.1IT11S1 T aMMep¢lopca
200 pyc-
CKIIX 6bliIO Ka3HeHO Ha TaMMcpoPCCKOM aOK331Ie. CPClll1 HHX OKa3ami Cb 6enbic pyccKl1e oHuepbl, np.llTaaWI1CC.II B ropolle. B B bi60pre TO>KC paCCTpeiI.IInl1 83.11TblX B nneH PYCCKI1X, B TOM '-I11 c,,1e rpIDK.D.aHCKI1X 11I1U, MaJlO Toro,ll.IDKe nOJl.llKOa, KOMMcpcaHTOB n npellnp~IHI1MaTene~, non,n,ep>KltBaBWI1X 6eJlytO apMl1tOlt!6 . COBeTCKoe npaBI1TCnbCTBO a neTporpa.a.e CH MnaTI13HpOBaJlO KpaCHbiM HHHaM, HO 3aSlBHJlO 0 CBoeM He11Tpa.-111TeTe , onacaSiCb repMaHI1I1 . JlCHI1H H TpOUKl111 60.llJll1Cb npl1MeH~ITb CI1JlY lla)KC 1lJISi laWl lTbl >KH3HH PYCCKI1X COnD.aT 11 MarpocOB, a TalOKe BoeHHoro IHlyutCCTsa B ¢lI1HJlSlHmHl. B ncpBOH ,n;eKaae .IIHBapSi
1918 r . 6e..10HHHbl
no lIbllY nO.ilOW)111
K P}lD.y OCTPOBOB AnaHD.CKOrO apxlmcnara Ii Hananl1 Ha D.HCJlOUl1pOBaHHblC TaM nOD.paJACnCHI1S1 PYCCKo!l apMHH . .ileMOpaJIl130BaHHble COJlllaTbl npaKTH'ICCKl1e HC OKa3blBaJl I1 COnpOTI1BJlCHH.II. C KpynHblMH COCllI1HeHI1S1WI pyCCKI1X BotkK 111111 Kopa61lc~
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no I-IHHblllCHCTSOBaJll1 60nCC-MCHCC OCTOpO>KHO, a C He60JlbWltMI1 1130Jll1pOBaH HblMH nOApa31lCnCHI1S1M '-II1HI1Jl1! pacnpaBy no CBoeMY yC:'1OTpCHI1IO. n pI1BCD.YTCKCT BCCbMa xapaKTepHOH TCJlcrpaMMbl Ha-
16 SlHB3pR 1918 r. : 5000 '-ICnOaCK, BOOpY)KCH-
'-IaJlbHI1KaA60-A..1aHAcKoH WXCPHOI1 n0311ml11 OT c r . B aca Ja HRT 6enoA rBapl U1cA CBblWC
HOH Opy.aI1HMI1, nyneMeTaMH , HaWHMH BI1HTOBKaMH , Ino.al TBepllblM PYK080D.CTBOM HeMCUKI1X oI1UCpOB. ConpOTHBJlCHHC OKaJaTb HC MOry, caM >KllY JaXBaTa. H a'l aJlbHI1K A60 - AnaHllCKOH wx ep HO~ no3I1UI1H ... OH IH3'-1aJ1bHl1K A60-AnaHD.CKOH wxcpHoA n03I1UI1I1 ) }')KC apCCTOB3 H, D.CP>KaJlI1Cb TOllbKO Ha paLll10CTaHUI111, paAOHa IcnY>K6bl CBRJI1) HeT. CnY>K6a CB.IIJII BCSI apCCTOB3H3. npl1eM , MO>KCT 6blTb, nOCnCllH I1H.llC>KYPHbl n Tcn crpaI1cr..
15 eBpaml 1918
r . K OCTpOBY AnaHll nOD.owen o1"pSl.lt WBCD.CKHX
Kop a6J1CI1. WBCllbl npe.abRBI1JlI1 PYCCK11M 80AcK3M ynbTJ.1MaryM -
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6 '-Iacos yrpa 18 eBpaJI.II 3 BaKYllp0BaTb C AnaHlla BCC pYCCKl1e BOHCKa Ha WBCllCKI1X cy.aax B PeBcnb. Bce BOCHHoe 11:'l yuteCTBO OCTaB~lTb lIa MeCTe , JaI1CIU11O'ICHl1eM _OD.HOI1 BI1HTOBKH Ha '-IC1l0BCKa* . He nO,\1OfJlO 11 BMCWaTCJlbCTBO pYCCKoro KOIicyna B W BeUl111 BawaBa B OpoBcKoro. B KOHue KOHUOB , BoeHHoe I1MywecTBo npl1WJlOCb OTllaTb WBe.aaM 116e,lcxp IIHH aM . Oc06ylO ueHHOCTb npenCTaBnSlll l1 6eperoBble fiaTapel1 A60 - A..la HllC KOH n0311U1HI.
Y)KC a SlHsapc
1918 r.
a Bacc nOSIBIUlI4Cb llCC}lTKH waellCKHX 0$1-1-
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1918 r.
6blllO Ka3HeHO 8400 KpaCHbl X
q,I1 HHOB, cpe,I HI KOTOPbl X 6 blllO 364 MaJlOlleTHl1 e llCBO·IKH . narepSlx B :n o BpCMH norl1 6no
12,5 TbICR "
B KOHU -
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B narepH 6blllO 3arHaHO CTonbKO Hap Olla, 'ITO ceHaT B Mae 1918
r.
npeDJIO)!{Hll MaHHeprcHMY omYCTHTb npOCTbIX KpacHoraa pllefiueB. 'IT06bl 6blllO KOMY 3aHHTbCH noccsHoA (s Jo OT OTpS!llOB 6eno$ 11HH OB. H o COBe TCKoe npaB HTCJlbCTBO 60flllOCb He~IUCB 11 nonbITallOCb npOTSlH)'Tb BpeMS! B neperOBopax. 3aMKH)!{e 305/52 - MM H 254/45 - MM OPYlll1H $ opTa M HO 6blJlH CHS!Tbl lt OTnpaBJleH bI B K POHWTallT, a caM $OpT nO!lrOTOBlleH K B3p blBY. K ¢OPTY H HO n 01l0 Wll J.1 llHHKOp « Pecny 6J1 HK a~ J.1 m lH OHOCCU . n pbITK I1 H>Jo. MHTCpecHo, 'lTO HeM Ubi He npOHBI1J1J.1 Ja IfHTepeCOBaHHOCTH B Bonpoce 06 M HO Ii nonpocry OTMaJi'lHBaJi IfCb. H o
12 MaS! TpOUKHA
ompaBllll 113 MOCKBbl TeJlerpaMMY KOMaH.ayIOUleMY i3anTHt1CKH M ¢lnOTO~I: . Ecn I1 6y.aeT npoU3BelleHO peWI1TCJJbHOe HanaaeH l1e (¢HI H-
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npl1HJlTOe peweHl1e 11 .aOJl)K HO 6blTb npOli3Be!le HO YHII'ITO)!(eHHe ¢OpT3, npl1'1eM K pOHWTaaT Hii B KoeM CJI)"Iae He .llOJl)!(e H n p" H I1MaTh Y'laCT IIS! B BoeHH blX lleACTBHHX H3-3a ¢op Ta M HO •. K OMCH.llaHT KPOHWTMTCKOH Kpe n OCTI1 A praMOHOB peWHll He KOHQ>Jl HKTOBaTb C T POUKHM II npHKa3aJt B30pBa~ b UHJI5IHl1Hll roTosa nOHTH Ha MHp C COSCTCKOi1 POCCHCH Ha «YMepeHHbIX ycnOBHllX&, TO eCTb CCJlH K ¢>HHJ1}{Hl1IHl OTOH.ayr BOCTO'IHall Kapemlll , 'laCTb MypMaHCKOH )l(enc3Hoi1 iloporH H BeCb KOllbCKJ.1H nOJIyoCTpOB. 15 MapTa reHepan MaHHeprei1M nOilnUCaJI npHKaJ 0 BbicrynJleHHH Ha JaBoeBaHHe BocrO"l.HOA KapeJIUH TpeX I. MaHHcprei1M yrsepllHJI «nJIaH BaJIJICHHyca&19, TO eCTb nllaH JaXBaTa PYCCKOI1 TeppmOpl1H nOJIHHHH neTcaMO Eic,10e Mope -
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UCJlCCOO6pa3HO BCKPblTHC npOl13HOmITb 152~M~1 qlyracHblM'1 CHapll11aMI'1. T oma npll 06HapY;+:CHIHt 1130Ta orOHb Ha ero pa3pyweHilc npon.o..l;+:,UHl Bccm [52~MM KC-
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6uu. B CKPbIHI C H pa3pYWCHHC ;lOJlrOBpC,\ICHHoro cOOpy>KCHI1H B03JlaranOCb Ha OllHY Ii TY >KC 6aTapcJO, nonOMY ncpHOll BCKPblTHH CJlHBanCR C ncpHOllOM pa3pYWCHI1H.
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TlOCTeneHIlO y~ICHbWa.JIOCb. H aKOUCU , W~322 060mCL1a TpaHcnopT ~I . pa3sepHYSUlI1Cb, aTaKOBana ero Topnell0H 113 HOCOBoro annapaT3
C llIlCT3HU~1I1 6-7 Ka6clIbToB.
B 23
'156 MI1H nOC11ellOB nOll BOllOH, a nOJW6aK 11 ,\ IOCTIIK OCTanl1Cb BlIllHbl Han. nOBepXIIOCTblO BOllbl. 3a 56 '\lIiHyr no TpaHcnopTY GblJlO BblnYUleHo 140 CHJP5l)1.0B.
B 3T01 neH b
Bce <j:lJI HC-
Kile MJ5IKI! GblJHl norywcllbl , 'ITO YCJlO}KWIJlO llci1cTBHe JlOilKJi W -311. n QCJlC nOTonJ1CHn51 ilBYX
ill -324
06l1apY>KUlla UJCD.UJylO 11 HaD.-
BOllIIO.\1 nO,10:KCHI1I ! .
B CBHJI·I
C YXY.l1WCIHICM JlelloBOJI 06cTa ll oBKIt Ha TC-
aTpc C 23 SlHllapH Jle rKIlC CII11b1 npCKpaTlIJ1l1 60cBble ilCllCTBml no OCYWCCTBJleHl1iO 6JlOKa.rL.bl. 4 eTblpe ¢H1HCKI1C nOllBOllHble nOll,KII HeCKOJ1bKO paJ BblXOAllml B .\ Iope, HO UM Hit paJy ue YllaJIOCb aTaKosaTb COBeTCKHe cY.l1a. ¢llmCKIIC 6POHCHOCUbi 6eperoaoA 06opoHbl OTCTaUB3JiIlCb B illxcpax y A60 11 B 60eBbi x llcrtCTBI1S1X He Y'lacTBOBaJIU. 18 SlHBapSl 1940 r. Onl1H O'1Hb111 COaC TCKI1H 60M6apmrpoBlliHK C BblCOTbl 5 KM C6pOCI111 ilae 60M6bl Ha CTOSlBWHi1 Ha flKOpC B K OTKC tl>IIHCKHH Boopy;4(eHHblH Jle.nOKOJI .. TapMo\> BOllOI1JMelllCHllCM 2300 TOHH. H , '{TO yAHBl1TCilbHO, C TaKOH BblCOTbl 1l0611JlCSI npHMoro nOnanaHI1R. J1e1l0KOJl6bI JI CHJlbHO nospe)f(D.eH , norl16Jlo 39 'ICJlOBeK. n o naHUbLM MaAcTcpa, B 1939- 1940 rr. UHJlH HJUHI nOTepHlla 71 CY.l1HO. H 3 UIlX Ha 60eBbLe Kopa61111 npuxOllHJ10Cb 14 (n TO~I 'II1CJ1e 4 Ka~loHe pC KH eJlOl1KH, 1 CTOPO)f(CBOH Kopa6Jlb,
I
CTOPO:+:CSOH KaTep,
4 ~II1HHbIX 3a r paill1TeJlH, 4 TpanblllllKa). OCT3J1bHbIC 57 CYilOB -
BcnQ.\!OraTeJl bH blC (n TO;\I 'I l-l CllC
4 napOXOD.a , 6 6YKC l-l POB , 4
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40
2 BOCHHblX TpaHCllopTa,
pa3J1H'IHblX KJTepOS , 23CM-
JlC'lcpna..l bH blX CHapH!la ) . n o !laHHblM TpY!la «ConeTcKO-¢IIHJHIH!lCKa~1 BOrllia 19391940 r r. Ha ;\IOpC», 6a..rl T1 l iiubl nOTcpHJJ l l 198 'ICJlOBCK y6l-lTbIMII, 52 npo naJUI 6e3 nCCTH , 392 6bl;l0 paHcH O. B cPeBparle 1940 r. ;\IOPllKH EMTl1l1CKOro Q>JlOTa OKa3.:'Ul11 CYWCCTBCHliylO nm.IOlllb PK KA B C03.ilatHlIl J1C1l0BbiX 1l0por 'Iepe3
I1HllSl IIlll-1l-1) l-1306I1J1YCT Ylto6HblMU
raBa~tAMl-1
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a rp}lJla OCTPOHOll, npo-
TSl HYBWa}lC}1 lIa CCBCPC 03cpa, npcilcTaBmlcT npl-1ponHblii 6apbep, C nm.IOUlblO KOTOpOro HCTPYJlHO 6b1J1o nperpM.HTb nOllcryflbl K (PHHC KII.\1 BoeHIl0-MopCKL1M 6a3a.\1 H ToproBbI,\1 nopTaM. H a060poT, B IO)KHoii 'Iacnl 03cpa na)KC MeJJKI1C Kopa6ml nO'1T11 Hl-trne HC MOfml HailTI1 YKPblTI1Sl OT ceBcpHblX BeTpoB , a CllIIIICTBCHHblf[ nopT WlUtCcCi lb6ypr, KOTOpbJH MOf cnY)I(llTb nocHHo-MOpCKO~ 6a3011 , pacno11o lKelt B fii y6., HC W 11 ltccc11 b6yprcKoil ry6b1, 06b1'HIO 3aMepJalOWeii paHee npo'Hlx pai101toB o J cpa» 5J . HellocpcncrHCHHbJM npono;J)Ke~llle:-"1 «l1I1HIIII MaHHcpreihla» Iia BoeToK , a TaK)KC npl1KpblTI1CM ec co CTOpOllbJ Jla)101KCKOro oJepa SlB.T JSl,laCb CltCTe"m 1l0; lfOIlPCMCHHbIX 6aTapci1 , nporH!tyBlUaSlO[ OT ,\ll>lca 51pLtC LllHI!-IHcMI'\ Ita lOre 'JcpeJ ocrpoB K OHCBCllH partoH KIIKl-lC ~1Il )10 OCTpOBa n yrca.!10capl-1 Ha CCBCPC II no BCCti rpHllC ocrpOliOB
(noncpCK CCBCPllOti 'IaCnl oJcpa) OT OCTponll CYPH llO OCTpoBa Malt'1ItHeapt! lIK;llO'IUTCJ[bHO. 13 11C110.\1 :,l Ta CI·lCTCMa, I1MCHOUaBllla}ICS[
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TOB L1 np~lp01.I.HblMH npellHTcrBL1SlMII B U~l D.e 03cpa CYBaHTo H PCKIt TalfrJa..lcHiioKIt, It C03)1aJ11lCb yCl IOBIISl , 1l0CflpCmlTeTBOBaBw~l c 6b[CTpO""y npOIIBl1)1(CHlBI HaUlcH 7-li apM~lIl ria CCBCp. (t>~IHCK,H1 J1aJIOJKcKaSl <j)llOnln !H1 COCTOSl11a 113 WeCTl1 KaHOHcpCK~IX
110llOK, llByX 11CllOKOJIOI.lI140-50 MOroPHl>lX K1 llpOHaMIl nOH
nOKpOBO~1 HO'lHOrt TCMHOTbl6blJllI BblBClleHbl H3 r3aaHil CaYHaHllcMH B 03CPO, HO
20 .ae Ka6pH
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per, a OCTl BpeMcHeM Jlell B paiioHc CT05lHKl1 oTpHna oKpcn , J.1 na.rlbHeflwee npe6blSJHIle Kopa6JJeti y OTKPblTO!"O 6cpcra CTaJ10 IleBOJ,\ !O)!(Hb!.\!. K I ~HBapH TOJILUIIHa Jlblla nOCTHrJl! « PaJBCll'lI1KU» II «,[lOJOpHOro» npH C)!(aTlHl rp03 ~l JJU onaCHOCTb 6blTb pa3naBJ1CHHbl :.I1l JIbnOM . B 3THX YCJlOIHiHX HC OCTaB
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24
paJ61H1C~1 II n)'TII , a llPyrofi 6 blll CHll bllOH
nOBpeIKD.C H ), 30 «rJl<Jmla TopOB», 12 «JlI13<J Hn.CPOIl», II «xapPI1 Kerl-
10 « r Jlan l1OKKCp CX" 11 «ct>oKKep CV-E» npll,\ICH}l J1HCb KaK 60Mfiapn.l1poBlliH KL1 , WTyp M O BHK~l H p a3BCll'lH KH .
B
XOllC 60eBbiX
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13
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13
«OKKCP eV-E» "l1>o""co ex» li.~lK6cPIi «Palinoll llF» ,dOm,cpc K-43»· ',OKK~P D.XX1» Y'lcfiHO-TPCIIllPOBO'lltbIC II CBJl3IIMC ca.\tOHCTLI. RT. 'I. 2 Fi-156 "WTOPX» $OKKCp D.XX I r!lOeTCp "rJlamtaTop-lI»
7 4 9 5 3
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19
36 9
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10
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8
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6 3
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145
J.13 mix 60crOTORbiX
115
• n ormBBKoBbl H napll:lllT WBC11CKOro npOfl)B011CTBa. lleHCTBHH BbIRBHllaCb HX BblCOKa51 )l(HBY'IeCTb OT orH51 3eHIITHOfi a p nfJ1nepHU. T CM He MCHee «¢OKKepb[» ex ~l eV-E nOHeCJHl 60JlbWHe nOTepH .
K
KOHllY BoHH bl B aBHanOJlKY
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16
HC-
npaBHblX CX H weCTb CY-E, npH TOM , 'ITO B XOlle 60eB aBHanOJlK nOJlY'H1 J1 113 W BellHH Tp l1 CV-E. ll}"-lW I1MH m GblJlJI , eCTeCTBCHHO, aHrJ1HiicKite "OJleHHXeHMbl» ( H « B5II1'·ICMSIHHCH». B ncpBble IKC LIlia lIIHI BOI1Hbl nCT'HIKH 6 aJIHli1 cKoro ll!Gpa. TaK, HAo· 500. LlnR :noti ucml 6 bblO npoll lscncHo 1397 caMOllCTO·SbIJlCTOS. KaKoD;t\c PC3YJlbTaT? U HTlIPYIO .COBCTCKO-III111RIUlCKYIO BOtiHY 1939- 1940 rr. Ha Mopc. : . B pacnollo;t\cllLlL1 6aTape ll PHCTH II C-
~t11 Y OilHoro opyaHR 06l1apy;t\cHbl I tBC BOPOHKLI, 06pa30 llasUJllccH OT p.13pblBOB 60M6 4>Ao -250 u 25 '·1 60 M OT UCIHpa Opy.n~HI, \I 01lHa BopOHKa S 40 M OT BTOpOro opyallR. H a 6aTapcc n YKKII O O!lHa GO ~1 6a Cl>Ao - 250 pa30pB59 . B IITore 1111 011HO 11 3 6CpCrOlll>IX opym fii (PUHHOS IIC 6bl JlO BbIBCHC HO 113 CTpOR. H eYHa llHO 3a KOH'Ul naCb II nonbl TKa y~Ul\{TO;t\CIHHI C B031lyxa qlllHCKHX 6POHCHocueB 6cpc r oBoi1 060POHbi . BatiHaM aHclIlt" . Yl Jl bMapHHCII • . ElUC!lO BOlIH bl WIR aTaKlIlIX 6blno nOnrOTOBJJCl lO 24 60.\ 1Gapnl1pOIJWIIKa LI6-3 I- ro MIJIIlIO-TOpne.i1HOrO aBLlanOJlKa. Cl>I1I1CKIlC 0POIICIiOCUbl , nonallHblM pa3BcnblBaTCJlbl~blX CBOHOK, C 27 no 29 HoS{6pR 1939 r. oGHapY;t\H SaJlI1Cb B pa3HbiX nYIiKTax wxcp OT KOTKII 110 X aHK o . n 03TO.\ I Y JlJlH HaH cceH HH ynapa TpC60BMOCb npc)Kllc nccro YC TaHOBIITb LI X TOIIII OC MCCTOH aXO)K.iJ.CHIlC. 30 HOR6pH tla nOllCK 6 POH CHOCllCS BblJlCTCJlO .ilsa 3UCH a ca MOllCTOB LIo-3.
OmlO
U 3 HH X nOll;t\ HO 6bll lO npOBCCTl-1 pa311CnK~' wxcpHofi
nOllOCbl MC)KJly K OTKOlII1 XCll bCIIHKII, a BTOpOC B pai10Hc XCJlbC HII · KII -
TYPKY . n epBoe 3BC HO 6POHCHOCUCB I~C oOHapY:4ol110. ~IO Han
XCJl bClIIlKIl nonaJIo n OH CIIJlbHbUI 3CHLITHblti orOHb. LIsa caMOJleTa
6bl ll~1 COIiTbl , nOrLI6 II KOMa~l n llp 3BC~la KanliTaH OCllbCKI I H. B TOPOC 3BCHO MaHopa n pc06p.a:+:cHcKo r o OTml'I HO npoLl 3BCJ10 pa3BC11Ky LI B 12 ' I 30 MLHI 06Hap}')K11110 06a 6POHcHocua, CTmIBW LI :'1LI Ha RKOpC CCBcpHce OCTpOBa PycCI
200 M lIa OlllHl ltJ 6POHCIIOCUCB, npll-
'ICM 6bUlO 06cTpcmlHo lC HIiTH bl M orHeM C 060ux Kopa6Jlcit
LIB
1l0HCCC Hmi Mafiopa n pc06pa)KcHc Ko r o 06 06l1apY)KclIlIII
6po tiCHocueB 6cpcroBofl o6oPOHbl B pa£toHe XaHKO 6b1J11 I nOJlY'ICII b[ wTa60M I-ro :'UHIHO-TopnCllHoro aHi1anOllKa
05
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15
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r cycr onposcpraCT r cycra. B c ro 061lHt PHOA ra6n ll Uc CpC.I1H nocrpa.aaBwnx ropo.llOBJlI.UlliPYIOT: TYPKY, Ha KOTOPhlfi 440 eaMonCTOB c6poCIIJlI1 2550 60~16, Ta:l.tnepe -
260 Ca~tOJleTOB It 1000 60~16. BlUtnYPIl
1400 CBMOJlCT06 11 470060:1.16, COpTaBana -
200 caMonCT06 H
1050 60~16. CpaBHI1M HX co CTOJIl1ucil I1HJlHH.IlHI1 11 ce ca.\ l bIM rycTOHaccnCHHblM ropo.nO~1 XenbCI1HKI1: 6ecro 70 eaMOJlCTOB 11350 60~16.
A renepb )lanl1M
'-II1TaTelJIO p acwHpoBKY. T YPKY -
rnaBHblH nopT,
<Jepe3 KOTOPbl11 WRIt nOCTaBKI1 OP)')KI1$1 B C1>H Hn$lH.nl1lo. TaMnepe e.nllHcTBCHHblit B J.1HJlHH)l1111 aSHaUHOHHblil laBOlt u pH1l.Ltpynlx 060pollHbl X npeLtnpI1HTI1i1.
A BI1Unyp~l
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po.aa Ha m lHlt11 POHTa. II TaM COBeTCKaH aSl1aUI1H HaHOCl1na y.n.apw He nOllO~laM 06b1Barenel1 , a no OOOPOHHIOUUIMCH UHCKI1M BoAcKaM . • BenIlKI-1A ry MaHHC1'*' paHKJlI1H PY3BenbT 0 1l.Hoit PYKO" nO,ilnHCa.l OPOTCCT npoTI1B yG).tRCTaa B XenbCtlHKH 91 uHHa. a 1l.pyrofi np ~IK a3 0 Ha'laJle pa60T Han. MaHX3rreHCK).tM npoeKTOM. n pH TOM,
'ITO C caM oro Ha<Jana 6blno HCHO, 'ITO npoeKTupyeMaH aTOMHaij 60M6n Halt60nee 3ct>cKntBHa n p~1 nOpa)f(CHmt KpynHbJX ropo.noB H MacCOHOM YHI1'ITO)ICeH).t).t MJ.1PllbIX )lCI1TCJlcfi. TaK, XlipoCIiMCKaij 60~16a B cny<Jae np"MCHeHml ee no 60eSbiM nopH1l.KaM HacTynalOWllx BOitCK
BCaMm! YlIa' IHOM CJlY'l ae MorJ1a YHW!TOIKIHb raHKOBbJJI 6aTaJ1bOH, a TO H pory. C6pacblBa~ 6 asrycTa 1945 r. 6ml6y Ha XHPOCHM Y, aMepHKaHUb! 3HaJTH cwe co speMeH 51J1Tbl, 'lTO 'lepe3 lIsa lIHH CCC P BC1)'nHT S BofiHY npOHls 51.noHHH . H y H nOilOlK..llaJilI 6bl napy HCIlCJlb, a slIpyr CTpaHa SOcxOlI~wero COllHua KanllTYJIHpyeT. COTHH TblCH'l MHPHblX )KHTeJlcfi 6b1J1H npHHcccHbl B )KCpTBy )KCJlaHHtQ CWA npolle~fOHcTpl1pOBaTb MOWb CSOHX ~tyCKyJlOB . 3a:n0 OilHO MO)Kno 6b1110 6bl Jl HWI1Tb C W A Ha 100 JleT npaBa' pa3r;laroJlbcTBosaTb 0 «HCSHHHbiX )KepTBax» , .. reHomlllc» , «XOJJOKOCTe» H T.ll.
rnOBO 15 nOTep" CCCp" Cf)"HnRHA"" B 3"MHeM BOMHe 3a 105 AHe" SOAHbl COBeTCKl1e Boi-1.cKa nOHeCJl I1 nOTepl1 s J111'1HOM COCTaBe, COCTaBI1BWl1e 333084 'lellOBeKa (no I1TorOBblM 1I0HCCe HI1~M 113 'laCTcA 11 COelIl1HeHilA Ha 15 MapTa "1940 r .): yGI1TO 11 YMepJlO Ha :nanax CaHI1TapHOA :;ISaKyaU1111 - 65 384; nponao1o Ge3 BeCTH - 196 10; paHeHO, KOHT)')KeHO, 060)l()((CHO - 186 584; oGMopO)KeHO - 9614 ; 3a6011CJlO - 51 892. Kaca~C b nponaSWHX Ge3 BeCTH (19 6 10 '1eJlOSeK) , cnelIyeT OTMeTI1Tb, 'ITO '1aCTb 1.-\3 HI1X OKa3aJIaCb B nJleHy. n OCJ1C nOlInHcaHI1~ MHpHOro lIoroBopa 6blJlO B03apaweHO 113 nJ1eHa 5468 '1eJlOaCK (113 HltX 30 1 KOMaHllHp, 787 Mllaa,WHX KOMaH.nl1pOa, 4380 6oHuoa) H 1l06poBOJlbHO OCTaJlOCb RJ.1HJl~H.n I1J.1 OpJ.1eHTJ.1pOSO'lHO 99 '1eJloseK (113 HI1X 8 KOMaHlIHpos, 1 MJlaaw J.1 A KmtaHDl1p II 906oAuos). OCTaJIbHblX (14043 'le;10SeKa nm! 71,6% scex '!HClII1BW I1XCH npOnaBWI1MI1 6e3 seCTH) clIelIyeT C'lI1TRTb norH6wl-ntl1. n OTepl! no pOllaM BoAcK COCTaSI1!ll1: B CTpeJlKOBblX BoAcKax y6I1TO - 43 904 , paneno - 138483, nponaJTO 6e3 BeCTJ.1 - 8198 , 3aGone;l O 11 06:'v1 0pO)l(eH O - 10 214 '1eJJoseK. B TaHKOBblX BoAc Kax y6J.1TO - 1513, paHeHo - 1883, nponano Ge3 seCTH - 423 , 3a6o;le;lo 11 06MOpO)KeH O - III '1enOBCK. B apTI1i1J1epl1l1 y611TO - 257, paHCHO - 694 , npona.no Ge3 seCTH IS, Ja60;leJl0 H o6Mopo)KeHO -224 '1eJlOBeKa.
To6AUI{O 16
noreplI 11 y6blJlb MaTepua"lbHoH "IaCT" apTllJlJlepllll c l.aeKa6pH 1939 r. no 1 Mapra 1940 r. Tlln opyallR
B ileKa{\pe 1939 r.
C 1.0 1. no 1.03.1940 r.
liToro
28
96
124
17
50
67
-
8
8
11
28
39
3
20
2J
3
3
11
11
6
16
22
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45-.\1M IlponlHOTaIlKOBblC nYIll"11 76-~1.\I nO,1KORhIC fl)'tuKH oGp. 1927 r. 76-~1M ropHblc flYIlIKIl o6p. 1909 r. 76-~1 .\1 .!lltD113ItOUHb1C II)'WKII 122-ml 1'::1\'611111,1 06p. 1090137 r. ~ 1910/30 r. 122-~IM 1T\,WKII o6p. 1931 r . 152-~1~1 rayGllubl o6p. 19091301'. 152-~1~1 ray6nuhl-nYIllKIl Mi l-
-
20 152-M~ll1 ywKa06p .
1935 r. (EP-:2 HIlIlIi-30) 203-M.\1 ray6111l3 Ei-4
1 67
J'horo l1 eTo'IHI1K: llACA,
3 215
1 4 302
cp. 20, on. 25, it. 1751.
B Bo~eKax CBH311 y6(1TO - 60,
paHeHO -
90,
nponaJIO 6e3 aeCT(1 -
171 , 3a60Jlc.n o 11 06MOPOIKCHO - 25 'JeJlOBeK. B J.1H)f(CHCPHblX BOIfCKax y6UTO - 96, paHeHO - 429, 6C3 BeeTI! - 25, 3a60JlcJlo (1 06~lOpO)KCHO - 79 ' I CJlOBeK.
nponaJIo
B B03!lYWHo-n.ccaHTHbIX aoiiCKax y6J.1TO - 658, paHeHo - 647, 22, 3a60JleJlo ~l 06MOpO)KeHO - 132 'tCJlOBCKa.
nponano 6C3 BeeTH -
Cpen.H 06wero KOJUf'lCCTaa paHeHblx, KOTopble HanpaSJHI.JlI1Cb J.13 BoiicK Ccaepo-3anan.Horo $poHTa Ha HlJIC'lCHI1C B JleHHHrpan. (c
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r.) , paHeHHH no BI1i1.aM paenpe.neJlI1JlHCb
CJ1C.aylOWHM 06pa30M: nYJJCBblC -
68 %;
paHCHHH OT apnlJlnCp(1iiCKJ.1X CHapSillOB -
0,3%; OT XOJlO.QHoro OPY)f(I1H - 0,1 %.
paHCHI151 OT MI1H -
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1940
r.
BCKpy)l{HnH rQJlOBbl MHOrl1M KpynHbl M J.1 MeJIKH:\1 AHKTaTopaM. MycCOnl1 Hl1 )l(emlll CllenaTb CpeD.H3eMHOe Mope J.1TMbSlHCKI1M 03epOM, reHepan AHTOHeCKY XOTen C03llaTb . Benl1KYfO PYMbl Hl1lOb II T.A. 3aMeTl1M, 'ITO a CepeAI1He
1940
r . HH OllHH eapOneACKJ.1H D. J.1KTaTOp,
BKJlIO'la$! rJ.1 Tllepa U HCKJlIO'iaJl CTamnl a, HeD.YMa...l OlUll1TeJIbHOA II T5I)J(eJIOli MI1POBOtl BoHHe.
Y Bcex
fiblJIa OD.Ha I11lCSI -
HarpafiHTb '1y-
)J(oro llofipa B fiJJH)KaAwlle MeC$lUbl , a TO II HelleJl J.1 , nOKa, He llar, fior, He KOH'lJ.1naCb Boi1Ha. HMeHHO TaKa$! J10fl.IKa JaCTaSI1J1a rl1Tnepa neTO)I
1940
r. KaTeropH'IeCKli OTKaJaTb HTaJillH B nepell3'1e 60Jlbwefi
'1aCTI1 ¢P3HuyxKoro cpeD.113eMHoMopcKoro q),10Ta. Mon , S 3 TO:'1 CJIy· 'Iae nOC"lC 3a101 1O'IeHI1H MHpa H TaJ1IHI 6y.ueT HMeTb CJlHllJKOM fiOllbwoe IJJlIHIHl1e Ha Cpen.113eMHoM ~lOpe. r OBOpSi 0 IlH KTaTopax , cpa3y orOBopHMCH. MapllJaJ1 MaHHepreAM no CBOI1M n.aHHbIM He T$lHyJl Ha D.HKTaTOpa THna r J.1TJlepa 11ml Mycco-
1I11HI1. TeM He MeHee, OH 6b!,1 aOCTaTO'lHO nonYJ1J'peH B ¢l1111J1~HIl.LlH. OC06CHHOCTblO qmHcKoti BHewHeti nOJlHTI1KI1 1940-1941 rr.6b!J10TO, 'lTO ee sepWl1ml He
~H!HHCTpbI
11
al1nllO~13Tbl,
a BoeHHble BO r JJaae C
MaHHepretlMO.\I . ECJ111 Bepl1 Tb cpl1HCKmlY I1CTOpl1KY MaYHo H OKl1nl1l1, TO ~lHOrl1e MI1HHCTPbl II nOaaBJHllOuta5t 'laCTb CPI1HCKI1X naplla~l eHTa pHea K 22 HIOHfI 1941 r. MaJlO 'ITO 3HaJlI1 0 BoeHHOM COTpyaHH'leCTSe C fe pMaHl1etll1 nJlaHl1poBaH1111 BOtlHbl npOTI1B CCCP. no H3'laJIa COTpY.IlHI1'lecrBa C f ep~laHuen 11 ero H3 paHHI1X CTrulJHIX I1H.rUlH.DJlfl nonblTaJl3Cb JaKJIIO' II1Tb COlO3 co W seuHetl. Pe'lb.ruu<e llUIa 06 yHI1H llByX rocYllapcTB nOll 8J1aCTblO npeCTapelloro WBellCKoro KOPOJlfl fYCTaBa V (\858-\950 rr.). H e OCTaHaBllHBafiCb Ha CJII1WKO~l CKy'lHblX lJ.;15t Hawero 'l HTaTeJUI 11 ,llJIl1TeJlbHblX qHtHCKO-WBeilCKJ1X neperoBOpax, CKa)l(Y mlWb, 'ITO COlO3 He COCTOfl1lCn 113-Ja ill1a~lelpa1lbHO npoTHBonOJl O)l(H b!X 11 HTepeCOB CTOPOHHI1KOS e r o a 06el1x cTpaHax. W BellCKl1e nOJlI1THKI1 XOTeJlI1 C03ll.aTb nO,llJll1HHO HetllpaJIbHb!tl COlO311 JaCTaBHTb OTCT)'TII1TbCfI ¢lI1HJUIH,!lJ.t 1O OT peBaHWI1CTCKJ.tX HacrpoeHHH. H HCKl1e )l(e soeHH ble n llaHHpoaa..l l1 COlllaHl1e COlO3a npon1B CCCP. K OHTaKTbl CPI1 HHOB 11 WBellOB 6bl1l11 cTporo 3aCeKpe'leHbl, HO coBeTCKa5t pa3sellKa He llpeMaJla. 27 ceHTfl6pfl 1940 r. M01l0TO.B B XO)le aCTpe'll1 C qH1HCKI1M nOC1I0M B MocKBe O aaCHKHBI1 noaaepr KPHn1Ke wBeacKo-cpl1HCKl1ti «TaHHblti COlO3 I1JlH aoroBOp». Ylll1BJ1eHHb!ti n aaCI1KI1BI1, KOTOPblt! HI1'lerO He 3HaJI 06 3TOM llelle, Bce n01lHOCTblO OTpI1UaJl. n03)1(e pSlll CPI1HCKI1X I1CTOPI1KOB 6Y.IleT ynpeKaTb CCCP 3a HeraTl.JBHoe OTHOWeHl1e K I1llee yHI1H I1 HJHI HIlIHl 11 W BeUI1I1. MOJ1, B yH1111
18
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1940 r. B nOT .aeHb
6apOH 3PHCT a6IfRH
Bpc.ac npl1BC3 6apOHY MaHHcprCH:'1M Toli)l(C MOHCToli. H u YTCX, HH Y.Ilpymx He 6blno HH TCHI1 COMHCHII11 -
llJJJ'I ' Jero H}')KHb[ CIH1 nplirOTofuleHHSI. Pe'lb cpa3Y )l(e nOllJna 0
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1940 r.
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TcA no KOHKPCTHblM sonpoca,\!. H I1 KC 30 ~laH 1941 r . rllaBHbll1 KsapnlpMeticTcp reHCpaJH,t aAop A.KD..alOT 11 pacceKpe'leHHblc COBeTCKl1e D.O KYMeHTbl. CTaJH1H 6ce~H1 CI1J1aMI1 nblTaJlCR OTIRHyrb 80fiHY C repMaHHefi, a JlI060e HanaaeHl1e HJlI1 Jla)l(e JIaBJleH l1e Ha ¢.HHJHIHJlHlO MorJlO cnpOBOUl1pOSaTb BofiHY C fHTJlepO ,\1. TaK , a aaryCTe 1940
r.
CTaJIl1HY 6blJla nOJIaHa 3anl1CKa HapKoMa
060pOHbi BOPOWI1JJOBa no OCHosaM CTpaTerl1l.JeCKOrO pa38epTblsaHIHI. BOOP}')KCHHblX CHJI Ha 1940-fi 11 1941 r. T aM rOBopllJ10Cb: 4: BOOp}')KeHHOe CTOJIKHOBCHI'IC CCCP C f epMaHl1eti MO)KeT B08Jle'l"b B BOCHHblfi KOHHIH -
C OCHOBHhlM I1 3a.O,a"laMI1 OfiOPOHbl CCBcpHoro nofic-
pe)l(bH J.1 HaUJ\.1X rpaHI111 B CCBCPHOH KapemH1, B COCTaBe 4 crpcnKoBblX .!l11 BH3J.1H. 7 AP:'IIUI -
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n CTp03aBOllcK ro HanpaBJICHHH, B COCTaBC: 4 CTpcnKoBblx llHBI13J.1H;
2 OTllcnbHblX TaHKOBblX 6pHraa. 65-H oTllcnbHblH CTPeJlKOBblH Kopn yc -
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2 CTpeJlKOBblX
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lI.CJlbHOH TaHKOBOH 6pl1raabl.
B pe3CPBC
KOMaHlI.OBaHI1H CCBCPHblM ynnbl CSSl311 BJaI1MOllCi1cTBH.SI Cesep» B $I1HCKOA CTaSKe. 17 BIOHS! npaSI1TCJlbCTBO IIHJlSlHllHH omano npl1Ka3 0 scco6 weA M06JlJlI13aUHH. n o B03~tO)KHOCTH BCC LtCJ1aJ1 0Cb B 06cTaHoBKe CTpO)KaAWCH Taiillbl. CaM npHKa3 6blll JaWI1$posaH CJlOBa~lH: . Bce06UlItC nOCTaBKll r JlaBHOA KOHTOPbl Ha'"l.HHaIOTCSI 18 HIOH SI • . B CCpellUHC lIHSI 22 J.1fOH$I 113 rJlaBHoro wra6a B 14-I011HBI13HIO, II
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npeilnl1Cblsanl1 06eCnC'II1Tb . rOTOBHOCTb ~Iep , CB.SIJaHHbIX C Ha'lanO~1 HacrynJICHI1R, K 28 mOHR • . 23 HIOH.R 1941 llylOwcro
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r. 113 peJCpaa rllaBHOKOMaH-
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peR 150-M.\1 opYD.I1I1 . V II ap~leikKOMY Kopnycy 113 peJePsa rnaBHOKOMaHD.ylOwero OHHa 6aTapeSi TS[)KeJlblX OPYJlI1 J1 11 OllHa 6arapeR 6oJlbwoli
MOLUHQCT1.1. B pe3ynbTaTe OfHesaJI MOLUb 4acreH, TlJIaHHposaBwI1XCR Jl.JJR ee.aeHIHI HacrynneHJ.UI, Cepbe3Hbl~1 06pa30M B03pocna. O.!l.HOBpeMeHHO ap~feHCKO~IY Kopnycy TanBeJla, KOTOPbl H 6btn pa3BepHyr B nOJloce ceeepoJlaIlmKcKoro no6epe)l{b.SI, 6blJla npf1.JlaHa HOBM (TpeTbH) 1U1BH3HR. O.aHY J.13.aJ.1BJ.13HH pe3epBa rnaBHOKOMaH.!lyiOwero pa3~leCTl1.nH BO BTOPOM 3lWeJlOHe 3TOrO)l{e )"IaCTKa 6y.aywero q,POHTa. ApTHn,lepH.sI Ta,lBe..la nOllY'Hilla cyweCTBeHHoe nOD.KpeTlJleHHe»64 . n o .!laH HbIM reHepana 3pq,YPTa"K Ha'lany HacTynJleHH.sI $HHCKI1H $pOHT Me)K,ily HHCKHM 3aJlHBOM H JIHeKcoA BbJrnJllle,l CJle.ayiOLUH~1 06pa30M (c npaBoro no lleBblH q"laHr): n JlaH CTPaTerH'leCKoro pa3BepTblBaHHR q,HHCKHX BoAcK B ~liOHe 1941 rOlla: I. I V Kopnyc (reHepan-neHTeHaHT 3w, J.1MeBWHH npaBblH $ ,laHr y HHcKoro 3aJ1HBa, npOTI1B BJ.ucnypl1 , H JleBblH q,JlaHr y BYOKCI1. 8-JI ,nHBH3HJI \O-R llH BH3HR 12-Jl lH1BH3HJI 4-R llHBH3H.sI. 2. II Kopnyc (reHepa,l-MaHop llaaTHKaHHeH), Me>KD.y BOYKc\-l H ceBepo-3anao.HblM )"IacTKoM lla.ao)l{cKoro OJepa BnllOTb llO nlOX,SI.sIpBll. 2-R lll1BH3HR 18-R ,UHBI13HR l S-Jl.nI1BI13HJI. 3. K ape,lbcKaJl apMHJI (reHepan-neHTeHaHT XaHHpI1Ke) , OT niOX5IJlPBH.nO KopmlcellbKH a) VII Kopnyc (reHepan-MaHop X3fllYH.n, OT niOXJlJlpBH.aO BRPTCHJlR 19-.sI llHBH3H.sI 7-R.aHBH3IHI 6) V I Kopnyc (reHepaJI-MaHOp Tan Bella, OT BRTpclICHmlllO Kopnl1CeJlbKH II-JI ,n11 BH31UI S-R llHBH3HR 1-51 ropHocTpeJ1KoBaH 6pHraaa B) rpynna OHHOHeHR (B paHOHe M,10MaHTCH) KaBanepl1HCKal'l 6pl1rana 2-R ropHOCTPenKOBag 6pHrana r) I-R .QHBHJHR B BOHCKOBOM pe3epBe B Tblny Kapell bCKOH ap~IIHi. 4. 14-51 .QI1BHJHR ( nOJIKOBHHK PaannaHa, B paHoHe llHeKcbl
5.
3a KapCJlbCKOH apMI1c H a Ka'tCCTSC pC3cpaa ¢CJlbllMapwa."a
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OfibCAHHCHHblX a OliH Y apMHIO " H opsc rHH " BO rJl aBC C cc w TafioM . nOCT KOMaHAYlOlllcro 3aH I1MaJI rCHCPaJI~nOJl K OBH HK ¢OH ai1~
rc ), B paAoHc K CMI1HPBI1 1 69~fl HCMC UKaH 1111811311$1
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B a)KHCHWl1e 1I.0Jl)KHOCTI1 8 ¢I1HCKOH CTaSKc 66 fiblllH pacnpc.!lc~ JlC Hbl CJlCAYIOWI1M 06pa30M: r JlaSHOKOMaHAYIOUlHH: ¢CJlbllMapwa.JJ MaHHcprCHM , C 4 HIOHH 1942 rona Mapwarr Cl>I1H JlHHA IUI ; H a'la"bHI1K reHCpaJIbHOrO wTa6a: rC H eparr~JlCH TCHaHT XaHHpl1 KC, AO Ha 'l aJIa 1942 rOAa oTKoMaHll,J.1poBaHHb1H B Ka'lCCTSC KOMaHllYlOw ero KapclIbcKOH apMI1CH, 6bl1l 3aMCWCH S .!lOJl>KHOCT I1 r CH CP8.Jl-Jlc HTc HaHToM XaHHcJlcM; r CHCpaJI-KSapTl1pMCiicTCP: rC HCpa.JJ ~ MaHop AHPO Ha'laJI bHI1K KO)'laHllHoro OTllCJla: rCH eparr- MaHop T ym.mo H a'lanbHHK pa3BC11b1SaTCJlbHoro OTllcn a : nOJlKOSHHK M CJl aHAcp, n0311.HCC nOJ1 K08HHK n aacoHcH H a'l8.Jl bHHK SOCHHO-TpaHCnOpTHoH CJlY>K6bl: nOnKOBHI1K Pooc KO).f a H11YlOwI1H BOCHHO-MOPCKI1MI1 CHlIaMI1 (BMC) : reHcpan~ lICI1TtHaHT BaJlbBC
KO~!aHZlYIOWI1i1 BOeHHO-B031lYWHhlMI1 C>l J1a ~iII: r CHepa.1-J1CfITCHaHT JIYHllKBI1CT»67 . 21 I1IOHs:! B 16'115 MI1H cPl1HCKa}l apMIH[ H CKOrO nOJlyoCTpoBa MC)KJlY arpapL1HMI! Bcnblxllyna nCpCnaJlKa. H CT,IIC 0 TOM, 6paTb I1J1l1 He 6paTb, KOHe'IHO, 6paTb, a HMO J111 ceH-
'lac 3 TOT Bonpoc CTaBHTb 0CPI1UYlaJlbHO I1ml noapCM cH ltTb. licnyraT Ca..UII1a.na 3a}lBI1Jl: . H aM HallO OCYWCCTBI1Tb HaCK) BCJlHKoii ct>I1HJlRHD.ml II nCpeD.BI1HYTb I1X (PYCCKIIX. -
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ct>ltHCKa}l nponaraHlla CllMaJla BCC, I1HJUIHllI1U . BHyrpl1 CTpaHbl H OCo6eHHO Ja py6e)KOM
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1940
r. 2-10 ropHYIO (aBcrpHAcKYIO)
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1941 r.
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r. .Qopory npollo,l-
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r. B K a Hlla..'laKWe pa3MeulaJlCR wTafi 42-ro
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Cl>I1HlIHHllHH, lla)KC HC nOllYMaB 06 YCTpoHCTBC HOPMaJIbHOH rpaHHUbi MCIKllY CTpaH3M I1. BMCCTO :noro 6bl1l11 OCTaBJlCHbl aJIMHHIICTpaTHBHblC rpalHlUbl POCC Hilc KOH I1MncplIlI. B blXOll Cl>I1H1I.sIHlll1l1 J.1 3 COCT3Ba P YCCKoro rOCYllapCTaa He 6blll 60.l1C3HCHHbi M .sIHllCHHCM 1lJJ.sI PYCCKOro HapOll3, KaK. K nplHICpy, OT-
Top)Kc~me 311bJaCa H J1oTapI1HrHJ.1 D.JlH paHUHI1 B
Y I lac
1871
r.
II npocToH Hapoll, 11 I1HTC.I1l1l1 r CHUHJI npllBblKJHI C'IHraTb
B CJlI1Koe KHJI)f(CCTBO HHll.slHJlCKoe 3!laKHM J.1HOpOllHbIM 3JleMeHTOM H TeJ1C HMnepHI1. DOBOllbHO XopoWO 06 3TOM Ham1CarJ
1906 r.
3HaMeHHTblH ny611HuI1cT A.C. CYBOPHH:
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pbDKafll1eBlIua, O'ICHb JaCTeH'fH -
BCUI., KOTOPa>! )KHseT Ha rpaHIlTe, OKono oJepa H )KeJlaeT TonbKo, 'fTO6bl ec H"KTO He 11>oraJI. H 51 ee He rporan H COBceM elO He liHTepeCOBancSl: Hli ee H CTOP).1cA , H).16b1TOM , HU llHTeparypoA . Pa3 B)I(H3HH 51 Aoexan.ao Bbl60pra, 60JlbWe TpHAUaTJoI JleT Ha3an, HO U TO npOBO)l(aJI OJlHy JlaMY, H ceti'fac)KC BcpHyncfI, He BHllaB Bbl60pra , HfiOllCJlO
6blJlO HO'lblO ... H TaKOlOlla,leKOIO KaJanaCb MHC IlHJlSl HAHSI, TaKOJO XOJl011HOIO U Hcnp).1IOTHOIO, "ITO 51 npennO"lHTaJI ClleJlaTbn.ac TblCfI"IH SCPCT Ha lOr, "ICM CTO seper Ha cesep. YpmKeHCU BopoHe)l(CKoti
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6epHIH1, 51 coaCCM He CTpeMHJlCSI K ccsepy: MCHH accrlla TSlHYJlO Ha lOr, I' 4CPHOMY MOPIO H .11a,lCC K U apbrpan.y. SI . H c 6blno OC06blX 06".11 I' PyCCIUIM J.1 Y cpHHHoa. 3TH
n.aa HapOlla
HVlKorlla HC SOcsaJlVlllpyr C llpyrOM. YnpaBJiCHHC POCCHH V1HJlHIIl1Hcii 6blJlO HOMIIHaJlbHblM H np3KTll"1CCKII HC OWYU\aJlOCb B 1) nyweK 190 nY.l10BbiX .......................... 10 6-,UlOiiMOBbIX (152-MM) nYWCK 120 nynoBblx ............................. 8 42-J111HCi1t1blX (107-MM) nyweK .......... ..... .
............. 12
6aTapeMHbix (I 07-MM) nyweK o6p. \877 r. ............................. 40
KOHHblX (87-MM) nyweKo6p. 1877 r ....................................... 12 76- MM npOTlIBOWTypMOBhlX nyweK o6p. 1910 r.
.... ..... ... 27
76-MM noneBblX nyweK o6p. 1900 r. ...........................
... 4
6-LliOMMOBbIX (152-M.\I) MOpTltp MCD.llbIX o6p. 1867 r. .............. [2 6-D.IOMMOBbIX
(l52-~H.i)
MOpTI1P co CTa;IbHOM TDy60M 06p. 1877 r. 6
6-.IlIOMMOBbIX (152-MM) MOpTilp nOJ1CBbIX ................................ 12 1/2- nY.lloBbIX ( 152-MM) MO(YHlp Me.llHblX rnrutKJ.1X ... ... ... ........ .... 4
Ta6nulI,a /If BOOp)')KeHHe CBea6oprcKoH KpenocTH K I S1HBapH 1916 rOlla
Il -IlIOMMOBbIX (280-ml) nywe K o6p. 1867 r.
... ... 11
Il-D.lOltMOBblx (2 80- MM) nyweK o6p. 1877 r.
......... ... .... 16
254/45-MM n yweK Ha JIaeTax .ilypnSlxepa ........................ ...... 24 9-D.IOMMOBhlX (229-MM) nyweK o6p. 1867 r.
....... 49
8-JllOihIOBbIX (203-MM) nyweK o6p. 1867 r. .... ......................... 10 152/ 45-MM n yweK KaHe ... ........... ..... .......
......... ..... .... 37
6-D.lOih,1OsbIX (1 52- MM ) nyweK 190 nyD.OBbiX ........................... 81 6-IlIOMMOBbIX (152-MM) nywe K 120 n YJlOBblX .......................... 44 42-JlI1HeHHblx (107-M M) nywe K .... .. ... ...................................... 16 57-MM 6eperoBbix nyweK H opLleH c:peJl bD.a ............................... 54 57 - MM KanOHllpHblX nyweK HOpJle Hc:peJIbll.a
.... .... 24
76-MM noneSblX nyweK o6p. 1900 r . .......... ............. ........ ...... .... 2
6aTapeflHbix (107-MM) nywe K o6p. 1877 r ............ ........... .... .... 31 llerKl1x 11 KOHHbIX (87- MM) nywe K ........ ................................. 42 75/50-MM nywe K K aHe ............... .... ................................... ..... 20 122-ml ray611u o6p. 1909 r. ...... ........... ...... ............ ..... ..
. .. .... 7
1[-D.lOflMOBbIX (280-MM) MOpTl1p o6p. 1877 r ................. ........ 12 9-L1IO~MOBb[X
(229-MM ) MOpTl1p o6p. 1877 r. ....... ..
6-llI011MOBbIX (152- M,\I) none SblX MOpTllp ....
. ...... 27
... .. ... 6
6-11lOilMOBhlX (152-MM) MeilHblX MOpTI1P o6p . 1867 r ................. 6
Ta6A!IlJ.a IV )laHHble KaHOHepCKJIX .10.n,OK
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i\'f ow.!lOCTh M3 WItIl ,
BOOP~;iKC IIII C
n.c. l
«Ko IlCTpyK'TOp»
1906
820
OKono 20
8400
lOO-MM li-246M; 2--45- M~1 21K; 2- 37-.\1.'.1 70K; 1-20-,\1.'01 repM3HCKIIH 3BTD-
MaT; 3-12,7-MM
IlWK l
«li lt P It)}
1941
1100
9,5
800
lOO-MM 1i-34; 3--45-MM 21K; 2-37-MM 70K; 1-20-.'.10\1 rep.\ laIlCKItH aBTQ-
MaT;
4-12,7-.'.1.'.1
IlWK 2 130-MM « !iYPCH»
1941
1100
9,5
800
6·13; 2-45-0\1.\1 21 K; 4-37-MM 70K; 3-12,7'101.'.1
IlWK 2 l OO-MM «.TlaXTID)
1899
580
6,9
220
« H opa))
1941
1100
9,5
800
1i-241iM; 2--45-.\1.\1 21 K; 1-37·.\IM 70K; 3-12, 7-.'lM .llWK 2 130-MM li- 13; 2-45'MM 21K; 4-37'MM 70K; 3- 12, 7-.'lM nWK
n p000AxeHlle ma6Auubl r Oll BCT)' I1H 83BaHHC
.'U lllni
B CTpoil
«Cenc.'I4-
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1941
80.1I).lIe-
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T
11 00
c"o-
pom.,
y'.
Mo"," tlOCTb MalUlIII,
9,5
BoOP)'lI'CIIIIC
J I.C.
800
2- 130-MM 6- 13; 3-45-MM 21K; 4-37-.\1.\.1 70K; 2- 12 7-.\.1101
L1InK 2 76-MM 34K; 1- 20-MM « W CI\"C II Il»
1936
400
"
520
3 pnH""OH;
2- 12,7-MM
lUJJK
IIO JICK.'I4Il»
194 1
11 00
9,5
800
«flypnl»
1936
600
21
-
2 Iro.M M; 4-45-M'\/ 21K; 1- 12, 7-MM LlWK 2 102I60-MM; 2--45-MI>I 21K; I x 3--45-c.\.l TOpncllHbIX ann.3.mrrn
2- 130-101.\.1 6-13 ; (1101
lUJJK npUMe'lQHue. BOOPY)f(eHHC CTOpO)f(CBOro Kopa6Jlfl « n ypra" U KaH n OllKH . O J1C KM a» npH SCllCHO Ha OCCHb ,{aJlO
1944 r.
194 1 r.,
OCTaJlbHblC -
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V
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1899
232
8
300
MalIKI!)))
21K; 1--82-.\1.\1 .\IIIIIO.\leT. C Mapra 1943 r.: 2--85-.\1.\1
52K;312,7-M.\I· KonhT II 1--82-MM .\tJlHOMC"T
2- 75150-MM; 1 -45-M~'
21K; 1- 12,7-M.\1
AWK; KJl- 12 «(Kan.llcs»)
1885
173
8
2S0
I --82-M.\I MHHOMeT. CMapra
1943 r.: 2--85-~L\1
52K;
3--12,7-.\1.\1· KIl-13 («l-'bKopcu .N~
IS»)
1935
130
8
240
KOJIbT 2-45-M.\I 21K; 1-82-.\IM M Il HO~
n p000llxeHlIe ma611U1(bI
II R18 Rllll t
fo:t
lJ o,'l.OIn ~ If,·-
C" OpOCTI.
lIonpoii"lI
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HOOpy,.;tlllI C 2-45·M.\I 21K; 1 -82-~1~1 MHUO~ICT .
KJI-14 ( (C,j\llapTl1CU89»)
1930
130
8
240
C ~Iapnl 1943 r.: 1-45'MM 21K; 1 -3 7-~IM
KJI·15 ( «M3p'THCU-
1930
130
8
240
1905
196
9
300
60»)
KJl-40 ((di(\KYIIHII»j
70K; 1- 12,7-.\tM n ·.'TC~ICT 3-45-M.\I 21K; 1- 12,7'.\11>1 ; 1-82-MM .\IHIIOMeT 3-45-MM 21K; 1- 12,7-.\IM . C ~t3PTa 1943 r. : 1 -8 5 - M~1
52K; 1-37-M~1
70K; 3-12, 7-~IM·
KJI-4! (((BH1l.1HU(\nj
1928
243
10
450
KO!lbTa; 1-82--"IM MHHOMCT 1 75-MM; 2- 7,62-MM . C MapTa 194) r .: 1-85-.\JM 52K; 1-37-MM 70K; 3-12.7-,\1.\1· KOJlbTa; 1-82-.\1.\1 MH IIO~tCT
npoiJolIJICellUe ma611111~bI
rM Ha38a ltllt
noCTpoi'i-
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2-85-M~1
((iVlOCKOBCKlti'i KO~ICOMO ,l eu»
1917
220
10,5
lIO
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eKot"! BOCHHOi1 Q)JJOHIJl IHl 0 BCJ1I1K0i1 O Tc'IccTsclHlOIf BoitHe. n eTp03aso.QcK: KapCJHHI, 1972. Eyxapulfo A.JO. OKpal1Hbl POCC I1 I1CKof1 11 Mnep"IIl : raCYllapCTBCHHoe ynpaSJlCH HC 11 lIaUJ.iOliaJIbHa~[ nOJlI1THKa B rOllbl n epBoi'i MLlpOBOH SOHHh! ( 1914-1917 rr.). M.: POCC n 3 H, 2004. B ORKOfJ
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