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60EBbiE
KOPA6n~
M~PA
P.M. MeJIbHHKoB IIOJIYl)POHEHOCHbIH PErAT
• TI4MHTI. 43~ 84 • (1885-1925)
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•
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2) nOIlY'leHHbIH OT Ynpa8111tlOl1.\erO 6anTHHcKHM 3a80AOM 'lepTe>K MHAellb-wnaHroyTa ¢peraTa "na-
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npH HOBOM yCTpoHcTBe 6pOHH. YKa3aHHOM KOMHTeTOM. nepeyrlly611eHHe ¢peraTa, B clly"{ae nopa.>t<eHHft
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)l(e OTCyTcTBoaan. CTpOHTenb Kopa6J1J1, COBepweHHO 6ecnpaBHblH nepeD; JlHUOM PYKOBOD;.fnueH 6lOpOKpaTUH, ;(OT.II H ¢OPMaJ1bHO OTBetfaBWHH 3a npoeKT, npelVlaraTb 3anac BOD;OH3Melll,eHJ.UI B COCTase npoeKTa TaKiKe He pewanc.sI. O'feHb 6b1J10 elll,e lIaJleKO 1I0 COCTO.slBWeroc.II JlHWb B COBeTCKOe BpeM.sI y'fpe)KJleHII.sI 1I0mKHOCTH 6C3Pa.3l1eJ1bHO OTBCTCTBeHHoro 3a npoeKT rJlaBlloro KOHCTpyKTopa. Torlla TOJlbKO COCTORnOCb CTporoe opraHH3aUHOHHoe pa3D;eJleHHe cyry60 cneUH¢H'feCKH;(, XOT.sI H CB.II3aHHblX Me)l(J].y C060H crpyKTyp H npouecCOB npOeKTHpOBaHU.II H nocrpoHKH Kopa6n.ll. nOKa )l{e npOH3Bon BJlaCTH ¢aTaJlbHO 06peKaJl Kopa6J1H Ha neperpY3KY. Bce 3TO D;OJliKeH 6blJl npeTepneTb H npoeKT HOBoro ¢peraTa-KpeHcepa 1885 rOlla. K 7 ¢eBpaJI.sI BbUICHHJlOCb (nO-BIfJl,HMOMY, He 6e3 BJlH.sIHH.sI M.M. Ka3H), 'fTO M.A. WecTaKOB lIa THne ropl-I30HTanbHoH MaWHHbl lie lIaCTaJ.lBaeT . lIero D;OWJlO, 'fTO npH 60JlbWOH ee nJlOwaD;H OH3 He CMOiKeT nOMeCTHTbC.II B npeJl,eJla;( OTceKa, OTBeD;eHHoro lVl.sl MaWHHbl. Ho II 6e3 Toro npoeKT nOlVleiKaJl nepeJl,eJlKe 113-33 Tpe60BaHH.sI M.A. WeCTaKOBa npuMeHliTb D.ByXBHHTOBOH BapHauT, TpoHHoe pacwHpeHJ.te napa H HenpeMeHHylO 3aWHTy MaWHllbl 6polieH. CllliCXOD;.sI K D;OBOllaM M.H. Ka3H, ynpaBJI.sIlOutUH "Bblpa3HJJ HenpeMeHHoe nO:lKeJl3HUe", 'fT06bl B 'fepTe:lKe Kopnyca, pa36HBKa KOToporo }')Ke 3aKOH'fella, a ua nOCTpoHKY llOCTaBneHa nepBajf napTHjf CTaJJH (22800 oyD;.), "He npellnpHHIIMaJlOCb HIiKaKHX II3MeHeHHH, cnoc06HbiX 3a.nep)KaTb XOD; pa60T no ero coopY)KeHHIO". npH 3THX ycnoBH.sIX M.H. Ka311 xoTen K MaiO 6y.nywero ro.na no.nrOTOBHTb KpeHcep K 3aKJlaD;Ke. npoeKT MaWHlIlVl.ll KpeHcepa npH cOD;eHCTBH" aHrnHHcKoro HIDKeHepa KepKa nopY'fHJlH pa3pa60-
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T3Tb KOM3HIUipOBaHHoMy Jla 3aBOll, HenHpa B rna3ro J.1H)f(eHep-MexaIlHKy wTa6c-K3nHTaHY <J>. .R. nOpe'fKHHy (1849-1928, nOHlIOH). K cepeD,HHe ¢eopan.sl M.H. Ka.3H yltaJJOCb y6ellHTb H.A. WeCTaKooa npKH.sITb BapHaHT 60pToooro 6poHHpOOaHHjf C nO.slCOM no BceJ:' BaTepJlHHHH. TOmu,HHa ee .a.on)f;:Ha 6blTb TaKOH )fCe, KaK Ha KpeMcepax "Bnall,HMHp MOHoMax" H uJIMHTpHH JIOHCKOH". ITany6Ha.sl 6POH.II coxpaHjfnaCb TonUlHHoH 37 MM no oceM lVlHHe Kopnyca, 3a HCKnlO'feHHeM OKOHe'fHocreH, r.a.e OHa yMeHbwanaCb LlO 25,4 MM. WHpHHa nOjfca no npHMepy aHrJIHHCKHX KpeHcepoB (5.5 ¢T) yBenH'fHBanaCb .no 6 ¢T. nocJle LlJIHTenbHoro 06cyiKLlelIH.sI H cpaBHemi.ll Tpex BapH31lTOB 6poHHpoBallH.sI, npeLlJlO)l{eHHbJX 3aBOJl,OM Ii MTK (733 T - nepBOlla'mnbHblH npoeKT, 786 - no HOBOMy npeJInO:lKeHHIO 3aBona J.I 786 T - no BapHaHTy MTK c 6poHeH npH lI,JIHHe 289 ¢T) B3pH3HT MTK C cornaCH.II VI.A. WeCTaKooa 6blJl yTBep»meH iKypHanOM 33.M> 61 OT 19 MapTa 1886 r. OTKa3 OT npe)l{.a.e yTBep)l{neHHOro (no :lKypHany N2 228 1885 r.) "cMewaHHoro 6p01l1lpOBaHH.sI", C 60pTOBOfi 6poneH TOJlbKO B cpeJIlIeH 'iaCTH, npHHJnoro no npHMepy KpeHcepa "All,MHpan HaxHMoB", MOTJiBHPOBaJ1C.sI HOBeHWHMH B033peHH.IIMH MTK, npHH.sITbIMH lVl.sl 4epHoMopCKHX 6polieHocueB. nOH.sITHO. 'fTO 1I D;njf 6blcTpoxonHbix KpeHcepoB 6POH.sI no Bcef! D,nHHe Kopnyca .a.on)fCHa B MaKCHManbHOH CTeneHH 06eCne'fHTb coxpaHeHHe ero rJlaBHblX KatleCTO - "CKOpOCTH XOD;a H cnoc06HoCTH CYllua K MaueBpHpoBaHHlo". 4aCTH'IHOe oTcTynneuHe OT :noro npaBlina (6pollio nO.llca 11,0 OKOl-le'fIlOCTeH He nOBOD;lflHl) onpaBnblBaJla He3Ha'fHTenbIIOCTb nOTepH nnaBytleCTH npH nOBpe)l{LleHHH 6nH3 HHX 60pTa (T. K. OTceKH npH oCTpOTe 06BO.a.OB lIeBenHKH). ::tTl! nOTepH JlerKO BOCnOJII-I.IInHCb 6naroD;ap.ll H3pacXOll,OOaHHlO TOnJlHBa. n03TOMY .sIBHO lie 6blJlO OCHOBaHHH 06peMeHjfTb Kopa6J1H B OKOHe'nIOCT.sIX "6eCnOJle3HOH" 60pTOBOH 6poHeH BO Bpen MOpcKHM Ka'feCTB3M H KpenOCTH Kopnyca. non}"'falOlll,YIOC.II iKe 167 T neperpYJKY (53 T .a06aBMnOCb K 114 T, Obl30aHHYI0 yCHneHHeM apTHnncpHH) II COOTBeTCTBYlOwee 4,5 ¢T nepeyrny6J1eHHc npeKpacHoLlywHo paCC'fHTbJBanH KOMnellcupoBaTb 3a C'feT 3KOHOMHH Beca 60nee COBepweHHblX MaWHH TpoHHoro pacwnpeHII.sI. B CBere Bcex lIa3BallHbIX co06pa:lKeHHH peweHo 6blJl0 cOXpaHHTb npoeKTHylO MO.l.l..l,HOCTb MexaHH3MOB - 8000 mill. n.c. H 3anac TonnHBa - 1150 T. 610poKpaTH,SI npOLlOn)Kana npliBbl'fIlO TOpM03HTb pa60Ty 3aBOD;a, Ii M.M. Ka31i 21 MapTa
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npeACT KOT/lOIl He06xc ynOMJUi >KeT np HHR Yn 6YlOlJ.le MeXaHI'I
2 Ka ¢lpe CTaTKa)l lOUJ,eMy npe6blB nopTax MHp Me 3anHCKl HHR AIlC peMeHe
.. ecKHH ¢lperaT AS ca npHL III'lTb
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TCMe 6pOHHpOaallHlI rp03HT copaan. npHrOTOB· neHHlI K 3aKmuu<e KpeHCepa B Mae. B OTBeT eMY 6&1110 npell1l0)Keuo npHexaTb lUHI 0311aKOMnellH1I C iKypHaJIOM B
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jKe yll,anOCb yrosopHTb MTK )'TBepll,lITb "IepTe:lK "s 06W,HX "IepTaX", HO H :no pewellHe lie n0380JlSlno npoeKTY SblpOaTbCjI "3 nOp0"lHoro Kpyra TorJJ.aUIIIHX "nOp:s:IJJ.KOO". YTBep>KJJ.CIIHe ~lepTC )l(eH npHXOJJ.HnOCb 6yKoanbll0 '·BbI6H03Tb". T01lbKO 19 1I10njl )l(ypHanoM Xl? 195 6bln yTsepjKlIen t.lepTe>K KOIICTpyKT"OIIOrO MI'lltenb-WnallroyTa "naMSITII A300a", 3 N9 137 0 TOT jKe lI,ellb t.lepTejK ero 6POH3000ro 4>opwTeOHSI. 4epTe)10l aXTepWTeBHSI H pynSi 6bl1ll1 )'Toep)f(J],ellbl TonbKO I HOjl6p:s:l 1886 r. *"ypHaJJOM .N2 199. 13 aoryCTa, npelICTaBJI:s:IjI paC"leT npOlIOJlb1I0H Harp}'3KH, TeOpeTJlt.leCKJlH "IepTejK H ceMb t.lepTe>Keii 06wero pacnOJlO:IKeHHSI, M.H. Ka3u npeJJ.ynpe)KJ],aJl, "ITO nOlIp061-13S1 cneumllHK3UlISi 3nepreTH l ieCKOH YCTaHOBKH He MO)f(eT 6blTb pa3pa60Talla pallee COCTaOJleIHU! ce lleTanbllblX pa60YHX YepTe:>KeH. YYHTblBajl :IKe, ~ITO na JJ.eTaJlb-
Bblll,aJJ 3aBOll,Y nap:s:lll, na nOCTpO"Ky Kpe"Cepa. XapaKTepHcTHKW Kopa61I:s:I COXpall:s:llIHCb B COOTBeTCTBH" C YTBep)f(lI,eIlHoj:i cneuweJ>HKauHej:i, lie HCKlIlOt.laH H 6000 T BOll,OH3MeweHHe. OKOll~la Hue pa60T J-1a Kopa6ne nlIallHpOBanoCb lIa KOHeu 1888 r. B liTOre Bcex COCTO:s:lBllJHXCSI pellJeJ-lHH
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MTK, SblCKa3aHHblMH npH paccMoTpelHIlI cneulHl>HKaUHH Kopnyca Kopa6nSl. CaM :IKe npoeKT paCCMOTpeJlll (nOA npeLlCellaTeJlbCTBOM 113YaJ]bIIHKa rMW reHepaJl-alI1>IOTaIlTa KpeMcpa) 4 OKT:s:I6p$l (>KypHaJJ .N!? 184). Tor.na TonbKO, YCTaHO< OIlB, YTO cornaCHO CBOAy lIarpy3KII ("KOPMOBbiC H 1-I0COBbie rp}'3br"). cOCT3BneliHoMY H.E. THTOBbJM. BO.nOH3McweIiHe Kopa6n:s:l 6219,7 T. 3TO 3H3lJHno, "ITO npH ynopllO 110BTopSlOWeMCjl BO Bcex JJ.OKyMellTax 00JJ.01l3Mew.eHHH 6000 T KOpa6nb, lie HMC:s:I IIHK3Koro npoeKTI-wro 3anaca BOllOH3MeweUHSI (0 HeM Torna CTonb )l(e ynopllo
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pacnopKaMH,
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06ecnl :lKeHHe npOllO yTOl.lH liMe p nOM N 6bInO: HOBbIP p33Mej "J{MH' Lton)l(e Koe JKC )l(eHHe SbiX Ii .IIKOP1l CHCTe~
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Hanp$I)f(eUHH B CB$l3$1X Kopnyca. Cyw.eCTBeHHOH nepenenKH Tpe60aan H cl>YHLla-
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Han.N2 129 nepenpaBMn B Al-irnHIo .51. nOpeqKHHy LUl.ll 06cYIKlIellHH COBMeCTHO C KepKoM. TIo-
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HHMaj{, HaCKonbKO 3TO MOlKeT 3aD;eplKaTb pa60TY, rnaBHblH Kopa6enbHblH Hl-IlKeHep 16 cel-lT.lI6p.sl npOCHn KOMaHllHpa nopTa no6YllHTb 3aBOD; XOTSI 6bl 3aKOll'-IHTb no cnyCKa Ha BOD;y npeLUlOlKeHl-IylO MTK "ToncTylo, B 1 llM TOnWHI-Ibl, npollonbHO nponolKel-IIlYlo HacTHnKy MaWHllIIoro KellHe 06 yrp03e nO:>KapoonaCHOCTH nllWHero Ha Kopa6ne llepeBa. Ho TOHKO "-IyBcTBooaowHH KOliblOHKTYPY M .11. Ka3H lie Hawen Hy:+>HbIM roOOpHTb 06 3TOM: no:+>apOB B Te rOlJ.bl, 3a6blo 0 CHHone, 6btJIO npHHRTO y)Ke He 60SlTbCR, COOIO Ll,onlO neperpy3KH lI06aBnRJIH It TaKHe CBepXKOHTpaKTHble pa60Tbl, KaK yCTaHoBKa WnltnR B KOPMe I-Ia BepXHeH nany6e. CTanbHOH py6KH)lJISl npH6opos ranbBaHH'leCKOM cTpenb6bl H3 0PYlll1i1 (ee Bec 204 nyna 12 4lyIlTOB, CTOHMOCTb pa60T 829 py6.), BcnOMOraTeJIbHoro napOBoro KOTn3 (16 T), CeTeBOrO 3arpa)KlJ.eJ-lHR (26 T), 1l0nOn1lHTeJIbIIblX MaWHHHblX MaTepHanOB (19,75 T). B "-IHcne lJ.pyrJlx HOBblX rpy30B 6blJlH lJ.o6aBO"-lJ-lble BaTepKn03eTbl. YMbloanbllHKH H BaHllbl )lJIR YBeJ1H"-IHBalOuterOCR a "-IHCneHHOCTH :)Kltna)Ka (40 o4luUepOB H 543 M3TpOca nponlB 3011470 "-IenOBeK no wTaTy 22 "Hsap" 1887 r.) H .npyroe. OrToro, lIaBepHoe, KOpMOByJO 6-lIM nywKy B HOR6pe 1887 r. no npUKa3aHHIO ynpaon"lOutero MOPCKHM MHHHCTepcTBoM 3aMeHunH CKOpOCTpenbHoH 47-MM. nnallllpoBanocb CII.JITb H HOCOBylO 6-lJ.M nywKy, YMeHbwHB Maccy apTHnnepml H 60e3anaca C 381 .no 353 T.
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38
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HA BO.ll.E rOTOBHOCTb KpeMcepa K cnyCKy 6blna no,aTBep:+>lleHa aKTOM OT 17 MaR 1888 r., B KOTOpOM rOBopHnOCb, ""-ITO pa60Tbi no Kopnycy npOH30e.nellbl npaOHJIbllO, npO'l1l0 H TlltaTenb110, cornaCHO YTBep)KlleHHbIX '1epTe)KeH H cneUH4lHKauHH", a cnycKoBoe yCTpOHCTBO "OKOII'1ellO It ClI,enaHO BO BceM no yTBep)KlI,eHIlOMy MTK '1epTe:>Ky H, no MHellHJO KOMHCCHH, 06ecne'lHT ·'6narOHa.lJ.e:+>HocTb cnycKa 4lperaTa H3 SOlty". AKT no.nnHcanH y:+>e pacCTaowHecR co CBOHMH BoellHblMH '1ll11aMIf II nepe'lHCneHHble 9 4leBpanSl 1887 r. B rpa:+>.naHCKHe 3BaHHR Kopa6enbllble HH:>KeHepbl "Mnall,UHle" cyllocTpollTenH H.B. MHxaiinOB (1844-1), E.H. JIeoliTbeo, cTapwlIH CYll,OCTpOIlTenb A.E. fleoliTbeB, rnaBIIbl" Cy.QOCTpOHTenb IiIDKeilep c-neTep6yprcKoro nopTa H.E. Cy660nlll, lla6nlOlIalOlltH" 3a nOCTpO"KOH 4lperaTa Mnall,WIIH cyllocTpoHTenb n.E. AlillPymeHKo, H. lI,. HllcneKTopa pa60T B nopTax cTapwHH cyLtOCTpOHTcnb H.K. rna3bl.
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Ha 06pacTaHlfe. CYIUecTBeHHbIM 6bIJI If lf3IIOC 06-
1891 r. If 6bIJI OTKpbIT I . I l . qYXHlfHbIM 7 OKT5I6p51 1897 r. A. neJIOMOp, c. 70) rrpOBeplfJIlf COCT05l-
illlfBKlf rro BceMy Kopa6JIlO
Kpa51 JIlfCTOB yTOH-
qlfJIlfCb, c,n:eJIaJIlfCb xpyrrKlfMlf.
" HaCT05lTeJIbHO He-
Hlfe 0611Hl:BKlf Kopa6JI5I If BlfHTopyJIeBOH rpyrrrrbI.
06XO,n:lfMOH"
OKa3aJIOCb, 'ITO 06paCTaHH:e B rrO,n:BO,n:HOH qaCTlf
rro,n:Bo,n:HOH 06illlfBKlf.
CpaBHeHlflf C 06paCTaHH:eM Koprryca
",l],MlfTPlf51 ,l],oHcKorO",
OCTaBaJIOCb
"HepaBHO-
OH
3aMeHy
HaqaJIbHlfK 3CKa,n:pbI
6bIJIO 3HaqlfTeJIbHO cJIa6ee rrpOllIJIOrO,n:HerO, HO BCe )J(e, B
CqlfTaJI
(Ha
Bcex
JIlfCTOB
6JIaHKe 3Haqlf-
JIOCb "KoMaH,n:YlOIUlfH 3cKa,n:poH B TlfXOM OKeaHe")
8 ,n:eKa6p51 1897 r.
parropT KOMaH,n:lfpa, aKTbI
MepHbIM". Ilo KaKOH-TO CTpaHHOCTlf BCe rrOCTaB-
Cy,n:OBOH KOMlfCClflf, 06pa3UbI Me,n:HblX JIlfCTOB H:
JIeHHble B HaraCaKlf Me,n:Hble JIH:CTbI COBepilleHHO
¢oTorpa¢lflf rrperrpOBo,n:lfJI B MTK ,n:JI5I H:3yqe-
He 06POCJIlf If pe3KO BbI,n:eJI5IJIlfCb CBoeH rJIa,n:KOH
Hlf5l, KaK OH rrlfCaJI, "oc06eHHocTeH rrpouecca 06-
3eJIeHOBaTOH rrOBepXHOCTblO OT OCTaJIbHbIX". K
paCTaHlf5l". Ho CrreUlfaJIlfCTbI MTK 061>51CHeHlf5I
parropTy 06 3TOM KOMaH,n:lfpa
23
H05l6p51
1897
A.A.
BlfpeHlfyca OT
r. C peH,n:a qeMYJIbrrO rrplfJIara-
aHOMaJIlflf He HaillJIlf. Ha 06CT05lTeJIbHOM aKTe OT
29
H05l6p51
1896
r. 0 pe3YJIbTaTaX ,n:OKOBaHlf51 B
JIlfCb ¢oTorpaqmlf If 06pa3UbI JIlfCTOB: CTaporo If
HaracaKlf, rrOJIyqeHHOM lf3 lJIaBHoro MopcKoro
HOBoro. KOMaH,n:lfp BblCKa3bIBaJI rrpe,n:nOJIo)J(eHlfe
illTa6a,
PblH 6blll yCTpoeH BceMH CYAaMH Ha "PlOpHKe", 060well-
pOCTOM
C~ CTpaWHO Aoporo.
Be4ep B KaIOT-KOMnaHHH
110 py6.,
1l0THOH.
2
1897 r. 3.e.
Ma51
C 4elloBeKa,
51
MeCTaMH
IYJI5IeB
ropHCTOH
(1851-1919)
H MeCTaMH 60-
TellbHoe BpeM~, OAHH pa3 HaM Aa>+<e TYAa CB03HIlH 06eA.
Ka YHTep-O¢Hl.lepa 15 py6. Bbl4eT Ha 6all 6blll CAellaH He
no 6epery ~ HaCTOllbKO OTBblK XOAHTb, 4TO ceroA-
CKOMy AOBOllbCTBHIO. 3aBTpa B
8
4ac. yTpa K HaM on~Tb
nepe6HpaeTC~ aAMHpall, CbexaBWHH Ha TpH AH~ CTpellb6bl Ha "PlOpHK". HaAO npHrOTOBHTbC~ ero on~Tb npHHHMaTb.
Y
Hac Ha "A30Be" eCTb OAHH MH4MaH, KOTOPblH B
Te4eHHe Kypca Kopnyca OAHH pa3
OCTaIlC~
- >t<e B TOH
pOTe,
H~
•
6blll ABa pa3a Ha 6epery AOBOllbHO npOAOIl>tt<eHHH XOAb6bl
no K04KaM 601l0Ta H lla3aHH~
Ha ropy.
E
Tenepb
n u
npHwllH BO BllaAHBOCTOK, H ~ on~Tb 3ac~AY Ha KpeHcepe, TeM 601lee, 4TO Ae¢eKTHblx pa60T 04eHb MHoro, a Mbl 3a
K
HHX (B031le aAMHpalla) el1.le n04TH He npHHHMaIlHCb.
K
TaK ero H AO CHX nop TpaB~T, Ha3blBa~ 1l106HTelleM npo-
CBel1.leHH~ (no nOBoAY HeycnexoB CblHa B Kopnyce -
P.M.).
14 aBrycTa.
51
BllaAHBOCTOK.
Mbl TOllbKO 4TO BepHyllHcb H3 nllaBaHH~ no KaTOp24 HIOH~. BllaAHBocTOK.
>tt< 04eHb He nOBe31l0 "naM~TH A30BY". B
4TO nOCblllaTb nHceM He CTOHT. B
Te4eHHe
OAHoro
MeC~l.la
TpeTbero
4ellOBeKa XOpOHHM.
AHeH.
OKOH4Y l.leH3 -
nllaBaHHH Mbl 6blllH 19
npHMycb lle4HTbC~. BOT Bonpoc
3a60llell y Hac TOllbKO 4TO npHexaBWHH H3 POCCHH lleH-
Tenepb, KaK K l.leH3Y OTHeceTC~ HOBblH YnpaBIl~IOl1.lHH MH-
TeHaHT na3aHH; He 60llee Tpex HeAellb, KaK OH npHH~1l
HHcTepcTBoM H 3aCTaBHT IlH npocHAeTb IlHWHHH rOAHK B
OT Kpa¢Ta 06~3aHHOCTb MHHHoro O¢Hl.lepa.
06~3aHHocTH cTapwero O¢Hl.lepa.
4epe3 ABa
-
4
>t+<e B KaIOT-KOMnaHHH COCTaBHIlH KOlllleKTHB-
OTAH3eH¢eKTHpOBaIlH Bce KopMOBoe oTAelleHHe, rAe 6bllla
HylO TellerpaMMy B neTep6ypr Ha4allbHHKY n04T H Telle-
ero KalOTa. 3aHHMalOcb nepe60pKOH Bcex KalOT no 04e-
rpa¢oB, a TO HeKOTopble TellerpaMMbl XOAHIlH no 20 AHeH.
peAH, BbIHOC~ BCIO Me6ellb H Kpac~ Bce 3aHOBO. nHWHH
Pa60Tbi no-cTapoMy 04eHb MHoro, HO Ha AH~X, ~ AyMalO,
Ha3Ha4eH cTapwHM O¢Hl.lepOM Ha 1l0AKy "Kopeel.l",
BH-
MeHbwe CTaHeT, TaK KaK B 6YAYl1.lYIO cy660Ty OT Hac ne-
l.leH3, 6y-
pe6HpaeTC~ aAMHpall COBceM Ha "PIOPHK", BblXOAHT, 4TO
AeM
HeBblroAHo KOH4aTb
31
aBrycTa.
ceHT~6p~. BllaAHBocTOK.
OH Y Hac np06blll Ha KpeHcepe
BllaAHBocTOK.
On~Tb He nHcall -
BOT y>t<e AeB~Tb AHeH.
B
3TO
7' /
2
nOToMy He nocneBaeWb ClleAHTb 3a MaCCOH pa60T, OAHH
BpeM~ Mbl YXOAHIlH H3 BllaAHBOCTOKa BceH 3CKaAPOH H
BCTpe4H, npOBOAbl, 06eAbl, 3aBTpaKH OTHHMalOT TaK MHO-
ce6~ B 6yXTy Clla-
ro BpeMeHH, 4TO HHorAa 6YKBallbHo HeKorAa OTBeTHTb Aa>+<e
nOXOAHBWH coeAHHeHHO,
3aKIl104HIlH
B~HKY, OTKYAa BblXOAHIlH Ha CTpellb6y, Aa H TaM 3aHHMaIlHCb pa3HblMH Y4eHH~MH, KOTopble aAMHpall HaxOAHT HeYA06HbiM npOH3BOAHTb BO BllaAHBOCTOKe. pall
npHKHHyll
el1.le,
Ha3Ha4HB
MeH~
KOMaHAHpOM
6aTallbOHa B AecaHT H Ha4a1lbHHKOM CTopO>t<eBOH
1-ro H OX-
paHHblX l.leneH WlllOnOK npH MHHHblX aTaKax. ,lJ,ecaHT 04eHb
(n CK
Tel Hel Ile~
6bll MOl XO,!l C
A
-3 HHTI BHAI
Ha BonpOCbl. Tenepb aHrIlHHcKHe,
K MoeH 06blAeHHOH H YTOMHTellbHOH pa60Te aAMH-
>tt<eIlO B TOM OTHoweHHH, 4TO npHXOAHTC~ 6blTb Bce BpeM~ HaBepxy, a
nllaBaTb BMeCTe.
41
l.lH
HOH TH¢. no BCKpblTHH Bbl~CHHIlOCb, 4TO OH He BblAep-
Ha "AlleKcaHApe"
nl
4e
AH~ noclle Ha4alla 60lle3HH y Hero nO~BHllaCb Cblnb, Cbln-
AHMO,
n
K
HaM
Ha HeCKOllbKO AHeH
HeMel.lKHe
pallbcKHMH ¢llaraMH,
H ¢paHl.lY3CKHe,
H Mbl C yTpa AO
npHWIlH cYAa
Bce nOA aAMH-
Be4epa 6ecHMcH,
OTBe4a~ Ha BH3HTbl, 06eAbl, 3aBTpaKH H np04ee. MeHH 3TO KacaeTC~ TOllbKO KocBeHHo, T.e. ~ TOllbKO Ha3Ha4alO 0cPH-
-
l.lepOB AIl~ BblnOIlHeHH~ Bcex 3TH X 3aH~THH H, KorAa npH-
YTOMHTellbHa~ Be l1.l b, B oc06eHHOCTH TyT, rAe ero Bblca-
AeTC~ nllaTHTb 3a 06l1.lHe WTyKH, TO TO>t<e nlla4Y, HO caM
>ttt<e
He llerKO CAellaTb. AaBaH
10-ro HOR6pR,
TOllbKO 60r, 4T06bl
KOAaTe, a Mbl C "3a6I-1RKOH" npl-1Wll1-1 CIOAa 1-1 nOCIle3aBTpa
Bce TPYAbl He nponalll-1 AapOM 1-1 MeHR eC1l1-1 He K HOBOMy
paHO yTpOM YXOAI-1M.
rOAY,
TO
K
nacxe
Ha3Ha41-11l1-1
6bl
KOMaHAl-1pOM
KaKOH-
72
50eBbie Kopa6f7/11 M/Ilpa
HanHCaJI: "OPleT He YKa3hIBaeT KaKHX-JIH60 Heo-
BeTcTByIOmeH
:>KHn:aHHh1X ¢aKTOB. OOJIhllIOe 06paCTaHHe H npo-
6a3hI.
HHKHOBeHHe BOn:h1 3aMeqaeTC5.l 60JIee HJIH MeHee H
PhIM Mor 6h1 peIIIHTh np06JIeMy (H KOTOph1M no-
Ha n:pyrHx cyn:ax". BnpOqeM 3.E. ryJI5.leB npen:JIa-
5.lBHJIC5.l TOJIhKO B CCCP), H He MeqTaJIOCh. He Ha-
raJI H n:pyrHM qJIeHaM MTK 03HaKOMHThC5.l C n:o-
IIIeJI Hy:>KHh1M, TaK:>Ke He HMe5.l Ha 3TO cpen:CTB,
KyMeHTaMH, n:JI5.l C006pa:>KeHHM B 6yn:ymeM, TaK
npOBeCTH HaTypHh1e 3KcnepHMeHTh1 B YCJIOBH5.lX
KaK KpeMcep "IIaM5.lTh A30Ba 06IIIHT Men:hIO.
BJIan:HBOCTOKa HJIH IIopT-ApTypa, H HaqaJIhHHK
.lJ:pyroM qJIeH MTK
npe:>KHHM CTpOHTeJIh
KpeMcepa H.E. THTOB Ha npenpOBO:>Kn:eHHOM eMy n:JI5.l paCCMOTpeHH5.l panopTe KOMaHn:y1omero 3C-
8
1897 r.
0
~
HayqHOH H
~
3KcnepHMeHTaJIhHOH
C03n:aHHH :>Ke IJ:HHH TeXHOJIOrHH, KOTO-
3CKan:phI. lllHpoKHe HCCJIen:OBaHH5.l 6hIJIH Torn:a "He B 06h1qae" . CMeJIOCTh HX npOBen:eHH5.l Mor 6hI B35.lTh Ha
OT03BaJIC5.l H BOBce
ce65.l HMeBIIIHM HaKJIOHHOCTh K HayKe C.O. MaKa-
6eccTpacTHo: "QHTaJI". OqeBHn:Ho, qTO Ha Tpe-
pOB. Ho 6IOpOKpaTH5.l npen:ycMoTpHTeJIhHO or-
Kan:pOM OT
n:eKa6p5.l
~
6oBaBIIIHeC5.l IIIHpOKHe 3KcnepHMeHTh1 no BJIH5.l-
pa:>Kn:aJIa ero OT JJ:OJI:>KHOCTeH, KOToph1e n:aBaJII1
HHIO 3aBHCHMOCTH CTeneHH o6paCTaHH5.l Men:Hh1X
6h1 B03MO:>KHOCTh npOBen:eHH5.l HCCJIen:oBaHHM 11
H 6POH30BhIX H3n:eJIHM OT HX XHMHqeCKOrO COCTa-
3KcnepHMeHTOB. EMy He n:OBep5.lJIH HH n:OJI:>KHOC-
Ba B MTK He peIIIHJIHch. He 6hIJIO Torn:a COOT-
TH npen:cen:aTeJI5.l MTK, HH HaqaJIhHHKa THXOO-
HH6YAb nllaBalO~eH MopexoAHoH 1l0AKH, TorAa HeH Mepe ~ OKOH4Y Bce Ha KanHTaHa 1 paHra.
BaTb noce~HHoe paHbwe MeH~, Hy, a HrpaTb Ha nonYIl~p HOCTb 101 paAH 3Toro nocTynaTbc~ CBOHMH y6e>KAeHH~MH MHe He npHXOAHTC~, 101 n03TOMY Bce npHXOAHTC~ nepe>KHBaTb HpaBCTBeHHO. Ha AH~X O>KHAaeTC~ nepeMeHa peBH30pOB, BMeCTO HHKWH4a (,ll,parH4eBH4-HHKWH4 CepreH BacHllbeBH4, 1871-1904, Ha "naM~Tb A30Be" CIlY>KHIl C 1893-1897 rr., norH6 B 6010 Ha 6pOHeHOCl..le "UecapeBH4"-P.M.) 6YAeT BeAepHHKoB (neTp neTpoBH4, 1865-?, Ha "naM~TH A30Ba" C 1894-1898 rr., OKOH4HIl wTypMaHcKHH Kllacc B 1899 r. MOpCKylO aKaAeMHIO. B 1894 r., CTapWHH ocj:>Hl..lep 6pOHeHOCl..leB "50POAHHO" B 1901-1904 rr., "I-1MnepaTop HHKollaH I" B 1904-1905 r.-P.M.), 4ellOBeK v MallOCHM naTH4 HbIH ...
6 Ho~6p~. HaracaKH. OKOIlO PO>KAeCTBa K Te6e, HaBepHoe, 3aHAeT lleHTeHaHT CepreH BHKTOPOBH4 POAHOHOB. nOclleAHee BpeM~ OH 6blll nepBblM MOHM nOMO~HHKOM. C HHM ~ 6blll Bce BpeMSl 04eHb XopOW, 101 OH Te6e MHoroe MO>KeT paCCKa3aTb 1013 MoeH CYAOBOH 06CTaHOBKH (1859-? apTHllllepHHCKHH Kllacc 1896 r., cTapwHH ocj:>Hl..lep MopexoAHoH KaHOHepcKoH 1l0AKH "506p" B 1900-1901 r., "BllaAHMHp MOHOMax" B 1901-1902 r., 3Hall ~3bIKH: cj:>paHI..lY3cKHH, aHrIlHHCKHH, wBeAcKHH, HeMeI..lKHH. B 1913 r. reHepallMaHop cj:>lloTa-P.M.). 12 Ho~6p~. HaracaKH. 4TO 3Ha4HT npHBbl4Ka K 31leKTpH4ecKoMy OCBe~e HHIO. Tenepb, CTO~ B AOKe 6e3 Hero npH 06blKHOBeHHOM MaCIl~HOM TaK TOCKy HaBOAHT. Ocj:>Hl..lepCTBO 3aTO, CllaBa 50ry, no Be4epaM He CHAHT AOMa, 101 ~ MOry C T060H 6eceAOBaTb 60llee cnOKoHHO. OAHO, CKBepHO, 4TO Tenepb nHcaTb npH AByX cBe4Kax KaK-TO TeMHO, 101 3aTeM 6ecnOKOHCTBO OTHOCHTellbHO nO>Kapa, CTO~ B AOKe, rAe BOAbl CKOpO AocTaTb Hellb3~, nopTHT nOKoH. CerOAH~ 8-H AeHb, 4TO Mbl CTOHM B AOKe, YXOAHIlC~ ~ HacTollbKO, 4TO y>Ke Tenepb He XO>Ky, a nepeBallHBalOCb C HorH Ha Hory. Pa60Tbi XOTb oT6aBIl~H. 5YAy~ee BOCKpeceHbe BblHAeM 1013 AOKa 101, norpy3HBwH yrollb, 6YAeM >KAaTb, B KaKylO Tpy~06y Hac 3aWIllOT Ha 3HMHHe MeC~l..Ibl. Ha napOXOAe "BllaAHMHP" K HaM npH6blllH ABa HOBblX ocj:>Hl..lepa: lleHTeHaHT Pbl6aKOB 101 MH4MaH MOPABHHOB ( AlleKcaHAP naBlloBH4, 1873 -?, Ha Kopa61le 6blll B 1896-1897 r., 3aTeM Ha ",ll,'IIIHTpHH ,ll,OHCKOM", 1l0AKe "MaH4>KYP", "PlOpHKe" B 1898v "" 1900 rr., Ha "K peHcepe, HaBllaAHMHpe M oHoMaxe " B 1905 r. BaXTeHHblM Ha4allbHHKoM-P.M.). OT HHX, Me>KAY np04HM, ~ yCllblXaIl, 4TO npH TenepewHeM YnpaBIl~IO~eM MHHHcTepcTBoM CTapWHX ocj:>Hl..lepOB npeAnOllaraeTC~ Aep>KaTb AOllbwe B racTpoIlHPYIO~HX, K 4HCIlY KOTOpblX npH4HCIl~IOT 101 MeH~. 15 Ho~6p~. HaracaKH. Bo Bcex HHTpHrax 101 np04HX Mep30cT~X ce6~ ~ BHHHTb He Mory, 101 MHe B CY~HOCTH npHXOAHTC~ pacxlle6bl-
19 Ho~6p~. HaracaKH. no cllyxaM, BecHoH 1897 r. npeAnOllaraeTC~ "A30B" BepHyTb; eCIlH 3TO CllyXH, TO MeH~ KOHe4HO He CMeH~T, 101 ~ BepHycb Ha KpeHcepe. Tenepb no cllyxaM, Mbl B Ha4alle AeKa6p~ nOHAeM B 4ecj:>y, a OTTYAa B 4eMYllbno, 06a MeCTa xy>Ke, MOp03bl AOXOA~T AO 15 101 60llee rpaAycoB, >KH3HH Ha 6epery n04TH HeT, TOllbKO npOBH3HH AOCTaTb MO>KHO; CKOllbKO BpeMeHH Hac TaM npOAep>KaT HeH3BeCTHO, HO AyMalO, 4TO BO BC~KOM CIlY4ae He MeHee AByX MeC~l..IeB, 3Ha4HT paHbwe KOHl..la ~HBap~ HIlH Ha4a1la cj:>eBpall~ B MeCTa C 60llee M~rKHM KIlHMaTOM Mbl He nonaAeM. CeH4ac TOllbKO BbIT~HYIlHCb 1-13 AOKa 1-1 BCTaIll-1 Ha ~KOPb OKOIlO "PlOpHKa", Ha KOTOpOM Tenepb CI-1AHT aAMHpall. 23 Ho~6p~. HaracaKH. CeH4ac TOllbKO OKOH41-11l1-1 nOIlHYIO norpy3Ky yrllSl; npHHI-1MallH KapAI-1cj:>, a 3TO AaeT TaKoe KOll1-14eCTBO Mellv KOH nblllH, 4TO BO Bcex KalOTax 1-1 no BceM HH3aM OHa caAHTC~ TOHKHM ClloeM, npOCTO He 3HalO, KaK ~ nocnelO OTMbITbC~, TeM 601lee, 4TO BO BTOPHI-1K 26-ro reoprHeBCKI-1H npa3AHHK, 1-1 nOToMy y Hac ocj:>Hl..Il-1allbHblH 3aBTpaK. 29 Ho~6p~. HaracaKI-1. B4epa ~ OKOH4HIl CBOH l..IeH3 CTapwero ocj:>Hl..lepa. 5YAY paCCKa3blBaTb, 4TO MeH~ Ha3Ha4HIll-1 KOMaHAOBaTb CYAHOM 2 paHra, XOT~ 6bl Aa>Ke BpeMeHHO MOHHTOpOM, Bce-TaKH ~ nOllY4Y XOTb 101 He60llbwoe, HO BCe-TaKI-1 He TaKoe Kpowe4Hoe COAep>KaHHe, KaK nOllY4all paHbwe.
"naMRTb
cnycKal BO.ay 2 188e
B
nvtj
189G
P.M. MenbH/IIKOB
73
nony6poHeHOCHbiM cPperaT «HaMRTb d30Bd»
CerOAHjl npHKa30M no 3CKaApe 06bjlBlleHO, 4TO Bce oq:>Hllepbl MoryT npOB03HTb 6e3 nOWIlHHbl H3 3arpaHHI..\bl TOllbv KO BeCbMa orpaHH4eHHoe KOllH4eCTBO KHTaHCKHX H jlnOHv CK"1X Be~eH, a np04He Be~H, KaK-TO BHHO, 4aH, CHrapeTbl H np04ee 06jl3aTellbHo nOAlle>ttt<eHKa. BOT Te6e H Bce. Ha 6eper HHKTO He e3AHT, AellaTb TYT Ha 6epery He4ero.27 AeKa6pR "506p" 3aBTpa paHO yTpOM BblXOAHT B 4e¢y, a
-
H3 4e¢y n04Ta XOAHT 04eHb HcnpaBHo C EBponolO.
1897 r. 1 RHBapR 1897 r. 4eMyllbno. BCTpe4a1lH HOBbl~ rOA Y Hac B KaIOT-KOMnaHHH. 5blll, KOHe4HO, BHpeHHyc, 3aCHAellHCb AO 3 4aCOB H04H, 4TO v npH MoeH >tttttt
nOMI-IllyeT, CBI-IHbSl He CbeCT U .
p~. CeroAHSl Be4epoM >KAY B03Bpal1.\eHI-ISl AecaHTa, npl-leM
jJHBap5I
nbH11Ka
era 1-1 nOAbeM rpe6Hbix CYAOB, HaBepHoe, 3aTSlHeTCSl 4a-
8 MapTa. HaracaKI-I.
COB AO 10 1-1111-1 11 Be4epa.
nl-lWHH (K >KeHe, npl-leXaBWeH 1-13 POCCI-II-I, Cbe3>KaTb He MO>KeT, TaK KaK MOllac (neTp
~
3III1111C5I
P.M.)
naBIlOBI-I4,
9 cPeBpallSl. 4eMYllbno.
1847-?, KaTOIl1-1 K,
EOP11K" .
XOTelll-l CHSlTbCSl B 8 4aCOB yTpa, Aa noroAa He 3alla-
1895-1897 rr., nOMOll\HI-IK Ha4allbHI-IKa rMW B 1902-1903
KHO. B 1 4ac TyMaH pacceSlIlCSl, H Mbl nOWIlH. 3a-
3eMHOM Mope B 1903 r.), ero KOMaHAl-lp, Bce BpeMSl npo-
CTO~nI-1Cb
ce6~ 4yBcTBoBaTb Ha XOAY. AaBaH 50r, 4T06bl norOAa 61la-
ero y6b-
1>1
- , I-1TI-1
HO
,
,eyne -
,eB 1-1 TaK Ha
~eTCSl
"AAMI-Ipalla KOpHI-IIlOBa" B
KOMaHAYIOll\I-IH OTAellbHblM OTpSlAOM CYAOB B CpeAI-I-
BOAI-IT Ha 6epery, a nl-lWI-IHbl -
ClleAOBaTellbHO, OHI-I (My>K 1-1 >KeHa
P.M.) n04TI-I HI-IKOrAa He BI-1ASlTCSl. A BO-BTOu
rOnpl-1SlTCTBOBalla HaM OKOH41-1Tb Bce HaWI-I I-ICnbITaHI-ISl, H
pblX, BOT y>Ke ABa MecSl4a KaK "KOPHI-IIlOB
TOrAa MO>KHO 6YAeT OTAOXHyTb B HaracaKI-I. TeM 601lee,
lll-lnnHHCKl-le OCTpOBa 1-1 Ha AHSlX TOllbKO npl-lAeT clOAa 1-1
4TO npl-1xoA aAMl-lpalla TYAa He npeAnOllaraeTCSl paHbwe
TyT, Ka>KeTCSl, npOCTOI-IT Bcero HeCKOllbKO AHel-l 1-1 nOTOM
20-x
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12 MapTa. HaracaKI-I.
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K HaM Ha3Ha4eHO ell\e ABa HOBblX OcPI-I4epa: lleHTe-
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KH H BnaLJ:HBOCTOKOM. HacTyrrHn rrepHOLJ: Bpe· MeHHOM cTa6HnH3a~HH 06cTaHoBKH. OCTaBHB rrpe:>KHHe rrnaI-lbI rrpH06peTeHH~ 6a3bI B KHao· qao HnH M03aMrro, cPnoT, HeB3Hpa~ Ha Bce KpaH' HHe HeYLJ:06cTBa llopT-ApTypa (06 3TOM 6e3 06HH~KOB LJ:0KnaLJ:bIBan HaqanbCTBY .11. ,n:y6a· COB), LJ:On:>KeH 6bIn 06:>KHBaTb 3TO "YCTpoeI-lHoe" eMy pe:>KHMOM HHKona~ II rrpH6e:>KHIIIe. 3CKa.llpa rrOHeMHory rrorronH~naCb HOBbIMH Kopa6mlMH. Terrepb 3TO 6bInH y:>Ke 6pOHeHOC~bI. llpHIIIno BpeM~ CLJ:aBaTb rrOCT qaCOBOro LJ:aBHO rrepecny:>KHBIIIeMy CBOM CpOK "llaM5ITII A30Ba". 28 Ho~6p~ 1899 r. OH 6bIn y:>Ke Ha nYTII H3 BnaLJ:HBOCToKa B HaracaKH, 22 LJ:eKa6p51 BblIIIen B rOHKoHr, 28 ~HBap~ 1900 r. IIIen H3 KonOM60 B llepHM. B cPeBpane 6bIn B llHpee H ITopoce. 30 MapTa BblIIIen H3 rH6panTapa B llopTnaHLJ:, 27 arrpen~ H3 KHn~ B J1H6aBy, a COT-
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an-MaHI C HHM
.O,llHO 113 nl1CeM >KeHe Kanl1TaHa 2 paHra E.A. TpycoBa ompaBneHHoe B 1897 r. C ,lJ,anbHero BocTOKa
8 epeBpanR. nopT-ApTYp. BpeMeHH y MeHR Tenepb TaK Mano, 4TO 6YKBanbHo 4aea He Mory Bbl6paTb AnR nHceM. 51 Tenepb n04TH He y6e>KAeH, 4TO MeHR Ha3Ha4aT KOMaHAOBaTb TyT H AOBOneH 3THM, a TO y>K 04eHb HaAoeno nOAPRA nnaBaTb TpeTHH rOA H He BHAeTb Bac, MOH AoporHe. Henb3R Tpe60BaTb OT 4enOBeKa Be4Horo HanpR>KeHHR, HaAO H OTAOXHyTb . B4epa nony4eHa TenerpaMMa, 4TO WeHH (CepreH naanoBH4, 1850-1905, MopcKaR aKaAeMHR B 1884 r., epnar-oepH4ep npH ynpaBnRIOll.\eM MOPCKHM MHHHCTepCTBOM B 18911896 rr., CT. oepHl..\ep "PlOpHKa" B 1896-1898 rr., MOPCKOH areHT BO KHOCTb r/l8SHOrO H8'1a/1bHHK8
H KOM8H,4YJO/.lfero BOHCK8MH KB8HTyHCKOH 06/18CTH H MopcKHMH CH/l8MH THxoro OKe8H8, 8 C 30 HJO/IR 1903 r. H8MecTHHK8 H8 ,l/a/lbHeM BocToKe) 6bl/l H83H8'1eH KOM8H,4HPOM MHHHoro KpeHcep8 "BC8,4HHK'~ 23 8npe//R 1901 r. HepcKoH /I0,4KH "CHBY'l'~
11 epeBp8/1R
KS8HTyHcKoro ep/lOTCKOro 3KHn8>K8, Be,4eH B K8nHT8Hbi
1 p8Hr8,
MOpeXO,4HOH K8HO-
1902 r. -
KOM8H,4HPOM
148npe//R 1902 r. npOH3-
308npe//R 1902 r. H83H8'1eH Bpe-
MeHHO 38Se,4YJO/.lfHM MHHOHOCq8MH B fiopT-ApType. 228srycT8 1902 r. £.A.
TpYCOB8 H83H8'1H/IH H.,4. no-
MO/.lfHHK8 KOM8H,4Hp8 fiopT-ApTyp8.
C
HOR6pR 1902 no M8H
1903 r. OH COCTOR/I H.,4. H8'18/1bHHK8 MopcKoro WT868 KB8H-
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o xy>t<e,
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KaKOHHAaHHH,
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20 ¢eapanR. nopT-ApTYP. Co CMeHOH $I O>KHAalO MHoro naKocTeH co CTOpOHbl ,D,y6acoaa, Hy Aa nycKaH OH TaopHT, Bce paaHO npHeAY AOMOH, XOTb OH nonHH. noroAbl CTORT 04eHb Heaa>KHble,
TyHCKOH 06/18CTH, 8 ,40S8HHe KpeHcepoM
22
ceHTR6pR 1903 r. BCTynH/I S KOM8H-
"PJOPHK'~ norH6 C KOp86/1eM B 6oJO C
RnOHCKHMH KpeHcep8MH 28srycT8 1904 r. S KopeHcKoM npo/IHSe
-
P. M.).
80
Soeable Kopa6nu Ml1pa
OH y)l(e 60nee He COMHeBanC5I, "B qbH pyKH MO)l(HO .n:OBepHTb cy.n:b6y OTeqeCTBa B qac HcnbITaHHH:" . :3TOT qac HaCTan Bcero qepe3 TpH ro.n:a. OTnpaBHBIIIHCb "Ha MaHeBpbI", 6nHcTaTenbHbIH: u:ape.n:Bopeu: TonbKO y CHHranypa nOH5In, qTO "H.n:eT Ha BOH:Hy", H He HMe51 My)l(ecTBa "nOTep5lTb Kapbepy, HO cnaCTH cPnOT", nonbITanC5I HcnonHHTb "HeB03MO)l(HbIH: npHKa3" IIeTep6ypra. H B U:yCHMCKOM nponHBe nOTep5ln BCe, He cnac5I HHqero H HHKoro, KpOMe ce651. C HaqanOM BoeHHbIX .n:eH:CTBHH:, KpeH:Cep .n:a)l(e 6bIn npe.n:BapHTenbHO BKnlOqeH B COCTaB 3H: 3CKa.n:PbI THxoro OKeaHa, HO ero TeXHHqeCKOe COCT05lHHe c.n:enano HeB03MO)l(HbIM yqaCTHe B noxo.n:e H U:yCHMCKOM Cpa)l(eHHH. B TOM )l(e 1904 ro.n:y Kopa6nb BCTan Ha KanHTanbHbIH: peMoHT. B xo.n:e ero Ha paHKo-PyccKoM cy.n:OcTpoHTenb-
HOM 3aBo.n:e 6bInH 3aMeHeHbI KOTnbI H napOTpy60npOBo.n:bI. Tenepb KOTenbHa51 rpynna COCTORna H3 18 KOTnOB CHCTeMbI benbBHn5l. bbInO yCTaHOBneHHO 060py.n:oBaHHe .n:n51 Be.n:eHH5I: C Kopa6JIR MHHHbIX nOCTaBOK. BbIH:.n:51 H3 KanHTanbHoro peMOHTa, Kopa6nb npHcTynHn B 1906 ro.n:y K yCHneHHOH: 60eBOH: no.n:rOTOBKe. IIocne T5I)I(KHX noTepb PyccKo-.5InoHCKOH: BOH:HbI Ka)l(.n:bIH: Kopa6JIb HMen .n:n51 cPnoTa oc060e 3HaqeHHe. Co BpeMeHeM 3aMeHHnH TpH MaqTbI HanBe, B 1904 r. 3aKOHqHnH 3aMeHy KOTnOB Ha B01{OTpy6Hble benbBHn5l:. IInaHHpoBanH oTnpaBHTb Kopa6nb B 1905 r. Ha no.n:KpenneHHe 3CKanphI 3.II. PO)l(eCTBeHcKoro, HO no CqaCTblO, ecnH TaK TonbKO MO)l(HO CKa3aTb, U:ycHMa OTMeHHna 3TH nnaHbI. Kopa6nb npo.n:on)l(an cny)l(6y B COCTaBe yqe6HO-MHHHoro OTp5l.n:a.
P.M. M
leHHeP nopyn KOMB TacTpc U:ycHM "OqaK BCeH: PI K 3THM KpeHce naHHOl IIIerOCJ cPHU:Hp naTpHC Kopa6J ~
C QeTBepnl51 3CKa.n:pa IIepe.n: OTIIJlbITlfeM (113 )f(ypHa/la "HoBoe BpeMR" or 7 (20) MaR 1905 r. *) B KpoHwTaATe HAeT cneWHaH pa60Ta no
5pOHeHoce4 "VlMnepaTop AlleKcaHAP II"
CHapH>KeHHIO B nllaBaHHe Ha ,D,allbHHH BOCTOK 4eTBepTOH 3CKaApbl, KOTopaH BblcTynHT B nYTb TOT4ac no OKOH4aHHH 3THX pa60T. Bo Bce Mell04H 3Toro
AByXTpy6HbIH, HeCKOllbKO CTaporo THna: KpynHble OPYAHH CMOTpHT Ha Bac C ero HOCOBOH 4acTH, C 6aweH H C KOpMbl. "AlleKcaHAP II" nepeAe-
Ba>KHarO Aella HenocpeACTBeHHO BXOAHT ero pyKOBoAHTellb-rllaBHbIH KOMaHAHp KpoHwTaATcKoro nopTa BH4e-aAMHpall A.A. 5HpHlleB.
IlblBaeTCH
C nllOlLlaAH neTpoBcKaro napKa, HaXOAHlLleHCH PHAOM C AOMOM rllaBHoro KOMaHAHpa, OTKpblBaeTCH WHpOKHH BHA Ha KpOHWTaATcKylO BoeHHylO raBaHb, B KOTOpOH cpeAH MaCCbl BoeHHblX
POKO npHMeHHIOTCH ~ HnOHCKOH BOHHbl.
CYAOB BblAellHeTCH CBOHMH KpynHblMH KOHTypaMH 3cKaApeHHblH 6poHeHoce4 "CllaBa"; OH nOHAeT BO
Hawero ePIlOTa. Ha "naMHTH A30Ba" COBepwall OKeaHCKoe nllaBaHHe HblHe 4apcTBylOlLlHH rocy-
rllaBe 3CKaAPbl. ,D,ByXTpy6HbIH rHraHT HeTepnellHBO BblnycKaeT CTpyH AblMa, T04HO OH ToponHTCH yHTH
Aapb-HMnepaTOp B 6blTHOCTb HaClleAHHKOM. ElLle nOAallbwe BHAeH KpeHcep "AAMHpall KOpHH-
B nyTb. "C llaBa " nOCTpoeH no THny 6 pOHeHOC4eB "5 0pOAHHO. " 5 pOHeHoce4 CTOHT B CTopOHe OT
" TPYAHO CKa3aTb, CYAH no ero BHeWHOCTH, 1l0B. 4T06bl 3TO 6blll0 CTapoe CYAHO, a Me>KAY TeM "KOPHHIlOB" nOCTpoeH B 1888 rOAY. PHAOM C 3THMH BellH4eCTBeHHblMH CYAaMH B 4eHTpe nop-
~
~
~
•
~
APyrHx BoeHHblX CYAOB, y npHCTaHH. OCTallbHbie CYAa pa3MeCTHIlHCb B CpeAHeH raBaHH, npHlleralOlLleH K rpaHHTHoH Ha6epe>KHOH napOXOAHoro 3aBOAa. TYT KHnY4HH 4eHTp nopTa. Ha6epe>KHaH 3aBaJ1eHa IlHCTaMH >Kelle3a, MaCCHBHblMH CYAOBblMH KOTllaMH. HaA BceM 3THM BblCHTCH CTpoHHbie KOpnyca 3cKaApeHHoro 6poHeHoc4a "AlleKcaHAP II", TpexTpy6Horo KpeHcepa 1-ro paHra "naMHTb A30Ba" H TaKoro >Ke KpeHcepa "AAMHpall KOPHHIlOB".
* C/le,/lyeT OTMeTHTb,
'ITO 3Ta seCbMa ,/l06po,/lYW-
HaR CTaTbR HanHcaHa 3a HeCKO/lbKO ,/lHeH,/lO lIyCHMCKOro H3HH'ITO>KeHHR. (npHM. pe,/l. a/lbM. /lH MHpa")
"50esble Kopa6-
~
Tenepb
corllaCHO
Tpe60BaHHHM
HOBeHwero BpeMeHH. HaAo CKa3aTb, 4TO Bo06lLle BO Bcex pa60Tax no 4eTBepToH 3CKaApe WH-
-
npaKTH4eCKHe
qyXHH nOCb, t. napoB, "rpa)l(j BHTb p: peBOnl< Iu:HB Cl .n:n51 BO nH30Ba TaKora
YKa3aHHH
HeAalleKO OT 6pOHeHOC4a CTOHTb KpeHcep "naMHTb A30Ba" -OAHO H3 KpaCHBeHWHXb CYAOB ~
~
~
TOBOH CyTOIlOKH CTOHT cepeHbKHH IlHIlHnyT, MHHHblH KpeHcep "A6peK", npeAHa3Ha4alOlLlHHcH, B
-
4HCIle APyrHx .MHHHblX KpeHcepOB, B nllaBaHHe C 3cKaAPoH. BHA ero CKpOMHbfH, HO BCH ero CHlla B ero TeXHHKe. Pa60Tbi Ha npHrOTOBIlHeMblX B nllaBaHHe CYAax 3CKaAPbl Ha4HHalOTCH B 6 4aCOB YTpa H npOAOIl>KaIOTCH HHorAa AO nOllYH04H, C nOllyTopa4aCOBbiM pa604Hx
nOIlYAeHHblM
nepepblBOM
Ha 06eA
H. H. /leH,4ep
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I H C Haq
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K qeCKH p
123
nony6poHeHOCHblM cjJperar «HaMRTb tl3CB~»
P.M. MenbHMKoB
OPYAHH cPperaTa. B lleBOM MHHHOM -
OTAelleHHeM CyXOH npoBH3HH 3aKaH4HBaeTC~ P~A
3ap~AHble OTAe-
lleHH~ MHH YaHTxeAa, 4HCIlOM 15, MeTaTellbHblX MHH 6 101
TplOMOB cPperaTa.
MJfClMaHbl rpa¢ Keii3epnHHr- CTe~eHKO, RenKo, MeHpeneeB
8 MHH weCTOBbIX. Aallee clleAyeT BOA~HOH TpIOM, oTAelleHHblH 4 rllYXOH HenpoHHllaeMoH nepe60pKoH OT K'pIOHT-KaMepbl
6-
AM OPYAHH. CpeAH 3Toro nOMeLlleHH~ 61lH>Ke K KOpMe
MexaHlo13Mbi
HaxoAHTc~ KplOHT-KaMepa 8-AM OPYAHH, B BHAe OC060H
r llaBHblH
Kop06KH, OKPY>KeHHOH C 3-x CTOpOH BOA~HbIM TpIOMOM. B
Hee BeAeT oc06a~ TPy6a 1013 >KHIlOH nally6bl, HAYLlla~
C60Ky caMoro nOMeLlleHH~.
CKOM MexaHH4ecKoM H CYAOcTpoHTellbHoM 3aBoAe B neTep6ypre.
BOA~HbIM >Ke OTAelleHHeM, HaXOA~LllHMC~ Ha ypoBHe Ky6pHKOB. KpoMe IlIOKa 1013 >KHIlOH nally6bl B BepXHlO1O 4aCTb,
-
eLlle Tpan 1013 WKHnepCKOH B HH>KHee OTAelleHHe.
UHCTepHbl oKpy>KalOT KplOHT-KaMepy C Tpex CTOpOH,
nOCTpoHKa MexaHH3Ma Ha4aTa B 1887 r.,
H
Te>KaM aHrllHHcKoro HH>KeHepa KHpKa, TpoHHoro paCWHpeHH~
nOMeLlleHHeM. BOA~HOI":1 TPIOM onHcaH npH Ky6pHKax.
COCTOHT H3 AByX OTAellbHblX MaWHH C BepTHKallb-
HO onpoKHHyTblMH llHIlHHApaMH no 4250 HHAHKaTopHblX CHIl
Ka>KAa~ H npHBOA~LllHX B ABH>KeHHe CBOH OC06blH
rpe6HoH BHHT.
KpOMe Toro, BepXHHH HX P~A npOXOAHT HaA caMblM 3THM
Bec MaWHH -
414 T; Bec BallOB H BHHTOB -
Bec KOTIlOB C npH60paMH -
ELlle K KopMe nOMeLllaeTC~ KplOHT-KaMepa 6-AM opyAHH C ABYM~ Tpy6aMH,
c.-
OKOH4eHa oceHblO 1889 r. MexaHH3M, H3rOTOBIleH no 4ep-
nOMeLlleHHe TplOMa 06Lllee C lle>KaLllHM HaA HHM
HMeeTC~
MexaHH3M cPperaTa nocTpoeH Ha 5aIlTHH-
-
162 T; 06LllHH Bec -
110;
464 T; Bec BOAbl B KOTllax -
1150 T
BeAYLllHMH OT IlIOKOB B >KHIlOH
Ka>KAa~ MaWHHa HMeeT no TpH llHIlHHApa: BbICOKO-
nally6e. Tpy6bl 3TH HAyT no 06eHM CTopOHaM cHapy>KH
ro AaBlleHH~ AHaMeTpOM 41 AM; cpeAHero AaBlleHH~ AH-
KaHaTHblX
aMeTpOM 60 AM, HH3Koro AaBlleHH~ AHaMeTpOM 90 AM.
~LllHKOB,
KOTopble 3AeCb
YAIlHH~IOTC~
no Ha-
npaBlleHHIO K HOCy. Tpy6bl paBHO, KaK H KaHaTHbie ~LllH KH, lle>KaT C3aAH KpIOHT-KaMepbl. Me>KAY KaHaTHblMH ~LllH KaMH,
KaK
H
B Ky6pHKe,
nOMeLllaeTC~ lleHTpallbHoe
TOIlLllHHa CTeHOK llHIlHHAPOB: BblCOKoro AaBlleHH~ 2,5 AM; BblCOKoro AaBlleHH~ 13/8 AM;
HenocpeACTBeHHO HaA HaMH.
LlleMC~
HaXOA~
Ky6pHKa,
-
1113 lleHTpallbHoro OTAelleHH~ WHpOKHH npOXOA BeAeT B nOMeLlleHHe
AIl~
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lleHTpallbHblX nOMn rllaBHOH BOAO-
OTIlHBHOH CHCTeMbl. no 060HM 60pTaM oTAelleHH~ npoXOA~T 3anaCHbie yrollbHble
HAeT
np~Mo
HOCOBa~
~Mbl. 3a 3THM
K04erapHa~
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L1,HIlHHAPbl cpeAHero H HH3Koro AaBlleHH~ HMelOT BCTaBHble pa604He 4aCTH. TOIlLllHHa CTeHOK BCTaBHOH 4aCTH llHIlHHApa cpeAHero AaBlleHH~ paBH~eTC~ 1,5 AM. WH-
-
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pHHa npOCTpaHCTBa Me>KAY Hapy>KHOH CTeHOH BCTaBHoro
-
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llHIlHHApa H BHyTpeHHeH CTeHKOH caMoro llHIlHHApa, T. e. napOBOH py6awKH 1 AM.
oTAelleHHeM
nepeAHeH napbl
13/8; AIlHHa
XOAa nopWH~ 39 AM.
OTAelleHHe. XOA B 3TO OTAelleHHe 4epe3 Kpyrllyto roplloBHHy, B lleHTpallbHOM >Ke OTAelleHHH
cpeAHero
TOIlLllHHa CTeHOK BCTaBHOH 4aCTH I..\HIlHHApa HH3Koro AaBlleHH~ paBH~eTCR 13/8 AM, a TOIlLllHHa napoBOH py6awKH 11/4 AM. KpblWKH llHIlHHAPOB cpeAHero H HH3Koro AaBlleHH~ nycToTellble H 060rpeBalOTCR napOM.
BAOllb 060HX 60pTOB HAyT rpe6Hbie
nepeXOA napa H3 llHIlHHAPOB BblCOKoro AaBlleHH~ B llH-
Ballbl, KOpHAOpbl KOTOpblX Ha4HHallHCb H3 Hee, HAyT Aa-
IlHHAPbl cpeAHero H HH3Koro
Ilee no 06e CTOpOHbl Bcero KopMOBoro TplOMa. 3a MaWH-
nOMOLllH 301l0THHKOB H npOMe>KyT04Hb1X
HOH HaA OTAelleHHeM MaWHHHoro 3anaca nOMeLllaeTC~ OT-
Bce llHIlHHAPbl HMelOT Kpyrllble nopwHeBble 301l0THHKH.
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cnYCKaeTC~
-
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6bl HAeT B npaBOH 3aAHeH ero 4aCTH oc06a~ Tpy6a; B HeM
cOBepwaeTCR npH pe3epByapOB.
H cpeAHero AaBlleHHR
HMelOT no
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B OTAelleHHe lleHTp06e>KHOH nOMnbl BeAeT TOllbKO ABepb H3 MaWHHbl. B 60M60BblH norpe6 H3 >KHIlOH nallY-
AaBlleHH~
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nopwHH
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ABH>KeHHR
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-
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BepxHHx H HH>KHHX 301l0THHKOBbiX nopwHeH, a
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BepxHHe nopwHH BeC~T 13 nYA. 16 cPT, HH>KHHe nopWHH
nepe60pKaMH, cPOHapHoe OTAelleHHe.
BeCRT 14 nYAOB. AHaMeTp 30JlOTHHKOBoro nopwHR Bepx-
B
KplOHT-KaMepy BeAeT oc06a~ Tpy6a,
npOXOA~
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60IlbWOH, KpyrllblH IlIOK H3 napycHoH KalOTbl. B OTAelleHHH, KpOMe cPOHapeH,
Hero 23 AM; HH>KHer025 AM; AJlHHa xOAa 30JlOTHHKOB 15 AM. AJlR nepeMeHbl xOAa H ABH>KeHHR 30JlOTHHKOB rJlaBHble MaWHHbl cHa6>KeHbl OC06blM napopacnpeAeJlHTeJlbHblM npH60pOM CHCTeM
cPOHapHoe OTAelleHHe BeAeT OAHH TOllbKO He-
nOMeLllaIOTC~ 30 60llbWHX aKKYMYIl~TO
MHH, oTAelleHHblH noclleAHeH HenpoHHllaeMoH nepe60pKoH
KHpKa, COCTORLllHM H3 CHCTeMbl
pbl4arOB, HMelOLllHx paAHaJlbHOe ABH>KeHHe.
r JlaBHbie
npe-
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POB AIl~ OCBeLlleHH~ KpIOHT-KaMep H norpe60B. ELlle Aanee K KopMe HAeT MHHHblH norpe6 AIl~ 40 CcPepoKoHH4ecKHx
HMeHHO
2) HeT HaA06HocTH yCTpaHBaTb OC06blH npH60p AIlR OTce4KH
napa,
-
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OT TplOMHoro OTAelleHH~ CyXOH npOBH3HH. AIl~ BXOAa B
AaBaR 60JlbWHH HJlH MeHbWHH yrOJl ceKTopy C 301l0THH-
MHHHblH norpe6 CIlY>KHT IlIOK B napycHoH KalOTe, a B OTAe-
KOBOH TRrOH.
lleHHH CyXOH npOBH3HH HMeeTC~ IlIOK H3 Ky6pHKoBoro KO-
-
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-
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-
124
50eBble Kopa6nl1 Ml1pa BcnOMoraTellbHblH KOTell
KOTOpblX MaWIo1Ha C TPYAOM TpOraeTCfI, MO>tt<e CTOpOHy nopWHfI, yBell10141o1B, CKOllbKO
6ellbBIo11lfl TaK>t<e Clly>tperaTa 101 Io1Me-
B03MO>tttT; BblCOTa 6 cj:>T 10 AM; HarpeBaTellbHafl nOBep-
OT 0,3 AO 0,8 XOAa nopWHfI.
XHOCTb 431,79 KB. cj:>T; nllOUJ,aAb KOIlOCHHKOBOH peweTKIo1
ABIo1>t<eHlo1e
301l0THIo1KOBoro
nplo1BOAa Ha nepeAHIo1H
Wnlo1lleBafl
101 He MO>t<eT 6blTb BblnOIlHeHO Bpy4HylO. Ka>tperaTe 06blKHoBeHHo nplo1v
1l0AIo11lbHIo1K ClleAYIOUJ,Io1X
cjn
AM; BblCOTa 15
1013MepeHIo1H:
Alo1aMeTp
cjn
6
8,5
103/4 AM; Alllo1Ha Tpy60K 10 cj>T 53/4;
4101CIl0 4496 WT.; OXlla>t.; Bec BOAbl B XOIlOAlo1llbHIo1Ke 391 HOBlleH
BepTIo1KallbHo.
BOAIo1TCfI
nap 1013
41011llo1HApa
B ABIo1>t<eHlo1e cne4101allbH0lo1
Ha3blBaeMOM
Wnlo1lleBOM
cj:>lo1pMOH
6aKcTep,
plo1 Tpy60K,
cj>peraTa;
BOAa oKpy>tKeT 6blTb BpaUJ,aeM TaK>t<e 101 Bpy4HylO.
HIo13Koro AaBlleHIo1f1 nocTynaeT B XOIlOAlo1llbHIo1K 101 Io1AeT BHyTa
v
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