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_20_ 2. IIP0EIEMUHAqr{nH HAqr{0HAIbH0R noIlTUlrX B TPYTI,AX PYCCKIIX SMIIIPATITOB 0.qHaH3 xapafiTepHHxoco6eHHocrel,r poccltttcroff nopeBortoquounofi oMnrpaqI4i,r3aKJrpqaJracb B TOM, r{T0 HapflAyc H0craJibrl{e}-l no ocraBJeHHoMy0TeqecrBy B ee cpe.ueHa6.ln.qalcsnpoqecc My.tr{TertHoio nepeocMHcJreHilfl cBoero nporxJl0ro, a c HrdMu oarocoocKoro BHRBJTeHltfl cyqHOcTHHX pyccK0cTu, npHHrIr4nOB XapaHTepHcTfiK pyc!I Co.qepxaHilf cR0t4Haur,roHarbH0ti uheu.yt HatlttoHaJtbHofo Bonpoca, craBuer0 o.UHHtr t43 " KaMHeilnperKHOBeHI,tfl " 6eJIoro.qBHHeHI,tR. 3to o6ctogrelucrBo He 6ulo clyvafrHur"t.BeAs, nax nt4caJr , npooeccop I,l.A. l4rbHH, "rH,.tHbul OflHTOilrocooa e rry6t4He cBOefi .qyxoBHHfr ctsfl3aHnpoucuuxleHueM,no0o6ueil,u Blaui oleucmluer c onbrroMpo.qHor0 HapoAa; eMy yAaercff nupaooraTboror OrrHTI,I r,lo6lrfl4soearu eno, OcyqecTBHTb 14OcMHcJII,tTb TeMJlerqe i4 TeMnpoayKTllBHee, qeM Bbl[e 14 3peree AyxoBHbrt onbrrefo napo.4a,'[20] . Il0rbueBuaMBOcnpuHr4MaJrcfl r4nTeJrJlexTyarbHofi tpynnofr sMI4fpaH* r0B KaK aHoMaruff Ha pyccxor4nor{Be,xax crnxuiHoe OeAcrBlle.ilooroMy, 0TMeqaerH.C. XpycrareBa, B c03HaHurf MHofHxH3 Hnx "He 6Nr0 nepeHocaHefaruBHblx ycraHOBOKHa o6paa p0.quHH,, [ct4xoJr0t],tqecKl4x l"2Il , HaJlriqr4efte qyBcrBa Hyrbrypnofi o6qnocrr.rc poccrerl, conptrqacTH0cTlIc pyccHt{Mfl3btH0M u HylbTypot4nOM0raJIo Ifl.rTbee AyxOBHbrMr4 , uHTepecaMu.cyT'brrpe.rrcraBJeHnl:l pacxOnilJracb o xoropux, KOHeqHo, c o0,luuarbHom noaltuueitcoBercKorope)fir4Ma. tlTO Moxer ffIaTb pyccnyroHarlt{nn ee n poccull? .qyxoBHyotr(H3Hb KaK or3oBercgHa cylr6ax pyccroro u Apyrr4xHapo.qoB crpaHbr Harlr4oHAJIbHAff IOJII4TUKA 6OIIUCSUKOB? CMOTiETTX BOCIiPffHYTb POCCI4I,ICKAffrO-
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-?23MI4fpaHTH onacaJMcbpacnpocrpaHeHl4f Bt4JrbcoHoBcxofi K0Hqenqlru "i(aril^qoiHarlr4u cB0e r0cy.uapcrBo'rHa Pocclto, TeM 60Jlee,,qr0 pocct4ilcKl{eHaqI4OHaJl-CenapaTucTH cItJt0HRJII,tcb HacTofrqilBo I,!MeHHO K TaKoMy I4CX0Ay HatlfloHaJlbHoro Bonpoca. "fl, - IMcaJl, B r{acTHocTt4,21 Mapra 1921 f. 6ueufifi rerMaH yKpauHH reHepaJl Ii. tl. Cnoponalcnnil - cTon Ba caMocrr4fiHybVitpauny, noroMy qro H.lil. M0$.urffHcKoMy,. ToJrbKoflcHo lI gnpeleJleHHo nocTaBreHlrbrfr ro3yHr Mo$eTcnacTu vnpausy or 6o.nuueer,rcrcnoro upa . Crary Bau ornpoBeuHo, He xeJraff . oTHtoAb6url peanltu, qro 6y.qy.{uyRpat{HlleM u B Tor MoMeHT, }tor.qa ytpar,rHaHaxo.ql,rrcrr e 6opt6e 3a cBoe npaBo Ha rfitl3HbIt He ilMeer HHOTKy.Ua n0Jl.uep]ilKtr,roBopr4Tbo oelepaqulr c Berr,tftopoccuetr,Koropafl He cyqecTByeTu HMeeT3Haqt{TerbHo MeHbue uaHcoB cyuecTB0BaTbB BpeMflKaK Hapol xrilBylllr{fi .UaHHoe AefrcrBfiTerbHocBoefi $usHbro,cBor{M yMOM r,rr.,[. , 3T0 T0JrxarbcBoft po.[HorlKpafi B ilpOnacrb, or xoroporl efo M0nH06bul0.yAepxarb, I{ ItoToMysry roqr(y 3peHr4f, fl Haxo}tryJrr4rxeHHora MoparbH0ffnoAKJra.qKu" [26]. L{Iefl cenaparH3Ma pa3.qeJlflJtacb HauuoHaJrbHbrMu MHOrr4Ml.{ rpynnaMr4pocctrficKotiAt{acnopHH He MorJlaHe TpeBofl{lrTb ee pyccRyn qacTb. ycnexi{ ycraHoBt4Buerocfl Bil.qfiMHe B Poccfiu norttn4qecnoro pe}rfl4ua crr4MyiII4poBaJII4 noRBJIeHI,te B BMi,tfpaHTCKofi cp€.qecrpeMJreHfifl Orl,tffeu c goreft HenpeAB3flTocrn ,.eosr,roxgorl ocMHcJlurb npoucxo.qi.{Btxee e PC@CP. B ' HaqaJre 20-x fo.qoB oMt4fpaHTaMu co3.qaercflI4HcTt4TyT r43yrleHl4fl Poccilt4 lr SroroMr,t,{ecnufixa6nHet C.H. IlpononoBr,tqa,ua.Uaeanrxi4fr cHar{aJla BecrHt4K'r,a 3areM "Pyccxl,tfioKOHoMl,tqecKufr "aHOH0MI4rIecHI,tfl c6opHult,'. npoKonoBlt.{ BeJraKTI4BHyt0 nepenl4c}ryc coBeTcnt4Ml,t ]43.uareJlffMr4, aKllilOHepHbrM o6qectnou "MexgyHapogHafl HHltfa, u lraenoqTal,troM Mocitgbr 0 peryrnpnou flepecburftecoBercKofrnepfioAr,rK]t.B pe3yrbrare x 1929 r. Ita6r4HercraJr noryqarl ile Poccr4fi24 tnypHaravt 46 ra3er. Ha ocHoBe nx l{arept4aroB peryJrffpnococraBJlsrJrr4cr oOsopu, craHoBr.{Blllflecff .qJrR qyTb Jtt4He eAI4HCTBegHUtr sMr4tpauToB pe* 6O"nee l{Jil,lMeHeea.ueKBaTHHM aJrbHocrr4 r4cror{fltrnoM r4H0opMaqtr}.t 0 Tenyqr4xc06brr}rffxB CCCPtz?l . O0iluua.nuHoe BBe.ueHI4e s Poccul4Hosofi sroHoMnqecnoti noJmu4lu.r r4 '.ee nepBHeBrlIfiMHeycilexl,teos6yAfirrl cpenu qacril oMr4rpauut4HaAeil{AH Ha nepepo]t(Ieuueoo.nlueBr.tcrcnofo pemr4Ma.OTpatileHr,reM efllx omulanufr craJr nofiBr,rButfiffcs B uwne L92t r. B lpare c60pHr4K craref nol HaBBaqeJIoMynofi,trfiqecKoMyreqeHl4to.B HI4eM"CMeHaBex", .qaBlfi4fr HaBBaHile qncle aBTopoBc60pul4xa6u.nu6unuue poccufrcnue nontntnr4 HaAerc-
_23 (8 iilir,rrl,ilcll iri;i.]rr3.T-.[0ileHT K0-oKTflopncTcKol.o ToIfia; H.B. ycTpfl.noB 'MocKoBcRof0 yHi{Bepfltrera, gaBe.qyroUilff qacrbir,il.iMlin arHTaUu0HHofr aAMHpaJla Korqaxa u npeACTaBxTeIb BocTorrH0rooT.qe.na LlHnaprun F.a(6ueur4finpr.rBaT-,40rleHT M0clroBcKofoyHr4Bil}.ueTOB), p. B. KIro'{HtrKoB cr4Tera, Mr{Hr4cTp }4HocrpaHHHx KorqaKa), A. F. Aen B npaBr,rT'eJlbcrBe E06pnqeB-nyuxr.{H(a.unoxar, B}rnHHR leflTeJrbo}irnOpi{crcnoftnaprrh}, C.C. /lynbflHoe, 0.H. norexflH, C.C. qaxorfiH. B rou xe roAy ocHoBaTeJII,!TeqeHl4flcTaJlt{BilnycKarb n Ilapuxe xypHaJl"CMeHaBex" tt B EepJrHHeno,upe.uaKuilefr n.B. ltfioqHnKoBa fa3ery "HaKaHyHe". CMeHoBexoBUH cr{urarr,r, qro nocroJrbry 6dltuerltrl4 cMorJrr{BoccraHoBHTbpoccHfrcKyro rocyaapcrBeHHocrb,xorf, lt B H0B0[ oopMeil Ha I,tH0ilcoUuarbHoffocH0Be, c Hr.tMLt cJtelyer corpy.[Hfiqarb... B0 l,lMflBefl.rKofiPoccHr.t. 3To corpy.qHfqecrBoHeo6xo,unuo c yr{eroM ornxgeff il ' 0T.uareHHoR B0 BpeMeH[nepcneKTHBH, TaK KaK, no MHeHr{to H. B. Vctprroea, I{3ll - 3To "3KOHOMu,{ecKHfr Epecr 6omueBttaMa","He TaKTfiKa,a .[28]. E0rbueBxr[t r]eueHTr4pynr aBoJrroqr4fl, BHyrpeHHeenepepo,r(.4eHue" cTpaHytso HMflMilpoBofipeBonnuxil, nucaJloH n coopHllxe "CMeHaBex", a pyccKl,renaTpiloTH- pa,Wre.ur4Hofi PoccH'.r[29] . ]lx coTpyxHr4qecrBo Br{neJlocbycTpffr0By uerecoo6paaHHM r{MeHHo Ha srofi 6age. I,lHrepecHo,'{T0 B CCCPc}reHoBexoBcreo 6uJo BocnptlHgTon0-pa3HoMy. ilpe.UcraBr{TeJm rat Ha3HBaei{or4 BHyrpeHuerlauurpaqr4t{Tarlre HaqaoKOMMyHl,l3Ma: HeKOTopOfi .4eflJlll0bHa BHpOI(AeHlle "Ooyp$ya3uBaHl,te!' Tl{ coBcnyxarytxcraHoBl4itocb llocTaTotrHooqeBI{.qHHr!.B cson ot{epelb napn4ff 6o.nsuegunog crpeMnJlacbnona3aTbrqerHocrb pacrleroB Jlu1epoB ycTpnnoBaRaK lnpeAoc3T0to TeqeHl4fl.B. I,l. IIeHHHpacueHl4iln03t4llr4o ' - r.orepefieHue co cTopoHHfypxyasuH" [30J. "CMeHoBexoBrlH, B0pr4Jr oH B Mapre L922 t. Ha XI ctes.ue PNn/6/, - BHpalltanrHacTpoe-' rrue lucflq 14AecffTKoBrxcsq OypxyeBuJrr{coBercrux cJryfraryrx,yqacrHr,rK0BHauefi Honoft sKoHoMrqecKotr npfi,rfl,rftr{"[31]. ilo useHnnXII HanpaBteHfie Bcep0ccrrfrcirofrKoHoepeHUr,rH PKn/6/, "cMeH0Bex0BcKoe oTHotreHxfi"[32]: 0H0 3acJrylt${BaJto I SacJly]ru.{Baer n0JlolrMTeJrbHoro cn"{aqr4BaeTTe cJlor{pyccxofi tEgter.nureHql{fl, KoropHe "npr.tMl,tpttJlncb" c CoBercKoilBJlacrbt0H rOT0BH paooram c Heit pa.qH Bo3poilr.qeffi4fl c r p a H u[ 3 3 1 .
-24B caMon. xe aMl,ttpawlunkev "CMeHH Bex" He OHru npnHffrHcroJib orarocnloHuo. K ToMy)re I,Ix BJrr4flHue 3a paMftneAuHoBpeMeHHoro BHUJIo aftra. IlrnreJrbH0enporr,rBocrofiHr{e 3ala.uHonEBponHcoBercftoftpecny6rI4KeIr ocooeHgofepuauuil - COBercKoMy Coo3y no.UTaJrR[BaroHeKoTopux npegcraBrreretr aapy6exHoilpyccnoff r,rHTeJrJrnretqr{[ r( cueHe cBor4x nosr4rlt{ft. IIoa BJrr,tflHueM cMeHoBexoBCrBa oxa3aJrrrcbH.A. BepIffeB, '.ll.H. Mumxoa, 'orqacrr4 lt reHepaJlA. 14. floraAennnnu. TaK, Mr,utroxoB far, qro BHeuHenofl{Tl{qecKl4e I,IHTepecH Poccfit4KaK HaUHoHaJlbHoro rocylapcrBa r,raHaJIOruqHHe r{HTepecH CCCPHe roJtbKo6.r[,ts]cl4 no co.qepilaHHm, HO nOJIHocTbtO coBnaAapT.IIeHI,IRHH BHcTynaJI npoTI,IBTex 3MI,IIpaHrcxr4xcJloeB, KoTopHepaAr4cBepxenilg6o.nbueer4er{a 6urr,l roToBH r4ATl{Ha KoMnpoMr4cc c oau[crcxoff fepuaHuefrr,rMt{Jtr{TapucrcKotr flnoHue[. CBep$eHile CoBeroB, cquraJl 0H, ,qoJllnno' 6urt gelola caMilx pyccnltx i 3 4 t. CMeHoBexoBcKL,re HacrpoeHl,rfl HeBoJrbHo no&[ep:[aJlI,t B. B. ll.lymruu. IIoOHBaB auuoft 1925-1926 rr. e JIeH],rHrpaAe,Mocfteeu ]tueBer, 0H npu3HaJI:"Poccltfl BcraeT Hapo.q, a Br4lryHecoMHeHHoe efo BocKpeceHue. . . " [85] . o,uHal,tg '.npuql.{H Bl,t.Ueracb /1.I. KapcanniiyB ToM, .{T0 ',BJIacTb "BocKpeceHl4fl" K0MMyH!{CT0B, xaxofi 6bl "0l,lr0co0cttotl',oHa HI46HJIa,rcnHTaJIaMoWHe BJrHflHI,tfl lfi,t3Hrr. Pyccttue I4HTepHatlt4oHaJII4crH He cryr{anHo 6HJ[4Bbfttyfi.qeHHl,rcKarb 0praHl,tr{Hble Lt oxfl,tBJrflTb crapHe oopMHooqecrBeHHofilftIIBHI4 pyccKr4x. . . " [36] . Ho oyayqu o)[r.tBreHHHMi,r, TPaIUUT4U oHu rpuooperaNA B CCCP r{HTepHaufioHarbHb[i I noroMy, KaK noJraraJlr{ HeftoTopHe sMr4rpaHTH-TeopeTi4Kr,r, HepyccRHff xapaKTep, GocToflButuffcff B 1926.r. Pocculcrufi 3apy6exrufr cbe3l** se 6ul eALIHUM B OueHfteCMeHoBeXoB0TBa, eqe coxpaHflBlllero oTHoct4TeJlbHyro IlonyJrflpHocrb B HeKoTopHx cJroflxpyccKon .UHacnopH.B qacTnoctlr, g npegcraBJreHugx C.C. 0rb4eH6ypra, orpaxaBuero MHeHIlenpaBoro..KpHJra r{yBcrBo 6olruesfixr BHc?ynnJrlt sMl4rpaqr4r,t,yrpafl,tBltri.re Haqr,ronaJrbr{oe ',II0 ,'BHeuHffg oTHoueHfir0-tr Poccnn Kar epax.qedHafl cl,tra". 0HI4ynpa3Ax B. B. lllylbnlH He no.qo3peBaJl, riTo efo noe3llRa no 6aJlb[]HBO-
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