A .E . 5 0 r ô M O n b H b t h
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A .E . 5 0 r ô M O n b H b t h
cvAoBblE
BCNOMOTATENbHbIE
v PbtEonPoMbfcnotsb MEXAHVISMbI
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D Puc. 12. C"e*a u*cuanoHOrOporoPHo-noprxHeBoro gacoca.
ropno-[oprHeBbrxHacocoBMo]KerÀocrurarb l3-15 npn oÂHoporopuoM zcrroJrHeuna. B ru4ponpuBoÀaxrrpr4MeHflror n ÀByxporopHbIeHacocbr(poropu crrr-flr na oÂsori uan$e) . B erou cryrrae rdx KpaTHOCTb yÀBaHBaeTcfl aeTcqyBeIrirreHr4e npor.r3BoÂH, qeM ÂocTr4f TeJIbHocrIin 6o.neepaBHoMepHafl noÀaqa >Kr4ÀKocrr.I rrpl] rrocroflHHori qacrore BparrleHr4fl poropa r4Jrr.r poropoe. I4x npor4gBoÀr4reJrbgKCUeHTpr4CVTeTa, HOCTbperyJlupyeTcq nyTeM r43MeHeHr4fl T. e. CMeIueHtrfl IIeHTpa o6oÀa orHocrireJrbHo rIeHTpa qauQtr, Bcd'reÀcrBr.re qero oHr.I Hocsr HaIlMeHoBaHr4e HacocoB nepeilrenuofi [por.r3BoÀLrTeJrbHocru.Cxema aKcr.raJrbHofo poropHo-iloprxHeBofoHacoca trepenaensori npor'138oÀr'ITeJrbHocrrz c roprr3oHTaJrbHbrMpacnoJrox{eHr.reM roKa3aHa ua puc. 12. uHJrr4HÀpoB Hacoc cocrorir Hs 6roxa rrr4,'rr,rHÀpoB (6apa6aua) 2 c nopurHrlrn_3, coeÀ[HeHHbrMl.r ilapnapuo rrpu rroMorqr]rxaryuoB 4 c rraù6ofi 5, yroJl HaK,ToHaKoropoft orHoct4re,rrbHo ropp3oHrantgoii ocr.t 6.roxa IIH,'IHHÂpoB(6apa6aua) orpeÀeJrfler cooôfi BerïHqr.rHy xoÀa nopruneft ri, snaqr4r, nponsBoÀr,rreJrbHocrb Hacoca. flpa spaqeunn ruaft6u or npnBoÂHoro Ba,'ra ÀBrjrareJlfl nocpeÀcrBotr.txap4ana 6, npuxnMaeMofo npyxc4Hoiï, npaqeuue noryqaer 6apa6au c qr.rJrlruÀpaMr.rtz [oprxHflMra. flpn 3roM oH cko.trsur: ropqeeofi qacrbro lro ollopno-pacnpeÀeJrr{reJrbHoMyÀr{cKy 1 c cepnoer.rÂHbrMrroKHaMv a u 6, c KoropbrMr.rcoodrqanrcfl KaHaJrbr7 6noxa ulrJrr4nÀpoB. 41
Ecnu yro.l V:0 (ropqeBbrerrJrocKocrulapadala H uraûdsrnapa.n.ne"tlutr),Hacoc Bparqaercfl Bxo,Tocryro,raK KaK He 6yaer nepeMerqeu[qnoprxHeùno ocll u o6tem B uu,rr.rHÂpax coxpaHlrrcfl NOCTOflHHbIM.
IIpn nonopore ruaû6u Ha yro,'r Ê:90-y roprxHr4rrprr BpaqeHHrzrrepeMerqarorcfl B oceBoMHarrpaBJreHrrrz. llpn groM B BepxrreM [oJroMeHHLr noprrrHr.r 3 nepeueularorcqBnpaBo,o6teu no,'rocrnufi-
r'IIIHÂpa yBer'IUrIABaeTCs. vl BCaCbIBAHHe )KHÂKOCTH[pOI4CxOÀI.iT 143 oKHa a. B suxseu tro,roxenl4n noplueHb nepeMerrraeTcflBJIeBo,odtevt nOJIOCTLI HafHeTaeTcff rlepeS Un,'II4HÂpayMeHbIXaeTCflvl >KW\\KHo npr{N{eHflrb Ha6Iznxy u3 rreHbKoBo-ac6ecrosoro rrHypa, roropurri nepeÀ ycrauonNofi Ha rroprxeur nporpaQHquBaTKaHb, pesllHy eTcfl I{ npoMacJrr.rBaeTcfl, a Tar(N(e npope3LIHeHHyIo HJrI{n/'racrMaccy. Ha6ITexa ue rro6oro MarepLIaJIa SaxI4Maercq B noplxHe rtepeÀ saBeÂeHHeMefo B IIt4JIIingp.llopItrHI4 c HeMeraJIr'IIilqeCKIiIM14 ynJIOTHeHHtIMI4MeHbIIIe I{3HaIIII'IBAIOTpaOOqUe UnJrITHÀpbr HacocoB. eru 5B sacocax co cKopocrbro noplxnff ( I nn/c H ÀaBJIeHA 30 xrc/cnn2 ÀorrycKanrcfl yrIJIorHesIas ,lro6oro rl,tlta, B Hacocax c BbIcoKr.IM AaBJIeHLIeM TIpLIMeHflIOT TOJIbKO MeTaJIJIIMeCKI'Ie yIIJIOTHeHÏ.Is. Mera.ir.rr{,recKoe ynJIorHeHI,Ie npltroÀ' HO KaK ÀJIg XOJIOÀHOft,taX I'l ÀJIfl rOpnueft )Kr.rÂKocrl4; KoxaHble MaH)I{erbI I.I3 neHbKLI npnI{ MsfKarr ga1unxa roÀHbr ÀJrfl pa6oru c xLIÀKoCTbIO
nprrreMrreparype ao 35'C.
Bnyrpeuuan [oBepxnocrb IIHJIITHÀpa Âr4cKoBbrxnoprxHeft 6o,nee noÀBepxeHâ r4sHocy, u noSToMy IIIIJII'IHIzMeIor BcraBHbIe Pa6ouue Âpbl BTyJIKr.r. (cxarruarue) nopflnyHxepnue runra6uealor orKpblrblMu (puc. 14,a) rrJrr.rsaKpblrblMIr (puc. 14, 6). Outl Pnc. 14.Ilaynxepune (cxalrua- ofrrquo LI3foToBJIfltoTcqLIg tlyfyHa 14 4 - orKpblrblei cra,ru, Ho Mofyr 6EIrr tarixe nolott) ^^.::l:T"' u - rd^PDrrdç' KpbITbI 6pousooori pydaurxoii nn6o ll3roroBJrflIorcfl IleJrzKolr as 6pouslt. Marepua.n À,'rfl HsroroBJIeHI4fl-6ponsa MapKIi Ep. OOl0-1. IlunopmHqMII MOX{HOBbIrIOJIHqrb JrHHÂpbrHacocoB c TIJIyH)KepHbIMLI 6es Écraeuux pa6ounx BryJIoK. llnyu>NepHue (cxa.uruarue) noprxur.r yBeJrzqvBalor ra6apuru Hacoca BcJIeÀcrB[e yÂJII4HeHI{flqlaJrr.rHÂpa.OÀnaxo B ttpoqecce gKcrIJIyaraIrI]Il Mo)KHo KoHTpoJII'IpoBarb ynrIIoTHeHI'Ifl[,'IyHMepoB (CKaJIOK) COCTOffHHê ' B CBfl3I'IC qeM I'IX ycrIeM HacocoB c ÀlIcKoTaHoBKa Ha cyÀax 6o,ree npeÀnor{THTeJlbHa, BbrMH rroprxuflMrr,y Koropblx cocrosHl{e yn,rorueHLtÈTpyÂHo npoB e p s r b 6 e s p a s 6 o p K l 4H a c o c a . llopurueesre rrroKlr, Ha Koropble Haca)Kl.IBalorcfl ÂI4cKoBbIe I4. I{HÀpHIIeCKIIM tlop IIIHI,I, o6uq go r43toroBJIflIor cra,'IbHblMH IlHd'I C a "nr HuKLr rrpeÂcraBJlflIor co6oû ynJIorHeHHfl ornepcrufi B ÂHHIrrax q[,'rr.rHÀpoBB Mecrax BblxoÀa cKaJIoK It IlroKoB. Ca.nrU Ha6USXn.Ha6USlKer 6urr, Mqrxafl a vilH Mera,{Jll{qecxas 6 (pzc. l5) . Msrxue rxaHefi, [po[LITaHua1ulru l{sroroBJlflIor tt3 x,{onqaro6yllaxublx HbIX MaCJTOM C TaJIbKOM;neHbKoBble u acoecroBble - Il3 IL'IeTeHbIX rnHypoB rr KoJreu, nponllraHHblx rpaonro-xnponoû cltasxoù; ltan44
x{eTHbre- H3 Ko)KIl IZ 3r'iaCTLIqHOfi nIaCTMaCCbI,CBflSaHHOIi ByJIKaHHgI4poBaHr'rori pesnuoû, r.rHofÂa co BcraBKaMr.rrzs Ko,'Ieq 6e.noro MeraJL{a B c,'ryqaeBbrcoK}ix4aeneHzri rr reMneparyp nepeKar{HBaeri,rotixlrÀrocru. Cyuecreyror pasrr4rrHbre Br4ÂbrnarenroBaHHoii ua6usx[, cepÀIIeBkrHaxoropoli cÂeJraua r4s cBHHrIoBoftlpoeonoKr,r c xJrorqarodyrt axsoft on,r erNoiI, np rz4ar,oqeftHa 6 lrgNe >KecrKocrb n rzsnocoycroi.iqHBOCTb.
Haxunrsoe npncnoco6,reurre cocroaT r4g caJrburzKoBoft saxvuuoïi nry.irNrz (craxaua) 2. Ha urore ceo6oÀHocKoJrb3rrr ÂBeBryJrKr.r (rpyn46yxcu) 4: BepxCTA. Hfl,fl,- B CAJIbHI]KOBOM tKHgq- B rlar-
py6xe 5 uacoca. llpn Haua BnHqzBaHVrI raeK I rurrr{JrbKr{ 3 ocyuecrn,uercq paBHoMepHoec)Karl4e it Ha1fisxu, xo caJrbHr{KoBo ropas o6xuuaer IIToK, yIIJrorHsfl ero. flo Mepe lrsHoca MflrKofi Ha6nenx ee Hy)KHOIlepl,IoÀHrlecKltIIoÀ)Kr4MaTb,He ÂonycKaq nepeKoca saxuvrsoiï 6yrcn rrilrr cJILIIUKoM 6olsuroro Puc. 15. Vnnorsenus (ca;rruuxu) nopIIIHeBr,tx Haxarl4ff. VI ro, Ir Àpyfoe HacocoB. yBeJILITIHBaeT TpeHne, BeÀer K [oTepe MorrlHocTn, n oBbrlrenHoMy r.r3HocyHa1usKu rloBepxHocr I,ItlroKa. B Herorop ux -u npLI HeoOJIbInlIX HaCOCOB KOHCTpyKUT{flX ÀLIaMerpaXuroKa Ha)KarHe ocyqecrBJrflercfl Haxt,tMuoft rafiroli, lepeMeilIarculeftcs no Hape3Ke
rpyu46yxcu. MeraflrnqecKaq Ha6Hsxa cocroi4r r4s paspegHblx 6ponsonux KoJIeII TpeyfoJlbHofo ceqeHlrfl, rlepeÀyloql{xcfl c KoJIbIIaMH Ize 6eraK, qro6u 6ponsoesle 6u.itll rloro Mera,'rla. Ko,rrqa gaK,IIaÂbIBaIor odpauleHu uupoxoft cropoHoli K reJly caJIbHLIKa,a ns auraSpuxIILioHHofo 6e,roro Mera,l,'Ia - K IxroKy. IIoHalrkrrratrKJII4HoBbIX floll sarsrlTBarr4rr caJrbHI4Ka.BcJIe,IIcrB].Ie nepxdocrerî, Kor'Ibrrapacltflparorcq ra o6ecneqllBalor xopoltrylo HenpoHr.rqaeMocru.. Crlrxu [o,ryKo,'Ieu Ha6nsxu ÀoJI)KHbIpagHocl{Tbclt '12 OKpy)KHOCTI{ nOpIuHeBolO[I'rOKa IIJIH ILIyH)Kepa. Ha paCCTOfiHrLîI MerarnnqecKaq HadrlnKa npl4Meuflercn B Hacocax co cKopocrrMll 6o.uee3-5 na/c,npu 6o,rnuux Harlopax LI reMrleparypax. K.n a n a H bI - BecbMa orBercrBeHHaflÂera,'ib, or xoropoft B sHaqurenrgoft crelreHl{ ganl4cllr pa6ora Hacoca. Hasua,IeHlaeKJIaTIaHoB cocror,rr B ToM, qrodrt neplloÀllr{ecxu coo6tr1arl u paso6qarb pa6oque rro,rlocrr4qI4JIIIHÀpa co BcacbIBaIoqI,IM 14 HafHerareJIbHbIM rpydonpoeoÂaMrl, TeM caMbIM odecner{neafl ÀBI4xeHae x(IlÀKocrn 45
B rpedyeMoM HanpaBJreHr.rr4. B Hacocax IIpr.rMeHrrror câMoÀe]icrByrouIUe HeBO3BpaTHbre KJrarraHbr,T. e. TaKHe, KOTOpbIeOTKpbIBaTOTCf rloÀ. ÂericrBueM pasHocrr.i ÂaBJreHr{riIIo o6e cTopoHbr KdranaHa r.r
Puc. 16. KnanaHu floprxFreBbrx HacocoB:a.-.''rapearuarr,tii c Frr.ixHr.iMr{HaI]paBJrfroIIluMl-I pe6pauu; 6-rape,rrvarnii c eepxueii uanpannnrcqefi; B o4uoxo,rlqenoû; a-ruapoeoii: ô - ruapuupunù; e.- n,'racrnu-varbre; cff- c$epuqecKnft c roIIHIICCKIIM C3Â,'IOM.
IIporrycKaroT x{r.rÂKocrb roJrbKo B oÂHoM HanpaBJreHr.ra.finr o6ecneqeHrrfl vrrpyfofo orpaH14qeH?rff noÀbeMa r.r 6brcrporo saKpbrrr.rfl K , ' IA T I A Hb I C H A 6 X ( C H b I N D V X { H H A M I I .
llo ÂeËcreuro x,'rananbr rroÂpagÀe,rrrrrorcflHa rroÀHrzMaroullrecfl I{ orKl4ÀHbre(xlapunpnue) . Ha pnc. l6 npeÂcraBJ'reHbr pa3Jrr4qHbre 46
KoHcrpyKunH K,'ratraHoB. llracraH,{arlre KJrarraHbI rrpeÀcraBJIflror co6oft oÂHy r.iJII4HecKoJIbKo rr,IIacraH, BoJrHucrbrx *rJtr [,'IocKHX, roluruHoù 2-5 n,tru,npu groM Hr.rlKHrze rrJracrr.rubII,IMerororBepcrIIfl ÀnaMerpoM oKo,rro 4 unr u cÂBrzHyrbr oÀHa orHoclrreJrbno 4pyroli. d'raryuntte, 6pousoBble r{,rrH Knanasu 6Healor MeTa,'r/.'rr{qecKr4e: cTaJlbHbre;HeMeTa,tInqecKl{e:Ko)KaHbIe,peSI4HoBbIe H IIJIaCTMaCCOBbIe, a raKx(e KoMnogI,ITHbIe, T. e. MeraJl'tuqecxae c odnuqoexoft zs KoMI4,nrracrMaccbr,6axayra r.rÀpyf[x yrtrorHflIolqlix MarepHaJIoB. Illapoeue K,rarraHbrorJrHBarorr43r{yfyna n"nu dponsu H B HeKoTopbrx cr'Iyrraflx ltoKpbIBaror cuapy)Krz cJroeM pesuHbr. I,Ix 4enarcr oduquo nycroreJrbrMu Àr{aMerpoM, paBHbrM 1,5 4uauerpa ceÂJra. Knanan nro6ofi KoHcrpyKrlr{14LI ,rs "lrto6oro Marepr.raJra ÂoJrxeH o6ecneqraearl repMerr{rrHocrb BaKpbrrrzrr,6ecuyuHyro pa6ory n 6slcrpoe orKpErrue KJrarraHHofoorBepcrr.rs; cogÀaBarb MeHbrrrerI4ÂpaBJrnqecxnx conporuB.renuil flpoxoÀy )Kr.rÀKocrr{;6trrr npouutrlr H H3Hocoycroftqr.rBbrM,uMerb ne6onsruyrc crordMocrb IIgforoBJICHIJf .
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OIIpeÀe/'Ifl eTCfl }.{3 COOTHOIIIeHLIfl
ô*: (0,1+0,2\ d,,
(100)
rÀe d" - Àr4aMerpIlpoxoÀHoro orBepcrr{s KJranaHHorofHesÀa. B ucor a Ha lrp a B/'rfl ro]Ir4x rrIToKoB Lrlr\r [epbeB
ln: (0,7+ 0,8)d..
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h * ^ ^ * : ( 0 , 1+ 0 , 2 5 ) d r .
(103)
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llpoeepNy KJrarraHoBHa cryK B npHBoÂHbrxBoÀflHbrx Hacocax np ol4eBoÀflr no S op viy"rre V. 14. Ky ^u,'reBcKofo :
(104)
flh*^ur( 600+650, rle n -qacrora
BpauIeHAfl Baila rrJrrr 4noriutrx xoÂoB rroprxHt
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(105)
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rÂê cr-cKopocTb x(HÀKocTr.r B rrpoxoÀHoMcelreHr4aK,'ranaHa;Âd{fl HarneraTe,'IbHblx Kd'IarauoB cr' : )* 4 mI c, ÂJrfl BcacbrBaroullrx K,irarIaHoBcr":0,75+2 vlc; ( - xoa$Suurenr rrÀpaBfinqecKoro corpoTUBJIeHI,IflKJrartaHa, gaexcslqtaft or efo KoHcrpyKrIr{I4; ÀJIfl rrJIocKoro rapeJlbtlaroro KJra[aHaI c snxneft uanpannnrculeft
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(r06)
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(107)
rÂe Qc - ceKyHÀHbrùpacxo4 x{r,rÀKocrlr qepeg orBepcrr{e K,rranaHa, rrtsfc; zn-qr{c,rro KJralaHoB, o6u,rno or I Ào B; p-Ko3QQIzqlIeHr pacxoÀa KJIairaHHorooTBepcTl4fl . 5 16. KOHCTPyX4hHnOplllHEBbtXHACOCOB Ha przc. l7 uso6paxeHa KoHcrpyKru4flBeprr.rKaJrbHofo AByxrIrpeÂvKTopHoroIIopIxHeBofo Hacoca Jr14HÂpoBofo SJreKrpofipuBoÀHoro MapKn 3Hn-5 2 4notiHoro qerbrpexKparsoro ÂeficrBntr, qacro t4cnod'Ib3yeMofoB KaqecrBe ocymr.rred'rbHofo Ha coBpeMegsux Âo6ltBarour[x, rpaHcnoprnbrx 14nepepadarutearculnx cyÀax psI6noft npoMbrrrr"rreHHocru: nnaslasax rlr[a . t !,na gpyrtx KJranaEoB cIr,I.ra6r. 4. 2 À[apxa Hacoca pacuilQposunaercr rax: 3 - 3"'reKrpoflplrsoÀuofi, Hcoc, fl - noprunenoù,5 - uouep MoÂefin. 48
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Puc. 17. 3"rexrponpunoguoii nopruueroûÀsyxlgnnu4ponnfiuacoc4noûuoroverbrpexKparnoro 4eùcrnuxSHII-5.
H no[epeq[Hbr c rro!'rayHaMn7 coo6qaer rr{ÀpaB,'rtalrecKnM rropilHflM 10 npxuonuueûuoe BosBparHo-rrocrynareJrbHoeÂBHlKeHHe. [ocTyfiaer B Ilr.rr'rr,IuÀpbl H BbrxoÂr{T a3 H}rx qepe3 Kr'IaXzÂxocrl lraHHbIexopo6xu qr.rJrr,rHÀpoB co BcacbrBaIou,r4MI,I 9 z saruerareJrbnrtnaa B KJrarranaMr4. Hacoc c 9,'reKTpoÀBl{rareJreM cMoHTIIpoBaHHa craur4ue 5 ra nplrno4rzrcq B ÀelicrBue g,'reKTpoÀBr.rrareJreM Mouruo49
crlro 13 Jr. c. rpr4 950 o6/ruun,cosÀaBaqHarop 30 M eoÂ. cr. rpu npolr3BoÀI4reJlbHocrll 30-50 ril3/u. - HaOduruir HeÂocraroKpaccMorpeHHbrx noprxneBbrxHacocoB ,'IHqHeB HI.IXKJIarraHOB. Ha pu6onpôMtrc,roeHxcyÀax rvna NénacuHycoLrr.aABC, nocrpoeHHafl Ha pa3BepHyroûorpyxnocrtt, orr[cbrBaelrofi nroruneMKo,IreHqaroto BaJIa.Paauyc Morbrtff r B npoH3BOJrbHoM Macrrrra6enpuHar paBHbrM[JrorrlaÀHnopurua F. ilnoqaÀr, ofpaHr4lreHHan xpznori ABC, s olpeÀeJreHHorvl Macura6e noxasHBaer leopera,lecxnri o6rem x{r.rÀKocrH, noÂaeaeNIofiHacocoM3a o4Zn O60por Ko/'reHqarofo BaJra.gror o6çevr coorBercrBverneoeMeureHr,rrc roprxHfl.B_npaBo Ha Bernr{rlHy2r:S npu noBopoiexpneoIIIHnaor ;ty.nnao l80o u, cdrreÀoBarerlbHo, paBell2Fr:FS.
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Puc. 22. fpa$uru odrellos u cropocteË [oplIIHeBbIxsacocoB: 4-oÀH-oKparuoro; 6 --4eyrparuoroi e -rpexxparl{ofo; 2-qerblpexKparHoro Aefictsfls.
58
flpz noaopore MorbrJrflHa yroJr q o' rB0 ao 360o noprueus 6y-
Àer ÀBHfarbcfl BdrleBoII ocyuecrBrqrb BcacbIBaHlIe,T. e. IroÀaqI.I )KHÀKocrr4He 6yÀer. Bosrueu u4eantulrù nopnuenoË Hacoc, r. e. raxoû. v Koro_ pofo )Kr4ÀKocrbnoÀaercfl paBHoMepuo c nocrosssofi cNopocrln Ha BCeMnporflx{eHr'rHxoÀa noprxHfi. fpaQrzx o6renroe u cxopocreli TaKOro Hacoca 3a oÀr'rH o60por Ko/reHqaroro Ba,rra 6v,u,er r4Merb Qopuy rrpnMoyforrbsuxa ADEK (puc. 22, a). B;;;";;:icn aroro npflMoyfoJrbHr4KaB OnpeÂe.rreHHOM Macrrrra6e eupaxaer cpeauron cKopocrb roÀasael4oft >Kr.rÀKocrr4, a ero ltJroural.:v'F e Àpyrôna Mac_ rura6e- npoHSBoÀHreJrbHocrb nÀea,rrbHoroHacoca sa oÂr4HO60po.r na.ra. flpu STOMnpOrzSBoÀHTeJrbHOCTb y pea,rbHoro 14 HÀear,rbHoro H a c o c o Bo À r H a K o B a ,r . e . r J r . A B C A : n n . A R E D A . orgolreglre MaKcIzMa,Irbuotî cxopocrl4 C621 XIZÀKOCTI4, r]oÀaBaett'tofi pea.nrHbrMHacocoM, 14 coorBercrByroqefi aao *uné"*â,rrsoli no4aue..Q*ux, K cpeÀHerî cxopocru xrzÀxbcrv csp, coorBêTcreyrcrl{efi cpe4ueù noÀaqe Qcp, Koropyro HMeJr6u rz4eanlHuË sacoc paeHofi rlpoHgBoÀI'ITe/'IbHocrH, HagbrBaercfi creneHbtu Hepae\ottepnoôru noô auu nopwHeBoeo Hacoca:
ô-
cmax
Q*"x
ccp
Q"p
( rI l )
I4s rpaQrxa cJreÂyer, {To c6aa: fr (nau6o,rturaff Bbrcora cHHycorz4rr). E ns Haxo>r(Âerrfi fl c cp: Ucp rrp[p aBHHBaeM nJlorqaÂr{, orp aHzqeHHbje cnsycoll4ofi n rrpflMoyroJrbHr4 KoM: rrJr. ABCA:2'Fr; _ nn. AKEDA:2nr11ss. flo yc,roearc 2Fi:2nrA"p, rrooroMy
u"o:ff:*:""r.
(r12)
CTenesr HepaBHoMepnocrrjnoÀaqn noprxHeBoro Hacoca oÂHoKpar_ soro aeftcrnns
ô,- : cJ.-e" c : D4- F : rtr: 8,14,
(l r3)
; t.
C. NAN6OJIbIIIAfl
CKOPOCTb, A SHAIII'IT, I,I MAKCHMAJIbHAT
IIOÀAqA
Hacocae 3,14 6o.ntrueerc cpeÀHaxcKopocrr4 ri rroÀaqr.r. Taxnu o6pasou, BcacbrBaur.re B K,rranaHHynropodxy Hacoca H noÀaqaH3 HeenporeKar,or HepaBHOMepso. 3ro Bbr3brBaer Bo3Hr{K-
HoBeHI'Ie I{HepII}IoHH[,Ix CHJI, flogB,]IgtolllHxcfl
B MoMeHTbI nau6ont-
rurzxycxopeHvùnopurufl, KoropbreonpeÀeJrqrorcfl KaK npor{3BoÂHbre or cKopocTfi: u- : -
dc
drKeHr{flxrroplrrHfl. cI.t,la Hnepqua xl.IÀKocrl4 y noplxHfl nponopquoHa,'IbHaKBaÀpary yr,roeoft cKopocrll KoreHqaroro Balra. c ynennqeHr4eMqacToTbl BpaIqeHEfl I4HepqI{oHHbIec?L'IbI MofyT Hapy[II4Tb yÀapbI, IIpI'TBoÀflIIIUe noToKa, BbISBaTbrt4ÂpaB,'IHqecKITe crrJrorrrHocTb K paspyrleHHro Hacoca Ir rpy6orpoBoÀoB. Hau6onee eoQerrueultn't [OÀaqI'Ifl B,rsercn HepaBHOMepHOCTIi CTeTIeHLI cfloco6oM yMeHbIxeHLIfl yBeJrlrqeHlre KparHocrn ÀeIicrBIlfl Ha coca. P a c c n a o r p z ur p a $ n x n o p I r I H e B o f oH a c o c a B y I { p a r H o f o e f r c r B H n Ha pac. 22, 6 *t o[peÀeJILt'M€ro ôrr. B coorsercrBul4 c ÀoKa3aHHbIM lr'rouaÂr4 ÀByx crTHycoI.IÀpaBHbI 4Fr. llpupaBHfleM nJIoIIIaÀIr CIIHy: coH Ir rrpflMoyfo!'IbHI,IKa
( rl5)
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orKyÀa 2F : c " p ' T,
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Creneur HepaBHoMepHocrI,IrtoÀaqu ropllrHeBoro Hacoca ÂBy' KparHoro LeircrBus, 6yaer paBHa
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r. e. saa6oJlbllrafl noÀaqa orofo Hacoca 6ontne ero cpe4neft noÂaqn Ha 570ô. C.neaoBarerbHo, Hacoc ÀByKparHoro Âeticrers pa. p aBHoMepHeeHacoca oÀHoKparHofo ÂeI{crBLIfl 6oraer 3HaqLITe,IIbHo paccyxÀeHLIqMI4Mox(Ho noKasarb, rITo y HaAHa.[orH.rHbrMr.I cocoB rpexKparuoro 14qerblpexKparHofo Âeficrens cre[eHI'I HepaBH o M e p H o c r r ,nro À a q ô r u : 1 , 0 4 5 ; ô r v : 1 , 1 . 3 u a u I l r , H a c o c q e r b l p e x KparHoro Àericrsnq ocyu,ecrB,'Ifler MeHee paBHoMepHyIo noÂarly' qeM Hacoc rpexKparnoro Àeticrezq. llpu sToM cJleÂyer I4Merb qro Hacocbl c neqenroû KparHocrblo Àeftcreus BbI[Ie eÂI'IB BI4Ày, -IrMeIor 6onee paBHoMepHyIoiloÂar{y, qeM Hacocbl c '{erHoft Hr.rqbl KparHocrbro. CneÂosareJlbHo, Âa,rtueftuee yBerItrIeHI.Ie KparnocrI'r ÂeËcrszs IIOÂaqII [opIIIHeBOIOHaCOCaHe BcefÂa IIpHBOÀIITK BbIpaBHI4BaHI{IO HacocHyFo ycJlo)Knfler Hacoca xuAKocrr.r. VeenaqeHlae KparHocrl4 ycranoBKy Ir npI{BoÂI.ITK yBeJII{qeHI4Ioee ra6apuron. !,m sltpanrrpaKTnqecKIa 6o.nee ÀeftcrseHHoe HHBaHwfl,noÂarll{ [pl{MeHrlor cpeÀcTBo- ycTaHoBKy Bo3ÀyIxHbIx Ko"IrIaKOB. Ha pzc. 23 noKagana cxeMa ycraHoBKH Hacoca c Bo3ÂyllIHbIMIz tpy6onpoBoÀax. xb.nnaxânn Ha HafnerareJlbnoM I'I BcacblBaloulen'r cyunocrt Âeftcrsuq Bo3ÀyrxHofo KoJrrraKaHa HarHerarenrnoft nuHHr.rSaKJIIOqaeTcflB ToM, qro B Tor [epl]oÀ,, KorÀa Hacoc-ocyÛIecT60.
B,II'ICT YBCJIHqEHHYIO I]OÀAqY,
!IACTb XI4AKOCTII
TIOCTVIIACT B KOJIIIAK
r{ c)Kr.rMaerHaxoÀqurr4ricq raM Bo3Âyx.IIpa ynreHiureHHori roÀarre
)KaÀKocrII Bo3Àyx pac[IHpflercfl LI BblTecHfler nocryrrliBlxyrc B Ko,rInaK )KI{ÂKOCTb B HarHerare,tlHtrri rpy6onpono1. Cne4oeare.ubno, Bo3Àyuruuù xo.trnax flBJrgercfl cBoero poÀa KparKoBpeMeHHbrMaKKyMyJrsropoM, B xoroptrù nocrynaer qacrb )KHÀKocrH.B nepzo4 padoru Hacoca KornqecrBo BosÀyxa Bo Bca_ CbIBAnIIIEM
KOJITIAKE B03-
pacTaeT B CBq3r.r C BblÀe.rleHrreM Bo3Àyxa n fa3oB r43 ueperaunnaeir,rofi xr4ÀKocru. floerouy ypoBeHÉ, >Kr4ÀKocrrrB KoJrlaKe 6yÀeT IIocToflHHO CHr4)KaTbcfl a s Kaxofi-ro MoMeHT He o6ecleqHr paBHoMepHocrr4 TIOÂAqI{
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cocy. B HarHerareJrbHoM KOJrlaKe, HaO6OpOT,IKOIITIqecTBo Bo3Àyxa nocTogHHo tFq younaer BcJreÀcrBr.reroro, ,) rrTo Bo3Àyx pacTBopgeTcfl B >KHÀKOCTI1I, COlpLIKaCarcqeficr c HaM noÀ Aae,'reHllem. Ilosroruy o6teu, eosÀyxa B KoJrrraKe 6yaer yMeHblxaTbct, cTeIIeHb HepaBHoMepHOCTr.rÀaBJreHrfl BO3paCTaTb,qTo npHBeÀeT K rHÀpaBJruqecKnM yÀapaM Lr yBerriqeHr.rn r.rHepqr{oH_ Hbrx cHIr. Bo Hs6e)KaHze yKa3aHHbrx qereHaft Bos- Puc. 23. Cxeua ycrauorKri Bo3ÀyrrrubrxKoJrrraKoBHa rpy6onpoeo4ax..a - ecâcneaurleu; n3 BcacbrBaroqero O - HATHCTATCJIbHOM. Âyx KOJInaKaÀoJrx{eHcTpaBJrHBarbcfl' a B HarHerare.nluuli KoJr[aK Àodannsrlcq. I.ns 3rofo y KoJInaKa l4Melorcq Bo3ÀyIxHhIe KpaHbI, a y HacocoB- TaK HasblBACMbIC CAIIVHbI.
CanyH ripe4cran.urer:co6oft HeBosBparHurixranau, xoropuË MOlKerycraHaBJrr4Barbcfl Ha r,uanansofi xopodxe Hacoca u côo6-
IIIATb TIP}I BCACbIBAHHI{ qI]JII]HÂPA C HAPYX{HbIM PA6OUUEIIOJIOCTI.I BO3ÀyxoM. Odreuuas npousBoÂHreJrbnocTbnoprxHeBoro Hacoca e, us/q, cBflBaHac efo KoucrpyKrr.rBHbrMrz ÂaHHbrMrzQopnay.nori
nD? A- -i SnÉr1y'60,
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S :.1,D..
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Hacocâxnuduparcr B 3aBuc'Mocrnor 3Ha.IeHusU B npllBoÀHblx c yBerr4qeHr4eM ero 6ucrpoxoÀHocrri.vnennqenuexoaa s cBflSaHO cn,r. flol{Hepur{oHHbrx paÀHyca Kpr{Borur4na r u Bo3pacTaHr{eM rropruHg.: xoÀ. Menbrue TeM Hacoc, oroMy, uem ducrpoxoÂHee o6/urlr+) \D:.:2,5+ À,rfl rr{xoxoÂHblxHacocoB(npu n:40:80 n:80+150 o6luIrH) fi".:2,0+ HacocoB(ipiz +2,ô, uopua,'IbHbIx -(npu n:150+350 o6/urzH) uacocoÈ +l',2', lwcrpoxoÀHblx -!"': -npnmoÂeftcrBylollrux ÀB' :l',2+0,5, nacocoet (np, n:25:130 xo4/mnH) $: 17,5+ 1,0. Encrpoxo4Hocrb Hacoca flBJlflercl Bax{HbIMQaNroPon't,xoroPltfi BJrrrqer He roJIbKo Ha KftA Hacoca, HO I,I HA CIO BCACbIBAHVE LI HafHeraHr,re,t'l onpeÀeJlnercncpe4ueû cKopocrblo nopIIIHfl: a
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(120)
Cpe4nax cKopocrb ttoplxHfl rIpI'lBoÀHbIXHacocoB: MaJIbIX (lpl
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e a r a ' P e e e p c r a n n r r rai e y x p o i o p n u l i u e c i e p e s s u r i H a c o c , : o 6 p a x e H Ha pHc. 26. oco6e'Hocrrrc eio ycrpolicrBa sB,riflercff HaJrkrraeqeTblpex orKltÀHbrx He-Ro3BparubrxcaMoÀericrnyrculzx KJranaHoB, H3 K O T O p b I XK d r r a n a H b2l u l ? - B c a c b r B a F o r r l u e , a 3 u g - s a r H e r a TCJIbHbIC.
7l
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Haeettrksaerrauli Ha f,rraBHbreÀBurareJru peBepcr.iBHbrfi 4eyxnoTO.IFIITII ÀBYXBHHTOBOJ1 HACOC C ÀBYCTOPOHHI,iM BCACE,IBAHHCM TIOKA-
3 a H H a p r z c .3 0 . ^ K xôpnycy Kpenflrcfl Ar,ararpy6Ka: nprreuHuri.B H or.ilnsnofi .1. Ouu or4e,leHbr or pa6ov_erîrKEHHOûBfl3KOCTbIO IICDCKAI{I4BACMOIî )KI.rÀKOC.TtI;
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rop0B; - He6o,'rb[]uera6apurbr H Maccy; - paBHoMepHyio noÂaqy x{HÀKocrr.r[plr BbrcoKr.rxsHaqeHr{flx o6r',enasnxKIIÂ; - cyxoe BcacbrBaHue; -, SHarlrzTeJrbHoe Haf HeTaHHq ÀaB/'IeHLIe Tarznt o6pasou, BriHToBbIeHacocbl o6"ryaÀarcrrroJIoxHTeJIbHbIMIj KarIecrBaMI4odrrelraHstxHacocoB 6ee nprzcyutflx [ocJIeÀHI,tMHeÀoc r a T K o B ,( u a n p u n r e p , H e p a B H o M e p H o rl îo À a q [ x v t 4 x o c r n ) . LoBpeMeHHbIeBlrHToBbreHacocbr txlrpoKo npr.rMeurror Ha pu6o_ IrpoMbrcJroRbrx cyÂax AJrtr nepeKarr14 BaHr.rfl Brr3Klrx xzÀrKeHHl,rc rroJrocTbHacoca, a 3aTeM r{epe3 H e B o 3 B p a r H u f ir , r a n a u 3 , u e x a uaqecrvft ce[aparop 6 H eosÀyllHyio rpy6y 7 nrtxolar u aruocQepy. Hacoc c narpy6NaMu pa3MeilreH B pe3epByape B, Koropuft Âo onpeÀeJreHHoroypoBHfl saflo,'rHeHMacJroMÀJrf npeÀorBpau{eHr.rfl rroÀca.cbrBaHr4flBO3Àyxa. YpoBeHb MacJra KoHlpofiHpyror r{epe3 cMoTpoBoe creK,'ro 4. Pesepnyap ocyuaercfl qepes Tpy6y 2 n BepxHee orBepcrue, 3aKpbrroe npo6xofi 5, rrJrrr qepe3 HH>KHeeOTBepCTHe c npo6xoft 1. 3auo.tusrb pesepByap Mo)xHo qepe3 OrBepcrr4 e c npolNoir I 1. Hacoc ucfio,{b3yercrr Ha cy: Aax KaK eaxyymuuri AIrfl co3AaHVtr rroHr,r)KeHHofo .rIaBJreHHfl. Ero HeÀocraroK cocrozr B HepaBHOMepHOCTr.rtroÀalr[ ( n y n u c a q u n ). D , n s B É , r p a B H H B a -Plzc. 31. Poropuuù 4ayxnnacruuvaruù r'rl1lfl noÀaqx IIpr4MeHfroT Ha- Hacoc. cocbl c 6onlruair,t Ko,rr,IqecrBoM TIJIACTI,IH. ,I[,,tn odecnerreHr.ifl caMoBCacbrBaHI,Ig ''pl,MeHqlorcfl BoÀoKoJlbueBbre BaKyyMHbIe MHofonrTacrrHlrarbre Hacocbr npocrofo 4eftcreuR, cxeMa r.r KoHcrpyKulrfl Koropbrx rroKagaHa sa puc. 22.
B xopnyce Hacoca3 axcqeHrpr.ruuo pa:ïeuleHbrporop-
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crr4HaMr'i. flpn npaqeHr4r.r poropa >r{HÀKocrb (eoaa) or6pacueaercn rrJracrrrnqarbrMx Jroflar.KtMqK neplr$epun u o6pasyer Bparqatorquricq xo.irrqeeoùcnoËr5. Bc,re4cinra-e Hec>Nrauaeuocru xane,rrsoft >Kr'rÀKocrt4 BpalqatourTricaNo,rsqesoftcnolî r{MeerfiocroqHHyrororxllrHy n pacloJrafaercfl KoHrIeHTpr4r{Ho rro orHo[IeHrT]o K pa6oqeli rlHr'r'uHÀpr.Tr{ecxoli xauepe Hacocâ.Tar Nax porop ycraHoeaeHaxcr{eHrpur{Ho, fiorpaHnqHbrri nuyrpeuHuËxu4xocrsuft cnoû epau1ato-, u1erocqKo,qbrla,conpuKacarcbc BryJrl{où_crynuqeft snepxy, 6y4er 81
[pI{ BparrleHlrHnocrerreHHooTXoÂr4Tbor Hee c oÂHoft cropoHbr rr BHoBbnpu6Jlr{xarbcflc Àpyroù. B odpasyrcqeecflrrprr orxoÂe [pocrpaucreo 6 3acacbrBaercfl x(nÂKocrnpa3pelxeuHoe Bo3Àyxr],'I[ )Kr.rÂKocrb r{3 oKHa /, neperoHaercnito oKpyxnocrr4 ,rorrarKaMr{[Jracrr{HaMur{ HafneraercflB oKHo4. HasgaqeHr.Te oKoH6y4er nsMeHflTbCq IIpu r.r3MeHeH]4I{ HarrpaB,'reHI1Ifl Bpaxl,eHrrfl Br.rÀHo r.rs cpaBuenr{fl cxeMbr c NoucrpynqNeft.
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uacoc: 4 - cxeMa; Psc. 32. MuoronractuuqarstftBoÀoKoJIbI{eBoËt 6 - xoucrpyxt1un. B paccuorpenllbrx poropno-[Jlacrl]Hllarblx Hacocax Ii3MeHeHI{e np]I BcacblBao6reua MelKÂy ÀByMfl [JIacrI]HaMI,I-BbITecHHre,'IflMV HUr4 14 HarHeraill{n ÀocTl4raercfl SKcqeiITp],Ir{HbIMpacrIoJIo)KeHI{eM poropa, Kpoue roro, oHI,i sBJIflIorcfl HacocaMLInpocrofo (o4Izuapuoro) ÂeËcrBufl, T. e. sa oÀtIH o6opor poropa Ka)KÀafl fiâpa nJIaHelOcruH oÂriH pas ocyuecrBJlfler [pIIeM I'I loÀar{y )KI{ÂKOCTI',I. craroK TaKr.rxHacocoB- 6ontttraq Hafpy3Ka Ha ocb poropa I{ IIJIaI.I HepaBHOMepHocrbroÂarl14. CTI{HbroT cLrJIÂaBJIeHItgXLIÂKOCTI'I 6o,ree coBepIIIeHHbIMI.IMoxHo cq[Tarb flracrllur{arble Hacocbl c Kourreurpr{rrnblMpactto,ilo)KeulieMporopa u Saconnult npoQn,relt pa6oueir KaMepbI Koplyca. Cxeua raKoro Hacoca ÀeoftHoro Àeû' ô r e u q H e o d p a x ( e u aH a p l l c . 3 3 . B $ a c o u n o l i p a d o u e i t r a u e p e x o p 82
nyca 6 rrMerorcfirrerbrpeoKHac npope3flMr.r: 7 u 3- BcacblBarorrne, 4 u I -HarHerareJrbHble.B porope 5 unercrcs rra3bl,B Koropblx pa1kraJrbHorr,rracrrrutt2. flpn epauleHr.rrporopa rrepeMeu{ârcTcfr, rrraerlrnbr rrpH)Kr.rMarorcfl ttoÀ ÀeftcreHei\,rqenrpo6exnoù cu,ru x euyrpeuuefi[oBepxuocru pa6ouefiKaMepbr.fIpH epaueHau poropa B HaIIpaB,lIeHI'III
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(tT-r?), Q,: l2Ùbna
(142)
fÂe o - yrJroBas cKopocrb poropa; b - utupuua pa6oueft qacrn f2 Lr T1- éoorsercreeHuo 6onlurorî r.r nrànurî paauyctr nJracrr4Hbr; ,{acrû nJIacrI{HbI; no.nyocericraropa; r z-r r - ÀJIHHaBblcryrlarcu1efi qacroTa n BpaIIIeHvf. Mou{socm HacocaonpeÀerqercqrto paHeenpnBeÀeHHbIM QopMyJraM. O6ururi K.rI.Â. Hacoca cpe4ueft Molrluocrll cocraBJlfler qn= 0,85. 83
Taroli Tr4rr HacocoB rrpxMeHflercfl B cr.{creMefr.Àpoflp LrBo/\ana,ry6Hux MexaHH3MoB Ha cyÀax TfIp rula ofpyuairi, 1'u3,ro,rorr). I(oucrpyxqufl MHoro[,]IacrlrHqaroro Hacoca cncreMbr > I I o K a s a H au a p n c . 3 4 . Hacoc cocro'T r.r3qyryHHofo Koplyca ,r, saNpen.neHHofoJrarattrw 9 va $yn4aueure. B xopnyce paâvreure"u $rco"n aa palouar KaMepa 4noliHoro Àeficrezq c rpaBbrMl4 7 u B n neeHN{r.r'1 I u 12 pa6ouunaz KaMepaMn. Porop 4 raueer Àecflrb paÀra,rrb*brx rra3oB, B KOTOPbIC BCTABJIEHbI CTAJIbHbiE II.IACTI,IHbI J.
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9uc,leuso xoaSQuqzeHr 6ucrpoxoÀHocrl,IpaBeu qacrore BpaMouIMoÀeJlbHofo Hacoca,norpe6.naroulero uteur.rrr raK Ha3bIBaeMoro Harlop I Nl soÀ. cr. rlpu [poH3BoÀLIHocrl 0,736xBr a cosÀaroIr1ero 75 nlc BoÀEI. TeJrbHocrr4 B saenczlaocrrlor BHaqeHIrflros$Suqzeura 6ttcrpoxoÂHocrl{ rzsMeHflrorcn Sopirnupa6ouaxKo,rec(puc.37, a-ô).flpn yeenvueHW ns yMeHÉ'naercfl orHoilIeHr.reÀraMerpa BbIXoÀHbIXI{ BxoÀHbIX noJiyKpoMoKnonacrefi DzlDo. lIpu n') 300 uavdo,ree oKoHoMIaqHbI oceBbre (Âuarouarrnrte) , a npn n")600 - ocesHe uacocu. flpn Hacocbl 6yayr pa6orarr c 6olee nr(30 [oprxHeBbreI.I poraIrLIoHHbIe B b I C O K I 4 M 1 4K . T I . À .
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Enaro4apa se6o.ntuznr o6teuau rrupKylnpyrcqefo Mac,,ra aK_ cHa,'rbHo-noplxHeBbre Ma[rhHbr o6.na4arur 60,rlruoâ npHeMHCTOCTb]O u n'ra,roË r'rHepu[oHHocrbro, B CBfl3H C qeM Ixr.IpoKo I{c[oJrbsyrorcfl Ârtr peBepcnBnbrx rrpnBoÀoB. Koncrpyxq4fi, aKc1ailb11oro poropgon o p t r r H e B o r or u À p o À B u r a r e . n r n s o 6 p a l x e H a H a p a c . T l . B Henoa_ 145
Br.rxHoM Kop[yce 10 Asurarenfl' pa3Meu{en 6,loN qlrnrlu4poe 'l'1 nO oKpyx(HocTII OCeBbIMI{II}LtI',IHÀpI,IqecKuMI'I c pacIIoJIox{eHHbIMI?I cKoJlb3fll nJIyHX{epbI (noporBepcrI,IsM14,B Koropblx c"eo6onHo.. qepe3 npoMexyror#Ioe Ko"IbnpntvtltNaroulefi 13, rpuruNe B uura) 6. I Lr Z Llrfl' HAao 12 x 6,'roNy IIIIJIHHÀpOB,IlMeIoTcfl noÂcoeÀLIHeHl1,fl rlepe3 14 l,tts' r'eBcraBKy nopuoro Iz c!ïLIBHofo ipy6onpoeoÀoB
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HacocoM 2, nanop Koropofo onpeÀeJrflercfl pa3Hocrbro ruÀpaBflr4qe_ cKlrx co[porrznreHurZ, cosÀaBaeMbrxÀByMfl __ perynn_ ÂpocceJrflMr{ pyeuuu 4 H HeperyJrrzpyeMbrM 5, a raxxe [peÂoxpaHareJrbHbrMK.rrarIaHoM 3 npu nocrotssofi uapKyJrflrlr4u ùac.na. . Taxas cr{creMa ÀI{CraHuHoHHOfoyIIpaB']reHrrrnp[foÀHa B ycJroBHsx Hrasxl{x reNrrleparyp oKpyx(amqero Bo3Àyxa, Ho rpedyer yBerr,rrreHHofopac_ eHeprur4 Alrfl. HelpepbrBHoû rlnpxy"naqna padouefi xrz4nocru ToÀa (nacla) .. Paccuorputr rrpHHurzrraaJrbHbre cxeMbr rlrÀponpr.rBoÀoncyÀoBoro fpysonoÀteMHofo ttoBoporuoro KpaHa c o6ier,,rilunr pery.,nzponalraeM cKopocrn B MexaHH3MâXnoÀteMa H noBopora npn saxprrror? c[cTeMe rrnra],J.Hfl.. B xaqecree fHÀpaBraqecxux 4nvratèneri acllo,,rb3yrorcfl eucoxoo60porHbre aKcria.rrbHo-n,'ryH)KepHbre, paÀr{aJrbHonJryHxepHbreu nopuHeBbre MalxaHbr [pflMoxo 4eûcreux (cHnosrre uH/THHÀpbrJ. falpan.nzqecKafl cxeMa MexaHHgMa noÀbeMa KpaHa ,: Ha 'o pnc. 74, cocrorrr Hs frzÀpoÀBïfarers / c rn4poroprr,rôior,n z n rrpeÀoxpaHHTeJrbubrM xnanauou 3. 155
c noMolrlbro xnanaua 5 Knanas 4, HuerculuË rrz4poynpaBJreHr,re, B CI.ICreMeCIrr4Ba, noÀÂepx(HBaeT olrpeÀeJleHHoe[poTI4BoÀaBJIeHI,Ie rrpeÀorBpaulaloulee oTpbrB nJlyHxepoB or )KHÀKoCTI{H yÀapbI B fHÂpoÂBrzrareJre.Hacoc 7 nepeueuHoft npouseoÀI{reJlbHocruynpaBJIflercfl cepBoMoropoM 6, no,lyuarcurl.IM c [ocra ylpaBJIeHLIfl I]MIIyJIbc, HacocoM 10. D,asneulle B cHcreMe yrrpaBJIexoropuft ycuJrr4BaeTcfl KJIanaHaMI,I9. Hacoc II HHfl peryJlHpyercfl npeÀoxpaHIIre"IbHbIMIiI r{epe3 HeBo3BparHble KJIaTIaHbIB nono,lHser yreqKn B cl'IcreMe. B eroË MarncrpaJII{ noÀltllrKu ycraHoB./IeHrpxseeoft $unrrp 12. .(na pasrpy3Kr.r MexaHIi3Ma or ÀaB,'IeHI{rB npeÀeJIbHbIXnoJIo)KeHlrqx Hueercr 6.nox*tpoeoqHHft K"Ia[aH 13. llpu rIaÀeH]'II4ÀaB,IIeHIlfl B cricreMe npyxlluuuit ropMos 2 saropttaxuBaer Àeurarerl. B Ha-
ynpaB' clzcreMÀIIcraHIIIioHHoro Cxeuu rllÀpaBnlrqecKllx :ff;J, ua.ne pa6orbl ÀBllfared'Ib pacropMa)Klleaercfl flyreM c>Narl'iff rlpyB cl]creMe. )Kr{HbrropMo3a trpu Àocrll)Keuun rpe6yeMoro ÀaBJIeHI'In fl BbIJIera crpeJIbI sMeHeHI4 B rlrÀponpI{BoÀe MexaHn3Ma 14 (puc. 74, 6) nnIercrcfl fuÂposaMxIa 2, xoropble sanl4palor Ilo,'locrn npeÀorBpauafl cuJroBofo III4JII{HÂpaI npu noHLIx{eHHol\{ÀaBJIeHI4I'I, caMonportsBoJIbHoeonycKaHHe crpeJIbI, coeÀusesuoti co IIIToKoM a npettoprxHfl. Or neperpysKH r-Iod'Iocrefiru4p asnl4r{ecKofo IIHJII.IHÀp [,ycMorpeHbr npeÀoxpaHllreJlbHbleK,rIalaHbI 3. Vnpan.leHl{e Mexa9. llpU nO3OJIOTHIIXOTTA HH3MaMr.IBbrJrera crpeJIbI npoLI3BOÂLITCfl padovaa xlrÀKocrb or Hacoca 6 nepenycNaerca Jrox<eHr{H UCPES$A,TITP B UA CJIHBIIP}I HAJIVqW PCÀYKIII,IOHHOTO 3O,'IOTHI{KOM KJrarraHaZ o6ècneqraBalouleronocroflHnoe ÀaBJIeHI{enpu pa6ore HâCOCa.
llpn nepelreureHllll 3o,IIorHLIKa9 efleeo )KI4ÀKocrbor Hacoca nepe[ycKaercx x nanopHoMy sor'torlluNy 4, xoropuli orKpblBaercs noÀ 5 c HenosaparÀeftcrsaeN{ co3ÀaBaeMofo LIMlyJIbca rlepe3 Âpo_c_ce,'Ib nocryrlaer HbrM KJra[aHoM LI orKpblBaer fllÀpoK,'Iarra:g-2. Xtllxocrb B rpaBylo noJlocrb rllÀpoun,'rraulpa I (co cropoHot uroxa). tlopCTpeJIy I'I yMeHbIUaeTee BL'IJIeT' uIeHb, ÀBI'IraflCbBJIeBO'IIOÀHHMae1. Irls reeorî noJrocrn )r{tlÀKocrb Bbt?KHMaercflHa c"TI{Buepes pèayrqnouuuft KJraraH 10, o6ecuçqrrBa'multlfi rrporl{BoÀaB/leHIiç Ailfl
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r'r yBeJrr{qHBar ee Bbr,rrerco cKopocrbro,pefy,rwpyeuofi peÀyKrrr{oHHbrMKJra[asow10. TexH[.recxaflgKcnJryararlus,ga6nnÀeHne,yxo r.r pa6oru no npoQr'r,raxrLrKe cr{creM rHÀponpr{BoÀoBocyurecrB,îseTIIocrofHHo 3aKpe[JreHH ufi. nepcouaJr,r]MerorrlHftcneqaa.rlr,Èyrc no4roroÉKy. fI oÀforoBKa x 4erlcreurc, nycK u o1cny>xzBanueBo BpeMfl pa6oru, A TAK}KC OCTAHOBKA TI,TÀPABTAqECKHX M AIlII{H II{ÀPONPI4BOÀâ ÀOJI)KHbI BbINOJIH'TbCfl B IOJIHOM COOTBETCTBTIU C >,
p_aspa6oraHHbrMu fnnpopu6QJroroM r.r yrBepx{ÀeHubrMr{ MpX CCCP, a raKx(e c larlcrpyKrluflMu saBoÂoern $apnt-lzsrorosIzrereË. uocrogunoftroroBuocru rr{ÀporrpuBo4a !,.nn o6ecneqeHuq x 4eËcrBLrrcseo6xoÀ,unro: + rlêPploÀI{qecKa rrp_oBepsTb r.r rIoÀÀep)I{L{BaTb ypOBeHbMacJra B HaropuoMlracnarroll6ane; 157
- CJIêÀHTb3a TêpMêTLITIHOCTIIIO cIzcTeMbI,He ÀOnyCKafl yTeqeK r{epe3 Mecra yn"rrorHeH[Ï414 coe[r4HeHrzftrpydoirpoBoÂoB, a[napaTi pbl H MeXaHr.r3MOB; - flepHoÀr.rqecKrz, He pexe oÀHoro pa3a B roÀ, npoBeprrrb KarrecrBopa60qero MacJra; , - qepe3 KaxÀbre 2000 q pa6orbr, Ho He pelxe oÀHofo pa3a B 2 roÀa MeHflTb Mac,ro B fizÀpocIzcreMe, nonyrHo lpor.r3BoÀq qI4CTKy, MbrTbeI.rOKpaCKyMaCIqHbrX6aXOe; - Ilep]roÀHrrecKfi, qepeS Ka)KÀbre150-200 u pa6oru, [por3BoÀnrb qucrKy H rrpoMbrBKycerqarbrx 14MarHr.rrHuxQa.ltrpoB ruÂpocl.IcreMbr;uepes 500 q pa6orbr 3aMeHflrb narpoH Sra.nlrpa norJroI]Iarcrqefo THna; - B neplro4 6es4eficrena rr4Àporrpr4BoÀaoÀr.ru pa3 B Mecsq IIpor43BoÀr4rbKoHrpoJrbHyro IIpoBepKy efo ocHoBHbrx 9JreMeHroB n 4eftcreru; - He pe)Ke pa3a B roÀ flpoBepflrÉ,cpa6aTbrBaHue3arqllTbl fHÀpoIIpr.rBoÀa,B ToM rrncJre rrpeÀoxpaHr.rreJrbHbrx KJrarraHoB,no [pe3HaqeHr.rrM rrapaMeTpoB; ÀeJrbHbrM - rrocToflHHoc,rreÀHTb3a cocToflHr.reMll3o,rrflql4l,IH KpenJreHr.IeM gJreKrponphBoÀaHacocnofi craHqur,rLr cr{creMbr Kadereft z ttpr4BoÀoB Harrla3aqu cHf a; - nepproÀr.r.qecKH cMa3brBaTby3d'rbrTpeHr.rfl,rxapHr4pHbrecoeÀI{HeHIIfl, noÀlllr.rrrHr4Kw, 6 noxu MexaHI,I3MoB ; - co6,rrcÀarn oco6yrc qacrory npu c6opxe u pas6opxe ruÀpoarperaroB r.i fr.rÀpoanraparypbr B rrepuoÀbrpeMoHroB,penusuri rzocMOrpoB; -_ npoTrzpaTbÀeTa,rrr.{ Tor'rbKolrrzcTbrMMaTepIraJIoM- 6arucrou, 6ssrro u,ru Q,raueJlblo, He [p[MeHflTb HlrrffHyro Berourb H JIocKyr, KOrOpbreMoryr 3acopr.rrbclrcTeMyrr.rÀponpHBoÀa; - MapKr.rpoBarbnpu6opn KoHrpoJrbHo-pery,r[pyrcuefi annapaTyp[,r B coorBercrBlr]I c [pr.IHrrr{nnanrnofi rr.rÀpocxeMofi Lnr. o6flefrrenrzflodcry>KuBaHVflvr o6HapyxeHufl Her{clpaBuoro y3JIa. flpa no4roroBKe fr.rÀporpHBoÀaK nycKy Heo6xoÀurr,ro: -: -. rpoH3Becrr{ Hapyxuuri ocMorp, y6e4urscn B KoMnreKrHocrlr fr.IÀpocucreMbrrz orcyrcrBllu e HeIZltocroponul]x npeÀMeroB; * y6e4urrcfl B rrcnpaBHocrn 6apa6aHon, vryQr, ropMo3oB; - npoBepr]rs ÂeftcreHe pbrr{aroB ynpaBJIeHL.Ifi I{ ycraHoBllrb lrx e uefirpanlHoe rroloxeHi.re: -ttpoBepurb HaJrr4qnepa6ouero Macd'IaB eMKocrflx H cMasoIIHOI'OMacr'taB y3/'IaXTpeHHt; - B ,reTHeeBpeMfl npoBephTb cHcreMy oxJIax{ÀeHLIfl; (szuHee) pa6oru BKJIIoqIlrb BpeMq Ào Harlafla xoJroÀHoe BCe MexaHLI3MbI I,I npOBepHyTb BxOJIOCTyIO MacJIOIIOÀOrpeBaTedll{ B reqeHnel0 nrns. O6c.nyxHeaHrre rr4Àponpr.iBoÀaBo BpeMn 3KcnJIyaraqHHrlpeÀycMarprrBaer cJIeÀylouee: " ,+ Hap.y,xublri -ocMorp' rl,IÀpoMexalllrsMoB He MeHee ÀByx pa3 uerltpexuaconoft pa6oru; B reqeHr.reFrenpepbIBHofi r58
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l. Orcyrcrnr4e ÀaBJreFrr.rfl B cucreMe fnÀponpuBoÂa; Bo3Mo)KHbre I]p]rqIrHbr: - Hacoc He noÀaer >KnÂKocrbB ct4creMy (nponepurl tacltpaBHocrl Hacoca); - rrpesMepntrfi ussoc ÀBrzxyilIuxcs qacrelî Hacoca (nponepurs npoH3BOÀI.rTeJrbHoClb Hacoca Ha xo,rrocToMxoÀy r4 noÀ Harpysxofi, B cJyqae neo6xoÀlluocr[ 3aMeH]rrb rlsHorxeHune4era.nn); - 6o.rlmne BuerxHr{e yTeqKH qepe3 yn,'rorHeHnfl H coeÀr.rueHnrr Hacoca a rpy6onpoBoÀoB (nponepurt r4cnpaBnocrr yn.norneHzû, NO.ITflHYTb HJIH 3AMEHI{Tb HX, NOÀTflHYTb COCÀI'IHCHI{flTPYoONPOEO,loB, cMeHHTb [pOKJIaÀKH) ;
yrer{Kr.r B faÀpoarpefarax ,'rn6oorrreHuq crrlrù conporuBJreHris BpaqeHHrc ?,' 2 ToqKa npuroxenxfl cntbl ynopa P,' 6 - ocn noB - HanpasleHue Bopora ronacru; Bpau{eH}rq H a n p a B , r e uue ÂBtrxeHus. eunra; l"
HuMi III - 6o.iruu:un.
Ha JIOnaCTHHa6efarcU{ero rrOTOKaBOÀbr a McrMeHTbI OT BO3ÀefiCTBr{fl Lr ueHrpo6exHbre cuJrbr H MoMeHrbr or Macc BpalllarcUll,Ixcfl Jrolacreù. fu4po4anaMhqecKr4e cuJrbr Bo3HI{Karor or ÀeficrBnr cHJr rqfu (ynopa Jronacrr.r) P u cun co[porr4BJreHnsBpaueHr4ro,rronacrx 7. Cuna P HanpaBJreHaB cropoHy ÀBrzx{eHlrflcyÀHa, a cwila T - nap aJL{eJIbHO rrJrOCKOCTT.T BpauleHr.rflB14 rrTa. Kax staÀHo r,r3 pnc. 77, rotxu [pr4Jro)KeHuflpaBHoÂeftcrBylorrlux crrJr Ha Jrorracrr.r6nv,erKIjMa,
odecueqzsaeMbre nod'ro)KeHr.trMr.r,rouacrefi, nrnpr*ap, iifi"p"a_ Ha3a4>>, iun u aD. llo po4y eneprrzrz (npano4a)-u'c-no,rosyeuori Àns pa6oru MI4III, p agrarrarorcJreÀyrouaenn4u BPIII : c fuÀpaBJra.reqKrT[{,nplrBoÀoM; 167
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