- .. , . . , . . !" , . . ...
64 downloads
165 Views
2MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
- .. , . . , . . !" , . .
"
- 1987
# $%&$ ' ( ( ( ) ' *+ ( '
/ ' 0 2(' " 2"' (. 3' " !/ 3 3 3 '. 4 ' " 2
) " (+ " ) 3 ', ' (* " 2
, " *+ 3 ', , * ! /* ( " )' ( . 3 /' 3 ' ( ') " ! (' ! !/' (' ' ! 0 2 ( 2 '. 3 3 ' /* , ! 3 ' /' +( " (*+( " . )( "( ) " * ' ! ' *+ ' ! * ' * ( 3 ' ' ' ) '. :" " (+ '+ 3 , " ! 3 " !/(
! ' ) ! "( ' " ,, / ( " ' 3 ' ' ' (4) . ' 300 ( / 4 " / 3 " 2 /') ! " "2 ! " ) - 3 . & ) '! " / ! 2! 3 3 ( ! 3 '
/! ' " +( ( /') *' /-/ /' ((. $' 3' 2 (' - ' ' ' ' ' " " ) " 3 ' "2 ! (', " ' ( / 3 ' ' ' ! 2" . $/ " 3 ' ' '
3 3 ' / , ' ' . 4 " /' ! ' ! / 3 ' " 0 ' " ) / ) " 4 (+' . ) ) ! ' /') ! ' ( ! / ! 3 ' 3 ' ' ' " ' ! /' "( ( 3 3 ' (44). " (, / ' " )! ( " ' *+ 3 " ' ! .
, '*+ / * + * " " " 0 ' !' 3 ' 2" '.
1. #&;% 4% &W> 4%
.2.2,. P ! " ! *+ /'( ( ' '' '+ , " 0/ '' ' ! 4 eY, b, , " ! 3 '
" ' '' 2 -
2.1. $'" ! "' " " " " / & ' ' " '" ! "' ($) 44 ( (* ( " ' 3 3 : " (' , , " / ( " ' " ()( [5]. 2" ( " " " " *( 2", " ( /* ( " (*+ ( " " 2
( "( ' ' 3 ''. !( '+ ! ( " 2 '+ 44), ') ! 3' !' ' " ()(. ! '+ , ( 2 " 2 " " ()( ' " " " " 2
/'( " )*+ , ( /''. 3' " () ) /* " '" ! "' ($). "( 2 '' $ " '+ " (' ( "/ .2.1, , " $ ( ( " (*+ ( ( '
/ 3,3' ) '" ! " ! X, '' 2(' . ) '' 2 '" ! " ()( " ( ( ' ( Y. '' ( '' 2 '" ! " ( ! " 2
, " (+ /* $ ("/ 2 '' .2.1 ' ' ' ( '' ( '' 2 '" ! ).
2.1.1. $'" ! "', /*+ " " ( !. " 44 " 0/ ' " (' ,
' ( " *+ " +(: w" (' Id " !* ) ( ! 2" " ( Ld =\); w' /* (( " 2
'' 2; w " ( 3 ' 44 " )' ' ; w !, '" ! )( " ()( ($$:) (*
' 0/ " ( ('. " '' . 44 ') 3 ! ' " w:' !
xc ' " ' 0 ' ( - *+ ) x". " xki- '' 2 " ( " - . ( x " ' " * " ! 2, / ( ! 2 (x*2). / " " ' ( ' !' " * / ,
U S - ' ! " () " ( ' !( '+ ! . ( x- " /'(. & " '* * =0,16 .. , x , " (* / (
) Xr20°. ! ! " 0 uk /
" ' ( ) " 1-5 ' . " ! uk " ( ( '' " (' ' ' v=hm±1 (
' ' ( m=6, "3' v=6h±1. " '"
U S - ' ! " () '' ( ' !( " ( '+ ! ' *+ ' )' . " x" " ( " /'( 0 ' :
* , S - " () /'( 0 ' " ( ' !( '+ !. ( " +( !
) ' 0 ' " !' " ' (3002 0 '2 h =I). '( '', "( (*+( / $$:, "/ .2.2, . < * " ()( uca ') " ! '' )
'" m $ ("/ ), / u ( 2.3). / ( 2 " " 3 3 ( /++ ) " " $$:
' * ( *+ " ' u : ' ' ! /, ! ! 0 , " ! , ! )
/ ' Umv ! 0 [5]. ( " 2 !* uk ' ! " ' " (' !' ) ! X [7]. ! '" ' U*mv=Umv/p2E2=Umv/Em ( ( h=1) "( ( *
' " () u (3002 ! ), ( " ()( " *+' /* ' /* / , 3002 " ! 2 (' " ()( . $ * ' ' !
/( ( ! ' ( )
um 2 8 ( '. ,2.3):
ukm=Em sin(Y+X)xc/(xc+x").
Y+X=o/2 =" ( " ) " / / '+ !* ), ukm=0,5 m ! ! uk " ( ( ' '' 2 X, / Y, '" /'( Ikm ' 2 ( .2.4,) / Id ( .2.4, ) '
P ! 2 - + / 4 ' (" h=1, p2E2=Em) : ! /( X , " !* / ) '+ !* " ( ( Y =0, ="). Xq(30-35)°q(1,7-2) ' " 50 2. 4 /') 3 , 44
Pd=UdoId. -'+ ! " ( ; Udo.-" (' " () )' , " Y =0 Udo=3p2 E2/o; S/ -" ( '+ ! '' /'( 44 " ' . ') " ! " 0 ' :
n - " ! *+ . Q ' (2.8) " ( 0/ " ()( ! /2, Umv ) ( '" 0/ 4 Em0=Em /p3. $/ (2.8) , Umv " / X v " ' /( X. !, /( Umv ( v=5, 7, 11, 13 " X=50 "* !* " 2 ( .2.5). ! Umv " ' X , " ! ( 2 " ( ' ' ! / '" 5-, 7-, 11- 13- ' ') " ) ! U*mvq#d/S/."( "/ /'( U*mv " 2
" / .2.6, / , " v > 25-29 ' " / * " 2 " " ') !.
' ! 2 " ' $ ( " ()( " ' . ' ' ( " ()( " ' . ' ' ( " ()( '! , ' " '' '+ . #/ !
* ! / |U*| " v=5 "/ .2.8,
) ' " () 2 ( "'+!* 3002 ! , / 44 ) " ! 0,1 10%: R (}\v=2Uv2)½/U1. U1, ,Uv - *+ / " '
(*+ " ()(.
' ' ' h ') " ! " " ) 0 '
" ( h ' ' !' )' , Y+X/2=o/2. 4 (2.10) "/ .2.7. (, xc/c+"qPd/S +S / .2.7, 44 * ( /' ( ! * '+ !.
( " $ " (' *+ /( U " ()( , 44 ) " ! ±2,5% U. ' ( " ()( "* /2* U 3 ( /-/ " ( /' ! , " (* U , '" Um. /( " ()(. 4 " " ' 3002 0 ' '" " ()( / ' " ' $$: " ! U. /( U U ') , " (, h " ( / ' " ()(, h =Uv/U1. ( ~U*=(U-U)/U " /2 Um U " ' :
, |U*|>5% ) " h =10% Um=const. 4 " ((
"2 ! ' " /2 U ( h r5% ( ' " !/' .2.7 " S=0 X=20° " ( #d/S r5%. ( $$: 2" / 2 ( " " !' Ud /'* /( [5]. 2.1.2. $, /*+ " " " 2
*( *( (. #
' ' " 2
*( *( ' ( .2.9) ( ) " + / , " ( " / " ( !,
" ! ' ' ! 2"( . ' ! 0, *
* ' ! 0/ 0 ' ' ! , (*+ 0 ' !' ' ! " , 0(1-10)Q. ' " * "1, "2 -
' /(, " * " * ' ' "'" 2 , ( "1 , "2 . ! ' ' !
"1 ="2 =(1-10) '0. ' ** ) 2" RC, " / ( '"0 ( ! " 2
*( . < ' 3 ( ! ' / ! *
* ' ! 0/ ! " =(5-20) '0,
( / ( " ' $. : ' ! ' , ( L L"+L ) " ' , " " (*+ ( /' +( (" * * ) /* "( ! " 2
LC. ( 2 ' /! " ()( " *( *( . < ( " ()( ( u (" ()( ') ' ') "/ .2.10 / ! " 2
. & 0 ' ( / " () u2 ' 0 ' , " ' " ()(' ( '. .2.2, ). * ( ( '', *+ Y) /'( ( /( U 1 0:
2m - '" 4 ' 0 ' ( ( hm=1, E2m=Em) * ( ( '' 2o/3+Y+X) ua / ( /(
" !
' ' " 2
*( (, " ' V2 ( '. .2.9). '' *( V2 " ( V6 V1. 3' " () ) ' 0 " *+ 0/ 4, " () ' "1 4C 0/ , ' "2- 4 0/ . " () V2 '' *( ( '. .2.10) ua=Uck1. ' /', " * V2 " () "1 0 0/ , ' " () 0 0/ . / ) " *( V2 ( " / ( 3 ' ( " ()) " ' *+ ("/
' .2.9). / ' ' ( (" ), (+ . 3' * ( / ) '
(, " ( ( (' L ' (' (0, "1 "2). &2' " ( / )' '" . 4 ( ' ( *( ( V2 "/ .2.11,, R " " , 3 ( ' ! 9=20"/(20+"). ?
' " ( " L = 10-5 3 =10-8 Q.
: ! / '" " ()( 3 ( '. .2.11) U 1= 2msinYq102 . > '" $ ') ! 4,36U0' , " / () '
–4U0' , " " !* / () " 1,7 U0' . 4L/R2 , " !' / , C3 >C2 (, ( 2( / " " ( 2»2', .. " 2' q0 ') " ! " / " ()( '" ! "' "( " " + 0 '
' . #/ "( " " " 10 '', '' 700 '' ( + " ) 5 '', '' 1500 '' (" * " ). " " " "
( 5 ''. " $% " " ' ' ' ) 2 ''," )'
( 5 '' " " . " 1'. & + " / " ! " , " * " – / . " '" ! "' " (! ' ' " * 200 &'. ! ! '" ! "' I ' , ' ' ! / " ()( 1000 .
2" "( /+ " " '
'' ' !* 0,1 '0, , " ( ' ! " * 2" " *, " ' ' ' ! /') * '' '" ! "' "(:
3.3. $'" ! "', 0 '2 ( $/-/ 02 ' ( /'+( ( ! '' 2 0 '2 " * '
'. 3' " / ( '" ! "' ( ( 2"( 0 '2 . : ! "'' 3 ' 0 '2 (/, " 3 ' ', " ' ( " ' " 3 . R " '(* ( 3 0 '2 ( " ', 0 '2 .". 2 '" ! "' ' / ! " ' ! . ( (* "", ! "'' ') (/ 3 (. 4 * 3 ') ! ' , "3' " 3 ' (/ ') ' ') 3 ! ' ' " ' '. ! ( (* ( 3 ', "3' " 3 ' (/ ') ' 3 ! ' " ' " ' '.
" ' R2 ( (! ( " / (2 2". < ' , " " 2
' ' !' /' " ()( " * / '( ( " 0 '" ! "', "/ ( ! " ( " 2
2" ( / '( t0 / (+' ' R1 L1 . ' / " + ' /'+( '" '
(*+ "' ') " ! " 0 '
3.3.1. $'" ! "', 3 3 0 '2 (. 4 3 * ( ' /'+(
' " ' ', "/ . 3.17. "! ( /'+ ( !* ) L1 , '' ' !* ) / " '' ' " ' "' ) ( 1. " 0 '2 ( /'+* ( !* ) R1 ,
' !* ) " C2 , ' " ' / " * " R2 /2 ' (' 2" / " * " 1 2.
2 '" ! , ' 2"( 0 '2 ( (" ' , 3 *+ ) ,') " ! (' ' (*+ 3 ' (/ ') (' 12 . < ' , " //' (*+ " ' 3 ' 300 ' 2" 0 '2 ( 2 "3' ' ') ) " !. ' /', 2"! 3 *+ 3 ( " '' !* L2 ' " ' R2 .
" R2 ' , 0 ' i2 " (! 0 ' i1 . '" , 2" 3 *+ 0 '2 (, ') " ! " 0 '
4 ' (/ ') 2"(' 3 * ( /' ' !* 12 /' !* 12 ' " 0 '2 .
a '" ' (*+ "' - " 0 '
t0 - ! ! " 0 '" ! "' u1. +' 2" 0 '2 ( /* ' (, ( "'. 3' ' ( /'( "2 2", ( / / ! "2 ') 2' ) (. ( 2 " '', +' (*+ '" ! "' '' * (, ..
(+ 0 ' /(
' " , " ) " ! ' ' " , ') " ! " *+' 0 ' '; d - ' " ; h -
( " " ; L " ; 0 = 4o·10-7 &' /'; 0 =8,86·10-12
