A. A. Joreluenn~M ero McaeAoaaHMe 0 nOAKy Mropese~
A. A. rorewsnnn r581 Tpn wcTorHulca . Mcc~~eiro~a~kie. -M.: Eenbre arrbebr, 1999. ISBN 5-7619-0091-2
6nec~munxAO.OTaAOK, HaXOROK n COIIOC~ a e n e ~ uoTKpb1BaeT fi Home HanpaBneHnm B ~ y n b r y ponorn.recKux HccnenoeaHufix o n ~ o #ux c a w x RPK H X H C ~ M ~ CJIOH> c TaKIiMI.1 0 ~ e A e J I R H ) W I M l I IIC-
T O s H H K a M U K Y . T b V F b 1 ~ B ~ o I I ~ ~CpejTFIeBeKOBbX, c K O ~ O K a K TeKCTbl
O T O I c p y X a m I m X , COBCeM H e q e I l k i J I , 6 b 1 ~ 1 3 a q 4 m 1P~ ~ I ~ ~ K OIQTeM , IIIeCTBGHHEIKOM kI ~
n o M e p e 1.01-o, K W orl c r a l r o u m n c a c n e ~ a r n r c ~ o ~ - ~ b ~ ~npu~onoro B~KKUIIIM e k m e ~ bc t C n o ~ oo nomy kiropese>>H e B ero c t o m r n o ~ o i i ~ c w w s k I T e m H o c T H ) >a, B K O W C I P ; ~ O B O # m r r e p a ' r y p b l n ~)'.ub'rypb~ B qWIO.M, COO'rUt-I'CrUGlIkLO k1 ero 3 a r a m k I 1.1 BOIIpOCbI IICTO-XKOBaHHH, K a K I1 BOIIpOCbI k1LTOpHH T e K C T a , I l p e A C T a B a J I l I B C O B Q I I I e H H O MHblX
H a ~ O ~ H T ~ J I ~CCu eKH eO, 3~ a~~ m a n c m M ~ C I I R H OX~I~I B O ~ I C ~ HH) a P O B H e npo+eccuo~ana,nacan
y B n e r I e H HO-
3 ~ o fpi a 6 o ~ ~ 1 .
6 n 6 1 ~ 1, m, o p e I m a r o ~ e p w a n a ~ m o a 3 b r ~ m (a pa m ~ c ~ Ha acpemese~ o s a anox~aa, ) B CBOW osepem conepxalqas B ce6e K a K p e + n e e c b l ,
~ OXOTHEIKOM, b i M 11, B M e C T e C T e M , n p 0 4 e C -
C U O H a J t b H b i M a K B a J I a H T I I C T O M , I T p U H U M a B I l M h I YYaCTEIC' B 6 0 ~ 1 b l ~ 0 i i
T a K I1 n P I l h l b I e 3 a I I M C T B O B a H A X B e J w u r X EIpXeTIInOU A p m H O C T 7 1 .
nojpomofi 3 K c n e m i m n H a osepe Csmnoape. Ho rnaBHb1h.I n c ronaMU BCe BbITeCHIM)LUNM YBJIeYGHUeM A. A. r 0 r e I U B I ~ T k iCTaHOBUJIOCb u c r o p r r s e c K o e m e p a T y p o s e s H r r e , qe~Tpa.m~ofi T ~ M O #B KOTOPOY H ~ Z I S M ~ H HOOm a B a n o c b ((CIIOBO o normy Mropese)). Cpem~MHOXG-
K O l l T e H H X Pi O C M b I U I e H F ~ M a T e p n a n a , n e p B b I e p G 3 y T b T a T b I KOTOPOI'O
C T B a p a 3 H b l X , C O B P e M e H H b I X U IlPOLILrIbIX
Ho~brB~
O B O ~ O A Tc U I ~ ~ O BA. ~ A. H Ir 0~r e~I I ~ I B W I H no M e p e H a -
o n y 6 . m o ~ a ~ Bb pme 1 CE~'E$B b I U I e m a f i t B HaYTHbIX c6opM H C T U T ~~ l~i p 0 ~ 0 ~ J I l 1 T ~ a T f l IIM. b l A. M.r 0 p b K 0 r 0 2 A H a c ~ p a ~ n ~x ly ap Hx a n a c ( 3 ~ a ~ u e - c r r n a ~3! ,a c ~ a ~ ero a m c oco6oB n p ~ 6 b ~ im iM
HIIKaX
U C C J I C ~ O B ~3 TT 0~r~0 I311~E
u~~opuorpa@m o To erecrreeHHoro (two-
M e q a T C , r I b H O I O I l p O B 3 B e A e l l E E f j3Jle~13epyc~Kofi lCYlIbT~b1,O H H a I I I e I I
c l p a c n l o c n m B3llluIHyTb H a
CBOG C O ~ C T B ~ H ~MeCTO I O ~ U IlJIOCKOCTb U C C I I ~ A O B ~ H UB~ K ~O , TOPbIX
B O B e a e H I I s > >B UeJIOM M H a n o 3 I l U H U M H O r R X W0 C O B p e M e H H b I X HCCJIe-
OKa3aJICX T a K I l M X e I T e p B O r I P O X O W e M , K a K U B C B O (~( O ~@U~BJI~-
A o a a T e ~ ~ e fYi , ~ pUa 6 0 ~ bol K a 3 a m c b 6o.mee r e M YH3BUMbIIt.Wi y ~ m o m m ~ e o i~i p m ~omlpawmeBca i , H e H a M H G HH~A O M b I C 5 1 , a H a
~ o i i )CIPO+~CCHA. ) Enec~aqee7
~ a ~ Mn~ O e B O I I I. m T e p a T y p b I ,
mane-
HHC HeCKOSlbKHhSU I 1 3 b l K a M I I n 0 3 B O J I I I m I r o ~ e 1 ~ ~ 1 . Ol .~r H~ ~ P Y X MBT ~
+ a K ~ b l H3bIKa, JIKTepaTflbI
ccCno~eo nomcy Mropene,) o c r a m H ( ( ~ K P O C T Z I ~ HqO y~ ~~
BCeMU BbITZKafOIIIHMM OTCWAB nOUIeACTBUIIMk1, ' I T 0 n07BOJEf-TO e M y
meii menem q e n m n m r a r M o omouremnx c J I I O m M S i , H e T e p n H M b l M K Ma.metimeR $airaura, npacrroco6ne~sec~~y, H e roaops yxe o npa-
Y B e p e H H O BBGCTU 3 T O T llaMIITHFlK B T E ~ ~ o J I o ~ ~ I Y G c K Mp B XLl@YlXXnO-
M O JDKM ~ U KOH5H)HKTflHOCTII,
n o 6 ~ b l xrrpoa3se~emfiXILXII BB. B m T e p a T y p e B o c r o ~ aa 3anana, a - r a K x e 7 a r J r r o r y r b B c r p y ~ ~ cpa Myo I . 0 T e K m a , c A e n a B nopow cnopH b I e , H O BCeTAa H e O P , W I H a p H b I e B b I B O m I K a K 06 U C T O P H H T e K C T a C a M O r O ((C~OB~...>>, T a K H 06 3 T O M , I I p a K T K I e C K I I H e HCCJlefiOBaHHOM y
o6~1apyxmaan T p y A a X I l O W e H H b I X , MaCTUTbIX, P e H s a H H b I X p a 3 m I g H b l M H ( U I a B p a M H > > yseHb1.X O T K p O B C H H O e nepen e p r m a H u c + ~ K T O B , a B T o p w r a p H o c ~ y, h r a m m a l l n e , nnarwa-r, no~ I T F I C I ~ Cnosoc, K ~ ~ R M ~ IK I I O ~a nposue ((III~JIOCTEI>>,c r a B m e
H a C @ H O M ~ HM ~ H p 0 ~ 0 fni 0 3 T H K H ' .
' 3 0 5 ~ H B b I 9 H b I M HB C O B C T C K O ~~ K ~ A ~ M ~ I ~C pCe A Ce ,KHEIWiHa5I O ~ ~ C
~ q p bco ~ > >
30 6bm n e p B b l f i ~ t 1 o r o o 6 e ~ a m mar u u B m y r e H n e ((Cnoaa O nomy Mrope~e)), H M O X H O TOJIbKO C O X a J l e T b , W O , 6 ~ ~ C B9 T - ~ C T a H a C a M u M B B T O P O M , M ' I A a H H a l H a e T O C p e a C T B a K H W a n0 06cxom-
W k1CTOpuH.
Bynyru 'IeJI0BeKOh.r
B BbIC-
r o r e 1 1 l B ~ J I IW I C T O H e hlOl- C f i q X a T b
CBOC IleI-OnOBaHHG,
20-x r r . , 1
HO
o c o 6 e ~ n~bor r u H b m i TOM p a c n y a m I n W e c m B CICTOPH-
n @unonorusec~oii06nac~axH a y m B nocnemue ma-rpu C O B ~ ~ K I IAX e c s m a u s . f l p n ~H ~ 4 ,n~~ 1 0 n o m n 7 npomuonmua, r A e recKoCi
A. A. I b z e t u m ~ u
5
CIpOeKT W C ~ O C O ~ H YenOBeKa O ~ 0U:HUBBK)TCHno KOHesHOMY p e 3 y m ~ a r yOH , Bynen
CTOPOWI,
~ c m I y 6 ~ 1 ~ e m ~ oToro c r a p a ~ s p a ~KaO,T O P ~ I R
nceBAoHayKy, a c ~rpyroii- nomwsecxue pwpecc~rnnpoM 6ecnoIIlaA-
TliB ((UHaKOMbICJlHLWX)).OTCIOAB A pe?KOCTb OUeHOK,
Haa KprITma, K O T O P ~ I M OH nomepran pa6onr HeKoTopbrx CBORX npe,qmemeHHmoa. H e c ~ o ~Ha p rTO, YTO BCe OCHOBHbIe llOnOXeAUX,KOTOPbIe BbImnran aaTop, nonyrunu orpaxeme H a clpaeuqali pyKonuca, A. A. ~ o ~ ~ H eI YCnen ~ IAOBB CCTM ~ A0 KOHUa CROe kiCC.WeAOBaHkie, OlpenaKTU&lOBaTbR o~epeJ(H0fi pa'l HalTHCaHHOe u 6onee IIpOYHO CBX3aTb M e w co6oCi BrepHe 3aKOHYeHHLIe rnaBbI 6ypyqeii KIIkITFI. B TOM, 'IT0 3Ta KHHra BCC Xe c 0 6 p a ~ aM YBB,Z(eJJa CBeT, B IIepByIo orepem 3acrryra B A O B ~ aaTopa, I n. B. rorew~mmr,ero nnehimsma A. 0. AJJDI 1.1C ~ L H O B A. ~ ~A. ~ ,roremn.m, M. A. r o r e m ~ ~ pa6o~m, TaBIIIHX H ~ ~ K o M I I ~ I O TB~~~c H r rO t 0~6a, TaKXe pma my3eii n 0 ~ 0 8 H O r O no HayKC. B c e ~ u HMkl p j ' K O B 0 ~ XeJIaHHe 0 AOHeCTH A0 VkITaTe.rLSI B HeUCKaXeHHOM BKgeKaK MbICTM, TaK H CTWlmCTMKy ~ T O K O ~ H O -
ro
uccnenosaTenn, H e
ocna6nm HaKana crpacreii
1.1 He nbr~ancb
I
UEHTOH, UWTATA, IlAPAaPA3A HX POM B APEBHEPYCCKO~ PA TYPE PI B COBPEMEHHOM cKAOBOBEAEHMM~ To, wno HII
1
MU
vnio He noxoxe, He cyqecmsycrn. nom Banepu
mmaHa)), c + a ~ a m a o i ~eH36e~HoCTbIo i npnrsomefi .m6410, m a sane snome 6naronpwcro~yrojpic~yccmOTHOCI.IT~JI~HOrrpo6.71e~ B O C ~ M ~ ~ C OnaBHOCTM TJI~TH K P~O~M~K O M Y CKaHAaJry.
% O T C K ~B +HHaJIe ~ ~ 066r3a~enb~o n0JI)nliUI nOJIHTHYtXK~
ouemj, n O T H I O ~H e B Y q e a o ~cosere, a B opraeax, osem AaJreKux no npnpone OT rrpo6ne~ +niIonormi a ucropHseaoro m e p a T y p o s e A e m . B p o ~ m MarnrecKoro rrpejmera, nopoxaawuero ~ O K O B ~ LTpacTn IC u H e MeHee cymoKpacKy, a rnaaHoe -
HHMaTb kUIU OTBepraTb, HO B
yBepeH, YTO
710 ero,
. m 6 o cJryYae ~ 9HTaTe.m hIOXeT 6blTb
roreusm~, ~ a 6 m ~ n e mBs~ ,I B O D I A
OUGHKU,
COXpaHIIIolwe CIpklcyrmlg eMy EOhIOp, CKenCkIC, X3BklTenbfIOCTb, BOC-
xuueHue n.w 3 a n a n b ~ ~ 1 n o cero n , uHToHamn u MaHepa ~ s n a r a ~ b MaTepuan. M cnenaHo ?TOHe T O J I ~ K O no e m e c r B e H H o M y npaBy senoBeKa k m e ~ b CBOIO TOYKY 3 p e l 1H~a ~ m ~ e jni rsnrHua orcpyxawqero ero M n p a , HO n n o ~ o ~YTO y , B ~ C I X O T . ~ u3m6ax ~ I X ~b1c.wroremBH?w OTKpbIBaIoTCX HOBbIe, Yam0 HepeaJlH?OBaHHbIe,a TO.rIbK0 ewe qTamlsaeMbIe nomom1 K U J Y Y ~ H W H )cccnoaa o nomy Mropeee)), nepeA K O T O P ~ I M caM OH He n p o c ~ onpeKnoHanca, HO ,Tame 6narorosen; 6onee Toro -- npumnIia.mlro Hosoe (m~ O C C ~ C +n.r~oK O ~ n0rakl) BlrAeHEie KyJlhTypIIO-ACTOpHqeCKOrO KOHTeKCTa H3YYelIWR geH0hielia apeBHepy~~K0fi .rII.ITepaTjpbIkl L ~ ~ ~ B E I G ~ Y C CKY.mT).PbI K O ~ ~ B qenohi, KoTopoe aonxHo 3alrrr1epecosaTb nomemmx Bcnen sa HnM
Monornrx uccne~onar~neii.
H ~ K O T O P ~ IAHHX X
~ O H O C H OPTBbIBOjlJd, ~ I ~ B ~ I C T ~ I I ~ J I J I HIIaMXTWIK, T ~ ~ ~ T ~ aBTOp ~ H ~
KoToporo
n
He
npemonaran,
YTO ? a q m TaKoe HarrpameHHoe
BHHMWIkIe CBOHX 06pa30BaHHbl~ kI He OgeHb 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ ~IIb OT lx OMKOB. q y r b
n o m e a man p a 3 m a n n o p ~ e p ~ ~ ~y re oc ~ p b ~ ~ a e ~
C H O ~ H S M&OnyIl[eHHblXB y3Klig KpYr (CIOCBXUIeHHbIX)),KONM n03BO-
JJeHo CMeTb CBOe Cym4eHEie nMeTb
IlOBOA)' 3TOT0, OKa3bIBaeTCI,
T ~ ~ ~ F ~ P o BJIJIJl ~ HIIPH OC oTb~IXoCMePTHbIX (UIaMmHHKa)),COBTWCHHO I l e r r p H I T 0 ~ aTM~~@epy ~~ K O H @ ~ P ~ U I ~OKpYXaEOLQW M~, ((30JIO-
Toe CnOBO P ~ C C K O JlHTepaTjpbI)), ~~ U?BeCTMOe nOA Ha3BaHHeM ((Cn0-
o nomcy Mroptteeo. Kananocb 6 ~ 1KaKoe , ne.iIo 6 e m o ~ HmeHepy y ao npo6nehinpes~ e p y c c ~ ocini o ~ e c ~ o c rrua,eqenpo6ne~, nyremecmymxwx no LTpa-
BO
paT)'pHOrO
06pymw~1ucbH a H a s m i a m u e r o a c c n e a o s a T e m a M H O ~ O 06eua~rue1-oMo.nooAoro n o s ~ a ? 3a TO? A 321 T O , ' I T 0 O U p O M € T I H B O )'Bt?pOBaB, Gym0 U B n p R M b (a(aXDmc o B W c K k i 8 WJlOBeK - HHTepHaIJ.kiOHaJIZiCT O T p O W e H k I I I ) ) , T O ( ~ i e 0 6 x o m l~l poe O A O J I e B a T b H C T O p n Y f X K n CJiOXWBWeCR CTCpeOT U u n~ p e ~ y 6 e m q e ~ k Bi aO T H O l l I e H u R X M e w H a p o n a M m ) , o H 6ecMyXH TaK
I l p C r a W k i HCTOpkIYeCKOrO C O A C p X a H H X H cckI.QeiiHor0 CMbICIIa)) lIkITenpOkI?BeneHI.IX, H k i M a n O H e C h l y W a X C b T e M I$UKTO~I, 'IT0
6b1no C O 3 m H O B O C e M b B e K O B TOMY H a ' J a A , l l P R M 0 HHCllMpI.lpOBana 6ecnapnom1e, rpy6b1e H a T R m C k i B 0 n p e m e H I . m ero X y A O X e c T s e H ~ o i npupoab~, i ~ICTOKOB&IN C T O ~ H I ~ K O Bero n03TPIK&I, npn BCeX HCy M e p e H H b I X B O C T O p r a X ki o + l l r u i a . V h ~ b l ~C r I a B O L ~ O B k I X XB Y e C T b ((CJIOsav nopamana r J r y x o T a nkiluyunx o e m p a r - O ~ ~ H Hn O aM Ma T H m e OH0
I 1 I
K n 0 3 T k i q e C K 0 f i C T O p O H e AeJIa, CO-
UaMH C~ o J ~ o B ~ I @ C a rOp K ~ C~ k i e f i PyCCKkfe KHR3bR - CaMki H a n O n O B k i H y
B r p l I I e H H O H ~ O ~ ~ R C HH~e BMH M OM~a H U e K B O n p O C a M n 0 3 ~ n Y e c K o TeXk
n O n O B U b 1 , Y T O BOBCC H e H a t I p a C H O a B T 0 p ( ( C J I o B a > > H a 3 b I B a t T n 0 J I O B -
~ m c nc t C n o s a ) ) , 6e3 sea-msa K O T O P O ~~ o 0 6 ~ Hq ~eB O ~ M O X H rOo B o pki~bo ero xynowecmemofi n p k b r p o n e #I ~ I P H ~ J I M ~ M T K~ C60nee R IL~I M e H e e H a n e x H o M y p a s p e m e H m cnopa o ero nop,mrrrrocrn.
W H O K K P a C a B H U a M k i - ( N P a C H b l M k i ,&eBWaM#l)), S T 0 B 3 a U M O O T H O -
~ e ~ k l q l y ~n0?3kIkI)) ~ ~ o f iK a K p a 3
n o ~ a n o 6 k ~ m oB c pb e M R , 9 ~ 0 6 b IIOHRTb, 1 ST0 3 T 0 H e O p r a H H q e C ~ i x 4i e ~i qr x a , H e H e s o c r a , r o K ~ P Y ~ I I y~ CI ONB ~ C K H YC n e W a n I C r O B no c t C n o ~ y ) ) ,a ~ J I c ~ ~ c H T ~~ ~~ ( H P J~ I M ~CKT cp a X a O K a 3 a T b C X n p H -
~
Y a C T H b M K ~ G M Y - . ~ IB~pOo A e c r p m H 0 f i . ~ ~ O n O 3 T P E KmI k I CpaB-
HuTeJlbHO-HCTOpkIqeCKOMY M G T O W , YTO, B CBOfO O Y e p e A b , M o r n 0
onacmle a c c o ~ l ~ l c km 1e m f r r OnOR3a, npamc ~ o iLiI I K O . ~ Ia,y n a c t I Gome, H a cosqrnesao a e n p w e m e ~ I b l ((ae ~ ~ 0 6 b r r ~ o C n . IC X ~ B R H C K OK ~Y~J L b W b I ) ) 0 6 ~ e m 1 ~ ~ C ib O n1OeC T a B n e H H R COBeplUGHCTB ( t C J I 0 B a 0 no-my Mropeae)) C XyAOXeCTBCHHbIMkI AOCT O k M C T B a M A IT03TkI9eCKklX nI&MRTHkIKOB, I l p p l X H a p O A O B . B oco6e1iHOCTlI O C K O P ~ H T C ~ ~ ~ &Dl H ~ ~<M < C~. X I O B ~0 n0.m)' Mropese)) k1 O n a C H b I H a s e m u H a BecbMa
I
j
1
I
MW AJXX k I C C r I e a O B i l T a B C e r t l CYWTl3JMCb I I O n b l T K I i yCMOTpCI% B 3 T O M IlaMRTHEMG X O T I l 6 b I TO-TbKO GTeJJbI EiHO3ChIkWIX ( ~ B . ~ B H I I ~ki~((3aWM))
c r ~ o ~ a m i iH ) ) .a w ~ a ~nI c c n e n o s a m npemma e H
ruemx P y o co ~ Cwmm ~e 3 a ~ . r m r m 1 c bTOJILKO B C M ~ ~ ~ HnpoO M Cyneiiue~o~a COCTO~ B TOM, T r O B M H O r O C h f b l C ~ e H H O C T N , CBWWeJIbCTByeT
@KT
ny6.XH'lHo$i
m 3 a n a ~ a B o c r o ~ ym , m i a -sapsapy, xpucinasma - ((no-
r a H c m y v , ~ B U J I U ~ O B ~ H H O eeponeiiua ~O --
((Cno~e o nomy Mropeae)) BOB-
CG H e I I s M r n R B C e r O JlHUlb CHHOHHMOM n O H R T H R ((HeXpIICTkiaHZM,
C y J I e h f e ~ ~ B y
((A3I.1 W )(A~hta- AT^, 1975). Tantaene animis scholasticis irae!' fiefimsmem~o,3 a YTO y s e H b I e n O U I e B b l X O A a e r O T ~ J I ~ H T J M B KoH~k i r H
H a u r n x ~ T K M O ~ O ~nOkBi c r o p m o ~ B,
6 n a r o c n o e e ~ nkI~n O H b I H e
3 A p a B C T B ) W l r I M X C T O J I n O B ((CJIOBOBGAGtlZiXH Kt33aX)'
H B ( ~ C J I O B ~ ) )3rIki.
TeT ( ( I I O r a ~ b l f i k ,B O n p e K H j T B q l r m [ e H U R M H e B M e p y CTbZllTIEiBbIX
n 0 p K H H aJI.MkIHkILXpaTIIBHOr0
O C T p a K W I M a , Y C T P O e H H b l X C n O E a W 1.1
m o ~ ~yo ~ ~ e ~ m y - a
311aTy, KCTBTH, B e C b M a O T ' I e T J E B O pa3.QWWh4O~O
OH, ki 3 T 0 M O X H O n P O A G M O H C ' T p H P O B a T b , yrro~pe6ne~ ((CJIOB~)> B CaMOM 9 T O H M H a e C T b C O B P e M e H H O M k i , OAHOBpeMGHHO,
R3bPXHUK)).
/
B
6n6neEicxo~CMbICne: r p I 3 ~ b L i i H, ~ ~ I I L T ~ nI 0~ ~~ a, H b f i ~.
O , E @ m0O ~
I'M ?TOMY TlOK83aTt?JlbHOMY 3 l l F 1 3 0 q Y , JIYYUle C K a 3 a T b - I I p O U e C C y
syxoro T e K c r a , n aame H e omroro.
B ncropnn C o B a m o r o < < C n o B o B e n e m ) ) ,q
(> k i ( ( ~ ~ c T o H H ~ B ~((@H~HoJIoTw>> I>), N ((6ecTkiapkfki>> C @ o P M ~ J I ~ H oT~O~W W 3peHZIR n p e A C T a B S L I w T no CBOe-
H O B a H H b I e ( ( ~ . T ~ T O ~ C T ~kiI >((nre.TbI)>, > ( t n y r a AJ'XOBHbIe>> ParWI)),
MY COCTaBy ki K O M l l 0 3 k i ~ k HeCOMHeHHO i UeHTOHHbIe K O M l l E i J M ~ I H , K O T O P b I e C03AaBaJIEICb TO~HIIKOM:
no
M e T O A y , O q e A e J I e H H O M y A ~ H H ~ ~ J I3aoM
((Ho 661x5 a K n nrena, nanaa no P O ~ H ~ I M W~TOMT., S COC o n ; T a K O k i a3'b, no MHOTHhX'b KHkWaM'b ~ ~ b 6 k 1 -
BOKJTIJIIIR ~eJIJleHb1fi
p a H CJIanOCTb CJIOBeCHyIo k i pa3YM'b, ki CbBOKYIIHX'b BKM B'b MeX'b B O B 1
6 b m TOTO k m i m o r o 06~,em~moweB 3TWX YCJIOBIIRX I I P a B O M e p H O m I ~ 0 0 6 -
M o p c m a ) ) , XOTH k i H e . m r U e H b I
r0 T e M a T H S e C K O T O 3aMbICJIa.
we B 0 3 B O m T b
O ~ B I I H ~ H HHXa
H I O W H e ILBJIIleTCR a B T O P O M
A. H m ~ m aT e, M 6onee, W
O O H OT-
T a ~ 0 fIiC P ~ M O J I ~ HO ~B ~r J I a 3 a X er0 O n -
Ewe B ITPOlllnOM B e K e E. B. 6 a p c o ~TMCan:,((. .. a B (((Cnosa o nomcy kiropese)).- A. T.)OT H a s a n a no K o m a
n O H e H T O B -men.
TOP ero
.
H a X O m Z n C R n O A ~ 0 3 ~ e f i ~ T B 6k i0 e %~ ~ .>), ~ .( q k i 3 T O M CaMbIII X a p a K -
no I I P e k I M m e C T B y OT3bIBaH)TCR s n m e c m k iosep-raramki nB ~ oTpaxaloT O H a ce6e ~ 0 3 n e f i m n e ~ O H H O B ~ In X e C e W ) . Bc. Mnmep, BClleA 3 a m.M. B e ~ e m m mB,t X b M a p e x l n I T e n a H o n p k i c s a E m a n 60myn saowo - Tpornty - 60mapc~oe npokicxome~kieB ~ ~r e, M n c n o m z e H H b I e n a ~ p k i o m 3 ~~ pak 1 m 1 . 1HaKkiTEIHa B W T @yr0fi er0 TXrnKkIlti HpOCTYllOK. n 0 r e ~ 6b1 y ~ O ~ O P H ~ ~~~K' ~~ ~MK T ~ ~ B kiHBOHCI ITM~a IW K pa6oTepkiCTkiKki ~ ~ ~ 3cTap0fi e f i 3nOm
T a M rIpe.DJIIeCTBeHHKKOB
H e llpO5IBkiTb ki B 3 T O M cJIyWle CBOH) 0 6 ' b e ~ -
TIlBHOCTb N ~ ~ ~ H Q H I I M ~ J I ~ H o c T ~ ?
%a
MHIiMaR ~ ~ ' ~ ~ K T I ~ B H H OQ C~T r~ n W a J I b H E OI C ~re3m
Lapcoaa, Bc. M m JIepa ki ((Toma 3PeHkiR)) H m m k i ~ a "MOrJiM pa3PYIlIki'rb ~ 0 3 ~ a ~ ~ b B p e 3 y m ~ a (arepac~opxmoii ~ e C B R ~ HH a p t i ki weonorasw ( a ~ ~ o p woe ~ a H a ~TOT oc m . r M c m ~ e c & nepn n p E 1 H a m e x k i - r n o ~ ~ o p y ~ ~ I J I O J I O ~ W ~ ~H C aKy PK ~ 0. X B. T B O ~ O ~ oO6 pBa ~ 3 H ) ~~HOH~.WHO~ Heki3BeCTHO K y A a TOJIbKO n O T O M y , W O B3TJZR-I
HenOpOYHOCTki, T a K C K a 3 a T b , O P H r E l t I a J I b H O C T H H BkIPrkiHaJIbHOCTN
((Cno~a o nomcy Mropese)). 0. B. T B O ~ O n~p O E mBa m ~ e x E r r n TporaTe.XbH0-HpaBOy¶kiTe.TIbHaR QkiT¶a,
K O T O P y I o OH, n O p m a X 3 I O H a -
o6oxa~enefi n0JlKy Mropese))3 a OTCyTCTBkie CCbIJIOK H a p a 6 0 ~ b 1n p e A UecTseHHkiKoB ( ( ( ~ a mm ~I aT a~T a IZTM y n o m H a H k i e ryxoro m e M ~I I IB K DJO A-m C B OT ~ O Y I I amec~), ~ I ~ ~ noaenan m a T w ((JIM~ e p a ~ y p ~rasmr)>: ofi c t K a - ~ osbmamx&ica c o s e ~ c ~ k i@ i ik i n o n o r a K a n e M m M. n. A n e ~ c e ex ~ y p k i n c B o e r o C o T p y A H m a (nonopa ~ a y K ! )3 a TO, wo OH H e 3 ~ a nn H e y n o M m a n p a 6 o ~ y H a aaanomrM e p e H H b I X W r I e T a H T O B ki ~ ~ c K o ~ ~ I C T H HO ~IX T e, M H b I X (tC.rI0Ba 0
H y I o T e M y , H a M C a H H y I o HeCKOJIbKO ~ e c X T k i J I d H a 3 a A CTyneHTOM
(!) ki o n y 6 m m o s a ~ ~B pP e W O M
Q O B k i H I p i a J I b H O M ki3naHkiki.
KO-
He¶HO, 2lKaAeMkm ~ M JqI e 3 M e p H O T ~ ~ ~ O B ~ T H~ OJ CKOJraKO I ~ H , B 3TOM yKopeysaxem K
co6pa~yno H a y K e ( s a ~ e n ~a eK a, n e M m a -- K cry9~06b1,K a K TOBOPIITCR, ~e nso6per a n ~ ~ o p o f i psenocnnen, as ~ a ~ u ~ e f i rsanoseu a a H a y m i . AnneT a H T ee H e ~ k i 3 ~ a e T ~ ' ~ . K ~ pKa 3 B CBR3ki C n p o 6 n e ~ a ~Hw~ J T H K Oop p~e K~T H O C T R ki JM-
. ~ ~ H T Y )3. ~ a T kiCT0pKIO b BOrIpOCa,
T e p a T o H O r O 3TkiKeTa BepHeMCR HeHaAOJKO K ~ ~ H T O H H KOMnO3kiO ~ ~
qnn M e @ o mn a ~ a p c ~ omn r o O m n c ~ o r o~.~ B I I C I I M O C Tero ~ CO-
mHema
OT nnaToHoBcKoro
opurnHana
3 a ~ m s a e ~ He c xT O ~ K O B
lTpXMOM 3aWMCTBOBaHAA Y BeJIkMOrO lTpe,DJIIeCTBeHHUKaTeKCTOBOrO
w c a ~ o fmanomrec~oii i ~ O P M w~ y nppbo ~ w 3 ~ e ~ e ~3ac~ryra ua. pacKpbrraa marema s ~ o fMOi
ctcrponTemHoro MaTepnana)),HO c q y ~ ~
1
I
I
AeJM lTpElMeHeHWa UeHTOHHOrO l T p 2 1 H m a yXe H a CTyKTypHO-KOMn03~OHHOMP O B H e , K a K OTMetIaa C.
I
BO BHIIMaHWe, YTO 3Ta rImOTe3a AaBHO ki OnpeAeJIeHHO 0 6 0 3 ~ a ' X e ~ a
KaK
npwHamemamaa aKaneMmy A. M. Eenewo~y:',rrpsreM He
B
T. A. MWJIJIep: ((I*IM~HHo3Ta K I O T ~ ~ ~ H O PaCKpblTb CT~ TeMy O n -
K ~ K O M - m3aKpbITOM 60 kiJDi MaXOW3BeCTHOM ~ O B W ~ a J I b H OW M3-
HOBPeMeHHO B HeCKOJIbKkIXaCneKTaX k 1 OllpeAe.XHna, n o - B W M O M y ,
AaHmi, a B c 6 0 p m e , merorueMcx B 6 1 1 6 m o ~ e Kamoro, ~e n o Mano-
TRrOTeHWe M
MaJIbCKH Cepbe3HO 3aHkiMaeTCX 213J'¶eHHeM((CJIOB~)).
XWT F
C. A e e p m u e ~npWHaEW,
erne 6onee onpenenemo - (woe notinMamie crpoeHm "Cnosa"v, SI. A. A M I I T ~ I IH~0. B B. TBOPO~OB npmo ~ O B O P O To caorame JInxasesa)) B nepegEIcneHmi ero ~ ~ C J BI WJpeHnM Y~ TO TO nammmalO. K a ~ 661 p np&i~.ryp a c c ~ a 3 m0. B. T ~ o p o r o JIM ~ , 6b1n p m n
paTypm~ii 3
e a o m K TeKCTY ~ J I ~ T o.7I).H ~C. ~ H T ~ T~ OC.lITeX, m a e ~ p o n e i i c ~ oCpemeBeKoBba ro no oqeneneHHoro,
CpaBHHTe.mH0 n03meTO BpeMeHEi He 3Han nOHHT215l nsIaIMaTa, K a K
H e 3Han N aBTOPCKOr0 n p a ~ a " Ero . O~aHkI9kITeJIbHbIe~ Y W Z I
Ue-
rmKOM nepeKpbIBa-WCb Qy~lcuwefiaBTOPWTmOCTW UIlTkipYeMOrO kICTOYHklXa.
Hepemo naXe OpkIrMHWHbIe,CaMOCTOIITeJKbHbIe MbIC-
.Wi W BbICKa3bIBaWiA lIpkIlT&ICbIB&rMCb K ~ K O M Y - H IB IB ~TY OP,W ~T & tXHO-
MY HCTO¶HkMY, nOBblllIaIOUeMY 06KOM c.vrae, WrraTbr n napa4pax.1 ns
A M W COSWHeHWX. BO BCX6n6neiic~wxaaTopoB, anocTo-
BOT~ e 6Me ((YBaXeHMeK c o 6 p a ~ yno ~ ~ ~ o @ ~ c c(Ja~eTbTe MH)) -aKaneMmy, He K C ~ A ~ H T Y ! BOT ), ~ e 6n e c > R3bIKa, OHa r0BOpMT 0 ((CJJOBeHbCKOM R3bI-
Kt?>> ki ( ( C ~ O B ~ H ~ C vaMOTe>>, KO~~ Fl HeEBYCMbICJIeHHaR, COBePIIIeHHO geTKaR m @ @ e p e ~ 4 P iCa Xa ~BRH, PYCH &i BaPRTOB-CKaHmHaBOB
no Kpaaefi Mepe, A0 BpeMeHIl KHRXeHHH Apocnasa: 2fpoc~as.ame, coso~ynns.apycs, n sapmru n c~oe.btrk, lTpOCJIeXEiBaeTCR B H&,
n o n ~ enpornsy E o ~ e c ~ a snyCsmrono~ ~y...
He HMeR B03MOXHOCTH C K O J I ~ K O - H H ~ Y C J ~HJCITeMHO 0 6 c y x ~ a m yKa3aHHyIo p a 6 o ~ yyKaXy , TOJIbKO Ha 9aCTHbIe KOHUenTYaJIbHbIe ki MeToAonornrecKne
ee, 6pocamuluec~B
peKTHOCTkI : nOCTORHHO
r.Jasa,
cna6ocrn n HeKop-
apryMeHTHpYR pa3BllTkie BO BCeX aCneKTaX
IUHX 113K H ~ X ~ C K S XAOMOB OTneBanocb N norpe6anocb CKOMY 06b1yam. OTKyAa
~ K o i XH3HN, i KaXAb& pa3, KOrAa
06pawamcb K ~ O ~ O C J I ~ X ~ ~ H O M
K~HOHII~~CKOM)' KJEi C ~ ~ ~ @ H Y ~ C ¶eTbeMY K I I TeKlXy, ~ e p K O B H O C n a -
B ~ H c K 5I3b ~M HenpepbIBHO @ Y H K I J H o H ~ ~k ~ lo OKa3bIBan B~JI MOI4tOe
KOM)), CTIIJMCTkIYeCKOM, X ~ H P O B O - T ~ M ~ T H ~ G C K OIIHCbMeHHbIX M)
Bosnefimne Ha YCTH~KI pegeBym c r n m 11npoAomaeT @ ~ H K W O rolposam ceiirac, BbIcrynaaB Karecme m e B o r o ~ p m e p He n ~TO&-
@OPM peqn B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B(CKEiBofi H ~ M yCIR0fi ~ Y C C K p Oa~3~r 0 ~ 0 p ~ o i i
K O B n033IiIi II C J I O B O O ~ P ~ ~ O B ~ T ~MaTepHki J I ~ H O ~ I4 ~ MOnt3lM B COBpG-
p e w >n ( ( n 0 3 m @ O J J ~ I C J I O P ~Koneco~ , AJIS AoKasaTemcrBa cBonx
M ~ H H o MJMTepaTypHOM II COBCeM yX He JlHTepaTypHOM R3bIKe.
( o ~ @ o ~ ~ ~ @ H ¶P~ McTM KH oKM O-H , HTOHamOHHOM
-
((PIITOPWZeC-
Ha-
H a KoTopbre, B C O O T B ~ T C T B A ~ c
n y m ~ y a w e i ni a ~ u e ~ ~ y a mmeefi, XIV B. M e m y T e M
npmep, B o r r p e m K a T e r o p w s e c K o M y y 6 e n u t e m p a x a e M o r o wccne-
HIlTCR P J X O I M C HT~ eK IC ~T~ IIpIlTqIl B T e K C T e
AOBaTWUI, ¶TO ( a a K O e O ~ O ~ I I ~ ~ H H O ~ C J I OKBa O K , n ~ n B % w yW, H 3 H a -
n p k i B e n e H H b I M AM I I p I i M e p a M P a C U I H p e H H R r p a H I l u n y H K T a w O H H 0
eTCR H e l l p I l e M n e M b I M CbIHe.
- A.
CepeIWHbI
CJIaBRHCKOrO T e K C T a ( n p E i T 9 E i 0 6 . n y m o h f
r.),I4 K HeMY YXe H I i K O r A a H e B O ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ TI l CO cRr I e) ) "
XIV B.,
B. MHOTBX T e K C T a X K O H U a
XIV II XV BB.
nOnaAa-
IoTCR o p $ o r p a $ w q e ~ ~ k I eB a p I l a H T b I HXhXlllUA H HXXH8WH1K O T O p b I e XOTR W ( ( ~ ~ c w $ w ~ o B ~ no H ~HIa n) H) C a H k n o , A a B C e p a B H 0 COXpaHR-
caoefi $ o p ~ eH e H s r n a m i M y I o neraTb u e p a o B H o c n a s x H c K o r o 6naropomoro npowcxoxnem. npa m m e H H o M B c m o r o o n e m a
IOT B
paCILIkIPWTeJIbH0-BHOCKa3aTmHOrO 3 H a 9 e H H I I tlCTpOCHBWW X EMy BCR B ~ Y A O B C K O M3 a ~ e ~ e ,B
r e m a m i e ~ c ~ oHf O i C T ~ O X C6K~O6~ ~ -
JMRX, B TeKCTe ~ I ~ ~ B ~ T I I H ~CH K~ JOI ~ M C~H HO B a
(a-
- HX&XHBWOy
xn~ury)x e e ~ Bee. y C ppyrofi C T O P O H ~ I ,B C 6 0 p ~ m cen o B n noyre-
XIII B. (rsn,Tp.-Cepr. co6p., Ne 12) ~ n p u n n o - ~ e $ o m ~ 06061ua1ou1er0, c c n ~ ~ o m r r e c nmo m i ~e K c T o M , 3 ~ a q e my~x ,e y n o ~ p e 6 m e r c c~ m H& H a q a n a
eBCKaR C ~ O B O $ O ~ MCOXpaHXH ~, H e K O T O p p CTeneHb
HbIM T e p M I I H O n O r H s e C K H M , YTWJ5ITaPHbIh.I ( ( ~ K ~ o H o M ~ RBCTBeHHO ), cneppwnM
as n a p a . r ~ r l e . m ~ o iCi
A ~ ~ K C H ~ ~KOHCTpYKUkiH: C K O ~ ~ 60-
rAThCTB0 MH T80H HXe AACTh. pACTOYH)(a3xll.b. C'hKpO8Hlqe TBOM 3'hll.b H q H c . WpKBh T B O W ... OCKBhpnH)(a.
0603~a.le~m1x e m H n U T e K c T a no n p w o 6 p e ~ e ~ nHMH R C B O ~ ~ C TweB W ~ T I I B H O ~ CHHTaTMbI ~ M O W 0 n p O T H B O ~ O C T t 3 B H T bH RBneHHR Ae-
e m n u B T e K c T e Y ~ A O B C K OH~O O B O 3~ aO~ e ~ nepa . xe rrpennoxeme B O C T ~ O M ~ P OEBB O a ~M r e J I n n- Y A O B . ~ K ~ ti.b~unH M . ~~ x s cuna. a - p a 3 6 ~ ~ a BeT e~Kcc T~e q y n o ~ c ~ osasero T a H a 6onee ppo6~bre coc-raanrwmne: Y;CF.K H+KHH. HM+. 6. ciia. Ho neno naxe H e B TOM K O ~ ~ T H OC oMn o c T a B n e H w M orpamYeHHbIX no 0 6 5 e ~ y $ ~ ~ ~ M ~ H TA.m o B AOCTOBepHOrO . BbIBOAa 0 pass n ~ a I o I u e f i c RC T e r e H H e M B p e M e H H T e H A e H m I E I K 6ommefi B b V a X e H HOCTH B crpymype K a H o m m o r o mm c ~ o j i m a npe,wcanmHm COCTaBJunolQHX ero ejlJiHHU H Y X H O 6b~n0 6b1W O B e C T H CTaTMCTkIYeCK ~ I Oouemy O T H O C ~ T ~ Hq O a c ~T o~T b 1 nmi ~ ~ C O - ~ T H~ O o .~mOr e c r ~ a n p e m m a m m I x c m T a r M , no K p a f i ~ e f M i epe, B o 6 5 e ~ e Esa~renna OT nym, a ewe .nyYme -B o 6 5 e ~ Bec e r o n a M m m a . M R H e y s e p e H , 9 T O P e 3 Y J I b T a T b I T a K H X IlOAC'IeTOB O m 0 3 H a Y H O IIOATBepLl$lJlM 661 B~IBOSI Konecosa: B T e x c T e O c q o ~ n p o s aE s a ~ r e m~, o o 6 w e O r e H b HeOAHOPOAHOM no COCTaBy 3 H a K O B ~ T Y a ~ E I I.1I ee I XaCTpyKmInTaKnx Boe
paKTepy,
YXe M O X H O
~ a 6 r n O n a T bK p Y n H b I e YYaCIXM T e K C T a , B KO-
B M o n n T B e m o M c 6 0 p ~ n BTOP. ~ e non. XI11 B. (Apocn. K p a e s e a . ~ y s e i iNG , 15481) c T a p o c n a B m c K o e c n o B o n x q n p , no CYTM, mwe-
T O P ~ I X nymcryawomoe w r e H e m e B b I n e m e T H a c T o m e
HO BCXKOrO CaMOCTOIITerIbHOrO n e p e H O C H O r 0 I.WM p a ~ E K f ? J l b H O r O
B e A J M B a CCblKKa
3 ~ a w m x ne : wsnn~n Mene npQ% n .-
TO.mKO B
anr(n)u, x n r n H so ceoH 8 ~ p a q . 6
X y n o x m e ~ m mo 6 p a 3 ~ o m ~, e - r a a o p n w o mB o s m a 065e~eUCrIbHOTO B b I C K a 3 b I B W : XHlWH 60 CBOH 8 WQ
'WWP.
a
nonoxeanH
xe.en B O ~ H U K ~ M~T~
K O H H ~ I ~
C O M H e H M B AOKa3aTeJIhHOCTn, H a I I e p B b I j i B 3 r . m , BeCbMa c T p 0 h 0 -
r0 T e 3 H C a Koneco~a0 nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOM ~ e i h - p a r n s n p p r u eB~. ~
cTnnncmsecKw
P a 3 T O B O P H O T O R 3 b I K a H , BO BCXKOM
A
H e rOBOpIo
Konecosa H a 6. M.OCEillo~a,K O T O P ~ IYCTaHOBKTT, ~~ OCT~OMQO E B Ba~~ r e m R((TO'IKB BHYT-
q T 0 B CHCTeMe I l Y H K T Y a w k i p H CNHTarMbI
- I l C K m O W i T e J I b H O e I I B n e H e H , H O nOJJHOCTbIo H e CO-
OTBeTCTByeT A ~ ~ ~ C T B N T ~ J I ~ H O C y TT B E~ epWeHNe ( ( X a p a K T e p 3 H a K O B ~(IHKTYBL.P E I.
npn T a K o M p e a . m H o M
yxe, H a n p E M e p ,
CJIYqae, H
KOHKpm3klpyIolqeM M
I ~ ~c c Im H Boro pyccKoro aK~HOH~IY~C TeKCT. IU~~~
0 C O B p e M e H H O M ((HXAHBeHeU)), ((EIX-
-
A.
r.)~
Konecosa O TOM, 'iTO 0
3
no a c c o w a m rpa$mecmx
H O X P H C T I I ~ H C K OC ~H~M B O ~ & I K O II~n~0 3 T O M Y 3 a H k i M a n
OH,
m06b1,( q ~ a 3 p y mc~a nM ce6~)).
C O ~ T O C T ~ B0 p~ (Rp o r p a $ k w 0
B
ki IIJWKTYarUlIo TeKCTOB ~ P N T ~ M
6 q m 0 C~b I H e B O C T ~ O M H ~ OEBB O a ~Mr e l m n(1056-1057 IT.) H ~ Y A O B C K O MHOBOM 3 a B m (1355 r.), Koneco~, KaK 06 O ' I e B W O M
@ a ~ ~ r eO B , OpIlT
06
YCElJIeHNIl I I p e A F i K a T R B H b I X C B O ~ ~ C TCB HHTaM,
O
J
L
X
e
T
9 e T b I p e X ~ p e c ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 P~a C 0 I I O n O X e H H b I X TO%K - n o - B M m M O M y ,
neHIIEi UepKOBHOCTIaBRHCKOrO K BbICIIIeMJ',
~ o fXW~HU)), i B KOTOPOM
B
emO -(M HnkI npo6en o M o T M e q a e T c s r p a H n u a n p e m o m e ~ nOT ~ )CHHTarMbI ( 0 6 0 3 ~ a q a ercx ~ o l n c o i i ) ) ) . B n o A a s n r w w e M qncne c n y r a e B B T e K c T e O c r p o q o B a Esamerwr H rpt3HkiI&I n p e A n o m e H k u r , H r p a H M 4 b I ((CHHTaTMbI)) o 6 0 3 ~ a s a 1 o ~~ co~w o j i(acpecm) , x e - n y ~ ~ ~ y a I @ f o H H b d i 3 H a K B Bl4JI.e
B W e B H e M T e K C T e IJJleLWlCaTIIBHyIo
W B e H H e ) ) , OTHH).@ H e CB WAeTeJIbCTBYIOWeM 0 c(n0CTORHHOM YCTpeMOTCTPaHeHHOMY O T p e a J I b -
nonao-
rneHHaIe r r p e m o x e H m , 6e3 B C ~ N X 1 1 3 5 ~ n ~ 0~apyrumdi. ~ Cnpa-
0 6 p a 3 0 ~-H a r p y x a n c R A o n o m I E i T m -
0c06oe MeCTO B PHJJJ Cpe,&HeBeKOBOrO T e K C T a H B CkiCTeMe IIyHlCTyaUAH X o r O TeKCTa. Ero pa3HOBH,QHOCTb -c I L ~ o I I I H o K ~ p e c T -HeCOMHeHr p e q ' C C K O r 0 I I p O k I C X O ~ e H MPi B B I I ~ ~ H T H ~ ~ C KPYKOIIHCRX ~IX XIXI1 BB. o 6 p a ~ m eK~a K, npasnno, H a s s a m e E s a ~ r e m f(i ~ a n p n ~ e p , 3PHTeJ16HOM
~
I' TMM. CMH. ?
~mepoe~a~rem n au~ 3p b ~ cAe a. a ~ a c m H a A@oHe, rpeq. 5 18113). He u y a a i h o ero yno~pe6nemeB ~ ~ H K L U I M c o ~ p a Horo A B o e T o w i x npu nepenare nprr~ofi p e r s llncyca B
B OnMCaHHEl B C r p e Y H X
~ H CCOT CBOHhtH ~ nepBbIMFi YreHKKaMFi, B He-
er0 H M e H I I ZI H M e H a n 0 C T O ~ O B( O C T P O Me ~ B a. H r e m I e , .m. 6-6 06.; M o ~ H .1: 35-42). no MOHM nOCpeACTBeHHOM COCeACTBe C H a W C a H N X M M
H ~ ~ . ~ A ~ H K(WpeCIN % M npMMeHR-mCX, r J I a B H b I M 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ ,&%3
BbI-
I
kB
C ~ O f~l ~O M M a H k 1 RK WIGHeHMIO H a ((CMHTaTMbI)), ZIX Telp.nca-
m R o C m a, B o o 6 ~ eK,C M H T ~ K C W X ~ CCTpyKTJ'pG KO~
1
a o H ~ ~ p x , q e r I a re T, o 3 T O T 3 CR B K O N u e n p e m m a T s B H o r o
u 3 n o x e m ~ T. a K
~ n yaH I ~c r y a ~ y
c ~ o f i s CTaBkIx~~o npemoxema, npw 6mxaiirue~pac-
CMoTpeH~lfM , X m O B b l p a X a R C b , CTaTZICTHYeCKI1 H e A O C T O B q H O HZ1 B omOIlIeHHk1 ~ C ~ M ~ H H O C T p aZHIH c r O n q H O A a , H H B n p m e H e H H H K
snoxe M o c ~ o ~ c ~Pyca. oii K TOMY Ee H a A O C 6ommofi
pasnenoa, py6p~maru.1~ T e K c T a , (CM. T e K c T Pycc~ojin p a ~ B q O R T H O C T b I O n O J I a T a T b , YTO 132, rne cacpecr))CTOHT B Kame r p e Y e C I i R e 44OpMrZlHaJIhI>) I t p e B H e U I a B X H C K O r O ZI A p e B H e p y C C K O r O ~ a s s c ar a ~~e f~1.1 i B K o H U e c a ~ t r xc ~ a ~ e icp. i ; T a K x e aeanorarn e p e B O A O B ccnpu~qw 0 ~.!I~J@ZOMCbTHe)) M O r J n l 6 b 1 ~ bH e TOmL[eCTBeEJH o e n p a ~ e ~ e l r at aec p e c r a ) ) B T e K m e ~ C K O B C K O ~nOp o - r l o r a 1383 r., H b I XOTR 661B qaCTI.1 n Y H K T Y a m R M, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, q-TeHeHNR T e K I_ITA,D,A, 38 1, & l72), B 3 a r o n o B K a x (CM. M H O r O q M C J I e H H b I e ma, n o c K o m K y OTCTORT no B p e M e H H npyr OT Apyra O T H H ) ~ t i e n p H M e p b I T a K O r O y n o ~ p e 6 n e mB T m C T a X M 3 6 0 p m a CBXTOUI~B~ H a TPZI B e K a , K a K TeKCTbI O ~ O M E T P O EB B~~H ~ ~ . T El H H~ ~ A O B C K O ~ O 1073 r.), 3 a q a n a X H A O K O H r a H M R X , B qaCTHOCTI3 AJI5I BbIAeJIeHUR H o ~ o r o3 a B e T a , a H a BCe n R T b BeKOB. TO O ~ C T O ~ T ~ . X ~ C T1IZIKaK BO s a K m o r m T e m H o r o ccaMcrHa)) (CM. n p m n i c K y m I a K o H a rpmopua B H e yYlrTbIBaeTCR K o J I e c o ~ b r ~ XOTX , O H n p M 3 H a e T , TITO YJIeHeHkie KOHue O C T ~ O M I ~ E~ ~ aO~ B r e~n s R a ) , T a K X e WrR O T r p a H H r e H H R T e K C T a CJlaBHHCKOrO n e p e B 0 A a (B er0 TepMI.IHOJIOrFIH - ((TpaHZIUbI AeneHm
m.1 no cnuc~y1 280 r., TM M, CHH.N9
a.
B H Y T ' U T e K C T a C J I O X H O C O W i H e H H O ~ OIIPe.l&rIOXeHMR, BIIO-IJHe COnOC-
M H H U M a J B H b I X ~ b l ~ ~ a 7 b L B a E ~CUHTBTM))) fi ~ p a ~ t l r e C K COOTBeTEI
T a B I l M O r O C PNTOPkNeCKtIM lIepkIOAOM B T a K l I a 3 b I B a e M O M ((HaHH3aH-
CTByCT AeJIeHMzo K p e q w K o r o T e K c T a ( ~ I T O ,C T p O r O r O B O p R , H e B e p H O ,
HOM))
@erpd~a), t13 p w
H~OMOP@H~IX KOnOHOB,
OP~TOPCKO~~
ecnu c p a B H m a m n y H l c T y a u k r m l l p n B o a I M o r o fiu H a r p e r e c K o M n o 3 ~ l l r e c ~ opieir k I . O c o 6 e ~ H oX a p a K T e p H o B 3 T o M cMbIC.me T e K C T a lTpPITrZ1 CO CTapOWaBRHCK11M nepeB0AOh.r &I n Q e B 0 A O M H m I yno~pe6nemecacpecra)) B T e K c r e ~ o m a ~ a p ~racrw o i i Tunorpa@pena~ru~efi 1355 r.). Ecmr xe ewe yremb, rTo T e K c T ~ Y A O B C K O ~ O c K o r o y c T a s a py6exa XI-XI1 BB. (Co6p. T ~ ~ T ~ I M O ranepea, B C K O ~ ~ H o ~ o r o3 a B e T a c o 3 A a ~ a n Bc ~KOHCT~HTZIHO~O.XG,T O ~ 0 0 6 4 eH e K-5349), r e OH CTOHT B KOHUe HKOCOB, B @ ~ ' I ~ x u M o H ~ & H o - ~ T ~ ~ K ~ a B O M q H P0a C C h I a T p P I B a T b er0 B K a r e C T B e ( @ ~ x H o % BeexFI B pasAm1
TJ'PHOM
OTHOIlIeHIItI3KBkIBaJIeHTHbIX c T p o @ a M B C B ~ T C K nW33HH. O~
C ~ p y r 0 f iCTOPOHLI,
B OANOM N3 HeMIIOTOYHCJIeHHblX B P Y C C K O ~ ~
IIZICbMeHHOCTII H a 9 a . m H O r O IIepZIOAa o 6 p a 3 u o ~TeKCTOB C W l K O BbI-
p a ~ e ~ ~e or ~f. 1i ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ o~ jZ i I T M ~ I Y ~ C K pK"JrOcY.I,piof~
BZITZIZl .TPITepaT4;pHOrO R 3 b m a B O C T O W b I X C-UaBRH J I l l T e p a T y p H O r O R?btKa. - A.
WIT^^, PyCCKOrO
r.)3nOXEI CTaHOBJIeHZIR M o c ~ o ~ c ~ o r o
r0CyAapCTBa)).
K O T O ~ ~ ~
Ha
3TOM n p H M q e MOXHO BOOWJIO
y 6 e m ~ b c s4,T O
BBOA%IMaR
MHOrMMH RCCJIenOBaTeJIXMZI K U ~ I I H ( ~ ~ I ~ ~ AOa B X e~ K~ a CK XWIG-
aBT0pOh.I CtICTeMa n0~5ITZlfi ZI TePMMHOB nOHeBO.Xe 3aCTaBJIIIeT n p t I
TO C T H X O T B O ~ H ~ IB~ ~ n ,o x ~ a n eK W ~ I O Csmocna~yR p o c n a ~ k r r y
aearmse ero pa60~brn p a 6 e r a l b K .3Toti x e cZIcTeMe Zr R e c m 7 T O T a H a .iII.I7 B K p y r y H a B R 3 a H H b I X PiM ~ e fI1iK o ~ I U e l T u k I f i .M e m y TeM, IIOCJIe-
CUM~OH (cKpeCThI)> ~) p a ? ~ e . r l r w T , UO MHOrMX C v a X X , CaMH pmopmecme (m1L T N M ~ O P H ~ KOIIOH~I, I~) o T p a xa R, ~a AO nona(uapIO
1
m I H e ZI C H c T e M a COOTBeTCTByiOKUHX IIM TGPMMHOB, K a K TBKOBBR, ~ ~ Z I ( ~ Z I ~ ~ Ch I K O T~ 6 b 1 ~ bAaJICKH OT a & e K B a T H O l O O T p a X G H F I R ~ ~ ' ~ ~ K T Z I B H ~ I OrY l l p l @ O ~ I M 0~060ti3HaSZIMOCTI.I 3 T 0 r 0 J'W3CTKa T e K C T a . HO noC B O ~ ~ C TIBI X a P a K T e P k I C T k M HCCJICA)'CMOrO XBJIeIIHR. ~ H C I @ I OCT~Or a T b , CMYTHOe IIOHUMaHZIe AbRKOM
CKO.KbKJ'
MO~HHOM c ~
((KpeCThI)) CTOXT & a x e B H W H U I O B --
G.a ELCAKOI-o
~B+I-A
h 6 a p n a . a aKu 6%
ncanioy .:. KAn -:-
':. g'b BEA.aMblCAhHOK Cph .:H'b C'b7rrb
T O npHXOLZUTCR
G h l C60K -:-, npEi&lll K B b I B O W , r T 0
o ~ o ~ H ~ Y ~yI M O To
B AaHHOM T Y a e KKpeCraI))
a ~ ~~ aJ I,a B H b M0 6 p a 3 0 ~ K, O H W I llHCaHHbIX C'WOK,
E s a ~ r e . mn,e p e B o p y m 1 4 ero n p e ~ ~ e 6 o m a p c ~o6pasua oro ~ o tcis m a r M e ZI a o p ~ y n a x3. a ~ o r e ~ yas e p e H H o MOXHO npepponaran, rTo cnasmCKHe IIpOCBeTMTGJIEI U n q e B O m XlV B. HeTIJlOXO 3HaKOMbI 6 b m 1 C T a K O f i H ~ Y K O K~a~K ,p H T O p Z I K a , K O T O p a R e W I H e CO BpeMGH r0prFfXirr, r0 u ~ e p 0 I.r~KaB Z I H T H . ~M~BllJIOTb H ~ A0 @ e o @ a ~~a~ o K o ~ o B H B x o m n a B wcno ( ( C I ~ ~ P ~ H H ~ I X H B Y UJM, K ) ) no ~ p a Z j D I e j M i e p e , cpemeMHpOBa
A ~ ~ ~ O B C K3 aOs e~r aO~ I X O M H e c.nbrxmarm HZIo m
Y ~
c e 6 cpem ~ nporkix pa7ne.moB a~ofi, K a K ygeHkie o n p o n 3 ~ e c e ~ TO# ~ ~p1e w (pronuntiatio), KoTopoe OTpaxanocb, emecTseHHo, PI B 3 a n k i c k i n o c ~ ~ o e ~no ~ o'IaKoHaM fi PHTOpmw pers. B namoM cnyrae He mom C Y L ~ ~ C T B ~ H HTO O , M. n. Tacnapoa OTBOAMT TO MY pasneny macckirec~ofi~ P M T O P Z I K A.WUI~BcnoBeKoaoro cqnBnyMa)) ZI BKmrana
B
Teopkm o p r a ~ a 3 a mn~p1o Q e c c n o ~ a ~ ~ bo~poaf~ i o p c ~ operki fi ~
MOraTeJIbHYIO POnb",
HeCMOTPR H a IIOnyJIRpHyH, CeHTeHqHIO
A e ~ o c ( b e~ accnepRoe no R ~ ~ O C T BI pI e w -npoImHeceHkie, H BTOpoe -npoki3~ecerirre,1.1T p a b e -npossHeceHae xe)). He noamexnT coMHeHmo TO, TO B npoqecce HanncaHnx - a . m 6 a ~perb npenBapkiTemHo T L ~ ~ T C ~ IoI~Op a 6 a ~ b m a n a 1.1 c brum4osanacb Ha m c b -
M e - B CO3HaHkiki C O ~ Z I C T ~ZI.rlI.1 PATOPa HelTPePbIBHO YAel)XZIBanaCb cBoero Tpyna -- npoki3~ece-
ycTaHoRKa H a KoHecIIlyIo p e a m i s a w
HIie HBnkiCaHHOTO. P ~ I T O I ) ~ I ~ Ha9a.rIO ~CKO CO ~BePLIIeHHO RBCTBeHHO IIPkiCYTCTBYeT yXe B npeBHefiIlIkix BeTXO7aBeTHbIX TeKCTaX,
a
B
Ho-
cyXAeHkiI.1BCe nocTaBneHo
c HOT Ha
TOnOBY. n1060fi IIkicb~eHHb~fi
c p e m e s e ~ o s b ~TeKcr fi a3nauanbno 6bm paccskiTaH H a HIIe)),H a
uremrescnyx, nocKomKy, K
ccnpoki7rroure-
~ K yxe omesamocb, v e t m e ccrrpo
ce6a))H e 6b~r10 NSBeCTHO B npkiHume. T ~ 6onee M s ~ cnpaBeaWB0 o B oTHOmeHkiZ1BC&
X P H C T H ~ H C K O.QlTepaTypbI. ~~ O C T ~ O M ~ I PE OB B~ OH -
re.mie-aIIpaKOC OTHOCHTCX K TaK Ha3bIRaeMOMy c ~ r y x e 6 ~ 0 h TZIW ly
CnewIamHo n p e m a . 1 1 3 a r e ~ ~ am o ~ y rTeHkIa B 6orocnyxe~k1~1. TaK rT0 HkiKaKoti ~ e o 6 x o ~ ~ o cB03rkl fi~iicmkifl H a ero TeKcT ZI nytIKTyaqmo M Denerne Ha KOnOHbI ki nepHoj@r co CTOPOH~Iy c r ~ o f pa3rosopiloii i pers He 6b1n0, noTohiy rT0 TeKCTbI c q x e 6 ~ b 1 EB~HT~.-, x ~ ~ P I . I M I . ~ ~ ~ &Anocrono~ TKOB, ZI ~ca-m~wpefi,reTbkiX TAnOB EBaHremIii ki A~OCTOXOB, Aa ki ~oo6rue60.mUIFIHCTBO 6~16nekc~k1x TeKcToB k i 3 ~ a r a m ~ np oe m a 3 ~ a q a m r c bm Ciki6.meiic~kixKHZIT,
~ e p K R npH n
(). Ao6as.m ewe P13BJIeYeHPIfi 513 TOG p a 6 0 T b 1 : ( ( n e p P I 0 ~C q O MOXkIO C K a ? a T b , YTO
IITCR H.1 KOJIOHOB (E.1 B L v Y a e H ~ ~ O ~ H O C THE3 .O~ ,~ ~ ~ K K OaB K El3 ) COc T a B H b 1 x Y a c ~ e f i (. .
..) Eonee n.TD1 M e H e e 0 6 ~ e n p ~ 7 l l a H H661.~0 b l ~ TO,
- YeTbIpe (KBPIHTE.I.~I~ " B O C ~ ~ I T ~ opa~opa", EIEI~ IX,1,125: B A m M O , 7T0 C O O T B e T C T B O B a n O , J a n a c y m r x a H a x , ~ y x ~ o haim y nepnona); YTO c p e m l m m &-ma ~ 0 x 0 H a p a m a m n r e ( r e ~ c a ~ e r p w r e c ~ ocmxa r o ) B ~ O ~ ~ IT.I e.H H, e 6onee 17 c n o r o B , 11 YTO n o c n e p p k ~ f Ki o n o t r B nepkpwone A o l I x e k I 6 1 1 ~ a~m. I H [ f e e OCTa.rIbHLI.Y, KBK 6 b 1 OTkleYaR KOHuOBKY)) (c. 53). n o nOBOLlJApCBrrermrefi B ~ E I T O P H K ~ + E . I nTa~p~a ~n rI 1 e m 1 3 ~ a r a c n a p o ~~ I I I I L T : ((BH~TH e e no KOJDIYeCTBY XrIeHOB (KO.UOHOB) Pa3.WIYaH)TCII D,EIKO.rIOHbl, ~ H K O Z O H b Il I T. A.; no paBHOBe.TDIKOCTE.1 YJIeHOB ~ 0 Y ~ b l"HCOKOf i OH" 1.1 I ~ ~ M ~ . w J E . I T c ~ I" ~~BHP~A~C ~O ~H " ; no C T p 0 e H E . m Y.rIe3lOB -I l p R ~ 0 f( i" ~ F ~ T ~ ~ O ~ O C Hki C0"6) p a l ~ e ~ ~ b(B1HtOi B O e B p e h f R I ~ o . ~ E . ~ B I I I 'IT0 C p e A H C e qE.IC+rIO KOJIOHOB B n e p E i O A e
",
Y n k w c H 0 p e Y b 1.iAeT 06 H ~ O K O J M Y ~ C K OC e~T~M e H T a W I H T e K C T a , o figura sententiae, ~ c n o m 3 y e ~ oBf iT e q e H t I P 1 BeKOB B p a 3 . r ~ q ~ b 1 . ~ T e K C T a X H a BC& T e p p H T O p H H BOCTOYHOrO CJIaBXHCTBa. I I o f i o 6 ~ 0 i a ~ K O Ao v m a c c n ~ e c ~ o~ f~ i. I T O ~ E . I K I3. TI ,O T 40p~1am~bGi npneM J ~ K rnoraeTcm B peTY.TLJIpHOM p a c n p e n e n e H n n BO Qpa3e c e r M e H T o B I L ~ I YJleHOB (no r p e Y e c K E I K i ) A a , n0 JIBTHHCKE.1membra) C O m I H a K O B ~ I M HC B O ~ ~ C T B ~ M((B A . cJryrae c r I a B m c I i k 1 x E.I~OKO.TDIY~CKNX c~pymyp
k l a 3 ~ a m "e x c I ~ ~ M " : " 3 ~ e 3 n~eaY a m H a x , BCY~PEIIIR3 ~ e . l ~ lal q u n u r k ~ ) ;
3 T H C B O ~ ~ C T B BO I B 3 a H M O C B I I 3 a H H b I X KOJIOHaX O n P e n ~ J l R l O T C I O I wHa-
\1)1YeeKMe (adiunctio), rAe C E I E I O ~ I M O BH ~ T , " T ~C I pemTBaMH H P I ~ , r ~ e f i P o c l . Goray, b~ p 8 3 Y M O M U a p b . .."))
KOBblM K O J M g e C T B O M y ~ a p e H H f He3aBMCHMO i O T KO.VHYeCTRa CJIOrOB
36
E.A.
no
3 B y Y a H m YJIeHOB
--
H e ~ ~ ~ E . I ~ M O B ~ HI1 HP ~~ I ~ ~E I ( ~ M O B ~ F I
( " ~ o M ~ o T ~ J I ~ B T o H ""C , ~ O A O ~ H ~ I OMK H O H Y ~ H E . I X ~ ~ MIIX " ; Y~CTHLG C.y'[at1
- - " T o M ~ O ~ I T O T O H " , "C
HaKOHeu,
no
~ O A O ~ H L I MnM t i & ~ X H b I M E IOKOHS~HIHMI.I");
3HaYeHI.110 Y n e H O B
-
CMHOHEiIvIkIYeCKEle
(disjunctio,
KBMHTEIJIII~H, lX, 3 , 4 5 ) " ~ H M C K EHPPOA ~~ Hy~awm JWHYTOXZIJI, K a p O a r e ~H H c n p o B e p r , K O P E I Hcrep ~ c .mua s e M m r . . ." -a a m o m -
0 6 e c n e s 1 . 1 ~a K T y a . m I 3 o ~ e 0 6 ~ 0 ~ bMl ~ If HiE L M Y ~cIs
wraccmec~ofip k i T o p m e m x
e n e ~ dno
o n e p b r p o s a m B npoc~pa~c~sepycc~ofi
c ~ ~ & H ~ B ~ K olTklCbhleHHOCTM, B o ~ ~ BGpHeMCR K I.ICXOAHblM llOJIOXeIII.IRM
Konecosa, o n p e n e n m o w r M ero nowon K ~BO.TWIIHFI P Y C C K O ~ Om ~ T e p a T J p H O r O R 3 b I K a . B c B 0 e f i C T a T b e , ~ O C B H ~ ~ pMrMI.IKe I ~ H O ~ ( t~C n 0 B a 0 n 0 J t K y M r o p e B G ) ) , n p o 6 n e ~ 9JIeHeHI.IR e e T O T e K C T a PI W O ( ( ~ ~ K T Y pbw ( n p o ? a , m~xn), Konecos c r o p n o c n l o m~ruer:( t h i ~ h 1 K K acosnaBa.rIa X ~ ~ O X ~ C T B ~ T eH K CHT ~ YXe I ~ B~CaMbIX W e B H H X ~ O H 3 B G n G H I I R X
663 H G e 0 R I . I n P O C T O 1XG MOr.mI 661CYllIeCTBOBaTb B O BpehIeIII.1, n O T O M y 9 T O H e B 0 3 M O X H O 3 a n O h i H k f T b 60.mruofi 6e3 c q e n m w e r o ero racmr p m I a . 3 r o 6 b m "more-
A. M a s o ~ aH a JIeCOB
PIX HaPl3YCTb K a K CTIIXI.1 I.1 U C n O . m R m I.IX
ee IT0
TO# pa6om1 Ko~~ecosa. O l i e ~xoporuo, ~, 'ITO OH B~ICOKOoqec o n e p x a T e . m f i o e nccne;[osaHae A. M. n a ~ r e m o o, m a K o
acneKTbr mmaeT
B e C L M a Q A C K O ~ ~ H O 9, T O B b I C K a 3 b I B a R KOHLIenT)'a.rIbHOG 0 H e p e J I e B a H T H O C r H PkITMMZIGCKOrO K P M T T I . I R IT])ll
n0JIO;rteHklC
OnpeAeneHkiM
C T H X O T B O ~ H Ow~ m l n p o 3 a k i r e c ~ o i ni p k I p o a 1 c p e w e s e K o B o r o
cna-
BRHCKOrO T e K C T a , O H B JIY9IIlki.Y TpaLIMIlHSIX C O B ~ T C K O CJEdBHCTFiKkl ~~ 7 a 6 b 1 s a e ~JVOMRHYTL, -0
W~LM
3Ta IUIOAOTBOpHaR
H e RBJHeTCR
eI'0
~OC~DKG~UIGM a , n p & I H a m e x m U T ~ X ~ R H C K O ~ cnasacTy. IY
Y T B G ~ x A ~ H ~ ~XIGI 0 n p k i p o & H o f i , Ht?p)'CCKOrO
x,ma.mcb
ki,
~oo611le, BaX
k l h l ~ a ~ lPI.11X4M11HOCTkI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f m i eB-
CnaBRIICKIIX R 3 b l K O B M TGKCTOB BbICKa-
M paIrbIue, H a n p m e p
C.
KaTGrOpEirHO-neKJInpaTIIBHOMTOHG.
M a ~ X a y 7 e p o B o f i ,B
HeT, 4 0 p 3 l a - % t l 0
ewe 6onee
BCe ~pe6osa-
HkIII 3 T M I i e T a B C T a T L e ~ 0 6 . m n e ~ b 1B : n p I . I M G S a H k i I 1 n e p e q M C J I G H b 1
O T T a K 0 f i OqelIKZI P e J Y . m T a T O B ,
I ~ ~ I K K E IcOn e, q p l a n b e o n o n 6 k i p a ~n e K c s K y w p e n a l c U k w g p a 3 b 1 , no CYTA aHHYJMP)TOllI)TO A O C T N X e H H R I.ITalLbRHCKOT0 c n a B k i c T a B p a c c ~ a ~ p & ~ s a o6nac~ki: e ~ o f i ( ( K a K ~ O K ~ ~ ~ I Bpe~ K KOHCT~~KLJI.II.IP. l3m10, T a m e p I . I T h I w e c K I . I e q e 3 m i T e K c T a , HCKYCC T B e H H O C O C T a B J I e H H O r O pI.IMI.I¶eCKkIhIkI KOJIOHBMI.1, COOTHeCeHHMhlW C P e a J I b H b I M 'LrIeHeHMeM CJIOBeCIlOrO T e K L T a CO CnOBOCOWTilHlI-
A0
XVII
B. PI
ner-
.))
BHlJMaHkIe H a TO-TIhKO n p R M O H e c $ o ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ o B ~n pHO T HI .ol BG0 n O C T B B - I e H k I e p C ! K o ~ ~ ~ p y I C i . l l l i f i P . ~ 1 ~ l o l IICKyCCTBeHHO 0 , COCTaB.WI1-
ria ;[a K TOMY Xe, 6e3 BCHKOrO ~ I I K K I I O ,O C 0 7 H a icmmncam 1.1 rnrcaTemm OT 6orn1a no roronrr
ILIX P I ~ I % ~ I ~ ~ C K I I , M l i Zo In o H a m p e a n b a o M y q n c H e I 1 I n o ' r e K c r a
lie
X e ~ I . l f i , B b I I i y ~ e H H On O T p a 9 y H e K O T O p O e B P e h i R H a 3 T H Z I e C K k l e
~I.IKKI.10,
Ocrasnm B c T o p o H e H e n o m o e , ~ e p o m oO, ~ ~ M ~ O Y (H( mOe~H e co c n o B o c o ~ m a m i m k I ) ) , ~ e : v b ~H$e ~o6panrn
60.m111eti no-
0 6 ~ 3 a ~ e . m"CTI.IKOTBO~HOM~"' ~o TeKCTY, I.1 9eXl na.mrue sr.y6b B p G h I e l l , T e M 6onee CnpaBGJlJDIBO 3T0 Y T B G ~ ~ ~ H I I ~ n p C ? w G 9 e M p a 3 6 k l p a ~ b c Rno CyUJGCTBy n p M B e n e H H b I X nO.?O-
P.
M e T O m I K Y UCCnenOBaHI.IR I.1
H n e h i C n o B e u i o r o TeKCTa
~ b l J I K 0 f pi a 3 6 ~ 1 p a e h 1 0 r o 7 n e C b CyXQTGHI.IR: p I l T M I I Y H O C T b B IIIkIPOKOM CMLICJIG np1ICJ'UB
OPMTtiHa.mH)TO
JIEI B OCHOBY K ~ I ~ C C U ~ ~~ CY KC O C ~ K ~D O I~T ~e p a T y p b I . .
- HBCTOJIbKO QCTe-
~ 0 1A.e J1I O~ C
r o m I W ~ O K O ~ I Y ~ CnK p kMi H~u ~k I n
m e H e H I . I R A p e B H e p y C C K O r O T e K C T a BKTEIBHO M 3 y Y a e T
0 W e R H e P y C C K O M ((KHkIKlIOM)) CTkIXOTBOPCTBe, n O C n e K O T O P O ~UIcCTa~
~ e ~ i b m eh Iteip e H e O C h I O T p I I T e . ~ H O . T ~ 0 K6 ~
C H k i C X O ~ T e J I L H On O X J I O n b I B a C X C B O e r O I.ITa.TbRHCKOI'0
no nneyy: c(B n o c n e W I . r e
XMI.1, OC03HaBa.rMCb KHMXHbIMW J I J 0 m M I . I B n J I O T b
nepea a n p e a T o m ) , 1.1nanee, co ccb~~ncoti H a pa6ol.y A. M. n a ~ s e m o
C T B e H I I O e C B O ~ C T B O~ p e B 1 1 C hC J T ~ B H I I C K Op~e 9 1 1 , 9 T O O T p I l U a T b
AaXe
Konnery
no.nyreHHbrx
e. W l e ~ a ~ I . 1T e) K C T a . T ~ K & I M o 6 p a 3 0 ~e,c R n p r B H e p y c c K a R .mTepaTypa o K a l a r n a e T c r r " n o s ~ k i r e c KoG", nOCKOJIbKY BCR O H a P I . I T M l 1 3 0 B a H a I I.1 J l e T O n k I C H , I.1 A a X G AeXOB L l e TeKCTbI, H a n p I . I M G p ITOCnaHkIR O T O&HOrO K H R 3 R K A p y O M Y , no-
TeKCTOB
neKO-
$ ~ ~ H U Y ~ C K O IMp I, I T O M , 'IT0 H k M T O H e CneIIl1.I-U
P e B O m T b HI3 TOTO, HI1 LZpYrOrO H a P Y C C K W ~ ~ )B . nPI.IMeZIaHkIH
CneIIlHT kICnpaBHTb Bne¶aT.leHHe
K O n033I.II.I ~ I.IMeHORa.WCb KOflOHUUll (T.
n o n o 6 ~ PIITMIIqHOCTb a~
(IICK.~~ATGJI~HH O a WTa.rIbRHCKOM, K a K p a H e e I T p W B O ~ I J I W C bp a 6 0 ~ b 1
~ 0 6 k l J I c RO ' i e H b I.IHTepeCHbIX p e 3 Y J I b T a T O B ) ) , H O B OCIIOBHOM TeKCTG
CT~rlHble"H n p l l T O M " ~ ~ ~ H o c T o I I pHa 3~MI e~p b" 1 , KOTOPbIG B QGqeC-
IICHbIM, 9 T O
n y 6 m a r l ~ mn 1 i K K k i 0
~ a ~ 0Xe f iT w a T e J I b H O C T b I o ,
K O T O ~ ~QGACTaBkIn I ~
C n a B I I H C K O r O CJIOBeCHOTO NCKYCCTBI,
CKOJIbKY rOIXUb1 3a)'9kiBa.rIII
OMOBHbIe C
pI.ITMkI~eCKI.IGOTp&7KM, ) ) ' ~
m e b r a r e pyccKnhl.lrt PI ~ O C T O ~ B M O ~ O .
no l l e c 9 a c ~ . m I 3 0 f i3aKOHOMePHOCTI.1, T a K O e CaMOCTORTe.rIbHOG ocosaamre npupomr c p e m , n p 1 I ; M e H R e h n r x B . m I T e p a T y p e , 1.1 H e TO^KO C P ~ ~ ~ B ~ K O & rBu lO0 6~e ~ 1, ~ e 9 e ~ IP~ITMW'I~CKO)UI .1~ TaPMOIII.19HOCTkI n M C b M e H H O r 0 T e K L T a , A ~ ~ ~ C T B H T ~ .I~II ~~ H I .OI c YJIY9IIlI.M ~ ~ ~ ~
~ J ' c c K .om~I T~e p a T y p b l
o6pa311a~
O T ~ O B K T ~B Ip e h I e H H b I X JIeT A 0 ~ Y H H k1 H CO~
nxerrnubma, K~KI.IM-TO 0 6 p a 3 0 h 1 nporuno MI.WO
r o n o B H a m n x COB~T-
C M I X CneLJI.IaJMCTOB IT0 MCTOPMU 3 ~ 0 fI liE i T q ) a T ~ P b I ;I.IHa'IC 9 e M O ~ I A C -
H H T ~C e T o B a m a K a n e M m a
~ a P"k I T M H Y e H , ~
~
~
~
J
I
O p n o ~ a ( ( B c e a~c H o , w o T e K c T "Cno-
H O HllKOhIY H e RCHO, K a K 0 f i CHCTGMG O H C X e w e T ) ) ,
oM H~O T~O Top Yc m bTI X~, H O . m l l l e H I I b l X ~ a ~ 0 f i - 1 1 ~ 1 K6 O 0 HUen-
- w i ~ b l i o fni p O r p a M M b 1 k i 3 b 1 c K a ~ 1 . 1M. ~ n. W T O K Mn ~p k~I B~e ,~ k i X era K q y 6 o ourti6or1io~yB ~ I B oO c~t r r~p o . i a r n e c ~ o f i n p k q ) o n e ssyK O R O o~ p~r a m 3 a u m i T e K c r a HOCTb
"CnosaJ')),p a c n . m m ~ I a l y r oH e o n p e n e n e H -
4. c.n W x a s e B a , O T n G I I b l B a I o ~ e r O C RM H O r 0 3 H a Z I k I T e ~ X b H b I MHl O
I
COBCeM H e C B E i A e T t : J B C T B y I O U ~ l0 ~ P O H k f K H O B e H k I I B I f l e f i ~ ~ ~ 1 . 1 ~ ~ -
c)m x s n e H u x , c y x A e H H e M - - ((... p k m r k w e m a x ct1cTe;lra "Cno~a" I'JIY~oKo c ~ o e o 6 p a 3 ~ PI aIlpklHaDJIeXkIT CBOeMy B p e M e H I I - XI] B.)). H. K. r y ~ J k l f iB C B O C ~((HCTOPI~~I ~ W ~ B H CP Y ~ C~ C K O ~JUlTel)aTYPbl)) ~ (M., Y ~ n e m w 1938, , c. 158-1 59), r o B o p n o ~ F I T O ~ C I ' I H O C T Z InponoB e r n 1 PI R ~ I T H ~ H. U Ol l~T ~ q a T M ) b I , 0 nPkICYTCTBkIkI B WIS BCWO ~ a 6 o p a 1iy10
W H e M O B 1.1 C p e n C T B K ~ ~ C C ~ I Y ~PkITOPkJKW, C K O ~ ~ B TOM YIlC.rIe, O.rMI[CTBOPeHI-IR OTB-rIeYeHHbIY n 0 H X T k l f i kI ~ I ~ T ~ ~ O ~06pa3ou, ~ ~ Y ~naK U X TeTMYeCKHX B O C K J M L ( ~ H B kI ~ ~B O n P O C O B ,
06parue~~W K CjryLUaTeerISIAl k1
n e p C O l I a X a M , U I e c T B y ) ) , HO 3;1 IYTkLkDI B e p nocnenona.rro H P I Y ~ ~c yOr r t c c T s e r 1 H o r o e
peYk1)). O H M n O n P O C T Y CMeXOTBOPHbI, ~OCKO!lbKY, eCJIkI O T p X S H Y T b C
( l ) 0 p ~ ~ . V & l p 0 ~ a 1 1 k 1 kkICXO.ZHhIX 1 T e O p e T k l s e C K H X I T o I I o x ~ ~ ~ F I ~X IT GX O n p e -
BCe BOCTOYHbIe C n i l B R H e B .Up[PeBHOCTM COCTOR.ln-I nOT.OJIOBIIO El I CO@EI-
neJIelrk1X p k ~ l ~ k ~ ' l e ~ IElCI~-f~i C ~ T ) ~ X T ) . ~ ) ~ I O - C ~ I H T OPl.aHII7aIU.III ~KCI~Y~CKO~~
CTOB & PI U T O P O B , II7'bRCHIIRUIAXCX B
T e K C T a n a M R T H & I K a . rj'n3kIfi l l p ~ . I I O Y ~ . kTlIm I 6 b 1 . ~B b I H Y X A e H Oq);If1kI-
O T p e 3 K a M l I > ) , IlOTOM)' 9 T O kIM H a A O 6 h 1 , ~ oY'IlITb
YkITbCII RI1!IhlhI
KHRXCCKPIC n o c n a r i k r x .
( t n p O k l 3 B e ~ ~ H HpklTO])H'leCKOe e
H ~ I M Z In p e m o c h I m a M k I I r e
06 (
11 n l ) ~ C . r I e / l ~ ~ ICOBCCM hl k l H h l e Ue.!DI 3aK.XJO'IeHkIehl
IIAX naTpkIOTIIYeCK0-na'rtTkIYeCK)m nlI.Xb, rTlaCRT H e q T 0 U H O e , KaK:
Bee
6 b 1 ~ yTOJIbKO
,)TO M ~ yI s e
~~pIIThIkI'I~CKkI5IkI
HakI7yC1.b ~ D . I I I I I b I C
c,arura.m
-
((PZIT~Ip a 7 r o -
B " C . ~ I O B ~ " kI 1%A P > -
B O P H O ~ppe'lH ~
rrlx n a h l r r T r l k n c a s i ~ p e s ~ ~ e p y c c. m~ror qfaiT ) p b r ) ) . B O ~ I , & I H O K O~a~ ~ ~ T O (POHG ~ I Y Y e H o r o 6ecnaoialrr 1.1 n o . - n l T l r r e c ~ o i~i I I ~ ~ X M ~ ~ D ~ H Fn Ip~e Cq aT cI ~- I~ opfai 6 o ~ eM. Il. E p e 5 1 ~ 1 1 i a ' ~noc-
Haqa.mrIoro
IIe~OB~TeJlbHblA aIia.TkI.I?OM I K O h l n O %I-IL(UOIIEIO~~ C T P ) T T Y P b I kI CTkI!DIC-
3e11~b1e rra
y 6 e m l ~ e n b ~AoO K a ? b I B a e T C I I , YTO ((CJIOB 0))c o - ~ Hno OB W ~KI a H o H a h l K n a c c w r e a c o r o o p a T o p c K o r o m q c C T B ~ , c k I c n o . m . % o B a H I I e M nomroro c n e K T p a p k r - r o p k r r e c l c a x n p u e M o B . 30 A ~ ~ ~ B . ~ MeHR I I I ~ 01. T FI~O~XO~IMOC IIP T O~ XI O m I T b Y X C n p 0 f i n e H H b l i i n y T h , OTChIJIaII ' I I I T a T e m K y K a 3 a t l H o f i p a 6 0 ~ e C t:~IkICTBeHHbIM C O B t T O h i - )TMTbIBB T b , '11 0, C 0 r . r I R ~ a ~ 0 fti I a B p e M e f I a H H I l a B h l , EpeMMH B b I k I Y ~ M6bUl n p k 1 6 e r a ~ b ,no C,mU, K 3 B @ e h l ~ 3 M a M ,3 a h l e H R R O K p y X e H H Y O m 1 0 7 H h I M O p e O n O M kI H e 6 w o n a c ~ B p kIAeOXOrkl9eC-
CR, I l q ) e B O ~ I B L n H e C Rk1.W CaMOCTOXTe.XbFIO C 0 3 n a R a B U I l l e C R H a
TO.TbKO
( 0 6 ~ ~ ~ CTkl.WICTkIYeCKI.IX 0 ~ ~ 1 1 I$~phl)..l
THYf2CKkI.Y X a p a K T e p k I C T I W T e K C T a
- EICTOYHkIK
~ e p c k l @ i K a ~ u k l ) ) ~ ~ .1 1 c b k l C f l ~ b T1 eeK C T b I
nepuoxd n o r o , c r y A ~ I I T M I I ~ H ~YTO I , O H ~ I-Ima4a.mlIo co3naaarnrcb no p k 1 ~ o p 1 1 q e c ~ 1 . 1 ~K a n o H a M A 06paslra~,6ym TO naMXTHkWkI ~ ~ ~ K o B H o - ~ ~ ~ ~ TX C~ .MTC~TH~ OI ~~ ~~ IJ D C IKT qOa ~T )~p h I , ' l a n e P y c b 113
6o.wapu11,~I!Mnpo~13~enermn nepernIcIaBaRurrre-
a BOBCe H e n O T O M y , YTO Iq)I.IBk19kI,
Ba!m B ~ ~ I CTkIYdMkI T Y EVE1 ((PkITbf H'ICCKkIMM)) M30KOjIOIlaMkI.
T O - ~ I ~noK3O~ o fni p k r s m e m I n n o M a T a r e c K k r e n o c n a I 1 k I x , TOI[eJIOBallbHbIe Q a M O T h I ,
XI-XI] BB. B. K). @ p a ~ ' I y K ~ ' , BK.rIIOXlaX n O r O B O P b I nepsbrx ~ ~ x 3 ek13j i ~ Y C O B(Onera, Mropx, Cex~ocnasa), ilOJW(Hb1 I I O p n a B a T b C R pa36~emroH a KOJIOHbI, W O kI O T p a X i t a e E X B klX IlkICHbIX T e K C T a X
c
rpeKaMk1
~ W ( l ' Y a I I W M , I l p H T O h l , YTO 3TW K O n O H b I 0 $ 0 p h I J I e H b 1
hlknl--
EIO El
KpacHopeYkIe)),
a
B KaYeCTBe
K d J I o n j ' N , - - (UlO.WiTkIYeCKOe
o6pa311a &m!l
PkITOPMYeCKOTO M a C T e p -
CTBa a B T O p a N C J I O B ~ >H ) a J b I B a T b ((HapOllHYH) n033k1K))),
He
3a6bl~ax
nYIMTYaI[kIOkI-
~ ~ I $ H Y ~~C~ ~KO HT H O C I I T ~ J AX I ~ H~ POe A C f l C a T H B H O C T k I ,a Y a C T O ,
dame
~ ~ ~ O T H O C A TM~ H~ H ~ C H IOM ~ ~ ~CH MO~ I~C~J I O BaBTOFIOMHOCO~~
I'kI, T I K K I K El H b I C m I r n I C b 3 a n A C b I B a H ) I I l M M A MX KBK 3 n e h I e H T h l PkI-
a H e KRK H e B e A O M b I e kIM ( ( C A I r T a r n o ~ o 6 ~ o pr OoA a O T m l Y a I o T C R C B O ~ R
0 . Z H a K O n O C T a B U T b B 0 n I ) O C 0 H G O ~ X O , ~ ~ ~ ~ ICOn ~ CITW~l aI . X b H O r 0HCCJIe-
T O ~ M K I ~ C KC O T P~y~K T m b I T e K C T B ,
AOBBHI-12 r e H e 3 H C a ~ ~ I ~ . M M Y ~n C p OK3 O b l ~( ~~C n o B a ) ) .P a 6 o ~ a E
MbI)).
~ ~ M H H ~
KpeC-
T e K C T b I AOTOBOPOB, BbIRB.rIeHHhIe B J I t T O -
KOM a e n e K T e ~ ~ I F I T o ~ I H . ~a ~Y)C)- ~ I O B H ~KBK I ~ ~ ,OH c a h t o n p e f i e m e T , T ~ I -
( W O p X ~ e H H OR~Q~) ,k M Q i m
PYCII,
A p e B n R H e kIJDl IIOJIXHe l ) a 3 I ' O B a P k I -
K
1 O M Y )Ke, BCe T e K C T h I
@ O P M Y J I ~ H O JIaKOHEILIHOCTbIO, ~~ T d K YTO I l O C J I a M k1 H e 6 b ~ r 1 0
r-o
0c060fi
H Y X m I H a l T p H r d T b CBOIO n a M X T b , A a X e B T e X C J r y Y a R X , K O T A a , eC.mI
A. C. n E l X a Y e B y ,
6embre ((CJBI))
mama msnmncm
c a M P Y C C K H ~m3bm, ~ npkiqeM
H H ) ~ oqepem -@OJBKJIOP.
6b1m1BbITBeI)XEIB a T b H a A 3 Y C T b T e K C T KHIIXeCKOTO IIOCJItlHEIII. C YI I O~JIeKCHKe, klCI I O . T ~ ~ O B ~ BHIlEIChhIe HO~~ Mo~o~aK x aOJIery C B ~ ~ T O C J I ~ B H(I'paY~ BepkiTb
nnTepaTypHoro
p a 3 ~ 0 ~ 0 p ~ b I113bM, fi KOHeYHO, ((ITpOCTOTO)) H a p O A a , H e B n O C n e A -
AOJlXHbI
M O T a , IIUcaHMe), IlO M k E E I a T I O p a M P ~ ~ ~ E I B E L K T I O B C K JIeTOlTEICki, O~~ CTOIIb
A H e r O B O p k i T JIM WCKJM)YEITW5HalI Y C T O ~ I I B O C T J~l M T e p a T f l ~ o f @i O P M ~ I(TOR xe c a ~ o f~i r x r n 6 n e ~ ~k ionso6pere~~ofi fi KOJI~COB~IM BMeCTO e M y H ~ ) ' ~ o ~ H KOJIOHa, o ~ o ((@o~MY.T~I-cEIHT.~~MLI)), B K O T O P O ~ ~
B a X H b I e A O K Y M e H T b I I 1 H e n O B q N l . r M C b H e H a A e X H O M Y B lTOJIkiTPIKe
TOJBKO
CJlOBy,
a
IlpekihiyII@XTBeHHO
$ E I K c P I ~ o B ~ . ~ M cC~ p a 3 y B ~ E I C ~ M ~ H H O ~ ~
n p k i T ~ K EO I ~C X O ~ O El ~KOHUelTTYa.TbH0 ~
C ~ O B O O ~ ~ ~ ~ ki O cB ~~ pH yE~I ~~
~H~YHMO AJLH G KOJIe-
T y p H O r O TeKCTa, 7aJIOXeHHbIX
MeIIII J M Y H O C Y w e C T B e l l H O
0 6 e c ~ e ~~nI Os T C REI H e X E I U I e H H b I e O ~ L ~ K T E I B H O C T E I co 0 6 p a x e ~ k 1 m B. B. Konecosa 0 ~ e 0 6 ~ 0 ~ 1 ~El 0B a~X H~O1C T. k i1 EI7YYCI3EIII U ~ ~ K O B H 0 6 0 3 ~ a r e ~ ~01T Bmn e 1 I e H H b I X
y po ~p ro af mi ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ p y mc IcTKq ao -r ewe B CaMOM Ha'IaJlt: P Y C C K O ~nEICb~
MeHHOCTI.1 A ((OC03HaBaeMbIX)) PYCCKEIMII nMCaTe.WMki H e n P e P b I B H O t r a n p o T m x e H m AecmTpI
O ~
H e B a EI
PEITOlJEIKki, K O T O P O e A a t T BO?h.IOXHOCTb I l O H I l T b ( ( B L r p a 6 a ~ b I ~ a ~ ~ e CII CO B p e h t e H e M n p k l H w n b 1
6onee
c~b1c.nocTatrrcm TOT xe),
C T ~ ~ A J B H O COCHOBHbIX T~ ~ ~ K O H O M ~ ~ HCkiHTaKCACa, O C T ~ ~ ~ Mo~eJIefi
@oph.ie, K a K T O J B K O 3T0 CTa.rlO AOCTJ'IIHbIM. COBCKEIX I I o c T ~ o ~ H a K~ C kIi O ~M~a T H K e
BaPbqJYeTCm CnoBecHoe H a n o m e H E I e n o c T r n e H H o Bce
1.1 o'onee c c p y c c k i @ k i ~ k i p y e ~ o f i ne~cmcofi, )) a
croneTaii, OT Hec~opa((no roronrr, Typre-
AoCTO~BCKO~O)), YTO H O B O e BBHO TO-TIbKO B.rMBa.rlOCb
B CTaPbIe
M e , W , YTO ki C O B P ~ M ~ H H.VMTepaTflHb6 ~I~~ ~ Y C C K IEI 3~b M TO.TbK0 O m 1 0
lTotI~~klfi,
n o n o 6 ~ oTOMY, K a K (((DP~H-
O T ~ ~ ~ O T CkIHOHkiMEIYeCKkiX K Y P a 0 B El C.UOXtIbIX CI.llITaKCEIYeCKEIX
113 C O C T O R H H ~C~T a p o c n a B m H C K O r O I I 3 b M a ,
C T p J K T y p , K O T O p b I e p a 3 B E I B a m I C b H a OCHOBe pI.ITOpkiYeCKPIX lTpMeMOB
~ y 3 ~ I C E lHf 3i b M H e I l p O H C X O m I T O T .rIaTbIHW, O H H e C T b .rIaTLIIIb, H a KO-
op ~ T O P C K O Gn p o 7 b 1 ,
n o c T e n e H H o e HaKon.-ieHtre
(DOH~TEI~I~CK~IX
T O ~ J OTOBOPHT ~ B onpene.rIessyro
C p e n C T B , K O T O P b I e T a K I4.W E1118Ye C ~ O C O ~ C T B O B ~ . ~pIaE3 Ir p a H E I L I e H E l I 0
A. I-.). " C ~ a p o c n a ~ m ~ c ~ a m K y m - r y p a m 7 b m a " , no B b I p a x e I I m o 6. A. n a p n ~ asxomma , B pycc ~ k i f !i I l i T e p a T ) ~ ~ I b X I ~7 b M 6naronapm lTOCpe,?lHEIYeCTBy ~ T O A O ~ H ~ I X T e K c T o B ; 1 I e p e . j H e e MLI B n e p s b I e n o . n y s E I m I , c r H o r & I e noammm a m m HO# Ei ~ p e r n l 2 B e ~ 0 ~ 0@EIIIOCO(~I.IH fi ki HayKI.1. Ha O C H O B e CTOJlKIIOBeHE153 (n0~eh.r)' 0 6 1 1 3 a ~ e . m ~ C o T O . ~ H O B ~ H P I X? A. r.)@ y X p e l I e B b I X C T H X M ~- P ) ' C C K O ~ ~kI K H H X H O - C J I ~ B I I H C K O ~ ~ IIPOkiCXOmlJIO "060p a 3 ~ b "1 c~n o ~ "(perb E ~ A ~ o T xaHpe.
-
-
HEIMBIOTCII K a K
OCO~~HHOCTII POJJIOrO
ee UerIeBaH Y C T a H O B K a T O B O P A T , ' I T 0 B b I U I e I I P P I B e A e H H b I e @ p a 3 b l H e Gonee, Y e M nyc-rbre cnoea: ee caepxsanasa - A o K a s a T b , TO ( ( J l M T e p a T y p H b I e ( n ~ ~ af iUepKOBHOCnaBXHCKEle. A. r.)@ O P M ~ I -
nOC'rOIIHH0
~ ~ E I C ~ O C ~ ~ J I Z IK Bp a~ 3.T~O B I O C p~H O M Y ( ~ C T ~ C T B ~ H H O ,
PYCCKOMY) X3bIKY)), 'lTO, B KOHZYHOM CYeTe, ~ , T J I H C T B ~ H H .O L~ I B~k i ~ y I I ~ e f i
~ 4 L r l 0 f i A r n a B H b I M KOMnOHeHTOh.1 B I I p O U e C C e CTaHOBJIeHEIX p y C C K 0 -
BeKOB YYEIJICX V a M O T e , M 0 p a . m A EICTkiHe IT0 T e K C T a M n ~ a . T T I l p 1 . 1 EI E ~ a ~ r e . r n 1a m ~axmrCi &em ~
E pasa I BOJHOCI.IJI
K
bory CBOIl
( ( p a 3 r O B O p H O M pYCCKOM)>, O Y e B E m O HCBO3MOXHO 6 e 7
$a~~a. ewe H e K O T O p O e B p e M H
cahlble
a
He Ha
yrtrra
3TOrO
C O K P O B e H H b I e YaIIHEIII BCe-TSIKI.1 H a UepKOBHOCJIaBIIHCKOM,
H a Y T O Y H e H A e 3HBYEIMOCTki I 1
~ 'TqlMEIHOB e ,CBX-
7 8 H H b I X C r J I 0 6 a . T b ~ b 1IIBJIeHkieM ~ n p e e M C T B e H H O C T M B lT03TkiYeCKkIX
H~G Pycki ~ ~ ~ K O B I I O C . ~ I ~ B H HEIC ~K~I I.J~I T I K I . ML[PYrEl&I (B KaKOM CMbICne ((ApYTMM)) -- YYXEIM, ( ( ~ I H o c T ~ ~ H H ~ I M > > ?A. r.)II7bMOM. (. ..) 6e3
6b1no 6b1 CTOJIb kiHTeHCkiBHbIM ki 6 b I C T p b l ~ ) ) ~ ' . K c o x a n e s k m , B c e c o n e p x a H k i e ~ o ~ o r p a @B.mB. Konecosa,
6 n e h l b 1 JlMTeI)aTYpHOTO X 3 b M a p y C C K O r 0 I I a p O A a , K O T O P ~ In~e C R T b
3 H a Y e H I M kiCnOJIb3YeMbIX B p a c c ~ a T p E 1 ~ a e ~pa o f6i o
pa3 n p E 1 C p a B H e H E I A C ApYTIIMI.1 II3bIKaMM, a am A p e B -
T Y p H O r O 113bMa H e
0 p ~ eI1fneKCIlKki. i
k i c ~ o p k i r e c ma r ~ I H I - B E I ~ T P N ~K~oMp p e m H o e paspememie npo-
n0TpaYy
113bMa OCTpeeBOCIlpM-
BJlMIIHkIII UePKOBHOC.rIaBHHCKOr0 1 1 3 b M a p a 7 B t l T E I e 1JyCCKOrO . m I T e p a -
9 k I T e J I b H O e KO.miYeCTBO TaIJTbCKZIX ki TepMaHCKkIX ~
HeocnopaMoro
C T p t X k K l l 3 b I K O B O r O V T ~ X " ,YTO C ~ O C O ~ C T B O B ~YIlCHeHIlIO TO CBO~~CTB
@OPM P O J J I O r O II3bIKa.
m o x y PI B o n p e n e n e t 1 H b r . u reorpace6m ? H a -
( ~ M ~ ~ C KQM~ X H E I ~ S I X > ) "A, a p O M YTO 3Ta J l a T b I H b B n I I T a n a B
V a L M U k i X X BCeX K Y J J b T y p ki H a P O A O B . C n e . r I a T b 3T0 ~ e 0 6 ~ 0 m 1 h . i ll0 o
I
DYMn p m k i H a M .
B o - n e p s b ~ x ,no n p k r r a s e c K p o M H o r o
1 ' q M k i H O B Y MeHII, Y a C T O B b I H Y X A e H H O T O ~ ~ ~ $ ) O ~ U Y ~ MJII.1 C K OO~ M ~IZ ~IHOMY
npki6era~bK
sanaca TaKEIX ((BOXbHOMY)),
((TBBOTO p a 7 T O B O P H O T O PYC-
C K o r o . ~ I T e p a T ~ p H O TII3bMa)) O H i U n e r O B p e M e H H , CMbICJIOBOMY HalTOJIHeHEIIO T e p M A H O B .
Bo-BTOP~IX, B
CBII3I.I C o ~ L ~ K T E I B H ~ IlT0HXTkifiM
llbIM ki T ~ M U H O J I O ~ Y e C K k i AM~ @ I . I ~ I . I T O MH~~.IIH)A~IOUIAMCII , B PYCH 3 b M e B 06.rlac~1.1 C O B ~ ~ M ~ H FEII HOC~T O ~ P I I ' I ~ C K O ~ ~I l 0 3 T O J I O T H H .
3 ~M O~ XHO ) lTP0AJIJIK)CTpApOBaTb H a 6m1xafi11mixl l O A p Y Y H b I X Cpe.4"TBax. H a n p k i ~ e p BMeCTO , H TaK H ~ I T ~ A B ~ I Y AJLH HO PYCCKOTO, ~~ AaXe
O
(CrmHI'BkiCTki9eCKOI'O)),
Jlee TOqIiOe IIO C
yXa
t(n03TOJIOrHkI))XOseTcH ynoTpe6H~b60-
M ~ I C J I O O ~ K O~p H~ l O ~CnOBO ~ I O ~~nos:%oJIorkiH~~, ~ ~ M ~
H O CT0.n ' ~ ~ f l ~ ~ k irk16p1.1~ ~ ~ b l ((II033kIkI)) f i kI ~(3oO.rlOrklkl)) BpRA !El
Hamen 661nomepmxy ilaxe y
((CTIOBOTBOPlla))Bknc~opaXne6~2rrto-
roaopkn A n e ~ c a ~ qCepreeak~r p o cna6oc~krpyccKoro 06nac~xxc c ~ m a @ n 3 ~ q e c ~ nO x )m ) ?a ~ oc, ~ e p x Memoro 3y6 0 c ~ a m cM ~O ~XH a O BblCKa3aTb 6onee Cepbe3HbIe npeTeH3Hki K peIueIIm Aamoro K O ) ~ X P ~ T Bonpoca H O ~ OKonecosbr~.C sero ?TOOH A
'ITO
~3bma B
Ba M CahlbIX peWkITeJlbHbIX 3KCII~kIMekITaTOpOOc e p e 6 p ~ ~ 0 1 -BeKa. 0
B3%JI,'4TO CYweCTB)TOIWe TepMZIHbI ( ( ( ~ o ~ M YHJ I((CWHTarMa)) ~)) OAH-
He npkixoppmca Y ~ I B J I I I T L C Ho 6 a e ~ yccnncretrex c.rIoeec)) -- nepncp-
HaKOBO OrrpeAeJHIOT XOTH 661 Omy CTOPOHY k1HTeI)eCj'IOINeTOeTO HB-
paCTHKkI, KOJIkiLIeCTBynPZIflaTOZIHbIXOIIPeAC.KiITe.TbHb1S npemOXe-
neHk1H.
E1k1fi B BHil.TPITk19eCKIIX p a 6 0 ~ a x0 C O B P ~ M ~ H Hk1,O ~ B ~O C O ~ ~ H H O C T ~ ~ ,
i t p e ~ t ~ ek1t icpemese~osofinos3uu
nprr O T C Y T C T B ~ I ~yI ~ o 6 0 n p o k 1 3 ~ 0 -
criMoro TephIma, 060.~trasamwer0 caMy riayLlgwmrcukrn.msy.
C O B C ~HeMOseBH,iTHO, 'lTO ((CPIHTaTMa))ki ( ( ( ~ o I ) M Y BJ I06~)) weM CJIysae MOrYT CkIHKp~I3kipOBaTbCH B O W O M nOHRTHki, llOCKOJIb-
KY CTOHWkie 38 3TkiMN TqMUHaMkI IIBJIemIH HMCIOT CYLIIeCTBCHHO OT.rIE19HbIe
K . m q e ~ b 1m ~ H I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ In033kIH O H H HBluIeTCH O ~ n0HHTHe
06nac~t1OIIpe~eJIeIIkiH.T ~ ~ M((CkiHTarMa)) ~ I H kl
er0
nep-
BkiqHOe TOJIKOBaHZIe, ki T~MkIHO~OI'II9eCKOe OlTpeAeneHkIe MnyT OT
nomopa, noa-ropa, K a K npaBkino, p e a m r 3 y e ~ o r oH a BCeS ypoaIlHS, ( P O H ~ T ~ I K O - ~ B @ O H ~ I ' I ~PkIThIZIKO-nPOCO~IIZIeCKOhI CKO~~, 21
fle CocIOpa. ((Ho, -K a K IlkIlIIeT A. A Pe~bophla~c~klfi, -CaMO 0
CeMaHTkMO-CkIHTaKCIIqeCKObI,IIa KOMnO3~UIIOHIIO-CTp)XTyPIIOhi 'IJIeHeHkIe H a ki30ki0p@~ble kI.rIEI OLlJlOPO~bIe IIO KRKOM).-TO nOKa3a-
-
" C ~ I H T ~ T M ~ T HpHm1" ~ ~ C K( ~~ ~~~~J ' M ~ I O TJIkl~efi~ble CII O T H O ~ C H U R ) kI
TeJw kI.IDI IIpki3HaKY YaCTkl ( K O ~ O H ~ ICq)OKI.I-CTkI.VI, , C T P O ( ) ~ I , .rleC-
WCKkie OTHOIII~FIHH") Mano np0HCHRK)T kI AaXe 3aTpyEHHIOT llOkIk1-
CbI, IIq)kIOmI, IIeCHll HmI T J I B B ~ I )21, B ~IaSpOHk19eCKOMaCneKTe,
hlaHk1e TOTO, 9TO
nOBTOpa-:%aMhICTBOBaHkIH B UeIITOHHO&l,H e p e ~ OBKJIIOsalOlUehl B
H I U ~ I ~ IOqeHb ) BaHCHO nOKa3aTb, 9TO ZIHTOHIUNH -HBJIeHIIe H e CIIH-
ce6x Bee BbILUeIIepeqHWeHHbIe YIlOBHki, CMbICXe. TOT ( ( u ~ H T o H H ~ I ~aCneKT ~)) n p 0 6 n e ~ b kI 1 COCTaBJIIICT llpeA&Im kioero 6 e c n o ~ o f i c ~ sBaWCTZI Tf2l)MHHOnO~2ILIeCKOTO 06ecnese111.111.
TaKcmeeKoe, w o emIHnxtL.1 C~iHTaKcPIca: CnoBocoseTalI~Ie ~ o o 6 u He e
Am HaraJIa IIe MeuIaeT n o ~ z y w i n c aliaK , pemaIoTca cxo+qrnle3a~a~11.1 B C O O T B ~ T C T Bo6xa~~1.1 ~ I O U ~c~I.IJIo.VOT~~I.I ~~ 6onee CBeiryIJIkIMII .JUO.ii-
6yfleh1 X O ~ ~ ToseHb L AaneKo, 06pa~11hicaK y x e nonasu~efi KPYr BIIIlhIaH2IH ~01101~a()kikl Koneco~a,B K O T O ~ ~kI3MeHeO ~ ~
" ~ C C O ~ U . I ~p5I,I@l" T U B (TO, H ~ 'IT0 ~ ~ Tenepb Ha3bIBaWT " n a p a m l ~ i a ~ k l -
Il2Ie C O O T E ~ O ~ ~ I D Tpam~IOHHOrO I~~ kl IiOBaTOpCKOrO,KaIlOH2IseCKO1.0 kI UH,i@IB2inya.~HOI'O COCTaB.WCT
emi3 T . DI H e OCHOBHOe COJIepXa-
m e EIcToparI pyccKoro JnmepaTypHoro x3brna. OCi~apym~inae~ca, LITO IIOCne COTHki CqaHkIII TeKCTa cB0efi ~ o ~ o l y a ( P k i krAe I , kICnO.Tb30BaJIkiCb TepMkIIibI ((CkiHTBI.Ma))21 P e K O H C T p j ' K m Y A a p e H W R B ( ( C n 0 B e
kirope~e)),K O T O p a R
p a H e e lTpenCTaBJEULaCb hfHe B a X H b I M
uraroM BycTaHoBneHm
O Z 1 e ~ m 0qT0 ,
ero pea.m~ollnpocowlr u 7 a n o x c e H a MHOKI
B I T p O w a M M Y K O M n b K I T ~ H O r Oa H a J M 7 a ClICTeMbI 3BYKOBbIX n O B T O -
((CJIOB~)). n p a B l [ a , B CBO& peK0HIXp)'Kmu B. B. K o . l e c o B ewe H e npommn ~ a ~ ospaxne6~ocrtl fi K noHRTMKI ( ( K o n o H a ) ) u naxe o T M e r a n n p n M e p H o e p a s e H c n o mcna (>(544) B caoefi p a 7 6 ~ 1 C~ p ~a e3 6 n ~ ~ oP. f i~ E I K K P I O TeKCTa H a 1200 KOJIOHOB - ((KOnOH -- C O q e T a H H e C n O B C o 6 w 1 h l n a n 0 B b I M y n a p e H I , I e M , a pea.m~b~fi "CTEIX" "Cno~a", K a K npaalrno, COCTOUT H?
P O B ( ~ B @ O H U H )B TeKCTe
myx n a n o s b I x (T. e. a K u e H T o . n o r n w x K U
C M . ~ H ~ I Xy )n a p e ~ k ~ f i ) ) .
TO K a C a e T C R ((@OPMYJI~I)), T O 3 T O T T T M k I H , B B e . 4 e ~ H b I f ir. na~ Z I C O MB ero ~ H ~ M ~ H I pa6ol.e I T O ~ ~no a H a m r ? y s n e M e H T o B snlrqecrcoro o 6~ Oo p o ~ aK.Kk1UI.I, C T l I J H K a K 06uree O ~ O ~ H ~ Y ~ H ~PCI T~O ~ ~ % I B O p o B a t I H 0 f i @ p a 7 b 1 W.IM n e p E I O A a , t I l I H?Ha'WlJIbHO, HE1 B C O B P e M e H H O M
nOHRTMH ( ( @ o p M y n a > ) A ((ClIHTarMa)) X e X a T B
p a 3 H b I X n n o c K o c T H x ( ~ ~ n o n o r ~ ~ eaHa.rllr3a: c ~ o r o
nepsaa OTHOCUTCR
K CpenCTRaM . m e p a T y p o B e n e m I x , B T O ~ ~ RO T p a x a m ~ I H ~ B I I C T A 9eCKJ'Io
X a p a K T T E I C T l X y T e K C T a . K a K Y a C T H O e CJIe,QCTBUe
COBMCCTHOCTU, B 0 6 w e h 1 c . n y Y a e
TOG
He-
naxe . n e K c l I Y e K U e o 6 5 e ~ b(((Do~M)'1
.rlaI)) El ((CAHTarhIbI)) H e p a B H O B m t I C k 1 , q J O r u e C K a 3 a T b , @ 0 p M y n a 'IaU[e
ybieqamca B C M H T ~ ~a,~ cI ~~ p, y r o f Li T O ~ O H ~ IC, m I T a r x a ce6a HeCKOJTbKO POP MY^, H a n l ) l I h f e p , ( ( H n e w e T ropnoe ~ H ~ MCBO~OWI)). R 3necb r ~ HFI o napa c n o B , TO a o p ~ y n aTO , 6nmb I I I T a M n . TOJI~KO IT0 TOG n P I I Z I I I H e He.Tb3R COTJIaCHThCB C YTB e p m e H c r e M , TO ( ( c o n e p x a ~ e . m ~ b ~ CM~ICJI fi c p e m e a e ~ o ~ omnepa# T Y P b I - B H a K O ~ . r I e H l I F I~ O A O ~ H ~I13bIKOBblX I X @oPMY.'I)),T . e., no Koneco~y,( < @ o p h ~ y n - c ~ ~ ~ aEIr r~ )~) ((OCHOBH~IM ,o conepxcaHIIeM p a 3 Bcero He
M O X m BKlnoWTb B
~ $ ) ' H K u I ~ o H ~ . ~ H o ~ ~ BllTUX m I T e p a T y p H O r 0 R ' I b m a RBJIRJMCb KPMCTa.rlJ3I'taUUR QaMMaTEIrIecKkrx n a p a m 1 r M A O C B O ~ O ~ ~ I c.noBa I I I ~ 113 n n e H a @ o ~ M ~ . ~ I L H o ~ ~ Haue.nelIHOCTI1 PI aKTya-XbHO 311aZIlIMOMY C O a e p X a H H I o H I 1 nOHMTkII0 C w r r a m b P ) . C p e r n e ~ e ~ o mmepa-rypa, ~ax K o H e r H o , cosnaaana II KO-
y n o ~ p e 6 n e ~T~a aK lX e H e 3 K B l I B a n e H T e H
no CBO&
CIIHTaTMbI, HZ1 n O H R T H I o K O n O H a , .J3ILUb B YaCTHLIX C.TlJ'9aHX
ruaxcb c HRIM
~IPICTO@ o ~ M ~ . ' I ~ no H o o65e~y BK.mraeMoro B
Jly CJIOBeCtIOrO M a T e p l I a n a .
B
COBMe-
cbop~y-
COBpeMeHHOhl T ~ ~ M l I H O f l O r I I 9 e ~ K O M
3 ~ a s e r a 1 nolur-rlur ~1 ((@op~yna)) r n a B H o e - TO o T p a x e H l r e C B O ~ ~ C T B ~ F I ~ O X ~ O H IK IO r M~ ~ ~ I J ~ ~ X ~ O H IMFH I~ OC TK OK O ~~~~ nOBTOPReMOCTI.1, T~IO~~ ~qwLMelurehroCTF1,( ( o ~ K ~ T ~ H HBoCOnePXaTe.~HO-BbIpa3kTTCrIbHOh.I, ~o)) ~ B @ O H I I ~ ~ C KM OPIITMlTIeCKOM ~I OTHOlIIeHlIlI, B a p L U p ) ' e M O r O B K O H e 9 k 5 l X r p a H l m a X CmOBOC09eTaHIlX, C T K T E I I X F F I ~ X K OKOHLTPjXLUIII, ~~ 3nlIT e T a , Tpona, ~ C T O ~ ~ Y E I BBOb~I POa X e H M R MOTCZBa U.!I
o6pa3a.
Bce 3 T l I
COCTaB.WllOUIFle II7.qOXeHMR M O r Y T tIOCUTb ( ) o P M Y . ? ~ H ~ X I ~a ~ paKTep.
'
~ ~ I . I Y ~ C KHFa In ~p n, M e p ,
@op~y.n>r TO npe()a6p~ma~b1, o-nu.m(bo-
B a H H L I e A KaHOHI.13kIPOBaHHbIe B I ~ & I C ~ M ~ ? HIUD1 H O ~Y~C T H O ~TpamII@IFI ~ U e H T O t I H L l e 'taTOTOBKH, M3 KOTOPbIX B b I K . ~ a i t b I B a e T C R , K a K )I3 M O M I . I Y H ~ I X~
a n ~ e ciaib 1, 0 ?name c m x m ~ o fKOM~O?FILWII, i
M
.m6aa 661OCHOB-
. m H a -- H a jleBRHOLT0 n P 0 u e H T O B U e H T O H H a R KOHCTpYKLMII.
~ 0 fn i~ l 1 ~ 1 F J H 0 B f i O 3 H ~ H O B ~ I I l Ll IR) ' c T o I ' ~ B o ~ o C O X p a H e H l U l (POPMYJI, cornacHo
r. napr~cy,aamt-rcrr EIX M H e M o T e m w r e c K a a ~ ~ H K D I R .
P a 3 y ~ e e ~ cc9 ~, o f i m a @ o p ? r r y m ~M o ~ ~ O~~ J ~O R B - ~ ~w H C aR y p o B t I e 11B
rpamqax C n H T a n m , HO 9 e M Jlyqme C
O B M ~ L I Z ~ pasK ) ~ ~ ~
nrzna ( P o ~ M ~HO ~ IH ,e o r m I a a n a c b ~ a w ~p af? ri r p ?TOM, ~ noMeW a m C R m 1 (P0pMJ'~la B H e B e n O M y K l efi ((ClIHTaTh.1)')). H ~ C K O . ~ bleKO HIUr Y P O B e H b a p r y M e H T a l l r I k 1 , C K a X y Go.nee, COpeBHJrXCb C K O ~ ~ C O B ~ I M B CMGIOCTA ~ ~ B e p W e 1 3 U fYTO i, CJIOBO I J l m O r A d HC O C B O ~ O ~ J T T b13 ~R
rrorurecrcoro PI, K a K qaCTHoc-rb, c T n . m m ~ I r I e c K o r o , ~ p a @ a p e Ta, n p k I B b F N H O r 0 ura6no~a,( P o ~ ~ . I Y . ~T I. ,K. B ~ J ~ ~ ~ E I Ha KI C~l I~O MI ax- , nJreHa
r I I 9 e C K l I X OCHOBaX 9e.rIOBeYeCKOrO
MblUIJIeHLIR (N (~OPMIIPOB~HIIII
v b 1 r u n e H k I R B npouecce B O C ~ ~ I T ~ H H n He x) m n p k l a l e r n
orrpene.rrema-
Y l H a B a H l I R n y l Z M C p a B H e H R R C OCBOeHHbIM n o ~ ~ ~ k 1 e ~ - 0 6 p a 3 4 0I1h . 1 \.'CTalIOBneHAR T O X n C X T B a , P a B e H C T B a , 3KRkIBaneIlTHOCTF1, CXOnCTBa 1 1 ~ nono6urr 1 no TOMY M.rIII NHOllIY n p f 1 3 H a K Y .
I
Ecm~ x e n o c n e n o s a T b ? a M. X a i i i e r r e p o h ~ " ( ~ T eO ~ , K OA = A, 110,rnaaHbIM 0 6 p a 3 o b 1 , A eCrb A), T O 0 K a 3 b I B a e T C R l ( F I T 0 3 a K O l I T O m e C T B a coo6ruam, K o r n a M ~ nIp t I c n y m r B a e M c m K ero OCHOBEIOMY TOHY (. ..): CmIHCTBO T O m e C T B a - - 3T0 OCHOBHaR 9epTa ~ ~ I T MCYwerO)). II OCT~I r e b l c x H a no~nunax ((noqme$i ~ m a @ n 3 m l r u H , e pacnpoc-rpawrx TO ~ K O THO X ~ [ ~ I X 3B ~T O O C I I O B ~ I Onpl1HLlJIn ~~
MbIIIlJIeHIfR.
e w H C T B 0 H a 6 b l ~ aM e M b I I I I n e H U e , II O r p a H l I Y U M C H IIOHIIMaHMeM T O X -
H O H a n P a B n e H H b I e , ITepeCeKilIOKUfIeCR B O Q ~ H ~ I Y ~ H H0 6O. ~ n a~c ~ k Ino-
B e C T B a K a K C T ~ T E I C T H ~ ~ ~ nCOKMOM~I I~a H T b 1 eC.rII.1 H e ~ c e o 6 a e ~ . m w e r o
HIITFIR, c F I H T ~ T E ~ ~ ~ cKKe FH IT~a ~B p ( ( f $ ~ p ~ y n a - ~ F I ~ T a V r ~Ta b ) )C T a p O -
((6b1TnR
h l o m o r o , HO B n o m e ~ 0 6 p o ~ a 9 e C ~ ~ Oen p~ e ~ n e on erH oM H
M.n. Epe-
60r, H e M O r Y n O H I I T b . He B p a 6 0 ~ B. e B. Koxecosa, HC-
M A H a ( ( Y C T O ~ ~ ~ H@ B o~pRM y J I a > ) , y6eii MeHR T e M m 1 , 9 T O j&IH
'7a~a9,nOCTaB.rIeHHbIX
K J I I O 9 l I T e - b H 0 B a X H O 7 a r H a T b 4 0 p M y J I y B 0 6 ~ e h . 1C R H T ~ T S I ~ I ?
T H
cywero)),TO n p e x o m e r o ~ ~ I T I I YRe x o B e ' l e c K o r o . Ho c a M a ~ n m e c @ ~ oa p~~ y nHaK ~ TH e TO-m~o r e p ~ (b( C~T K ~ C ~ ~ C KMepTBeHHOCTki)), O ~ ~ CKY'IHOTO A = A = A = ..., H O npeme
B C e r O O T p a X a e T C y w e C T B e H H O e , ~ C T O ~ ~ ~ HMB H OOr O ~ K, P a T H O ITOBTOPIwWeeCR B peaJlhH0fi ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B A T ~ J ~ H UO BC X yTn O U X e C T B e H H O M OT-
p a X e H H F i 3 ~ 0 fAi ~ ~ ~ C T B Z ~ T ~ J I ~ H O MCB T3TOM M , CMbICJIe M O X H O I I p M H I I T b -
p a T y p b I IIMR
B p e M e H a , B TOM YkiLTe, B ~ ~ B H ~ ~ Y CP ACT OKP IO i K e~, ~M B COBpeMeH-
HOG, BK.TIOYaR ( ( r a ~ a ~no n eKHMTe)) A. B O ~ H ~ C ~ H C K06.naaano O T O , E.1 n p o n O n X a t T o6nanan O ~ O U M E .m I n a M E . 1 P ~ J I X I J M O H H O3HaqHMOCTH: ~ K~HT~KCTHO-OQaHHqeHHbLM,K a K ( ( c B H ~ ~ H H ~3In~e M ~ )e H ) T (POPMYJI~I,
I J H O H H O ~KOMlT03MIQII3, ~ H O C B O ~ ~ C T B O T p a X C a T b XkI3HeHHO B a X H O e , T m m e c K o e , x a p a K r e p H o e B M C T O ~ H M- r n a B H a R n p r I q m a , o 6 y c ~ a ~ rmsamwaa B O ~ H ~ I K H O B ~MHwH&~I h . I y m I p y m q a R nposecc coseprueaCTBOBaHkiR X Y A O X ~ C T B ~ H H(OP ~o ~P M ~@oPM}'X~I ~ B COAeI)XaTeJIbHOhl,
p a ~ ~ p M q e n~m~ n~ 0 i 3 i ~ ~ Y e c ~( Po Hi ~i y p b l R , KBK ( ( C B O ~ O A K ~ I9.WH ~)
pma. O m a ~ ~oC K Y C C I I Rc B. B. K O ~ ~ C O B L I M o 6 n a ~ a n oJDI CJIOBO C ~ M ~ H V I Y ~ C M KO CMHTaKCH~~ y e c K 0 f i aBTOHOMHOCTbH) 3aAO.WO A 0 EIIM~BHUII npeMyZp0r0, npH-
napamrMamsecKoro
CTIIJIIICTMYeCKOM, ~ B @ O H N Y ~ C K O M MlIII P I I T ~ l I I Y e C K O MOTHOUIeHE.II.1.
no
B ((Adnotationes)) B e c e n o B c ~ ~ OTMeYa-rI: fi ((B XZI3HM e C T b B e Y H b i e , me-I B p e M e H n , B e K a ; o v a x a a TO II myroe, ~ O ~ ~ ETO. I6mxe R n e p x a T c R ~ o n p o c coo~ speMeH-
H e I I p e x o m m eH a r a n a , M P ~ O M c HIIMII
aAeT
H a C TCME.1 O Y e B m b I M W
Aamrue B on-
MYnaMA-CIIHTaIMaMU)),
661~5111, Y T B e p X A e H k i e IICTIIH~IH".
r0 HeCKOTIbKO CJIOB-MWtQl~MeTkifi
m
3 b C~WOCTM)). m
B KaZIecTBe ~
H e n p e & T O X H T b JM 3 T Y MJWOMY B K a Y e C T B e .rMHTBACTE.I'IeCKOTO
Ho npory.ma 3 a qyxrm YMOM 6 b 1 n a ~ e 6 e c n o n e s ~X ao T R 6b1 B nnaae, YTO n o 3 ~ o . m n aC o c T a B M T b n p e A c T a s n e H a e , H a K a K o M y p O B H e HaXO&kITCR T e O p M R A n 0 H I I l T i f i H b 1 ~annapaT . r n I T ~ a T y p k I O r O 3aIIMCTBOBaHIIR B C O B ~ T C K ~ 1Om~0 ~ J I 0 r l . 1 I? ~ no K a K I l M I I p H Y H H a h l O H BeCbMa AiLTeK ewe O T C N C T ~ M H O( (~~~. T ~ T o H o B c K o ~ ~paspa6omn. ) TO
TOM
CnOBO, K O T O p O e B ~ I a X p O H I i k ci B 0 e f i 3TE.IMO.'IOTE.IM, B M O I ) @ O . W O T H ~ ~ C MCTOplIYeCKH
a, C n e n o s a ~ e - m ~E.IoB, pea!fi~oCi n p a n c T o p n n n E.ICTOPIIN TO TO H a p o a a . He 6yrrysn (P~.monoro~, n o n x e H n p m ~ a ~YTO b , R T O ~ K Oq a e M yxa mmalr o TOM, TO B O ~ ~ O cCn ~ H TI a r M a m m n M n a p a w M a m KII n p n H a w e x a T K sacny ~ a ~ 6 o n cen eo x H b I x n m c K y c c s o H I J b r x B JIMHrBHCTkIKe, ZIT0 06ycnae.rn1sae~ C y l U e C T B O B a H k i e pa3.U3IYHI.IX K O H B a X H b I e MOMeHTbI B @ O P M ~ O B ~ H H EH. 3I b I K a a a H H O T O H a p o f l a ,
L ( e n T y a . m H b l X IIOfiXOi[OB M p a 3 J M L I H b I X I J I K O n B K ~ ~ C C I I @ I I K ~ UOWT~HoIIICHHG M e w CTpyrCTYpHbIMki R3bIKOBbIAlM eJ@iHkiIJaMM
H B3T.m-
AOB H a H 3 M e H e H k i e 3 T H X 0 ~ ~ 0 I I I e ~ B k IIpOIJeCCe ifi E.iCTOpHYeCKOr0 pa3-
er0 J I E i T e P a T Y p H b I X H O p M . O ~ ~ DaXe K O a r U r M e H R AOCTaTOYHO O Y e B m e H MaKCIIMa.mI3M P0naH a Eiap~a B ero ~ p a F m nep~o m B o n o c r a a n e m w c o a p e ~ e ~ ~n o o fs i3 m K J I ~ c c W I ~ C K(a O~ OCHOBHaX ~" KOHIJenIJIvI ( ( T O p x e C T B a ) ) B I I 3 b I K e l l a p a @iIMaTWIeCKkiX O T H O I I I ~yW B.~B. Konecoaa B lTpIIHL&ilTC C O B n a a a BMTkiR R 3 b I K a , B T O M YHCJIe, CTaHOBJIeHIIH
Tep-
MMHa &W H y m n M C T o p E . 1 Y e c ~ o f iI I O ~ T I ~ K E . ~ ?
~ C K O H ~ ~coAepxaTe-n,I H O
m e 3aneYaTJIeJIO
b c(06l~w-
B b I C T y n a e T B C ~ O ~ . ~ ~ M . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ((pb16a)). @ ~ H I n~p ~a ~ H 0O, H ~
a
tl0fi @opMy.TLl C IIO-TIHblM IIl)aBOM M O X e T B b I C T Y n a T b H OTAe!bHOe ~ 0 fCiT P W T Y p e M @ O H ~ T I . I Y ~ C K O M o6
a ? ~ b no 1 ~ a
T p a @ a p m a ~ M ) ) ,((nOB&TBOBaTe.mHbIMs u 1 a 6 n o ~ a ~ k i u~ , ( ~ ~ K T M B H ~ I M
o~yrrle~E.@ A ,0 H O B O r O B p e M e H H , K O r A a ((CyUWOCTb R3bIKa I I p e A C T a B -
. m e ~ Kca~K ~
((40~ -
CTIIXM COBpeMeHHbIX n 0 3 T O B M r a 3 e T H b I e
I1 .TaKOHRYHbIM 3KBMBa.TeHTOM KOTOPbIX B P a 3 r O B O P H O h l X a p r O H e
contpxan B c e -
JIJDTBbIPaXCeHIIR A a X e H e ~ M o L & ,
a
MM MeCTaMkI)), ((CTepeOTE.IIIHbIMM ~ O P M Y ~ ~ M M ((CTII.Tll3CTA9eCKUMM )),
r I l r a H T C K p ( ~ O P M Y 3aK.TIOYaH)lUJW ~ , O H T O J I O T E . I Y ~ C K HO~ n~ b I T Y e . v o s e s e c T s a OT T ~ rrpe.ueI3, S KorAa n e K c m o H serroaeKa
HPeBHepYCCKZIe a B T O P b I H e
n o n o c b 1 n o - n p e x H e ~ y3 a n o . m e H b r ~ppyra104e o ~ o o 6 p c~oefin p k i p o A e u n p o t I c x o m e s m loki communes, TO 6 m
( ( I I ~ ~ B o H ~ Y ~ . RU3 ~b IH K ,~nIp ~a R~3 b I K - 3 T 0 n 0 3 3 1 . W KBK Y T B e p X A e H U e 3TEI n 0 3 I W E . 1 , M O X H O P a C C M a T p H B a T L H3bIK K a K O
(P~KT~MH YTO ,
kI3'bRCHIIJMCb H H NCKJ'IKIqWTe.~HO,HE.1A a X e IIpeHMJ'UleCTBeHHO
P e A e J I e H I l H c a M 0 f i OCHOBbI lT03TEIqeCKOTO hibIlllJIeHMR, Y T B e p X A a R , Y T O
~PI.MIIM~R
I I O B O m TOTO,
3 H a T b C R , IlOlYpOCTY C K y q H a , n 0 C K O l I b K Y e T O T e O P R R H m a K H e y B R 3 a -
HOCTH, T O H a X O m T C f f n O B e p X E.IX 1.1 BAa.'Di, B CO3epIJaHE.El B e K O B e Y H b I S
sx~nenaii,H e ~ H ~ I O I I Q I Xsposonon~~ru. Xafinerrep
P. E a p ~ an,p w TOM, vro B ~ ~ M B O J W M OCMn w c K e w T e nocnemero H e o 6 ~ a p y x ~ I s a e ~ cc n~ o) ~ : o w B npemue
c nolrnefi
x a ~ e r r e p o a c ~ y rr eop M e H e n m y mpesemn n a p ~ e ~ a n a "((To xe C a M O e C w b M b I I U J I e H k i e ZI 6 b l ~ ~Ae e~ C T,b A . C M 0 e f i T O W M ' I P e H N R , H e C T O - m K 0 Y T k i - m T a p H b I e 3 a A a r I k i o 6 n e r ~ e Y~C ~ T H1O~~k~i M n p O B k i 3 a -
H.lBHtlReT MOW l l O n b I T K y n o n p o 6 o a a ~ blI3JIOXEITb C O ~ C T B ~ H H He~- I ~ r;l.ITpbIe
I
coo6paxe~~.111 llo O Y e H b H ~ . T I O ~ % I M O MOTeYeCTBeHHblMH ~ ma-
BE.ICTaMI1 np emcry.
Ontpaacb H a ~ 1 e ~ a 6 m ~M oer ym p e~p m , a m , YTO aaxe Aem, nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbH0 3HaKOMRCb CPYCCKZIMU H a P O m b I M M C K a 7 K a Ma,C K a l K a M k i 6 p a ~ b e BT p K M M , aAallTPipOBaHHbIME.1n e p e J I 0 X e H N m I . I ((1000 w omofi H o r a ) ) , r a y @ on~neppo, H a w a m T y B e p e H H o p a ' b B a T b H a CXOACTBO M e w ( P p a ~ L ( y 3 ~ ~ 03 f0 i. w I I I K 0 f i
n IIaff~epHlIefi
PYCCKMx C K a 3 0 K , 1SIbIM Be.UHKaHOM WXHO-HeMeUKMX CKa3OK C B e p m 1 O J W pyCCKOr0
Po
( m a m m a c namqm-a)) c n e p c o H a x e M c K a s m i nep-
6pa~beB ~ P M M M ,C a M O H a A e H H H O r O ( ( 6 0 r a ~ b I P R ) )a 0 M b 1 C xpa6-
PbIhl n O P T H b I M ~ ~ H C O MK .o H C T ~ T ~ U H ICXOflCTBa I
no
T e M HJIH H H b W
l 1 P 1 l 3 H a ~ a COnOCTaB.WleMbIX ~ I I p 0 k l 3 B e ~ e H M f i- 3T0 I I T B a R EI O q m b
I
B a X H a I I C T y n e H b J I k l T e p a T y p H O r O a H a J M 3 a , AOCTJTIHaH, K a K BFIJlHhf,
TesnmcII
CXOACTBO M O X e T yCTaHaB.rIIlsilTbCII no COflepXdHllIO, @ o p ~ ne p a 3 m ~ a ~ b no c n c T e n e n n . K c o a e p m a ~ e m ~ coTl o p o H e B p a y J I b T a T a x c o n o c T a s n e H m o 6 b 1 n r o OTHOCHT ngeii~yw 3a~a9ynpoII3BeAeHE4, er0 @ ~ H K u ~ ~ o H Z I J I ~ Hn~PKe W ) a 3 H a 9 e H H O C T b ) TeCHO CBII3aHHyK) C B ~ I ~ O P O TeiMbI M , K a K O C H O B H O ~n ~p o 6 n e h 1 b 1 npOI.I3BeneHIIH, CWX~T-@a6yq, K a K T y K T y P b I W3 COCTaB.'UWI1II1X UOXeT. 6onee M e n A a X e AeTIIM.
KWX K O M ~ 0 3 M ~ O H H b I3JIeMeHTOB X
- MOTHBOB,
crpyrc~yp,n p n ~ e ~ x e ~CoMiCi T C ~ IT p o n o B , no
cosaxefi, n e f i c ~ ~ y w w 11m1 ~ ~TxO
~ Mo e
w
nono6wrr
6 q a m o r 0 , IIOJIe3HOrO T O ~ K OKaK no TaKOMY YIILJI)' rrp&13HaKOB, K O r n a BCXKne COMHeHEIII B 3aBEICWMOCTII ki CBII3EI 0 6 ~ ~ TOB HeB03MOXHb1, A 6omurer0 M.mI M e H b l l I e r O CXOACTBa. HeT Y H H 0 6 0 3 ~ a r e ~ 1 1~ e K C T ~ ~ M CTeneHkI ~ J ECXOnCTBa H O ~
xacm-
W m k i a J J h H b I X O Q ~ H M ~ ~ H HCO3naHklII ~ BepOIITHOCTHO-CTaTkicTkilIeCKE1X hieTOnOB O q e H K A ~ O ~ O ~ k Aim I I CXOnCTBa J I k I T e p a T y p H b I X
XeTOM A MOTEIBOM kIHOrAa T Y m O nPOBeCTM ReCTKYIO V a H k i q y , I I O -
O~X~KTOB HeKOTOPbIe ,
CKOJIbKY CH)XeT B Pme C.JI)'raeB
samcb
MOXeT CBOPaWIBaTbCII A 0 l l a 3 M e P O B
a MOTHB A.WI 0 6 p a 3 nO.rIY0 6 1 , e ~ ~ opaCUIEIpeHkIe e A 0 pa3MepOB npOCTpaHH0 p a 3 ~ ~ 1 ~ 0 f T e M b I MJUI C I O X e T a . Beceno~cmfi B CBOeM 0npeAeJIeHI.IkI MOTkiBa K a K npocrelruefi noa~opmweficrre m H n q e n o s e c r B o s a H m , ((06pa3~0 o~sernsrzreiiH a p a s a b l e s a n p o c b l ~ ~ ~ B O ~ L I T yhia)), H O ~ oOn p e n e . r I e H HO C B O ~ rTe ~ e 3 1 1 c M o T n B a K ~ n Q yK, npoc~efiurefi~ a r a m ~ oero fi @ 0 p ~ eno . A. B. Mnxafino~y,((MI.I@)) K a K ((TOTOBOe CJIOBO)) - 3T0 ((EI W J I a I I p e r b , UeJIOe BbICKa3bIBaHI.Ie, &IC m X e T , ki X a H p , K a K @ 0 p ~ a , H e p a 3 B n B a H ) I I I e r O C I I C T a T R ~ H O r OMOTEIBa, raTb
MOXHO BBeCTki K a T e T O p I m TOXAeCTBa,
~ ~ J ~ U M cH n yC vaT e BB , B~ n o m ea
B~C~~OBCKHM,
~ K On o . l I y r a m w I x a B T o p c K y m
CTeneHki
nOHffI.E4, B llpI.IMeIIeIIkiki K CJIOXHbIM JUITepaTYPHbIM o ~ % ~ K T ~BM ,
XOTX CKJIOHeH B K I W Z I a T b B KaTC?TOPHlO MOTMBOB EI ~ ~ n b 1 - 0 6 p a 3 b IIeP1 paKTepncTmy repoeB npon3sene~11.1~ Ayhiam . Tame,s
cTnmcTnrecKrIx xapaK-
TePEICIlIIC JIeKCllICI.1 TeKCTa.
B TePMEIHOJIOrH9eC-
KOM OCMbICJIeHkIA KOTOPbIX ff B OCHOBHOM CJIeAyro 3 a
- ~ O ~ T I I ~ ~ C (pcrrop~rec~nx) KNX @ ~ f r y pX , a p a K T e p a n CIIC-
T e M b I I ) B @ O H ~ IIBJIWSWH) , aHaTpaMMaTE19CClCIlX H BKPOCTlllllHblX
H ~ T i
c 0 0 6 p a ~ e ~ nno 1 1n O B O A y KOTOPbIX BblCKa3bIewe B e c e n o e c ~ k i h . ~C. ~ e n e K~ obp p e . m w w &I s e p o m o c r b reA ~ ~3BIIWCIIMOCTW C K O ~ (no ~ 0 fki m I WHO^ ~ ~ U ' I E I HC0llOCTaB.M~)
eMhIX .WTepaTJ'pHbIX
O ~ ~ ~ K TB O O 3Bp a C T a e T npOnOpmIOHa!HO
@K-
M M ~ H H OI I 0 3 T O M Y c o s n a n e H n 9 nnn cxonmsa H a @ p a s e o n o r n r e c ~yop~ o B H e normaIOTCII y @I.IJIoJIo~oB ~aw6onee A O K ~ ~ ~ T ~ J J ~ BHmICKJ'CCWIIX ~ I M H H a noT o p H a n y qkiCJIa C O B n a n a l O r n n x n p k i 3 H a K O B .
nj'!MpHyIo
T e M y 0 r e H e T n r e c K 0 f i 3aBMCZIMOCTII WJUI TkilTOJIOrU%CKOM
OCHOBH~SI Xe n n p m e H e H n r 1 aepoxrsoc-
CXOnCTBe p a 3 . W Y H b I X .rINTepaTypHbIX naMIITHkiKOB. q y m o c ~ Bb n p a ~ ~ n r e c ~p eoa f. mi I s a I l l I n
B KOTOpyK) OTJIEIBaCXCII h1blC-rib, I.1 C a Y O e MeJIKOe e m I H C T B 0 CMbIC-?a
THbIX MCrOAOB, B 9aCTHOClM, K 3 a n a r a M TeOpkiII 3aHMCTBOBaIMII, 3 a K -
(IIyCTb, H a W k I M e p , HMII C O ~ C T B ~ H H O ~eCd?E.l ), TO.?bKO 3 T 0 n P O k I C X O D I T
.TnoYaeTcrr B C J I O X H O C T H p a H X G X P O B B ~N
n 3 @oms T p a m I u m 1.1s a p a H e e n a H o
n o s v 1 m 1 n n c a T e . m o , ecm ~0.m-
0 6 ~ e m ~ ~0 qoe HfKiM 3 H a -
YEIMOCTM n p N 3 H a K O B CXOnCTBa H a p a 3 m I r H b I X C T p J X T p H b I X P O B -
KO TO 3 a ~ e a 0 ~ASLR 0 H e r o "~OTOBO''))~~.
HIIX, B
~ n e n y m w fCi T ~ ~ K T ~ ~y Hp o~sIeR~ ac o n o c r a e n e ~ nTO ~ ~ yxe sep6a.m~oeB O l l ~ O I U e H 1 4 eMOTEIBa nOCpeACTBOM 0JlH0fiki.mI H e C K 0 . n K n x *pas, nepllono~I L n a c ~ p o * (B ~ ~ B E I C I I M O C T M OT cnoc06a opra-
~ O H R T A ~ ~ H Ow I-T o e p M & I H o n o r n r e c K o r oannapaTa.
HEI3aqHki T ~ K C T ~&I ) AX COCTaB,XKfOLUEIX
H e H r t i b l ) ) K a K p o n o B o e 0 6 0 3 ~ a s e ~ nnex a p a K T e p n c r m c y m q a T y p -
- KOJIOHOB'~.
~ O C K O J I ~ K I.l Y
KOJIOH, ).1 n e p l l O A , XOTII 6 b 1 B n p e A W I a X C B O C~ ~ ~M ~ H T E I ~ ~a C BT K0O- ~ HOMAA,
o6nanam~KOHKpeTHbIM
'1HaSeHZIeM II CMbICJIOM, MX COIIOC-
OnH a K o 3 n e c b xe peam3ylo~crr *pa3eononrnecm1e Icoscrpywla1, y c ~ o i i 4IIBble O ~ O P O T ~ X I ,a p a K T e p H b I e AJuI a B T O p a , X a H p a l1.m CTZtEI, Il, n0 H ~ O ~ X O ~ M O nC pTo ~n ~c x, o m T nepexon K C o n o c T a s n e m I l o no a o p ~ e , K K O T O P O ~O~ T H O C ~ Tcnoco6 o p r a m a q m relccra (nposa, p n T o p I n e c K a x n p o 3 a , CTHUI), xanp, C T I ~ J Ia~ R ~ ~ I qI C o ~ 3 s e n e ~ nB a n . po~3~eAeHkiIIX, O p r a H A 3 0 B a I l H b I X no 3 a K O H a M pIITOpHKE1 &In O 3 T I M k i , CXOAT a B J I e H H e OCyweCTBdWeTC51T a K X e H a COAepXaTe.!HOM
SOBHe.
CTBO M O X e T OTMeWlTbCff H a P O B H e n 0 3 ~ 2 1 9 e ~ ~ 0( If )iI . I T o ~ w ~ ~ c K o ~ ~ )
cna60fi
P~B~P~~OT~HHO kl CHT ~W~ @ @ ~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ P O B ~ H
B n o m o s n e ~ l i b ~Hfai C O ~ C T B ~ H F ITOe ~p M m o n o r n r e c K o e mopreCTBO,
npeamaram B
s e mB
0 6 0 ~ T0 ~~~
M A (H( n~e pI M m e n T a n , crnepbm-
H O r o IIBJIeHNII, Y C T O ~ ~ ~ M nPOIIBSLRH)IQCTOCII, BO IIOBTOPIWUIeTOCII B pa3.rMyHbIx n n T e p a T y p H b I x
npon3sene~~ax n m l T e p a T y p a x H a npo-
TffXeHkIn 3HaYIITeJIbHOTO I l H T e p B a J I a BpeMeHH. n e p ~ a H e H ~ 0MfOi X e T
IIBJIJIT~CII
nnex, c m ~ eM~O T, ~ B , 0 6 p a 3 - n e p c o ~ a x , x a H p ,
KaII T e w m a
nosTnrec-
-C T W X O T B O ~ H p~ aI 3~ M ~ e p , c n a e M a PWTOPMWCKWX N . ~ I
n o 3 ~ n r e c ~ @q, sx xaparcrep ~ B @ O H N NT, n n rpa@nrec~ofi oprasnx ~ ~ Tne Knc r a . 3a ((+p~y;loii )) n O n p e n e n e H n e M cc+p~ynb~bmii)) M H n~p e A n a B JlRe~crr p a q n o H a n a H b I M s a K p e n n T b , w e p y ycra~osnsmeficrr TpamIurn, l T P e k i M p e C T B e H H 0 CTkIJIMCTkilIeCKkie T n b I H a y p O B H e , O r -
3nnTeT, C P a B H e H k i e , ~ 0 0 6 u e -m 6 o # Tpon, @pa3eonorns,u,c n H T a K c t I q e c K a x A npocomrecK a R KOHCTp)XuI111 B 06'be~e OTAe.rIbHOTO C X O B a , KO.QOHa, n e p t I O A a , lTpe.D,TOTeHMR W.WI C T P O ~ ) ~ I . B ~ a . U b H e f i I l I eEI3.qOTeHlII.I ~ R HaMepeH
IIIeT
~H~epTHBaTbC T aRK O r O p a 7 r p a H u r e H Z i X B W H M e H e H N k i j ' K a 3 a H H b I X
p a H ) u k i M I I C R H a R B ~ b 1 f itIJIPi C K P ~ I T ~t IIC~T~O Y H t K , tIMemTCI1 T a K T e
P a H k i Y e H H O M TaKkiMW K a T e r O P k i R M k i KBK
TVMWHOB,
OroBaptIBax
c n e u ~ a n b ~p aoc n p o c T p a H e H t I e
~OHIIT~IX
cc@op~yna)) H a 6onee B b I c o K t I e c T y n e H w k i e p a p m I z 1 T e K c T a . C y I I l e c ~ B ) . t o u ~ f iP O B e H b T e p M u H O X O r k F I e C K O r O 06ecnere11trx B e~poneficmxx 3 b m a . u Toro pasnena u c ~ o p n r e c ~ onosnnczl, fi KO~ 0 p b 1 f iC B R 7 a H C n P O R C H e l I k i e M , K a K n k i l l l e T n. A. r p k i ~ u e p ((BeCLMa , c Q o X H O ~ ~n p o 6 n e h i b r COOTHOIUeIMR T p a A k I u k i O H H O T O ki k m B t L 4 y a . m H O r O Iia9a.Q B A ~ ~ B H ~ W H A I I ~ I I JCEKi TOe ~p a~T y p e ) ) EI
-l l l k i p e
-
((B CO-
n o c ~ a s n e ~ k ict Hr e m B ~ a ~ o i i - T MO OT , ~ T 6brrb, M e p e &IB A p y r n x K n a c -
ax ApCBHOCTtI ki C P ~ A H ~ B ~ K O B ~ XK )a T) ~e T, C R no C p a B H e H l W C ~ O T ~ T C T B O MPa3BeTBJIeHHOCTbH) ,
CHVeCKAX I M T e p a T ) p nOkiCTHHe Ta.rMtIM
PI nfla.Vb~0fip31@@epe~IJJIa~EIefi C O O T B ~ ? T C T B ~ W U ~ ITepMkiHO.XOrHtI ? B CaHCKPtITCKtIX n O 3 T H K a X .
TO
H e YAIIBkiTe.ThII0, e C J E i ITPkiHIlTb
BO B H A M I H N C , 9 T O ((C n e p B b I X BeKOB J I m k i e , I I a ~ p O T R T e H I I k iII0n)iTOpa
~ a ~ e3 pf biI U no XVIII
CTO-
ThICRV I I e T 118 O ~ I ~ ~ ~ I H A I I ~ ~ C K O M
QeBHkiMki
n 0 3 T a M I I , TpY,I@lO ~ a f i ~ 1TeMY, .1 K O T O P O ~6~ ~ 1 0 ~ 1H. e1K a C a -
!MCb. ~ O ~ T O MHYY T H O JIIILUb C T a p a T b C R TaKOBYIO COBepIlIeHCTBO-
((Pawerue~xapan p u c o e m I H R m c r t K TO MY M H ~ H M K ) , nnrpII~rlep,- C O ~ O B O ~ K YTO O ~ ~H, a p W C nPOU3BeAeHIIRMI.1, O n n -
Ran)).
-
3 n a ~ e m TaKnx~
X
O "H Be
pons n O 3 T , K O T O p O r O P a A X e I U e K x a p a H a 3 b I B a e T YHHTaMaHI.1 " B O J I I I X ~ ~ HK ~a M I ~e ~ H b TeIIaHtIfi"),
qaiko pemco, OH - " ~ ~eT O ~~ zO r p a "(anaym~a), H n 0 T O h f y 9akih.IPawerue~xapaname ~naccn@wut~pym &Ixap a K T e p k i 3 y e T , C ero TOYKN 7 P e H I I R , ~ e ~ 3 6 e m B~ nb0 13 3 U k i Ii O p r a H H YecKw efi n p n c w . 3 a u ~ c n o s a ~ (sapana) ne~ Pawerue~xapa~a3b1sam" n p t ~ ~ e 6b1no HCH e H I l e T a K O r O COYeTaHIlR C n O B a ki CMbICIIa, K O T O P O e nO.Qb30BaHO HAR
-
A p y r ~ ~ u & "3 , COOTBCTCTBeHHO p a 3 n e J u r e T 3 a n M C T B O B a -
110~06~ TOMY, 0
~ 0 fni0 3 T I I K H : @ O P M ~ ICXOBI"
nollla, ki T. n. -H a ' ' ~ ~ M M C T B O B ~ H ~ I R (ma6nampana) ki " ~ ~ I I M C T B O B ~ HC~ M I R ~ I C I(I ~ a "p ~ -~ d
xapal~a).K n e p B o M y p IOlUJIe
PyIouee c J r O B 0 ( ( H e B e ~ . Q a C H O M yki TYTHHBOMY)>, n 0 3 B O J I I W L I p X H B ~ I T ~ I B b I p a X e H k i e ki I I O f f r B e p X A e H k i e MOtIM B e C b M a CMYTHbIM HaYa-QbHbIM
wr
npemoxoxeHkixM
n n o ~ e 3 a XOTX ~ ,
6b1, H a n p n M e p , B O T H O I U ~ H ~ I I I
r r p k i c y ~ c ~ s uBr r((Cnose))@ k i r y p c c p a 3 n c ~ e ~ ~ x3bnca~, o r o xapaKTepH b I X AIM A p e B ~ e - k i p J I a ~ ~ n03311M, ~~ofi
norm
a B C ~ H C K ~ H T C KTOe p~M~k i H O -
((mlem-ra))EIJIEI runema, TOJIbKO B K p a T I I e I I 0 7 H a K O M . W W i T a T e J I X C TCM, K a K O~CTOR.QOneno C ( C T e O p t ~ e f i3aHMCTBOBaHkIR)) y U H ~ ~ ~ C K l T 0~3 T IO X- Q O ~ O B ,n0 ~ a ~ 6 o n e e I I p e n C T a B k i T e J I b H O M y , COrJIaCHO r p m ~ e p yE,I 7 9 0 X e H M K , 7 ~ 0 f Ti e O p k i H y E I W ~ ~ C K O ~ OTeopmma n o 3 3 n n P a w a r u e ~ x a p b ~ Yxe . B X B. OH tntemu1tIx
Towoe
WMeIIoBaHkie
-
~ 0 6 b Y1T B e p T A a T b , CCbIJIaSICb I l a MHeHWe CBOkiX n p e m e c ~ s e ~ ~ m o ~ - y ~ k i(asapbu): ~ e n e f i ((Ha nym, n p o n o m e a a o h 1
k i M e e T OCHOBaHkiR,
K a K n e . J C R A p y T k i e K a T e r O p k i t I CaHCKptITC-
anaHKapb1, WHbI,
no ITO3THreCKOMy WCKYCCTBY (B " M c T o ~C ~~H C K P Z I T C K OIIO~TEKEI" ~~ C. K. Ae (Ae, 1976) YnOMRHYTO 6onee 550 H a 7 B a ~ k i f Ti a K t I X T p a K T a T O B ki H e M e H e e 400 MMeH tIX a B T O P O B , 1 1 0 N 3T0 AaJIeKO H e n0nH~IB A X nepere~b),K O T O P b I e tIT1)a.TCI ki B K ~ K O ~ ~ - M TO q e no U I X nop n r p a m T saxaefiuyo p0.m B - m i ~ e p a ~ y p ~EIoK fYi . ~ T ~ P HmO 3~ -~ HH kim~))~~. O n n p a x c b H a h i o ~ o r p a @ t wn. A. r p n ~ u e p aKOTOPYIO, , npzi
na-
(~YKB.
ec.mI I4 B l X p e V a f l C R , T O cIPe3BbI-
CTBoBaHnx, K o T o p b I e
,%ITepaTypHOM R 3 b K e CaHCKpEITe ~ L U M H a n k i C a H b I COTHki T p a K T a T O B
I I e p B O M 3 H a K O M C T B e C H e m , R YWT2l.Q ~ ~ K B ~ J J K ~ aEKI OTKPOBeEIUe, O
Y KOTOPbIX t I C T 0 9 H M K a H e T , W YTO COmem ce6e p a s ~ b ~ xO" .m a ~ no~106~oro o
C T W U I B n O j M e OPkiTkiHaJIbHbIe,
a 3 p ~ OH ~ yO T H O C ~ T~ ~ U M C T B O B ~ I I ~ C L oI xI ,p a H r t -
ki CMbIUI, ki C.rIOBeCHJ'F0 @OPMY neI)BOkiCTOYHHKa, & y KIa 3 b I B a e T
BHYTpki H e r 0 I I R T b P ~ ~ H o B u A H o C T 38IIMCTBOBaHtIR ~~~: OTAe.rI6HOTO
cnosa, racrw cmxa (naa), n o n y c T t I r u n R , C T ~ O @ ~nI n
p o n 3 ~ e ~ eB~ ~ r t
UeIIOM. ~ ~ H M C T B O B ~ H I no-WCTIILIMR, IR ~Tp0@b1 t I nPOtI3BeneHkiR OH B
nprniwne onepram, a ~
~ ~ M C T B O O B T~ A~ ~I . R~ H ~CIIOB IX
n C~IOBOCO-
Y e ~ a l l~p t Id? H a e T n O n y C T I l M b I M TO.XbKO B T e X C-WYartX, K O r n a Opki-
r m a n H e n M e m cnem@t~sec~ofi, n m ~ n n y a . m ~ ootKip a c K n : H e COnepmn-r "nrpb~C ~ O B "(mnema), ~ B ~ K O I M (Cm ~ ~ a ~ aX)a ,p a K T e p H o r o o n H c a H k i R (ynne~xa) ~.r T. n. M ~ a q eT O B O P I , 6 ~ ~ ~ a J J h ~nbO 1B Tf Oi P C J I O B ~ C H(POPM~I, O~~ n0 Pamame~xape,s a K o H o M e p e E l , e m pesb z mopacnpocrpaHeHmIx, 0 6 U l e n p k i ~ R ~m b Ir~u e , 6ym T O , H a l l p t I M e p , n O C T O r t H H b I e 3 n U T e T b 1 , C p a B H e H H R H J M 3 n H Y e C K k i e @oI)MY.Q~I)).
n p o n y c ~ an p~n B o m M b I e n p m I e p b r , npononxy n3nome~ne 3 a n ~ c n o ~ a ~B n~ fH i ~ E I ~ Cno3~tnce. K O ~ ~ E m ~ a m c ~ ~ cnosec~ofi o ~ a m @ O P M ~ In w ~ f i n03~0.aor c ~ ~ cmamno~ Y C T H M ~ I BM o~ r e H b O r p a H n Y e m b I x npenenax, TO (cropasno runpe II c~o6omeeTpalCTyeT O H 3akiMCTBOBaHNR C M b I C n a BbICKa3bIBaHkiX C a 3 M e H e ~ n@ e O ~ P M ~ Iero s b r p a m e m x (ap~xaxapana). Cpejpi~nxOH K n a c c ~ @ m a m BWOB ~
B b m e . M ~Y m b r p e T k i I I a II B K a T n O M TIIIIe 3aHMCTBOBaHkiR -BOCeMb
p a s ~ o ~ u a ~ o cPaau ~ e ic.o K p a u l e H u n u s n o x e ~ u nu B qennx 06ospnM o r o n p e a c T a s n e H u n ~ c eCiu c T e M b I , npeo6pasym u s n o x e ~ u e ~PUH-
IIIeKXapa
U e p a B Ta6JIliqHylo ~ O ~ M Y .
T a R , YTO O W 1 O C O ~ ~ H H~O . I I ~ ~ O ~ I ~ ~ L AeMOHCTpaIll.I&I T R ~ K J T CO~CTB~H-
n p k l s ~ a ~ A03BOJIeHHbIM a x B T O P O ~T~k m 3aIIMCTBORaHkIII,
oco6e~~ P eo K O M e H n y e T ~ p t T ~~f iI
P a ~ a -
~ ~ T B ~T MPn bT1 , ~C'IMI ~
HOG uIIatIepb1 H T a n a H T a n o 3 ~ an. o c n e m i i TTn n a m t c ~ ~ o ~ a r r kK ~a Ki i , nonaram rparrqep, c B m a H c T p a m w r o ~ i r r b r M n o - n u s e c K n h l r r ~ y p H k I p a M k I , ( ( K O T O P b l e 6b1111.1 aroxnclcne B syHO
omnsacrca
CTOJIb n O n Y J L I l P H b 1 B C p t : m e B e K O B b e 11 H a
3 a n a ~ ekr, H a B o c ~ o ~ e M > >B .npemme H a I u e r o B H n x r a t r w n - ((Crro~e o n o m y Mrope~e>) -- RCHO p a ~ r n r r a r o ~ MOTEIBLI c~ ConepHmecTBa 2 l B T O p a C ~ O R H O M ,B K O T O p b l X M O X H O B b l A e J M T b (PIIT)~)LI ( ( n e W l T M npeeMCTBeHHOCTk1)) ( n p ~ ! l ~ n T e ~ k la eB T O p O M Tpl/AHy( ~OEECTEH),
(cP.: A HE no 34MblWEo~Hw), ( ( O K a 3 a H u R n O 9 W d ) ) (0 E o r w , COAOBHlo CTaparO KpeMeHH ...) M, O A H O B p e M e H H O , < < 6 1 1 T ~ bH l a nankllJaX)> ( H ~ O H E I Y ~ C K O ~ (cnPOTMBOCTOIIHkIII)), ((OCnaPkIBaHkIX OCHOBbI))
AeHHto
O T H O I I I e H l 3 e K n p e m U e C T B e H H k K y B a K p O C T k f X e , COMHCHkIR B e1.O C n O C O ~ H O C T ~HIa ' I b I B a T L B e W I CBOMMH H M e H a M I I , B WICTHOCTkI, He.Tn-II[en-
roporo npopacramr
PkIIITtIO ~ 3 0 6 p a X a K ~ I bI B X e C K M e AeRIlklII, P k I C O B a T b K B p T H I I Y ~0661m ~ iBi ~ ~ ~ . ~ M ~ I N ~ C K O - I ~ O H I .aIHYeW~:oK~On~ m ~ ,n i e w a p ~~ooi i~ a m HOCTII: N e q p a c o u o ~ u3anece upe3.b noAa urnpoune - rar\nqn CTQbl
EiEXaTh K%
A o B€AHuoM\~). ~ KOH~YHO R ,tit:
llPH3bIBilIO
B q ) t i y T b C % K C B H C K P ~ I T C K OCkICTeMe ~~ KWACCM@~IKB~JIIH H ~ T I I ~ I ~ C K O ~ O U e H K e ~ ~ ~ I M C T B nOCKO.TIbKY, O B ~ ~ ~ ~llJ)M ~ , BCeM y B a T e H k 1 l l K n p a O T I [ y k r r i n o e ~ p o n e i i c ~I ~~ x~ ~ ~ I KBO ~B ,I mr I ~ ~ a f i ' m m c aceiisac e B p o n e e q , c n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ b l fB ib l r O B O P k I T L 6 e 3 3 a n k I H K E I ( ( n : l p a n y p a n p a B e u I a c a a p k I I U a > > kIJII.1 ( < ~ ~ ~ H L l p 8 B W ' I 9 x I . I 1 T k I ) )1,1 0 IICTXOe JHilKOXICTBO OTe9t'C T B e I l H b I X .rIIITePaTJ7POBeAOB, o c 0 6 e 1 1 ~ 0P b R t I b I X l l t l q k I O T O B TCJTTO-
6 n a ~ k i T 1 i 0 f i kt 6 e n o - ~ k 1 1 1 e - ~ p a c ~ orfni r ~ q ) a ~ y p ~ rcoci c i a~oc~~rfi~ocI
-
CO B ' l r . m a M H
CBOMX ~ ~ ~ B H ~ ~ I H J @ I G CKKOH J LXl e l CYk1Ta.T
6b1
o % H b n O J I e 3 H b I M . ,&El 1 . 1 3 b l ~ K a ~B~Of ~i ~ I I ~ CCOBeTCKOTO TW .TJITeI,a'TypOBeireHM%
no~pe6ymc11, no-BkI~hIOhIJ',
1r116ym l l
p ~ ~ ~ ~ f k1 i ~3 b~ l ~f 9i ~ T belP M f ik I H H a OCHOBe
1.1 C a M O M y B R e C T l I K ~ K o ~ - -
6naropomoro
C a H C K p H T C K O r O K O P H R , H a r I p k I M e P , IlpAXapaHNTb. f l 0 ~ 0 3 p e ~ k l B% l l p k I 9 a C T H O C T k I K ( ( O Q a W I ' I e H H b I M XJ'il7HbIX
TeOpMm
6
~
n03kITPIBMLTOB)) M (HO > ~K * a. K O U e H k I B a T b ,
A3BeYHbIX C m X t T O B B I I 0 3 7 E I I I , npOAO.r[Xa.Q:
( ( A O ~ B O ~m 1~HI BI O' 3 ~ 0 i i
,L',
H a n p H M e p , J'pOBeHb M ~ T ~ ~ o ~ W W O C PiT cWW M B O J I H ' I ~ C K O HaQy3KEI ~~
06nac~11I I O C T a B k i T b BOIII)OC 0 TE.IllEIYeCKEIX C X e h l a X , 3 a X B a T b I B a K ) w k I X n O J I O X e H H 5 l 6 b 1 ~ 0 ~ 0Af i~ ~ ~ C T B I . I T ~ J ~ ~ H O O CA TH AO; P O A H b I X H.%I
( ~ M T ~ Km%a H b T e , n p e n 0 n c a a . b Y p e c n a B a w r r wcrneoro: w 0 6 r r e ~ m l i c bs'b ~ P O H K npaBeAHOcTU, ) B 0 6 y e . b HOrll B'b rOTOBHOCTb ~ J I w o B ~ C T B O B ~MIiP'b. T~
C X O m b I X , n O T O M Y Y T O B C I o W O H H 6 b U l M B b I p a X e H W e M O ~ I E I X1.1 T e X
x e a n e r a ~ n e s ~c xi e; M a x , n e p e A a s a s u r l I x c s B p q n o ~ o n e ~ w fKia,K r O T O B b I e 40p~yJlb1,cnoc06~b1eOXEIBIITbCR H O B b I M HaCTPOeIIEIeM ,
A n a l i e BCerO B03bMFITe W l l T b B e p b l , KOTOPblMb B03MOXeTe y l - a a i T b BCe pi3CKa'IeHHblH c r p e n b l JIyKaBarO; 1.1 UlJIeM'b CnaCeHwH B03bMklTe, A MeYb A Y X O B H ~ I ~ ~ , K O T O P ~ eCTb I ~ CJIOBO I;oxH~?))
C T a T b CWIIBOJIOM, B b I 3 B a T b H O B O O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B B~ H T OHMR CMbIC-me, B K a -
661~100 H O B O O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ HB A~ TI kI IXn e ? ) ) O T B ~ Y ~ R Temc Ko.meco~a o ( a ' o p x e c T B e > ) nap a p E I r h . r a T E I r e c K I I P a C K O B a H H O r O C n O B a B C O B p e M e H H O M R 3 b I K e II .mITepaTJ'pe,Becemo~C K I I ~nI)OTH0311pOBa.rI: ~ ( ( C O B P ~ M ~I I H O BH e C~ T BRO B a T e J I b H a R JElTepaTypa C ee c J I o K H 0 f i C I o X C X H O C T b M W ( ) O T O T ~ ~ ~ I I Y ~ C M IBOCllPOW?BeM KOM B b I l r r e r O B O p e H O
Eq5ec. 6: 14-17
3apaHee Ha
H e y x ~ oanocTon lIase.m npw3b1san e@ecas06nara~bcrrB pea J I b H b l f i , B b I p a X a I I C b C O B p e M e H H b I M R3bIKOh.1, n0JIHblfi ~ O ~ K O M ~ J I ~ K T &Wl '3aWJITbI
O T ( ( ~ 0 3 H e GAI.IBBOJIbCKMX5, n p O T E I B 5 A y X O B 5 ' l . ~ 0 6 b 1
AeHWeM A ~ ~ ~ c T B E u ~ . ~ HnO-Bl4.L@ihfOhIy o ~ W YCTPaIIIIeT CaMJlo B03MOX-
n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ 0Br oon p o c a ; H O K0rA.d AJIH ~ Y ~ I I J J I Xnoeonea~fiO H a a ~ ox ef ~i a n e ~ IoI Cn T O ~ E I ~ ~ C nepcnemme, KO~~ K a K AJH I H a c ~ C B H O C T OT ~ , A O E I C T O ~ H Y ~ C KAO O~~ c p e m e s e ~ o ~ o Kf io,r n a CEIHTe? B p e b I e H W , 3~01-o~e-mmoroy n p o c T m e m , n p ~ a m no c n o x a o c ~ a fIOCTb
n a s a r e ~y r a y m a T b , rTo amop c(Cno~a>) H e o - r r a . m n s a ~ r c ~ OT 06p a 3 ~ 0 - C M ~ I C J @OPMY.~I~I I O B O ~ ~ CTAXa ((KTo 3aTBOpW.l M o p e B O p O T a MII...)) (MOB. 38: 8), K o r A a nwca.1 rwnep6onasec~wnpo n o Y T a
OYYTEITCII B ~
IIBJITI&HEI~~, C O K p a T A T EIX
C B e p X 5 e C T e C T B e H H O e MOrYlUeCTBO f l p 0 ~ a B ar a . m I 4 I C o r 0
A0 Be-IDIYIIHbI TOYCK, \ ' X O m m X B r . ~ 6 b ,HX
PIIB5
.'MHI.IkI COJKbmTCR C T e M I I , K O T O P b I e 0 T K P b I B a H ) T C I I H a M T e I I e p b , K O r A a M ~ OI r m H e M c R H a A a n e K o e
-
c;-
((3aTBO-
BOPOTa)). C W ~ I B O J I H Y ~ C K O3 H ~ a Y e H I I e TOI)OACKEIS B O P O T ,
~ o o 6 w eI,W ~ L I X B p a T , ppepefi n O T O M y H (>~'. HeK O T O P b I G EICTOPI.IKW P Y C C K O ~U~I I T y a T J ' p b I WYIIIe
npepJIOr.IDI
6 b 1 OCTaTbCII
np%Moe OTHOIIIeHIIe K BbIlrreCKa3aHHOMY E M e e T 0 6 I I l q H b G CnI.1COK H ~ C O O ~ P ~ ~ H On pCe T m a~M~ e~p e, H H b I X T e p M W H O . T I O ~ Y e C ~ ICmI.1X
A. C. ~ W X ~ Y G n o s m a ((Cnosa o nomy Mrope-
TOB, H a T R X e K 1.1 W I I M b I X W C K ~ X ~ H AA~O ~I I Y , UIeHHbIX
B ~ I Mnpa o n p e n e J I e m n HCTOKOB Be)).
B ~ R TH~a n, p H M e p ,
CHapIIXeHIIR
ewe c 6
58
- MeY,
Y T B e p X A e H I l e , YTO I I p e A M e T b I BOEIHCKOTO
U H T , K O n b e , CTRT,
~ 0 ~ 3 0 B~e K0a ,~B n0e p B b I e
.vI? C T P e m I ,
- kI3BeCTHbIe
npaoi5pem1 m a r e m e o n p e A e n e H -
LA.
n o s ~ ((Cnosa ~ ~ y o nomcy Mropese)) II yxe r o B o p E m 1.1 B ~ I H ~ X A ~ H 6 y ~ ~y O B O ~ I IuTB~~ a m ~ e f i m e ~ . K O H H O T H~a~v Y~X, e H N e CnOB ( ( B p a T a H , ( ( m e p t I Y CEIhfBOIIklYeC-
Ha
6e3 pjX, Y e M COrJIaCWTbCII C 3 ~ 0 fMbIC.?EbH) i B~C~~OBCKO~O.
-
o ~ H IC~~, n m e ii M~IUIHH~I~~, y n o n o 6 n e ~ n x ~6n0 ~ l I aBOJtKy, a B HeKOTOpblX HHTeplTpeTaDlxx ,reKcra M ~ I I U ~ npkncnamIsamcx ), n smITer TmpaGoc -AsepHOG, K a K K ~ O X ~ C T B YOTBPaqaIOIIleM)" , OT AOMa, I'OpOna H.rM ICPenOCTPI Gem1 EI HeCYaCTbX. y PEI?vIXHH npOUeHypa o @ n m ~ a n b ~ oOr~o~ I I B X ~ H RB IOI ~ ~ HeH ~ I YeCKRX nposasu~ (nmetic~~ii -- B
Cp. C
-
nOCpenmBeHH0 6brrra CRX3aHa C TOpXeCTBeHlIblM p&lTyanOhlOTnHpklHIlR BpaT CBRT&I..MII$3 6ora B O ~ ~ HMapca, ~ I B MtlpHoe BpehiX 3anepTblX M TWaTenbHO OXpaHHeMbIX:
E a b oGblqafi OAIIH B r e c n e p ~ ~ i j JTaunn: c ~ o ~ npexne C s n ~ ero o Gnmnii ropona anb6a~qea, a HbIHe PIIMnep~aB~b1fi 6nrone~, H a Y I i H a R Mapcosbr 6pa~11. reTah1 nn OH ~ O T O B ~ I~T o f i 11 ~ nnaqeBHym y yqacrb, B ~03HblfiIln~JlHIIOXOJ Ha rnpKaH, a p a 6 0 ~H IIMAOB, LLIner nir ~oiicliaHascrpeqy sape. s ~ o ~6H ~ Y KnerHoHoB I I PIIMCKIIX O T H R T ~y I I ~ P ~ Il lI oHs .n ~ a m sce ~ Ralc C B R T ~ I I I H ) Aeepn a~0)THble B O ~ ~ H nepeaMapc0~ ~I, RpOCTHblM B ClpaXe; Ha CTO ~ C O B O B OHU n3 xe.ie3a H Mean H ~ e x H n 3dnep~b1,11 HI1 H a M H r He OTXOAMT 6~il~tXbHblfi ~HYC. HOKO.lt, B CekIaTt:OT4;bI nopeUIaT, YTO B0fiHa ~ e 1 1 3 6 e x ~ a . Ko~cyn TOrna. o 6 n a ~ ~e ~ O - ~ ~ ~ I ~H H ane CTO KW I I~ 0 r 0 f i k i KBHpHHBIIbCKIIM nJBUOM, OTBOpReT CKpllny~lleCTBOpbl, r p d ~ m iHa l ~6nmy 30B62T, I1 3a HHM IIn]FI. OH11 CnenOM. B xpllnnbre ~py6b1 T ~ Y ~ R T0~06peHbe , CBoe 113%HBnRR. 3. VII: 601-615; chi. niarcxe 3. 1: 293-294
npn06pe~e~k11.1 CkIMI3OJIli4eCKI.IX (PYHKUEI~~ ~ o A ~ . w ~YM TO~BnOJI, He conocraBmo c 3 a ~ a c ~ a 1 1 ~ uyncoii oti o POCCEIII poDIae cnoHOB. E c Xe ~ I.ICXOmKb R3 MeHee 3KCTpaBarBHTHbIX, HOpMaJIbHblX n p e n c ~ a s n e ~o~n~pi ei e ~ c ~ s e ~ ~~occe ri~ine n o s e ~ ~ e cT~ o~ iM nare i, esponeiic~oii~ y m ~ y p bTO l , ctIh1aonma, c ~ r 3 b l s a e ~ a Beprn.me~ x c r~annpa~xneh~ n OTnnpaHneM B O ~ O T ,npwxoxuMa, w o s e ~ hs(p@e~THBHO, K paCKp blTPW EIe 6 y ~ s a n b ~ o rCo MbICJIa CQOK ).~ O ~ T O MHMetT Y CMbICJI IIpki1.13nc~opkikiCayna n Aaswa:
C ' b HHM'b
I u a p . 23: 12
n o ~ c e fBi ~ ~ O R T H O C TM ~ ~O, H O M OnIlpatTcx ~X H a ?TOTme 6116-
!IeficKkifi TeKCT, H a l l p H M ~KrM qepe3 K B K O ~ ~ - T O~ T ~ O M ~ X Y T O ' I H ~ I ~ ~ HCTOqHHK, KOrAa BCnOMEiHaeT B ( ( n o y r e ~ m i (ABTO~I.IO~T)~@RA) )) 06cTomemcTsa cBoero ucxona n3 Y e p ~ t r r o s actH KI.I~~OXOMV, IM cemr a r o 6opnca ~ e t i bnc Yepnnroea, n ~XAXOMT. c ~ e o s enonu~.~ nonoebucKne, ne EX 100 Apymnne ( c q y m a ~ o i~iA C J I O MMeHee COTHH qenoBeK. A. r.), C% AeTMIl, C ' b XetidMtI. kI O G A t l 3 4 w C I I HA MAC% a u u K O A ~ Ucromqe, n o n nepeeosa, n 3% r0p.s; E o n n c e r r u l Eopncx ne Aa urns mene e x K O ~ I J C T ~ , tieepexetin AowoXoMa HepemcMento>>.C p a ~ ~ n : -
ki cKasa! A a s n ~r:o c n o ~ t rEome : kispaiine~! pa6 T B O ~ycnbrman, ~ YTO Cayn x o s e r n p e i i ~B ~ iKennb, pa30pMTb r O p O n pmll .MeHn,
N p f ~ &isip;b: f Ibcno~n &xf Icpamfe%, cnuwas% ycnullra pas% reoh, m ~ no u p n Cayn% npimn Ha Kfinh, pacrnmn rpmene p m . I u a p . 23: 10 O m a ~ Ho e O ~ T OOJ I ~ K OxpnmnaHcKoe MmocepmIe, no ~ c e t i
Bnam~kipaM O H O M PaCCTaBaTbCH ~X~ C KEIRXeHkieM. OH 9YBCTBOBan HelIaAeXHOCTb
BCpOHTHOCTH, 3aCTaB.ruIJIO 60raTblM r O p O A O M ki
62
E.A.
T o r ~ nOAHRnC24 a Aasn~n a JIIOAU erO,OKO!lOLUeCTn COT% YGJIOBeKb, I I sblmnn 113%Keins, n xoAnnn, rne Morna.
.................................................... Cayna scKaqa ero ~ c a ~ iAeHb, fi HO E o n H e npeAana (Aasnna) BX
pyKn ero.
Pa3~or~em B rkicnax e ~~'~HCHX TeM, ~ TYTO C HB PYCCKOM
BoUe YqTeHO
nepe-
3HaYeHkie, npkiBeAeHHOe B ~ B ~ ~ ~ CTeKCTe K O M~ H ~ J I I . I W ,
HO npkl C M ~ I ~ O B OEIM@ p a s e o n o r n s e c ~co6~m x e ~ u u TeKcroxj ((no-
o 6 p a 1 ~ e ~ nMon HOMaXa K ' I H C ~ O B OXapaKTepklCTEiKe. ~~ Apyrk~eXe BhIJ&?JIeIiHbIG noJ~WPHLIM ~ U @ T O M napanne.m, n o - ~ o e ~Hye ,~ p e 6 4 1 ~ 0 ~o n o . m ~ yYeHkiR))l4
6~6~1nl-I c)Tb
BaXHO H e ?TO, a C a M @KT
Te-rIbHbIX 0 6 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ a t 1 1 B~ BIX 1 f'1pe3~b1'1afit10fi i O ~ ~ ~ ~ H O - C MI.1~ I C . ~ O )TaK s r o npemfie YeM AOKa761BaTb, WO l l k i ~ b h i e ~ ~ IlepeBOn blfi A O r O B O p a 945 r. ocylseCTBJIeH npki Dope H BO BpeMeHa Mroprr, H a n O flOKa3aTb, YTO KHX3b Mrollb ~ o o 6 m e stmen TeKcT noroBopa. Jlmomlcb naeT Har.mmoe
I
cpe6pe~-
He 6yny roBopaTb HII o npenenax T O ~ H O C T ~cq)amrpa(bn~ecI o TOM, ZITO r ~ e 3 -
mOpY KHII79
KHX a n a n e o l p a l $ a ~ e c ~Mm~ O X O B AaTrIpoBKn, HII
BOBCKaH a ~ 4 0 p BnoJIHe a MOrTIa 6 b 1 ~ b IlpklB0.1~0#, C Y m UIO rpa(blMe
KOMEITICII
\
n0CnC:mee BpeklIl, K p O M e I I ~ B ~ C T ~HHamlICkI IO~ Ha rHe?nOBC-
TOMY, YTO nOC.Qe BO3BpaWeHkIX I.17 K O H C T ~ ~ I T ~ I H nocAaHnn O ~ O . W me
r.),
1
npll I~epeMOHllHnpllBeneHllH CJIaBHH PI p y C O B K pOTe l I KpeC-
TY? T a ~ a nXe KapTlIHa COcTaBneHaa n O r O B O p a El KSUITBbl OnlICbIBamcrr noA 972 r. npw Csrr~ocnaseI. Cym no BceMy, rperol npmasamI H e o r e m 6ommoe 3HaLleHlIe IIHCbMeHHONy l l e p e B O n y CBOHX .QOrOBOpOB C HerpaMOTHblMlI C e B e p HHMH CocemMa, ec-mi 3ac~an.m.m.1 ux BO B C ~ Xc.vIarrx npHIiocHTb ~OnO.THHTe.VbHyH,nplIcRry H a OpyxlIll CBOUM II3blLleCKllM 6 o r a ~ , cnpaaeamBo nonararr, YTO :1)1ZIHarr YCTHaH m T B a 113bIYIilMa 7 ~ a WIT am rlero ~ ~ o6omrne, r o seM KYCOK ~ e . m ~ ~ bKOXEI e f i c 11L'notIIlT-
nocnom, T. e. B ~ Y Y I I Tero ~ MM, nocnaM p y c o ~T . O-~K BOT O
HeHCHO, 0 ZIeM TYT HneT pe'Ib
ne
He rrpHnomrTcrr coMHesaTbcs T O ~ K OB nepeBone YCTH~IXpereti no-, cnoB MropIl H a rperecKm11.1cymecmosalIaa rperecKoro TeKCTa no-\ roaopa 945 r. C r a s r r ~ c ~xe ~ ~C tAi H X ~ O H Hm ~ Ic~ b ~ ~ e ~ ~TeKcT b ~ fne-' i peBOAa Bno.me M O T OTCYTCTBOBaTb:lIHaZIe 3aWM 6b1n o ~ a ~ 0 6 ~ 1 1 0 c b YCTHOe e7nomeHHe conepmalrkrH noroBopa ckmaMt1 B ~ I ~ ~ H T U ~ ~ C K I I X
1.1
conepmaHm Hamnca -ropyaqa ema mi BxomIna B w c n o pac-
IlpOCTpaHeHHbIX CpellM MeCTHOrO HaCeJIeHkIR npHnpaB. 06pawy BE@]-
R
AlaHIle H a TO, ST0 ~ O J I ~ ~ ~ I U H C THaXOnOK BO B H ~ ~ H T H ~ ~ cBK OC ~TIO X ZIH , bIX
a 3anamoesponetic~nxMoaeT, p a ~ r n m ~nbxl 0~ ~ a6 n e q a ~ e tcnenai H b l 6 b 1 ~B ~1 Y3JIOBbIX T O Z M a X
-
TOprOBbIX 11-rnTOprOBO-a)DfkIHIXcT-
PaTABHbIX lNmTpaX k1 llOCeJIeHIlrrX ApeB~efi PYCLI, TaKHX, KaK
C~apaIl Pyca, Jlanora, ~ C K O B H , o s r o p o ~6enoo?epo, , ~ H ~ ~ A O Kaes, B O , ne-
PeRCJIaBJIb. paCnOJIOXeHHhlX H a W3BeCTHbIX N7ApeBJIe TOpTOBbIX Pi
npo~~sae~ew pycc~oii rii m e p a T y p b l . He ~ e p x ~ e asrmGc~aCi e ~ reHEICB mqe W e ~ c n r ~ HFI p a rpaHa caoero s e m m n ~ a q ~ . ~ o ~ a r n ~ o r o c ~ o e o 6 p a 7 anOTOMy, ~ rT0 nOAaBJunoqee ~ O J I ~ L I I M H C T B O CIOXeTHbIX 7aMbIcnoa a~~-m&ic- npaMaTypr s a m m y a y caoax npemuecmeHHHKOB M COBCeM IJe O ~ R ~ ~ T ~ J I ~y HCOOTe'IeCTBeHH1KOB. O
Kasan mrrepaTypmIe m o l n a w l C I O X ~ H O -6y~1b~ofi @a C X ~ M L ((CnoI sa o nomy Mropesen, ero xaHpoaoro ctc~oeo6pa7~~)), ero ~TKTDICT~MIIa $paseonortin, onpeaemm, Krraccnrecwle npoo6pa7b1 ero nepCoHaXefi, YCTaHOBATb TeCHp CBR7b eTO n03TkiKI.I C 6onee paHHefi 11 C M H X ~ O ~ I HeBponefi~K0fi O~~ . ~ M T ~ P ~ T J ' PKyJIbT~H0fi HO~~ TpaAI.14kIeB 3HaKItITnOAOpBaTb OCHOBY &rLR ~ ~ C ~ E I C T I ~ 1H1 6H e~ IcX~ o t r e ~ ~ b l ~ ~IleKyJIXwfiH a TeMy ((YCTHbIXMCTOKOB))ero X J ' A O X ~ C T B ~UIpkiHHO~~ pOm.1, np116m7tr~bca, no KPahefi M q e , K K O P ~ ~ K T HnOCTaHOBKe O~~ '
n~lCaTb, 9TO ((BOnPOC O P R M O M BJMIMliW ~ H T E N H O ~ ..rIE.ITel)aT)'~
-
pbl Ha "CJIOBO" MOXm BCepbe3 0 6 c y ~ a T b c RmllUb B TOM C.VqaG,
ec.m pacueHasan nomy KaK n o s m e t i m p c ~ t ~ m r s a ~Ap. ~m$amI c ~ ~ $ m a q m )o)TOM, , TO cto6paqeaae K H a x H m a XI1 B. sa 11cro.rHEMIMA BA0,WOBeHWR K CO'IMHCHMRM rpeYeCK!IX
np06neMb1 er0 aYTeHTMrHOCTU tl BpeMeHIl C07AaHIIR.
El-rM .'IaTEIHCKtIX aB-
Bocnonb3pcb
6oaan 6b1KOpeHHOrO nepeChIOTpa Bceii HCTOPMM WeBHXIS C.qaBIMCKt1.Y . m r ~ e p a ~ y pMOXHO, ~ ' ~ , HaaepHo, B TOM c q s a e , ecwr caM HG oreHb
tlZMbICml, YTO "C.rl0~0"nP0113BeAeHIIG KHIITHOe, YT0 aBTOP e r O 6b1.m
~ ~ e n o rs pe a~ ~ o ~ ~PIb~~P fO i C B ~ ~ ~ I ~ HTO ~ I OH C ~ HanMCa.rl , ero, a ~e nen 11 TO OHO He npuHamexano Htncorna HH H ~ P O ~ O A I HN Y , apyXEIHHOhlY 3nOCy. KaK ~Otl3BeAeHklG KHMXHOe, 0110 AOnTHO HOCHTb npM7HaKH .miTepaTj'pbI eMy C O B ~ ~ M ~ H H 06 OH ~ a~ p, y ~ ~ B a T B baBTOpe 3HaKOMCTBO C K H ~ I X H OC~C~ nOBeCtIOCTbIO, a60 B C I E K M ~aBTOp, ~ KaK 6 ~ 1 OH H ~ 6b1n I I - e ~ n a n eC~~ ,I HCBoero B P ~ M ~ E IANBocnnTaH H a ero miTePaTypHbIX llpOM3BeAeHWRX. n p e ~ ; l eqe%lyKa3bIBaTb aHUIOI'kll1 AJUl nosrlmecmx 06opo~oe"Cnosa" B naponnblx 6am11nax1.1 wanopyc-
BepEUIlb B nO&rMHHOCTb ((CJIoBa)).EcJIH n p R M O e EI HeCOMHeHHOe BU3n e f i c ~ ~ t0l 6 e p a 3 0 ~M , OTHROB El ApyIMX XyAOXeCTBeHHbIX KOMnOHeH-
Mm1am.1 rrpORBJIRmCR, HanpEXMep, B ApeBHe-EIII.rIaHACK0h.r 3nOce, $ o p ~ ~ p o s a a r u e ~B cpariHeM s C p e m e s e ~ o s b e TO , n o ~ e ma~y
TOB
KOMCTBO JQleBHepYCCKOrO aBTOpa
XI1
B. C ~ O M ~ ~ > E O I Beprtlmre~ M
AOJIXHO PaCCMaTPIIBaTbCR K a K B npHHWIne HeB03hiOXHOe,
6o.m 6po-
TOTO, K a K O C K O ~ ~ E I T ~ J T J~ HI OA~ ~ ~ B H ~ ~ Y CKY-iIbTYlIbI C K O ~ ~ t1
camqee TeHb H a ((CJIOBO o no.my Mropeaen? T o . m ~ onoToMy, qT0 npEmmc.rcrr nepecMaTpnsalb c y q e c T B p w l e ~ y p c b rErcTopEre apeBH~PYCCKOW .~lTepaTypbl?TaK ElX BCe paBH0 ~ e 0 6 x o j ~ hpama.mro
CKliX AyhiaX, C.W;lyeT n03TOMy UCKaTb llX B KHIIKHO# CrlOBeCHOCTB
HO nelleChIaqlrBaTb K a K CO3aaBaBLIIEIeCH B YCJIOBRRX kmeOCnOrtIYeC-
lF.meHO, BblRCHRTCR, CaMM ~06010,er0 W~lBH.ZQ'aJTbHb1e YvTbI,
Koro 3ac~.mxw YeM cKopee, TeM .qrXIwe. C o ~ e p x a ~neppaofi ne r n a ~x b~ ~x a p a ~ ~a e p ~ 1 3nonoxce~y m ~ m e ne.m c t n y r e ~ n e((Cnosa ~ o n o m y Mropese~B C O B ~ T C K O M t ~ c ~ o pE1recKoh.I mepaTypoBeaeHAA A 061,rrcsrra nptIswHL1, Bbl3BaBIlIlie
I
@ o P M Y . ! ~ ~ ~ ~ Bc. o B KMn.ru~epa, o~~ KOTOpaR HaCTO-UbKOnOm3a tI TOwa, 9TO MHe npaKTHW2CK11 H e r e r O K ~ e fni o 6 a ~ 1 1 ~(b( M : T ~ Khlbl , EICXOmIM
TOPOB 6b1n0 6b1 M 3 pma BOIr BblXOAHWlM @BKTOM, K O T O P ~ IU~I ~O q e -
I
rn onpeneneinw O C H O B H O ~4ac~1.1 ~ ?TOG?ailart1
tr
yxe noToh.r, Korna
O T H O L I I ~ H aBTopa ~I~ K
nocnem~efi6yam onpe06-
HaPYXHTCII, HaCKOlIbKO OH CaMOCTORTe.rIeH ki HaCKO.rIbK0 OH 7aBtICtlT
~
IIORBneHNe Ha CBtX HaCToRqefi p a 6 0 ~ b l .OH^ tIe CTaBEIT 4WlbIo tICWaBJIeHAe HpaBOB HE1 B HaYgHblX KPYraS, HA B ~ O C C ~ I ~ ~ C 0 K6 OqMe cTse, nocKo.mKy sTa rno6amsas n p o 6 n e ~ aaBHo HenocAmHa &m IrenoaesecKnx B O ~ M O X H O C T ~ OH^ ~~. BAO,WOB~~ KyAa TCR 6onee orpaHkl'IeHH0fiEl BCe Xe ~ p e 6 p q e iO iT MeHR nPeAe.mHOr0 HaIIpRKeHEIR cnn ' l a ~ a r e i inoKa7aTb : cnemlamIcTaM a p q n o a o ~ y rkrTaTem, 'IT0 COBPeMeHHaR XyAOXeCTBeHHaR El r l r [ e f h l ~ - ~ ~ ~ e l > XTpilICa~~.~~aR TOBKa ( ( C ~ O BllpeACTaBJI5leMaR ~H, B TpyAaX ~ O J I ~ U I H H C CO TB B eT~ CKHX o~erecme~mrx a HeKoTopblx 7apy6emlblx nccmeAoa a~eneii,crpanam OrpaHtI9eHHOCTbK)A rpy6on TeHAeHW07HOCTbI0, ~ P O I I B . ~ U I H ) ~ ~ ~ ~ C I I n p e w e Bcero B C O ~ H B T ~ J I ~ H On M p e y ~ e . m ~ e s t rH t r a p o m o r o , YCTHO$ o m ~ n o p ~ o rHarana o B n03~me ((Cno~ao nomy MropeBe". no-
OT np~OsTeHHbIX KHIIT>).
MeHeHMH K KaHOHWleCWUM T e K a a M H e p e A K O AORXHO K B ~ I $ M U ~ O B a T b C R B T e p M l I H O n O r H H h K K a p ~ ~0 K K K H oKtUC ( ( O T K p b l T a R T p a m I -
uun* (((tradizione apertan), ~
T lpymronw H nponsnnwTcx B
M e p e kl n o m B e p x a a l o T ~ b I ero m K
ny "aletheia" u "doxa",
\
.
nomoR
O
~ ( W , O B aHT2IHOMIIII M e l > f e w "RCTEIHO#' (K K O T O ~ OCT~CMHTCR ~ ~
H ~ ~ Y H ~ R K ~ J E TPI) "' M ~ ~H )~ H ~ I ~ kl.Ull M " "BO~MOXHOCT~IO" ( K K O T O ~ O ~ C T p e M H T C R r y M a H I I C T E l g e c K a H K y J I b ~ w a )O ~ J I _ ~ C TA~ ~M~ C T B I I$IZTIoR .nOrE¶H, K a K H BCSKOG I . I C T O ~ ~ ~ CDKI COU H ~ n~. r M H b l , BBJUeTCR 2IMeHHO
BTOPBX)>*.
T ~ HMe M e H e e , naxe ecm pesb n , 4 e ~o u e n e ~ a r r p a a z r e ~ H o noA-I Zi Ae.UKe OlTpeACYeHHOrO a B T O p a , HM%ITaU&IkI( ~ o . X ~ M O ~ H OTBOP'IeCI ~O Ba E l m 1 U C K ~ C H (Pa.miLl21~0fi O~~ K O n H k I H C T O p R Y e C K O r O A O K Y M e H T a , KOM-
nne~csbli3aaamls parro E r m r n o m o nomonxer y c r a H o a k I T b acTtmy. Mup xovenl6~1nia 06~anyntaur. C e 6 a ~ ~ sEpam. n~ ctKopaBxa nypaxos~.
Han ((C~OBOM o ~o.~IKYMropeae))c M o h l e r r r a ero 0 6 ~ a p y x e ~ k t n ~ O C T O R H I I OT R r o T e e T C o M t r e H k r e B ero n o J y m m r o c T k 1 , B ero a y r e H T b I s HOCTEI. 3 a m 1 ~ero a ( c a H n I c K e n n n c a h u I ) ) B c n y nx n p r r c T p a c T H o c T n kt 6 b r o r r r e i i B r x a 3 a anp110p110LiT e H A e H w I o w o c r u samo I r e w e e r ycnexa rr B pme c . y L r a e B ~ P O I I ~ B O A I I Tn p o ~ k r ~ o n o n o x ~ b34@em. ~ C i ~ O ~ I I I M3 T OO T O CYUleCTBYlOT U 3Ha9HTC.rII,fIbIe
O ~ ' ~ ~ K T ~ ITpJ'zB H ~ I ~
IIOCTU B Z I ~ Y ~ ~ H ~ H ~ U O Z I ~ B ~ ~K o~TIo ~p oZe cI aRb s ,o
11 O T K O T O P O T O , B A O ~ ~ B O KH, e CO.Kl)liHIIIIOCb
no ce6e y t I m a - m I r o
&axe e ~ l I i C T B e H H O r 0
CmICKa. T e ~ c ~ o n o r 1 A. 1p e~ a m I s nrrTepaTyp u M e e T c a o ~ OCO~~HHOCTII. T ~ KnOYTk1 , B C e r m npHX0,lTJITCX H M e T b A e n O H e C ~ B T O ~ C Kpj'KOn21O ~ ~ C h l O K r M C N H X P O H H b l M CnNCKOM I I a M R T H Z M a , a CO C ~ O X I I O21~ ?anyT ~ H I I Or e ~H e~a J I 0 r T i e f i CyU@2TBOBaBLIINX B H ~ K O T O P Om~I ~a X P O H Z M T e K CTOB.
Heu36extxo B CBR3H
C 3 T H h l BO'IHPIlCam B O n P O C 0 K O M n O 3 2 I u H -
OHHO~ I.1 ~C T I Z T I ~ B O UeJlOCTHOCTM ~~ npOkI3BeAeHnIl., p a 3 J l k l Y e H H X B HeM
0 6 b l 4 ~ 0T a K l I M H c I . I ~ M I I # I I X ~ H T ~ M UH e l l O & J l H H O C T I I npOZI3BeACHkIR E l m 1 A O K y M e H T a O K a 3 b B a W T C R ((BbLqG3aIOWIe)>, B O w e K k I BCCM y.UIL4p e H l l a M a B T O p a , n O ~ C ~ ~ X y A O ~ e c T B e ~ lpt fe i aI e. ,m H O - k I C k t
,
O A H ~ KZICO H B CZ~IS~ I - ~ B ~ C T H M~~ T IX O A O B a~p~r6yma1 rr onpene.merrer n p O H 3 B C a e H m em H e rap a H T I I P Y C T aBTOMaTIIYCClik1
PI JlklHTBHCTPlYelCKEIe a H t l X p O H A 3 h l b I t1 HCCOOTBUCTRIIR.
~ O . ~ ? O B ~ aJ'TetITkHHOCTk1
ycnex B K a x a o h r K O H K ~ I ~ T H O M c..ryyae. T e ~ C T o n o n ~ r e c n~paa KRT l . n r a aaam H e M a . r l o K ' I ~ Y C O B ,K o r m . w e p a ~ y p o ~ e m e ca~r r ai mr 1 . 8 , B oco~ ~ H H O C T( U ( 2 ~ e f i H b l f i ) )llm ( ( ~ ~ ~ O . ~ O ~ ~ I n~ p IH ~B O CW K I ~n K~ B~ e )C b> M, a
K ~ ~ C C ~ I Z I n~pCI l K M qAO ~ h 1I h i O r Y T C.rlyn o 3 ~ bO 1 C C I ~ BOH~ ~~ ,~ . T I ~ K O B ~ B~ Hrraqane H L I ~ 70-s rr. XVlII B. LLlOT.rIaHfiCK2IM . m T C p t l T O p O M Arneti~rcosrM a ~ @ e p c o H~ Bob ~ I3BaBl l l l l n~ e p B O H l i Y B V b H 0 6 ~ B O CpT O p~l - 0 8 80 B ~ e f oi ~ ~ ~ ~ o B ~ EBPOH H o Z ~ ne. AOCT~TOYHO C K a 3 a T b , 4 T O T B O p g e C T B O M O C C H ~ (H ( L~ X l,O T n a I ~ C K o r o r o ~ e p a ) )6bm , y e . r r e g e H H a n o n e o ~6011anap~ 11 A. B. C ~ B O ~ O B ,
CKtlHAa.rlbAbIM p e 7 Y . m T D T a M . X2lTb
YTO H a OCCHaHOBCK2IC C I O X f X b I H B O C C U ~ H O B C K OTOHa-rIbHOCTI1 ~ nbIC a m I C b K a p T H H b I 21 p e 3 a . r M C b V a B I O p b l , COYklHHmICb O n e p b I kl C I l e H s q C C K H e IlepeJIEIL(OBK21, ~ @ ~ ~ I & I C . ~ I n~OHKI nIO~HI H ~ l m l 1 H a p a 3 H b I . u H3bIKax yhrttoxam
rrpononxeewn 21 o m p o a e H H b r e n o A p a x a H k l r r (capen-
p a 3 H O B p e M e H H b I X ~ I ~ M ~ H ~ HA HO R~ ,O . U I ~ ~ H n e~p e~ C~T, a H O B O K 2IJIIl
IIeMJ' KaneJIOHCKOM)'
Tepb YYaCTKOB T e K C T a , p e & U C W I O H H b I X B 0 3 f l e f i ~ T B 2 1p~a ' l H O r 0 Bo MHOMS myrasx y c r a H o B n e H k i e n e p B o H a r a m H o r o 21.m K a H o H A -
B 1792 r. B b W I n O p y C C K O e D y X T O M H O e H 3 A a H l l e OCCkIaHOBCKHX n o 3 h 1 B nepeaoAe E. M.K o C T p o ~ a " , XOTH nepaoe 3 H a K O M C m O c mopr e c T B o M t a u o T n a y n c K o r o 6 a p ~ x coc~omocb a~ B POCCHH norTn omloB p e M e H H 0 C ~ H ~ J M ~ ~ C KHM 3 AMa H k I e M n p o U 3 B e ~ e H 2 1 f i M ~ K $ ~ ~ c o H nepenom1 Koc'rpo~an e r ~ ~ Bk OCHOBY t ~ ~ C C K O R M HO a~n I0 3 a k m OCC M a H a , O K a 3 a m CM.VbHOe BJIMHHHe H a T B O p g e C T B O r. P. A ~ x ~ B H H ~ H. M. K a p a ~ s m aB. , A. Oleposa, H. r~e,lpl\lakf c a M o r 0 n y L U K H H a .
nop0Aa.
LIeCKOrO T e K C T a npeACTaBJUIReTCR ~ 0 6 n e M a T M w b l M 21JIE.I A a H t e H e B O 3 -
npasuno, s a T p y m e H a a ~ p ~ 6 yEI peruoaa.maow ~ mtanemaas 1.1 B p e M e H H a r r n o K a m y a I u H nammmca. no o T H o m e m MOXH~IM. K a K
K @eBHCp)'CCKOMY
PYKOn21CHOMY H a C J I e m , K O T O p O e
Aaxe
B npH-
3nOCy)).
a7seneHm B qmfi ~ ~ B W C H M O C TOT~ Iero f v x e o n o r ~ ~ ~ e c3~~oai qi n -
O C C E I ~COH~ Bcero mum 6onee WJJM M e -
qepe3 HeKOTOpOe BpeMR BblRCHN.rlOCb,9TO n03MbI
BceM He cTayoe 3 o n o ~ o r a c ~ o fnpo6b1, i a
htOCTH, a TaKXe HeCOMHeHHJW CMbICJIOBYIO A CTHJDICTH9eCKJW6.m-
Hee yAa9HaR CTPIJM3aWR nOA ApeBHlIfi I I I o T J I ~ I ~ c K3IIOC, W ~ ~XOTH Li onupamqancfl H a @ o r r a ~ n o p ~ yTpamuEno, m HO olIeHb na.lreKo OT-
10CTb K BbIlIIetIpHBe~e~~0fi L(I4TaTeEi3 c3~103JM , & ~ K H c o H~~I.C K H Y
CTOR4aH OT ~ O & ~ I HK H ~JO L ~~ T C~ K3IIWIec~ofi O~~ TpaAPIL(ElH,HPKOrAa
TaKAM OnaCJIIIBbIM OTpHqaHEIeM caM0fi MbICmI 06 aHBXpOHEI9HOCT)i
c 6 e 3 x a n o c ~ ~ o c ~ bnOCJIeAHer0 1o o
6 ~ a mT ~O,b'IT0 CKpbIBaeTCX 38
((Cno~a o nomy Mropesen: nnxa11en n y w e , reM KTO-.W~O jq~yrofi,
cyruec~~osasruefi B ~ o f. im ~ ~ e p a ~ y p( ~ P o fpi~ eB, K O T O P O ~ M ~ ~ K aepco~ npencraB,m ee r ~ ~ ~ a m uny6.me. efi 3 a ~ c ~ a sYTO t , I)YCCKEI~~ nepeBom1x 0cc~a11a KOCT~O Bblpaxan B B cBoeM ((Ilpe,~\ BenomeIIPIA YmaTem)) Bno.lme onpeitexeaabIe C O . ~ I H ~ I I W R((Bo : ~ M O X H O.m~, He
npenCTaB.XIeT M ~ c L L I T ~ Ka~acTpoQb~, ~ ~ I KOTOpaR pa3pa3ATCR, eCJM O~A~PYXIIT ¶TO CR TeKCT, , P I ~ B ~ L T I I ~H I a~M ~ KaK CJJJICOK MYCIMB-UrnKEIIIa, npeACTaBJMeT co6ofi npOAyKT TBOpYeCTBa 6 e 1 s e c ~ ~ oHJM, ro
~ a o 6 o p o OrIeHb ~, W3BeCTHOrO JIEITepaTOpa XVIII B., HJlM XOTX 6b1' ero penaKTopcKoe c c o 6 n a r o p a m ~ a m q e e~~0 3 n e f i m t 1 e . B OpMH MEIr tIpeBpaTRTCR B rpyW 6 y ~ a m o fMaKYnaTmbI i BCe r q ~ O K O M ~ I C ~ ~W H nO.rIHbIe H ~ I ~ ~aTpkIOTENeCKO~0 nac)oca HapHbIe Tpy-
9 ~ 0 6 CWU n03MbI 6633 l T O M O 4 W nWCbMeH, B HB1)OAe BaPBaPCKOM, H e
Haw, COXpaHeHbI 6b1.m1 A0 HaLUHX BPeMeH noY l u Yepe3 rfX%IpHam[aTbB~KOB?))K o c r p o ~ o11~16anc~ B cB0efi n e + ~ -
ErcnbITan
EIMeIoUeM HkiKaKPIX
HPWHW Ke.IbTOB K a K HeQaMOTHbIX BaPBaPOB, HO K a K ~ a . ' l a ~ ~ J l % ~ B b I f i
mI, nOCBR~eHHbIeO ~ O C H O B ~ H P E Oer0 W M M ~ H C H T H O ~ ~), 3 ~ e nopox-
6b1reHAa.IhH0fi MY3bIKA, npno6pe~m B3aMeH BO MHOrMX OTHOIlIeHA-
aarowero 7 p y ~ 0 0 6 h m c ~ m f bnpa 1 e ero @ o p ~ a . m ~ o - n o m r e c ~BOCohi
RX H ~ ~ J I ~ I ' O B ZE ZIC ~ TA HHJYT . O
npiHTIM aHTAHOMIlIl B er0 K Y . ~ T & H O - H C T O ~ H ' I ~ C K O ~ 3K3ere3e, WA-
MH UCrIIlMM OTnpaBJIXnCR B nOXOAKHR3b
H C K J U O 9 a l b , CKpblBaTbCR .El A p y r O e , pyKOBOACTBOBaBLUeeCR MHblMM n o 6 y n c A e ~ w R ~n k ro n a c e H M R M c r , T B o p r e c T s o
ropasno 6onee n o q m e -
r0 BpeMeHM. n p a ~ ~3 TaO,T n e 9 a J J h H b l f i B a p A a H T 3 a C T a B H T n p M 3 H a T b CllpaBe&LIltBbIMkI YCqOBWR 3 a w M T H k I K O B n O A J M H H O C ~ I . 1( ( C ~ O B ~ a B)-) : T O P nO&Zle.lIKkI AO.rlXeH n p e B O C X O X H T b
no
CBOkIM n03Tk19eCKkIM, ()&I-
JIOnOTT19eCIUIM I1 MCTOPkNeCKFIM T U I a t I T a M BCeX C K ~ ~ H K O 1.1 B nOKnOH-
a ~ T o p c ~ k TeKCT 18
aJIOhf NIIl CO3AaHkIR T e K C T a C 1800, B n03TW9eCKMX HCTOKBX KOTOPOro K ~ W Y H ,6trorru1eropasno 6.mxe K n o m o x k m M C u e a ~~, e m o ~ r a M P 0 H c e ~ a . m . MCKYCCTB~HHOCT~, H e n O T O B O p e A H O L T h KpMTk19eCKUX
~ o A o C J I O B H O ~ ~ I800 K
B ~ ~ O I I T H B a~p kI I~a H~T , o r p a ~ k ~ q w s a r o w ~r ~~ fni oc ~~ e 3 ooi ip e A a K U u r l
Xe, K a K kI'lHa9a.'lbHO
HeKoToporo
ccnoamm~or~o)) c p e m g e B e K o B o r o r r p o w 3 ~ e n e ~ k u 1~, e i i m k i -
T e m r r o n p k r a a u n e x a u e r o o m r c a a H o b r y B H e M B ~ ~ M ~ 110, I I ~no~o611o I ,
(, yhieno
c c n p k l r e c a H l < o r o > )u T O ~ o O ~ p a s u ~ r u ecto6krro
K ~
( ( ~ ~ A o H U I I I H ~M~O) r>n a IIOCnYXIITb AOCTaTO9HbIM W C X O m b l M M a T e P H -
((CIIOB~)~, BCeX IIMHTBIICTOB, JMTf5paTYPOBeAOB, KY-TbTYPOJIOr O B R kICTOpHKOB, KOTOPble X O ~ A ~ - m 1 n p6X0V O W l m l p)Ky K M3y9eHkEO R 3 b I K a , C O a e p X a H H R M X ) ~ A O ) K ~ C T B ~ H H( O~ ~O~P M ~( (I C n o ~ a ~ . K C O X a n e H M M , 3 T O T H e ~ T p a ' I l l ~ b l UIPryhieHT fi R 311~c1k1~CXb~~fi c T e n e H l r y - p a w B a e T CBOIO CILV, e c m I npemonoxrrrb ropasao 6 0 . ~ ~ HEIKOB
I
CXII, T a K R 0 6 0 3 e a r a l o k~cxombrii ((CJIOB~ 0 n O J I K y Mrope~e)), B CJJI11e4XBOBaHMe 1.1 B l l p M H a A J I e X H O C T b K O T O p O r O XI1 B., TBK x e K a K M B er0 ~ B T O ~ C xapanep, T B ~ A O~ e p r o3. a ~ Ho e ~ e p r os, ~ c oo n e p x a a i l e u n o s T m a LIIaTCJIbCTB B TeKCT CnMCKOB
n o n 0 X e H k f i H H e B b ~ ~ X H B a K l C~ e Ip e~ e 3 ~ 0KpHTklKU fi TeKCTOJIOrM9eCKkIe n O C l p O e H M R ~ R M U H Bkl ApJTkiX CTOPOAHkIKOB BO3BeAeHMR
c
TOG
U-LIlI k l ~ o f pefitiKUkIk1 i ( ( ~ ~ ~ ~ o H I I ~T Ia IK~ I ) )
T e H A e H U M 0 3 H a R , K O H ( ~ O P Y H C T C K ~ IapTJ'MeHTtiI
UMR MX nPOTHBHkIKOB, o ~ Y c J I o B J I ~ HB ~ O~ - n, e P B b I S TeW, 91.0 YCnOBHSI n p O B e A e H M R 3 ~ 0 fiO.ICKYCCHM i 70 -80 TI.. H a C T P a H k I U a S C O B ~ T C K One~ 9 a r k I M a n o qehi oT!nFIa.mcb
OT Y C ~ O B P nI p~ o B e a e H m c y ~ e 6 ~ l o pr ao3 -
KTO ~ O P J Y k I T C R S, T 0 B ~.-IXHC~I ZImI AaJILHehi o q ) y x e H m I l q a k1.r~ (mpoc~eu:lllemoCi r o c y ~ a p b 1 1 1 ~A1I ~ T J W K I I E K ~ -
HOG, no
T e p k M b l ) ) I r e H a l U w C R 9lXOBCK, H a l l p a K T k I K e M ' I J ' Y H B u u I ~R~3 b M M CllI.'lb
~pkIB.rIeKaBIIlIIXCRK npo6ne~e TeKCTO!IOIlFllZKIlX B ~ ~ ~ I U O O T I ~ O I I ~ ~ H
*I
C B O e r O BpeMeHkn).
c p e m ~ e o e ~ o ~pycc~oii ofi m r c b h r e H f l o c . r ~ ,H e H1Iehi bIy3, K O T O ~ BblnOJDIII.TI ~ I ~
0 6 n e n e ~ l l b r i irr B H m a -
~ a f i ~ b ln fp ki l K a 3 :
4 e M y r r a u 1 1 o r r a ~ z 6 ~ 0 ~c1ayM o c o m a E l m o
n 0 A a l ) k l T h IcI,enH)-
H LqeMme-rIbHo Boe;pacTaw-
6 k v a ~ r n C T B~ Ka a M e p e B
((KpyrenePBOhl)), a Bo-BTOpbIX
j'mBkITe-'lb-
M O e h i y M H e H k W , O ~ ~ H k 1 9 e E l H O C T b IKOp Y r B H C T 0 4 H I I K O B ,
C\
C 1800, ( ( 3 a ~ 0 ~ q k l H b lM) )W Y r M X naMRTllkIKOB K)'.TIlKOBCKOrO UHKJIa. n o onpeaenemno Peficepa, c c n o p ~ [ e n ~ o fMi ~ HI a s L l B a e h l . r a K o e npOkI3BeAeHkIe, K O T O p O e C O ' l H a T e m H O OTHeCeHO a B T O p O k I , k13AaTe.rlChI
qexry b r e x m ~ a p o m r o n~ pye c T k l x j POCCIIH ~ra~:lll~~ot~a.n~b~ijfi 3noc, H e y c ~ y n a ~ o mno ~ fCi B O I I ~A~o c T o k I I I c T B a M HU ((IIec~eo Ponarrne~~, rrrl n p e c . r r o s y - r o b r y c ( O c c ~ ~ a ~ l yBuCyl41IOCTk1, . B c e a T a K w A. M a s o ~ a na
K o r n a OHO ~ a n r r c a ~ o. .EC-WI . B
( ~ C I I O B O ) )MOTkiBkIpOBaIIhl, B KOHe4HOhl CLICTe, Y ~ I u ~ I T ~((CBOJ I ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
i r p j r o M nomema p a c c M a q w r n a m c x o c B m e T e x , k m o r a a ~ b ~ c o ~ o k ~ l e i i -
e B p e M e H H 0 C T b W ) ) ,I,
kla, T a K C K a 3 a T b ,
nocjle CeHCaIlllOHHblX
( ( 0 ' ~ b l ~ k l f i )Ma~@epcpco)
l a K O H O M e p H O C T b K l er'0 o 6 ~ a p y x e mAa ~ . kl p 0 c c k a -
CKkle CKenTkIKkI B C e r a a kIbIlXII B BkIA)' 3 T O T @BKTOP
~pafitlefi((CBOeB-
pebIeHHOCTM)) OTKpbITMR ( ( C J I O B ~ ) ) .
B c-nysae a p a H x r r p o o K M jxe k 1 M e r o m e r o c x T e K c T a K peaamopy ero MOXHO n p e m R R . m T b yxe I r e C T O . ~6 e q ~ e p ~ b Tl e~ ~ ~ O B re~ H ~ I H I l r u a J n , H o m r , a B c e n o A o q p e H u x c K e n r r u c o B , K a c a r o w l e c n npemo-?ar a e ~ b r xHhfH W H H O B I U I . ~ ~B TGKCTe C 1800 (0 T ~ ~ ~ J ' T o P o KTbMYTO. ~Hu, POKaHCKOM 60.ma~e kI K a M H e , IIeKCkI9WKIIX kI CTHJLlICTkILleCKWX a H a X p o ~ k t ' l b i a x )BCTBIOT, no K p a f i H e f i M e p e , H a 'I~I~KJ'Io BepORTHOCTHYH) n O 9 B y . flo.TIH0e OTCyTCTBkle K ~ K ~ I X - . W I ~YO~ O M ~ I H H H0RT~MYTOPOG ~ a m ro, T p o m ~o, B c e x R ~ ~ F I ~ C K C 6I Xo x e m a x , Kpoh.re f l e n p a B k I . m , a o EICTOJTICOBaHHOTO A u ~ a BO , BCeX MlBeCTHbIX CnWCKaX ~ ~ A O H ~ A H ~ ! O L T a B l U W T OTKPMTOG B03CIOXHOCTb 6onee n O 3 ~ H X(XOTR 6 6 1 n0 C p a B H e H u I o C A ~ T H ~ O B KKO~~I ~~ M x V O B O - B ~ ~ O ~ ~C~ ~C ~K IOC~BMeKO ~ )
88
B.A.
M
np. H e K T O M .~m l u y ,
KoTopoe
ero comano, u.m H e K - r o M y a p e , u e r r c l , o m ~ c.nyqae o ~ pew, MALT o p a 3 0 6 r d -
qeHkIH K O M M e p C a H T a , p e U I H B U I G r 0 knR.?e9b U 3 ~O&ZleXKkIAOXOA, TO B H b l S c o o 6 p a x e ~ k 1 f i ,K O T O p b l e O n p e A e m L m I 3ahIbICe.rl " ~ . ~ l . l k l l a ~ ~ p ~ ~
B b l n a r o w c r x c B o e c o 3 n a ~ 3~a e~ ~ O M ~ B ~ A ~ H I ~ ~ M , ~ ~Inpecne~I B H O C ~ I
ue.m~))~'. He 'ITO m o e , K a K x e n a m e O T B ~ I TH a~ 3 a p o ~ a r o ~ 1 e BKYc n CbI, T R r Y 0 6 w e c ~ K ~ na0 3 3 M H ( ( H ~ ~ ~ M ~ I C J I O BMB ~T O0 ~i~ i )kl)e,4Ba m l ~e B nep~ymosepem r.xy6o~on a ~ p u o ~ a r e c x1~1 0r 6ey ~ A e H k l R nexa.m B OCHOBe nOAl[eJ!W M a ~ g e p c o H a :( ( A ~ ~ B KHe -um ~T b l III B. H. 3. AjTOUWlX HeKMe MHble
B C T a B a m I CO C T p a H w COXpaHIIBlIIMXCR n e C e H , K a K r O p R 9 A e n a T p H 0 T b l , 6 0 p m 1 3 a C B O ~ pO0 ~ ~ 1.1~61))".
C O B ~ ~ W ~OVeBkI,lIJ+O, HHO
9 T O M a ~ @ e p c o H0 9 e l I b HenJIOXO
no-
T p a @ H J l naTpPiOT1.NeCKHM YaRHNRM CROkIX COOTe9eCTBeHIIklKOB M COBpeMeHHHKOB, ((OTKPbIB))
W HIIX
I1 ApeBHMX,
no ~ a c w ~ a COnOC6y no-
TaB-WeMb1.Y C ~ O M ~ ~M B O eM p n l m l e ~H , a W O H a J I h H b l X n 0 3 T O B M,
~ O ~ H AxPiJIJXJ' ~ I X repoeB,
M 3He1o, OnRTb
Te
((IICKOHHO HaUMOHaJIbHhlX))
a o 6 n e c ~ ~ b~l ~xW T H K K O B qecm u
oTe9emBa.
Aaxe c a M b l e
q b l e lTPOTHBHIIKM KaKRX 6b1 TO HH 6b1no C ~ ~ L E I X ~M H M e w ~ ~((C.rI0BOMD 1.1( ( ~ I OOccnma)) ~M~M He oIcI ~ e m c mOTptnlan, TO
KMH, OTKP~IB
M~cHH-~~~III-
((C.~IOBO o nomcy Mropese)),cnerIa.? CBOMM cooTe'IecTBel1-
HkIKaM H a YAHBneHHe CXOXMe nOAapKI.1, I T p H M O TOYHbIe K0nMI.I M ~ K @ ~ ~ C O I I O B C K HOXT K ~ ~ I T H TY ~T~ N: .ilpe~~Zlfi BevkIfi
neBeU FOXH,
C X O X H ~no ~ CBO&
6onee MOXO-
PO.-1
CO CTapbIM @ H H T ~ ~ ~ OI.1 Mero ,
~ 0 f npOnOnXaTeXb i ITeCHeTBOpYeCTBa, ~ ( n p ~ n ~ p ~ I . l ~ OC~ a . ~ ~ b l
c a a ~ ,yc o 3 n a ~ m((Cno~a)), H repolnecKaa
6opb6a n p o m i ~tIar.mIx
B T O P X M ~ I ~Y ~ X ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~HS B~ ~IF W X K O 1.1 B ,neKxapawm omoc~.menb~o BOEIHCKO~~ ~
ecm PI c n a ~ bK~O, T O P ~ I M A nepeno.meHb1 cqaHk1mr M a K -
TOM
F o n e ~ t u ~ e~m O~H~KOMMJIC B I 1844 I r., Korna nptlexan B Tn@BOCTOK~ M BOCTOYEIbIe II3bWI. C T ~ B
.rMCC HaMepelMeM I.13j'YaTbWI3Hb
YYaCTHEIKOM
? Bern npn 6mixafi111e~paccMoqemn osem c ~ o p Bo ~ ~ I C H I I ~ T CYTO X , y KaTeropmecmx ~ ~ O T ~ B H I I K K O aBKoro 6b1 TO HW 6bm0 c 6 m x e m M ~ ) K A Y((C~OBOM)) w((~o~M~MH Occna~a))0 6 ~ y x ~ a e M bnapamem1 le w a p r y e m b l , M R ~ K Or O B O p R , HueM
TOM, WO MeXjlY TBopeHmMki M a ~ g e p c o a ~ a((CJIOBOM 0 nOJIKy
I
\
no I T P H q H H e ~ p a f i ~ eTie Hi o ~ 6 o p a3TkIX napaJIJIeJIefi k[ I I ~ O ~ ' ~ ~ K T ~ I B H MO tCX OT -~ I
H e J I Y q I I I e r O C B O ~ ~ C TkiBJ ~I e K O y a 3 B k i M b I AeHqkiO3HOCTkI
AOB BeAeHklII PICKYCCkikI.
P a ~ nonHa , Ha Apyrym nnyune, qyrb comynrinncb, P ~ Ocpmnnncn M Komn. cpannucn K o n b n n cnnbl B o n ~ o eM , eAbIO OAeRHHblX; ~ b l n y ~ J I 0 6 J I ~ U lpa30M ~ble
K o r ~ aK a p a ~ s k l HB O C M m a J I C R K p a C O q H O C T b I O onncama B ((CJIOB~)) ((KBPTkIHLl O m O r O K p O B a B O r O C p a X e H k I I I ) ) , O H , HeCOMHeHHO, n M e n B ~ n p cnenymme y CT~OKII: ...TOE
C ~ l n 6 n n c bUMTbl CO IIJMTBMW:rpOM p a 3 f l U C n Y X ~ C H ~ I ~ .
BhreCTe CMeUl&qUCbn o 6 e ~ ~ bKlpeHKtI M CMepTHble CTOHbl Boe~ ry6surix u rri6syqax: ~ c p o e b m s e ~ n sna c ~ p y n n . d c b ~ ~ ~ Hnuada. IV. 446451
M 0 E'h Tbl p A T n
H K'b Tbl IlA'bKbl,
A C H ~ parn B ~ HE CA~~UIAHO:
Pa6c~aa3aBkiCHMOCTb M a ~ @ e p c oO~T ar o ~ e p Ha e ~ p e 6 y AOe~
C'h ~ A ~ A HGO~ EA f YEPA,
cx
BEYEPA GO CE+TA
Ka3aTe.DbCTB; CXOACTBO H a B b U U e Y K a 3 a H H b I X f l O B H I I X Me)l(AY 3TkiMI.I
AETI17"b C T P ~ I KJM B H U R ,
6 a ~ a n b ~ b l hOlTHC8HIMMM .1~ B ((Q)kiHra!~e))
P ~ H M A I O cawn ~
cpe4n semn I I o ~ o s a q ~ u n v p w a 3 a ~ nmo ~ x ronblru
~ ~ 0 6Cba e1n a T b k13 ?Tor0 rrpoc~efimnfiB~IBOA:ki M ~ K ~ ~ ~n c o H a B T O p ( t C J I o B a > > , ~ a w l fBi c B o e B P e M I I 06pa~qanca K ~ O M ~ M Y ~ ; K@ ~ C O H , no B c e f i B e p O R T H O C T H , B pane CJryYaeB K V e Y e C K O M Y TeKCTY, BO M H O r k i X K BHTIIEI~~CKOMY n e p e B O m , a B T O p ( ( C ~ O BB~n )O)J ,l H e B 0 3 -
KOCTbMH E M A llOC"kll~A,
M O X H O , H e n O C p e A C T B e H H O K QeqeCKOMY
TPELU,ATL
g'b n0A"k
A
o UIEAOMY,
ronia X a p a y x H u n . HE~H~€M+,
r p o ~ i wn o A a m n a :
Tl(I'0W
E3wOUIA
no P y c ~ o n smn.
C ~ B B H C~ 3I ~M0 fKi B P T I I H O ~ ~K ~ K O ~ - ~H 3~ MHOTOZIkICmeIIHbIX 160 ornlcam~ii~ H T BY M a K @ e p c o ~ a Harrl)EMep, , 6 k i ~ B yKyxymn~aCO C B a p a ~ o h l " ~( (: T p O M V r n a C H O , CYPOBO ki M P a Z I H O BCTPeTEl.TIklCb B 6 n ~ ~ e M~nc-+aiin1.1 noxmrs. Boxm C x r s a T k I n c a c B o m e Y H BORH c BOAHOM; n m r a e ~ ~ B O H K Oc T a n b o C T ~ B :K ~ C ~ IpIa 3 n e ~ a m ~ uLnem.1. c~ ~OBCIOA JlbeTCR ~ K P O B b 11 m I M k i T C R . ~ B ~ H ETIeTT k I B a H a . T a x XOLUeHbIX. HOCRTCR C T p e J l b l no n o f l t l e 6 e ~ b I O . K 0 l l b R J I e T a l O T , K a K Mt?TWpbI, s o n o ~ n m 6ef l H b 1 f i mK HOW)) ( M ~ K @ ~ ~ Onman, c o H , c. 23). E c . K~ T O - H H ~ YC ~K a X e T , YTO B C O A ~ ~ R ~ T ~ . S~a CI T~k IH, JIeKO ~ CkiKe P I CTkiJIkICTkKe B 060nx ILEiTaTaX M e H b l l l e C X O n C T B a , 9 e M B naps@pa?axL U a p n e ~ a ~s an k i x a r e s a H a T ~ M A~ YI ~ ~ H C K Oa,TTam, O, H e nosepro, K a K H e n p n M y n B c e m o r o onpeneneana, s ~ one, , B .m60~ o n k i c a m n c p e m e s e ~ o ~ o6fkii m b 1 ~ P ~ I C Y T C T B ~ T OOTn n c a H k I a m 7 r a O p y X k i X ki n O T O K O B KpOBki. T a m e OnkiCaHkiR ~ e f i C T ~ k l ~ e J HI ebn~p 0e M e H H a H I T P k i H a ~ e X H O C T b6 0 1 1 b m k i ~ P~b~ I q~a paC K k i X P O M a H O B ki 3llMr e c K k i x n o w OT p a H H e r o C p e m e s e ~ o s b no x snonr 6 f l ~ y a 3 ~ b l x p e BoJUOUkifi A B ~ o - U ~ U E ~ H C TCB C w a e B T a K k i e 6a~a.nb~ble K a p l M H b I Onkip a I O T C I I H a C Y k i T a H H b I e KJIaCCki9eCKkie o6pa 3 ~ b 1 .M a K @ e p c o H H e cocrasmeT n c K m o r e m a : B A a H H o M c J I y q a e OH 6e3 s a s p e ~ n cao s e m k i 3 K C I U I y a T H p y e T B C e Tor0 Xe B e q H O r O ki HekI3MeHHOI'O r o ~ e p aB, TkiM e Y a H k i k i O T B a X H O ki H e O C T O P O X H O C p a B H k I B a X n O 3 T k i Y e C K k i e AOCTO-
k i ((C.~IOB~))AOCTaTOZIHO ClLnb-
HO,
KOMY-~kI6J'm JIaTkIHCKOMy
TeKCTY
ki.m r'pe¶eCKOMY,
M.m~am~ k1-mi K K a -
WkiYeM, HenpeMeHHO
A O C T a T O q H O n 0 3 T k F I H O M Y , n e p e C K a 3 Y k i J J n O A p a X a T C D b H O M Y COYAH e H W H a T e M b I T p O R H C K O r O l@TKJIa,
HallpkIMep, P a H H e C p e m e B e K O -
BOMY @ P ~ H I J Y ~ C K O M Yk i j M r q M a H C K O M Y P b l I l a P C K O M Y 3 n O C y ki.mI P O -
1;
P ~ C X O ~ B~ CkiHOHkiMaX HHR k1 o6'be~e BOCnpOkI3BeAf3Hkia r O M e P O B C K O r O T O n O C a nerxo O ~ ' ~ R C H I M ) T C I Or'pOMHblM I XpOHOJIOTMgeCKMM P a ' 3 P b I B O M BO B p e b I e H k I C O 3 A a H A R r p e Y e C K k i X 3n0nefi, ((nO3M O c c k i a H a ) ) ki HOMkiHaJIbHbIM nepkiOi[ObI BO'3HI.iKHOBCHI.IR ~ ~ B H ~ ~ noC C K O 3Mb1, a T a K X e BJDIRH&ieM O m O r O IllIEI JJJIYX n e p e B O A O B , ~ e k 1 3 6 e x ~ o 3HaYIITe.DbHO Y B e J I k I 9 k i B a I O I ~ X3 H T P O n W T e K C T a H a BCeX er0 f l O B H a X . k~n o 6 a ~ m K O T M e Y e H H b l h i J I e K C I I K O ~ L r m ~ e W IAMCMbICmOB ~ I Mn a p a n n e . w M M e w O m c a H k i a M n c p a x e H m y M a K @ e p c o ~ an B ((CJIoBe)) ~ o ~ e fK O i ,T O P b I e ((OKYHaIOT B K P O B b CBOe KOllblTO)) ( M ~ K 4 e p c o ~O . u ~ r a nc., 24), cp. c t s e ~ . mnod K O ~ I T .~..I KPOB).UO n o m R I l a ) ) , T O H C O ~ X O A Z I M On p k i 3 H a T b , Y T O Y X ~ ~ ~ C K K aOp B a ~ ~s k, i ~ a , MBJMHOBCKOTO, ~ ~ H T ~ I I ~ I - K ~ M ~MHYCCK~ O ~ H~ -O~,Y I k~i M kiXI I H ~ COBpeMeHHkiKOB 6b1m HeCKOlIbKO 6 o m m e OCHOBaHkfX c 6 J I k I ~ a ~ b n 0 3 T k i K Y ((CJIOB~)) C ( ( W X O M OCCU~HOB~IM)), YeM I I P O C T O M O A a H a MaHy.
((OCCkiaHki3M)) A ((HOPMaHki3M)). 9 e M Aa-UbLIIe k i A e T a J I b H e e 6 y A e M
M a ~ @ e p c o ~Tae M, 60nbUIe 6 y ~ e ~ 0 6 3 n e M~e H T a X~ C O A e P X a H k I I I , n 0 3 T I I K l l , CIUJJMCllKM k i JKKCkIIUI ((CJIOBB)) ki ((n03~ Occna~a)),W m e M B pme c v a e B y m k m J I b H o e c x o ~ m oHeKOTO'3HaKOMkiTbCR C T B O p q e C T B O M
n O J I j T a T b C B m e T e J I b C T B 0 H e TOJIbKO CXOXkiX, H O
P b l X B b ~ p a X ki d @)pa7
A. A. rozeursl~zu
kiMeHH0 H a ( P P ~ ~ ~ O J I O T M Z I ~ C ~K a kO1~6 I0, n e e
111
napaw~efiMaK@epcoHa 03HaKOMkiTbCSl 5. A. P b 1 6 a ~ o ~y . A. r.) llpepar~nc~ Manepa a ~ Occeana qacTo nenaeT ero TeMHbrM AnR HeBrnIMaTenaHaIx v m a ~ e n e l )(MaK@epcoH. ) T e ~ o p ac., 181); ( K> @~~T c oe ~Ho. p ac., 21 5). M3 MHOT09kiCneHHbIX .*IPWIeCKHX
&IPeHbIX U ~ J J I I I I H W H~a~TeMy
rmptIrecKnx n
ncropmecKnx o ~ c ~ y n n e ~Bn((Cno~e fi o no.my MropeBeH IIpvIBeAy TOJIbKO ma, ~ a n 6 o n e aBTOpIITeTHbIX: e ((TBKHa3bIBae ~ b r f "mrpnqeclcnii i G e c n o p ~ ", ~ Ko O~ T O P ~ IB~ '~T n o ~ e "sbrpaxamca ~ 0 6 0 f "CMXi
Jlefi, B3BOJIHOBaHHOTO ~ 0 6 b m & ki i% n03~ TO ~MY BbIHYX,L&?HHOTO naBaTb
ce6e nepemImy B 0 6 p a r u e ~ ~ 1K~npomuohly, lx HO cB~txeJIbcmyeTo TOM, 9TO n03Tkl9HOCTL COBPeMeHHOCTII. MOXeT 6 b 1 ~ bAOCTZITHJTa
ee c o n o c ~ a ~ f i e m icf~i ~
O I I L ~ I MECJIEI ~ ~ ~3~a'n. a ~ b ce6e
3 ~ mIxaqeBcKax a xapaKTepIrcTmca KoMnos&moHHoroc~oeo6pa3ns CTO ~ P O U ~ H T OnpnnoxnMa B KO BceM 6e3 ncxcm9eHtIB
TBOpeHEIRM Max@epco~a. HOT4eTHO NCKaTb B TpYAaX 7HaMeHHTO-
ro TeKcTonora n Tnnonora y ~ a z t a ~ Ha n x s ~ repTy y cxoncTsa M e m y o c c n a ~ o ~ c ~no33nefi ofi &I( ( C ~ O B O oM nomcy Mropese)). M~B~cTH a ~~eIp~m~a a c m ~cnewamlcr fi no ctCno~y)A. C. bop^ Be'' HaCTOJIbKO oc.ua6fie~a,rT0 H ~ O C B ~ ~ O M C-qIIlaTeJIb ~ ~ H H ~ I ~ EIJ~ EI 9EiTaTerIb BpmmI MOT AOTanaTbCSl El3 OAHOTO TO-rIbKO "CJIOB~", 9TO qw-inocb B
a
AeCRTaSl XIacTb KIpenCTaBJIeHa B TaKOM M ~ T ~ @ O P M ~ ~ C &I KO MM eTOHWMW9eCKOM ~aneiiaoc~one, rro
cmewn sa xonohr c06b1~11fiM
X
Xilparrrep ) OTnerIbHbM3IM30AOBB ( ( C ~ O B ~ D Bop= n o 3 A. ~ q e p ~ o aa, A. n. MITIM IBICaJI 06 0IQylIM0fiTtZtlpaBHOCTEIB Xap~ o c ~ ~ o B ~ T ~ . B nomm p a m m m x c u a (Cnosa~. MH~epecHoTaKxe cnenymruee onpeneneHne M ~ K @ ~ ~ c o H ccEapm10603~aram1 cornHeHna, B K O T O P ~ I XpaccKas racTo npepbrBaeTCR BCTaBHbIMIl3nH30AaMI.IEi O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H Z (CP. I I IM MH ZOITOYI.IC.rIeHHbIe BOKalTiBbI "&oB~": "0~ O R H .~ . ''0 W K ~ 3eMJIe!", R "0Bmpe, ~T~KQ & O pp.), I! "HaEIMeHOBaHHeM d u n nWHb. K o r ~ aXe COCJIOBkie 6 a p ~ aoc ~ r e 3 n o , 3 ~ kC fI~ IOBOM CTa.rM Ha3bIBaTb ~ 0 0 6 u BCemeBHHe e CO9kiHeHtiA B cTnXaX)) (MaKaepcoH. Ka~nona, c. 257). M e m y Q O s n ~amop , (Cnosa))naaTaKoe xe oqene.nemIe CBW npon3~l;nemm, Korm cpmmmaa a o c TEOP9~CIBOMB ~ W craporo O cc6apm))Eoma ,HO y ~ a 3 b ~ a~. u H ~ ~ M T ~ J D ,pamme HO
Ha3bIBaeT eT0 nOBeCTbIo, KOrm CaMOCTOBTe.rIbH0 lIp&ICTynaeT K eT0
ITEIrueT 0 HeM CJIeqyIoqee: (C.. .nOBeCTBOBaTerIbHaSnOMmaHTd B "Cn0-
anpene-~ae1185 r., n rAe TO c q w i n o c b , 1.1nore;My. Hao6opo~:nOAC9(X nOKa3bIBaeT, 9TO JMrUb necaTaB YaCTb CTMXOB "C.uo~a"nOcBRrueHa omcaH&W&IcropmecKnXC O ~ ~ I T I n I ~naxe ~, 3 ~
~ ~ ~ M ~ O B 10% ~ H BCerO H ~ I o 6 5 e ~ aTeKCTa. MOXHOn 0 6 a ~ n ~K bpt3yJIbTaTaM IlPOBepKM BblUIe L@lTHpOBaHHbIeOTKpOBeHliR M a ~ @ e p c o ~BaT ,OM WCJIe KaCaIOWIeCr < ~ ~ ~ ~ I B E I MaHepbI c T o ~ ~ O C C H ~9 HTO~ ,AeXaa eT0 TeMIIbIM AJIII
.'I,
HeneIXEIfi Tpyn IIpOWITaTb BCe lI03MbI OcckiaHa, TO CTaHeT BCHO, 'IT0
ctC.uosa)) Ha
sappit? rmm n ems m comma 60nee ~
HeBHHMaTe.rIbHbIX YkiTa~eJIt%>). ~ I M ~ Y InOnOJlHKRJbH0, J~ WO H a ICkMe-
T e m o c n ~ ~ B C T Bamopa, " K a K 6b1~e~.uanemwero xonohr c ~ o n M x~IC-
T O J I ~ K O nyTeM
raIoIUHX COnepXaTe-rIbW CTOPOW nOBf3CTBOBaHHB,3ajTBIIHYTO Ha
hfa~orpa@WI-
B TOM, WO aBTOp IIOCTORHHO 0 6 p a ~ a e O~T cCOBpeMeHHbIX ~ CO~~ITI~$~ K BOCnOMHHPHBRM 0 IIPOIILnOM, H e TOJIbKO3HaMeHyeT
C0CTaBTUIK)TOCHOBY MaK@epco~a HOG o 6 5 e ~npoki3BeneHKz, a mJIOxeHNe c06bm3, xoTb KaK-TO A B W BepHIlAX B TOM, WO M
nsnoxemw. A xaHpoBoe onpenenerne m e m e - n p n a l ~ ~ c smrrec~nx KHX npok13sene-, cornacHo c o 6 m e ~ ~ o~Cei p ~ m o n o np m eamabn nZICbMeHHb1X IICT09HHKOB, S C ~ T ,O eCTb, KIOBeCTb. CaTa YCnOBHOe, npmeHeHHoeK scel no aHanomn c WW~HACK~LMII caraM1.1, ~ a 3 ~ a m e . no M e p e BbIXCHemiB TOTO, HaCKO-rIbKO rU&IPOKO o6pa1ua.~cmB CBOeM TBOp9eCTBe M ~ K @ ~ ~KcaH oTH H9HOMY Ipe9eCKOMy &I JIaTHHCKOMY H a m e m ( r o ~ e pC , ~ a d Beprnm~fi), , K c p e m e s e ~ o ~ onf i ~ ~ H ~ C C ~ HJlHTepaTfle, C H O ~ ~ CTaHOBHTCSl BCHO, ¶TO CYXneHMSl ((3nOTO
"CnoBe" (IIOCKOJI~KY ~ 0 0 6 4 M e OXHo rOBopnn o " X O A ~co6b1~Mji" B H ~ MB ) HAkiTCX, KaK 6ymo B K H H ~ M ~ T O Q ~ @ H ~ ~ C rrpo6~1ec~ax, KHX H3pema CBepKaIomX Ha @OH(? DJl3iTeJIb~b1~ p a 3 ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ e f i 1aB1~1~
soma)) M. T. K ~ ~ ~ H O B C M K Oe ~w On ,p o w , O A H O ~ O $13 o 6 p a ~ o aaaaefimnx n HaYnTaHHbIx m n e 6 nymkmc~ofim o w , 3 ~ a s m e r o JIaTbIHb,rperecKl&i, @ ~ ~ H I J Y ~ cHKe M &e, l W ~ f i ~HTJI&cK&, , MTaJIbB H C K H ~a men& m a m , samartmero B MOMOBMOM WepcnKa@emyIICTOPkIH kI JIUTepaTflbI CJlaBXHCKHX B3bIKOB, HaXOW-
TOpCKEiX " o T c T ~ ~ H w H ~ ~a "n. o
mlCb H e H a CTOJIb YX ( ~ o ~ ~ I B ~ T ~ YpOBHe)), J I ~ c K oKaK M U3BOJMT BbIPa-
c r a s m T 90%
TaTbC5I
O X TOT, ~
KT0 3lTi C O ~ ~ I T HXOPOrUO X 3HaeT. Aefi~~~ki~CiILIibIfi X O A C O ~ ~ I TB W ~ ~
~ m9,TO 3TA " O T C T Y ~ ~ ~ H Z I BCO" ~cero "C.no~a", npaanmaee 6b1no 6b1 cYnTaTb NX He OTCTYlUIeHIIIIMkl, a K O M ~ I O ~ W O H CY HTO bIO ~II'p0Ei3BeneHkiSl))lZa. ~ Ha n o pas ~ ~l nopatohleyqyro K P ~ ~ ~ C HacrpoemoMy K E I ma~ e r wO ~ H ~ K O ~Bcero C X c omofi n o 3 ~ o i iOccna~a,wo6b1 yaocro-
A. C. nPiXaYeB. B YaCTHOCTM, B03bMeM 3aMe¶aHMe K ~ ~ ~ H o B ceoro, H ~ B ~ C T H11O3 ~sanncefi M. E e n n ~ o s a l ~ceXouy ': ... Konne npn-~OMUTM.. . cs BaMI.1... "@pass pbruapceaa!"~~, nomsepxnaeMoe MHOrHMU klCT09HHKaMZI K I K 0 6 0 ~ A 0?~PbIIXapCKOTO JIeKCHKOHa.
n o CJ'UeCTBy, KOrAa aBTOp ((CJIOB~>> Ha3bIBaeT II~o@CCCHOH~JI~H~IX, 3KHnEijlOBaHHbIX II BOOPYXeHHbIX BOHHOB-KflIIH ( > Knme . ewe YmBJLR-Cb PbWaPCTBeHHOCTH CBOkiX T O C T K~O~BpeMeHH ~, ((C~OBa o nomy Mropese>>,Hano nonaraTb, TO C ~ O B OC T ~ rrpmb~-IM O 0 6 0 3 ~ a r e m @op~npymueroca e~ cocnosna seunesnanmueB, cpeaHZIX n M e m x KHaxecmx BaccanoB (Ha 3anane OHZI 0603~ara.micb comte - @p.c q a @ > >aHm. , count), KoTopbIe nonmbx 6b1m ncnonHIITb BOHHCKWe O ~ R ~ ~ H H O C TI IIOI AOJJTyC J I ~ X IIepen ~ ~ CBOITM I CeHbOPOM,NJM, KaK BnocnefimBnn m o p m e , nepea rocynapmoM. Bep~ocrb0myr~eHkiiiK ~ ¶ ~ H O B CBKYaCTki O ~ OWMeHHO PbIuaPCKoro, a He 6onee apxansHoro ApyxIcaHIIoro c> n o m ~ n~ cran .WCTHlW ((CJIOB~>> nOJlJBepWaIoT HeAaBHXs pa6ol.a A. A. MIcaxaiin o ~ a ' n~ ?6onee paseaa, o r e n m o , He 3 a ~ e r e 1 i ~ aMa a x a i i n o s b ~ ~ n y 6 m a w ~A. 1 B. Aiimanosa 12?,B ~ o ~ o p oTaKme ii pew, n,qm o n a pamemi K ccCnoay>>B n o s 3 ~ n(Ppa~uy3cmx~ p y ~ e (p eom~He onHOBn ~ o ime), i nosecmymrr~efio BocnmaHm pbIuapa: C C O HPOWCH ~ MereM'b, BbIKOPMXeH'b IUJIeMOM'b, W T b 661-TII, eI-0 K o J I ~ I ~ c X ~ M K >>. c o x a n e m , AjiHanoB He ylca3b1aaa, 113 KaKoro acTowma OH nosepmyn cBoe conocrasrremie. MMX&OB,KoHesHo, r r p m o m B CBOefi ~e6o.m1uoti,H O TOYHO I I P O K O M M ~ H T H P O B ~ H3aMeTKe H O ~ ~ XapaK-repncmixn m a p o ( ~ p a ~ u y 3 c ~nepraMeHHoro oro KoneKca ~ ~ o p onoii n o s n m XI11 B. (He paHee 1278 r.), xpammerocs B n a p n x c ~ o f i ~aI@ioHaJIbHofi6 1 1 6 m o ~ e (F. ~ e fr. 837 (ant. 7218))'24,ylca3bIBaa n BbIXOAHbIe AaHHbIe @ ~ K C Z I M ~ J I ~ H OkI3AaHkIX TO 3 T O T O HaMJITHNXa, r e cpem @a6mo,npomrecKnx n CaqIlgeCKkix n o xapamepy TeKcroB HaXOAUTCH cniXOTBOpHOe rrpOH3BeAeHFie O ~ S ~ M O BM52 CTpOKH, 03aTnasnemoe B pylcomcn ccUne branche d ' a r m e s ~STO , M O ~ nepeseO cmi K ~ K((6oeaas n o p o r n > >m n naxe cOKene3ab1ii oTnpbIcK>>.llpki~ o x Ty O ~ K Or u e m c r p o n3 ~ Harana mxoTBopemm: OTmiYHO
Qui est li gentis bachelers? Qui d'esprhe fu engendrez, Et p m i le hiaume aletiez, Et dedenz son escu berciez, Et de char de lyon norris, Et au grant tomoirre edormis.. .
M ~ o r n eKOMMeHTaTOPbI
IICCTIeAOBaTeJIH ((Cno~a))e m O m d no 3 K q e c C I . M K BbILUe BOCrrpOH3BefieHHOMY,P I ~ T M I ~ ~ ~ PHCyHOK C K I ~ ~ ~ ((nOXBaJIb1KyPRHaM>>.COCBO@CrOpOHbI M O ~ J ' A O ~ ~WBOH, KpOMe I ~ , 06pa3~o-cm1~ n0~0fiCrOpOHbI, T O ~ e c I s e H e Hki c=aKcEiYt!Cd CTp0fi Tor0 II WJTOrO ccCno~a>> nosmrecKax no.m~ce~Icas, rrpoTeKcra, n xapaKTepHaa IlBJUDOmaRC5I BO ( P ~ ~ H ~ Y ~ CTeKCTC K O MB jlJjYCMbICJIeHHOCTII,llpIlrl?M He CaMOrO 213bICKaHHOTO C B O ~ ~ C T BBbIPaXeHMX ~, Qui d'esprte f~ engendrez (ns ne.mmaTaocni A. A. M~xaiinoBHe cMor r r p n 6 e r ~ y ~B b nepeaone K ~ a ~ orpy60ii fi ~eTa@ope, KaK cccnenaH MeroM>>,XOTR n OTMeTMn mYCMbICTIeHHOCTb C T ~ P O @ P ~ H ~ Y ~ C KTO~ ~KOC TP~~) ~. A ~ ~ J X I O MHeHlIe 3HaTOKa c T ~ ~ o @ ~ ~ H LJlFITepaTflbI, I ~ ~ c K o ~r T~0 B (mOXBane KflRHaM>>HeT I I P o I I B J I ~ H HTaK0ii ~~ CHHXaIOU~napoL@kofi ITKIep60.~1,KaKaR r r p o m m m B paccMa-pmaeMoM Q ~ ~ W X K O M llpH Cpi3BHeHlM pbI4apCKOrO KJ'JIaKa C py6mofi, (a'loBeprFlTOlII& HaYeMb, cnoBHommmq, nnomam, n pbwaps.. .>>, HO xory saMeTnTb, rTo coKPYIIIIIT~JI~ KynaK H ~ ~ I~ H . ~ o M L OP~HXCKOTO ~ RBJLReTCB JIEITepaTflHbIM K.DHUle B 0 6 1 1 1 ~ UPiKJIe ~ 0 ~ 3IIkmeCKHX neCeH, eMy IIOCBXIUeHHbIX, II He 3aMeTII0, W O BO &I-CKOM WOEiYeQCOM 3nOCe IWlTep6 o m 3 a a a MOW repox p a c c m m a Ha omr red WM campnreaai4 s-. TOZIHO m o f i x e no fi&mew~ocrn KynaK rrpmameXaJIHekiCTOBOMY P0JIa~qyFim)I'M ' M PbWaPXM (cM.,HaYWMq, neCHb XXIX, q o @ a 63, necm XXX, q o @ a 7 B ~ H a r c r o Poname) ~o~ ~ ~ A O B ~Apnocro). K O He ncwnoreHo, wo B TOM c p a ~ ~ a m Bcei noaeprmmero KynaKa c qy6moii, nepeHecemoro 9epe3 n o s m y p a ~ ~ e c p e m e ~ a o pbmapcKoro ~oro poMma, Bmsasruero oxomo B 4 1 1 06pa3~oen TeMaTwecKoe Hameme apT)"pOBCKOrOwm.na, coXpaHnJICX UIefi (maJIMUb1 ,&-lrfia>>,~ ~ e C H 0w621~b1 fi KeJIbTCKOrO 6ora, OAHHM YAaPOM II~paXaH,mefiAeBIITb WJIOBeK. TO KaCaeTCR BbIpaXCem Qui d'e~p* fu engendrez, T O llpH BCeM er0, B COBPeMeHHOM BOClTpkiRTHW, HaTYPaJIki3Me, O H 0 TOXe IIOHBHZI
~ I I I H ono~epKkiBtUEi W~M~IYH~@ 60npb@, , 6
JIOCb He H a nyff0M MeCTe, W npeACTaBJrrreT rJlyXyIo, HO BCe
KHe PaMKH, KaK,
ewe CJIbI-
IIUIMp BHTWIHYIO PeMWHHCUeHWIK): B OAHOM H3 BaptIaHTOB M ~ I @ 0 pOXAeHklk1
[email protected]~I O H a ITORBJuIeTCR H a CBeT ki3 rOnOBb1 Q ~ B c K ~O,TOpblfi HCllbITblBaJI CTpaLIIHble TOJIOBtIble 60m,n O K a
E. A. ~ o . T I & I B ~ HBasmosa, oB~, a KOHKPeTHO, B QHMeHeHHki K ((CJI0cym6e B. H. nepeTqa, H ~ ~ Y H O - H ~ ~ ~ ~ H O - ~ ((KPWO ~ M T mHanam 0.Cynefi~e~osa. Ho ewesepomee, noToMy, rTo H a TOM nyTH n o 6 0 p m a ~ (ccno~a))OTKpbIsMcb 661 MHOrNe CMyLUaIO~e w y CXOAHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI B nO3Tknce &ITOnkKe nO3M O C C H ~ H rH O p~R '40 m 6 ~ ~ onpemyreTa r o HaIJ,kioHaJIb~ofi TOPAOCTH. BY)), Ha
-
~ I M E yKa3aHnmu I H a ( ( ~ p a r ~ bKOJIOPZIT)), Iji E . I C ~ O . ~ ~ O B ~06enIZII~ MH aBTOpaMI1 MOTHBOB llpe~3Ha~eH0BaHHfi, nPkICYTCTBkIe B TeKCTe B - ~ I I H H3 ~a n a ~ ~ o e ~ p o n e f i c ~ PbuapcKoro oro poMaHa n a ~ ~ ~ n maccma. s ~ o f i n o r e ~ OHPI y H e n o u m a a a w e no nyn,I sbIacH e H m n p ~ woTrero ~ , ((CJIOBO o nomy Mropese)) ((TaKKpernco naxH ~ O T c c n a ~ o ~A n ?noreMy 3~01-oH e cAenan HH O ~ 113Hn o c x e w m i x ~ccnenosa~enefi ((Cnosa))?Bepoa~Hoorroro, TO EI AO peBoml@iHTOFO, KT0 BbIXOWJI B NCCJIeAOBaWIH 3TOrO naMHTHHSCa 3a YCTaHOBneHHbIe,BCXbMa OrpaHIPIeHHbIe BwMKOpyCCKO-naTpHOTIlreC-
60.m-
uulHCTBe Hey6epli~eJIbHb1 II JIeIXO IIOmaIoTCR KpHTme. O C T ~ ~ T C R
KypSIHaM)) 3Ta TeMa TaKTe reTKO BblpaTeHa, HO OHa OTO,I@kIH)"Ta Ha
rpo3HorO BOEIHCTBa B KHHX
Mexqy ((Cno-
BOM)) N n03MaMEI O C C ~ I npMB0AmibIe ~H~, ero OnnOHeHTaMll, B
B ((nomane
samnfi nnaH 6onee 0614eii M ~ I C . ~ Ko) n o c ~ o m ~ o6oeaori ii roToBrrocn l K ~ ~ C K HpXb ~ q a p e f i - ~ ~ m eof iwx , B ~ I C O K O~~ ~~ O ( ~ ~ C C I I O H ~ . ~ I BbIyYKe. ~ P 3 HTOM TeKCT ((C.rl~Ba>> 6.m1xe C T ~ P O @ P ~ I I U Y ~KCEIK XO~O
OCCH-
aHa AOJIXHbI 6 b ~ m B38Tb FIB ce6x CKenTMKI.1, I I p e U e B C e r O A. Ma30H. O ~ ~ K ecJm O BqkITb , ero ITpOTIIBHIIKaM, OH Ol-PaHkI9I.InCR06-
noxuufenue E;lt?~bt:180-183
Bo3spawascb K 3 a K J I e f i ~ e ~ H ($laHHUM)) bi~ CKenTkIKaM
~ ~
Kasanocb 6b1, TO 3 a 6 0 ~ y 06 O ~ C T O R T ~ . ~ I ~ H O COllOCTdBJIeHtIH M n03TkmkI ((CJIoBa))C XyAOTeCTBeHHbIhiH O C O ~ ~ H H O C T H M n03M ~I
B AaHHOM CJryrae 6eCryBc~BeHHblfi((KOPeHb~eJIe3Hblii))H 03Haram Mer, KOTOPbIM nOpOX,LEHa BOHHffBeHHaR, C MOMeHTa POTneHElH r O T O B a X K ~ P B H R M~ O T N HCRM . ~ I C J I OAB OO M~ Z I~H ~ H T OB~ CTaI O M ~ HnoaBneHns T ~ H a C B ~ T ,c CaMbIx neneHoK.
~ -
BpeMH, MOXHO BHJleTb H a IIpHMepe ( ( 6 e 3 p o ~ b ~KOCMOllO.rllITOB)) x'
T ~MIBennqaeulbcR TqeTHo ~ a n p a c ~ oo~saroii, ii A@rlHa, Epaq~bley3b1re611 He poanm, 11 MaTb H e n14~ana; H ~ HO T merresa yAap Il 6 e ~ ~ y B C T B e H H b l((KOpeHb fi ~ene31iblfi)) K XB3HB B033B&T,Ht:pOXJ(a11, ~e6rr113 OTqOBCKOrO MO3ra.
.m He c ~
HeJIaC-
IlpHBOmJIH n o ~ o 6 ~ b 1 Oe ~ B H H ~ H HBX IZellaTpHOTW3Me B COBeTCKOe
eMy He pacceKW
ronoBy Mereh.r EI noasnnacb A ( ~ H lHl p~o ~ a x o c - B o ~ ~ ~ e mcpasy ~uqa, B I I O ~ I I O M60eB0M noopyxenl.ni. Y rperecKoro n o 3 ~ aKo.rlny@a (KOHe11 V- Harano VI BB.), aBTopa nosMbl ccllomqeme E n e ~ b ~ Knn)), pkma ynpeKaeT A @ w HB~paccyAorHocTn 11 xono.mofi omare, 0 6 % ~ ~ Haa ?TOC ~ O C O ~ OpoxAeHHa M nocnem~eii:
HanpWMep, n. n. B X ~ ~ M C Km O a~nOO, %Hb
~ o s b r iIIpHeM i 0 6 w e . . ~ e p a ~ y p H 0Hf cnewa.m~oii i KPIITIMII, 0 6 ~ HeHHX B HeKOMIIeTeHTHOCTH H OTCYTCTBHW I ~ ~ KBPOmHe. H K reMy
IIpe~OJIOXkITb, 9TO H @ P ~ H ~ Y ~ C K C-& VaBHCT H e BbIAepXaJI 0
I O ~ ~
6 m ~ ~ K @ ~ ~H cOTKa3aJICX o H ~ OT CnJIOUIHOrO YTeHIIX nO3M, KOTOPbIe HeKOTAa OrapOBbIBa.V%I BCIo EBpony. B np0THBHOM CJryrae OH 6e3 TpyAa o6~apyx1.1~1 6b1 M e w ((nO3THreCKFiXKpaCOT)) B TBOPeHkIIIX M
((CJIOBOM)) H ((4IeBHeIIIOTIIaHACKWM)) 3nOCOM HeMan0 npOCT0 BOCMTHTeJlbHbIX napa~~nenefi H pa3IITeJIbHbIX CXOACTB.
T a ~ o cxo~cmo e s ymIaTpmaro BO nceBaoasbirecKoM anerameHEIH, KOTOPOe ~CJIOBO)) nPOH3BOLP.IT npI.1 CaMOyBepeHHO-nOBepXHOCTHOM K HeMY nOAXOAe, B KaXyIUeMCH OTCYTCTBHW B HCM WO~BTIeHklfiX P W C T H ~ H C K O ~ PeJItIIlIO3HOCTII ~ aBTOpa H CO3HaTeJIbHO @2KJIapHpyeMOMM
~ ~ K @ ~ ~ CX3ObIrH eCK OOM M XapaKTepe MIIPOBOCr r p ~ ~ . ~Ocama. lrr ( ( C O B ~ ~ I I I ~oresHmo, HHO r r o o xpHcTxaHcTse OH He nMen m a K o r o npeAcraaneHna, nocKo.may B ero nosMax M ~ I He B C T ~ ~ T P I M HW ~aneiiwero HaMeKa H a s ~ pye m m m ~a~11e-rm60 ee 0 6 p ~ ~ p r( )M ) ~ K @ ~ ~ Paccyxneme coH. 0 ApeBHOCTEI n03M OccHaH a , c. 9). Ma~@epcoH pa36npancn HaCTOmKO B HCTopIlIl XPNCTHaHffBa H reJIbc~0fiImOpEiH, r ~ o 6 b 1A , aTWpyH TBOPreCTBO O C C H ~ H ~ VeTbNM BeKOM, He AOnYCTHTb TaKNX ~ y 6 b l l1 P O~M a X O B B OTHOUIe-
HHH BpeMeHH lTpHH5ITm XpHCTWaHCTBa B ~
o
T
J
I H~3fipe, ~ I Kame
x y , M TO T TO npepponoxeHne Ha ocHosaHnn c ~ o m ToHKoro HIoaHca, acresamue Manoro cnena HeKOrAa BecbMa 06b1raoro o6uero MecTa, He mmmca ~ ~ C ~ O ~ B ~ Ha noKa H ~ I orpamivcb M , ?aMeZIamIeM,TO B J I I O ~ J I ~ H H 6e3y~ueB ~IX .?3aTaeT EI B 6onee p a ~ ~ epbII&IpcKofi fi JJMTepaType XII-XI11 BB.,nM1.i nombI poMaHa1 E e ~ y ane C~HT-Mopa, Baca, KptTbe~anc: Tpya kI ApyrEIX @ P ~ H U Y ~ C K M Xki HeMeIMEIX n03TOB m o m p a c u s m a KJraccEIsecKoro geona.nn3~a. P ~ C C M O Tnanee ~ H Mo6pa3c1 ~ ~ ~ ~ o B - I I o y~ MaKaepco~a T o B A necHeTBopueB B ((Cno~eo no-my M r o p e ~ ectCnamornaca~fi>>, ~. crapb~fineBeu A m n m , O ~ n3H ~ ~ H M 6~a pI n Xo ~~ 0 p o . m@ m r a n a (cp. EOHHm6nhie11 KoralIa Onera), K KOTOPOMY BpeMa OT Bpehiem o6paqamca OCCZI~H B CBOZIX PeMkIHBCueHIJHXX 0 CJIaBHbIX, repOEIrecKnx npommlx BpeMeHax, ctceno~nacb~fi)) ~ y m b ~Yf ni m i ~(, ( B ~ I raab~fi)) PPIHO,Korrrap 1.1ApyrkIe cocTaa.moT ~ a n o n o r n r e c ~p ~m~, i i c o o ~ a o c ~ ~ fcioc6ap a 3 0 ~c c n e c ~ o ~ ~ ocTaporo pua apeMemI)>seuer o E o a ~ aK, KOTOPOMY HeomoKpaTHo anenmIpyeT aa-rop ccCnosa))B CBOEIX o 6 p a u e ~ ~ 1 K a xElCTOpHreCKOMy npOuI.rIOMy. IIono6so T O M Y , KaK y M a ~ g e p c o ~YaK ~ I HA.IEJIHH, , CaM @Piman nPenCTaBJLXE0T CTapOe no OTHOIIIeHm K OCCZI~HY Pi m j T Z I M MOJIO,&bIM 6 a p n a ~ noKOJIeHZIe neBUOB, TaK EOXH OJIHIJtTBOpIIeTnpeEbWIUyI0 IlIKO-rIy KHXX E K E I X neBu0B no OTHOIIIeHlm,K TBOPuY ((6bI.w HOBOrO BPeMeHHD. A o n o . m ~ ~ e n bO~coc n a ~ a - M a ~ g e p c on ~aBTopa a c(Cnosa>> o6xemHHeT TaKOe BaXHOe KaWCTBO, KaK aKTkIBHaX aBTOpCKa5I nO3EIWI%:B 060ns CrIyYalIX IIOBeCTBOBaHZle BeneTCX, no C V H , OT JIEIua aBTOpa. O T C IHe06b19Hbdi ~ ~ ~ jMpZI3M Pi lTCkiXO.rIOI.E13M, O T - ~ I ' X ~ I O I U TBOPH~~ Y E K ~ I O himepy o60m aBTopoB OT ~ n a c c n r e c ~ o3nrnec~oCi fi 6ecnpnCTpacTHOCTZI. m.A. A ~ B I lTliWW, ~H ¶TO 3TI.I YepTbI, rIpI.laaIIHbIe M ~ K f$epcoHohiC B O W TBOPeHkllIM, 6 b ((BaXHblM ~ HOBLLIeCTBOM>),HeMano ( ~ C ~ O C O ~ C T B O B ~ ycnexy B ~ I M n o w . M ~ K ~ $ ~ ~ c. o npencTasrrn H.. CBOHM YEITaTeJMM He nPOCTO paCCKa3bI 0 IIPOIIIJIOM, HO npOHElKHy~ b r .e~ I Y H L I M~ ~ B C T D O TBopeHna M npecTapenoro cnenoro nesua (HeCMOTpa Ha X P ~ C T O M ~ T A ~ ~ H Oo6pa3a C T ~ CJlenOrO r o ~ e p a . A. r.), ~ o ~ o p bCa~Mf 6b1~1 i HeKOrna n o 6 e n o ~ o c ~ bBOweM m (cp . C 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ Hec~opa,cTaporo BonHa n BnTnn B Mmrane. -A. T.) n Tenepb, sewax o nomnrax CBOHX CoBpeMeHmoBrepoeB yuremIx ronoa, npocnaa.meT PIX.. . (cp. cnasb1 E o a ~ acccTapoMy S p o c n a ~ y x, p a 6 p o ~ y McTncnaBy, KPaCHOMY P O M ~ HCYB ~ I T O C J I ~ BH ~A. ~ Nr.). . 06pa3 O C C H ~K aHK ~6b1OCeHHeT n03MbI: T O OH 6ece~yeTC TeHXMEI YMepIJlnX repOeB, T O 0 6 p a u a e ~ c Ka ~e6ecHbIMCBtrrHnaM, MOpHM ki 3eMJHM (cp. 0 6 p a ~ e H ~S5 p1 o c - r I a ~ K~ bcomuy, ~ peKe, Bevy. -- A. T.),TO pa3-
I
~0pbK0fiW M H OIOnOJIEi ~~ (CP.CeHTeHIJHAE O H H0 ~Hen'%6 e x ~ o c r nm m 6 o r o C M ~ ~ T H O60xbe1-o ~O cyna. -A. I-.), TO nefiCTBYeT CaM B OllWCbIBaeMbIX C O ~ ~ I T I I R X (CP.X$@~KTnPIICYTCTBI.18 B BOCKJIEi4aHIIEI aBTOpa ((CJIOB~)): T TO MI4 IIIYMZITb, ¶ T O M I I VeMMTb nanese paHo npem ~ O P X M M . ..)>-A. r.). Korna x e OH He yracrByeT B CIOXeTHOM ~ ~ ~ ~ c T O BHHBCIeIPaBHO , IlPIlCjTCTBYeT KaK paCCKa'%YEIK, npwamunfi onpeneneaab~ii~ e n a ~ x o m s e c ~KonopnT nB nosecTBoB a m r ( M ~ K ~ ~ ~m. c oA.Hn .e s n ~ccIlo3b1b1 , Occna~a))Ax. M ~ K Qepco~a,c. 469). AJM AOKa3aTeTIbCTBa 3 T O r 0 CBOerO Te3UCa BOCTIOjIb3YIOCb 3aKmosemieM nccnenosaTe.rur, KoToporo q y m o ynpeKqm B crcen-rn¶eCKOM OTHOIIIeHIlM K ((CJIOBY)>, pa3Be ¶ T O B T O M , s T 0 OH CgMTaeT ~ B T O P C K H XapaKTep ~~ M3nOXeHkIa C ~ M O ~ ~ I T nOCTOHHCTBOM H~IM A OTmFEIeM . T ~ KM. , Epe~l1Hll&IIIIeT:(c3b16~oe COOTHOLUe Hne Mexny p e r m repoa n pewm " a ~ ~ o p Ba ""Cno~e"gIIaK, YTO " a ~ ~ o p By "Cno~e" " n p m a a q e x m naneKo He nocnemee Memo. OH, neiic~~n~e.m 3ano.mae~ ~o, c06om Bce n p o n 3 ~ e a e ~ OT n e Harana no KoHua. ronoc ero O T W T ~ I B O c.rLbImeH sane: B KamoM snmone, ema .rM He B Kaw0fi apa3e. MM~IIHO OH, " ~ B T o ~ "BHOCHT , B "CJIOBO"H MbIIIIJMeT 0
Ty q Z N € % X C y f O IXESEEO, ZI TOT TOP-
o ~ ~ ~ X T B ~ H H O - ~ O - ~
na@oc,KOTOPbIe TaK XapaKTepHbI pJuI 3 T O r O npOH3BeAemiX. B "Cnose o nomcy Mropese" H ~ Tn cnena xapaKTepHoro a m J I t T O M C M BHeUlHerO ' 1 0 6 % e ~ ~ Z ~ ~BZ ZI3JIOXeHI.M ~ 3 ~ a " ~ 0 6 b t TB~ne, TonEIcHoM paccKase q a ~ o ~ o ~ e p ~1160 o rmo a, r e pacc~a3TOT yTpaTE1.q 6b1 EIMeHHO T O , 9eM neTOnMCeII EIe M O r He nOPOXHTb llpe)KAt:BCer0, CBOW AOKYMeHTaJIbHOCTb. ~ P I I T J I Y I ~ I ~ HTOJIbKO H O M BY O, T a I 6 H ~ I Xw a r n npopbmamueMyca n p m o ronocy " a ~ ~ o p B a ncronncn, " B "Cno~e"~ ~ O ~ B O C T Ommehi E ~ T He cnepxnaaeMaa, racro npaMaa, B n0JlHb1fi r0nOC CKa7aHHaH perb " a ~ ~ o p aHenOcpeACTBeHHO ", o6paq e m a a K YuTaTem)>'z. 3Tn m e n e ~ omorueHna ~ ~ aBTopoB n K ~a~epna-m comay namT He T O - ~ K Ono cyqecmy nena, HO naxe B cBonx cnImc-rnsecKUX XapaKTepHCIliKaX, npIITOM, r T 0 EP~MMH B 1950 r . He M O r 3HaTb, K KBKHM BbIPaXeHKRM n p n 6 e r ~ e~ ~~ B H B C HBOeM OMCaHHM OT.rM9HTeJIbHbIX C B O ~ ~ C T lBl 0 3 3 1 1 W M a ~ @ e p c o ~ I~a H. ~ M ~ H ~ T EI ~ J I ~ n a - m ~ e m c~oes n a n e m : E p e ~ n Hcr~rrae-r,=ITO JDIYHOCT~ aBTOpa IIPORBJMeTCH II B 4 W C T O nOBeCTBOBaTeJIbHbIX 3nki3OnaX ( ( C ~ O B ~ > > : (t3AeCb aBTOp 0 6 ~ a p y m a ce6a, e ~ He B b I X O m 3 8 PaMKEInOBecTBOBaIMX,He B n o p m e c n e ~ l a . m ~ o oTc-rynneHna ro OT " n o ~ e m ~a"O, ~ O BpeMeHHo c HW, B p e nponoxemoM m Hee pycne. Cmna omocmca
npexne Bcero -re 3nnsom1 "no~ecm"o noxoae Mropa Ha nonoBueB, rae " ~ B T o ~BTIIrMsaeT " B CBOGpaCCKa3 T ~ I B O T H ~PiIpa~T~TemHb1fi ~~ M H ~ OTAeJIbHbIe , CTMXNEI n p n p o a ~Aenaa , nx EIenocpeAcTseHHbIMn ysacrHEmaMu nsnaraehlblx c06b1mii)). K ~ mrrepaTypHoe K Hosruemo H3. A. J ~ ~ B MonpeAemeT H (cncax o n o r ~ r sp~a~c ,n p o c - q a ~ a e ~ bM ~ i~i K @ ~ ~ C O HaHnpnpony, OM npuBneYeHne n e k a x a B KaZIeLTBe~ a m o icio c ~ a ~ . m m e~f i~ s n o ~ e m x , o n p e ~ e m u e i ni Hac-qoeHne repoeB, a o6m1ii ~ M O W O H ~ ~ H ~ KOJIOPMT nPOI13BeAeHIIR. ABJIeHWI lTplipOmI B n03MaX O C G I ~sac~H~ T O BbICTJTlaIoTKaK HeKEIe lTpOQaMMHbIe CIlMBOlIbI, IIpea3HaMeHOBa~ n a a a m ~ e i i r u ePr o~ ~ B ~ T c06b1mii. E I X B o6pasax BeTpa, neneHbI ~ y MaHa, noToxa orHa R B ~ U I ~ T C Rnpnspax Kpyrana, npemeuaa nopax e m e K o ~ ~ a rnr ynpnawcKoMy repom K y x y m ~ By nome ( ( C ~ e p ~ b KyxymHaD; TeHb Kamapa npa6mxae~caB .Ty=IeCBeTa Ha OH^ BeYepHero narepa n p n a m e B , Y T O ~ I13BeCTHTb ~ I K y x y m ~ a0 m 6 e m ero B n p e ~ c r o a ~ e6ini ~ B ce 6 e m a ~ ~ 1 . Boo6ue-TO,B CBeTe TBOpsecTBa B e p r n m , o ~ m m n KOTOPOn ro Ha M a ~ a e p c o ~J al e s a ~npeKpacHo ocsenoMneH, npncTano 6b1 rOBOpkITb He 0 ((HOBIUeCTBe)),a 0 M H O ~ O B ~ K O BTpaAkim O~~ MCnO.T&sosaHm neibaxa, o B O B X ~ (aaclpoemii) ~ ~ I npErpopbI B ~ M O ~ O H ~ J J 1ro-n306pa3~1~em~b1ii p m ~ r Aaxe, n B npnMeHeHm K Maxaepco~y, 0 HBHOM ((PiCTOPkIYeCKOM))nTIaTkIaTe, XOTR B AaHHOM C V a e MCnOJIL3OBaHkIX HeKOTOpOrO o6uero nO3TIIYeCKOrO ITPMeMa E l He npPiHXT0 3aOCTPHTb BHHMaHIle Ha 3TIIYeCKHX aCneKTaX 3aHMCTBOBaHkIH. B napamem K n o B e n e m Mropa, npe~e6peramueroco-mesHbIM 3aTMeHkleM, repOXM n03M O C C ~ CI B ~OH~ ~~C T B ~AHy X~ HnPOTkIB0pesm K BeneHmM poKa n BenpoposemaM: Onman, B O T B ~ Ha yrposar BemnecTBeHHoro Ayxa no~pl,C ~ J I I . I X ~ ~ M OMa~aepco~O HOM CO CKaHAHHaBCKHhf R3bI9eCKHM 6 o r 0 O ~ J ~ ~ I H BbIpaTaeT OM, vespeme n Aaxe nomMaeT Ha Hero Mes: ((Csep~amwuCi nyrb 6yna~a lTPOm3an YrpIOMOrO np~npi3KJTlwpacrm6IBa~cbB BOsWe,ClTOBHO ~~IMHI,$I C T O B~ ,O C X O m ~ nonyyracmeiinew, KorAa pacceYeT ero namca IoHqa)) ( M ~ K ~ ~ ~Kapmaypa, c o H . c. 122). O T M TOR ~ , B ((Cno~e)) maTaeT cronnos, OrHeHHbIx n O ~ ~ ~ Ya H TaKxe ~ I ~ Xe ,g e i i xapasryxmrx, TO e m 6yna~~blX. Apyroii n p m e p ( ( H e p a m e n s o r O > > OTHOmeHPiH K BbICIIIZIM,IIOTYCTOPOHHHM CNnaM HBJIIIeT K o p ~ a p , npeaoK Ka~rhiapa,KOTOPOMY 6ypa nohteuana r r p e m p m BoeHHym a ~ ~ ~ 0k6 ew u,a s r u p r r p m e m eMy cnaBy: ((He~nii ~ y oma-1 x BO3MYTWSI H09b. B 3 ~ a e ~ Mope c n Pi Q O X O r y T CKaJIbI. BeTpbl rOHIIT Baam 06narca. M o n m MWCR Ha OrHeHHbIx K P ~ U I ~ X XYCT~IJ@UICR .
v.
I ~ ~
OH n npncran K seMne, a noToM y m m i ~ ~ cTpaxa.. ca .H K o p ~ a p maTam BO BPeMX 6ypn ~ p a w e 6 m eaMy n p n s p a ~c, y p no C M ~ I C J Ino~ BermTeJur 6ypb, ti norpyTaeT eMy ( ( c B o6~y~n a ~B TeMHOe rpeB0. Cb1~ se-rpa nomy.131.16~ ~ 0 3 ~ y m 1n ey. ~ na ssesaI s e p ~ y r m c b(Max~ @ ~ ~ c o@PiIWZlJI, H. KH. 111,C. 38). 3 ~ e OTMeTEIM ~b n0JIIlb6 ~ a 6 o mnep H I I ~IIplipOm, KOTOpbIe AOIITHLd YCTpaLUkITb repox: ((BO3MyIIleHHaX HOYb ,1p03a, 6ypa, 6yp~oe Mope, BmpbI, o6nma T p ,KpbmaTbIe MOnHUH)),n0lIHb6 KOMnJIeKT KOTOpbIX COAepTEiT Pi ((CJIOBO)). B BOCnpOIl3BeAeHMMMOTHBa HellOKOpHOCIM CBOHX repOeB BbKCRJIe AT. Ma~$epcoH~ ~ ~ x H TBeCbMa c x 6msx0 K r 0 M q l J ' (cP., HavMep, B ((MmaAeH rrpOTtiB0CTOHHHe A m a PeYHOMY Cory, O ~ e T B O p nOTOKa e ~ K c a ~ a a(IIecHb XXIII), paHeHHe Aap0mn 1 ( M m a ~ aV: . 330-340) n caMoro 6ora BOWI Apeca ( M m ~ a ~V: a. 865-863) AROM~AOM, s a c ~ a ~ m xmeneii ~ m O.mMna nolCHHyTb MecTo cpaxemn), B o6pase ((cbwaBeTpa)) sarnmbIBaeT n B ((MeraM O P ~ O S ~ L OB~AHH. )) ABTOP((CJIOBB)), ~ O A O ~ Hr o O ~ e p yTOXe , CYNTaeT, T O ((KT0 Ha 6 o r 0 OnOJIYaeTCR, ~ T O T He m B e T AOmOJIeTeH)),HO, B COOTBeTCTBIIFI co CBOHM XpwniaHcmM B ~ ~ . ~ U L I [ OHMa cym6y SenoBeKa, BbIpaxaeT 3T0 B OAO~PHTCT&HOM OTHOIIIeHAIl K CeHTeHWII ~ O X no H ~nOBOAY Bcecnasa, n p e ~ c r a s m u e inapaapas i 6n6neiicxoro Texma. Apyraa ycrroiiwiBan aHanorna M e w ((C~OBOM)) FI cclTo3~a~n OCCM~H COCTOMT ~ ) ) B TOM, ¶TO B HPiX HbIHeLUHXR WIEI 6ynyuaa UIaBa, KOTOPp CTpaCTHO MeYTaIOT 06pecm repon, nOCTORHH0 COnOCTaBIureTca c ((npemieii)),6bmoii cna~oii,npnseM He co cna~oiiOTUOB, a UMeHHO CO c J I ~ B oA~eA ~OB EDlM npaAeAOB. TOTTe, n0 HbIHeIllHIlM JIMTepaTypHaIM Pi PealIbHbIM MeprcaM, BeCbMa w ~ C T J M B ~ IKa-map ~~ BbIcTynaeT c T a m xapmepHbIM samnemeM: ccC~om6eccrparue~6bm M O ~ ~Pi~KO~ A J I ,Mn~oP~ o 6 CBOPiM e ~ npaoTuaM. nPilub nODJiHMeTOH MeY kI OnaCHOCTb 6 e m . KTOAepsaeT, Tor0 BeHYaeT yCneX)) (Maxa e p c o ~Onwan, . KH. 111, C. 38). ~M JIOJ~H~OM PYKOBOACTBOBBJICIIM r ~ p bKOrAa , He ~ O A O ~ H Lm B~ICT~IM B noxon, ~ npe~e6peraa~ b ~ o~ i~i T M ~r H p oWs ~ I ,b ~ CTO~n Ham B O ~ M ~ ~ HOW, H H O~ ~ o~T M B o A ~ ~ ~ C T B BVHO~BMCT~H~OSIIX BHYKOB ( 0 9 e ~ b C X O X H X , M e w npO¶HM,C M ~ K @ ~ ~ C O H O B C K((CbI~LM HOM B V a ) ) Pi no ~ O A C T B ~ H H O CBRJR ~~ CO C T ~ I ~ ~ O ~ O M - kI ~ n0 OJIOM B ~ ~ w x ~ ~ H o~ Ce IM i i m e )xorm , caMopepemo sam-m: (qolqy ma~y CBOIOnpnAoxnm, a ~ m s oncnnrn wer\omom A o t q ~ B ? sacm B ~ T POB, no B C BepOXTHOCTH, ~ o614d 3HaMeHaTeJIb OTbICKMsaeTCR Y Beprmm: no npocb6e ~ H O H 30n ~ I BbmyCKaeT Ha C B O ~ O A YCBOHX
c ~ I H o B - B ~ ~~ ~O (cp. B B ((C-XOB~)) ((CTPA~O~EIX BHYKOB)), BeH)mIXC MO~R(!) c l p e n a ~ n )KOTOPbIe , YcIpaHBaMT Ha Mope 6ypm H MetIIaIoT 3HeI0, KaK K o p ~ a p yAOCTHr'HJ'I'b , CBO& JJenEI, W , B qaCTHOCTk1, MmTa BbICamH B M~aJEiki,r e OH C COPaTHIIKaMW-TPOmaMMPaCC9UTbIBaeT 06pecrn B e s H p CJIaB)'. .hITepaTYpHbIe nOTOMKU 3THX BeprEilMeBCKMX repOeB y M ~ K @ ~ ~kIcKHRnbH o H ~ B cccnose)) ~ ~ K B ~ J I ~ H O OAepXHMblpaTHbIM AYXOM, MeYTaMH 0 1pXJIyI~efi11 3aBlICTbH)K 6b1JIoG CJIaBe npeAKOB. TO J'CTaHaB-mIBaeTTeCHyKl CBRnb repOH4eCKkiX nAeanoB a xnsHeHHbIx y c ~ p e ~ n e ~nepco~axeti nti ccl7os~Occna~a)), ((Cnosa o nomy Mropese)) c KoMnneKcoM aHmwbIx npeacrasneHHG 0 ClIaBe KaK B ~ I c I I I ~UeHHOCTkI G 11emHCTBeHH0A O C T O ~ H Oue.rM ~~ npexomrqeii 3e~H0gXIISHN. n p o s e p n ~nanee Ha MaTepwane occnaaoBcKlIx nosM, TaKoe r n ~ He06bIsHoe M HCKmO¶WTer[6HOeIIBXeHHe npenCTaB.W€X ccXaHpOBOe c~oeo6pa3ae)) ((Cnosa)),saKmoxIamweeca,no onpe~e-vea~no, B coseTaHkikI B paMKBX ODEIOTO lTpOki3Bf2AeHIIII((CJIaB))H cmna~efi),.C T ~ O ~ O ~ O B O ~BR((C-VOB~)) , IIawe Bcero T O - ~ K OnAeT pesa o cwasax a m a s a x , a pea.r[6Hb18 T ~ K C T O B 0~ 6G % ~TaKHX YSaCLXOB, KOTOPbIe M O r P HenocpeAmemo m a m @ m u i p o ~ a m cBaKasmme H ~ ~ B ~ H I maIrpoI ~ I X B~IX 06panuoa -onucaHrIe rposaocrw Csmo~vasaKnescKoro c ynoMufraHneM, YTO ehiy ccnomT cnaBy)), rnnep6ona B xapanepnc-rmax MoryqecTsa B C ~ B O ~.rpn O ACVOKU ~, B ccnnase PYCKRX mew) u orno C ~ O B O((c.vaBa))B KoHesHoM, npoTnBopesawehi B C ~n#o r m e npon3BeneHnm npocnasneHnu M ~ o u ~ ero R cbrHa - osem ~ese.mw.TaK 'ITO n p o 6 . v e ~ a ' Ha ~ ~K, O T O ~ O nR k ~ x a r e~ ~~ M ~ TcocpeAoTarasaaH O CH, OCIlOBbIBaeTCH Ha OseHb CKPOMHOhi MaTepHaJIe. He paCCYNTbIBaR Ha 6naro~apHoCTb,nomepay ero, no6aann sno.mae peanbaym ((XyJIJ')),KOTOpaH 3aICTWYaeTCR B COAepXaI3HkI aKpOCTHXOB, KOMMeHTqyKlII@iX HeKOTOpbIe H3 Ha3BaHHbIX ((UIaB)),B R3BkITe.*bHblXXapaKTepIlCTIlKaX ApyrEIX K H I ~ ~AOCTaTOYHO ~G, OlIIYTkiMO npOTJui4bIBalOrunx u B ((OTKPLITOM)) TeKme, n y ~ e m s ywcno ccmaHpoB)),cowxamII@iXCR B ((CJIOB~)). A 3aTeM BJTJIHHeM, KaK o~CTOHTACYIOC XaHPOBbIMW COseTaHKRMR B TeKCTaX
[email protected] BOT KaK: m 6 a a I13 n03M O c c ~ l a ~nepenomeaa a cccvasaMn)) n manoti, BocxBanewmn neaHUG Koponeii A AX A O ~ J I ~ C T H ~ IBONHOB, X HeIIPepbIBHO YepeJQTOI4EIMHCR C TOpbKUhlW, 3aMeTbTe, MaWMU XeH Ei B O ~ J I I ? ~ J I ~ H H ~0I CBOX lIX norn6mnx, MHOTOCJIeRHbIX, HO CBOmWXCR, KaK npaBMJI0, K ~ ~ ~ x E K ~ H ~ki HHallbILLle~~~fi H o ~ PEiTOpHKe. OrpaHH~cbJIMIUb EIeMHOr a ~ npmepaMa, a npoaBma Manocepme K qaTaTe.m: ccBecenbn 6 y k o r o rnac pannancs. H a c r p o e ~ b~~p e n m ~ o - p a ~ o c ap@b~. r~b~e
Eap~blBocneaatoT GHTBLI repoen n B ~ I C O K O ~ ~ Y Kpacasnu. ~,IX Earn TaM n YJUIIIH,6apn Q n ~ r a n a c, n a ~ o c r m ~rnac i i x o m a K O H ~OR I. CJIaBNn A O q b CHerOB Li BbICOKOpOAHOrO BOXAH Mopsetia)) (
[email protected] n ~ r a n KH. , 111, C. 37). B ccnpnaWcKoM pary)) nosmwa M ~ K K~HPoB~IG rn6pw @epcoHa3aCJIymElBaeT BHMMaHMX e w COYeTaHHe aBTOBOCXBiUIeHIlR C 3aKa3HbIM nJIa'ICM 0 ITl6enn CJIaBbI: cc. ..BM, W ~ ~Ro m e i iK, ~ T O ~ ~yme I XH ~ T Ha CBWe, c o n y ~ c r s y i i ~ e Kyxy.m~yn roBopnTe c HI~M B neqepe c ~ o p 6 nero. M60 Bnpem Hmorna He 6 y ~ yn masen cpem Moryrnx ~ o n ~ e n e3f~i 0 f 3eMm.. I . K O H H He ~ ,rOBOpkI MHe 6omme 0 ~ ~ H H OTolnna X , MOR CJIaBa . MOH B3AOXli YAP MeIIIaTbCR C BeTpaMA K ~ O J I AOKOne ~I, CneDI MOH He COVYTCR. A T ~ I6enorpy~aa , Eparena, o n n a s non16enb cnaaa1 meti...))(
[email protected], KH. IV, C. 50). JIerxo p a s m ~ m ba, o M ~ K ( ~ ~ ~n0c oO H~ ,~ I K H O B naCeTcR ~ H ~ ~ , Ha ~ J I o A o ~ O A H OHHBe ~~ r o ~ e p a Beprn-ma (ceTosa~k1sr e ~ ~ o np Aw.ma, a 3 ~ 11 Te y p~~ a Ha YTpaTy WaBbI n =I€ZTN).MLIme BCnOMHEiM apPiI0 Mrops H3 Onqbl 6opomwa ccl7orn6no Bce: R seen Moa, n cnaaa ...)), TO X O T ~N He CJMIJJXOM KOPpeKTHO B OTHOIIIeHMI NCTOWIEIKOBeAeHZ1H ((CJIOBI)), HO ~ M U I H Upa3 ~ yKa3bIBaeT Ha MHOTOn.XaHOBOCTb ~~113eii OnpeAemm ~ kuefi x N r p e ~ c ~ a s n e ~((Cnosa)) ~ i i i c ~HTWYHOGno33aeti. B hiO3aHKe bIfi MaK@epcoHAeJIatT npHMeqamie: d V h . r ~ c ~ b lnorcpoB, fi BOJMOXHO, 0 3 ~ a s a3ea~m e m e ~T, ~ M CaMbIM n o m e p a a a , qTO A
TOEme, nepaofi K
~ H H ~ Inapacjpa3 G COCTpXlTaH Ha
OCHOBe
H (Ceopm)), ~ n3 KOTOPOG~ 3 m b~1 O K cR(arm-
CTbIM nOKPOBOM)), CE). (( E x e m C O A H ~ ~ KpyrnpII H ~ I ~ BOCXOAe IIOKpOe-rcn KpanoM, cnpmeTcH ecnu BO m y H cepeaKa ero oMpaumcn, am HenpeMeHHO A O U ~ ~..>> . M H T ~ ~ ~ ~HX ~ KaK T ~OnHcaHax w R 3aTMeHHH, B AaHHoM cxyYae HeonpaBnaHHa. Y B e p r m c o m e sbIcryna-
eT K a K aa116onee ~a~CXHblfi, IumorAa He 06~aHblBaIOr~kifi HpeDeCTHkIX I p A y m I X C O ~ ~ I T * :
C O J I H~~ ~e 060 6 BCeM ~ M3BeCTMT. KTO COJIHUe nochien 6 b 1 ~ ~ X M B ~H Im M B a T b ? 0 rJIyXMX M I I T e X a X , 0 K03HIIX He3pMMbIX npenynpexnae~OHO, o T ~ ~ ~ KHO~ M~ Y X ~ I O L~~ oMi Xi ~ a x . ~ ~ ? O ~ Z U KKH. U , 1: 463-465
~ a ~ e Hmo ~ , epxmom w a ~ o i iH, K a p m m m I e 6 a ~ a J I b l T a ~ p ~ o m e c ~may arr Ma~aepco~ ~ 0a0 6 z q e s b r p a x e H a OTHOCKTeJIbHO ma6ee, 9 e M B ((Cnose)).06.bmne~kie B O ~ ~ H B~TIO, P x e m e r y x e 3 e ~ u eB ~o c r r p m n M a e T c R B k i 3 n o x e ~ m iM ~ K @ ~ ~ c o rrpewe scero K ~ Kmqmri4 B ~ I S O B~ o p o mB,o e H a w m H u K y , K a K ewe O w 0 M C n b I T a H H e ero J M W O ~ ~x p a 6 p o m ~ ki ~06neclu. B o k a , COpeBH O B a H k i e B M y X e C T B e , r e P O M 9 e C K Z I e AeRHkiR B H a A e w e 06pecm1WZeCHr p o 3 ~ b 13 e
H b r e cuem.
M ~ K @ ~ ~m cao mH I 06pawae~cxKMOTHBY 3 a ~ ~ e m CO-mua, x K a K A e J I a e T 3T0 M a B T O P ((CJIoBa)), r r p a B A a H e T a K XBHO H H T e p n p e T k i PYX er0 K a K l l p e A 3 H a M e H O B a H E i e , H O 3 a T O
6onee 3 M O u H O H a J I b H O ~ 3 0 6 -
P a X a X l l O C T O X H H y I o n P k i 9 a C T H O C T b ~ T k i X H f i ~ bCEDI 1 ~ qeJIOBe9eCKkiM AeXHkiXM
.
TM ki C J I a B H O r O EMeHEI)) l l p k i 3 H a e T C R TJIaBHbIM 3 a H R T U e M M Y T 9 H H b I .
Aaxe B 3 T O M MOTEiBe, ~ e 3 B b 1 9 a 6 ~B 0a T H O M CkiMBOJMKI.1 I.1 np~wimi06 normn ga6ym1 ceCnosa)),n o s M b I O c c n a ~ aK, a K B ~ M 0 6 ~ a p y x k i ~ as m a M~e r a T e . m H o e CXOACTBO c OCHOBH~IMr r p e m e T o M H a I I I e r O B m M a H k i X . B ( ( ~ ~ A o H w H ~ )MOTEIB ) 3aTMeHkIR @ O P M B . ~ H O
Borma
OTCYTCTBYeT, C M Y I N ~ H a~MI e K H a H e r 0 O T M e 9 a e T C R JIMllIb B ~ P O C T ~ ~ H -
6 ~ 1 1 n30 C J I e w e r o p a 3 0 6 p a ~ ~ o cnyrax r0 c ccnasrrrwm c o m u e M ) ) , A a n A ~ Y ~ M M H y x a 3 a ~ m 1 cmmcTmecmmn ~n n C ~ ~ ~ ~ O H H O - C M napan~ I ~ B ~ JIeJMMH, peBki3kiki H e MeIIIaJIO 6b1 I l O m e p m Y T b BCe B O 3 p a T e H k i R M
p a w CJIaBbI, CJIaBbI J I W I H O G M CJIaBbI P O A a , CJIaBbI 6ynyueii, T c T b ki ~ O C M ~ ~ T HHO e~m~ 3. ~ H e B m e T b B 3TOM acneme B ~ R H Ha M~ ~ K @ ~ ~repolisec~oii coH~ nosTrnI.1 p b I u a p c KkIX P O M a H O B T M n a ( ~ H ~ H C T O PBOO n a~mO a ) ) , ( C~apnnnb~e AHH npnxom-r Ha naws-ra Qmrany, Korna OH ssnpam Ha CJIaBy CbIHa)) ( T e ~ o p aKH. , 111, C. 195), - Cp. (tnOMHsIlIeTb 60 mpeb1x5 BpeMen yco61qes.
Korna nncan ewe B 1835r.: ((Han"C~OBOM o nomcy M r o p ~ H" O C ~ C I I B HameM p e cnmaoe nono3peHne B ~ n c r n c j ~ m a mOHO n , rcpemo naXHeT OCCU~HOM; er0 apa3b1 CJIOBHO BbVOeHbI II0 M ~ K @ ~ ~ c o H o BbIM.. . Heki3BeCT~bIfiCOqWHEiTeJIb "CJIOB~ 0 nO.XKy Mropese" 6b1n KIeJIOBeK, H ~ ~ A T ~ Hr H o ~p Ga ~ e B~ e, p r m e ~PI L . ( ~ I I J ~ ~ o H oAyM, Man no-JIaTbIHW W ITkICaJI H a CJIaBIIHO-PYCCKOM IIIKOJIbHOM PATOpllr e c K O M HapeWH, BbIpaXeHkiRMH, O ~ O P O T B M HW I$OPMYJI~MW
JIaTkIHC-
~ 0 fn033HA i XVI W
XVII BB. "CJIOBOo nomcy MropeBe" - osem xopornee B cBoeM pone
mTepecHbIe p e 3 y m ~ a ~ bnpespawamca 1,
p a 6 o ~ y IIpllAeTCII, , B Mepy
MamIx y c n m x ~ a n o - n o ~ a Bn TIIweJryIo y
CWn, 3aHIITbCII ((~~AoHQHHo&)CO BCeM
nyraHHhIM K J ~ ~ K Oee MTeKcronomrecKHx n p o 6 n e ~ H weonornrecKAX T ~ H A ~ H W O ~BH AXOHHTepIIpeTaIJHM. CT~~~
TO
TOT caMb1fi MO-
AXTOMYA x e p o ~ y AOJI)
MeHT, K O r A a J I I O ~ A T ~ . J I ~ - L V K ~ H T J(no I~M~H XeH YCTJQl&ITb MeCTO H a 06-e
mmxaHCa
~~oI#I~ccAoH~.~I~HoMY
K ~ ~ M ~ H HeYpaCC%WbIBaII . Ha TO, YTO MHe YnaCTCII IlpW.miW0 Cma-
B W ~ C I cI TeKcronornrmkiMw yxa6a~k1, nposanaMw A moxoii skm-
llpOH3BeAeHkie IXiTOMUa ~ ~ B O B C KaKaAeMllzl O ~ kI3 PYCCKWX WJM nA-
MOCTbK),n0lTbITaH)CbBCe-Tam OCWIHTb A 3TY piCTaHIJW,llOCK0.m-
K n e ~ c ~ oaKaneMm ii n3 r a m a H~a TeMy, sanamyro no rac-
K y no B ~ I ~ ~ ~ H HMO HMOYOnaCHOMy ~ ~ H a n p a s n e m J@iJIkiXaHCbIr0cynapmeHHaIx aKwoHepHaIx ~ o ~ n a ~ ws-sa w i i normrasec~ofiA ~ K O H O M H ~ ~ CHeBbITO.llJXOCTH KO~~ MapUIPJTa H e XOmT.
ToMUa
T W PWTOPLMH A IIkDiTMKA, W II He M O Y HEfKaK IIOHXTb, ' I T O ~O M H0 6bmo ApeBHee BpeMem n e ~ p a B e m o r o . r o p a s ~ cKopee o O T H 6b1 ~ a ero K Harany qapmBoBaHkw C ~ a m c n a ~ a - A s r yBa llomme, a T. e. K ~ o j3noxe, i Korna c T p a m K c n a ~ m c ~ o~j in ~ o n o r KmcnaBm, CKIlM NCUIeAOBaHWIIM 6blna CIZTfbHO B036yWeHa B ~ 0 iCTpaHe i W IIO-
p0Wana MHOXeCTBO Me.XKHX I I ~ O A ~ B ~ A3T ~ OM HA HanpaBJIeHWW, ~B B TOM rkIcxe H n o ~ ~ e n o ~ ~ ' ~ ~ .
E
~6b1IHe ( ( ~ ~ A o H I J I ~M~OH XH ~ O) )6b1no , 6b1 llpHHIITb BbICKa-
3bIRaHEW C~HKOBCKO~O KaK rny6o~ne W TOrHbIe OrIpeAeJIeHkIR nO3Tki-
rec~ofin p ~ p o m((Cnosa)), ~ BKmoYaR BpeMeHa ero Bo3mHoBem%. ~ Y I I I K E I HAMen OCHOBaHEW, K O r A a lTkiCaJI, ¶TO MHOlXe 213 CTa~eg C~HKOBCKOrO ((AOCTO&~I6blr1113amTbMeCTO B JIyWIIEiX A3 ~ B ~ o I I ~ ~ c I C H X
XypHanoB)). He 6 y ~ CneIIIkiTb e ~ c BbIBonoM, rTo ((CJIOBO)) A m , TOrHee CKaWTb, TeKCT C 1800, KaK HeKOTOpaII apaHXklpOBKa CO, IIpWrOTosneHo no M ~ K + ~ ~ C O H O B peuemaM, C K ~ HO y x e ceiisac IICHO, w o ero aBTOp XOPOIIIO 3HaKOM C VeZIeCKkiM A naTk3kICKkiM aHTHWibIM 3nOCOM, CO CpeAHeBeKOBbIhl PbIUapCKkiM POMIHOM, 3HaeT JI~TP~HCKW?
n I
nepsbIx 3 ~ a n a x npnHecmee MHe npn c p a s m e m H o
~ e p o m oHeKoTopbre , myme esponeiic~we & TOTO, B KaK0fi M e p e TeKCT ((3an0HLlInHb1))B CBO& CaMO-
rpeqecmii A, oseHb
R3bIKW.
cromem~oiir a m A B cjparxie~~ax, TaK nmi m a q e ~ o p p e ~ ~ ~ y r o w x c TeKCroM C1800, oTpaxaeT Hamepie Toro x e r o ~ e p wa Bepr m a conepxame cmxpomoii A n p e m e c ~ ~ y m m ecc3anomji He)) 3allaJI.~0eBp0IIefi~K0fi n033HA, 38BWCNT OTBeT Ha BOIIpOC, HaCKOJIbKO C-HO ((CJIOBO)) naXHeT OCCHBHOM HJIM Xe aBTOP ((CTIOs a o nomcy Mropese))snome caMocrommao 06pamanca K a H m , HbIM A PaHHeCPeAHeBeKOBbIMHCTOYHkiKaM, 6bll13M OH TeHkIaTIbHbIM
CpeAHeBeKOBbIM n03TOM WJM AaXe 60~zee reHHaJIbHbIM BbIllyCKHUICOM
K A ~ B C KAO~ X~ O~ B H OaKaaeMm. ~~ HemoTpa H a Bce siexename, nocnopmHoro asapTa nccnenosamie, H a
CKO~KY n p e m p m o e n3
156
LA.
kI flOM€pv€ COAHqe, n sae'kca qepKoeHaxh pa3ApacA nocpe~li(JlTIyK. 23: 25). eBaHremCTOB 0 TbMe B IUeCTOM YaCY CJIeiryromee:
Bce 3T0 TBK, HO OTKyAa B3XJI EYSIT~KOB TbMY H TyYy, lIpHXOWIIQTO
C MOPR N TpeneTHbIe MepUaHHR M
O
~ npOHH3blBalOlI&NX , pO3-
nym ~ y q y a, M O T ~ Bnamqero ~ H O RH x a x a ~ OH ? ABaxmI M necbMa onpeneneHHo rimer o connqe, TonyqeM B Mope, Korna
onncbmam
cTpanamR Jlesnx Ma~serr, BrUeBrrrero M ~ K H Mncyca A ~ p e 6 o s a ~ r n e -
0 XPYICTMAHCKYIX OCHOBAX XYAOXECTBEHHOTO MbllllAEHMR ABTOPA ccCAOBA 0 nOAKY MTOPEBE,, Bo scex venosevec~uxdenaxnpexde sceto docmoli~aru 3 y v e ~ uucnio~td. ~ Xo3e+ P ~ H ~ H
MSB~LTHO,YTO B m 6 0 nene ~ caMoe Tpymoe -Harano, B oco~ ~ H H O C T IK I ,O r n a 0 npeJ@feTepa3rOBOpa yXe CKa3aHO TaK MHOrO I.1 6e3 B m M O r O &Dl CyqeCTBa BOnpoca pe3y.XbTaTa.
T ~ He KHaqaTb .rM
HaM, 6 p a ~ mB, onpeLU2IeHHoM CMbICJIe C KOHUa 3Ty Tpy.Z&HJWnOBeCTb 0 XPNCTHaHCKI.IXCOCTaB.WIOI4iX n03TI.IIiI.IkI XPNCTHaHCKMX OCHOBaX xynoxecTseHHoro M~ILIIX~HI.IR aBTopa
((Cnosao nomcy MropeBe*, a
I.IMeHII0C @ ~ K T O BB O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T 3 BTH HX I I XPHLTHaHCKkIX OCHOB Ha T O W -
BeAeHne, c o 3 ~ a ~ cnycTH ~ o e 800 ner, B Te r o p r , Korna H ~ T H O e cMen a 3aNKHYTbCRO H ~ B ~ I H O C I . I MnOUIJIOCTH, O~~ H e r O B O P R YT 0 6 j ' ~ ~ a . T b HO Y ~ ~ I ~ ~ C T B nOAJIOCTll ~ H H O ~ ~TaKEIX nO,wTHYeCKHX IIp-XbIKOB, KaK ((llI.IJIaTZIIIHaH, ((llOnOBI4kiHa))ki ((UepKOBHOe ~ p a ~ o 6 e c n e n .
&U HBneHnR TaKOrO
YyAa,
K a K ~ ~ J J ~ ~ K O BpOMaH, C K N ~Mano ~
MYXeCTBa, BAO.XHOBeHHR I.1 TanaHTa, TaKMe nPOII3BeAeHPM HaXOWTCR
e u r n He
Tefi
3a rpaHbm, TO Ha IIpenene
a, no-BIWOM~,He pomamTcrr
senoaerecKax
BOSMO~OC-
6e3 nOM04H csbIme.
Ecm we
B3RTb O K T B B O ~IT ~ OAIIXC II OnYCTnTbCR H a np03a~YecKkifi rmTepaTyposeff~ec~a yposem, ti MOHMO yTBepmaTb, mo KapmHa HaIIIeCTBHR
T ~ M H~a IH e p y c a m ~ y
Eysrra~osamee-r,B n e p B p osepe-, ~ o w y HCXOna kI TeKCT0JIOTkiZIeCK)'IOO n O P Y B naKOHUYHbIX c 0 0 6 m e ~ n ~ x E e a ~ r e m f iB, r.rIaBax, noBecTBpLwIx o C M ~ ~ TMacyca H H a KpecTe: ulecraro me vaca r m a sbicrh no ecen sem~n,~o vaca AeeAraro
( M ~ T @27: . 45). B Esamemn OT M a p ~ TaKxe a nh.reercrrnono6aaa KpancaR @pass map^. 15: 33), a TaKxe 3amcb o TOM, wo pacmTue Mncyca CBepIllHnOCb B TpeTbeM 9aCJ': E'k X€ W C ' h T ~ E T H HH PACnAwa ero map^. 15: 25). JlyKa n o 6 a ~ n r r eK~a 3 s e m m i Apyrnx 158
E.A.
ro, ((w06b16or ToWac xe nocnan Memya c ~ e p ~Bbn~e p. ~ b ~pa3 fi OH TaK orpenemer 6 e 3 x a n o c ~ ~ o co.mqe, e cacoTopoe cnonsano Bce HIITe, YjJJDiHXSTeHH II YXOm, 9 ~ 0 6 bYnaCTb 1 B Cpe~ll3e~~ Mope...)) Oe n BO B T O P O ~pa3: ~ cc ...Jle~niiysnnen, YTO Bce B M n p e , non BmvIHneM r n ~ero n p o m ~ n fam i B cnny K~KNX-m160 H H ~ I XnpnqnH, n 3 ~ e m nocb. C o m e wcseno, He ~oiim no MOPR, B KOTOPOM ronyno exesesepee. n o r n o ~ ero, n ~ no ~ e 6 cy 3anana nomnManacb ~ ~ O J HEIOHep o r n o rposoeaa Tyra. Kparr ee yxe BcKmamI 6enoii n e ~ o i iqep, Hoe 6 ~ ~ OTCBeqHBaJIO x 0 Xe.mbIM. Tyqa BOpYaJIa, Ei I13 Hee BpeMR OT BpeMeHn BbIBaJIHBaJMCb OlHeHHble HkITH. no R @ @ c K o ~ ~nopore, no C K Y ~ ?O~ H~ O~H C K On~o~ m ~ ~Han e , IIIaTpaMkI 6 0 r o ~ o . m u erOHHMbIe ~, BHe3anHO nOJCHXBIlrIlMCRB T O M , JIeTeJlH nbLRbHbIe C T O J I ~ ~ I ) ) .
K CKa3aHHOMY HanO ~06aBHTb,WO Y ~ Y J I T ~ K OITOJTYYatTI. B~ nOAYepKHyTO H ~ C T O ~ ~ W B pa3BEITHe O~ MOTIlB 3HOR, H ~ B ~ I H O C I ~ XapbI MO~
a x a m I , OT K O T O P ~ I XcTpanamI BO s p e m ~ p a r n s e c ~eaaare.mcns KgIX ~06bITIljiBCe n e f i c T B p ~ 1 emIUa poMaHa. C ~ Meruya M ((6b1~ cxmaeM comueM Ha c~on6e));n n n a ~ yKaxerca, YTO nocne Toro, KaK OH ~ a 3 ~ ~a Mn BappaBBa~a R B KaYecTse oTnycKaeMoro Ha CBO6 o ~ ya, He HMR Hncyca, ( ( c o m e ,sasseHeB, nonHyno Han HHM n 38.wno orHeM y m . B TOM orHe 6yrue~ampeB, BnSrn, C T O H ~ I XOXOT , a CBHCTD. OTKyna xe n p n m B poMaH o6pa3 Asa3em0, aHrena CMePTM, ((AeMOHa 6e3~0mofiITYCTbIHkI)), MOTIlB ( ( ~ A c K o XaPbD), ~~ MOTNB C O . J a , ((CKaKOIO-TOH ~ O ~ ~ M H O B ~ H HIIpOCTbIO OIO CWUIraBIlIe-
ro B ~ T mn N E p r u a n a n ~ Bern ~ ? s e c e ~ m imcaa, i Mecau ~ v e r oco~, o ~ ~ e r c ~ ~ y r no p~ n~ ~p ei ipi ~ HarueMy o MapTy, naxe Ha UnpoTe HepyCa-WMa,He T a ~ 0 fyi x , OTHOCNTeJIbHO, X ~ P K NMeCm. ~ ~
mopeq ((Mac~epaa Maprapn~br)), caMoro noXPHCTklaHCKOTO no CBO& M O ~ ~ U E ~ H O - ~ T ~ I ¶ ~ cym pyccKoro pohiaaa, ncmITann TBopqecmi n e p e m npmoe ~ 0 3 neiicmne n o s 3 m Apyroro s e m o r o M a c ~ e p a- aBTopa ((Cnosa o nomy kirope~e)).P e 3 y m ~ a n 1 3 ~ o~r ~ o a ~ ~ o n e f i cnr o ' s smm ccCnoBa)) ki ~ Y J I T ~ K O B C Kn03MbI O~~ nemo O ~ H ~ P Y X E ~ B ~ I ONTBC@0pMe, SI ki B
2 yBepeH, a
0
?TM¶HOrO Ei rjTJ'60~0
COAepXaHPiEi,Ha W O B H e ~ ~ K B ~ J IJIe~KC HIIO YeCKOM,N B M ~ T ~ @ O P E I K O -
Y e ~ yrocnoAnne, , npocrpe ropnvwww csow ~ H A 4 6 soe,
p
w
6% n o ~ se3so+v1yc. 6 b x a a e w nma ~ p F ann p a m e , T r o w MM% V A H IJAT'IE?
ayraro~ n n B w n pano KpOlLAltMR 3 0 p H ~ f K ~ hO ~ % A W T % , u p x n u r n(un ca m o p r wyra, XOT'PP~ n p n K p m n Y E T Y ~ C ~OM~A, a 6% nn)[.a r p e n e c q y r a c n u i n mn%nin. E m rpomy s a n ~ o m y , n n nb o m w c r p b m n C% A o n y REAHKArO. T e m n o EO 166 6% ~ p e - r n d ~ e n h : ASA C O M ~OM*KOCTA, ~ 0 6 A 6ArpRHAR CTAxllA IlOrACOCTA, n ca n m - s m o ~ o p c zm~d i c r q a , O A E n~ G ~ R ~ - ~ C A A E . ~ , T'bMOlQ CR ~ O R O A O K O C P A t i 6% MOP* nOPpY3HCTA. HAp 6 ~ H6A K A M T~h M A cLK67"b I l O K p M A . . .,
I
BIueTb, YTO HW B KaKOM m Y r O M ITpOH7BeAeH&I&I, KpOMe ((Cn0BaD, C TaK0fi ~ o . X H O T OHe ~ ~ BbIpaXeHbl XJ'AOXeCTseHHO BIIesaTlrmom e 06pa3bl-~onocblT~O'SHOF~ sepaoii ~ y a~ ,a y q e ici~ o p 11 u nornowato~ueiiconaqe, a B 3 ~ 0 fTyye i r p c n e q p a cnnirt m~.aniic. B ((Cno~e)) ma h~eTa@op~+~ conoqa e c ~ ~norpyxarmcu~ ~x nlope rr 6ecIlpOCBeTHaR TbMa, KaK U B ~ Y . D T ~ K O B C K O M POMaHe, rOCnOACTByeT Ha Il'p0TRXeHI.MHaYaJHbLY YeTbIPeX IIXILIX n03Mb1, pa3peLUaRCb B K0Cnr.e no6enoii CBeTa. C ~ I M B O .~ ~~ OMT H~B O C T O H H HCBeTa R A TbMbl ( T ~ M A C K ~ flOKpUAA, T ' ~ COAHI4E CB'~TITCR HA H€B€cI)KaK XyAOXeCTBeHHOe Bonnou(eH&re6opb6b1no6pa co 3nOM, KaK npoTmocroxHae HCTRIIbI M JMUI,C0CTaBJIRK)Trny6tw1ym CMbIUIOBYIO ZI XYAOX-e npeBHepyccK0~I1 ~ Y J ~ ~ ~ K O Bn03Mb1, C K O ~npHtIeM ~ 3Ta 6opb6a pa3BOpayneaeTGR He CTOJBKO no BHemeMy ~ P O H THO~ BHWB , ca~ofi Pycc~oii3e~.m.TOJI~KO R ((Cno~e)) comue nrpaeT B mHaMIrne pasB N ~ cmxeTa R ~ a perrramruyro ~ p porn; T O J I ~ K OB ((Cno~e)))), npn nceii er0 JIaKOHH.MOCTH,B 0 6 p a q e ~ 1A ~ a~ o c J I ~ BEIHWynlX ~I MeCTaX CO BC& OTYeTJEiBocTbW IlpORBJUIIReTCX MOTWB 6e3~0motiIIyCTbIWi Pi x a x p b ~namqero , comqa, OT ~ O P R W X n y ~ e iKOTOPOrO i CTP~A~JIZ~ B O B H ~ IMropx:
MOXHO
Ge$i\oe n r p e c s - k m o a c ~ - s n q e , I ~ c r e n~ no T n ~ p.a c n oe c n !
BbrpocHa A H A ~ ~ ~ B CcnycKe K O MB ceme ncropma, npo@eccopa K H ~ B C K J ~O $ X~O~ B H O ~aKaAeMHn, ~ ~ ~ J I I X K OHeCOMHeHHO, B, m e n BO J M O X H O C ~ 6onee A ~ T ~ H YeMOo6b1w0, , n3yymb A C T O ~ I W ICMesa n h r e ~ c ~ oPycn, i i 1.1, KaK BWTCR, npeaocxomo 3 ~ a ctCnon BO o nomcy Mropesen. npexqe Bcero, srnrremax KapTnHa sa.usaTa Kkre~aneTrnOpofi, ( ~ b I n ~ e H H OreTMaHOM r0 H3 :tara~eHH~fi TOI)OAC K O TMpbMbI>>, ~ C er0 NHekf3BeCTHO OTKyAa B ~ R B U ~COTK~HHO# ~~CR, n3 M O P O ~ H O ~ TyhzaHa)) O apmeti, n Heaomro ero a n a m N s a (((6bmo ero X ~ T H RB r o p o ~ ce o p o ~ceMb mefin), conpoaomaBmerocx rpa6 e x a ~ kin nOTpOMaMH, B HeKOTOPbIX AeTaJHX YDJ4Bme.BHO HanOMIIHaeT n306paxe~aeB ctCnosen saxsa-ra snacrn a eno om-oro KHxxeHNR B TOM x e ropone Bcemasa, 0 6 ~ a p y x n ~ w a xa m e 6 y m a ~ o e b 1 ~ kI ((CJIoBa)),H COOTBeTCTBJ'IO~erO JIeTOnHCHOrO OllHCaHWl KEIeBCKHX ~06b1~111.7 1068 r. ELICT~LIM X E Q b I M MaHeBpOM O ~ M ~ H J B I I3aWITDI~ HNKOB r o p o ~ neT.mopo~c~~rti a nomcoBHm top one^^, r n a ~ a o iympi HOG cnnofi K O T O ~ O ~mmnacb O KomIrqa, m m e c06oti ~ ewe O ~ I H a y 6 m m a ~XHTpOrO kl CTpeMHTed?aHOrOBcemaea, ~oTopb1ti
T a m e n e ~ c m o - c n m c ~ n s e c ~coBnaneana, ne KaK cacoHHnua I l e ~ m o p bnacKornna ~ c @ n a ~ rBa r o p o ~ )n) amKaMn noAnp.acm o KOHH I C K O Y I K"b r P w ~ E E V He, ~ O H B . X X I O T C R C J I Y Y ~ ~ H Asa-1 O. B ((6eJIofir B a p m ) ) B O C ~ O W J B O ~ CMOTEiB X 6 b 1 q o r o kiCYe3HOBeHNII, T ~ # H o ~HOYHOrO O, 6 e r ~ BpeMeHHbIX ~ ~ a B.r~aCTKTenefiKIresa. B nepBOM cJIyYae H O Y I~I ~ ~ ~, O ~ ~ ~ ~ H BB IpaHeHHoro I I H C ~ repMaacKoro ~ a t i o p a@OH LLIpana, HOYI,~, KaK ((nocaemm KaHamx n ~pyc)), ocrasm KnesJuM n ~ W ~ ~ I K Or oBp o ~ Ha a pacrep3a~nenermopoBC ~ ~ MH ~ I I S 6 Ie M m n3 ,~ cBoero mopqa remaH, a c H E . I M P ~ C Y ~ T - ~ ~b&in O C T O P O Tam6epr, ~G~ 6pocm RpeKpacHyro n xenaHHp PbIXeBOJIOCJ'IOEJI~HJ'.B-0, EYJIWKOB 3anOmO A 0 P. n&wcll0 pa~rmw B ccxenamoii ~ AeBnuen ((Cnosa))~ a ~ o e - o-rpaxemie TO aHr m n o r o o6pasa, a BO BceM TOM nepnone, pncymwe~3 a x s a ~ mesa BcecnaBoM, pe@ne~c T p o x ~ c ~ oncropm. ii Osem noxoxe, w o OH A. A. r o z e u t m ~ u
161
n. n. B R ~ ~ M C K OB~opofi TO. pa3 3TOT M O -
3HaKOM 661~1 W C pa6o~oii
TWB peam3ymcrr B m i ~ e ~ a ~ o r p a @ n ~Kappax e c m ~ xHorHoro 6 e r m a llmmopb~ 113p a 3 r p a 6 n e ~ ~ o 1w - osamIToro q o ~ b m Kuesa: c(M TOTsac CWHIIII r a j i a a ~ a l p c a xmmn3n11q o H y n a c b c Mona 1.1no6exana B Fopon, q e 3 Fopon A H a B e r n BOH. C n e n o ~sa caae6 mnwsne6 ~ o m b e i no6emxoii i rrpomen Ha rrpo~epsmnxnoruamx KypeHb K03b1px Jlermco, rrpon.mcana K a KaII-TO KYXHII... lTOTOM WCicre3JIO BCe, K a K 6ymo HHKOrAa I.1 H e 6b1no)). Ho~o6paspa6omoiiorem c ~ a p o fM~IC-m1, i IICH~IM,HO -rpeBoxH~IM ~ X O MO , TO~B~B~~M ~ eCpI eI 800 3 nm Ha ropecTHoenpoporecrBo
NJIM kfPOHM9eCKOeBOCKJMqaHIle aBTOpa I.1 OTO-
CX 3a 0pyXI.Ie11 OTBOeBaTb
KFIe 6y.mr
MCTkITb 38 r~16em PoJIawa. ~ ~ M ~ T Y M TOM aBTOp , pyCCKOr0 3lXIYeC-
(cnO~aHbIhlW>) I.1 BbIpaXaeT TMIDlYeCKHeYMOHaCTpOeHNR 3nOXI1. C?'l4-
K O r O llpOI13BeAeHIIII HI.1 OmIIM CJIOBOM H e O ~ M O J I B I . I ~ C I Ino nOBO,IlJ'
F I O C T ~npw3bmo~((Cnosa~ EI q
1Hce.JaTeJIbH0 CTM e m ~ 0 frOCyAapCTBeHHOCTl4 i P ~ c HOCO3HaHkIe : emH-
BHJ'TpeHHEIe paCnl)HI.1 OTMCTHTb ((38o 6 r w C e r O BpeMeHEIH, 38 7eM.W
CTBa
P ~ C C K3eMmI O~ M
0 6 4 ~ o c r rAO.~OBpeMeHHbIX 1 HCTOpHYeCKHX
MHTePeCOB PYCCKHX KHxXeCTB TaKXe I.IMeeT RCK.rIH)Y&iTe.'IbHO XPIICTZIBHCKO-Ky.mTYpHJT0,~ T H O K O H @ ~ C C Z OCHOBY I O N M~MOTEiBaUIW: ~~I~I~ 3 G p d B H KHFL3H H G p p H H A , llO6ApAR 3 A XpHC'l'hRHbl
HA IlOrAHhlfl IlA'bKH.
npki3bIB K MeCTI.1 (mOraHbIMH ((38 06any C e r O BpeMeHI.I>>,3Apa-
Bma B YeCTb ~ ~ 1 1 3 e~f ic, n o 6 o p a r o ~ 3axXPMCTHaHbI H a IIOraHbLR n0nKA)) OIlpeAeneHHO YKa3bIBaH)T,YTO ((CJIOBOY C03AaHO nOCJIe IIpOBana BToporo KpecroBoro noxona rr 3 a x s a ~ aB 1187 r. M e p y c a m ~ ~ a C a n a x - s ~ - f l r ~A~Aaxe o ~ , nocne r1.16e.momoro 1.17npemom~enefi r p a b e r o KpecToBoro noxona - r1MnepaTopa O p q a x a bap6apocCM B 1 189 r., yroHysruero n p nepenpase ~ repe3 ssay~ruymcs OT Ta.mx BOA r o p ~ pewy p H a ceaepo-sanane C~pww. 0 6 TOY c B ~ I C O K0fi OllpeAe.JeHHOCTbIO TOBOPIfl P~MMHHMCIJ~HLWIR ((CJIOB~H 0 npeAare-mc~ofipeKe CTyrHe, yronwsrueii 6 p a ~ aB n a w ~ n p aM o ~ o ~ a x a P o c ~ n c n a s a ,omoro n3 Tpex ~ ~ 1 1 3 eBi iO, ~ ~ ~ ~ B Z I B .I 'X~Io~~Xa . m m ~ f i ~ Y C C K M( ~( K ~ ~~cToB nOXOA)> ~ I ~ B 1093 r. KaK nOKa3anO BHIIMaTeJIbHoe npoq-remie .xaornIcn, TpammoHHoe 0 6 a r r c ~ e ~rn6erm ae K H ~ ~ R
P O C T H C ~BeCeHHMM ~B~ naBOLi.KOM HeCOCTOHTCJIbHO: TpartIYeCKMe C T ~ C pa3BepHyJIEiCb H~ 2-r0 HIOW, KOrAa B P e K a X H a rnnpoTe K n e ~ aAaBHo yxe ycrasoamca ~ e r n e ~ ~ b ypose~b'". &i Tn6e.m B peKe omoro n3 Tpex npemom~eneiiT p a b e r o KpecToBoro nOXOAa no 3aKOHaM X ~ A O X ~ C T BnOrI.IKM ~ H H OM~B~C O ~ I I ~ CCO Il~ CpeAH ~ B ~ K O BJIEiTepa~yp~ofi O~~ T p a m w e f i MCKaTb OnOpy, llpeUeZeHT, CMC O ~ ~ I T I I I IH a
TyamOHHO-CMbICnOByIo aHaJIOlXlI0 B npOlrmOM, PeaJIbHOM II.TJ3i JIEiTepaTYpHOM, Pi ~ ~ O B a J3TY I a aBTOPCKJ'K) PeMapKy 0 J'TOrIJle-
~ r nepeswaBcKoro n KHIIJII. OH^ xe, c o n p e ~ e n e ~ ~sep o foi a ~ ~ o c r b,r o lIO3BOJEJtT AaTEIpOBaTb CO3AaHHe (tCJIoBa>) BpeMeHeM nOCJIe
196
1 189 r.
E.A.
,
eAEiH0BepUaMM CBOAMI.IH, WM3bIBaeT KHx3efi K KmIHCTBY B 6opb6e C
e pK~ PYCCW-IM ~ ~
KHWLRM V e K p a m b
P y c c ~ p npaKTI.IYeCKI.1 , CZIHXPOHHbIX KaMnaHMZI IT0 nOArOTOBKe (1 187-1 189 rr.) TpeTbero KpecroBoro noxona (1 189-1 192 rr.) B 3anamofi E ~ p o n eO , YeHb Mano 0T.mIYatTCH OT COAepXaHHIl ~ Y J LM . ~ npssarBoB csmefiruero anocTo.mcKoro npecTona u 3anamoesponefiCKIIM hIOHapXaM &I( p e 0 ~ a . i I a OTKa3aTbCR ~ OT BHYTpeHHI.IX B0fiE1hIeX-
fly co60fi H a nep&IOAKpeCTOBbIX IIOXOAOB H 0 6 a e ~ k 1 ~ a ~Bb6opb6e cs XpMCTFlaHCKOrO Mlpa npOTMB MYCY.TIbMaHCKOT0 I.IH3bIYeCKOTO BOCrorca. ~ a . ~ ~ ~ o - B o . n naormcb b ~ ~ c ~ a Bn cclloxsane P o ~ a ramq~ y KOMY)), ((yMa M Y A ~ O C T ~ KXomBuIeMy ) no sanosemM 6 o x b m 1.1 ~ ccycrpehr.wruerocrr H a noraHaIs mo 1.1nesn, npocnasma T a m e Aesrrns Bx~IIHMM M ~o ~~ o ~ a x XOAEIBIlIerO a, HeOmlOKpaTHO (>H a nOnOB4eB Pi 3aTHaBLUeI'O OKARHHblR A r A P I l H b l 3 A A e s H b l c B p A T a , kl
naxe sacraswsruero xaHa
x€-
ATpaua COBCeM noKIl-
11yTb npkIYepHOMOpCKMe CTeIlZI.
n a ~ o s n r ~ oHO e ,HemycMbIcneHHoey ~ a 3 a ~Hnae31-y a~tdoc@e0 6 p a q e ~ K~ s~ ~ o c J I ~ ~B~YM I I K o-M Y c T ' k ~ R € l l ... l ~ CaATAHOB 3 A 3 e M A l l M H ...; wpdi~ll~, r O C f l O ~ H H € ,K O H ~ A KA, IlOrAHOro Kolqem, sa s e ~ ~ @C t o q t o . . . Ema mi c n y ~ a f i ~ COBnao r[am o @ w a m ~oo 6amne~~b1 AeHb i i (23 a n p m , nem CB. reopnrs,
py
YkITaeTCR B CTpOKaX
nOKpOBMTeJLSI p b l ~ a p e fM i ~ H . ~ M ~ Z I M OBblCT)lXIeHMR B) B TpeT~fi Kpe-
@pwppwxa Eap6apoccbl B 1 189 r. M KHR3II Mrops B 1 185 r. (cornac~oM n a ~ b e ~ c ~naonMcn; oii - J I a a p e ~ b e ~ c y~asb1~aa B a appyrp,nB~~ORTHO 6onee , peamHyIo naTy - 13 anpem). To, YTO CB. reoprkifi RB.rWIC5l H ~ ~ ~ C HnaTpOHOM ~ I M M r o p ~( r e 0 p r M ~ ) C B X T O C ~ ~ BTome, H Y ~KOHeYHO, , H ~ O ~ X O A ~Y MYO WTbIBaTb T M 04eHC T O B ~ In O ~X ~ OA
K e COOTBeTCTBIIII A ~ ~ ~ c ~ B H T ~ J I ~ AaTbI, H o C JT M X ~ ~ ~ BHMnaTbe~H O ~ C K O naonacn. ~~
B x p w c n i a ~ c ~ ocipi e ~ ~ e s e ~ o~mTepaType ~ofi CB. re-
0 p d BbICTjTlaeT K a K H,lIeaJI BOkIHa, HOCMTeJUr B ~ I C O K OCOCJIOBHO~~ ~~ ( p b ~ u a p c ~ o fri )e m .
O w a ~ onaxe T O ~ K OB c ~ m @ e ~ K T O B ,c ~ y n o ((CJIOBC>>, 3TOT 9kICTO jJbl~a~~KP1fi
k13naraeMbIX HenOLJleACTBeHHO B
nosyar - Ay4e x s u norm-ry s m u , nexe nono~etiys m n , BKnamIBae~b1fiaBTOpOM H e 6e3 3awefi MbICm B yCTa MropH, 3B)'YEITOTK P O B ~ H H OH~~~C M ~ L I I K OK~ ~~. PI3BCCTH0, K nOC.Qe TaKOrO XBaCTJMBOrO sarrs.rIeHnrr 6b1n ( ~ O T R T > >He Mropb, a ero spa6pb1e p y c n n ~caM , xe OH nonan B nneH PI BnO.rIHe 6 . ~ a r o n o q ~ n p~ O0 B O m I n B HeM BpeMR y cBoero csaTa. T ~ HM e MeHee, B o @ n u 1 1 o ~ ~ o - ~ ~ e o n o r ~ ceMaa1rec~oi4 T m e ((OmpbIToro))TeKcTa nepwnmnu no-my Mropesa npencras.nxWTCH K a K XeCTOKaR o6~1naXpa6pb1~ pyCPlraM: n0CJIe BpeMeHHOrO ycnexa, C O K ~ ~ I I I P I T Z . ~ I ~pHa~ 3I ~r~p 0 ~H y m 1 7 n ~ e m ~ b 1n.rIeH, fi TO 3 ~ y WIT B nomb61 ~ H I I C O Hc ~ ~ . ~ ~ P I O ~ H O - ~ O J I ~ T pea.?EIHMn PI~~CKI PI I ~ I P I HacTpoeHarrMI.1 90-x rr. XI1 B. nocne MHoro 06erua~rueroHarana npeTBOpeHPIH3aMbICJIOB KPCCTOHOCueB H a ~ I M X H ~ B MO C T O K nane~ H n e Mepycam1~aoco3riasanocb K a K nopaxeHne ucero xpncTtIaficKoro Mnpa, Kah- cto6nna cero Bpehlean)>,co3nasaxo c o o ~ ~ e r c ~ s ~ y o wee yhloHacTpoeIIIIe m o m n aasano ~ o p a - m ~ b ~noBon l u l Tpe60BaTb 06nem1~e~nm BCGX cnn, ccno6opamqnx 3a XPPICT~HHLIH a noraHbIm nombI)),npn7brsaTb K peBaHruy 3a nCnbITamoe nopaxesue 11~ H M XeHHe. B MHOrOKpllTHbIX npki3bIBaX K MOryUleCTBeAHbIM PYCCKAM KHR3bHM C B O e r O BPeMeHPI ((CJIOBO)) A llpkl3bIBaeT K TaKOMY PeBaHmy. T ~ K E 06payob1, IM naxe H a o i n i o ~n p o a ~ a . m 7 ~ 1 p o ~npw a~10 Mepc eCTb B03MOXHOCTb y6em~bc11, ¶TO JIkIH~BEiCTP19eCKPIeH XYAOXecTBeHIIbIe OTHOLUeHPIH ((C!IOB~)) M BPI~.~II.IZI H e CUO,VITCH,K a K HRC yseprrm B. B. Kol~ecoB,K ( ( o ~ ~ I ~ H@~ pI aMs e o n o r 1 1 3 ~( aH~~ I O M ~ M ) &l.mIY C T O ~ ~ ~ ~CO¶eTaHHHM, B ~ I M nOnaBmIM B 0 6 1 ~ j 0i 6 0 ~ ApeBHe0 ~ pycCK0fi nHCbMeHHOCTPI)>.~ e c c ~ 0 p H reHeTPIYeCKMe b1 TeKCTya-rIbHbIe
C B H ~ Hco C
B X ~ ~ H ~HI ~I IC M ~ H
HHa ~ c~t1mc~nrec~o-@pa3eonormecM
KOM W O B H e , HO, qTO rOpa3AO BaXHee
- HaTMu0
B03nefiCTBPIe 6
~6-
neficKkiX o6pa7o~PI XPklC'HaHCKPIX ~ I ) ~ A C T ~ BHJ aI X ~YH AO M Xe~ CT ~BeHHoe Pi nO.mITIeCKOe MbILILTIeHAe aBTOpa, H a C a M y PI~el'MJ'IOCYIJlHOCTb
n~
O ~ T P I((Cno~a K ~ o nomy
Mropese>>. X P ~ ~ C T P I ~ HXaPaKTep C K P I ~ ~ n07TnqeCICOrO C03HaHUH aBTOpa OT-
PaXamCH AaXe B awOCTWLUHbIX a~.mIKa4mS-KOMMeHTaPPIHX,KO-
BpeMem aBTop ocHaqaeT cBoe n7noxeHue B 1111crn~ya.m3upo~a11~0ii, n o c ~ y n ~ onfni p e m r a 3 H a r e ~ ~ o&m f i cto6qeCTBeHHOrO n o ~ p e 6 n e m ~ @)O>P M ~ .B CBOe BpeMH B. ~IIBMJMXHH lIkICaJI: . ((Bee06parse~11eK BceBonoAy, OT nepaoro cnosa no nocnewero, H a caMoM nene H e "xsana", a ca-rnpa, "mxoperbe", "pe-, JnImeHHarr T O P ~ I M HBpeMx OT
p a w B O ~ B ~ J I H Y ~nHe a~ n, , a p a w ymxeanrr ~ w r ~ n e~ m I ~ ~ ~ ~ E I T ~n J~Ip~a rHn O n e~6O~ 0npe~e6pero
P I C T ~ H ~ I "T, O ~ K OHe aApecaTa, n
A ~ ~ ~ C T B Z I T ~~ JKI~~OHCOT, I I I ~ K I HO~M I ~M ~ C H TK~ P I . ~ ~
XeHkIH K H ~ M Y ) > " ~ .
CJIeAyIoWiM CTpOKaM H3 06paqe~nrr K BceBonoAy
Tbl 6 0 MOXflllH
-
IlOCnY
m s u n tuepewnpu c r p b a m y&&wn cwnu r ~ e s o s u , naIOU@Ifi MOI'y~eCTBeHHOMy, H O
-
6 e c n p n ~ m n 1 1 o B~ ynOJIHTkIKe PI
MeXp0ACTBeHHbI.XOTHOLUeHlUlX BJIamMkipCKOMY KHR3IO CTO-rIbOCKOP-
6 n ~ e m ~ onpenenerne oe - T a r x tq,$a, n o m e p m a m cyweHne % ~ B P L I I X M H ~ , HO Pi O ~ e n e J H e T OCHOBbI MOPa-IbHO-3TPIYeCKHXPI XY-
npenc~asne~nfi aaRTopa ctCnosa)>. O ~ I ~ B I W O TO , ynono6ne~~1e kiyne, npenaslueMy Xplrc~aH a KpecTHbIe M ~ K P IHBJIII,
noxemsembrx
n0Cb PIhIeHHO &m XPPICTI.IBHCKOT0perMM03HOTO C03HaHIIH K P ~ ~ H M BbIpaXeHkieM npe3peHkiX ki HelTpHH3HEI K O C y w a e M O M y
mu)'.
X y ~ o x e c - m e ~ oTpaxeHne ~oe B nnerrx PI nosltme ctCnoaa>)6116~ e f i c K M Xo 6 p a 3 0 ~ ki MOTZiBOB AaXe B ((OTKpblTOM))TeKCTe HHOrAa He TaK 09eBkIAHO lTpOHBlDleTCH B OnOCpeACTBOBaHHOM H T ~ ~ H c @ o ~ MPIPOB aHHOM Bwe. B ~ X H O C T 0 ~6 ~ a p y x e ~ HeMaPKkiPOBaHHbIX 11~ UriTaT ki napa@pa3CBHIQ~HHO~O ~ H C ~ HB EA MpeBHepyCCKOM XtXOIDICaIMZI IWI IlOJIHOrO PI lTPaBPIJIbHOr0 llOHIIMaHlUl KOHeZIHbIXCMblCnOB
PI COAepXaTe.rIbHbIX K O H H O T TeKCTa ~ ~ ~ ~ eIQe pa3 II BnO.rMe nOKa3aTe-mIlonomepmyTa B HenasrInx ny6.m1~au~1rx M. H. Aa~PmeecKoroliO HCHO, TO o6pa7 l l n ~ e ~ a - n m o n l ~ c6u ea c , c ~ p a c ~1.1~
.A~BHO
o
~ ~ ' ~ ~ K T I I B@ktKcnpym~ero HO C O ~ ~ I T M I I(,( ~ 0 6 p ki y 3.q BHHMaq HOA~IIIHO>), OTHOCPITCH
PaBcKopee K m ~ ~ e p a ~ y p reM ~ o fKipeamaofi , nc-
A~BHO
T O ~ H Y ~ C KA O ~~ ~~ ~ c T B E ~ T ~ J I ~ H o c TXCHO, I . ~ . YTO CpeipreBeKOBaH
p e w e B C e r O , ApeBHe6naropowofi 'la1 q0 a c ~ e f inpkicTpacTki6, , TeH-
JIlITepaTJ'pa, B TOM WiCJIe ApeBHepYCCKaR, PI,
PyCCKkie .QeTO~CPI, 351 BHeLUHefi CnepXaHHOCTbIO ki KOHFIHOCTbH)H3bMa CKpbIBaWT 6 ~
~e~ukP iIfHi C K ~ X ~ HUC HTO ~PWW. C n p k i X O n O M K B.QaCTI.1H O B O r O BeJIH-
npasnno, powancrr H O B ~ ne~onncmrfi I ~ ~ CBOA, B n p o m I e C O ~ ~ I T W Iouema , AememHomn npemecTseHH m a Heperno nonyrana coBceM Apyrym ncTopnrecKym n ~ o p m ~ y m ouemy, reM B npexHeM TeKcTe. X n ~ o f1i.1orem n o ~ a 3 a ~ e m ~ a r inpkniep, i nccneAye~brfiflaHnneBcKtfhf,-o w a n3 caMblx Tparws e c m PI TeMHbIx q a m B p y m o f i n a o p n n -cym6a Csmonomca, K O T O B0Ue.l ~ ~ ~ B OTereCTBeHHbIe JIeTOnkICkI 0 6 1 ~ e c ~ ~ e C03Hamoe Hue nOn llp03BklIQeM O K ~ X H H O C HeH3ma@IMbIM ~O, Kne-OM 6oronpoTmHoro snonerr 1.16pa~oy6nfim1. Koro
K H I ~ ~ HKaK ,
KOTOPOM
O m a ~ osem o sacTo c T p a x nepen K H X ~ ~ oM~ c r y n a nnepen cTpa6 0 x n n ~>. B 3 a ~ r n q e ~ Manana ne I T ~ O H ~ B O OT~ 3Te ~ c a
06nanaekre 3BYKOB U, K ,
~ B( nHa ~~a )o, ~ o m e ~ ~ ~ ~ m c reer pe ~r o e c EI o x~o p o ~ ~3rer~ c a Ha OCTpOBe KpHT. Y ~ I I T ~ I k13JIOKeHHbIe B~R MHOW B @YrOM M ~ C T ~ " '
I1 B 06011~ npElBeneHHbIX YYaCTKaX TCKCTa,
HaKOHeII, 0 ~ ~ e Y e ~ 1 r BbUe b I f i aKpOCTkIX ~ 1 1 ~ TaKXe 1 ~ ' ~HhIHTWP>?O~ :
WIG pe3KHk Ilp0~3~~e.VLHblfi KPZM, ((nkICK)> ,ZVITJIa W OmOBpeMeHHO ~ o c n p o w s ~ o ~ u l kAMR it'r p m c ~ o r o necHoro ~ O X ~ C T cbItIa B ~ , l7a~aC ~ r n ~rra~ ~e uae i~i T ~ UMapca, I ~ o ~ o p ~a ex ~ o r yrcasana na nyTb K cnacerrm nneMeHkI nwueHoB, o6paruam~Ham ~ 3 r Ha m oyepemfyw 3KCIIJElKaUkiW ((3.rlmIHO-XPkICTHaHCKOrO)) SYAOXeCTBeHHOTOKOblnOJHTa B n03TkiKe ((CJIOB~ 0 nO.my
Mropesen. 3.1'0 PnCKOBaHHOe c6.m-
cbma O
coo6pame~m0 BepOXTHOM c 6 m m e ~ ~ raBnTOPOM 3eB~a,re.TIH0caA~OMOH~-CoJJHqa n A a w 6 o r a , H e C O M H e H W TeKCTOI1OrmeCKYM CBX3b UIaBXHCKOrO Aam601-a M VeqeCKOrO ~e-mroca-Ano.~nosa B @eB~e60rnapc~ nepeBone o~ X p o ~ ~ n cMnO ~ I - I HMa~ra.rn1, ~ a TaKxe 6ora Bcrxoro sasera n pmcKoro n m a B po-m no~omrpa-cnacmeJl5l Mropa, CJlemeT OYeHb Cepbe3HO OTHeCTHCb K Xp0HkIKe Mana.m.1
xeme B p0.m cnack~~eneW ymIpamruero OT noroHn ~osropon-cesep-
K a K K HCTOqHIlKY mvaTYpH0-naHTeIICTFIqeCKOr0 ((naraHH3hla>> li
C K O r O KIIR3U T1)03IIOTO 60ra M3pak1.m I1 aHTllYHOr0 mT.W nkIKa,
e ~ r e ~ e p t 1aBTopa 3~a
((Cnosa o nomcy Mrope~e)). Crrrmnco~pesao BocnnaMeHmmecrr nonospemm rr
HanOxeHIIe tlKPOCTIIIUHOr0 TeKCTa C HMeHeM JIITkIHCKOTO HOCaTOrO 6 0 m a H a llapaQpa3 C
h1b1c.m
o
B ~ ~ H HlllICaHHX, O ~ O KOHTahIElHal@IR3IIehIeIfTOB P ~ I ~ I C KMOI ~I ~ O . ~ I O ~ II.1 I .OcHOBOnOnaramqeI-0 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~0 U o -
JIOBbIMI1 II I I ~ K C E M O - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ O ~ I I IIapaJJJIe.rLIlhIW ~ ~ C K E I M M 113 ((3an0H-
TIfBa, HaBOmIT H a MbICJB 0 IlpXh10-TaKkI He > , OTBqraR anptI0pH Ei B03MOXHOCTkI CYlueCTBOBaHklR F
CTBeHHOM W bIHpOBO'%3peHYeCKOM C B O ~ O ~ ~ O ~ I ~0I AeP3KOh.I C . ~ ~ ~ Iesprit ,
3aHHOl"!
fort
nOHLWiHe>)He C.mlllII1TCX HkiKaKOrO CTyKa mTJIa, HCT aaXe CJICna
aBTOpa (tC.QoBa))IImI,
no Kpai?Hel"r Mepe, BbI3bIBaCT B
UahlRTI.1
$ ~ W B O . V % H ~ I ~ 3~~neptlbIe'H~bI BaraIrTOB, B CTEISBX ~aPO~POBaBIlIMS
HeayTeHTI.NHOCTW(tCJI0Ba))MerOnOiTOrkIYKwl nOJIe3HO TaCIITb CMbIC-
n. neXe 0 6 p a ~ ~ oT ~f Ki C T O . Q O ~ F I Y ~ C K OnepCneKTklBb1. ~~ B
a-
(&-
npklCJ'TCTBkHer0 HaHMeHOBaHllX. OAH~KO 3TO MOXeT BnOlMenO~kFi-
TeKCTbI C B R ~ ~ H HIINCaHkIR, O T O OqeHb C B O ~ O TO.mOBaBIUkIS ~ O EIX M
HO I1 HenpOTIIBOPeYMBO O ~ % I I C H I I T ~ C HTeM, YTO B ( ( ~ ~ ~ o H w I HTeK~))
Hame nonyCKaBWkIX OTKpbITbIe HaCMeUKkI H H ~ ~ P E I C T O ~ ~ H O C n TZ 0I
ctCnosa>>,o ~ ~ o c m a f i cK a6 n a r o c n o ~ . m e ~ o ~ y nneHa ~ c n o ~ r a s y arn ca omcaHkIa no6era ( < 6 0 r o ~ e p 3 ~ occnoraHoro>) ro~~, Mama, K O T O ~ O M YaBTOP ( < ~ ~ A o H I ~OTIf.Wl@ R I ~ I )He > HahlepGH COYYBCTBOBaTb, a TeM 6o.~ee ycHaruaTb omcaane ero 6ercrsa B Kaay n p a 3 ~ a ~ a rmr ~ 1 .npmcra1 MM ~ O C ~ O A H I6naropacnonomema. I B TO me BpeMa BO +pase C O A H ~ E EM\C( K H I I J ~&n-rpmo Msa~ostmy) ncuo t u s~croqarc n r e n n nyra
B n p o s e ~t1, OTeYeCTBeHHb~fi,&HIIH~ ~ ~ T O Y HB~ eCM bMa B O - J H O El HenOYTWTemHO o6pawaeTCR C TeKCTabIH ~Ca.TTklp~ M EB~H~~.BI%. Ho, hlOXeT 6 b l ~ bBCe , Xe y aBTOpa IIMemICb KaKkIe-TO OCHOBan O B O W n O r M a T O B SpkICTWaHCKOrOYYeHIIX.
HWR BrLIl TaKOrO C ~ ~ I X ~ H I nyCTb I R , B qP1CTO .!ITepaTypHOM
KJwYe,
6ora, BnamMkI 1.1 nOBe.mITe.rLIl MkIpa kl BTOPOCTeneHHOrO PklMCKOTO 6 o x e c ~ s an m a . Aefic~Bkr~e.mH0, OYeHb Zl~~epecHblfi ki B ~ X H ~ & Ir GH 'I'eKCTO-XOTkIkII1 IZPMeHeBTEiKII ((C.QOB~)) npeqeAeHT TaKOrO c6m1meHkH HaX0,DJtTCRB nep~ofi KHMR Xpo~tnck M~ O ~ H man H ~ am^. Cap&c ~ n fX i ~MCTHBHC x pKoI ~ . Io ~r~p a an, o c n e j x o ~ a ~ e -npoBoiw ~ H O n0.mmy e ~ r e ~ e p k 1 3 rpeYecKnx a~n 601-OBk~ repoeB k16e36ox~ok ~ c ~ a XaU rpeYeCKYl0 Ii P t I M C K p MW+OJIOTIIK)
I1 tICTOPIIK),HeOia-10KpaTHO
c ~ o a b ~MaTepnan fi
601-OMno6ery Mropa ~3 nonoBemoro
flOB€&l€T
MOXHO OIlpeAeneHHO YCMOTPeTb CQenKOHTaM~IHtIpOBaH-
HbIX II T ~ ~ H C @ O P M ~ ~ ~ O BB~ ~H IHP~~I X ~ H ((CJIOBB>) I I ~ ~ - COAH4f €M\C =MOW
mpb
Peruaa
sacryna~uea Mropesn ut111310 Ears m p b u a x e n . BpeMeHeM trneonorusecKue n nom.rtlrecKae
nocTaBneHHbIe
3aAaYE1, B IIOJIHOM COrJIaCkiIl C XapaKTepHbIMM npHeMtlMM ((UeHTOHHOTO>>MeTOna aBTOp ( ( ~ ~ A o H - ~ I ) >
OTOXAeCTB.WIl2'IB e p X O B H O r O B o J I U M ~ A ~ C K Ope.mlWl60ra, G nOBC-=I-
BaHkiR U3 TeKCTa ( < C ~ O BHOC-e ~)),
Mklpa 3esca, Awa C HeKUM ~ ~ K okl.W MI ~ ~ M Y C O M' 0 : 8? ud€ A q 6 ~T O G N i v o u l l f i ~ o ~~6 a iZE i ) ~ P @ U I A E COV - c q ~ 'IT@ A iij s i x 6 p E v E v - ( ( 6 p a ~HrrHa (accnpniic~oroqapa A. r.) n t m , TO me caMoe, TO 3e~c, u a p m o a a n B M ~ a m n ) )Aanee . Manana rrpunomIT r r p w w ~ y0 6 0 x e c ~ ~ x 3e~ca-Hma e ~ n ~ ero xeHa-
nonoxHyIo
Te.m
Mki U CbIHOBbRMH, O~%XCIIRIITCM, ST0 OH IIOKa3bIBaJI CBOeMY MHOTO-
201
E.A.
HCnOJIb3yl2'I3T1.1ma 3aHMCTBO-
B WCTOI'HMKe B3aklMHO nPOTWBO-
oqeHowym oKpacKy n CM~ICJI,rn CJIIIRH~III IIX B o w o j i a ~ ~ o p c ~pacnonoxemie oe) K non-
M ~ I C ~blpamammefi ~ , L o m e (FI
BBrY BtXHKOTO KH939 MOCKOBCKOTO.
A O ~ O . ~ ~ ~ nomBepweHkie T ~ J I ~ H O ~0 6 p a u e a m aBTopa ((CnoBa>>K o 6 p a 3 a ~ ki TeMaM KHIITH McxoAa 3aKJIIOYaeTCXB nPkICYTCTBkiIl B OnncaHnn no6era Mropa as nonoserncoro meHa MoTasa H O ' I H O ~ ~
3a 6erneqa~u:ti4 c n k y Nropm 'k3gw-i. r 3 a m c.s Komauo~.s.B Mcxone (1 4:8) ronopmca: ki oxecrovn rocno* cepm e @apaotia, n paso6.s ero, n norm c o ~ w n cutios% kicpan~es up.... KOHHO~ norom
B npyroM cruxe (23) s ~ o ixi e rnasbl ~a6ntonamcaewe 6onee 6m3Koe cxoncr~oc n e ~ c m o iui +paseonon~eiictcnoaa)): nornaura me Crnnrntie n snnAolua s.s C A + A . ~ n p , n s c a m K O H @apaotios.s, ~ n KoAectinqu, n s c ~ t i n u nnocpe~+Mopa. C r p a ~ ~ ynoMnHaHae oe B ctCnose))Mopa B none 6 e 3 ~ o m r o@pass ~, 7.amo10 noso~orocran 6% MOP+ norpy3ncra B OnucamEI r1.16BOHHClBa Mropa ~ ~ ' ~ X C H ~ I K J T CR TeM
x e 06pa14eHE1eM aBTopa K Tonme EI cTEr.mcTme Mcxona, r e OllMCbIBae7C%m6e.m HeYeCTEIBOrO BOMIICTBa ( P ~ ~ ~ o HkioOGpATnB~:
luacm EOAA, noupt~uonectinqu n sewtinun, n ECKI cnAy @apaonosy slueAlun 6% CA%% nX.s s.s MOP+ (Mcx. 14: 28; IIcan. 105: I 1, 135:
15); cp. TaKxe 6.mI3Kp (Ppa3eonor1.mn neKcmy B npyrax o6opoTax ((CJIOB~)) V X q~C T t J t i H CnAy IlpnKphIAA 11 KOWAK%EMy C A ~ % n p a s m . Jltrron~rmoe... a npovnn s.s MOP+ ncronolua T a m e anen.rMpya K OTMeseHHOMY 6116neiic~o~y MOTEIBY, K CTWXaM 4, 5 EI 10 rnaab1 15 Mcxona. Ca~o~anemmoe samneme Mropa - Ayqexb s u n o r m KWH, ~ tie x e no~otietq~ m n , no-BWIMOMY, npeac-raame-rcra.mcrmecqqo napanne-m, HO C M ~ I C ~ aO ~Bn~1 ~ e6116nefi3y CKOMY A ~ ~6 0I 6rRUle K HAM%
pA6OTATb erVIlTrRtiOM'b, HEXEAn nb%rutin cen (Mcx. 14:I?), .no B PYCCKOM nepeBone BbK.rLRJ@IT TaK: HBO A ~ l L l eHAM% 6 W b 6% ~ A ~ C T K y+ ErHWnrla, HeXeAH yMepeTb EX f l l ( C ' I ' h l d . OJIH~KO H ~ O ~ X O nOU' ~ rOlIElTh, O oymp+rn
6.s
uro Ha ~omocy1.1 ~ponmcyo m c a m coKpyxuwre.m.Aor0 nopamema Mropa B 6 u ~ s eHa Kame, no MOEIM npemonoxeIIEIaM, Hapmy c 6 n 6 n e i i c ~ H ~ortasann n orpeneneHHoe ~ o s n e i i c ~ s n1.1enpyrue .WITepaTypHbIe U C T O Y H ~ A npexge , ~ c e r o C H H X P O H H ~ Isanamo~~ eBponetic~tifi,B Yamiomi, cppa~uy3crniix p u c r n a ~ c ~ o - r e p o ~ n e c m i i 3noc XI -XI1 BB. Ihmamre 6erneqo~B nyTu 1.13 3 e ~ mIIono~ewcoiiHa PeMm PyCC~yroEICK.TIIOYEITemH0 WYbH) - TYCE.1 U ne6em1K 3aBTpaKy, o6eny EI YXMHY - CHOBa HaBOLlIlT Ha MbICJIb, 9 T O M B 3 ~ 0 f AeTa.mI i O T ~ ~ ~ E I J I O C ConepxaHne E. K H U ~ E IMCXOA,r r o ~ e c r ~ y ~ ) moe n i im a HMM CbIHOB M3pawnesbrx BO BpeMR no6era J'TPOM M BeqepOM WEICnaHHbIMu LOTOM AaPaMM: E ~ J C Xe T ~6eYEp'b f l IIpflnAOllla KpACTeAH ( ~ o p o c r e mnepenena , B PYCCKOM nepeaone), n noupulua n o ~ m . 3a\(rpa x e s t ~ c r ac n ~ l u e tpoc+ i ouo~oIIOAU~, n ce r u ~ n q +q c r u tin M+AUO aun uopnanC\pa n s + ~ oaun n e ~ . sHA s e ~ ~ Gm(~etiam n .
KaK H3BenH0, TaKXe r p I l C Y T C T l 3 Y e T B KaPTIIHe no6era Mropa.
Ta~ym Bnamb C B ~ O M CBOeMy Y (Moncem. - A. r ) a a p y m Eor, n p t i c y ~ c r ~ y ~ o qCn ~ ii M , n o n BI.IAOM A ~ r e n aYTO , snepem Hapona LueaBym, ce6n Y K P ~ I B TOO ~ ~ ~ K TO O MOrHeHHblM . CTOnnOM ( a ~e O~ ~ ~ ~ K a no O HoqaM M , -c ~ o n n o ~ ) , aa6b1BeAOMblX CTPaHHUKOB 6epeqb OT n p o a n ~ O H L I T Bcm ~ J MH. O Y ~ npecnenosa~bnx 6ynm aapaon: H 0 MpaK no CTPaXli y ~ p e ~ t i ~e e g nacr np116nIi3LiTb~R K XpaHUMblM 6 e r n e q a ~ . T o r ~ aU3 , OrHeHHOrO Bor B033peB C ~ o n n tia o 6 n a ~ apaccem , pan IIpecneaosa~ennH COKPYUIIIT Koneca Konectinq , a Mo~~ceii B H U MnOBeneHIIH), ~R npOCTpeT ~ O B T O P H OC B O M ~ ~~ r y ~ e C T B e ~ ~ XI311 blfi Han MopeM, 1.1 nysnna, nonqmncb Xe3ny, Ha B O ~ ~ C Kxnb~nm, O 3aron~~ CpaXeHbe S O Tom, KaK H ~ Y U I O C ~ . . . " ~ H O r O emIHCTBZ1 aHTHYHbIX, 6~6neficmx 3neMeHTOB B ( ( C ~ O BMO~>> mm c.yx~rrb((npnneBKa))E o a ~ aO ctCyne 60xbehl)), x . q y u e ~Bce-
Hec~oTpaHa BCH) CnOXHOCTb H, no ~ O J ~ I U O MCYmy, Y 3aseno-
ero TBoprecrae He o~pa3nnacbWeonomsecKaa noMmaHTa CpenHeeeKosba - Csaqe~moenucame, ecm 6b1 OH OqeHman aemem~ o c r nb nocrymn CBOMX repoeB c TOYKM speHm amnwoii, a He xpnC T H ~ H C K OMopam. ~~ MOTIZB cccyna Eombero)) B npuneme E o a ~ a , BHeme HanpaMym C B R ~ ~ H no H @pa3eonom~ec~oii ~ I ~ ~ KoHcTpynwn M JIeKCIIYeCKOMY COCTaBY C TeKCTaMki r o ~ e p a HHYerO , 0614ero He nMem Hn c o m ~ n n i i c ~ opesmrneii, ii HH c a3b1'1ec~mnpemm03-
HbIMW B3TJDIAaMH BOCTOWbIX
CJIaBXH, nOCKOJIbKYB MHpOB033PeHYeCa MopamHoM acneme ero C M ~ I C J Iqe.rIIIKoM onpenemerca eBaHTeJIbCKHMki 3CXaTOJIOTZIYeCKkiMU ~OJIOTeHEISIMZI:CP. HTAK, tIeH36n-
Popnca E m e c ~ a m n u a cAasa na C y ~ npnueAe, x n na Kannny rce~enynanmonry nocma
KOM
nnreAetcs TM, ecm~nicYAOE~KT.,q ~ m q n(~pyraro); l nso - r - i i ~ %me CyAOM'h, KaKHM'h CyAHluh ApyrOrO, O C ~ A e l U hCe68, flOTOMy Y T O cy4m Apyraro, C\r\aelub TO me. d MU s n a e ~ x YTO , no ncTnne CTI, c y ~ %Eoxnic na M a m q n p TaKHe (&kt). N q x e ~ GyMaelUh n Tu, Y€AOEKT., 'IT0 H36XlllUh q@ Eoxnr, OCywaR c\rralolqHp TaKHe @a, H CaM'h C\r\aHT O Xe (h. 2: 1 - 3). HCCOMH~HHO, Bcecna~nOT0MY H He MUHeT CYna ~ O ~ Ia I 0 , OH CaM AHIACM'h q#iluC, COBepIlIaSI
TeM caMbIM rpex, c y p o ~ nopwqae~b~ti o A~OCTOJI~MII EI caMm MacyCOM B H a r o p ~ o t nponoBem i : N e cyAnre, Aa ne q,$nmu s y ~ e ~ - e . A60 KaKHM'h CyAOM'h TAti'lW, ( T ~ K H M 'qAt?T€ ~) qAllMbl ( M ~ T @ . 7: 1, 2). y Emne?E~ac~a (3: 17) 3BY9EITTaKaW me TeMa H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X H O cyna boxna: flpaee~naron ne\tecrnsaro q ~ e qAnrh n Eor-t.... O C O ~ ~ HBHnnaae O , n p o ~ o m ~ u onapa.me-m, fi 3~arm.10ynoMmaHae Tena B l l o c n a ~ wK ~ O ~~H H @ X H ~ MAso : ECMX n4M.s AoAxno enracm
.,
flp€A'h Cy,9,HAnlq€ X ~ ~ C T O E WO 0 6, b l KAXQOMy f l O A v W i T b (10 TOMY, YTO o m AenaAa, xnem EX TA, ~ospoenAn XyAoe (Kop. 2,5: 10).
H e ~ o ~ o p bEI? r e 6 ~ 1 6 n e f i c ~ u x ~ m 1 c - r ~ 1 rPIecwbrcno~b~x c~ux napanneneii K ((CYI[Yboxbeh~y))yme y ~ a 3 b 1 ~ a m B. c bH. l l e p e r q e ~HO , He no.nysEum ruwpoKoro n p ~ 1 3 ~ ak~~nn oa m e p m name y 6m1mati1l1~1x YqCHIlKOB Ca1laTOBCKOTO ZI3rHaIIHEIKa. TO, 9 T O nkIUleT nk1xaYeB no nOBOjQ'y n o ~ p e 6 n e B~ ((CJIOB~)) ~a n0HXTlIa H TepMEIHa Cyn ~ O X P I W ' " He '3aC.?yXIIBaeT AdXe cepbe3~0fiKPkITI.MH. no-BEIEPIMOMY, eM)' A 0 CEIX nop He acao, YTO @eona.m~aa mpwcmmwa noToMy EI np~16er-ana K noemIHKy, KaK nocnemeMy 1.1 He noanexauehiy ane-xnaumr npuroBopy, YTO He CqUTana B03MOXHbIh.I 6 p a ~ bHa ce6s BbIHeCeHPie rrpwroaopa B oco6e~HoC J I O ~ ~ I1.1XBaxcmIx CnyYaax, a nonaranacb . Ha Born ~ O X ~ C T B ~ H H IIpOBHneHEIa. O~O nyYIIIHM nOmepweHEIeM TO MY MomeT C J I ~ X E IHanpaMep, T~, pememe cynefi 'r (cllec~eo Poname)) pasperuw-rb nmo rpa@a F a a e n o ~ a KOTOPOMY , aMnepaTop rrpeffbrrsAn 0 6 s a ~ e ~ Ba n3MeHe, e n o e m O M MeWCI[Ypbqapmkx rrpe,IlCTaBHTelIXMH T R X y I w X C X : CYen CyA 3aKOHHbIM 60ti e,I@lHOrJIaCHO. A BOT KaKym o q e ~ B~cardoM y @ e o n a m ~ e i i a n1.13 e ~@ e o n a m m ~ x snocoB Cpemese~osbano.nysaer p e 3 y m ~ aTO~ TO n o e m a :
naJl
n k i ~ a 6 c m bM3AflB , ~ I o c J I ~ A H B3AOX. R~~ ~ ~ K o H ~ H J I cYAapOM SI 3TWM 60ii. K p n r a ~apCiHuy3b1: ((CyflCB62pulHA rocnonb!))
HaBepHoe, HeJlMIUHe HanOMHKTb, YTO
C T E I
Tarcme sa o6npy O m o ~ yT. , e. B ((Cnose))Eopwc Barecnasas, nono6HO l l m 1 a 6 m , TaKxe BbIcTynaeT npencrasnTeneM r y m x mxpecoB. M TO BecbMa n p m e r a ~ e m ~ b dKT i R csere Toro, s ~ pyccm~ti o @eOAa.rM3M I1 COOTBeTCTBJWI4le(POPM~I O ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H H~O~ TI T O HBITpeI be ti r m e p n r XI B. Haxomnca no CywecTBy B ~ a s a . m ~ ocTamIeI fi cBoero pasBmua. He c v a f i ~ pyccKoe o neromcaaue XI-XI1 BB. He OTMeqaCT HR OJ@IOrO C v a a , KOrna 6b1 CnOp MeXjQ'KHII3bBMW pa3peruancn B Beme TaKoro C Y A ~ ~ H Onoemma, ~O na ewe rryreM noemrma M ~ W I J crreqnamHbm,I npencraBErremu CTOPOH. T ~ YTO K naKosm- , Hoe a He npteneKanruee oco6oe BHnMar.ae orqenenemle IIymHx MHTqeCOB, 3a KOTOPbIe BblIllen Ha Cyn M O J I O A OB~ ~xpa6pb1ti ~ O ~ M C Barecnasws, no MOeMy MHeHEH), H ~ O ~ X O ~PaCCMaTpUBaTb M O KaK OqeHb BaXAOe np06ne~b1 JlMTepaTypHbIXHCTO'IlIHKOB Ed XalIpOBoro xapaKTepa ((Cnosa)).3necb a snxy o m o a3 x a p a ~ ~ e p ~ e r r n a x ~ O X B ~ ~03~efi~TBklX ~ H U ~ Ha n03TMKY, Ha X'lbM I1 CaMO TBOPYeCKOC MbIWlIeHkie aBTOpa n013SITFIfi, ~ ~ . I ( C T ~COOTBeTCTBJW~IX B ~ ~ H M ~ ~ .mTepaTyprIbrx TonocoB 3anamoe~ponetic~oro X~RICTII~HCKO-repomecKoro s n ~ c a ~B~racraocra, '; @ p a ~ u y 3 c ~Ro f~i C TXI-XI1 ~I BB. B B~TXOM Ii HOBOM 3aBeTe O ~ H ~ P Y X A B ~ I O TAeCCH XTKEI A p y k i X neKcnsecrcEIx, @paseonon~sec~ux, 0 6 p a 3 ~ b I+1 C~ ~ ~ ~ U A O H I I O - T ~ M ~ TusecKEIx napa.menefi a a ~ a n o r k ~Kf i((Cno~y)), csepx oTMeseHHbIn B. H. n ~ e T 4 kieApynlhiEI ~ HCC.rIenOBaTeJvrMU.YK~xJ'TOJJhUO HeKOT3pbIe 213 HAX. B ~ I ~ B ~nopaxeHneM H H O ~ M ~ o ~~ R~ A H EK ~ o~ ~~ c T E O Xnnoen a npocTepruaeca no Pycu KaK napnycbr (renapm1,6apcbr) noJIOBUbI, YnOMUHaeMbIe B ((CJIoBe)),kIMelOT HeCOMHeHHJW 0 6 p a 3 ~ ~ 1 0 k! neK~HK0-@pa3e0n0r~¶e~Ky1o nOAOCHOBy B MOTkiBaX C y ~ aHaA HeYeCTEIBbIMH U 3 KHZlrH npOpOKa A B B ~ K Y (AB. M ~1: 6-1 I), a @pa3a ic eexn ~ O A O E ~ ~ Kno~snsauracm HH a s onncaIrwa no6era Mropa 3 p a ~ o onupaerca Ha c n ~ y a w o ~ ~ o - c ~ b ~ caHanorew n o ~ y mH c ~ a . r ~ c v onAcaHna H O W O ~ O nepenonoxa B narepe a 6 e r c ~ ~ MamamTaH a (Cyn. 7: 15-2 I), Ha crpoKy ki3 WopoKa A B B ~ K Y(3: M8) ~ -rpytTHblMn BHA+A% m w a ~ p u S+nonc~ne:corpmcr\ncb naAarrn s e w n MA# t a ~ c ~ o M~or11e fi. A3 HUX o¶eBkimbI, Apyrae ~ p e 6 y m orrpene.neH~ H O r O O ~ O C H O B ~ H Z UX I B IIPkiBJIeYeHMX B KaYeCTBe COCTaBJunoI4lX nos m a ((Cno~a o nomy Mropese)), HO Bce OHH IvmnamTca XOTR 6b1 B MNHHMa.~IIOMrepMeHeBTU9eCKOM II JIHHrBUCTZ19eCKOM KOMMeHTapnw, Y T O ~ ax ~ I He nocrurna cym6a H a 6 ~ m ~ e ~B.u H. fi ~ e p m a .
'
4
cyrsemosana n B Te BpeMeHa. O c o 6 e ~ y~ns~oxaroruefi ~o peqeasnefi pa3pa3kinCX H. r. qepHbIIIIeBcKMfi BO BJIHXTeJIbHOM ( ( C O B ~ ~ M ~ H Hknce>>(J'k 12, 1854 r.). c(Bemnfi P e B O ~ q Z I O H e P - A e M O K p a T ) ) ,WOM~HRBWH He6JIaro&ap~bIfi ~~ Tpya @EiJIoJIoraH a COMHI.I'reJIbHbIenaBPbI aBTOpa OWHb nOCpenCTBeHHOr0 pOMaHa, OCTaBFIBWerO, K a K HH
MOTYlBbl TPOIlHCKOrO W K A A
YI APYME
YmBkiTeJIbHO, TpaITikisecKFifi CneA B PYCCKOM O ~ I I I ~ C T B ~ H C03HaHOM
((yseero caMoro, K a K u nonaramcx, Haman mxeTaHTOM, K TOMY xeHenoc-raTowo ~ ~ ~ O T I I ~oMcnaBe C R O T ~ ~ ~ C 3 T B~~ .o OpEM 1.13nepBbIX 11BeCbMa nOKa3aTeJIbHblX npmepOB, K O r n a YnpeK B HkiH ki ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c T B H T ~ J0 I6~p H y ~oucnTn~H c I~a ,KHR3R C YnpeKaMZl B
H ~ I X3 a 6 a ~ a x s a,
WneTaHTcTse ZI HenocTame n a l p n o ~ n 3 kIcnom3oaancH ~e ctsawT-
Bewo xusyrn rnsope~bxnesyos: u Tpou ocada, Mnonorn~o,qrno s HOW^ 6 ~ 0 8 pacnycKanocb 6 xurnpo ... nyenltii O~~i,quii H ~ O H
B CepemHe ~OLllJIOrOBeKa KHR3b n. n. B H ~ ~ M C KBbICTJWHJ * pa60~0fi,~ O C B R ~ ~ ~((CJIOB~ H H O 0 ~ IIOJIKy ~ Mrope~e))'",B K O T O P O ~ J'Ka3bIBan, ~ sT0 B ApeBHepy~~K~ii nO3Me WMeIOT MeCTO npRMbre oTpaxeHnR o 6 p a 3 0 ~n TeM amwmoro snoca n ~ n @ o n o r ~ n~r~, C 60.mruofi
CO
B C ~ GOlTpeneneHHOCTbIO 3aRsIln, 9TO COBepIIIeHHO HenOCTaTOgHO
(tOQaHHY%IBaTbCRnpF1 kI3J'%HZIIIHaIIIZIX ApeBHoCTefi ZICKJJlOWTeJIb-
HO n p o n 3 ~ e ~ e ~ n pomofi mn nosBbD). B m e ~ c m fCornaruancR i c npuCYTCTBkieM B ((CJIOB~)) CZeaOB R3bIYeCKZIX BepoBaHEifi, HO CsmaJI B TO
HanpaBneHkIe BC~I'I ~ ~ C s HkiA XpnanaHcKm)). C n p a s e m ~ p~ aom a a a Ha TO B.mmme, KaKoe ortasano aHTnsHoe Hameme, n npemqeBcero - r o ~ e pH, a cpeme-
Xe BpeMR ((HpaBCTBeHHOeki AYXOBHOe CTO
BeKOByIo 3aIIa~0eBp0IIefi~KyIo JDITepaTypy, B raCTHOCTH, H a eBp0-
,
neficenfi c p e m e s e ~ o s b ~snoc f i A p b u a p c ~ n fC i T ~ X O T BpoMaa, O~H~G B ~ 3 e ~ c ~ YTBepmaJI, kifi YTO 0~TpbIfi ZIHTepeC K r0Mepy E i E ~ p n n m y cyruecrBoBan H a Pycn yxeB XI1 B., n nonaran, s ~ K oTO MY BpeMeHn PyCCKkie JIHTepaTOpbI 6b~m1 3HaKOMbI C KOMMeHTapZMMkI K r0lc1epy
M c a a ~ aK O M H ~ CH COskiHeHIlRMki ~, H O H Hki~6 p a n e ~Ueqec 0 nosMax r o ~ e p an n m o @ p o ~ aomyna , amop c(Cnosa)>MOT sepnan, npennonoxnTemHo, r n @ o p ~ a u ~ o cmxeTe m n 0 6 p a 3 ~ 1 xxapaKTep n c m a x repoeB T ~ O H H CBKO O ~H ~ ~~ConepxaTemHbIe I, n CTHJIHCTHYeCKIle KOMnOHeHTbI KJIaCCAYeCKOrO ki n03J&HeaHTki9HOrO 3IIOCa.
n e p c n e ~ ~ n ~c ~ o e i,TOYKH i ~ P ~ H I I RHanpasneHne , nccneno~amiFiHe nonywno nm~eiirrrero pasamm smencmne o T p m a m ~ o fPeaKWki i ~ o J I ~ I I I A H cCOBpeMeHHEMOB TB~ B I I ~ ~ M C KHO3 ~sncna O ~ c m e n o s a ~ e n e((Cnosa)) fi n ccru~lpo~ofi O ~ I I I ~ C T B ~ H H O C T KoTopaR ~)),
HtncaMn)) ((Cnosa))B
K a s e m e caMoro Y ~ ~ L @ ~ T ~ J I A~ H~ Oe f~ iOc ~ s e ~ -
H O r O HaYYHOrO apryMeHTa B 6opb6e np0THB ((CKenTHKOB))H ((6e3-
npno6pen ~ J ' K B ~ J I ~y6nficTBe~~y1o Ho CI4.Y. O c o 6 e ~ ~R3oBWTeJIbHO ~ ~ H ~ I I J IOT03BanCR ~ B c K 0 ~ ~6.m1xe~ ~ ~ HkMX B R ~ ~ M C K OKOTOPbIe TO, no~JIemki#YCTaHaBJIHBan MeXWneBofiO6~1nofiki E.leHofi, ~ O H H O MZI ~ O M ~ ~ OM Me ,w ((3eMnefiTPORHH)) Z I Tpoefi r o ~ e p anoysaa . csbIcoKa c t a p n c ~ o ~ p a ~ a - m n e ~ qepa~~a)), H ~ I W ~ B C KJ'Ka3bIBaJI, H~~ YTO npKXWaTeJIbHOMY ((TpoXH~Kllfi)), o6pa3OBaHHOMY OT ((TPoII)>, B ApeBHepYCCKOM &O.?RHOCOOTBeTCTBOBaTb ((T~oRH~cKT,)), a He ( ~ T ~ o R H ~O ) )O . P MT~ORHIO, ~I Tpomn Hknconafi raapmoans csman npon3BombIhin OT M ~ X C K O ~miem O m n a ((AHTOHT,)).6e3 BCXKZIX Ha TO O C H O B ~ H W TOBOPR, ~~ 9TO B11'3eMcKnfiH e @JIOJIO~'*~ ZI ((09eHbMan0 llOl[TOTOBJIeHK RCHOhIY nOHIIMaHZIH) 6.mxafiruero npepqwra CBOHX nccneno~a~nfi)), 6bmru11fi YgeHknc LUaxPOmbIX KOCMOIIOmOB)). n 0 3 ~ eB, COBeTCKHe BpeMeHa, OH
MaTOBa H e CYeJI HYXHbIM IIpOBeCTli 3XeMeHTapHOe EiCC~e,LCOBaHHe IIaAeXHbIX 0 ~ 0 ~ 9 a H P iIl f i CIIHTaKCHYeCM-CMbIC.iI0BLIX
0~~0IlIeHPifi
saraaos~oiiCJIOBO@OPM~I B KomeKcTax ((Cno~a)). HOy ((maMemoro p e ~ o . m q n o ~ e p a - n e ~ o ~KoHemo p a ~ a ~ ,me, 6 b ~ w 6onee BaxHbre 3a60~b1, 9eM 3aHEiMaTbCR M ~ p @ ~ n ~ r lE iieCliHTaKCIlCOM fi ((CJIOBB 0 nomy Mropese)). ropasno nesamaee, TO cpem B ~ I C O K O K ~ ~ ~ @ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ o @ ~ c c ~ ~ o I3aHIIMaBIlIklXCR I~JIoB, R3bIKOM ((CJIOBB)> (C. n. O ~ H O P C K E I ~A. ~ , H. K O T - m p e ~ B. ~ on. , A~pna~osa-llepmq, H. M. fib1JreBcKkifi ki Ap.) He HaIlIJIOCb HH OmOTO, KT0 6b1 TOBeplin wM XOTR 6b1 nOCTaBkiJI no&COMHeHkie BbIIIIeIIpkiBeneHHOe 6 e 3 a n e m ~ o ~ 3a~ o e XBJIeHHe r. ~ ~ ~ H ~ I I I I ~ B Hyc KKO oH e~s HoO., KOMY 6b1nPZILUJI0 B TOJIO-
BY B COBeTCKOe BPeMR OCnapHBaTb XOTR 6~114 BnOJtHe B3nOPHOe YT-
Bepxaeme ponoHasaJrbma TesHca o c c n a p ~ n h o c mepaTypbI ~a n
B
IlCKyCCTBa)), K O T O ~ ~ HI n~' I ~ T O, X e CYMHIIIlIeCR, B b I H O C m ((IIPHrOBOp))
K a K H C n O J I b 3 0 B a H H e HaCJIeL , @X i
T B O P 4 e C T B Y n y I I I K H H a , YCMaTpkIBaR B H e M H e a O C T a T O K M b I C J M H
HOCTH % P H ~ I L U ~ B C K O T OB 0 6 n a ~ ~ I J. J1% I T ~ ~ ~ T Y P H oKpkiTMKEi ~~ W XYAO-
B~IXOAOM M o r n 0 6b1~b lTpFIMeHeHne T a K H a 3 b I B a e M O r O ((TeMH O ~ OCTMJLII))'~', n p e A y c M a T p w B a B m e r o T a m e ~ y c M b I c n e n H o c mn saramn B K a r e c m e K a H o m e c K o r o , H o p M a - r n B H o r o n p n e M a . BOTH a s ~ xyaoxecmemiym y yaowy n nonarrcrr c c p e ~ o . m ~ ~ o ~ e p - ~ e ~ o q CO CTeneHbH). Mano, OKa3bIBaeTCR, 3 a w P l T H T b ,@ICCepTauMH, 06 3CTe-
X ~ C T B ~ H H3O C T~e T ~ N K E i : ( ( q e p H b l I I I e B ~ K E i f iRBIIJI C a M F R P K p I.1
TPI9eCKIIX OTHOIIIeHWIX HCKYCCTBa K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B P ~ T ~ J W I ~6HeOc C~ To B~ e r -
6ecno~orq~ofi COmIaJI-MaHHnp0~ onpeaemn K pe3y.mTaTaemeJIb-
( ( ~ A ~ ~ ~ H o c THHO)3) a, T O BbI3bIBarI CBO& J I O B C K OJ'~ TonkIeG ~ neTapnaTa)).
H e y M e p e H H b I e BOCTOPrEi ( ( B O X m MHPOBOTO
Cepreii Bomco~c&
T
(PoPMYJIY BHC XYAOXeCTBeHHbIX Tpe6 0 s a ~ ~K iHCKYCCTBY, i K O r A a B CBO& m C C e p T a m n 06 3CT€TFieCKOM OTHOIIIeHMZ1 IlCKYCCTBa K A ~ G C T B H T ~ J I ~ H O C T06wr~nn, F~ YTO HCKYCCTBO m b 3 a ~ e ~ x er pmn p o ~ y ) ) . Paspemcn, B ((Cnose,, B Qymw o n p e A e n e H m n c n o m 3 p ~ ca n p ~ ~ a m a ~ e . mn~pbn rn ea r a T e m m I e c c y ( P ( P m c a ~ ~-CK, . ~ -w,npoOTKPOBeHHO Pa3PJ'UIEITeJIbHJ'IO
k 1 3 B O m I e OT 3THOHIIMOB I . L ~ M I I ~ ~ B ~ wTOPOAOB: > l l O A O E € ~ OKApb~ ,
cublm, ~ b ~ ~ o p o u a ~ c uyopcublm, bli~,
Amqubln, ubleBcubln
n~
p . ,OT
KOTOPbIX B pme C J r y Y a e B M O r P O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ ).I I B HeZLneHHbIe ~ T ~ C R(POP-
HO H e M e H e e IIIEipOKO ~ & I M e H X I O T C RH e s X e H H b I e l T p W I a r a T e l l b H b I e B ( P O P M ~ P O ~ ~ T ~ S IIUD1 ~ H AOa~T eOJ I b H O r O npI.ITRXaTeJIbHOI'0 na-
MbI.
AeXa
-M e C T h
J h p ~ t i w K, O p O T a A ~ wK p,A T A
Noeyrp~y,S A M b l l l l A E H H W Eomtitb. ~ O A O ~ H3 TOO M Y BO B C e X s e T b I p e X KOHTeKCTaX ((CJIOB~)) - plllqa 9 % T p O q Tpomtiw, BCTyllHAA A.f;~ow Ha s e m ~ w Tpomtiw, Na ce,,$b~o~% 9.f;q.f;Tpomtin, E u ~ sn b n TpoXtin
-MbI
BCTpe'IaeM n a A e X H b I f 2 C J I O B O ~ $ O ~ M T a~KIO r O
Xe H e W I e H H O -
ro n p m x x a T . npmara-remaoro. Ho HA pa3y, K 60m111o~yoropreHMK) K l I M e H e B T O B , H e T BO3MOXHOCTI.I H a 6 . X I 0 ~ a ~(POPMY b HOMWHIT n B a , T. e. m e m T e m H o r o naaexa cnosa, OT K O T O P O ~ O06pa30sa~a H e q n e H H a R ( P o p ~ na p m a r a T m H o r o , wo ~ ~ M ~ T HK aOK, B~IRCHIIJIOC~, o c n o x ~ ~yec rr a s o B x e H n e ~ o p ( P o n o mN1C e M a m n m i no-moii napam r ~ nbe K~ c e M b I , n p e ~ m a s n e ~ ~naaex-n ofi ( P o p ~ a Tpomtiw, ~~r
Tpomtin. O A H ~ K Oems mi CJIeAyeT Y C M a T p I l B a T b B 3 T O M 3 J I O H a M e p e H H o e CTpeMJIeHEie a B T O p a C K P b m CBR3b n 0 3 T H K I I H C O A e p X a H H R CBOe-
r0 lTpOH3Be&?HnR C T P O ~ ~ H C K O~~ ~e ~ ~C ~f Hi T, I ~ ¶ HJOI I ~i T~e p a ~ f l ~ f i . B n e p B J W O V e p e A b h f O X H 0 I l C K a T b AOCTtlTO%O B e p O d T H O e O ~ % R C H ~ HHe
H ~ A G W H~~a, a o 6 H o ewe w c a M o M y aeiic~sme.m~o n o H m a n osem m o x H y m n ~ o m p l l p I l p O A y 3 T W OTHOIII~HWG. C o a c e ~A p y r o e aeno, ecm M ~ oI m e c e M C O ~ A ~ H((Cno~a))'~;, M ~ T O Y H e e r O B O p X , M y c t i H - ~ ~ ~ ~ K H H C KCnkICKa, O~O K XVIII B. B 3TOM c-mysae H a n p a m a a c R o s m o n a c H a a mepnpeTaww a saraaorH O C M TOG K o H K P ~ T H oCJIOBO(POPM~I, ~~ W o6mefi ((TeMHOTbI CTKrZR,) npo~n~effem. Ho, K a K H e pas yxe cnpamanocb, HG c o s a a e M mi HO n e p e C K a 3 b I B a T b CYXAeHI.UI ~ ~ J I E . M C K O T W O
MbI B pe3yJIbTaTe
3 ~ 0 f HeOnpeAeneHHOCTZI-HeOnpeAmMOCTN i
B TOM, 4 T O a B T O p
60nee K O H C ~ P B ~ T M B H O9 ~e ~M, BI.1s a m ~ l i i c K~ oaH~q a XI1 B., x p n m n a ~ c ~ ocpeae, ii B K O T O P O ~npmaa ~ CCbIJIKa H a r o ~ e p ao6pameme , K aHTAYHbIM MOTIlBaM U OTKpbITbIM ~~ZIMCTBOB~HNR y Mn p e B H e r p e q e c m x , a, T e M 6onee, y n a m H c m x a B TO~OB M o r n a , TO Y a c T o n cwanocb, 6b1n ( m e n p a B m H o n o m T a ) ) TBOpEiJI B P Y C C K O ~ ~C, P a B H H T e J I b H O
TeHAeHI@I03HOCTW IZTM H3mCIIlIHeTO PBeHMR n p H
((C.XOB~ 0 nomy Mrope~e)) MCKyCCTBeHHbIe, H a A y M a H H b I e npo6ne~b1?
n3y%HI.IFi
B
( B M ~ C T O C O B p e M e H H O r O P O ~ T ~ J I ~ H O TZlMeHHbIX O) CmeCTBW-
TeJIbHbIX MyjrtCKOrO P O A a
((IIOTaHOTO 3 . W C T B a ) ) NJM ((UIBTHH-
CTBa)).
A a H H O M CJIy4ae
H a 3 T O T B O T O C H a A O O T B r n I T b CO B c e f i
A o K ~ ~ ~ T ~ J ~I O~AcJ Tl l MBHoO C T kAOIIIeLpuei
peIHlITGJIbHOCTbIo -H~X!
ro no H a c T e K c r a B ~ e ~ a n omenem ii c K n a a I s a e T c a 1.13 C Y M M ~perneI ~ n i~i a m racmbn x saaar, H a n p n M e p , K a K aaemamoe a nomoe, BO BCeX er0 ICY-XbTyPHbIX, HCTOPZNeCKIIX H JIIlTQaTflHO-IIpeeMCTBeHHbIX CBX3RX, BbIXCHeHEIe 3 H d W H 1 U I a ~ p n 6 y r n ~Tpomtib. a P~W~HII npo6ne~b1 Tpomtin n M e e T n p n m w n u a m H o e 3nare~ne anrr o n p e a e - r ~ e IIHR x y ~ o x e r n ~ e ~npnpomr ~oii ((Cnoaa o n o m y Mropese)), ~ ~ u Y C T a H O B J I e H m KyJIbTypHO-HCTOpkl'IeCmX Y C J I O B Ber0 ~~ reHe3HCa, J D I T e p a T y P H b I X EICTOKOB er0 n O 3 T H K k i , a, CJIeaOBaTGJIbHO, ,!Wl 60JIm ~ J I ~ ~ O K nOO C~TOH X e H U R ero H @ ~ H O ~ O ki X y a O X e C T B e I I H O r O 3~aqem n CMbICna. B A e M o H q a W CJIOH(H0CTII 0 6 0 3 ~ a 4 e m o i npo6ne~b1 i O¶eHb n O K a 3 a T e J I b H b I A0CTIlrH)'TbIe p e 3 y J I b T a T b l B ee H 3 Y 4 e H H B . Bocnom3 F C b C B O @ O ~ ~H. A. Memepc~oroH A. A. 6)'pb~kiHa'~ &W TOTO, W06b1qamo O X a p a K T e p H 3 0 B a T b , r O B O p R CrIOBaMW A. m r o ~ a((pas, H o r o n o c n u y ) ) w (a3amonqe6ne~we)), K o T o p b I e uapm n A o H b m e M e w (UIarepHMED) CTOpOHHEmOB T o r 0 NJM KHOTO TOJIKOBaHWI 3 T O ~ ~ H e O l T p e ~ e m 0)) m oonpeaenem, r n
p o n 3 ~ o ~ eBrnoe s a T n e e w e ro crux interpreturn. M T ~ KH, a c e r o m nem M H e n p e A O C E i B s u I e T c H T a K 0 f i ~b160pB 3 a H M O H C K J I K ) Y a I O ~ XT o J I K o B ~ H A ~ ~1) : TPORH ro
4 y T b mi H e c n e m i a m H o C O ~ A ~ H H~OO ~B~Y I I I K ~ - ~ ~ ~ q ~A a KmUo,
CJIaBRHCKOe R3bIYeCKOe ~ O T ~ C T B O(0. M. 6ycJIaeB,
E. B. E a p c o ~ ,
A.
C. ~ H X ~ Y A. ~ B Eowyp); , 2) T ~ O RH P W M C K H ~HMlTepaTOp Tpam (53-1 17 IT.H. 3.) (H. M. KapaMsn~,M. A. M a ~ c k ~ o s u ~ , H. n. Aaru~e~EFr, B. Ma~ckwca,M. C. &HHOB, H. C. A e p x a s n ~ , 6. A. P ~ I ~ ~ K 3) o BTPOXH ) ; -- P Y C C K W ~K~HR3b WJIEI TpWYMB1II)ITPYCCKIIX K~113efi, R CaMbIX pa3~006pa3HbrxTpaKTOBKaX (H. A none~ofi, 0. M. ~ O ~ H C I U M. I ~ E. ~ , 3a6en~111, H. M. K o c ~ o ~ a p o B H., B. UImKOB, r. A. MJI~HHCIUI~~); 4) T P O~06pa7, H ~ B ~ R H HllpefiaHHHMH ~IG HJEi KHWXHbIMW BCT0YHMKaMZ.I 0 TPORHCKOC~ B O * ~ (n. n. B R ~ ~ M C K I . I ~ A. ~ , H. n b ~ n k iA. ~ , H. Beceno~cKEffi, Bc. 0.Ma.rlr~ep,M.A. HoBEIKOB). Tpym~ cosBesmn neperEIcneawIx m e H Kasanocb 6b1aonxHI,I 6b1m B ~ I C B ~ T Hno T ~Kowa cMbIcn 11 Bce o n e m n 3 ~ a ~ Oe ~~ O mr o KopoTeHbKoro cmoBa. O m a ~ oBce, KpoMe nocmem~efirpynnbr, ncc.menoaaTem, B OCHOBHOM, T O . ~ K Op0m1.m OT ~ e p ~ oocMbIcnero HHR O ~ I O Cn3~ He caMbIx CJIOXH~IX neKcnrecKnx saranoK ctCnosa o nOJlKy Mropese)). nonb1~aIOcbOreIIb CKPOMHbIMA CPeECTBaMW noKa7aTb 3T0 I1 BbIBeCTB ACCneaOBaHIIe np06.leMb1 Tpomtin a 3 C O B e p -
memo 6e3~anexHoro~ a u n o ~ a n - n a ~ p ~ i o ~ a rTymma, e c ~ o r oB KOTOpb~WoHa 6b1na 3aBeneHa B nocnemEIe ~ O A ~ I . Pacc~oTpn rn ~ Harana ~ e p c m oZ I e p r n ~ m e ~ c ~co Hoh.Im*aro ~ I B O MB ( P o p ~ en. e wcm ~ y x m o r opona m a A AH TO^)). OT~ a l i o f i xe r p a ~ ~ a n r s e c ~h1one.m o f i ona.msRaeTcR B c~oefirepMeHeBTme T ~ o ~ c KnopC o 6~n e ~ b 1 6A. . P ~ I ~ ~ KEcJIH o B 661 . B 06cymnae~ofiCnO~ o a o p oTpaxancrr ~e pomrre.m~brfiA . ~ InaT. npnIIaanexHocru OT c y u e c ~ ~ m e . m , ~ oMyxcKoro ~-o poaa en. r~rcnaTnna ((AHTOHI,))HJJM ( C O ~ ~ I ~ C I *6. O A. P ~ I ~ ~ K O ((TpaR~a)), BY) TO M O ~ @ O C H H T ~ K C H ~ ~ C K H ~ YUIOBEW COrJIaCOBaHBR AaTe B LIJJeBHepyCCKOM TeKCTe ~ p e 6 0 ~ a .6b1 m
LIJJyrHX IlaAeXHbIX O K O H ~ ~ H HanpUMep, E ~ ~ ~ : BMeCTO AMeH)UIeTOCR B
~914% T p o m ~ nwarnnocb 6b1 N a C ~ C \ L M O M . ~ 6.by.b T p o m ~ a(Tpam~a)WIEI T p o a ~ (cp. ~ cocemae Aera ZIpocnasAm). Cym no @ne~cnn - n, B rrpmeneHHoM @ p a r ~ ecosepureHHo ~~e onpene.rIeHHo r ~ perb e o~ cyruecTsnTenalIoM rrpewe Bcero xiencH.0ro pona a K TOMY xe eanncTsennoro wc.Ma -T ~ o ~BHO L T Y, ~ T . ~ B O ~ ~ n n p r n b ~ ~ oHaM f i @ o p ~peo m T e m a o r o ( n p n ~ ~ x a ~ e j ~ bnane~oro) x a , abrc~ynaroueCiB KarecTBe aTpnSyTn~a( ~ e r n e ~ ~npnnaraoro TeKcre N a ceWM0M.a
T ~ J I ~ H oK~nO on)O.KHeHEW
- E'k4'k.
A, CJIeAOBaTe.mH0, HOYTeHHbIe
aBTOPbI HaCbIIaeHHbIX
y6em1-
~eJlh~ejhL11.1~1.i TeKCTOJIOITi¶eCKEMM, M I I ( P O ~ O ~ H Y ~ C K M HM @OJI~KXOP~I HbIMU, HCTOPW¶eCKHMH EI 3TAMOJIOTI19eCKkIMkIAaHHblMA EI npO¶IlMH HeOTpa7HMbIMH AOBOnaMM CTa~efi,AOKa7bIBaIOwe, YTO T p 0 m
2 14
-
F.A.
CyWeCTBO MYXCKOTO pona,
P ~ C C KKHR3b, I I ~ ~ C J I ~ B R H C113b19e~~H6 KH~~
6 0 r HJJM PZIMCKII~~HMnepaTOp -6 e 3 p a 3 m r ~ 0TpymJJHCb , H e TOJIbKO BIIyCTJ'IO,HO EI He COBCeM 6 e 3 s p e ~ &lIX o repMeHeBTHKH (tCJI0Ba 0
nomcy Mropese)). Mccnenosa~ermxe rmsep~ofirpynnbI B cnncKe COBCeM He C J I ~ Y ~ ~OKa3a.mCb ~ H O 6.mwe K HCTIIHe: BCe OW1 CTOPOHHZIKEI CPaBHMTCTbHO-WCTOPH~eCKOrOMeTOAd EI C07HaTe.mHO BbIJIeTem H? IXe3fia KyJIHKOB, KOTOPbIe XBBJIXT ZICKmOgUTeJIbHO CBOe ~ O J I O T O .
Mx Toma ux
'JP~HAII,M
~ ~ OO B O P R , He n o n y m p ~ 1 3 ~ p o ~ a n aac b ,
s p e m nonyram coBpOne TOG, KO~ o p o f xi a p a ~ ~ e p n 3 o ~ a n neRTemHocTb acb H a n o n p w e ~13yreHkIR ((Cxosa))Toro xe n. n. B R J ~ M C K O(~( O C :a ~no a ce6e uem AccnenoMeTononornrecKrre n o m o m 1 B coaeTcKoe
BepIIleHHO HenpWMYHbIe IT0 KOH@OPYH~MYOueHKW,
BaHHR 3aCJIyXEiBaeTBCRreCKOrO O ~ O ~ P C H Z I RHO , MeTOn HCCJIe.llOBaHIlR OKa3aJICR nOP09HbIM H IIPkiBCX K 0 r e ~ Z . w o fHeCOCTORTe.~HOCi TH.
n. B R ~ ~ M CKaK K HKOMnaPaTHBHCT, ~ lTpOEI3BOJIbHO COnOCTaRjIIlll
pa3JlnYHb1e IIaMRTHMKIl JIEITepaTj'pbI 6e3 YIeTa E I C T O ~ H Y ~ C K0O6~c~~ a -
"Cnosa o no-my Mropese". OH aHaJIH3EIpOBaJI 0T)JeJIbHbIeBbIpaXeHHR Be'I3IKofi no3MbI He rn TOTO, '1~06b1IIOHRTb, K a K OTpa3MnaCb B ~ e f PyCCKaR i XH3Hb, a '1~06b1 nOKa3aTb OTpaXeHHe B ~ e fJlnTepaTJ'pHbIX i BKYCOB rpewtn EI 3anamofi E s p o n b ~ ) ) ' ~ ~ . A o n o . m e m . ~ anposeprca ~ H a cEmaKcI1cerrpemomemm svnn
HOBKH, He MOT ouemTb ~ a u n o ~ a - m ~xapaKTepa oro
~'k'ln Tpomtin He
npOTEIBOpe¶kiT rrpe.LlJIOJIOXeHlIIO,rT0 Z I C K O M ~ ~
HOMHHITHB rrpe.4CTaB.WeT ~ 0 6 0 jCYIUeCTBIlTeJIbHOe i XeHCK. pO&a en. YHCJIa
Tpomm; @I~KCEIH -n B a ~ p n 6 y ~ m Tpomtin e 3TOr0 KOHTeKCTa
TaKxe oTpaHtaeT p o m i ~ e m w r i(i r r p n ~ m a ~ e m ~ bnanex r i i ) cymecmuTemHoro XeH. poaa
ea. skicna T ~ o ~aH H eL npencTasmeT , co6ofi -
KaK MOTHO 6bm0 661rrpe,qnonoxnn B y c n o ~ n HeonpeneneHHocTn ~x
wcna U C K O M O ~ OHoMmaTtma -oKomame MHOX~CT.mcna H e w e H Horo npnnaraTemHoro. B n0~1b3y~ a ~ o~foip @ o c r n ~ a ~ c n r e c ~ o M0ne.m TOBOPZIT ki COCeAHRR, TOmeCTBeHHaR no CHHTaKCHreCKOMy nOCTpOeHMH, H XapaKTepy CeMaHTH%CKOrO HanO.meHW4 CHHTarMa M n q @ A%'@
~ ~ O C A ~ E BA KRO, T O P O ~TaKXe ~ HCnOJIb30BaH B
(PYHK-
ma a ~ p w 6 y ~ npon. s a nanex en. rncna nMem Spocnasa B @ o p ~ e EIMeHHoro Hernemoro npmaraTemHoro. Orrpenene~~e nn.aqn OArOBU, B 0 He TOJbKO H3 pHTMH¶eCKHX coo6paxe&, aKKypaTHO nOlTOJIHReTCR YTOrHeHZIeM - ON(\ ~ B Z P T " ~ C A (K \ Ep A o ~~ TOrO, \e( ~ ~ .
@ O P M ~ I~ T ~ N ~ ~ TBw myX B oOCTaJIbHbIX B KOHTeKCTaX He 0CTaBJUIH)T
CoMHeHm, YTO BO Bcex cnygmx p e s I W ~ T o C ~ W ~ C T B ~ J I ~ HB eO m M CTBeHHOM -We, H He npOTkiBOpe¶aT BOSMOXHOCTW UMeTb eMy XeH.
pOA:
TpOm( Tpomnm, K a K C O ~ J I ~ C O BC~JlOnOJIHeHzieM HH~G AaTUB
E'b
ro HOPMaTMBHOrO POmTC-VbHOrO - B'b TpOm( Tpomnn; aHaJIOnI¶HO --
HA
3 e ~ ~ Tpomnm m BMeCTO Ha 3EMAK) Tpomnn.
Ta~m 0 6 p a 7 0 ~U , CXOLlXTOJlbKOkt3 pe3YJIbTaTOB M O ~ @ O ~ O ~ ~ I Y ~ C K O r O ZI CeMaHTMlCO-CAHTaKCkleCKOrOiiHNm13a yno~pe6ne~wa B KOHTeKcTax ctCnosaw nanembrx @OPM a~pk16y~kiBa Tpomnm, Tpomnn, MOXHO )'TBqnCqaTb,YTO C 6om1110iiBGpOIITHOCTbIO HOMtIHaTHB er0 npenmasmm co6oG cywecTsrrTemHoe en. .mua n x e H . pona Tana Pm3anh1 TaMaHb, Kncana (&6ph Kncanto OT 6a6n. flOTOK, BOC\Or e y a Knconh, ylqeAbE, aor\nna Kncona,
me
BaTbCH OT CWHTarMbI
POAa))
Tpomnh rpa/g'h, H TOrAa
IlOA BmIHHMeM ((h1yX.
3TOTO COYfXaHUII C Y ~ C T ~ H T M B I I P O B ~ H HeY.UeHtIOe HO~ npKrIa-
raTeJIbHOe er0 t~rpa.UMaTEIYeCKUM))C03HaHHeM Morn0 HHTepnpeTri-
POAa A naxe npn06peTa~b@0pMy Tpoam, cp. 3 a @ m c u p o s a ~ ~ bB rTeKcTe e ctC.mosa)) cortrraam C\O q p a T~~,~opolsanm, ea r p ~ T %a ~ ~ , ~ o p or~pawd Ta~yropo~anm, , YTO npemonaram MYX. POA CIIOBO@OPMLI T ~ M I , T O ~ O K AHO~ omoBpe, POBaTbCH KBK CIIOBO MYXCKOTO
noTepnen no-mbrfi
pasrpoM x a ~ a a ~ c m~t io e ~ a s a - mCncapa. ~ m - Kr111ra Cyireti, 4:7), B cBoehf neKcnwxKoM ~ H ~ S ~ H ZnpemronoxrrTe.mHo IW onpenemqee \
a~pn6ym~ Ha~ ~ J Q O A ~ no~ T MOUM C R ,npemonoxemmt, n B TOM v a e : Urbis trojanus - Tpomna r p w Tpomna, c pacmweane M B HeKOTOPbIX H ~ O ~ X O A ~ I Mno ~ IK XOHTeKCrY CJIYYa5I.YCMbICJIOBOrO HanomeHm no 3HareHus s e ~ ~Tpomnn m -Tpomna - Tpoana, 6 0 6 , BCH TePPkiTOPkiH JeMJII.1, UaPCTBa HJM TOCYAaPCTBa, nOATp nanarouaa non MPACLWCU~IIO rnaBHoro ropona, C T O . ~ I W I rocynapcTsa. n p u TOM, B 0 6 q e cnyyae, ~ amop c >p a 3 6 0 i i ~ mCI'IPXTaHHbIe , B KJ'BIUHHaX, B H o s e m e ((Am-Ea6a n C o P O K P ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ H u KHeCMOTpR o B ) ) ) , H a BCK) HePeaJIMCTZI'IHOCTb II HaZI-
flpocna~nseii- MsrrCJIaB, CBRTOW~B, Bce~onon,no cymemay, CBOn M n p y K a M g I ZI H a C B O r~o n o B y , B s e s m Bcecnasa, K a K T p o m c K o r o KoHR, B K n e ~ kI n O C a m i J M er0 B n e p e B ~ ~ H b 1nopy6, fi a OH, n o n o 6 ~ o ~ a ~ a f i qBbICKOLIHJl a~, H 3 C B O e r O AepeBIIHHOTO YKPhITEZII, m O C T b K ) ,
T O p b I e 5fBCTBeHHbIe 9 q T b I ((XIiTpOYMHOTO)) O,I@ICC~~I-YJMCC~, ZIJJM
r O B O P R COBPeMeHHbIM R S b M O M ,
Y . ~ M K c ~k, i 3 M b l C J l H B ~ e r O~ 0 B a p E I b l f ir r p k i e M C ((TpORHCKZIM KOHeM)).
-
n0lMTWIeCKZIMI.I WHTpZITaMII
-
3aXBaTHJI K n e ~ A ~ O S B O m I T I K Z I e B J I I M a Mp a 3 r p a 6 n n K H X X ~ C K Mmop, ~~
c ( 6 e c w c n e ~ ~MoHeO X e C T B O 3 0 noTa n cepe6pa B M o H e T a x n cJMmax>>;cp. ~06b1'1y axeiiues nocne B 3 I I T n R Tpon: ( ( C I O n a C H e W OTOBCI0,DJ' TPOH K a 3 H y E i IIpeCTOIIbI 60P a C T a I I U I T b , K a K r O B O p H T JIeTOnZICb,
TOB, H 3 rOPIII,QEIX CBIITMJMLU B 3 R T b I e A e p 3 K O B p a r O M , 3OJIOTbIe 9aIlIki .rIIITbIe...))
(Beprnmii. 3 H e n n a ,
KH.
11, CT. 763-765).
C T a B U M M I I K&IeBJElHaMEi B ~ I ~ I ) w IKHII3b ~ M3acnaB
r 0 H H M b 1 f i BOC-
Xe, ~ O A O ~ H3Ht?IO, O
~ ~ H M ~ ~ ~ T ~ I ~BO I ~BCeM H o TeKCTe , ~ T O( ( C J I O B ~ > >~ ~ I H c T B ~ H H ~ I ~ ~ p a 3 BMeCTO 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 ~ JUTE3 0 a B T O p a ((KOMOHkI)), ((KOMOHb>> (6oeaoG, p b 1 q a p c ~ l I fK i O H ~ HCnOJIb3YeTCR ) U O B O ((KOHb)) U.rIII ((KOHH)>, LUOBHO B 3 H a K TOTO, 9 T O a B T O P O T A e x R e T 3 T O r O ((KOHII)) O T I I P O W X C J I y 9 a e B ~ a m f e ~ o s m 6naropomoro n 5 ~ H B O T H O T OB T e K c T e
(>. 3aqe~ no~ano6nnocb?B e p o a ~ B~ CBII3H o C T e M , 9 T O B A a H H O M C.T9ae pe% H e 0 XEIBOM, ( ( 6 0 ~ 3 0KOMOHA>>, ~ a 0 .mTepaTypHOH C T O p H 9 e C K O M C H M B O n e , A e H O T a T e l l a A e H H 5 I Tpon, 0 A e p e B R H H O M r t o I g e , HCKYCHOM n 3 n e m 1 n 3nea:
3T0 e M y
1.160 pewuna c y ~ b 6 a~, I T OnafieT M n u o ~ecnu , B meHbr npkI~tZT6onbworo KOHH AepeBHHHOrO, rAe aprltBHHe Eb1nIi 3anpSTaHb1, CMePb M y 6 u i i m o rOTOBH TpOHHUaM. Oducce~,VIII: 504513 IIB.TE3eTCSI C a M b I M x ~ ~ C T O M ~ T I . ~ -
HbIM a H T n m b I M T O n O C O M 113 BOIUe,lUIIWX B 0 6 1 l l e e B p 0 n e f i ~ ~ y 1 o KyJKb-
Typy 51 JJHTepaTJ'py Pi ems JIM H a A O TpaTHTb B p e M H H a o 6 0 c ~ o ~ a m e 3 T O r 0 nOJIOTeHHII.
l l p e n a ~ e m c ~ nnap i i na~aiiqesomcbmamca B CTHXOTBO~HOM K o M M e H T a p n n K K a p m e ccllaneme T p o n ~ y ~ ~ T ~ O AH pI6 m~ pRa 1 % . n 0 3 x e , BO @ ~ ~ H W ~ C K PbILZaPCKOM OM 3 n O C e A ~ ~ ~ B RTPOIIHCI~I~# H H ~ ~ I KOHb IlpeBpaTzlTCR B OrpOMHbIe AepeBRHHbIe ~ O Y K MT , A e CKPbIBaIOT-
cs xpa6pb1e6apo~b1 Tnmo~O a p m x c ~ o r o( ( ( H ~ c Kene ~ Rera,,), HO K 3 ~ 0 jCi T ~ P O @ P ~ H I J ~ ~ C napamem KO~~ M ~ 0I 6 p a m c a B ~ p y ~ - O M e -
me. H e m 3 a , o m a K o , H e O T M ~ T H T W ~
C K ~ ¶ H T ~ JmepaqqJHy0 I ~ ~
X H B Y 9 e C T b E i ~ce0614ym P a C p O C T p a H e H H O C T b 3 T O T 0 MOTHBB BOeH-
220
TaKTZI9eCKOrO l l p H e M a .
B o6pase Bcecnasa O T p a 3 H J I l i C b , n B n O J I H l 3 a K O H O M e P H 0 ,
HeKO-
E m H e o6paman B H m a m H a H e K o T o p b I e WCTO n e K c n g e c m e pasmwa, C O B ~ P ~ ~ H Ho 9Oe B n m o CXOHCTBO x a p a K T e p a m m n cyne6 Bcecnasa n Omiccea: orrpenenems ~ < X ~ I T P O Y M Hn~(I( ~M~H o r o c T p a namab~iiw,K o T o p b r e r o ~ e naeT p Omccem, no c y q e m y , rrpnnoxnM b l W n O J l O W O M Y KHII3K) ((\WE ti B'kU(4 # f l u ( \ B% &l~3'kT'kn'k, H'b vacro s'k,y~crpwlue). E y m o s e m n H T e p e c H o n o ~ a 3 a ~ e pasm ~ o s n n 3 ~ 0y 6 p a 3 H p napamem B o ~ n e m ~ opiai 6 o ~ e .l l o ~ axe, O T M e q y , YTO B I ~ ~ S CBR3ki I M O C 3~~~ 0 fnia p a J U I e J I b K ) CTaHOBHTCX HaZ160-
6exan B llomruy.
((TPORHCK~I~~ KOHb)), BHAHMO,
BHOCTb 3 T O T 0 3 n W S B K H - J I I . I " p a T y p H O T O
E.A.
nee s e p o a ~ ~ yxe b l ~H e pas npemarasrueeca KAWKti
- (OMTpOCTH>>,
((kiHTpIITII>>, ((J'JIOBKW>>,
cnosa WII 3 a X -
Tornosame KOTOPbIMII
nonownii ~ m Bcecna~ ~ b n KOTOP~IMW 6bm U a B e H qapb 6emoti n p o ~ n ~ w a - r ~ bk~i o~faim . A. C. n P i x a 9 e B CBR3bIBaeT 3 T 0 TOJIKOBaHWe ((KJWK>>kI JllOMHHaH n e B ((Cno~e>> ~ o ~ ec peam~oii ii n ~ ~ o p m e c ~coni~i y a ~ ~ ((Bee~eji: B a T e Knesa B o c n o m s o s a n c a
KaKpa3
C n a B ITpIillIeJIK KZIeBCKOMy KHIIXeHEklO B p e 3 y J K b T a T e BOCCTaHHR KM-
no~pe6o~a~m y KHeBCKOTO nx KHH3II Msacnasa K O H H ~ Opyme... ~ T ~ - TTp eO6 0 B a H k i e ~KkieB-TE3HaMki K O H ~ GH BOCIIOJIb30Ba?ICX Bcecna~.(...) B c e c J I a ~ ,c n e n o a a T e . m a o , "nonnepca" o Te KOHN (0 T e KOHII? -A. r.),K o T o p b I e nan ~ n e s m a ~ > > ' ~ ~ . B M ~ CCTT e~M B W O B e KAWKti MOHCeT C O A e p X a T b C I I Pi 3 H a 9 W e ((mec-m,( a e p m ~(mama , c CYWOM n m KPIOKOM~, ~ ( K m K a > ) .Bem KHeLLUXHe ¶TO-TO A O J I X H b I 6bm1n O A a T b MIITeXHOMY KHR3K) TOTO, 9 ~ 0 6 b O1 H MOT B ~ I ~ P ~ki3~nopyBa, C R n 3 nepeBRHHor0 n o m e h f e m a , K y n a OH 6 b 3~ aT09eH M~RW~BO CBXTOCJI~BOM M, Fi B C ~ B O ~ O A O M . KJIIOKOG, n e p e B ~ H H 0 i X i e p m K ) C CJTXaMI.1 ( ( n O m e p C R > > Bcecna~, BbI6npaacb H a B e p X H 3 ~ B O B O T Onopy6a, 1 1 0 ~ 0 6 ~ CBOeMy 0 ApeBHerpe¶eCKOMy n 0 3 T W I e C K O M y IIpOTOTHrIJ' O ~ C C ~TIa O K X, e B b I H Y w e H H O r0 BOCnOJIb3OBaTbCR KBHBTOM, ~ 0 ClTJ'CTHTbCII 6 ~ kI3 C B O e r O y K p b I T&iX - ( c ~ ~ ~ o nBe roq e#p b D ) ( 3 H e ~ a KH. , 11, CT. 257-262): eBJIXH,
...kI KOHb BbHlyCKatT HapyXy 3anep~brxrpeKoa: Ha cser us Ay60~0iiB ~ I X neuepbr O ~ P ~ J J O ~xpa6pbrii H O @ ~ c c ~ HUAC~@, e ~ eCnY n u c c o ~CBUpenbIM, BHUJnOKaHaTy CKOJIb3HYB ...
M H ~ e p e c H e f i L I I H f ia H a n O r ) KOMnJIeKCa, K H M X H O - ~ ~ ~ ~ KO JH IH ~O~ TaU ~H C XK o6pasa ~H rpana-AeBbI, r0pOna-HeBeCTbl, nonpo6ao pa3pa60TaHHaH B.
BHYaMW H nO.JIOJ.(KNM KHH3eMLg0.
C MO&
r e p ~ e c acoxpaHnBruascx , B c~apofi rperec~otiKonoHnH r e p ~ o ~ a c c ~ - T ~ M ~ o P o K ~W HmH Axnma, , ~ o ~ o p b lBi i~JLTIHHIIcTHY~cKo~~ ZI P W M C K O ~Tpamunn ~ ~ 0 0 6 ~ PaccMaTpmancx 4e K a K ((Bnaama OHTan, CKpbIBaeTCH B ((CJIOB~)) nOn OnpeneJIeHkieM T ~ M J T O P O K ~ H C K ~ O J I B ~ H O~c. o 6 e ~ ~ HHTepecHO o WkTBJIeYerne K repMeHeBTIWeBbIpaXeHMH 40 Kyp% Tnyropo~aHa H 3araAKe T ~ M J T O P O K ~ H6C0K ~1 O~~aOHa HMeHH PHMCKOrO 6ora nOpTOB H raBaHefi K0pa HJDI ~ O ~ T Y H ~ K HeMy 06paruam~caMopexom1 kl KYlUIbl B W ~ B ~ C T H( (On~e~c ~rpe6e UOB)) n3 Ca.masaeac~oroc6opama namac~ofi nossnn VI B.: ~ ~ C S I ~ I lUWTCH Kopa nPH3blB; TaK BOCICrIEWIeM Re r p O M K O e : 3fia!)) II03TkIKH ((CJXOBI)) llpORBJIeHNe 0 ~ 0 W 3 K ~ THllHYHOe K
H. T o ~ o ~ o B ~He~M'~ ( ~ ~ 6 0neBkIubI)). fi
MeTdHHH Xpe6HIl Bceenaeon o ~ t e n q e c e s t n w q o.rpaxamca +opuI 4.'Ia IIssecrHoro MO-
COMHeHHO, TaKRe IIpNCJTCTBYeTB 3TOM TOnOCe
Tnsa as ~ a @ o n o r m e c ~ 6~orpa(bnw oii E n e ~ bKorna ~, nome
ee nom-
T J T H OO~~~~ ~ ~ O B ~ H H O H C ~T B~~K~ )O,I I T H O noG ,M H e H m HeKOTOPbIX
WeHHH T e c e e ~ ki n e p k ~ a o eO~ ,m 6pocam xpe6wfi, KoMY N3 ~ k i nonx
H c C J I ~ ~ O B ~ jTJDl T GA Tpe~ BH ~e~ pY~ CC ~K , OrO aBTOpa XI1 B., CKO-TbKO YHlI-
ma
TO%H 3pemiH nOlIyCTnM0, T O B
npnHamexaTb
mHaa Kpacasaua. B O ~ M O X H O TOT ,
MOTHB B
CnerKa OTBJIeKaXCb, BblpaXy BOCXHWeHHe He CTO.rIbK0 .mITepa-
~ a n a ~ oMfOiI ~ M O C T ~ K )ero ~ C C O ~ ~ ~ T I I B H O - x y n o ~ e cMbIume-memoro
((CJIOB~)) KOHTaMIIHHpyeTCH C 3nH30AOM Tpoalrc~ofi B O ~ ~ HB~KIO,TO-
HUH, er0 C ~ O C O ~ H O C T 0 ~'M I~ 'O,.TKHyBLUHCb O T @ K T ~ CYMHTklUbI, BO3-
OM roBopmcx o cnopax k~s-san o x n ~ e ~ ~Oom r oc c e e ~ nepesmrfror o n a m a m A e s b ~A @ ~ Hc ~AXKCOM I T e x a ~ o m i , q o(no ~ BepcaEI, ~ s n o x e ~ ~B o Xfpi o m e Moama Marra-m~)~~~. Maqana 3 a ~ e m 3 n~ 0 f i Bepc~efiK ~ H O H H Y ~ C KBapAaHT E ~ ~ ~ CnOpa M e w AXKCOM N OJlJl~ceehf ,is-sa nocnexoB norw6rnero Awnma H, XOTR Ha TO B TeKcTe XpomKA H ~ T ~ ~ H My O~ a ~ 3 O a ~ naxeiiub~ s, npncymnam-r npaBo 06nana~nx AepeBHHHbIM o 6 p a n o ~A@HHM OJ~JICC~ no K ) .Co@o~rry (((AXKC-6~s e ~ o c e w )A , r a ~ e EI~ Me~enaii o ~ nomeHEr.m mpe6kii Amca, n He 6e3 n o M o w 6 n a r o ~ o m ~ r n eKf iOmccem A@EIH~I OH ~311~1 ~ e p xB CnOpe C T ~ ~ ~ M o H CO ~ ~oXM ~C .CYUeCTBOBaBllIeMy HO IlpOpOYeCTBj', Herrasa 6b1no B ~ I I TTpom, ~ noKa ee oxpamno TO ApeBHee n306paxeHHe ~01y.iefiAOYepN 3eBca. no paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIM B aHTHYHOCTIl
HKKUIefi B K l l e ~ e no CJIyYaIO n0paXeHnH KIleBCKOrO BeJlHKOTO KHR3H
npenCTaBJIeHAHM CTaTyH ~ O ~ H H H - O X ~ ~ H H T ~ ~CT ~O HHL HqaU H ~BI , rOp0nCKOM
XpaMe,
HM, PaccMaTpnBanacb K a K
226
A~T~MHW A I@ , p o w bK ~ M
[email protected] ~ o n n o l q e ~ n caMoro e
HanpHMep,
6.A.
Ms~cnaaaB c n m e c nonoBqaMn B 1068 r., rrpeAemHo C ~ I M cpenU 6 y ~ s a . m ~B oHeCKOnbKkIX CJIOBaX 3mlYeCKOe nOJIOTH0, B 0m0fi (tCTpo@e>) 3anORmb T ~ K O G o65e~ WH@OPM~WH, YTO ~ T U ee I stccrrmncaunw no~ano6rzmzcbromI p a 6 o ~ b 1n necRmn T p y n o ~~ Y C C K W Xn sapy6emxb1x p e ~ b l x~ b ~ c o ~ a j i r nma.m~@mcaefi Wn, TaK n He npmxemnx K ~ a m ~ - . m 6OnpeneneHHbul 0 pe3ym~aTaM. A llpaB-TO B llpOHUKHOBeHWIIB XYnOXeCTBeHHyIO CJTb rrpo6ne- I MbI T ~ O I B ~((CJIOB~)), HH B KOHeWOM CYeTe, KaK H HaAemCb IIOKa3aTb Hac~osLqefipa6o~oii,ortasancrr xenorco m p y r a ~ m inpexHnMn i H CTBaMn HapuCOBaTb
HbLHeXIIHmH ( c p e B O m ~ O H ~ a M H - A e M O K p a T a M H > K)HH3b B
H~~MCK B m 6 0 c~v a e , sHamie rperecrcoro B A O M O H ~ O ~ C KPycn O~~
He 6bxno KaKZ.IM-TOWCKJIH)%lTemHbIM HBJIeHWeM ki HeJIb7H YTBepX4aTb anpH0pki ki KaTeropmecKu, YTO ~ O M T B n O m H H K K e 6b1n a6CoJJlOTHOHenOClyneH H HenHTepeCeH ApeBHepyCCKUM aBTOpaM.
MMe-
PYCHB XI1 B. noYnTbmann 11 r o ~ q aH, n n a ~ o a an, A p n c ~ o ~ e m saHma, nncb cxe~orpa@nefi, n p e ~ c ~ a s m s m eco6ofi fi O ~ I 1 H13 BMCIIII.IX pasMTCII, XOTb ki BeCbMa C K Y m I e , CBkiAeTeJIbCTBa 0 TOM, YTO H a
A m O B B H ~ ~ H T H ~ ~(@~JIOJIOTH~~. c K O ~ ~ ~ H ~ o VAMeHeHMe K o ~ aJIJIerOpn-
11ec~nx 06pa30~ B ((Cnoseo nomcy Mropese))npaKnnecKI.1CHHXPOHH O PaCnPOCTpaHeHIlM a.XlIerOpe3bI B ~ O ~ O C ~ O B TpyAaX C K I I XH
n o c n a w x K T M M ~Chfom~nYa, HT~ Knpnnna T ~ ~ O B C K O EI T~ O pqep. Bo-BTOP~IX, npki BCeM YBaXeHEDI K A. M. Eynammy K a K K BMAHOMY cneunalnlny no nsyreHmo a m n r KOBHbIX ~eII~enefi 3TOTO BpeMeHk1.
H O r O HaCfleWR B ApeBHepyccK~fi .KkiTepaT)'pe, HeJIb3R H e OTMeTtITb, YTO 4TlTipOBaHHOe B npkIMeYaHIlkI BbICKa3bIBaHEIe OTpaXafXTkIIlHY-
H
b TeKqeHm03HO ~ ~ ~ , I ( ~ O J I O ~ H ~ I I P OnOAxOA B ~ H H ~KI n ~ ~p 0 6 J I e ~ a ~
ccrymeseMHoro))B ~ I I I H W I I ,K ((Teopnn ~ ~ E Z M C T B O B ~ H ~BI Io~bnw103)) H~IX Kypcax ((ACTO~IM ApeBHkIx c.TaBmcmIx .mi~epalypw,c o ~ m ~ m ~ x B CCCP n myrnn cnasmcKax crpaHax BO BpeMeHa c q o k r r e ~ m m a 1ctcoqna.mIsMa)). K p o ~ xeo r o , T O ~ K Ono ~ o fnpnruae, i rTo B HIIX, B TAX Kypcax, npamnqecKn n r ~ o p n p y e ~ He c ~paccMaTpr1BaeTcH , C K O J B K O - HCepbe3HO ~ ~ ~ ~ AOQOMH~IG ~ KOMllJleKC naMXTHkIKOB UepK O B H O ~ ~ B I I H C KLO[ Y ~X ~ O B H O ~n~HCbMeHHOCTE1, KOTOPbIe 3aIIOXkiIM OCHOBbI VaMMaTkiKki, cno~oo6pa30~a~k111, CkiCTeMbI TpOnOB, XaHPOB kI CTKTefi,kI OKa3aJIki B CYMMe He213MeptMO 60.m111eeB03~efiCTB~e Ha Q o ~ M I . I ~ o B.V3ITepaTypHbIX ~HH~ II3bIKOB kI COBpeMeHHbIX mITqaTyp BCeX LTaBRHCKIIX HapOAOB, qeM TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIe ((CBflCKkIe)) XaH-
paWaJnepecMoqe. Hano BCe-TaKI.1He 3a6b1sa~b,WO CaMa mICbMeHHOCTb Y BCeX CnaBRHCKkIX HaPOAOB nOXBkiJIaCb BMeCTe C XpkiCTkiaHCTBOM, BOCTOYHbIM II 3anambM. E Y A ~ M HaAeRTbCR, YTO n p 0 6 n e ~ b 1 cc3ammoBams)), npo6nem1 B - ~ F I M n a~~ m c ~ onfrpe~eceo i fi ~ y m ~ y ( p~ H T H Y H O B~ ~Z ,I J ~ H T H ~ ~ C KnOc~p~ e) m e ~ e ~ o ~3anamoesponefiofi pbl, 3Tki y4ep6Hb1e ((kiCTOpkIl1))HyXAaIoTCR B CPOYHOM EI
b
HOM
C K O ~H ~a meBHepYCCKYIO nkiCbMeHHOCTb nO.qYaT B HOBbIX K y p C a X
Henpemsmoe,He O T ~ O I U ~ H HKoMnneKcaMu O~ n p n ~ y m e . m ~ oK ro J noxHo noHHMaeMoro n a q n o m 3 ~ aocseueHEIe. O m o x n ad ~ calendas graecas onpenenerneHenocpeAcTseHHbIx, KOHICP~TH~IXn c r o r m o B , oncyna MOT norepnHyTa cseAeImn o TpoR H C K O ~H~CTOPkIki aBTOP ((CJIoBa)). ~ O - B ~ ~ ~ Z M M O bM I HkKKOTAa ~ , He CMOXeM Oj4I03HaYHO H B lTOJIHOM YlXKj'lO 3aAaYy.
061e~epeUETI5 Jry
HCTO~IHHKOBeA-
O ~ ~ 3T0 K SMIIIb O yBeJEWABafl 3HaYHMOCTb ki BaX-
HOCTb YCTaHOBJIeHkiII HCXOAHbIX PI AOCTyllHbIX IlpOMeXyTOYHbIX JDiTepaTypHbIXKOOpJ@iHaT aHTki'IH6IXTOnOCOB II ApyTHX 3JleMeHTOB n o m m ~((Cnosa)). .~ n
o s ~ o 3~ayt i i c b pacrunpemeM Kpyra AOBOAOB
Tpomnn, 3EMAR Tpomnn B TeKCTe Mropeae))B XyAOXeCTBeHHOM, nO3TkFIeCKOM aCneK-
B nO-lb3Y TOrO, WO Tpoanh, E e K A ((CJIOB~ 0 nOj'IKy
Te CBII3aHbI C .miTepaTypHO-kICTOpI1YeCKkIMqOIIHCKEIM KOMnneKCOM.
T ~ KC Y , qeTOM B ~ I I I I ~ E I ~ ~ o n~O~IIBH.WH IOT oC T RoHeKOTOPbIe OCnpaBaX OAHy CTapyM KOHSeKTypy, KOTOpaII ITpeAJIaraflaCb rn BbIpaXeHkiII E'k\(n Tpomnn. B c o o 6 1 ~ e ~ nP.u0. TI.IMKOBCKOI'O AOIIIJM A0 HaC CBeAeHkiII 0 npOB0AkIBIIIeMCfi B CBOe BpeMII H. M. K a p a M s n ~ b CJDIqeHkIkI r~ pJXOnHCH0r0 M Y C H H - ~ ~ K H H C I.1K neYaTfIOrO O~O kI3AaHkIR 1800 r. TeKCTOB ((Cnosa o no.my Mrope~e)), B p e 3 y m ~ a KoToporo ~e ctoKasanocb, w o necHb o noxoae KHII~IIM r o p ~ co ~ c e TgO Y H O C T ~ MHaneraTaHa npoH0BaHI.W ll,llX TOTO, 9 ~ 0 6 bYTBepmb 1 B
THB ITOAJIkiHHHKa, BbIWM)YaIIE ' k ~ tT l
~O~ BMH eCTA O KOTOPbIX B nOA-
JIkiHHkIKe CTOIIT &\(ti TpORtIA)).'91
Ha ~
0 fB3r.W, i HanBCaHIIe E'k\(n B
C 1800 Morn0 6 b 1 ~AaXe b He
C T O ~ K Ope3y.mTaToM HenpaBKmHoro nporTeHnfi ~ T O CnoBa ~ O nep-
BOkI3AaTeE3Mki, CKoJIbKO T ~ I . I S Z I & ~00lllk16~06 I ~ I I O ~ ~~ a 6 0 p 1 ~ 1 . mTame a.
O I I I ~ I ~ K IB I I.13AaHHI.IeCTb: HanpkiMep, BhfeCTO 06AflOAbl C€rO Ep€M€HH
H a 6 p a ~ 006AflOAbl CCrO €p€M€HH, BMeCTO CEHEAR - CCHEAR EI Ap. CBTX 3TOrO MOTH0 npe~O.TOXEITb,YTO B K'k\(llnOTOMy kl npHCyTc r ~ y mTepa e~ ccu)), r r o oHa w . m e ~ c Cn ~eA ~oM n e p ~ o ~ a r a - m . ~co' k~~-no, rn KOTOpOrO $ 0 p ~ ac'kqll MaJIOBepOIITHa name B YCTaX fIOCI.ITeJlH nCKOBCKOr0 E m 1 HOBrOpOACKOrO maJIf2KTa. O C H O B ~ H H ~ M TaKOro 3 a ~ m o r e ~ nc.qmaT m cocemne, B ~ o f me i ccxecTe)) 06 Onere TopEIc.TaBkIre, Hanncams ~'ku \(CAOE'~KOM%, a TaKme B q q n BC~CAARA n , cmopqn, rar\nqn, ~ y q nn rpeqn, c xapan~epsoGarur @ O H ~ ~ ~ E ((Cnosaw a - m ~ e p ~ a ((K)) ~ ~ IIe uf ~i ) ) O . m a ~ npn o aaa.mrse xayaKTepa H ~ O ~ ~ I Y HB ~@IOXH ~ ~ H Y ~ C K O aCneKTe M HalJZlcaHkIfi ( ( C ~ O B H ~~ OM~ X O mM0 yIkITbIBaTb kl q e 6 o s a ~ k i x~ B @ O ~ I H H KOTOpbIMIl , nOCTOIIHH0 pJXOBOACTBOBanCIIaBTOp ((CnoBa>).H a n p n ~ e pB, ((nJIaYeX
~OU~B-
HbIH ~ a 6 . m ~ a e ~XapaKTepHOe c11 OTCJTCTBAe TaKOrO 'IePeAOBaHIIR: flpOCTp€ rOpRYxt0 CROW A p Y HA
...,r
ACt0 HMh A p A C'LflpRXC
e ((U_))
a ' k KOH, B AvJ
E'b fl0A'k 6 € 3 E 0 ~ XAXd
(w), OnpeAC'IeHHO o6asc-
HIIeTCII npOAO.TIXeHkIeM ~ B @ O H M Y ~ C KJIkiHkiH O ~ ~ YW-YIO-YH
C 6a30~0ti
K O H C O H ~ H(tU_)). TO~ O~ TMeTHM (UlTPiYkIb,( ( U M K ~ kIMY O ~ K~MWI~~)) IIsbIK, ~ B J X O ~ O A ~ ~ X k1 ~ OmOBpeMeHHO T ~ J B H ~ I ~C~O A ~ ~ X ~ T ~
XapaKTep ~ B Y K O ~ I C Iccnnara I XpoCnasHbr)). Ha MO# B3r.W, OHa COaHarpaMMy h I @ i o H a , h s k I o H a , B ~YKB~JBHoM CMbICne KpnrarqyIo, (mraruyro)) o 3 ~ a ~ aBTopoM r n ((Cno~a)) rperec~ofin P M M C K O ~J~I H T ~ ~ ~ ~ H o - M I I @ o J I o T ~O-,~ c K o a ~ TaKXe ~ 0 TOM, ¶TO aBTOp ((CJIOB~)) pyIcOBOACTBOBanCII npH nPOkI3HOIIIeHEiA 6 y ~ ~ ((C)) b 1
AepXkiT
nepen c c i M ~ ((en H0pMaMI.I H e ~ n a c c n r e c ~ noa3T b I m , a 6 o n e e n o 3 m t n MH, q a , l W W I O H H b I M H . ~ o - B M $ I U M O M Y , H e H a m TOYIIOTO PYCCKOrO n 0 3 T H Y e C K O r 0 , CMblCJIOBOrO Zl .rIeKCH¶eCKOTO 3KBEBa.TeHTa H
~
3
B
n m u b r , ~ a c a m L q e i i cB~nonme K ~ ~ I J I ~ R M B OAA ~ I(BOT y A a p R x K P ~ I JIOM, IIORBMBUIHMCII T O 5 K O YTO, BO3L[YX, s a A e a a T b ~ I O I I O J I ~ . I H ~ mnua, R
C T ~ JnI0 ~B e p X H O C T b
BOB1
M H a nery maaaaml ycTa ee ~ a ~ 1 0 6 b l
~
~
nown L u T a M n a , H a x o D n I l p K o e o - r p a x e H n e B - 3 B p o n n c n B c T y n n e ~ r z r Kr ((xecrebb 06 Onere Csarocnas~ye(Topnc~~asme). Ha 3 T O T p a 3 OCraHOBJIIOCb H a 3TOM 3aMe11aTeSIbHOM @ ~ K T ~ Y J n o A o . m L u e n k i c n o m 3 y r o cpencTsa ~ B @ O H H Y ~ C K Oa~~Oa . r n 3 aam AeM O H C T p a u H k i H AOKa3aTe.XbCTBa npUCJ'TCTBU5l
B AaHHOM $ p a r h r e ~ ~ e
~ ~ H O R ~ ~ Ia Y H aHv aOM~M~b 1 , K O T O p a R B b I C T y n a e T B KacIeCTBe CMblCnO-
Ynp0-
I l o J l H b l f i , C K O P ~ H ~KI a~K~6, ~ 1 1 ~ 3BYK 0 T p e I I I a H R e M T O H X O r O KJlTOBa...
B O r O KJIlO'Ia H K O M M e H T a P H R K y K a 3 a H H O M Y YYaCTKy TeKCTB.
O ~ k m l f i ,M e ' r a ~ o p ~ o 3 b lK . em
wiur n cohpauarr rrpoue~ypys ~ @ o ~ w e c ~aaamsa o r o a aHarpaMMa-
F
a A J I ~ U E I O732-731), H~, o KOTOPO~~
m P e Y b B JIaTkIHCKOM TeKCTC, a B T O p ((CJIoBa)) H n p e i U l O Y e J I Y n O T -
3ra
TmecKoro
c m e 3 a L 9no ' n p n r M H e yxe y c r a H o s n e H H o r o
nyreM
o6pa-
npyTFie, C O A e P X a T e . m H L I e F1 XYAOTeCTBeHHbIe 3JIehfeHTb1 ((nJIa~a R~ocJIaBHbI)) (IlpH3b1Bb1 K B q Y PI C O m I W , ).nOMkIHaHAe ~ I O ~ > C K6p11, O ~ ~ n p o c b 6 b l ((IIpkI!IeJIeIITb)) IIO BO.rMaM CBOerO M y X a kI q.) IIpORCHRIoT o y e p e m y m 3 a r a m y n o s T m F 1 1 . 1 n e K c m o n o r M r 1 ((Cno~a)), A a s a R oc-
WeHMR K C O A ~ I ) X ~ T ~ . ~ I ~C H MO ~ I~C ~J T, O B OCTOPOHe ~~ BCpOXTHOrO K-rIIOYa,
H O B a H H R I l P e m O J I a r a T b , YTO n O A ( ( H ~ B ~ A O M'ler3ElLIefi>) O~~ CKpblBaeT-
T a K o e n 3 0 6 p a m w k 1 e T e K C T a a H a v a M M b I - beJumtzjanus.
newax, k 1 3 6 e r a r o r s a x B O ~ KI y K y m a , a ~ M ~ I O P O A O K , ne~aw~~ K afc ia x, c b c B o n M a ( ( 6 e 6 p x r r h r ~ ~ )( )a ~ n a c ~ b I M r 1no , IJB~T~ H 6nec~y HanOMMHaK)II@ihlkI A p a r O U e F l H m IIIeXKOByK, T K ~ H K~ p)b I .mma ~ o m o t nosepmocTn i (OMOYW sespm~apyuasa p a Kam~+ p 8 4 8 ) , YTO ( ( n I I a Y ~ ~ O C J I ~ U H CO3AafI ~ I ) ) n0a CkI.XbHbIM R O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T Brlehl n o 3 ~ m 1 . 1 ( ( M r n a ~ o p $ 0 3 ) ) @EW, HO n o l l p o 6 ~ ap ~ a?pa60ma 3 ~ 0 r mrrepwethr~ero o M o n m a , T a K x e nopmepmamuero c a m b no-
xe M a p r C n p o B K y o c y u e c r B . r m
p e 6 E i ~ bB b r p a x e H r I e c c 7 e r 3 t r u a H e 3 H a e h r a m ) .
a H a r p a h r M a 1.1
CR c o B c e M H e
B b U e J I I O B B b I p a X e H k I E I , K O T O p O e , IIO I I p e ~ O J I O X e H K f O &I , 3aKm011aa B CBO&
3BJ'KOlMCM a H a r p a M M Y , X a p a K T e p H b I e 3BYKOBbIe ( J l l I ~ e p H b I e )
KOMn.rIeKCbI M 3aMapKApJ'Io p y R QEIJItXaII&fe
kIX ~ ~ ~ $ H Y ~ C K P CpeACTBaMI.1. IMU MapK1.1-
rJIaCHbIe MeCTe C
B
6a30~ofiK O H C O H ~ H T O ~IIOlIyYY ,
Ta~ym
HPIX~~ a p~ a r~ ~ eB ~ ~O e:~
3 T l W 1 ((CIIoBa)) C a H ~ k F I H 0 f. ir ~ ~ e 1 ) a ~ y p o f i , T p e 6 y e TB, E ~ I h . I O , O T ~ e e T b -
H Op~ a60~b1.
B n e p e B o A e B. A. X y x o a c ~ o r oT a K x e ~ a m ~ r e c - r cc5b~i11.1 ~ye~ cew TPORHOB~I)), a H e ccseKa T P O R H O B ~ I ) ) , XOTR B n o c n e m e M uwaH n n ero n e p e B o A a o m y ~ a - T nO o n B I . I . m c b (memi TPORHOB~I))'~? %o BMeIIIaTe.mCTB0 B TeKCT B. A. XJXOBCKOTO H e T a K 6 e - 3 0 6 ~ 4 1 ~ 0 ,K a K K a x t T c R wa nepsb~ii B 3 r . w . E c . 6b1 ~ B 3 a ~ e cgyn ~ e Tpomnn H a gun T p o ~ t i nnpORBkIJIaCb C O 3 H a T ~ J I b H a RB0.M n e p B 0 ~ 3 ~ a ~ e . r 1 e fki.X&I i XOTR 6 6 1 O m O r O k13 HkIX, .r11060ii,
c a ~ b l fm i 1 6 e p a . m ~ b 1 i i CYA llPk1CRXHbI.Y
n O B e p e H H b I X O T TeKCTO-rIOTHW k1.m
Textkritik P a C u e H H n 6 ~ 3 a K~T 0 ~
K a K ~ J I o H ~ M ~ ~ G H kiMeIOU,Hfi H~IR, Ue.'IblO 3 a T e M H H T b nPMPOAJ' Kki H 3 A a B a e M O r O T e K C T a .
Bern RCHO,
n03TM-
YTO e C - m 6 b 1 B T e K C T e C 1800 6b1-
JIM BOCIlpOH3BeAeHbl c % Y ~ T p o m ~ n HH ,
6b1 C O M H ~ H W ~YTO ~, tr0Janus.
aBTOp rOBOpAT 0
y K O r O A a X e H e BO3HkiKaJIO T ~ O R H CBKO O ~ ~ H0 ~~ bellum ,
K ~ 3KT 0 H e I I O K a X e T C R y,L@IBHTeJI%HblM
k1.m H e B 0 3 M O X H b I M ,
HO e C m 1 O ~ P ~ T M T ~ C K ICI q J ' K T j ' P H O M Y ~B$OHAY~CKOM)' a H W 3 y T e K -
CTa, 0 6 ~ a p y x k m a e r c YTO ~ , I $ O H ~ M H ~ ~ COCTaB I 3 T O r 0 ndTHHCKOr0 PaXeHHR,
230
no
YaCTOTe
o 6 p a ~ n e ~K nH ~ eMy
Bbl-
JIaTkiHCKElX a B T O P O B -
LA.
Q ) O H ~ M H ~( JI D~ l ~ e p H b l f i ) COCTaB 3TWX JLPIHHG 0 Y e H b 61.1113~0 H3BOJIliT
3 B y Y a H H e JIaTWHCKOrO C-rIOBa
BOCIIPO-
bellurn, 03HaYaIoIJJerO ((BOG-
Ha)>. OTM~THM AO~OJIHMTe.rIbHO, YTO ~ B = H C ~ P a C C M a T p H B a e M O r O y W K I K a M O r J I a $ O P M ~ ~ ~ O B B T ~IIOA C R aCCOWiaTPiBHbIM $ o m s e c ~ E i M B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T TeCHO B H ~ MC B R 3 a H H O r O CeMaHTWYeCKH kI no 3ByKOBOMY CO-
beacosus - ((BOMHCTB~HH~G)), be&& -- ((3B)'K ~ y n n Be n ~ o x om~ ) h, el l o , bellare -- - - cmoeB a T b , BeCTH B O ~ ~ I I ~ I B3ona )), - PIlMCKaR 6ornm B O ~ ~ H C~ eIC, T p a Mapca. Apyrofi J I e ~ c n Y e c K k i fKOMllOHeHT i a H a r p a M M b I -t f O j a n ~~ r a K x errpeBocxomo o T p a x e HB ~ B ~ K O P ~ M a ~C ~~~ a - r p n ~$parae~G M ~ H - T ~ : T - T _ - ~ - ~ - T _ - T _ - ~ - ~E-- T _ C T a B y rHe3&3 CJIOB:
T p y 6 b 1 , C E I T H (K ~ ~~
& - ~ - P & - ~ - @ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ty-n~-tq, - - OC - C - C - C - C - C. ~ P BCeM H RO3MOTHOM H e X e J I a HEM npciqerc~ cornacnTbcrr
c M ~ I C ~ KYTO ) , ~1cnorn3o~ame UHOR~~N-
H O r O C n O B a HJEi B b I p a X e M B COCTaBe a H a r p a M M b I , H e K O T O p O r O BHYTpeHHero cmIcnoBoro H a n o m e m T e K c T a ,
rpemonaram orreHt. nptr-
J E i 9 H b I f i D O B e H b B n a f i e H n X 3 T I I M S y X A M , B A a H H O M CJlJ'Yae TIIHCKHM, R'lbJKOM.
- JIa-
H ~ C O M H ~BHa H H aO m I,3 H P Y e M O M @ P ~ T M ~ H TT O ~
-
RBlTJTeTCR H 3@(beKTK B a 3 H a H a r p a M M b I HSIE.1 r H n O I p a M M b 1 , eCSIE.1 M b I n P H M e M B O BHPiMaHZie ~ B @ O H M ~ ~ CB.KHRHIle KO~ HaSIE.19eCTBW4CTO B TeKCTe CnOBa
-
H e yXO,I@IJI H3
a KOppeKTHOe nOTeHIWpOBaHIIe no MOIIM H ~ ~ S W A ~ H M R~Mp, e 6 y y9€Ta a BCeX T I m O B no-
TOB A HCTOPHKOB, ~ ~ U I Z I I K O J b H b I~ M~ ~ H H K okICT09WIKOM M , BAOX-
T b E o C O C T a B a ~ B @ O H A ~ ~ C KJ DAI H Xn G , aHaqaMMbI,
.-
TPORHH. O A H ~ KT M On O q a M M a H e n O K p b I B a e T I l O m I O C -
@ephl
BHHMPHIIR B I I ~ ~ I ~ T M ~ ~ CI IKn H C aX~ e J ~ e f@ILXO~Oi,
H b I X X P U C T H I H C K R X P E i T O p O B , ~ O T O C ~ O B OIIB ~ Z I M H O Q ~ ( ~ O B Henpe.
B T O P O B ~ B Y K O C O ~ B~TeKCTe. T~HA~
M ~ I W Io 3~y~ononpaxa~e.m~ofi, s~cnpecc~m~oii, CImBommecK O &I ~ C O ~ ~ X ~ T ~ J I ~ H O - CHM a r p~yI3 C K e~~ O BB ( ~OO ~H ~~ I ~ I CHCTe~ C K O ~
((CJIOB~)) BbI(3Ca7bIBWIlICb me B 1926 r. B . @. P X C k ~ o f B i er0 CTaTIX c c r a p ~ o ~ up ae m "Cnosa o nomcy Mropese")), HO n e p B o e ueneH a n p a s n e m o e n p ~ r ~ e ~a e H a~r pna eM M a T m e c K o r o n H c - r p y h I e m a p I I R K T e K c r y ((Cno~a)) n p n H a m r e x m , n o - B k m L M o M y , T. M. Hmonae~ 0 f i B~ C~B o~e .B p e m R O T M e g a n I I C ~ O ~ ~ ~ Oa BH a~r pHa MAM~a T I I 9 e c K o f i T e X H I I K H a B T O P O M ((CIIOB~)) I1 IlPACJ'TCTBlIe B er0 T e K C T e IISIOX3bI4HbIX ABYXKOMnOHeHTHhIX a H a Q a M M ( A K ~ O C T P I XB ((CIIOB~)), C. 150- 152; C. 160-1 6 1). OAASI n p I I M e p a H a q a M M H P O B a H I l R ~ e ~ cccCnosa)) ra yrcpen.wieT M e T o n o n o r m e c u a e n n m o n o r I 1 r e c K w e O ~ O C H O B ~ H H Snp I aBOhIepHOCTlI npII%IeHeHIIXMIIKPOCTPYUTYPHO1-0 ~ B @ O ~ ~ ~ Ca ~ K aOm~3 O H a C I I H T ~ T ~a H a r p a M M a T w e c K o r o ~ano.-IMbI
me
~ i r r ~ o n o n ~ r e c xcmxeT: ~ r i i T~ORHCK~H ~oiin ~ cym6a a 3~en ,%~rop n~mocppo~ @eo~pklT Karynn Bepr~mul
H e H H R T e K C T a &M p e I I I e H k i X 3 a A a Y F ' e P M e H e B T k i K M MOTKPbITOTO))
cD11noc~pa~ Ko.my@ qHl.1, C o ~ q X a l l ( e f i c X B T e K C T e B HeREIHOM BEiAe. M3 ~ ~ ~ O ~ P ~ H H O I - 0 KB&IHT C . ! 9 a R I I ~ T I I H O I I ~ a~H Ia Q~a H MM Oh I~ ~C r I e A y e T H ~ O ~ X O W ~ I Xki CMllPHCKHii T e K C T a FI nO.Wy9eHHR n O m a C
RCKSW9HTerIbH0
6onee B
~ X H O H ~~ H ~ ~ Y A M IIH@OPMZ~O ~
B a X H b I X BbIBOAB: n e p B b 1 G - a B T O p
n n O X 0 'lHaJI JIaTbIHb.
Bnporm, B
I 1
cflnanor o reponx>> ccIIozmewe Enemla NO c06blnlx~nocne r o ~ e p a n
I
Aa~a
%J ~ I K
rpeq. rpeq. na~. na~.
rper.
111 B. no H. 3. 111 B. A 0 H . 3. I B no H . 3. >>
I
11-111 B. H .
3.
>>
IV-V e. H. 3.
>>
>>
((CJIOB~)) He-
> JI~MI~ ccCeanb6a n e n a li O ~ T I ~ A ~ I * c(3~e1~n
@enbne~e rep6op-r Op1imapaui4
@OH
I .
Ko~pa BIopq6yprCKlo'l ~BIUO
~e K o n y ~ n a
XI1
B
H. 3.
@paw.-
>>
cC3~ew>
He~eu.
>>
ccnem o Tpoe)~
He~eq.
>>
na~. -
XII-XI11 B. H. XI11 B. H.
3.
3.
>>
233
KHX oTHoIU~HU~~ M e w CflUa, YM'h kI f l O X O T I l B TeKCTe C 1800 nOp0mna MHororncneHHbIe ncnpaBneHnrr B HankicaHnn ~ T H XCJIOB 1.1Ta-
ÿ TOT CITEICOK MOXeT 6 b m 3HaYHTeJIbHO AOnO.THeH, eUEI B Her0 BKJIIOYAT~ a p a r ~ e ~ ~ a p ~ HO b AocTaTowo re, ommmIBb1e n M H O ~ O -
o l p a x e m ~ p o r n c ~ oTeMaTkmn fi B pa~~e-cpeppe~e~os a n a ~ ~ ~ o e ~ p o n e3noce, f i c ~ oHanpnMep, ~ P;peBHenpnaHAcKoM,
wimeeHble
KAe Xe MHOrOYkICJIeHHbIe CMbICTIOBbIe, HO paBHO HeyA0EUICTBOpHTe.~-
BOM
Hble TOJIKOBaHktR3TOr0 MCCTB.
CM~H HaCTaHBaTb, ) YTO
IIPeAJIarae-
rSpeBHeEICJIFlHACKOM, ~ ~ ~ ~ o $ ~ ~ H I J ) 1 '1?AaXe c K oBMJ I ~ H ~ O ~ ~ ~ A C K O M MbIe (He TOJIbKO M H O ~ ~W ) 3MeHeHPiR nOJIHOCTbI0 PaCCeWBaMT ,
qmcrIe c ~ a s a m o3 X y r p ~ i ~ p n xCnpamsamca, e. ec.m B TeKcTax q e e HeqnayqcKoro moca ( c n o ~ e e n6bma e a 3 KyaJIb~re)), co3Aamo-
CIIIITaKCHYeCKJW&ICeMaHTEIYeCKp (CTeMHOTJ'))3TOr0 YIaCTKa TeK-
r 0 B oCIJ)OBHO~~, yna.W~H0fiOT K O H T ~ I H ~ H T ~ J I ~ HKY.rLbT]' O~~ pbl H LU.1-
Uu BepHocn nomepmamcR 06pasy1oupmc~B p e 3 y m ~ a~~ 0e 3 BpaqeHnrr Ha nepBoHarramHoeMETO y ~ a ? a ~ ~ oc rb-poa r ~ e Koxo~~a
ski.mInaunn MpJIaHpJin &Ip a c c ~ a s b 1 ~ a ~ ) uoeCr O o ~ ~ I T ~ IHHaXpy6eme
Ha . r l ~ ~ e f i H b ((rOPkI30HTaJILHbIM)) I~ BKPOCTlIXOM,
a
Ot1 OTKpbIBaeT
eamefi s p b ~yxe , coaepmeHao remo pa?mIramTcs cneml ~ H ~ K O M crsa TaMomHnx literari c ((MmIaA~ii)>, TO norebly MLI AonxmI oma3bIBaTb B 3TOM aBTOpY ((CJIOB~)), XkIBUIeMy W.rM ~ ~ I B ~ B UB ~Kne~ M Y B e , Hosropone, n c ~ o n e ,nonome nnn r a m r e BOII~IHCKOM, RII-
HOBOe CMhICrIOBOC O ~ ~ I I C H ~KHCOlIepXaHkJlO W ~ BC&,
BO MHOrOM B
cTa.
npeXHeM COCTOHHIlIl I ~ P O T Z I B O ~ ~ Y W~Tp~$bI-nepklO~a BO~~, PI AaXe I
o ~ s e s a m~a ~onpoc,no ~ a ~ o~fai~ i onipi a r w ~ ec n a ~ xKHII~IO
~ M L
noxorn. AefiCrBki~emH~, npemoxeHne
Gna~v,21na310 YMX noXoTn ucXaAOCTb €My ~ H A M € H ~3€4 C ~ f l nCIIHTaKcmecxt1 6esynper~0,a ero BOJMOXHMG 6naronpncroii~b1finepe-
JIIIBWMUCR KPYnHbIMkI KYJIbTYPHbIMA 4eHTpaMA ~B0efi 3nOW M CBR3aHHblMll TbICR¶bH)H Z I T YI~B~~~3 a H ~ n e11f 3anaAHofi i E~ponofi.
KyCflTH & i l J EeAHKal'O t l
Ao~oIIHMT~.TI~Ho nOATBepXAaeT 3HaHIle aBTOPOM IIITZIHR - I ~ ki IK n a~~ z m c ~ o~f in $ o n o m nncnornsoaattne n~ cnoBa c(Kynnao~>). B C B O e BpeMR R AeKJIapkIPOBaJI nPWC)'TCTBWe ~ K P O C T A I I I H O ~ ~I CTPJXTJ'Pbl B (> aKpOCrnXa CM. A ~ p o c ~ B nx ((CJIOB~)), c. 27), saKmoraIoLqerocR B O apase Gnanx ma310 YMX noXoTn NCVCTpehfXeHHeM OTBeAaTb, k1CnbITaTb
6 p o c a e ~0n0.THlI~e.UbHbIfi ~ k1 B M H O r O M H e ~ X k I a a ~ ~ bCIBftX i H a AOJITO ki CTpaCTIIO O ~ C Y X A ~ ~ B4e.m I I I ~ I1~ C R xapaKTep noxona M r o p ~ . B TeKcre C 1800 ceMkmonotI ncqcnm Aotq KennKaro we^ nocne n m o m e ~ ~yH A M ~sacrynn. G~ 3-0 o m o n3 c a - e ~ ~ b u(npeme u, B C e r O B CIlHTaKCWYeCKOM OTHOLU~HI-IA) MeLT ((CJIOBB)) A0 ClIX nOp He no.nywno c ~ o n b ~ o - r n 1 6 ynpneMneMoro m nposTema H To.moBaHm,
CR B 3aMeHe EI Bnome ApaBOMepeH ~ a K 0 fXeCTKHfi, i 6e7 Bcxrtofi YMMSIb-
HeCMOTpR Ha OrpOMHbIe nPKrIOXeHHbIe ~ c H J I H RE~c~ . !. TOJIbKO He
I I O - C ~ H T ~ I M ~ H T ~ . X ~ H O - ~ ~ ~ naTeTHKH O W Y ~ C K O ~BapPIaHT ~ nepeBOAa:
T e K C T O J I O r E I ¶ e C K ~ T O 3 a ~ a Y yki
cynTaTb TO cTpaeHoe cMeweHne
sa ~kinnrec~afi B c~ampJirecrcofi
nossnn nptieM nepenneTeHnR myx cnHTaKcrrrecKti HesaBncaMblx m w f i nJnoxeHm, ~ y OmoBpeMeHHo x p a 3 ~ o p a r m a ~ ) r r ~npenlxc~ noxes~iti,TO B 3TOM MeCTe, WCXOAR EI3 YCJIOBIIH CBIl3HOCTIl kt ~pe60saH E I CkIHTaKcnca, ~~ RBHO ~ p e 6 y e nepeMeweHne ~c~ sbnuey~a3a~~oro CeMkIKOnOHa B MHOe MeCTO TeKCTa, YTO H BbInOJlHeHO B ~ T ~ H B ~ A ~ H H o ~ ~
K p o ~ 3e ~ 0 f Ci A H T ~ K C W Y ~ C KKOH%eKTYPbI O~~ COrJIano pOAy ~ p e 6 y e3aMeHbI ~ CnhA Ha CndA'h (cI'I~A'~yM'h). Cosepme~~arr HeonpeAenemocTb C M ~ I C J I O B ~ I Xki ~ o p $ o c ~ r m a ~ c n r e c -
HkiXe PeAaKWti. COBaHtIe
CHTH
dom, KeAHKdl'O, TO CJIOBO nOXOTb, C T p O r O rOBOpH, He HyXAaeT-
T p o ~ y n YMOM c ~ KHII3b OT BOweJIeHkIR, OT IIOXOTkt (('b Kynnaony se~n~orK o )c 0 6 n a s ~ aA~O HBe-mmoro ~ n CTpaCTb eMy 3HaMeHHe 3aCTIOHnna. ~ O C K O J InpaKTIlYeCKIl ~KY Y BCeX JIeKCeM B TeKCTe ((CXOrn~e~eSiHbCn0 @ p ~ e ~ y 6 nBo?MoXHO, b, saw meacrr npmofim YTO BMeCTO X d A O C T b nepBOHaYaJIbH0 CTOrrJIO XWOCTL
(Hepa3.mYe-
H n e A n A B n 3 ~ 0 m e m o fpi y ~ o n n c t Bnome i B ~ O R T H O )B napamem K: A Mbl p e , ApyXnHa, x q H n Becenna. Torna BMeCTO ((CTpaCTb)) B nepeBoAe H ~ A OnocraBmx, ( ( x a , ~ ~ o m (cp. > >CMbImoBbIe 1.1goamsecxtle C B X naT. ? ~ cupid0 c naT. cupiditas B 3HareHm cta.~~YHoc~b)),
((xZ~AHOCT~))). O
m a a m w x peKn cries n Kpymaupix Bce H a cBoeM q-rn B npncrynax
Bseneme Komemyp
JIIO~OBHO~ 6O e 3 y ~ n a .B C T ~ P O @ ~ ~ H I J Y3nOCe ~ C K ((nOTepRTb OM YM,
~ ~ JTkiLUHE K O BMeIUaTeJmCTBO B Ha.=di TeKCT ki AO~~IYCTIIM T OO ~ K Orrpn ~paihefi n BC~CTOPOHHe a p r y l ~ e m v o s a ~ ~~oef o i 6xo~n~o~ m O1 .~ T OB M He ~Hamamam Ha n p e m o x e ~ ~ o3fai ~ e ~T e~ ,M 6onee, TO noHm1ame cnoBa m ~ o m
c o f i ~ cnyMa)) OT c n m ~ o r YyBcTBa o - xomree BbIpaxeakie: Ponaw B OTB~T:((CyMa csena sac ropnocrb.. .));P o n a oTseTm: ~~ ((2B CBOeM y e ) ) ; M M O J I B ~ :((TMPexHyncR, nomrfi Maep ...)); Bo3sbrcnn ronoc Eiamra~cenofi: t c Y ~ annruklncH, BEIAHO, Kapn-~opo.m!))( n e c ~ b o Ponawe). B xecTax o T n m o ~ O e p a ~ x c r t o@~o p ~ y m ~ bxapaKrfi ~ e HOCRT p 0 6 0 p o ~ bTaKoro l pona: Ema c y ~ Hea caen r k r m o ~ araea; Opa6m ema paccyma He mrrunnacb...ema oTropx H e coluna c p a ; Tpa@~ y yMa ~ OT b rHeaa He .mruPmcx; q y ~ kfe b comen c yMa rkimo~
K a K ((CTpaCTb)),((m60Bb))(MOXHO yKa3aTb nOnOmIHTe.mH0 H a BbI-
60p aBTOPOM c I I ~ ~ I @ ~ I Y@~OCP M K~O ICOI03a ~ ~ O ~ ~ 6 TaKXe 0 ) OTJII.19npemoxeHna ,I BbITe~ a I 0 w e #ki3 Her0 kl aKpOCTkIXa kIHTepnpeTamII.1 o6wero CMbICna 3~01-onepnoaa. HO BnncbIBaeTcx B C M ~ I C J IncnpaBneHHoro
n e p e B 0 ~CflOr\'b KHR3H) YML IlOXOTn Yepe3 KHII3b OT BO)IC4eneHkW.
((TpoHy-UcR J'MOM
..))H e BIBJ15leTCR, KaK MOTeT nOKa3aTbCR,BbIpa-
OT 3JIOCTki ki T. n. T ~ W KO CnOr\'b KHR3H) YML nOX0Tn... H O p M a m H O e pacxoxee KJMure, coBceM He cnem@mec~n WeeHepyccKoro npousBOACTBa, a nOpHAKOM ~ 3 6 k i ~ 06wee 0e hIeCTO B C H H X P O H H O ~3anaA~ Hoesponefic~ofip b ~ q a p c ~ osnme fi XI-XIV BB. A O B O - ~ H BaxHo, O YTO name p a c c ~ a ~ p n s a e KaK ~ b ~TnnonornqecKne, e ~ T H napa.me.mI 3aLTaBmT BqHj'TbCR K nPeJI,UOXeHHOMYewe A. M. E P M O ~ ~ ~ B ~ c6rmxeam CMbICUOB BbIpaXeHEIR, OTHOCHIJJerOCRK XaPaKTepkiCTtIKe ~CkIXOJIO~WYeCKO~O COCTORHkIR M R Y R Mropa nepeA nOXOfiOM: H C T R r H y YML K ~ * I ~ O C T I I H )CKOeH) ki o 6 o p o ~ aIICTrXeTh ( ( ( o T H ~ I ~ T ,
XeHkieM MOW0 OCym4eHkIR ((aMOpaJIbHOrO>> nOBeneHkIR CTpeMkiBIIterOCR BbvBaTbCR Ha ~ ~ 0 6 0 ~ 3 )a'Tk yIB IJ15lTb Mrop~, HO, HallpOTEIB, B nep-
~ o fc~oefi i am, ~acamuleficanoTepki paccyma, 11B sacrI.1, onpene.runoweti n p m ~ s yTO# noTepkI, onnpaeTcx H a pacnpoqaHeHHoe n B IHTEIqHOM, kI B CPemeBeKOBOM 3nOCe k1 pOMaHe o6wee Memo, 06pa3Hoe k1 CTki.TlICTkiYeCKOe K.XHIIle. H a Y a ~ b MOXHO C TOTO, YTO, CO-
macao, HanpkIMep, ((AHeBHkiKy Tpomrc~oRB
O ~ ~ HAmnrca ~ W
K~~IT-
C K O r O , K O T O P ~ InOC.JIyXkiJI ~~ O C H O B O ~&El ~ MIfOTO¶kiC.rIeHHbIXCpeme-
TPORHCKO~~ B0fiHe kI rk16einl Tpon, Me~enafi noTepan paccynoK OT mesa &I HeroaosaHnR, ywaa o nomwea~nr fieHb1 n a p k i c o ~M , nI)OAOnXHTb ( < ~ O M ~ I . I K I e C K k I MIlfeBOM )) Ammna, ~ 0 ~ 0 p bBdb1iIIle.U M 3 c e 6 nOTOMy, ~ YTO JMIIIkUICB n p e ~ ~ a ~ HY0 I(X fO iTkI)> E p k i c e m ~3 . ~ o6wa a H a Ara~eMlfoIia,')TOT 6e3yM~blfiTHeB, noCJryXkiJI,KCTaTkI, @ o ~ M ~ . ~ H~ oP #~ I ' I ~ I H CO O3A ~a~ HAB ~ ~ E I Y ~ cnoK o ~ 3Mb1, ~ I ~ B ~ C TYeJlOBeYeCTBy H O ~ ~ nOA Ha3BaHEleM ((M~rnana)). Aanee MOXHO BCnOMHkiTb, 0 ((HekiCTOBOM)), ~ ~ ~ Y M H PonaHae, O M Orlando
.mIIlkiT, BbIlleT, M)'YkITe.mHO tlCT0prHeT))) 6 0 rOCllO+Jb +JyUrO
BeKOBbIX coYk1He~k1fi0
furloso, TpOHJBIIIerOCR )MOM OT CTpaCTki K npeKpacH0fi RJbIYHEIue
A ~ x e m m en npemrpnHRsmero
B
ee
noklcKax
AaneKoe n onacHoe
nxme norysn~nB
TeX'h,
OnncaHmI nneHeHkiR B a c k i m ~ aKOHCT~HTHHO-
BAYa B . % B ~ ~ H T ~ ~ B c JIeTOnkiCM Ko~~ nOn
1238 r. (m6, @OW 542,
N 635, c. 302). MCKIWYHT~JI~HO BaTeH, pa3)MeeTCR, TOT @KT, YTO OnqJkipO~
BaHkie HMeHeM PEIMCKOrO 6 o m ~ a - c o 6 n a 3 ~ m e . m B , O ~ ~ ~ ~ T~~ ~J 0L 6I I-
BA, . V I O ~ O B H OCTpaCTki, ~~ BOXAe.rIeHkiR, nOXOTki, J'3WIMYPIBaeT BTORTH O C T ~~ H ~ K O M C TaBTopa B~ c n a ~ n ~ c ~~ki@onornefi oii n ylcpen.meT Moe npemonoxceaae o 3 ~ a ~ kMM i nnaTmcKoro. CpaBHli~eJIbH0 HenaBHO CeHTHMeHTamHO-repOklreCKp TpaK-
3.A. rpe6-
nyTeIIIeCTBkle K ((HeBePHbIMH; CP. TaKXe OnHCaHWe npe6blBaHkiB
T O B K ~3~01-oMema ((Cno~a)) mmanacb apryMeHmpoBam,
A c ~ o m @ Ha a
HeBal0' nj'TeM pa3Ae.mHOrO YTeHkiR l l 0 X O T n , HO COBCeh1 He nOTOMy,
IryHe,
r e
OH HaXOAkIT YMbI
m ~ e f iC, nHTkiBUlMX, no-
TepRBIIIkIX )M ((KT0 OT J U O ~ O C T ~ ~ K ~T C0 TOT ~ ~J U , O ~ O ~ ~ C T NKT0 R , OT
~ ~ o K o ~ ~ I c C T OwBR~ ~~M~~~H aBTOpa ~ HM ' . K ((CJIOB~)) U [ O T Pyc'rase~ m nncan 06 oxsaseHHoM crpacTbm renoseKe: ((noa p a 6 c ~ k oi m o 3BY¶HbI M "6e3yMeH" ki
"Bm6ne~"))(nep. r k ~ p e ~ kim ~ o B) nepe-
Bone 3a6onou~oro- ( ( H a s b ~ s a e r c aMEiAXHypoM y
apa60~ TOT
s m 6 n e ~ ~ bKT0 G , CTpeMkiTCR K COBepLUeHLTBY, KBK 6 e 3 y ~ e u kICCTyn-
r r o oHa yBnnena sAecb @nrypy((pa3nene~~01-o x3bnca~.OH^ kicxom a 213 6naropop~oroy 6 e x ~ e mY,TO MR3b Mropb AeHb ki HOYb ((nyMan06 oc~aanemofi cynpyre - Xorn -n n03TOMY He o 6 p a ~ m B H n M a m R Ha YnoBewee 3 a ~ ~ e m e )OTM~TEIM, ). YTO pasnemaoe weme no Xorn yme ~e pas npeaqaranocb nccnenosaTemMn ((Cnoaa)),n TO KocBeHHo y ~ a 3 b m a H e~ a rrpncyTmne akirypbr
ccpasneneHHoro
JIeHHbl#)). h e T k I M , KCTaTki KrM HeKCTaTM, nOPa3kiTeJIbHO M H O r O
Rsbrna))B TeKme ((Cno~a)). B n e p ~ b TaKoe ~e wewe, c omecemeM cno-
MeXJCy 06pa3aMk1TqJHIODXpaCCynOK OT .m6Pyc~ase-m~ n Opnawo y Apnomo (n y Eiafiqno), npo-
s a x o r ~K xeHe K H X ~ R M r o p ~npemom , M. M. C ~ e r q esaTeM ~, ero nomepxnaam H. C. T k i x o ~ p a ~n. o~ n., B x 3 e ~ c ~ n A. f i , MamI-
npH3HaKOB CXoAcrBa
BM Tapnem y
MeB, E. nHwEiG Ei Ap. Ho, KaK B W M , AenO 06mon-r COBCeM He TaK, KaK csuTaeT paxaeMarr kiccnenoBa~em~nua u ee npegmecTseHHnKW, am T O - ~ K O ...e m T O ~ K Oy M r o p ~He 6bmo ewe omofi X ~ ~ I ~ O ? , a, BepHee, ~(XOTII)), nonosramn, npkrreM ~ a x o m s r u e f i cB ~none, B CTaHe K o w a ~ a Bern . M O X H O 3aAaTbCH I.1 TaKkIM BOnpOCOM: e m 1 Mr0pb TaK CTpanaJI O T pa3.XJ'KEI C rOpHr0 J W ~ I . I M O ~~ ~P O C J I ~ B H O ~ ~ , KaKOrO '4epTa OH ~ o o 6 t u eIIOTaukiJICR B 3TOT ~ X O C ~ ~ C T~ HO ~XI ~O~ ~ ? M.m, UCfTWPYHC T p O K A M 3 n03MbI ((napnc Pi ~ H O H CnpOCHTb: ~ , Aa, 3nonony~tib1ii napec. sasehc T ~cIcynpyroii paccranca. Trrm~oerope HaBXeK. Ha ce6rr. Ha TpORHUeB, Ha r o p o ~ ? 6blJI TbI 6 e 3 y ~ e3a6b1n ~ , Tbl 0 C K O P ~ H OH ~~~) ' f l p ~cynpyre; fi name ~e6rr.K T 0 ee ocxop6kln. pa3.mo6nn kl IlOKliHyX, ~ 0 n b ~ l e . ~ ~ 6 OHa, l l J I aYeM CIISIHHe CBBT.TOrO CO.?HUa.
1
OreHb UiXeyCTpeMJIeHHO,((paCCblnaBrnRCbCTpeJIaMH no nOJW, n0Mrarna KpacHbIe nema nonoserpcue)). OH He ynymnn B O ~ M O X H O C T A llpOBeCTH OYeHb H a r W y I o C M b I C J I O B p W XYfiOXCCTBeHHJTOnapannem M e w uenrrMa m y x noxonoB ~ e C Kw~ ~ I Tqemm O ~ ~ noxoa a Mropa (ccco6na3~b1 A o ~ Benmoro))) a 1.1n e ~ n a p a ~ n a ~uemm ofi noxona axefic~nx~ y n e f iTO Tporr BaM o m a , Korna 6b1 He Ene~a ...))) - repes neMoHcTpaumo noBeneHm (cxpa6pbrx pycnreii'~,), Pi30 ~ P ~ X ~ H HB ~K I~ PXT I I H H O ~ CUeHe ~ ((nOXU4eHIISI KPaCHbIX AeBOK nonoaewnx)). O n u c a ~ k T ~ ep o a e e ~c(xpa6pblx pyc~.~seG)), B KoTopbIe B;YOWTM,HapqM CAparHMH aKCaMHTaMn 11y3OpOrbeM ~OlrOBe~kIM, KaK ~ a a 6 o n e eUeHHaH no6b1ra (cKpaCHbIe neBKki nonoBewne)), BbInoJIHeH0, o m a r o , c npeBne.lemIeM 6s6neiic~ofin e ~ c m ne apa3eonorklrr TeKcra n3 Mcafi1.1,rne ~ O B O P ~ I T C Ro ~ a ~ a 3 a ~ n 1 rpe.uI, 1 3 a o TaK H ~ ~ ~ I B ~ ((OroneHnn, ~ M O M .mrtue~nny ~ p a r u e ~ nni o i a e m ) npeKpacH ~ I XHO, repecryp B O ~ ~ O ~ ~ B ~ ~ neB I I X cnoscrcnx. C I I Ha TOT napa$pa3 6 ~ 6 n e G c ~ oMomma ro pasbtaan ewe B. H. llepmu. YXe CKa3aHHOrO nOCTaTO¶HO, w06b1npOBeCTkI OnpeAeJIeHHyIo xynoxecTseHHp PI p e a - m ~ o - n c ~ o p n s enapa.nve.m c~p M e w npnrmaMn, 4 e m n II 3 a n a s a ~ T n ~ O R H C Knoxona O ~ O 1.1noxona Mroprr. M36n~axRCTkIHa ( ( E r n XeHIlIMH)9)OKa3XrlaCb I.1 Ela 3TOTpa3 np0AJ'KT N B H O6pocamna ~~. B ma3a -ramie, MoxeT 6bm, ~ O P M X ~ IHO ~ He m ~ aI ~ , mi c n y ~ a f i ~ aaanornn: b~e 06a noxona B O ~ ~ . ~ I ~ B m . ~aO6Tp a ~ a -A ~ ~ M ~RHMe~enafi, OH COOTBeTCTBeHHO - Mr0pb k t Bce~onon,o6a 6 p a ~ miTaIOT a Apyr K Apyry T . Y ~ O K llpIIBH3aHHOCTb: ~ A~~M~MHO HasbIsaeT Me~renarr((M~~mrii MOR6 p a...~ Bo3.rn6ne~mG6paTMofi!)>; Bce~ononTOBOpkIT M ~ O P I O(nm1 H ~ O ~ O ~0Atiti.b O T ) :6p47-a1OAtiHa c~'k7-aC K ' ~ T A Thl, ~ ~Nropm U ( B ~ ~ H ~..., H'l'blT :N~OPHI), 06a n0XOna HanpaBneHbl K 601'aToMy n p m o p c ~ o ropopy, ~y 06a npemom1Te.w ( A ~ ~ M ~ MPi HMropb) O H PaHeHbI B p p y , npEi BbICTynneHkIH B n0XOn npOIlCXOIUIT 6 0 x e c ~ ~ e ~3HaMeHHH, ~bre 06a n0XOna 3aBepUaIoTCH Y B 0 3 0 M XeHI4IHbt k i B03BpaweHIleM repOeB A O M O ~ ~0. 3HaKOMCTBe aBTopa c ctOmccee%) roBopm TaKmeTo, ¶TO Ha sasepruamue~sTane nOBeCTBOBaHH5I B ((CJIOB~)) nPPIBOmTCII ~HnKa.TlhHbIfiAJIH Bcefi ~ Z ~ ~ B H T Y C C KHMCbMeHHOCTn O~~ manor genoBeKa C pe~ofi,KHR3R MroPRc A O H ~ O xMa, p a n e p m n neKcnrecKmn AeTanrrMa w o6uefi KOM~ ~ J I ~ I M ~ H TT~OPH H ~ JOI ~~H~O C T ~ O I OW H b ll0~0XWfiHa m a n o r O ~ C C ~ X c p e ~ o fHa i ocrpoBe a e a ~ ocnacruefi ~, 6exasruero n3 meHa y K n p ~ n UapR MTW; Y Bep~ O X O X H M P KOMruIuMemaMW i O~M~HMB~I~TCH 3 ~ e fni Tn6pm, ~ O X ~ C TomeTBopmowee BO, Te6p, 06euammfi T ~ O H H C K O M Y6erneuy BcrrrecKp n o m e p m y n G n a r o ~ o n e ~ nC e:~ M -
~ n o mMOWX 6epero~no peKe noseny R... H a ~ o a e rB~ ((Cnose)) , ~03Hmaer c n e m + m e c ~ drrpkicyrcr~prrudi , T O ~ K O B c(Ojpiccee)> MOTUB ccpacc-rpena xemxos*. 0 6 0 ~ 06ECIiCR 0 ~ C M M ~~A * yxe 6e3 BCHKkiX C O M H ~ H H nepe~~ n n a m a c ~ o isnmki i MOnaer ~ p a n p u n o ~ ~ b r i Ape~~erpewx~oFi i TkiB ((OKYTbIBIHkiR r e p O R TeMHbIM o ~ ~ ~ K o Mer0 ) ) , MC9e3HOBeHkIR 14 IIORBJIeHEIA B COBePLIleHHO ApyTOM, n0p0G 09eHb AaJIeKOM MeCTe.
Ane~ceiiIO~OB, TaK ropxro o ~ c ~ a m a s r u eci~i o irrpuopki~m i B nepeBone Ha3BBHHOTO o 6 o p o ~ a- c t o 6 ~ ~CEIHee n o6na~o)),((nOBkiC Ha ClIHeM o 6 n a ~ e )--MOT ) 6b1YCnOKOHTbCR: C n O P H3-3a ITPIIOpkiTeTa He kiMeeT CMbICJIa, nOCKOJIbKy B nepeBOAAOnXeH BblrJurAeTbCOBCeM no-
oma, a cepki~cco6rw,),ki3 KOTOP~IX nepBaR -o6ma 3pI24b1,601n~ki n o c ~ o m ~ ocnymmiub1 ii 6ora B O ~ ~ H LApex I (ee PUMCK& aHanor -- A n c ~ o p ~ m c n~y, r ~ k ~ yxe r ~ a y n o ~ m y ~ oEenii noab~),~ o ~ o He p npkirnacmm p Ha csam6y 0 e ~ w b ki 1 llenea. ~ P O C M B( ( ~ 6 ~pa3AOpa>>, 0 ~ 0 %ma BbI3Bana 06~151(c3I74,UOAepXaBH O ~ ~AI$BH~I H (He BOkiHCTBeHHaR JIM A a m a HJl?IMCTkiTeJJbHaR ((mapaR AeBaH 3 p ~ CKPbIBaflCR, a XOTR 6b1 OTWiCTki, nOA kiMeHeM AeBb1 B ( ( C ~ O B~ KaK > ) pa3 OAHa 1.13HMX, a COBCeM yX H e E n e ~ aHa3bIBae, M a R HeKOTOPbIMH aHTki9HbIMki (qBb1ii ki3 HkiX - CT~CZ.IXO~) I.1 60nee IIO'I.I@TkiM&I aBTOpaMki 6e3 O ~ ~ ~ H X K (O( B ~ o T ~ c K Y x ((nRTkiJIOXo~~)), H m e h , kiMeCC q a B 0 kiMeHOBaTbCX Ae~ofi, n@p 8 6 ~ 60 ) HllapCTBeHpa3nopa, cecrpaI ki
n p y T O M y - ((0K)TanCRCkiHkiM, TeMHbIM O ~ I I ~ K O M ) )k,i ((rrpkiOpI.ITeT))B
H ~ f repb1, i IIOCKOllbKy R ~ . ~ I O K CO HaAmEICbH) ((IIpeKpil~He$iUIeG))
yno~pe6.r1e~n1.1 caMoro sToro o 6 o p o ~ n a
nocy.mlBruefi E u e ~ yne6enp~b1e . KPhIJIbR,((BOCIIIIeCKaBIIIkIeH a CkiHeM Mope)), p a 3 y ~ e e ~ 0 1T,a H p c-r~eay~owym ameropki9ecKym accomamno: E n e ~ apominacb , 113n e 6 e m o r o m a , cHaeHHoro nenoii nocne TOTO, K a K ee HaBeCTkIn 3eBc B o6pase ne6em. O.IIJfaK0E n e ~ T aomKO y Espnnmua, K a K OTMeTkIn n. n. B R ~ ~ M C K IIMeeT U ~ ~onpe17e~re11kle , ccue6ene~pb1na~ax)), ( ( ~ ~ ~ ~ , Z @ ~ H O I C ~ ~ I . Hki TI~A R ) () p . k ~ ~HH a , 3puna HAKorAa H e a306pama1o~csc ~ p b ~ r ~ b mnono6ao ki, 6oruae no6emr Hmce, XOTR A(PkiHa a m e e r B prrny C B O ~ I XsrnrTeToB onpenenemie ( ( ~ o ~ ~ A o F I o ~ Hl l~pxo)~) ,a x o ca, H a cTxrye 0 k m n oHa A ~ ~ X P BI T pyKaXKpblnaTyM Hme. OmlaKO B TeKCTe ((CJIOB~B JIeKCkIKa ?Tor0 nna-
p a ~ a ~ r~o ~e em p yA(b1.1~: ~
Om~ccee3 a 6 o ~ ~ cBb~,Y C T O Mero 0611aKeCqbIna; Aanoh.(HH), TO mo6paxeme nonoworo m s B ctC.r~osa)m c m w o c 6 m a m c x C 06pa70~ OmrcceR. Mcse3~0Be~kie B ~enpo~kiuaehfofi &Wl JIIOACKkiX e s o p o ~Mrne, oqmmamre EMH~IM 06na~oht&I~ I I H O B W ~ I C ~nepeHoc R p O R B myroe MeCTO - 06b1r~b1k ~ I T ~ ~ ~ T IlpkieM, J T I IIIkipOKO I ~ I ~ ~ ucnoJIh7yeMoe cco6wee MecTon B ~ H T H ~ H OA# I Z . I ( P O ~ 1 O.1no33kiZ.I: ~I~~ Ha, 06
...
Ho K l l n p 1 1 n a ero ( n a p l l c a ) OT o~refi:KaK ~ O ~ I I H H , B A p y r n o x l l q a e T 11, o 6 ~ r a ~ ~o euh l H b l h 1n o ~ p b l B U I 1 1 .. m 6 1 1 h t q a B r r o r n ~ ~ ~BBOAIIT, qy B L l e p T o r , 6 n a r o ~ o ~ l Cl JaI ~ J I K O ~ O~ O J I H ~ I G . knuada, III: 380-381
Bepr~~nk~ii TaKxe
06pa1uae~csK
TO MY
Tonocy B
ct3~e*me))
(I: 41 1-41 3): BO~AYXOM TeMHblM T O r P O K p y X H X a B e ~ e p a IlAyI4HX, 0 6 n a ~ n!IoTHblfi a n O K p O B B K p y r H H X CryCfXlna ~ O ~ ~ I H H , q ~ 0 HH 6 OAllH qe!IOBeK HI1 Y B I I A a b : HI1 TpOHYTb H e MOT IIR...
C O ~ ~ I TTPORHCKOC~ UR B0fiHb1, B IIIefi Mepe,
O C ~ ~ ~ OTMO~ P~O~ ki, M
no MeHb-
HeCKO.rIbKkiMZ.1 AeCRTKaMZ.1 aHTgI9HbIX A CpeaIeBeKOBbIX
aBTOpOB, OCTaBkilIkI ~ a K 0 fL i rIeA B K Y J I ~ T Y P IH .1Z OI~C~T O P I . I ~ na~CKO~~
M O ~ O A OnapkIC, ~ ~ eCTeCTBeHf10, npkICy.@IJIA+pomITe,
ebIy B XeHbI
Ha llpI.ICYTCTBYC?T
-
TOBOPkITCR, nPki9eM B COBPeiMeHHOM 3HaZIeHkik1,
o no6ene ccnoraHbIx)): A noratitin ex E C * c~ r p a m npnxoxqjaw ex ll06%&IMtl Ha 3eMnHI Pyc~ytO.BOSMOXHO,n e 6 e w b 1 e KpbIJIbRAeBb1
B03HkM.rIEi B TeKCTe ((CJIOB~)) KaK YilCTkI9HOe nPORBXeHkie TOnOCa npyroii, O T . ~ ~ H O OT Z ~B H T ~ I ~ H ~ O ~p ~e, ~ ~ ~ e r e p ~ nos~kisecrtofi a~c~oii TpamIrJIIM-,K a K KOHTaMkiHaI@lAo6pasa rpeZ1ecKOfikisM J I ~ T ~ I H C K O ~ ~ O I X H N p a 3 ~ o p aH-mI no6em1 C 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ CK~HJJ~H~ BaJIbKkiBCKO~~ paki c n e 6 e , ~ @ i ~ b~pbrmm1.1. 1~k1 C m p e ~ m e c ~ k XapaKTep iii no3~mcki ((Cnosa o n 0 . V Mropese~no-me C O O T B ~ T C T B ~ ~ero T ne~cki~ec~ofi ki o6pa3~oti no.wceMm1 a coc-rasmmO C H O R I I ~ I~~p y w o c r bnpki aHa-
mu senoseqecTsa, TO ~no-me ~ 0 r y - rC J I Y T~O W ~ O ~ oTcqeTa B 0 6 0 6 ~ 1 1 e ~ ~ 1 o o r n sme ca ~n oe ~ BpeMem, ~ o ~ o p on o i im 3 y e r c ~a m o p a r n r ~ a u ~ s a unepkionoB c~i xecTomx BO#H, cpaxemii, rrpwIeM BOBH JIH3e I I O ~ T E M ~CeMWOTIIKkI C K O ~ ~ er0 TeKCTa. He BCXKIIX, a TeX, B Z.ICTOKaXKOTOPbIX CTOkiT HeKaR ~ ~ o H I . I ~ H I & I P o ~oXnweHm1eEne~b1 BbI7BaJIO BnOJIHe n0HRTHp O ~ ~ I A k JiJrHeB BaHHaR 06ma. 0 TOM, ¶TOaBTOP (,o c T a B . m B~O ~ M O X H O C T ~sb160pa T O ~ K OM e w r y M e H e e a.m 6onee B ~ O X T -
HOMOPbe, B
H a A O OTOXAeCTBJMTb C BOkiHCKPiMki C O e ~ e t I P i R M k iZ L m BOeHHbIMH C O p a T H H K a M H KHR3R YaMH,
a
M ~ O P Her0 , pOAcIseHHkncaMll,
T.
e. C O J I ~ I ~ T O B P I -
( ( B C T y M e H H e H a 3 e M W TpoXHIO)) H H T e p n P e T H p O B a T b K a K
BTOpXeHHe O J I b ~ b r o B ~ n H e ka TeppI4TOpM30, BXOmIJQTO B K)pHCJ@iKI@ilO
246
B.A.
r e p ~ e ~ e ~Aax,m6ora m a rpe3sb1yaii~oo c n o x H g e T c s npeKOHTeKCTOB, B KOTOPbIX O H YnOMIIHaeTCR.
B n o m a a m ( ( 6 o x e m e ~ ~ b 1 @YHK@ x)) A a w 6 o r a , ero npnpom~n ~ ~ m o n o meron n M e m cpemi c n e u n a m I c T o B no ((Cno~y)) cyW e C T B y e T T a K a R Xe p a 3 H O r O n O C k i ~ aM H ~ H H II T~p~a K T O B O K . T O El n0 nOB0,IQl Tpoatin, XOTR M H O r H e Pi3 H H X C X O m T C B B T O M , 'IT0 3T0 C n a BIIHCK& R3bIYecK&
:. '
I
HbIMn n p e m t o n o x e H n m k i .
neJIb~0fi JIaKOHkiwOCTbH,
1
60r C O J I H U ~ ~~ ~ P~ .BC& H
HeXeJIaTeJIbHOCTH 3 H a -
YATeJIbHblX o T K J I o H ~ O HT~n p R M O r O pa3BHTAR ~ ~ R B J I ~TeMbI H H o ~ ~
npo6ne~y A a w 6 o r a , Tecfio C B H ~ ~ BH repMeHeBTme H ~ ((Cnosa~ c qo6neMOF~((TPoHHA)), XOTH 661noToMy, rTo no HCXO~ZHOMYMecTononomenpmeTcH BCe-TaKH nOTpaTHTb HeKOTOpOe BpeMH H a
HHIO ((BHYKOB A a w 6 0 1 - a ) ) hfOXCH0 nOnbITaTbCH JIOKalM30BaTb I1 MecTononoxekItIe ( ( 3 e ~ . m TPOHHH)). n o ~ p a t i ~ eMepe, f i ~3 TeKcTa no
n p a M o ~ yC ~ I ~ I C .cneAyeT, ~I~ YTO nep~oaara-maoe MecTononoxeHne ((BHYKOB A CKJI Aa-601-a))
PaCCMaTpHBaeTCR K a K BHelJIHee lT0 OT-
HOIIIeHkw K ((3eMJIe TPOIHCIH.
noB
C Be~pOHTHOCTA, ~ O J I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , nqIeYUcJIeHMfi IHC~BO H3bIseCKkIX
CJIaBHHCKEISkl npyrkIX nJIeMeHHbIS 601-0~B JlJleBHepyCCKkIX mICbMeHHbIX WCTOqHEIKaX BOCXOmT K nPABeneHHOMY B ~OBCCTEI BpeMeHHbIS n e naHTeoHy ~ Bnamrkiup:
6oroa, KyMUpbI KOTopbIS YCTaHOBWI B Kueee B 980 r.
M tiava Ktiamnrn g o ~ o A n ~ e p 13% . a K n e e t €Anti%, t~ no-
craen qMnpu tia XOAMV e d Aeopa repemtiaro. nepyria ~ e p e s r i t ... ~a n X.apca Aamasora. H (=rpusora n G n ~ a p a r ~na M . o ~ o w aBeporr~. IIOCTb CY~WTBOBaHAHY mXHLIS CJIaBHH EIlllI W Y r O r O HaCeiIeHZIH
Eo.rrrapE.1c1,(Ppa~kIkI,Ma~enoHukiKyJIbTa A a m 6 0 1 - a B E I ~ B ~ C T H O ~ ~ e p nomepmamcx e TeKaoM npe~1re60.xrapc~oro nepeBona BasaHT H ~ ~ C KXPOHEIKEI O ~ ~ M O ~ HM H a~ n a r n ~(cep. VI B.). nepeBofl6bI.i1BbIno.meH npecsrrTepoM r p u r o p ~ enpM ~ uaye C H M ~ O (893-927). H~ O m a ~ BO o BpeMeHa E ~ J H Au neelITe.mHocTH Bnamr~upaI CBXTOCnaama B ero ananemw HH E o ~ ~ l . a p em u ~ Ma~enofmR, , HA ~ ~ H H O H A R He axommr, soTa B 992 r. oIr xom.'IHa X O ~ B ~ T O~oji130ti. B CnenosaTe.mHO, MOEHO jJJ'hIaTb, YTO KaKOe-TO BOCTOVHOC.WlBHHCKOe nnehlR TaKXe nOKIlOHHJIOCb A a w 6 o r y , eC.Wi TO--KO
OH H e IIOnaJI B TeKCT
n0BtXXli BpeMeHkIbIS JItT E.13XPOHIM~I M aIIar1b1nPOCTO K a K UeHTOH-
Hoe BKJIIOYeHUe, K8K
EIMH H3bI9GCKOrO
6ora, ynOMHHyTOr0 PaHee
B
nUCbMeHHOM ACTOPAOQ~()HY~CKOM WCTOLIHHKe, 6e3 B C I I X O ~COOTHCCeHHoCrA HOCTbH).
c p e a r n ~ ~ oni in e ~ e ~ ~umr o f iperrtoaarn~otin p u a a a q e x -
AJIIIno~a.m3aun11,llpABH7KE.I Aa-601-a
K K~KOMJ'-.'TI)ZO'. 3 a ~ e ~ n YTO OLMZIM w ~ ~ I Z I ~ ~3 T e ~OcBIIBM~TCR a hiono~. B nnaae C ~ ~ X ~ H E~ LC IB IC re-mloca-Comua ~ , EI A ~ O . M OnpenH~ CTaBJLSIOT H ~ C O M H ~ H HIlHTepeC ~ I ~ ~ npElbIeYaHElR A. @. n0ceBa K nnaTOHOBCKOMY AHaJIOry < < ~ o c ~ A ~ ~ CBTKOTOPbIX B O > > , OH YKa3bIBaLT, Y T O y n n a ~ o comue ~a BbIcTynaeT KaK sbrcrnero 6nara, C W M B O . ~ seem nblpaxamqasce B o6pase Co-mua, ((me onapmurero, namq e r 0 YeJIOBeKy B03MOXHOCTb BEIAeHMR MZPa, HO BMeCTe C TeM OCJIenmeJtbHo Henocrymoro. MneR Comua KaK sblcurero 6nara 6bma rpes~blraiiaocnMnToMamma am KaHyHa W I J ~ H ~ ~ Mn~o>c>e. ~ OTMesam, YTO ttTaKym nepBocTeneHHym ponb C o n ~ u enonywno He cpa3y. B r p a ~ l l ~ ~ ~reHeanornH o ~ ~ o f irecnona Tex n Y p a pomna~ IOT (cpem ~zpymx cBonx neTe%)mTaHoB l - m e p n o ~ an @ e h (TeoTOHklll, 132-1 35), KOTOPbIe, " C O Y ~ ~ BB . m ~ 6 C ~~n "POXAaIOT , Con~ue-Temoca,Ce.rle~y-ny~y a 3oc-3ap10 (37 1-374). Mn+onomrecK& ~ U H O C y AOCOlCpaTHlCOB OTOX~~CTBJIUJICH C ~ ~ B C O (@epe~ll& M A 9), ~ ~ @ C T O M Anonnono# , H OIHeM (@eareH 2), WRMO WMeHYRCb yO ~ @ ~ ~ O ~BJ I H o c o M - O ~ (IHB~2MDiels). 0 6 1 , e m e n ~ eComua-Twoca c @e6o~-~OJIJIOHOM, semm opram3pnJHM Ei o Q o p ~ m q HaYaJIOM, n~ C ~ O C O ~ C T B O BF~e~nO-
C-raBnem o C o m e ~ yam~e p c m ~ o f~i u p o ~ ocme2'! fi T .O o6w @~oco@c~~-p~T JYeHWlO U ~ 3 ~C O b~ J EeU ~ ~0KBepXOBHOM ~K Gore, mHeHrxe, Havasmeecg ewe B noKnacckIYecKp snoxy, npeBpaTnmocb ~PMMO BOnJIOweHUU M ~ce06wero6nara U ClTpaBe.QjlHBOCTU(KCEM% B npmoe oTox,uecTsneHHe B m l ~ e p a ~ y p n e@mocoQm ~ J U I U H U ~ TenAo H KPACHO ecn). B TOM nocnemeM KaYecTse K Y . ~ T Comlua ~ a ) )C ~o m ~ e~EI.A n o m o ~nkImeT , nocea, O T O X A ~ C T B ~ T C XANOHaKnaALIBaNCR Ha I'Ip0naraH.Q' 6narocm klMnepaT0p~K0~ BJIaCTl1, HRCII~MT a m a p ~ a c c m n l l y r a p x o ~K, O T O ~Amam ~ G nommcy @uKyrnTa MMlT~aTOpOB.KOTOPbIe B IIllTepaType H B ApyrUX 06nacmx noco@cxoro oc~brcne~wr n p a m m a (GIcTeremirr)),ccpamiam)), o 6 % e HCKyCCTBa HepeAKO mo6paxa.rn1cb B COJIHeYHbIX H H M ~ HOCtlJIkI ~X, mlHmqero Ano.moHa A Co,mue, 3 a ~ n a m 1 T~eM a ~C ~ M ~ I OMC H O B ~ I 3naTeTbI ((~Be~nbIfi)), ct6~~cra1wn,rfifi),caleno6emb1iii>.6 o x m o HeOI'IJIaTOHU=IeCKUXnpenc~asne~ufi l l p o ~ n aA~anoxa,l l n o ~ u~ ~ a C TaKLiM Xe EIMCHW Corn IIhIeeTCII B C K ~ H . ~ ~ & I H ~ BMCM KO A~~~O ~ O I I I ' I ~ C I I c e ~ ~ o - ~ ~A~poe or n~a ur ~c~~3m a .~ w e u n o n p m 1 HoBoe pa3suK O CkiCTeMe. ~ OH0 ~ ~ C O H U @ ~ I L @ ~ ~ O B ~BHo6pase O X e H m b I , HMLXOI u~eiicecTpy Mami (Mecrru). Corn nopaepramx, cornacHo ((Mnamueii THe B B W ~ ~ H T U ~ ~ C K~OOM~ O C J I O( B ~ ~ A I~A O,C O ~ El HmTepaType ~ I XI), co C T O P O H ~ I O ~ P O ~ I H ~BOJMOB, IX om1H XI1 BB. B TBOpYKTBe MoaHHa Masponona, E B C ~ ~ ~ THI~. L. ~I Ie i i c ~ o r o , 3 ~ 4 e > npecneAosaHum 1 YMWIO 6ana~ck1po~a~mero Ha rpaHu O ~ B U H ~ H UBXepeclr Mlrxauna ~3 K O T O P ~ I X nepea w6e.mro mipa nonxeH norFran u npornoTHTb Corn-Come. llcenna, npenaHHoro a a a @ e ~ccepmma)) e kioa~wdMTa.ma 1.1n p y r ~ x 6onee no3mHx B U ~ ~ H T U ~ ~ C Knpe~c~askr~enefi IIX s ~ o r HaWaBneHkM. o T ~ n o n o r u r e c w l1.1~ B o n p e n e n e ~ ~ oct il e n e ~reHmvecKkIM ~ npOTOTk1nOM pHMCKOr0 ~ O X ~ C TCOJJHUa B ~ BbICTynaeT Q ~ V ~ C K H I ? P n ~ c ~aHanor ~ i i 3e~ca,~ ~ M o . ~ M ~ I ~ HK)n~nep, o c H ~ I ~ Ha~ apsau~ ~ rem~oc,~ p e ~ ~ e f i r r~r eo eo m i ~ n u i i c ~ O o eX ~ C TCBOHM B O , C B ~ O Mu recmlx cTaDIax CBoero Ky.mTa sbrclynam KaK 60r ~ a r ~ r e c ~uapofi TennoM Aappluee X U ~ H M ~~a ~ a 3 b 1 ~ a m c.neno~ofi wee ~apymmeneii C K O BJIaCTtI ~ ~ k1 OAHOBPeMelIHO B ~ Y H K U H M WXa ZepeBbeB, B TOhl YkICMlipoBoro noprriata u 6narorec~1.1~. A. A. Taxo-Tom ntimm o TOM JIe ay6a El CMOKOBHRUbI; OH nOKpOBI.1Te.rIb kI 'laI4lITEIZM 3eMIIeAf2.WIR C COOTB~CT~~U~UM ~ I ~. I A T ~ ~~( ~M~ XEO A I O H O C HA~ (I (~3~ e) )~ ~ e ~ e . ~ e u ) ) . 6ore cxemrqee: ((Haxomcb B ~ I C O K OB ~ e 6 e Tem~oc , BamIT Aena 6 o r 0 ~1.1 m o ~ e f i ,qarue Bcero nypabre. r e m ~ o c a" ~ c e ~ u m w e r o " O ~ I ~ yxe K OB camiYecKMx rmHax ero HarlbrsamTn m u m ~ e h(Cse~ (Aeschil. Prom. 9 1) npH3bIBamT B C B W e T C a I kI MCTHTeJru (Soph. El. TOHO CH~UI). B ocnenrrTernHoM cBme a ck1rn1111.1, c TOB ~ A O I I A M H O %JIaTHHCKOM I rHMHe ((XBaXa COJD1UY)) U 3 TaK Ha- ; 824). Te.moc a 3 0 6 p a x a m c ~ pIII4UMU CTpaIUHblMtI ma3aMU, B 30nOTOM IIIJIeMe, Ha 30n0~0fiK O sbrsaeMoro C a . m a 3 a e ~ c ~ o rc6opakma, o cocTaBneHHoro B Harane necHtIqe (Him. Horn. XXXI, 9-1 4). Tem~ocmeM MY~ITCIIno ~ e 6 Ha y Vl B. H. 3. B AQpme, npkI mope BaAa.mCKUX Koponefi, rOBOpkITCR: C o n ~ ue n1t6ep,C o n ~ u e LI.epepa, C o n ~ s e IOnn~ep. Corr~ue- Tpn~trri6pa.r... C o n ~ s eMllpa , 11 ~ e 6 Kpaca. a &mR Bcex T ~ ealiHO I ..
llo-miee, He 6e3 rpevecKoro B . ~ I I H Z I I I ,K)nmep npeBpawamcx oTua 601-OB1.1 monefi, 6ora B O ~ ~ H1.1 ~no6em1, I sawmHtma u a o c ~ ~ ce nmp a s e m a o m n . Bo BpeMeHa uMnepuu OH CTaHOBk~CIInaTpOHOM HMnepaTOpOB,'IT0 C ~ O C O ~ C T B OPaCnPOB~~O CTpaHeHllro er0 KyJIbTa Ha PUhf CKUe llpOBkIHlJ.EiU,OTOXJteCTB~eHk~ ero C MeCTHbIMU BepXOBHblMH 6 0 r a ~ UB CkipUU, Manoii A3k11.1U B npEFIepHOMOpCKUX BnaAeHkHX P H M ~B. P U ~ ~ C K(OC~~~~ I I H CMUKO~~) @onormi~ o x m 6b1~bOTMeveH u n p a ~ o f m i o r m ~ mapxauvecKoro rperecKoro Temioca -60r Corn, poAoHasarnHm C ~ ~ H HnovnIIH, ~aBlUEificIIA0 BTOpOrO BeKa A 0 P. X. KaK Comfi~eM y ~ r Benape ~ C AyHofi. BO BPeMeHa kIMnepUH Corn CTBHOBUTCII 0U 3 BePXOBHbIX ~ O ~ O BB o6pase , U CTaTyCe KOTOpOrO COBMeI4aJEiCb pa3JIkrWbIe B B ~ ~ X O B H O T 6ora, O
eHunaqm n o r 0 KwxecKoro poaa, ero n p o m o m o m e B a B m PyCCwlX KHX3efi HaYlIHaIOTCII C UMeHU C B I I T O C ~ ~ B ~
06 ~ K T H B H Ow~ ~emefi, ~ n p o m o c m ~ e c ~ o@~HKWIW ii Co.wa,
B o6pane A n o m o ~ a omoro ,
143 r
n a ~ ~ e h no nxn ~ n n f i c ~ n x ~ O X ~ C T Bc ,o e w m T c a K a K p p e ~ ~ e t i i apxamecme, k~e xTomirecKae qepTbI ~ a n o a s n f i c ~ o norperecKoro ro nepwona @ o p ~ n p o ~ a ~ero wrr KyJbTa, TaK W 6onee no3mwe, (GCyJIbTypHbIe)),KOTOPbIe OH npk106pen H a maws @ o p ~ n p o ~ a ~~nwa ac c n r e c ~ oo#m ~ ~ n w i i c ~ permon rkIkI. apXaEIW?CKOrO A n o m o ~ aXapaKTepHbI HeKOTOpbIe 300M O P @ H ~ Inpn311a~1.1, ~ OH o ~ o m e c ~ ~ m t c x cM a~ I L I J ~I I~C, T P ~ ~ O M , n e 6 e a e ~ BOJIKOM , Pi ~ ~ J I ~ @ W (H cB OXM I I I ~ H H ~XABOTHbIe I~ Anon~oHa), oTcmna ero nposBnma ctC~n~@eii)) - ((M~ILIIHHLI~~)), ((.JIkmeiiCK&) -((Bomdi))(cp. npeBpameHna E O R HB ~~ b ~ c - m - ~ bBo.ma, ~cb, opna). t h . u ~ o n o r s aero wMeHw HeacHa; npepnonaraeTca, TO OHO WMeeT OTHOIUeHEle K A B q R M , TOPOACKHM BpaTaM, 0 6 e c n e r m a m ~ 1 . 1 ~ 6e30nac~ocra xkmma w senoBeKa, urcmna ero nponswme ((Tmpaiioc)) - ((Asep~oii)), ((0xpa~n~e.m)). n o Mepe pansmwx o m n w i i -
o r e m TOYHO
OTBesaeT ammHbnt cymemm o
TO
C o - w e K a K 06 opra-
HM3)TOmeii ki B J M I I H )Ha I ~BCe ~ ~6 b 1 ~ ~Hea ,kICTOpIW seJIOBeqeCTBa,
Hmorna H e ouru6ammefica, H e y~nor-~roomeiica co cBoero n o COCTOIIHZW W ((n0BeneHI.W))COJIH~I, YTBepXnaeT Bcprk1-mifiB ((reoprHKax))(~~. 1, C. 441 -447), MoXHo ~ ~ - I O I I I W ~ O ' I H O c y m ~H ~ebT O ~ K O o norone, 110 a o rpa~ymk~x, npexae Bcero ~park1WCKWX, HeC9aCT.iMBblXco6brraax B kICTOPI.II.1W B cym6e BbL4aIoWXca ~ e a ~ e n emf oi r n : ~ o r y q e in i
nyTM ClIJle.
COflHue0 BCeM ~ e 6 rlsnecrrrr. n KTOCOnHue n0cMe.q 6b1 n ~ k l B b l h 4HasBaTb? 0 rJlyXllX MXTGXaX, 0 KO3I1RX HC7PIIMblX n p e ~ y I l p e ~ a OHO, t T O T ~ ~ ~ KHOaM 6 y x a m q ~ xB O ~ ~ H ~ X . B rac, Korna Uesapb yrac, noxaneno 11consue o P n ~ e : ~ I I JIyre3apHblii K OH0 T ~ M H O T O 6arposemqeii ~~ CKpblnO. Horrr HaBe~IiOfiTOr,Qa YCTpaIIIklJICR M M p H e ~ e ~ ~ k I ~ b l f i .
Beprmra B coewaeann c p p y r w ~ napa.r~me.rll[~~~ k~ 1 ((re0prkIK))BOCllpWHHMaIoTCX K a K HeKMfi HHBapWaHT MOTklBil
~ T CTPOKW W
CKO# PeJIWrkiW KYJIbT A n 0 - ~ I o H BblTeCHWI ~ KYnbT reJIW0ca Pi BO
n o ~ m IIpeBpaTkInCH o~ B 6ora C 0 . w a W IIpcIo6pen npo3snme ((Qe6))- ((Cse~rnrii)), ((~JMCT~H)LZIA#)), ((fly~e3apHblfi)). TOT C B ~ T O H O600 C Hnnp3bIBaeTCH ~I~~ TaKXe ((cpe6po.r1y~n~)),
B KH.
(aa.rIbHepa3RWM)), qT0 Ol-paXatx er0 qepTbI BOUTe.rll[, TI)03HOTO
TbMOW))BCeXBOkIHOR
q e m a 113 JryKa, npk1qeh.r mrysne comelIsbIe lryrn n p e n c T a s m T c a K a K ero ~ O J O T ~pIa~s m n e c q e m (cp. Ge+rr\oe n rpece+rr\oe
6pb1e 3HaKII. YMCCTHO, MOXeT 6b1~b, I.1cJIema nOIlpOIiW3klpOBaTb Flaa
MHOrOM CJIkiJICR C HWM. A
Go~tiqe!Y e ~ y rocnoAntie, , npocrpe ropmww CEOW r \ p w HA AQ+ Eon?).A n o . m o ~IIpkIHkIMaeT ylIaCTWe B T P O X H C K BO O#~H~~Ha CTOPOH e ~ p o m u e eero , sonoTbIe .qw-cTpe.rIbl aeBxTb mefi IlecyT B narepb
asefiue~r y ~ y y, 6 1 . 1 ~ a mXWBOTIlbIX ~ EI mnefi. OH HanpaBnaeT c-rpe.? napnca, KoTopaa nopamatx A . u m a . C o r n a c ~ or o ~ e p y , A ~ O ~ oOc oH6 e ~ ~noswTanca o B Tpoane u m e n CBOW cBaTnmrma B Xpkice, TeHenoce w Kn-me. Qe6-anon no^ B KnaccklsecKoM npeflCTaBJIeHPIH BbICTynaeT K a K llpe.I@OmTeJE My3, nOKpOBEiTeJE WC-
0 COJIHesHOhI 3HaMeHWW B ((CJIOB~)), K O r A a ( ( C B W O e CO.VHue)) CBO#
((JIEIK .!~~e-IapHbIfi T ~ M H O T O6arposemmeti ~~ CKpbIJIO))W (, ((CTEp))C xapaKTepEi0fi 3Ha'la~efi~0hl6~HaqElefi CO-
1.1 OKpeCTHOCTXX K r l e ~ aB CBOH) COnOCTaBkITeJLbFI~IO ~a6m1uyY)%lWIX
r.UaCHbIX C-T-p.
n a m e ~ ~ 1n F isnoa ~ K T I . I B I I ~ #c o m e s ~ o ini e a ~ e . m ~ o c ~OXB n ~BTMB'~,
orrpenenemo
m p 6onee @YX C ~ O . ~ O B I . I H ~b1~11YelreTE1fi. O~ no-MO~M MY OX ,FIO nOnyCKaTb, YTO B X T O H ~ I Y ~IlnOCTaCA C K O ~ ~M B ( P Y H K ~ I EccnonaTem I Gnar)),ctn.IonoHocHoro)),((HacbIuaMIIIero)), B porn1 npapOmITe.rLII, ((OTl1a Bcex)),%BC, K)nEITep, pHM~KPifil.1 CKBH~ H ~ B C CO J KI ~ ~~,~ . m o c - Q ) e 6 - A n o mAarna o ~ , a OmiH no CBR3A BCeX AX C OrHeM I.1 CBeTOM C.mBaMTCII B HeKOe BPXaMZIeCKOe E I E a O e B -
poneiic~oe6 0 m e c ~ Tana ~o A a w 6 0 1 - a . 3~~1hlonorn¶ec~11e oc~osbi n MeTononornrecme npaHr1mbl n o n o 6 ~ o r oC~.=ZZHEIX Xopca, A a w 6 0 1 - a H C~pn601-aKaK !~~~OErijaHCKklX I.1 CJIaBIMCKnX 6 o r 0 ~ crnoas~e-zciiEI pacnpene.mmeneiI 6 n a r ~EIsnoweHbI B p a 6 o ~ eB. H. T o n o p o ~ a((& MMeHH K TeKCl'y))B ywe YIIOMIwaBIlIeMCX c 6 0 p ~ m e ((Mccnenosa~nano c T p y y p e TeKcTa,). O m a ~ ooTsneKascb, , HeCKOJIbKO ~ p a 3 p e 3 C pe3YJIbTaTaMM B. H.Tonoposa, X O y RaMeTMTb, YTO aHarpaMM aTnrecKne pesmMe ~ B ~ K O ~ H(ppa3b1, C N rne H A ~ Tp e r b o serpax - (caqxax C~pn6ora)) & ~ " k a n Wggisoxn , tsm(qn,
80 BCRKOM C-rIyYae, rn aBTOpa ( ~ C J I O BC~~) )p 1 . 1 6 0 ~ p o n 6ora ~ empa, a orepemas naTuHoa-
BbIcrynan B
7bNHaX aHaIpaMMa AOnXHa 6 b 1 ~ b OTMeYeIIa K a K G U G Om0 CBkIAe-
Te.rIbCTBO 3HaKOMCTBa aBTOpa ((CJIOB~)) C !I~T&IHCKO J r~J~. l ~ e ~ ~ ~ J ' p ~ f i
M,
Momm 6 b 1 ~ bnawe , onpe~e~meaaee - c OB,ILV~~M. B ErHTepnpeTa-
qnn 3~01-osacer nomen MOXHO n p l l ~ m b BO B E I E I M ~ E I MYTO ~ , nepBoEi3-
o6ascC ~ p ~ 6 0KBK i a c(c.maBRHcKoro 3ona ..., eMy npanwcbrsa-ml BnaCTb Han BtTpahfEI)>. ~ T H M O ! I O ~ H Y O ~~OC C HKOH B ~~I I M R (MOPBRCK. stri - ~ o J A ~ xB) )184 ) 1 r. npemowm M. Kamopc~kiti.T a ~ o i~i 3 1 - w Ha npnpoAy C~p116orap a 7 A e . m Cp. M. Gycnae~,It. C T p o e ~1.1np.
naTem, OYeBlyMO, M C X O m a7 nPXMOr0 ChIbICJTa KOHTeKLTa,
H a m EIMR
HCUIeAOBaTeJM.
O ~ ~ ec.m K MHe O El YAanOCb KaK-TO O ~ % R C ~ I MAT0~6 % e m 1 n l ~ b c noMoqbm f l d c e ~ aTonoposa, , P y 6 a m e f i ~ a LLITaep~a~ra (pmIWM A a ~ C i o r K a a K ccnoAaTem 6nar)) n ccnpapomrTenm K~KIIX-TO B H ~ K O BTO , TO He 3 ~ a mZ~ ~,Ha~c ~oo nye aBTopa (rCnosa)),~ o r m OH nacan CBOM nonmme ( q y nosemb", newan sm.mnonemsec-
~
~C I l pf a B Oi Y H M K no ~w+onorwnH a p O A O B
M A p a WJDl YTO O H YHTa!I
~ O C O K p a T H K O B ,XOTX, K a K X Y B e p e H , a B T O p B n a A e J I .rIaTEIHCKkiM CI Qe-
BAHOBHbIX, HO M HeBWHHbIX B CBO&
recrcm, n M e n n p e A c T a a n e H w e o nepcoaaxax p n ~ c ~ a o rpesec~ofi n M H ~ O ~ O ~ I 6bm IM, ~H~KOM onpenenermo, , c r o ~ e p o B~ e, p r n m e ~EI M O X e T 6bmb AaXe ~ ~ I ~ T O H OB MTOJlKOBaHME1 . ((BHJ'KOB Aaxm,6ora)),
c T s w n c orrpeaenemIeM:
n o - M O e M y , K O p p e K T H e e N n p O A y K T A B H e e ACXO,L@ITb H 7 TCKCTO.rIOTI.1-
c o ~ ~ t o ~ a t soaqnno ~e t ~ nM o n (Mcx. 20: 5). Onamop ccCno~a))ncxomn B c~oeCioueme E I c T o p a H u renoseYeCKEIX c y ~ e 6n,o - B A m I M O M y , HMCHHO A 3 3 T O T O B e T X 0 3 a B f X H O T O non o x e ~ n xEI cyman C n p a B e r Z m B b I M r a K o e ~ a ~ a 3 a ~B tH1~ Ke O B3a rpe-
r e c ~ o f Ai c o ~ e p x a ~ e m ~CoBfRi~ NM
r e . m o c o ~1.1 A a m a 6 o r o ~ ,
e w
XPOHEIKEI Ma-~am n p e~c B I 1 T e p o . M ~ P E IoIp s e M . Aame p a c u e H w s a x yno~pe6ne11rreu M e H r I Aaxm6ora u C T ~ E I ~ OB I - a 7 a f i a ~ ~ oBt ni e p e B o A r :
n e p e B O m l O M A KOMnEiJIXTABllOh11 < t C n o B e
M O ~ H H~ J~I ~ T o ~ c TK~a K> )
3bieatoqnn $ireti 3a e n q orqoe ~o rperbaro n .tereepraro pow, H€HaEflAllu(nX'h
MCHII, fl T ~ O ~ f l q t IMflAOCTb n A0 T b l C R Y t i POAOB'h
~ t o s a q n m M ~E H ~ n HaKo
m rrpemoB. %a
3aBEICEIMOe O T YMCTO K H A X H b I X EICTOYHIIKOB H K H N ~ K H OT ~ p a~m I U H H ,
CHCTeMa K a y 3 a J l b H b I X 0~~0UIeHEifi BO BpeMeHEi P a C n p O C T -
m ~ e fEIi H a
rame ~ c e r oc e w s b r B a x
He.rIb3R COBCeM I W H O P E T O B a T b l T O K a 7 a I M X T O ~ O I M M E K W W , W X IMCh-
p a H n a c x B ctCnoeen H a
M e H H b I X N ( ~ ~ O I L ~ K ~ O P EICTOYHHKOB, H~IX B KOTOPbIX H e O A H O K P a T H O
T e X A JJJIyrEIX
y n O M M H a e T C X M y X C K O e HMII Aaxb60r EI COOTBfXCTBYIOLUCC OTYeCTBO
BHJ'K
Aamb60ro~~1u~". l l p a ~ ~~TI.I a , W C T O ~ OTHOCXTCX ~ I K 6onee n o 7 m e MY B p e M e H N , K K O H u Y XIV --- H a r 1 a . V XVI BB., O q Y T W M O T X T O T e I O T K 7 a n a m b m n m r o - 7 a n a m b m c n a B m c K m p e r n o a a M EI E r M e m T , B 605b-
EIasaeMbrx npo~moro M o r y r B b r m y n a T b 1.1 p e a m m l e ( a e m I ) > , Y ~ M - T O
IUlIHCTl3e CJlJ'YaeB,
BnO.rEHe pa3.mI'IlIM)TO
nO.rIbCK0-J'KpaHHCKp
.rIIiCTI.I'IeCKYH) OKpiiCKY. T e M H e M e H e e Y T B e p W e H P I e
B.
CTEI-
n. B u ~ o r p a -
ao~ofi,YTO ((ecmc n o B o #d;~(b)601% B K a r e c r B e m r w t o r o I.t\IerIEI H a g XIV- XV BB. na ewe B 6 o . m m o ~K o m s e c T s e , ro OHO, HeCOMHCtIHO, CJ'I4eCTBOBa.rIO El B ' 3 n O X y ''CJIOB~ 0 nO.TIKy MropeBe" B XI1 B. El P a H L m e ) ) , H e B b I 3 b I B a e T C e p b e 3 l l b I X B O ~ ] > ~ T ~ IHl pM II ~
neHoBnaMma1max
pacnpocTpaHetIEIr1 H a CaKpa-TbHJW A ~
XI1 B.
~ P A C Y T C T B E IEIMCHEI ~
~
I
T OlIOMaCTMKY O B ~ C.rIaBXH
A a ~ b 6 0 1 - aB 3 a n a & H O p y C C K I I X ,
BOCTOY-
HOpOMaHCKEIX, CCP~CKIIX El .?lXITOBCKEIX n M C b M e H l I b I X IICTOYHIIKaX, B
$oJIb~noper O B O p E I T 0 TJIY~OKOZ~ApeBHOCTI.1 K y . n T a ~TOI-o 6ora, o w a K o O I q y T W M o C M e q a m apean sToro ~y.m-
TOlTOHHMHKe H
, ra H
I
H ~ I H ~ I U HX ~A G7 H N , B COOTBeT-
B r o c n o ~ a Eor , reon, Eor pesnnre~a,H a K a -
K 7anamoxy
9.m 1 0 r 0 - 7 a n a m o ~ y
C n a B r n I c K o h I y p e r n o H y 1.1 T e M
CaMbIM npn6mxae~ ero K 3 o H i l h l ~ L I J I ~ IKXO H T a K T O B n l l a ~ a B x l I C K W X n n e M e H C KeJIbTCKElMA A m 1 C EIX COXpaHWBlllHMCX
y MCCTWIX HapOAOB
K ~ J I ~ T ~ HM ~p eI . M mrn07~1b1H ~ ac.rIemeM.
B ((CJIOBC)) ClICTeMa B p e M e H H b I X ( I l p 0 3 a ~ Y e ~ ~ A - C M G I Cki~ O B ~ I X XYAOX~CTBCHHO-CEIMBO.~MY~CKWX) O T H O I I I ~ HI IHp O ~ I~U J l O r O H HaCTOXuero H a x o m r T c B o e B b r p a x e H w e B cne~w(Pw~ec~ofi re~ea~~orw~ec~ofi C q J ' K T y p e , B CHCTeble O T H O U K H H ~H~e OTUOB CI C ~ I H O B C ~ a ~AeAOB , El BHJ'KOB, npe)IKOB H IIOTOMKOB, X ~ P ~ K T T H O&JM ~ ~ 6w6nenc~oCiB t T x o s a ~ m ~ oTpamqaa. ti Am c o B p e M e m o r o r k r r a T e m x e c T o K n M 1.1 H e c n p a u e , r m m m K a x e r c H Eis6neiic~oen o J I o x e H A e , r o B o p x q e e o T O M , 'IT0 ~ O K ~ C T B ~ HK Ia ~p a~ M RO X m O ~ P ~ I I I M B ~ TH ~C e TXO J I b K O H a
CTHWEI,
C C y q e C T B a M H B b I C l U e r O P O B H X MMpO3AaHAX: ~ O X H -
Beneca, B
W b I - C T p H 6 0 ~ b l BHYKU l U
Ap. HOB
Ka'IeCTBe 03-
Bac~m~oc A e x r n i m M n ero AeAa Bceara~a,(crIma)), KOTOp p rrp06ymm Mropb w B c e ~ o n oconocTas.macx ~, ctcxpa~onofi)), K o r o p y m t a c o s a n ) ) EIX Aen Oner C B X T O C ~ (4-op~~cnaawr))). ~B~IY no7TOMY WMCXTIIpaBO H a CJ'U[tTlBOBaHEIeMHelMe B m o ~ p a ~ o ~0oTOM. fi r O B O p H T 0 R n o l m e p e a m H b 1 x BHJ'KaX A a w 6 0 YTO a B T O p >.
p e s warn o c m ~ y Ke)) B C m H C T B C H H O M YEICJIe, IICXO)IJl El7 0 6 3 a K O~I I O B n03TEIYeCKO~ r0 X?bXKa, X O r e T C X I l O H E i M a T b H e K O T O p p , 3 H a Y A T e J I b H O 60.mmy70, YeM p O A Omro~nreti, J W A C K p O ~ ~ O C MTO X ~ eT , 6b1~b, n n e M R CeB e p X H , eC.TDi 6b1 H M e n O C b X O T b K O C B e H H O e O C H O B a H A e C Y A T a T b , Y T O KYJIbT Aamm-60ra COOTHOCMJICX A M e H H O C n I I e M e H e M C C B P X H . Henpepbl~~bre B 0 h l b 1 , K O T O P b I e C C e p e m b I XI B. El n O Y T H A 0 K O H U a CBOElX meg, H a C e B e p e A H a mre, B e n 0 6 ~ m e ~ ~ b CBOHMH l f i El@XMH Oner C B X T O C ~ ~ 60pxcb B H Y , 7 a A O C T O ~ ~ HMeCTO O~ B PYCCKO~~ ~ ~ x x e c ~~ oa f6i mo1pasrax, npmrocwm, K o H e s H o , M a n o xopomero w P R J O B ~ I M c e B e p x H a M - 3 e ~ n e ~ e . m u aA~B, C e M y H a c e J r e H E w ~ ~ C C K A X KHXXeCTB. O ~ ~ E IKa HMKaKHX O O C H O B B H E I ~B~A3BeCTHbIX n H C b M e H HbIX U C T O ' M H K a X E I H T e p l T p ~ k i p O B a T bAamm6ora K a K M A c ~ H Y ~ c K o I ' o npema, r r p a p o m T e J u I B c e x B O C T O ~ H ~ ICJIBBXH, X ~e ~ O B O P Xyme o pacAa-6ora
BaaHHoM
cnyrae, H
~ C M OH ~ aXTO, YTO
BlUl Ha KkleBCKOM CBIITWEiUe B p
m ApyrklX IIneMeHHblX 6 o r 0 KeJIb~ TWO-CnaBsHcKoro A a r ~ y - A a m - 6 o r a - C o ~ u ae ,aBTOp ((CJIOB~)) M O r Ha3BaTh tl O J I ~ ~ O R N ' I ~ ~ ~ - C B ~kiO ~ Co . o~ I6~BCeX ~B eHPYCCKMX 'I~~~, K H R ~ ~hO~HK0Bkl~lefi # BHj'KaMW Com11ia-Aaxm60ra. He Ha,IesCb nrpaIo'II.1 IIOCTPOZITb B7aMeH ( ( H O P M ~ H C K O ~ ) )
r u p e cor\tiqa... Temtio so s t 6.a r p e r n n ~ e t i b :Asa cor\nqa n o ~ l i p ~ o c rosa a , sarpmnam crr\.sna noracocra, n c.a tinma Mor\oAam mtcmqa O ~ e n Gsm7-ac~as.a7-amolo nosorroKocra n 13% MOP* flOrpy3nCTa. Herpyrpro 3aMeTklTb, 9.TO B sh16ope11306pa7~reJIbHbl~, neKcnrecKtlx ti 06pa7Hb1~ cpenc~aB ~ T H Xa
p a r ~ e a ~ Oa xT S ~ T ~ B O
QOsBJLReTCR CTAJIIIcTknca H o 6 p a 3 ~ C aA ~CTeMa X P W C ~ ~ I ~ H CKIIZIXKO~~
TeOpEIEl ('XeJIbTCKyIo)),OrptlHEi'IJ'Cb BbIIIIenpkIBeAeHHblMM H ~ ~ J ~ A C -
H O T~P a m k l . ~ O ~ T O MCTeneHb Y B.TMRHNR Ha aBTOpa ((CJIOB~)) a€]-
HWMH, nO3BOJIIWIUNMEi~OlltihlaTb nOA (); ~ ~ o rKoA ~ o m ~ ~ T k I l ~ l bnpoc~emarou1aG 18, BCCIotOrO LIe-ToBeKa, vXi[JUerO B MIIP, C I . Apeonarn~y ~ o6pawancs ~ e p s ~ h.rb1c.me.m ~ i l paHHero Cpemesepe:, K O T O ~ U~ II~noJrywml ~I ~ Aocryn K cBeToIlaqa.rIy O T U ~ . . . ) ) ~ ~ BeKOBbX M O ~ H H CKOTT 3pHlXHa, 0 BCenpOHkEaIoUeM CBtrre BbICmeMucmmec~oeuBAO?3lOBeIIHOeBOCXOXfieHHe).MCTBeHHbIM B30ro pa?yMa a >
M eaeT OH pblCbH):rpeMR It BBeHR, C T ~ YnllIllb ~ T 0 KOPHA KOnblTbl; BA~)T C~ y 6 K a HeMy KTO-TO npblr Ha KOHR! (Oil,KT0 38 nJIeYaMH TaM Ce.? Y M ~ H I I ? Co ~ t i o i i6epentcb, ? H e w p t i ~bl!>> M q y n a a OH y c e 6 ~ 3a cnti~oii,
M
wapliT, c aocafloii BO ssope; H0 BHeM.?eT OTBLT: ~ e 6 He e YyXOfi, T ~ Isaii, , 06 yco6tise cnblwan K H R X O ~ ~ , Bmewb Apocnasa T ~rope!>) I
(a
((Hy,BPti ce6e! --AyMaeT BIITR3b, CMeRCb, BOT,TIOAJINHHO, 6bmo 6b1 AIIBO! K a ~ a nTBOR C ~ ~ O C J ~ ~ B OC M B H- ~T~O ? B CO@H#CKOM co6ope CnUT K K H ~ B C KKIH~R~3b ~, A rope, ~ e 6 o c bero , XUBO?>>
284
E.A.
TOnOJIKa))C T m Hap~dTeJIbHbIMEi, KaK CTepeOlwIbl My,QpOrO601-0~ O H ~ H ~ H HITpasnTemI O ~ O n ~ O I ' O ~ I ~ O ~3nonea, H O T6pa~oy6~iikw.1, O n o n o 6 ~ o r oKamy. M e m y TeM, ~ B K T3a@n~cnpo~a1rHb1e ~I, B pyCcKnx n 3anamb1x XpoHmax, ~ O B O P H To TOM,YTO C B I I T O ~oxIeHb O~~, BepOIITHO, WOCTO CTan ((K03JIOM OTnMeHklII>)B ~ O C Y A ~ P C T B Pi~ H H O n p o n a r a m c r c ~ o i ni o m e Apocnasa, sac~rywnsam~ero 'jnrr~eTa He CTOJIbKO ((MYA~oTo)), HO ( ( f i l p ~ r ~ ) K ) J,IM He ((OK~RHHOTO)). H ~ I H ~ ~ UYKPaHHCKHM HAM rOCynapCTBeHHbIM MyWaM CJIenOBaJIO 6b1 Kpemo n o m a n , rrpeme seM BBOWTL ((OpneH Apocnasa X n ~ p o ro)), He roeopa y x o TOM, 9 ~ 0 6 b Harpamam 1 AM r e m a p a h e Ba, XOTS HaqameHMe TaKPiM OpneHOM B 3 T O M CJlyYae OKa3bIBaeTCII KaK Hemsa 6onee TOYHO allpecoBaHm1M. K cBoeMy cyacrbm n K HeCYaCTblo HaUleMy, MeHee BCerO HHTepeCyIoTCR O T ~ Y ~ C T B ~ HHCTOHO~~ pneii Hami HoBoncneseHHbIe rrpesnnenm, B CBOHX pesax sepes cnoBO rrpn3blsamw1e K YBaxemiw H ~ 0 3 p o m e ~ m HamioHaTIbHbIx o CBIIT ~ I nHq~a & . P0.m x e Hpocna~aB cym6e Eopnca s b l r ~ u l m oseHb ~ ~ ~e6na1-0BHDJ~o~~, KJIM CneJIaTb OYeBEmbIe BbIBOJSbI A3 ~ H T ~ P K&I H OTJIEIYao~~ mweiica HeopmapmIM nomonoM pa6ol.e M. H. A ~ H K . I ~ B C K O ~ O ~ CaMa 3aTeHHHaH A ~ o U I ~ B KaHOHH3al@iH OM HeBMHHO y 6 n e ~ ~ b 60rx pnca A rne6a B M c y n~ o p ~ cb ~o ~n p m ~ PYCCKEJX e ~ Murpono~mTOB-VeKOB (kioaHHa, K O T O P ~ I64 ~ ~ flpqXAC€H'b tl E'b vqMH€HHti, reoprna, H X € d H€ E€pCl%vIl,IlKO CEffTa BAAXEHAR) I1 KOHCTaHTAHonomcKoro nalpaapxa npArncqeHmo TparnsecKn non16m1xMOnomIx Apocna~~seKi K m y C B ~ ~ ne.namT I X 3 ~ porn y erne 6onee C O M ~ T ~ H P O a~~ ~e e o. H ~ O ~ X O A E I ~ ~ O C ToE~I ~ a OT 3 ax p e c ~ o ~ a ~ n i i H O - n a l p n o m e c m xnomtonoB B n ~ ~ o p n x ~ e cn~3o~ini s e c ~ ooueHii Ke JUirsoc-reii Apocnasa n Csa~onomcas n o m e oqeneneHHo B ~ I C Kasbxeanca B ceoeii n3amoii p a 6 o ~ eM. 0.M ~ ~ ~ I I H nnca~umii, OB, w o cccpasy nocne H ~ I - H ~ H N ICI ~ a ~ o n o m 6bma c a cosnaaa o+nuna.mHaa sepcna r n 6 m Eopaca, rne6a n Csmocnaea, no ~ o ~ o p ooi m i n m O T pyK ~6-, IIOnOUIaHHbIX CBXTOIIOJIKOM. APOCIIBB CTaJl n06HBaTbc~lTpkIWCJIeHNII@WIXK M Y CBRTbIX Ha OCHOBaHHM O@Hl@iam~oii sepcnn co6brrnii. 3 r o 3 ~ a m r 1 O0 C B I I n~ caMy ~ e p c m , pa3 n Hascerna oTpe3an B O ~ M O X H OKpnTmecKoro ~ o-momemm K ~ e i i n. o ~ p r n e p n mU ~ P K O B H O ~ Orrpasa X ~ ~ T TB p~a Ir e m I0 IS r. non n o m e cBaTocrn He n o m o m m , m a c ~ e p He ~ bm e n a TaKnx MOTHBOB, 9~06b1 t X M O X H O 6bu10 K B ~ J U ~ ~ E ~ L T I KaK I P O CBM~ qTT~b 3a sepy. Am cnepxaHHoro oTHornema rpesec~oiiu e p ~ o e ~ oaiw i nHkicrpau,m K H a m o a m Hpocna~a6b111a ewe n Ta r r p m a a , w o
Csa~onomc,no MaTepn r p e K , a KaK crapurwii n3 6 p a ~ b n~esur&i e~ me~c~& cron, i K TO MY y 6 & i c r ~ yOTH o u r e m He n ~ e n w ~ ' . n o c o o 6 q e ~ m oMep3e6yprcKor0 enncKona Tn-rhfapaZ4(97510 18) B MOMeHT CMqTn B n a m n p a CBHTO~OJIK HaXOJIJUICa no npun p e m y ~ e c T s e m o rrpaBo e Ha
Ka3y C O ~ C T B ~ H H OO~ Ov a B 3aKJWYeHRA B K H ~ B C K O TeMHHIIe ~~ B M m e
ee JlJ'XOBHklKOM eIlHCKOnOM P ~ G H ~ ~ K ~H o Jo IM~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c K ~ M , a, BepoaTHee scero, - o n s M a , c y ~ a ~ w ecpasy i i 6exan B Ilomrny K TeC xeH0ii M
OTKyna, BOCnOJra3OBaBlIII.ICb~03HkiKUIefinOC.?e CMepTn OTUa,
CTK),
6onema~yX p a 6 p o ~ yO,CTaBAB B 7aTOYeEllIU XeHY H ((TIpOCJIaB-
neHHOrO CBOkIMH ITOmZITaMH CBRTOCTW))K O J I O ~ X ~ ~ C K O ennCKOna. ~O
6opwc me nom6 Ha ~ e s m b ~nem f i nocne C M ~ I T I B n a m n p a Ha p a e ikrtb~e, no AaHHbIM IIf3OnRCkI OT pyIc BbIIIIerOpOmeB, H O nOYeMy-TO no6mam er0 yXe mOe B a p X r O B , COCTaBJurBlIIHX B TOT ITepEIOn OCHOBHjTO YnapHjTO CH.v ApoUIaBa. CK~HJTEM~BCK~I~ HCTOYHkfKH (((npm06 ~ ~ ~ M Y I I A W n P)R) M O JTBepmaloT, YTO o ~ p y 6 n e m y TO~1 noay 6opnca 3 t i ~ q 7 i nepenax n B ~ WRpocnasa: I ((M wer 3 C i ~ y t Ku Apnwefisy KOHYHrY H PaCCKalbIBaeT eMy BCH) TIPaBJlJ'0 r~16e-m15ypuunasa. "Tenepb nocMoTpm H a ronoBy, rocnomIH, y 3 ~ a f l .WI e ee?" KOHYHI'KPaCHeeT, Y B I W TOIIOBY. %MYHA CKa3aX " 3 ~ 0Mb1, H O P MaHHb1, CneerIa.TH3TO CMeIIOe AeJIO, r O C n O m H ; IT03a60TbTtXb Tenepb
~ep% 3anexe 10 HE
no spalcy, npe~I06o~'ktirn.lh 6 l
OT€qh €rO He AIOGllluE, 6'k 60 OT'h -010
OT4I0,
~ c yso. ~ h T%mh n
- 07% @ O ~ O A K ~tl
o n B~anmnpa)).
O ~ ~ ki K CBIITOIIOJJK, O no BC& Bepornlocm, 6x1 He 6esrpeurea: Ha ero coaecrrn Morno neman y 6 n i i c ~ ~rne6a o urn Csa~oc.rIasa. TaK YTO cams Apocnasa)) X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ R ~ npeme ~ T O T Bcero C H omeC T O Y ~ H H O~~~~ ~ T o Y ~ R C ~ C TBBO ~ ~HHH O& T OaK ~ ~H ~ H ~ B A C T HaB OT~O~PY
((Cnosa)),w npnr.rIaureHI.IeM ccnoraHa1w) ( n e s e ~ e r oT~K,I ~ K O B , CKaHIWH~BOB) ,UJMn0~epXCKkI B KpOBaBbIX ccpa36op~ax)) B 6opb6e 3a emHOJIWIHyIo BnacTb.
He ~HXOmTCRCOMHeBaTbCR, ¶TO aBTOp ((CJIOB~)), CTOXBUIEI~ 800 J I f l 6.mxe H a C K c o 6 b r r n a ~Hasa.rIa XI B., HeCOMHeHHO 6b1n nyrure MH@OPMHI)OB~H, ~ a ~ o ouemw Ci B ~ e K i c r s n ~ e m ~ o3ac.vcm x m m cama Apocnasa)). M OH T~K~T ouemy O B saKmowTemHOGy a a n ((XeabI)),npmo conocTasma 6msy Ha Kame c npourm~MR ITOXOAaMA kl ~IITBIMH, a He C M W @ H ¶ ~ C K ((BeKaMI.1 M M I I 6!1arone~CTBZIR BOCTOYHbIX CJI~BHH))~? TO6 M 0 6% Tbl p4Tn HE% TI4 I l A x K h l , 4 ctlq~tip4Ttl He CAhlluaHO, TeM CaMbIM ewe pa3 I T O m e p W a H , sT0 B H ~ Y ~ J I ~CT HpO OK~e ((XeCTbI)) ~ HaAO YmaTb He 6'hIl, a c'kutl Tpomn. T ~ ¶TO K HUKaKkiM M ~ P K OY.~I~Iu.I~M M T ~ ~ R HB O ((CXOB~)) M R He namm. Mcropm, KOH~YHO, He 0 6 m a ~ pa36npa-racx BO BIXX T O H K O ~ ~ Ha
am
0 TOM, Y T O ~ Te.rIO ~ I BaUIeTO 6 p a ~ 6brno a XOpOLtIO, C I T O Y f l O M , nOX0poaeao"))"'. He no.-ry.laa nna-rar, nocroCiaofi, no FIX MHemno, sax-
kICT0pklYKKofi VaMMaTHKki pyCCKOr0 X3biKa, HO H e HanO 6 b 1 ~$I.IJIob
HOCTI.1 O K ~ ~ ~ H H kIM OH$ YCJIyrR, ~ CKaHmIHaBbI OTKpbITO BbIpaXaloT
B O B C ~e ~ o
ApocrIaBy, YTO Tenepb ((MfIOrO MOXHO 6pa~oy6sGc~sew. n03xe, PaCCOpklBUIACh C ApocnaB O M , B a P R f C K A e HaCMHUKR, ITepefiLUI H a cnyx6y K l T O . r I O ~ O M y BapTnJIa~y( ~ ~ H Y ~ I c K xO ~HB Ta~ Mk , IHPIpOBaHHOMY B Care C TbMJTOPOKaHCKHM MCTZICII~BOM, C Y m no ynOMHHaH%EOC K O ~ O CMepTkI ~ ~ kl HaCJIeAOBaHWK) e r 0 yAe.rIa ~ ~ o c ~ ~ B Ha3bIBaIOT o M ) , flp0cJIaBa
C B O e HenOBOJIbCTBO 1.1r O B O p m
BCnOMHkITb 0
ccxamIhi B O . ~ O M Y .
B 6opb6e sa KneBcKoe npecTo.rIoHac.rIeme, B ~ O I I T H O He , nowepom q a n o TO 0 6 c r o m m 0 ,YTO C~monomc mmcI1HeponHbIM CblHOM KMeBCKOTO BJIaCTHTeXR, nOCKOJIbKy XeHa er0 6 p a ~ Ap0a nomca nocTanacb xe~omo6uyB n a m ~ n p yy x e (c~enpa3ma)).BonpeKn s n e ~ e ~ ~ a pn~o m o ie in ~TXI-BY CrrpaBeppmorn, He xyxe DJIIOIO
COBpeMeHHOrO aHraXCHpOBaHHOr0 XypHaJtEICTa, JI€TOIlHCeu ITMUKeT,
K ~ 6b13apa~ee K npeAonpaerwr W I O K O ~ H ~ H H O C Tw~~ ~ ~ ~ O B HnoseneO C T ~ HWl CBmonornCa, m 0 ykpenmt?T OCHOBaHHII er0 ayTeHTnqHocTu, ero n p a H a m e m H o c m ~ o ~ XI1 ~ y - Harany XI11 B.
CTY pa36n'rb 1106 0 MOHYMeHTamHOe KaMeHHOe COOPYXeHNe. ((P~Ic-
4eCTBO aBTOpB
KaTb)>B TaKOrO POna HeCOKpJ'lUklMbIe IlpenIITCrBkiX HeB03MOXHO tM
B ~ J ' K B ~ ~ H oHM M ,B (PWTYPB.'T~HOM CMbICJIe. ABTOP ((CJIOB~>>, KOHeYHO, HeCMOTPR Ha PaCTOWeMbIe B OTKPbITOM TeKCTe T1)OMKZle KOMnJIMMeHTb1,OYeHb c ~ o e 0 6 p a 3 ~ OT 0HOCMTCII K ~ O I I H Y name , Ha3bIBaeT
ero B naTb
aKpocTnxe
ctocno~w,HO
He HamomKO
me nnoxo,
9 ~ 0 6 bmel
'
cBoeMy rrperpuecmeaamy, onowsmeMy nmr name n e r e w p -
no6. n o - M O ~ BMTOM ~ , cMbicne ym nyX~ute crapaR Via Trajani, seM H O B ~ ~I ~a ~ ~ e ~TropheumTrajani! ~ b ~ i i
HOMY, p a c m n 6 n ~ bce6e
OJIHOB~~M~ HYmaWTCII HHO B OCHOBaTemHOhl nepeCM0Te MHOrHe
ycraHoBmmeca nonoxemM n o ~ ~ m ccc~rosau, n V e r n e ~ c e r o-- ero mrrepaTypHbre HCTOKH, XYAO meCTBaalbre cocraB.rImme
u xapaKTe-
p n c m m TBopseCTsa aBTopa n Eioma, nrmmucrmecme,ncropmecM CHOBa, K a K B C.Tj'9ae C ~ J ' M z I ~ ~ B ~AOnXeI1 IM, OTMeTkITb, YTO KEIe I.1 XyfiOXeCTBeHHbreEIHTqlnpeTaUkiH X3bl¶eCKHX 601-OBt1 PeaJbHlXMOTpII Ha npnH&nnna.XbHo o u m 6 o s ~ b l llpt:,IUlOCbLmkl, e P ~ I ~ ~ K O B H ~ I Xnepcoaaxeii, neficrsyrowx B ((Cno~e)), a MHoroe q y r o e . K ~ K B c~oeti p a ~ ~ pean6 o ~ (Pycc~ne e neTonncubI H aBTop ((Cnosaw)H a masan, Z I M T ~ Y I I anocToJIa, ~ C K O B C K F Innceq ~~ AHOMIW,~ ~ y n p b ~ i i xo,l@i.~csoreHb 6 . ~ 3 ~ K ~ 0 I C T I I H H peUIeH&IK) OM~ npo6ne~b1 ((Tponp a 3 y ~ w >s> ,~ yme o cetisac MOWHO nonaran, s ~ c~oTklii o 6 0 r n npaH n n . B 1972 r. OH nncan: cc"06k~sa",nosBnBrutlcb nepBoHasa.mHo po;QITem seurero necHeTBopua Eoasa Bexec k1Mee-r He T O ~ K O ~mo"B cnnax Aaxb6oma ~ ~ y r c aT. " , e. B p y c c ~ s xnomax M r o p ~B, ero .rIOrHWZKjTO CBX3b C nOKpOAHTeJIeM CTan El nO3THqeCKOrO RCKyCCTBa ~ J E ~ B H L cnnax, IX pa3611~b1x B "none 6cs~o~me", saTeM " ~ c ~ y n n aena A~OJLTIOHOM, B 91.ICJle nOTOMKOB KOTOpOrO 9HCJHTCII JIereWpHbIe Bolo Ha 7ehl.W T~OIIHH), BLCllJleCKana lle6eAIl~b1h.1~ Kpbl.r~blH a CtMeM nO3TbI-neBub1A nPO1)OKM Op@efiI4 ~ I H M. H e B k I m I .rM MbI COOTBeThrope y A o ~ ..." y 3 n c c ~non "7e~netiTpos~befi"n o q a 3 y ~ e s a e ~ c H CTBeHHO B nqlB0fi C T p O K e ( ( C ~ O BBnO.me ~ ) > BepOHTHytO aHa1paMMy ca~bE1 ceeepo-aocros~b~fi yron rpe~o-pnh~cKtIx s n a n e ~ n tci roponoc.rlemero: NG ~ e n hn o MU s a u ~ e r asparne , .? UOM T a ~ a n c B o~ A~JLLTGA o ~ a Ho . ema mi -~TMMMOXHO orI)aIinq~06b1~6eitn~ Bb Pe~ 3Y 1.T 1IbTaTHBHOCTn Qe&rIaraeMOrO nOAX0Ylmb " T ~ o ~~w e h ~ . r ~M l ~c"r. o p ~ ~ e cT~p~a ~ a~ CBnJaH fi C A j ? r a e ~Aa, ua K npo6~1eh1e T p o m , nposepnM onepalsiBso, Hanpmep, KoppeK~ s e i iflo6pymeii. , Mc~inosnrb 113"Tpoa~befi ~ ~ M J D I3" n r 3 a n a ~ m o T H O C T ~ Hauero onpeaenems T ~ O X H KM a K no3mrecKoro caMBona qqlHOMOpCKkle kl ,Q'~'dfic~lle3ekl-mi, KOtle9H0, He.'Ib3II. Ems .mi Y BU~BHTMII Ha B P ~ M ~ ~ InpHBX3Ke H O ~ ~ KAeBCKWX c06bl~nfi1068 r. K qeBHepJ'CCKOr0 KHkITHkIKB XI1 B. Morn0 6blTb WTKOe lIl)enCTaB:le(ccemhlowy BeKy TpnrrHu>). Hkle o rpaInnrax P H M C K nh1nepkln, O~~ HO TO, TO Bce no6epembe Mopa M ~ B ~ C T H OTO , pa?ue-ne~neP H M C KuMnepnk1 O~~ o@nqna~u,so BXOmJlO R "Tpoxm 3ehl.r~",OH, no-BHiQlMOMY, 3~anD"'. npOEi3OlunO B 395 r., T. e. OTC4a RpeMeHH CyIQ%TBOBaHklIIC O ~ C T B ~ H 3 ~ 0 Onpt?flenaeMOe , aKaneMHKOM P ~ I ~ ~ K O K aB K ~((HOBOe>), IM HO BII~BHT~.IU HaAO Ha4EIHaTb C KOHISa IV B., Tor0 C a M O r O IV BeKa, HanpaBnemie ccpb1cKaHbR B T o n y T p a s ~ a ) nponomeHo ) erue B K O T O ~ 6b1n ~ I ~Ta ~K H ~ O ~ X O L MaKWGMKKy M P ~ I ~ ~ K qT06b1 O B YC , BeCTn 1941 I-. n p y r ~ aKaneMmoM, i~ H. C. A e p x a s n ~ b l~~o, ~ o p b nncan: iti KOHL(b1C KOHL[aMM B CBOEIX PaCqeTaX BpeMeHkl C K O m a ((TpaII~beii ((B eblpameam "Cnosa" - - "pb~waB q o n y T~OREIKI qepe3 nom H a 3no?iw>,Ha b c n , roropoti c a ~ o f is IV 8. ewe He cjlqecmosano ropb~''--- R BHXY oTxomeHne CoBepmeHHo pea.mHoro reorpa()nsecHM K a K ~ I ~ I ~ ~ C K HHOKaK ~ Oreorpa(Pu~ecrcoro , nom-cnn. B~IYTGM n3 K O r O nYHKTa, a KMeHHO O~lOrO ti3 OCHOBaHHbIX TP~RHOM naMRTHM1068 r. r O A 395-fi: nOJTyrKM, eCTeCTBeHH0, 673 rOAa, T. e. K a K pa3 KOB H a n O n y O ~ O B Be O ~ W ~ C T~bIHelIIHeii M Ao~~Y~xww~"'. ceAbM0fi B e K CyWeCTBOBaHHII B I I ~ ~ H T I IKMa K T ~ P P Z I T O ~ ~ ~ J I A B T O((CJIOBB>>, ~ eCTGCTBeHH0, M O r He 'JHaTb, me ~JOXOJ@iJI%i H , rnaBHbIM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ K , ~JI~TYPHO-HCTO npeeMHlIUb1 ~H¶~C~ BOCTOqHbIe qaHMUbl HMnepMtl T p a a ~ B a 1 - 11 BB. H. 3., HO rAe npOX0Tpon, Tpoamr, T ~ O X H CseMm, K O ~ ~M3eMJIM TPOXHH>>. B c03Ha~HkI DJIJIMrpaHmb1 BOCTO¶HO# P M M C KUMnel)UE.I, O~~ T. e. BH~BHTHW B er0 OKpyXaWWMX H a p O n O B 3Ta npeeMCTBeHH0CTb HMKOrAa He nOABpeMs, OH man TOWO. BOT M ~ MI B~IIJIJM Ha q e 6 y e ~ o onpene3leHne e BepralIaCb CePbe3HbIM COMHeHMIIM: ((Mnp IpeqeCKHX r O p O n O B nc~opnsec~oii pea-ma, c ~ p b i ~ a l o ~ q e non f i c s (Cie~neiI Tposnn)). no- ( rocynapcrB n n x ~ o n o m f iycemmix , Bocros~oeC p e m 3 e ~ ~ o ~ o p b e , CJIenCTBkiR ?TOGa ~ p n 6 y w ~ RpMeHeBTmki ~~m ((CJIOBB)> BeCbMa 3Ha6b1nMCTOPklYeCKMM HaYanOM B ~ ~ ~ ~ H T U ~ MlipawZ4. ~ C K O ~ O 9MTeJIbHbl.Bo-nql~blx, n O ~ B q l ~ a e T CCnpaBe,IIJHBOCTb II B3rJIRnOB
I
~
BOT H a 3TOT pa3, ~~eficTBki~eJIbH0, c(sT0 kI ~ p e 6 o s a n o c bAOKaUI.mma~nosepm r o ~ e p yw o q a r n ~ n p peamHyw y Tporo, u naxe H e omy. n p a ~ n aB, nocnemee BpeMa Bce rpoMse pa3naroTca ronoca a c ~ o p m w o apxeonorm ~ (T. R ? u l a ~A. , AXOB~HHEIHEI, A. OIOPIOMBI)K, 0.30Mhlep Pi ~ p . )yTBepXAaIoWX, , .IT0 UrnMaH pawonan M.WOH, a TO roMepoBcKaa Tpoa ewe x n e ~ cBoero OTKpbIBaTem, sT0 ((KXaA npWa~a)) - C03HaTe.TbHaR MCICTW@~K~qas LLI-m~awa,s ~ ToP O R H C KBOO ~~ ~~ Hno ~ I~ , p a f i ~ eMepe, fi ~ a ~ o f i , ~ a ~ ooHa f i ornlcasa B ki-mane w ~ ~ O H H C K Ow M n e , ~ 0 0 He66b1no. ~ ~ O ~ ~ QlZR K 3aaa9 O EI qefiefi MOW0 WCC.rIeAOBaHHH AOCTaTOYHO ACXOWTb w ~ ~ B & ~ ~ T Y ~. ' J~I~~e H p ao ~~y~p, HPea-TbHOCTEI ofi T ~ O I I H CBOGKO~~ Hbl. BHTHSHO~~ EI v e m e B e K 0 ~ 0 fKYJIbTYpbI i T~OBHCKIB BO~~HB 6bma (PIKTOM HEIKeM EI HEIKOTAa H e 0~napE1Bae~0fi EICTOPEN~CKO~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c T B W T ~ J I ~C HJO Ie CqT % E 3a I . KHII3eM B I I ~ ~ M C KCI WBM e p H B BbICOTY JEl~epa~ypHofi KYJ1bTYI)bI aBTOpa, YAanOCb ewe pa3 06HapyXH~bB reKcTe ((Cnosa))non wymo nomaIowrMacs pacsncTKe 3 a ~ a n a ~ t i C13 HaJTHbIX W nCeBAOHaY9HbIIX pa3bI~KaHWfi,a saCT0 & COBepIIIeHHO I 6 e c n o s s e ~ ~ bE 1x I ~ M ~ ~ I I I J IB~ AO H.X IH IO ~B ~JL ,lleMb1.Y n 0 ~ 0 fH i CTEIHHbIM, a npenMyWemBeHHo - K ~ ~ ~ H H ~~ I~ M T~CIOTII~MO nM y c, n cywecrByIo3a-rb!)) Teqwx
IIuyIo B CO3HBHEIW CpeLIHeBeKOBOTO nO3Ta TOJIbKO K a K 0 6 p a 3 ~ 0 BbIe PaXeHEIe, KaK C B ~ ~ H Y XT Y~ AI O~ X~ ~ C T B ~ HTeH30p, H ~ ~ ~ ~ II03TlI9eCKyIo $1
BCe me pea-msym Tporo-Tpoa~y-Tpoa~b-B1.13a~~~no.
Pas y x M
~ KIO C H ~ . W C ~B O I - I ~ O C XPOHO-TIO~IEI OB ( ( 3 e ~ mTPOIIHED), 1
TO B KaseCTBe J W ~ O ~ ~ I T H O T @OK T ~ yKaXy Ha ymBWTeJKbHYl0
M e H H P CPiMhIeTpEW: aKTj'a.XbHble CO~LITEIH,OIIWCbIBaehlbIG B
Bpe-
((C~O-
185-1 186 rr.,a 3 ~ a ~ e m 1 n 1p fei~ b ~ f i n p e ~ reorpa4 I1 CICTOpHK ~ ~ ~ T o c Ane~canpwfic~ufi $I~H onpenemn n a ~ naAeHas y Tpo~ 1 1 8 11 185rr. AO H. 3.; B Toxe speMs B cacaTanore ~opa6neii>) E I M-mamr ~ HacsHTarsaeTcs 1 186 c y n o ~ . Be)), 3 a m a n l s a m ~1 184-1 tiocTW, BCTPOHOM,
Oms-
Cllyqaii~bI .m 3TW COOTBCTCTBNII, CTOJIb TOrIHbIe COBII~A~HEIH?
K O ITpeWrOJIOXeHWe 0 3HaKOhICTBe aBTOpa ((CJIOB~)) C COsWHeHWaMEI
3 p a ~ o c g e osearlmo ~a npoTmopeswno 6b1 aBTopcKoMy orrpeneneHW XI B. KaK ((CemMoroBeKa T ~ O R H O C cI ~ ~ am . c aH ~ R C H OB npen~~ c T a s n e m amopa ctCnosa>> a 6 c o m m a s n a ~ q o BpeMem ~ ~ a naneHWH TpoW, XOTR HGCOMHeHHO 0614ee er0 3HaKOMCTBO C COAepXaHWeM CI ~01wcofi3TOr0 MOTkIBa. He WCKmsaeTCH, ¶TO OH lTpWBH3blBaJITpOIlHCKWe C O ~ ~ I T H K I I IV B. HOBOR 3pbI IT0 ITpWIIlHe B O ~ M O XA HaT O W~- ~ pOBKW seTBepTbIM BeKOM CIIWCKa
((AH~BHIIK~ TPOHHCKO~~ BO~~H~I))
A m ~ n c aK p m c ~ o r oWMeHymUerO , ce6a ysaCTHHlCOM n O Y e B n A 4 e M r p o m c ~ n xc06bI~llfimi ( ( P a 3 p p e m a Tpom Aapeca CDpsrnfic~o-
ro. CosmeHas Tpn@kiqopaW K B H H TC~M & ~ ~ H CTaKXe K O ~AaT&fpYO WTCX 3TWM BpeMeHeM. H e q w e ~ n e ~ npeAlTO.IOXeHWe o 0 TOM, WO aBTOp (c T p o a ~ c ~ oac~opwefi ii EI ~ o o 6 q ~e H T H Y H O ~ ~y~m ~ y p oAf i JDi~ePa~ypOfi, HeCMOTpII H a nOATBepXfieetIEIePeKOHCTpJ'KIJIlW TeKCTa
T p o a ~ wK a K MeToHuMnsecKoro, ~ e ~ a + o p ~ w e c ~ 06 o 0r o 3~ase~na BW~IHTWA pe3y.mTaTaMEI PaCYCTOB ((CeLtbMOrOBeKa Tpoa~w)), AOnXeH nI)W3IIaTbCII,9TO n O K a He 3HaIo, K a K OTBeTEITb H a BOIIPOC, eCTeCTBeHHO B03HEiKaIOwCIfi B CBX3E.IC ~ 0 e fCi O ~ C T B ~ H H~HC~eh10fi O~~ no-
crpoeHE1fi EI fiOKa3aTeJIbCTB:KaKWM o 6 p a 3 0 ~B n03TU9eCKOM EII WCTO- 1 pmecKoM co3aaawEr aBTopa ccCnoaa)) naneaae, r146enb T p o ~
-
YBII3bIBa.rIOCb C Ha9aJIOM B W ~ ~ H T U ~ ~ CMEIpa, K O ~ OC HaYaJIbHofi TOYKO~ OTCYeTa ((BeKOB
TPORHW))?
A. C. nzlxa%Ba 0 6 ~ a p y x n ~ a e ~no c r Cr p a B H e H W C er0 CTapblblH yTBepXAeHWlurlW (TPORH C J I ~ B H H C~3b19e~KHfi KH~~ 60r, BeKa TPOIIH a - c(a3bIsecKwe BpeMeHa, BpeMeHa 6ora T ~ o x H ~ Bcecna~ )), -(mpeACTaBWTeJIb nOXWBaIoIUer0 B3bIrIeCTBa)), a ((BHYK Aaxm6o12)) -- 3T0, KOHe'4HO Xe, pyccKWfi H ~ ~ O A )TO ~ ~CJIe~yf~wefi ' , PaCCMOTPWM 6onee mTepecHym TOWY 3 p e ~ n HeMeworo a $I~~nonora-maskicTa Pyno.m$a A ~ E I X(1T850 ~ -1 92 I), npo(beccopa 6 p e ~ a ~ ~ 1 b c ~ o r ~ O C K O J I EI ~K B Y CeT0~IIIIIHEI.Y B033peHAIIX
HWEIerO H O B O r O He
-
YHWBepCEITeTB, KOTOPOMY TaKXe HeMa!IO AOCTaXOCb OT OTeseCTDeHHbIX naTpHOTOB-3aIUWTHkMOB ((HenOBTOPWMOTO XYAOXeCTBeHHOrO
o nomcy Mropese)). A ~ W XcsnTan T Tpoma 6 p 0 a p ~IIeBLlOM, i~ C O ~ P ~ T O 6oma M no II~o@~ccWH, XWBIIIEiM B H a qane O ~ H H a ~ a T O C rO TOJIeTWR. n o MbICJIJ.1A 6 n x ~ a~, O A O ~ HTO OMY, K8K aBTOp ( ( C ~ O BOXBaTbIBan ~)) CBOCIM TBOPYeCTBOM nepWOA OT M o ~ o ~ a no x a kiropa (1 1 13-1 185), ero rrpe2pnecrBeHHm 6 o a ~ BpeMa OT C B H T O C J A I~ 0B Onera ~ (957 -1 1 15), TaK El IlpGffreYa6oma T p o s Bocnesan ~ snoxy OT ocHosaTem mHacmH Pmpma no Apocc~oeo6pa3na)> ceCnosa
'
naBa (862- 1054). 3eMJur TpoRHa -3T0, no MHeHEIIO A 6 n x ~ aT, b ~ y TOPOKIW, T ~ M ) T O P O K ~ HKHXXeCTBO C K O ~ Mcrncna~aXpa6poro ki p o m a neaqa T p o a ~ a ' ~ ~ . A~I.IXT He IIPWBOAHT CBX3HbIX O ~ O C H O B ~ HCBOHX H ~ ~ 3aKrno¶eHnG, HO XOA er0 MblCJIH HeTPYAHO BOCCTaHOBIlTb npeJlJTOJIOXMTeJlbH0. B caMoM nene, ec.m O ~ n Ho 3 (~ a ~ ~ ((Cnosa))) op n p ~ . ~ s b ~npyronae~ r0 ( ~ O H H BOCneTb ~ ) nOXOA M r o p ~B, KmOse OmOBpeMeHHO peamICTWICZKOM I.1 M ~ T ~ ( ) o ~ E I Y ~ X KWeAJIaraR OM, eMy ((PbICKaTbB TPOnY Tp0RHH))), TO J I O ~ I ' I H O npemonara-rb, YTO OH npernamam ero TBOPI.IT~ B TOG x e ~ O ~ T B Y ~ CMaHepe, K O ~ ~ I . I ~ E Bocnen, I cnenosaTb caponom)) K I K O T O - T O He MeHee 3HaMeHHTOTO nPe.I(IIleCTBeHHI.iKa, B AaHHOM cny¶ae - no M ~ I AC6 e~ x ~ a-neBua TpoRHa. COJBYYHOLTL 3~40HkiYeCKaR I.I ~ J W ~ O C T3THMOJIOTI.WeCKaH ~ ((TPOlTM))I.I ((TpOna))(rpes. z po x 6 - -- HanpaBneHne, O ~ O P O T ,cnoc06,06pa3 A ~ ~ ~ C T By6exI.IE) n a m B n p n c y ~ c r ~ nB B n ~ I P ~ X ~ H ((PnIua IIM BX q o n y TPORHK))) MeTa@ o ~ ~ ~ Y ~ cnepeHOCHOr0 Ko~o, 3HaLIeHklR H OAHOBpeMeHHO rOBOpAT HemyChfbICJIeHHO, YTO aBTOpy ( ( C . ~ O B3~T O) )rpeseCKOe CnOBO 6b1no ZI3BtXTHO B CBOeM TeI)MklHO?IOTkl9eCKOM l l 0 3 T O ~ O ~ I . ~ C Z K 3HaaeHElI1, OM LITO, B CBOEO 09epeJ0, q e 6 y m 6 o s ~ m o r oBOCKmIL(aTeJIbHOr0 3HaKa. A o 6 a ~ n e t n i e((spec% ~ nom Ha ropb~))amop n p w a m ~ m a @ o p ~ s e c KOMY 06 OPOTY Pea-rII.ICTI.I4eCKYEO,T ~ o T ~ ~ ~ I . I ~3HaYkIMOCTb. ~ c K ~ T O B cosmamB c n e ~ n a p a p o a a ~ ~uue~~bm o f i Mropesa noxona cmoacKaTH QaAa T~MYTOPOK~HR)) I.f ((O~I.IAOC~, B O C ~ . X ~ C K ~ BKpbL%IIMI.I III~~~ Ha CkiHeM MOP&)),3Ta T ~ o I T ) ~ I $ ~ ~3HaLIIIMOCTb, ~ I ~ c K ~ R KOHeYHaR TOLIKa ((TpOnbITpoRHa)) OnpeAe.E3€TCR A 6 n x ~ KaK o ~ T ~ M Y T O ~ ) O((POK~H~, m a neaua TPOHH~)). B 1094 r., nocne Toro, KaK Ojrer C ~ ~ ~ o c n a s a s OCTaBkin T ~ ~ ~ Y T O P rAe O KOH ~ HKIIRXI.III ~, M H O r O JET, OHa CHOBa, BTORTHO, nepemiIa n o n m p n c m m BH~~HTI.$ICKO~~ nMnepm, KOTopaR B ncTopnsecKoM nnaHe Hmorna He oma3b1~anacbOT npmeH3m Ha crapym, OcHoBaHqio ewe B BpeMeHa M a , rpesecKyIo Kenom m r e p ~ o ~ a c cM a . BO BpeMeHa ccb~lmnOnera C ~ x ~ o c n a s n s a , n nocne ero ~ o ~ ~ p a w ecym ~ n no x , H a m m e Ha nesaTn ero cynpyrn OeoI$a~nnM y s a n o ~n npyroii 6y.me c nMeIleM M n x a ~ m a ~T~b" ~ y TOPOKaHb BXOmJIa B COCTaB CeBeI)O¶ePHOMOpCKIIXT&PI)IITOPI.I~~ nMnepan. HanoMkiHaR ~ O X H¶TO Y , OH B CBOe BpeMR, BepORTHO, > Tene, non yrpo7oji noTepu CBOHX CBepx'bemecmeHHbIx cnoco6~ocrefi c yrpeHHm K ~ E I K O Mnmyxa. H ~ C O M H ~ HB HXO YA , OTeCTBeHHOM ~ 7 0 6 p a ~ e ~ WnOJIOUKOr0 Ei KHR3R B ((CJIOB~)) (W B JI~ToITHcH) OTpa3IZmCR KOMn-WKC HapOJ@lbIX BOCTOYHOpOMaHCKMX R WaBRHCKMX ~ I P ~ A C T ~ 0BC~ TP~ CIH PMW X -~ ~
O ~ O ~ O T H I I X - K O ~ ~ X - B Y ~(cp. A ~naT. ~ ~ K s ~~ I X~ X ( -
((CMnyXaD, BbICaCbIBaIOqaR,
no
(
~
JIaTWHCKAM nOBepbRM,
no
~ ((COBBY, ) ~
HOYaM
K ~ O yam&, B ~
~$p.strige - ccsaMnkpn, ccsypganaKn, ((KO-H), non p m y ~ a i i c ~ ncTpaHax x BOCTOYHOGw Ue~Tpa.rraaofiEspomr B XVI-XVII BB. no onpeneneHEW r. M. K a 6 a ~ o ~ o fKMep~~b1ji i, cT~WTOG llpeACTaBJIIIeT ~ 0 6 0 i i BbIXOAXII&?rO W7 MOlXJlbI IIOKO&JHK~,BaMIlEipaH. %oE ~TplT0fi npH
.~YMB~Po I Xc o 6 e ~ ~ pacnpocTpaHeHkie oe B
PORAeHMIl HepeAKO nOMeYeH KaKNM-TO lTpW3HaKOM, POpJ3TCRB ((CO-
pome)), cp. pomJImoe ( ( R ~ B ~ H OBcecnasa. H C ~ p ~ r oMfOi R ~ TnpeBpa-
,
C B M A ~ T ~ 0J Cywe~CT~~ 6onee paHHklX LTpenCTaBneHHii 0 TaKOrO PO@
4aTbCX B XkIBOTHblX, B TOM YMCne, B BOJDCa.
s r ~ a 6ecnpemox~b1ti b n a ~ e m ~ b rHanpaBneHna, ti
C T B O B ~ H I'Opa3AO ~
K &CAM% 6 % n o Y h RA%KOM%
O ~ O ~ O T HB~ repMaHCKHX X H @ ~ ~ H I Q ' ~ C K HaPOmblX ZIX nOBqlbRX
X ~ ne Kro@@:o
sa~nrapax ZImI B O I I K ~ X - O ~ O P O T H I I X- IIkIIIIYT. P ~ ~ H H~O P IH O M C K HB~(~( K ~ H o H ~ ) ) (OK. 900 r.) n 6ypxapm BopMcKafi B ((Ae~pme)) (OK. 10 10 r.). Ewe 6onee p a w e e onpenerreHne noHaTkla ((CTPZIKC)) O ~ H ~ P Y X W B ~ ~ T C I I y A e q r r ~ aM a r ~ ABCOHNII a (3 10 394), naTkrHcKoro n o 3 ~ TOG a nepenpnBorsMT
X O ~ O '3nOxM, G KOrAa
cccTpwrax)) &I ccrraMmx),
--
aHTkIKIHaXpCrll.lIlW, YrIOpHO COnpOTkIB.WXCb,
nOCTeneHH0 116 e 3 ~ 0 3 B p a ~ YLTyna-Td ~0 MeCTO XPWCTkIaHCTBY. B ((Tex-
HonerHuax)),B rnaBe 10,O repoax, C. 25-26, A B C O H ~nnwm: F~ Bcex r y n o ~ l i r uaparuaeti ,rpexTe.moe rymrwe @NB C ~ W H KaCB, ~a-men o ~ c ~ o"rme t i q b r n a n r i i s m a a ynbIpb CT~HKC (nep. M. n. Tacn a p o ~ a )M . H O ~ O C T ~ ~CTpHcEyCbl A ~ . ~ HB ~ B pycri.
as-sa n p o c T p a H H o r o
((a)),HO o , i i o n p e x r e H H o ,
cc~o.m~fi)), T. q
CBeTOno C B X 3 u C A n o l r v o ~ o h ~r C M ~ ~ ~ C K Z ((CNJIIOWMM, I M 3 a p ~ bO 1 ~~ ~ ~ ~ I - ~ ~ I Un Io Ir O n ~C e pO mM p a r) n~~ )~ ,nYTO h l , B nomeimejj:
CBeTlLTIO)),
C'VOKe n O n
X o p c o ~H a A O n O H I I M a T b IIMelXHO
B T e K C T e HCyCTpaH1,IMO CTpyKTj'pa: JllOlcdBII
-(
C0.lme.
I I p U C y T C T B Y t T U T p f X b R aKpOCTClILIHaR
c ~ J ' K ~ R ~ I 'IT0 ~ ~ ) )M, 0 ) K H O n O H H M a T b K a K M O ~ onpenemTb O npoMemyToK c 1 383 no 1 389 rr-. Teope~krsec~e B O ~ M O noIiBneHne ~ O B 3 ~ 0 ~ n e p nno ~ n a ~ o r o - Apyroro, TO npmannexanlero He Co@oranonpon3senem, KoTopoemnnocb npyroii~~cxonHOGT o Y K o ~ ~BCT'BJIeHkIR I)a3JMYHbIXP ~ A ~ K U( ( ~U~~A o~ H - ~ I ) ) , HO H e CJIeAyeT yMHOXaTb 6ecnone3~0 MHIlMbIe CYIlJHOCTW, TeM 6onee -TeKCTOJIOr~eCMe. @ BKTOPOM, AOnOJTHHTe.%HO Cy XaIolUuM BpeMeHHofi
AMHT-
HHTepRaJI C03AaHHR n p 0 ~ 0 r p a @ a ( ( ~ ~ A o H w H ~ ~ )M )O , XeT CJIYXAT
AyhiaTb, n 0 H B H O ~ aH ~aJIOTPXN
co c n a ~ o 9Mropm u ero 6 p a ~ yB c e ~ o n o i ~ yB )pa3mmb1x cnacKax c c 3 a n o ~ u n ~ b r )no >, n p r r ~ o ~ c~ y b ~ c nonpe~ene& y ccllncamie Cog o ~ n cTapua a p m a ~ q a )(K-E), ) ((C~a3amxe C a @ o ~pesama, a ncnw caHa PYCKRM K H I I ~ ~ noxsana)) M (C), ccItoxeana e e m o ~ y~ ~ 2 3 1 0
na n n e ~ p aBWM-
He OTHOC~TCII,
IPOMKJW ((CJIaBY)),HO TaKXe W ((XaJIOCTb-YnPeK))MXHkIIIM CBMO-
nJIaHeKHR3R A ~ n ~ p M mO. C K O B CKHX'lb, K ~ ~ CC.TM OIlFIpBTbCR Ha AdH-
PHI0
AOHCKO~O TO
~ O M O H O C O BllpeAnpkIHRlI ITOnbITKy BOCCJIaBHTb AeRHHR
rnicamcb B C T O ~
-yn0MklHa~ii er0
A U M U T ~M~B R~ H O B P I Y ~ITOCKOJbKY , nOXBa-
!%I ((6yfi~blMW 1YCJIeHHbIMI.ICJIOBeCaMkI))rOCynapCTBeHHOhly AeRTe-
O ~ X O ~ M O TO~ P O C N T ~BPRA : JIM k1 B
@OHMII
aBTopcmo B 3 a r n a ~ m pqqa C ~ I C K O B
( ( C K ~ ~ ~0HMH~HM ~ ~no6onue)) B O M XV XVI BB. HaAO npWXOmTb K ~ a n 6 o n e eB ~ ~ O R T H O M pY e m e m , YTO p m a ~ e uuepefi Co+o~uCi- peanaHo cyuec~sosasmni3amop n p o n ~ ~ e n e mp xn ~ o p m o - n o w ~ ~ YecKoro xapamepa, conepxaBmo B m a r i p o ~ om~a w , BO ~ c r n c o ~ c y a e n no ~ p a h e fMepe, i n o m a ~ ya, mnn q k m , uro OH o p n m t POBancR B CBOeM TEoI)%L%'~~~ Ha AOCTaTO'MO n0JlHb6 m C O K ((CJIOB~ o nomcy Mropese)), TO n xanocra-map. O r p m r ~ a x c bT O . ~ K O nomanoti, Hano c m n , YTO oHa c 0 3 n a ~ aeue npt1 mman MOCKOB-
JracTu pasBelma, a He mTepaTypb1:
MW neCHbMkl ZI 6~W~b1hlPl ( ~ O R H O B ~ L M HC ) C;IOBeCbI B nOXBaJIy
6 p a ~ yel'o KW3H) B n a m ~ e p yO ~ e e s W -
.m>))(M- 1), no y K a n a m m Ha em
1
OTCYTCTBHe B
Hefi
BClncuX CJIefiOB P I ~ ~ @ . ~ I ~ KBcTo OP BXeHkIR H a PYcb
rpoworo T a ~ e p n i l ~ (1395 a r.1 w s woi3 csmn coBeprueHHo ecTecmeHH~IX n name ~ e ~ 3 6 e x ~~b Jl xIaBTopcKoro I~ pemrno3~o-~opam~apymuero m l ~ yu n o ~ n ~ a m0t Yyne i Bnaw~P1pc~oti mo~bl60roMaTepH.
Y T O ~ I~l OIn O X H T b JIOI'MrleCKHe
I
OCHOBaHIIX B B03BeAeHHYIO XPO-
HOJIOrHYt?CKylO KOHCTp)'KI[MM, B e p I I Y C b K p a C C M O T p e l I H O M y BbIUlG YWCt'KJ' I'eKCTa C ynOMEIHaHlIf3M HMeHkl CO(POHIIX CI ~ ~ M O J I K 6b~r10 L ~ I ~ ~
M-1 : ((MR Ke IlOMIIHY E a o ~ 1 . epea r ~ p e ? a ~ ~R[ n0ma.y a n e C H b M n PI r y c n e m I M n II 6yaw1mos e c b l H cero semutoro ~ ~ 1 1 3 ~ A ~ ~k ri sr ap ~eo as a ~11l a6 p a ~ ero a Bnam l h r e p a Owpeesnra, npamyxa T e x ~ ~ m e f3 ia ,~ e x oe T n a n o ~ y x h CTBO MX ki n e H H e BX I.1 KHR7eM PYCKkIhf 7 8 ' H M J W P~CKYKI I1 3 8 B e p Y K p e L T b a H c K p OT Kaxarbc~nm p a T n AO M a M a e B a no60nua nm 1 6 0 ) ) no-MO~MY, I l e P e B O A , ~ ~ K o I I c T ~ Y CMbILJ ~ ~ P 3TOI'O ~ I u ~ @parI ~ ~ h l e H T a , AOJDKeH BbIIIIIX,@Xb T a K : ((A Xe IlOhfRliy CO()OEDIH kiepe5I pa3 a w a sa ero nowa!y n e c m n r y c r l e m b u l u n IILLWMI crIoBaMn cero nermoro K H R A~ h~ f n ~ p ~Mms a ~ o s a r an 6 p a ~ ero a Bnamr~npa A E I , a p e e ~ n r a , n p a B H y K a T e x K H R ~ G (no~epnesrunx ~ ~ , nopaxeHne H a Karme), ~ O C K O . ~ I (AO ~ K ~H e r o - CO()OHHR) ~ ~ M O , ' I K T I O n ,p e K p a T N nocb o r Ka-rnc~ofi p a T k I no M a h ~ a e s no6ouqa, a H a I 60 x e T ( E I ~ I ~ H H O H a 160 Jim = 1383 - 1223) BO?Be-rII.lr1I.IBaHIIe hIyXGCTBa ki neIIElG C n a B ( s a p ~ l anponano ~~: M Y X ~ C ~ B OPIX H q q a n l i I o c b n e ~ 1 1 e ) n w 7 b mpycLWlM K a K 7 a m M d M lehIJlZi P Y C C KElOB~q~b I XPACTFIRHCKO~~)),QHr e h i E I H T e p B a A B 160 flCT yTOIIHHGT n e p T b I B B n e H n I I C R a B , nOCKO.Tlh~y cortrae~neC o @ o ~ ~conepxano, ur aeporr-rao,naTy ero H a n a c a H l m . C J K ~TOG I me h1blc:rn H~KOB'O p e m o p c K o r o rtpo~orpac)apanm-I B c o o m e m y m m e M ( ) p a r ~ e l l ~Cen I I c K a C, M e m c I I e O C K O . ~ Mee B Y H K-6. M EOXHR ((Cxose o nomcy Mropese)),a B nosmnx cmlceax ( ( ~ ~ A o H I I U . I H ~ I )~) O R H El C O + O H IY I n~O C T a I I B ~ W I ' C RnO.XBa.ml ( ~ I OH e CJIaBbI PYCCKHM KHR3bRM, HatIpkIhjfZp, K TeKCTy
I
XOJIJlTb R K O H ~ O ~ M M ~ C K O - ~ ~ ~ E I O T I . N ~ C K OP MB e W CTaPbIX OAOllUCUeB I1 n e C H e T B OpUeB. l l p e m a r a e h l a a CMbIcrIoBaa ~ KOI.0
e.
'
I
fiono.mIkrTem-
F ~a m~a 613BCR-
0 nepBOIiaYa.nHOM
no Mx CBeAeHHRM n . 3 4 MHeHlUO, TeKXV-XVI BB., B o T m I 1 i I l e OT rxeKOTOpblX COBpeMeHHblX ((co6npa~eneii r l ~ e ~ H fCOCnaTbCX i ~ , B 'lamaBIIR HJlZI L? CaMOM TeKCTt: H a kiMH a B T O p a H O ~ ~ ~ K T W BOUGHtITb HO er0 . m i T e p a T y p H b I e 3aciryrI.I. He M e H e e onpeneneaeo obrpncosbrsamca, YTO c c n l ~ c a CO()OHI.IR>), ~~e K ~ 6b10110 K B c B o e BpeMa H e H ~ ~ L I R ~ CBOH) P e A a K U I M ) OT aBTOPCKOT0,
c T a , H c Z I m a m CBOWM A O . ~ O Myxe B
T p a m l U I I O f l e H H I l 3 a C i r y X e H H b l X ((CnaB)) pyCCKHM KHR3bRhf.
II~I)),yxe coaepxan
n o T I e 3 ~ 06ynm C p a B H M T b M O e n O t 5 i M a H W e C COOTBCXCTBYIOIQHM
BOW
n0xoa.y-cna~yn 0 6 e ~ 1 ~ 1 ~Hea. m none ~ Kymo-
H,noxa4@, n p e w e B c e r o nomany, n o T o M y YTO k r M e I m o eos-
poweeneTpammaI
MecroM B PeKoHcTpywnH
~ O C
- O p n r H H a J l , J I e x a ~ fBi HCXOAe BCeX CnkICKOB ( ( ~ ~ A O H I I ~ I -
KOpOYe -
H a H H b I e M 3 1 P b I CYP1TaH)T BO?MOW(llbIM p a 3 B J I e K a T b CBOWO UlEipOKOrO
O more H
ZI J I ~ K C I I ~ I ~ C H K~HM~~ H ~ E I I .RI H ncxomb~iio 6 p a 3 e q , K o H e r H o o T n e m . r m
110 B b I p a X a f l C H 3 a T O , 9 T O OH nOC-rIG n O J E O T O H q e p b I B a B 0 3 P O A K l I
JI. A. A h ~ n T p k l e s a(B ero xe n e p e ~ o ~ e ) : ((3Xe n 0 M H H Y p a 3 a H U a C O + O H Hkl ~BOCXBaIIIO IleCHIIMI.1, n O A 3BOHnxfi l ~ a a r p b r r rymefi, n H a l r r e r o se.moro ~ ~ 1 1 9 & 1 1~ T ~ I P I I Mea~osnR 9a k I 6 p a ~ ero, a KH11711 B n a m ~ ~ n Awpeesnra, pa nOTOMKOB CBRTOI.0 BeJJMKO1.0 KHII3R B n a m l ~ n p aKPIGBCKO~O. B o c n o e ~A e X H H a ~ ~ ~ 3 e PJ'CCKEIX, nOCTORBUlWX 3 8 B e P Y X P U C T N ~ H C K Y K ) ! A O T K a m c ~ o f i ~ H T B A~0I M a M a e B a no6onura CTO WeCTbAeCRT Jim)). BOT TaIUPvM (OBOHKKhM vCJleH1lbIMH HaFiIpbllUahCkD> H a I I M npki3-
K
AOUMHbI>>, BHOCkiBUlMe T e a m 1 FIHbIe K O h I n 0 7 H ~ O H H b I e ,ChlbICnOBbIe
7 a C I ~ ~ W @ I Y ~ C K .rIEITeptiTyl)HYIO, W
CO(~OHIW xe nomana
G
I1 naTPNOIIIYeCKOT0 3BOHa nO7BOJllItT COCTa-
sme pe~amopcxoficmoma~n,n)
[email protected] 0 6 1 , x c ~ ~Ca M ~ I Cn~EICXOAI q w JIOIXN~CKJW C B ~ H O L TAamoro ~ w a m a ~mcra, B TOM Lmcneo T s e r a m H a ~ortpoc,KaK n o - y w r ~ o c b YTO , r i m C o ( ) o m m s a m n I a t s r k x e c r o paAOM C Be-rWCkIM KHll?ehf, M IIpkIYeM T y I ' I L K O ~((IIeYMeCTHbIe>) ~I 160 nCT. Ewe p a 3 n o m B e p w a m c x , v o n e p e n k r c s m a n p e A a K r o p b r a3a-
( ( ~ J l a ~ b l ) ) !ki ) YIlOMZIHaHkIR 3 1 TO, IITO OHH TBOpIl.rM ((CJIaBbI)) El ((BGlUI-
~ O ~ T F I ~ AerrTe.rraHocTL, I ~ C K ~
6 ~ - M OQ'~CTIeHHOrO O
BI-rZb AOBO.TlhH0 O ~ O C H O R ~QIeIAH C TO a B~n e H H e
-
YaHHR)) PyCCKMM KHI17bBM, T .
cneunamaoro r n T a T e m . 0. B. T B o p o r o B xom 6 b 1 c r a B m ~ortpoc o cmy~e;cr~ocm) B b I p a x e m NOT Kana T C K ~ Rp a m AO M a ~ a e s a no6onua 160 J E T > > . A ~ n T p n e BYCMJlMBatT 3 T Y ((HeYMeCTHOCTb)) Bbl,&?JIeHHeM ~ a T H p y ~ u eafoip ~ y . T I h 1B OTAeJIbIlOe QejIJlOXeHHe, HI.IKaK, HM CnHTaKCklYeCKH, HI1 no C h f b I q H e CBR3aHHW CO CMGXCHbJhi KOHTCKCTOM, HO a e n n o m e p K n s a t x ee, c J I e n y a crrnc~yY, n p o T k r s n Te-TIhHblM C O M 3 0 M ((a*. Ecnn P a C C M a v K B a T b ~ T O T C X J ' YKaK ~ ~ ~p e 3 y J I b T a T Q a K T k i Y e C K O r O Q I l M e H e H H R Ti%pmFI€ZKHX I T o J I o T ~ C~l pm0~ M ~ H A ~ L I &(WXCTOfiOIWI ~ e n H e p y ~ ~ K JJHTepaTj'pbI>), 0 f i T O no M H e JIyYUle BepHJ'TbCX K ~ 0 6 p o fc~ap0fi i ((KpIITUKe TeKCTa)), YeM IlpeBOCPI
crra~~ m 3 b m - n 0 6 e m r r e ~ l l 1 ~s ,a u m H m a M PycCO@OHE~.
C K O 3~e~Y J M I1 XpUCTHaHCTBa, W CTaBMTCR B 3 a C J I y r Y
A e m K 3 ~ 0 ini o m a n e - c r l a s e A O ~ ~ B H( ~T~~~ I ~ Y L - x ~ J I oKOcT~)), no M H e H I m M a 3 o ~ aa 3n~1nra,c o c T a B m t T conepxame cmlcK a E a p o c n ~ aT, O n e p I % ~ ~ a Y a . L l h ~ bxl af i~ p 0 B b l f COCTaB i CO1lHHetIHR C O + Ortpno6pe~am ~ B n o m e ~ m e c m ima i c p e m e ~ e ~ o ~3nnofi Topax,
f i
Y e c K o f i J M T e p a T j ' p b 1 X a p a K T e p , n 0 ~ 0 6 H b l f iCOCTaBJ'
( t C J I 0 B a 0 IlOJlKy
Mropese)),CO B c e M n BblTeKaIoU44MH 0 T C H ) n a IIOcJIeACTBEIHMH piur TeKC T O J I O ~ H 9 e C K N XB ~ ~ ~ ~ M o o T H ((CJIOB~)) o I I I ~ HH~( ( ~ ~ A o H I @ M H ~ I ) ) .
Mom0 q
WIC5l rOJIbK0 CBOCTO
HanPkIMeP,
K P O M e ((CnaBbI)),HaAO PaCUeHkiBaTb
XaHpOByIo O K p a C K y CJIenyIoU[MX YYaCTKOB
cm~c~a? X a s o p o n o m nmqa,
pBvn
rOROpaTh,
opAn s o c ~ e r u w r ~ . ,
~b160p~ofi H3 ( ~ ~ W C ~ H C FM MOHEIMD,HO MOX-
y6emmcm, sT0 N ~ K ' I J I o - ~ o CmICOK ~ ~ ~ c K BORCe He npeAcTaarIlleT ~060fiC ~ . X O I W IiCKWYrRaHo O~~ (mrIil1D>ki 06Hapyxam B H ~ M crrem ~ 0 p p e . ceTeKcToM (Cnosa o nomy Hropese)) R t ~ a s a m ~ o cpem~efi ii. &I~onesnofi ero sacTH, me p a 3 ~ e q a e ~ cccn'acn sa)) Mropm C ~ m ~ o c n a ~ nn s6yp a ~ yero Bcesonony . He'3aB~~lIhio HO HeIIOCpeACIBeHHO
OT 3TOr0, KaK,
r A A q H CgOH
o m npemonoxem o TOM, nosehiy mom o r p w l -
60A4H Pp33n0 BOWTh, Ancnqn vacro spe~llyra, vawra noslqy na nor a n q m . . .
~ ~ ~
M c ~ o . T ~ ~ o RB~ (H( ~ H~~A I~ O I U ~O~ AHO C PO )A ) HbIe no CBOeMy + p a s e o n o r n s e c ~ o ~oy6 m ~ ynpeWromeHam n p e ~ c ~ a s - wuenem~ HaITpaBlreHHyIo B M ~ O P K Y 113 pa?.rM%3bIX MeCT ((CJIOB~)), AaIOLIII.IX O ~ C a H F l enOBeAeHWIl 3Bepefi H ITTFIII, KOTOpOe B ((CJIOB~)) HHTep-
K w ~ ~ J L ~ o - ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ npmnpymcm c K o ~ o K a K n p o r ~ o 3 ~ p y 1 o ~ unepe e, ~ c ~ a 3 b 1 ~ a m ~e6na1-o~qee q r n ~ m ~~ IfCiX O AnpejmpHsTns Mrops. C O + O H M1.1cno.m3ym ~~, UeHT O H H ~ IM ~eT ~OA, ~ a 6 w p a mC O O T B ~ C T B Y I O I((~l'p0M~eJIb~bIfi)) Q~~~~
6% Kpacnua Ann y7-b~a, s 3 ~ no4 n cnnne o s ~ a ~ u , non cnasy s e ~ n r o m y~ n a s wA m - r p e w Heanoenvw n s p a r y ero f i ~ o ~ n ~ On~pQeenvw. epy
MaTwarIn ncno.rIbsyeT
ero rrpmIMeme.mHo K c ~ o e ikIAefiH0fi i 3ana-
¶e B n P B M O nPOTllBOnOJIOlKIIblX UeJIIIX --
mI B ~5IJlJI4efi~ M T B ~H.
)JJX
lTpeACKa3aHkIX 1-10612-
W ~ KCTeneHb ~ B PaCXOmeHMB neKCnseCKOr0
COCTaBa A, n0 CYI4eCTBY, nOJIHaB COXPaHHOCTb C M H T ~ K C ~ I W ~ C K O
( P O P M ~Ae.rIaK)T I nl)eAe.rIbHO H I I J K O ~BePOBTHOCTb Pa3PbIBa nMCbMeHH0fi TpaANUEIA B nveXOAe ~ a ~ ok1~@0phIa4klW fi W'3 TeKCTa KaKOrO-TO cpemeseKoBorocnlrcKa (tC.moaa))B TeKm ( ( ~ ~ A o H w ~ I ~name I ) ) . B He~ O I I ~ W O no M o 6 a e ~ yP, e ~ I p O B a H H O M CrnlcKe K-6 .IkimO AomoB-
Gnasnn nmqa, u r o s u ecn sblqetcorarra cna ~ t s as p a ~ a , Aea cuna ~ O A L H ~ A O B U , AH;~PQIII I ~ A O B E~Tt ~ r r~pOn ,Epanbcraro. a
HbIX ~ ~ W M C T B O B ~ H ZW I 3~ ~> TaKXe B
PYCCKOGT H ~ H I I K H R X ~ ~ K Npacnpeji X H ((HecTpoeHHfi)), TaKXe KBK H ~ L I I ~ C T B((ITOraHbIX)), N~~ C IIJ~~ITKOM XBaTanO noTaTomo 6bm0 B
BOAOB ti peaaHblx my no^ LUZII noRaneHuH ~ I ~ O H ~ B ~ A ~ I-IPPI~LIHIIH, BaBUerO K eAHHCTBY CHJl PYCCKNX KHRXCCTB, TeM
6onee,
YTO
6naro~ap~b~ r ici ~ o p m e c wndpi n ~ e p s@@ema TaKoro emlemm 6bm
YHce Ha-0.
BCRZICTOPAH P ~ CXV H seKa2"A0 BOUapeHkfH M B ~ 111 H ~
HanOJlHeHa 6bma XecTOrulMA M ~ ~ O ~ C O ~ H B O~~ ~I HMB M HAH KpOBa-
BarMn pacnpmn cblaoaeii kr B H ~ K O BAMHTP%UI AOHCKO~O, noKa He cc@op~nposanaca Hosaa Tpamiwx MocKoBcKoro npecTonoHacnewrr M H e yKpennnacb enrHonepxaBHaR e n a m MOCKOBCKOI'O B e m o r o ICHXJR. npaaaa, sa ycTaHosmrrreeca BpeMeHHoe 6narone~crsne Pycn, 3a s36asneme OTHa6el-OB(rnoraHbIx)),38 yAmneHlle EiH03eML[eB, NOT-
c opMrnHana XIV B.)), HO nepen T ~ Ha3bmaehloM K ( ( c r o m eHa ~ Yrpe~ 1480 r.275. A B e r n T k l KOllHpOBaHUki B Pj'KOIIHCb ((CJIOBBY MOrJIkI n o n a m He T O ~ K Oop@orpa@~l.recme, HO n n a c m m e , cnmicrn-
KyAa B3RnaCb HeOXkmaHHO TaKaR M O u H a R AepXaBa,), HapOA 3anBa-
B
C B O ~ O A O ~TOT ~. TIIXWHG((BbIXOA))OH nJIaTkIT U nOHblHe, a, cym no HanpasneHPw pamnTnx HOBO^^ ~ O C C P I ~ ~ C((AeMoKpaKO~~ Tnn)),roToB lUIaTklTb n B 6 m x a b e 0 ~6 0 3 p m i o ~6 y ~ y 1 4 eorrpaB~, jT&lBaRCBO& ~ o . ~ T % F I ~ HH@~HTPLJI~HOCT~IO cKo~ BCH) r0peqb BollPoca ~ H M H H-~ c(Aa n o ~ k l ~ i iH~y xe H, a ,m oHa, C B O ~ O A B~ ,O O ~ W ~ ? M 6 b ~ n aJIM OHa K O ~ A ~ - H M ~ HYa~C@B R T O ~Pycn?)) K ~ HapouHo, K B rraqane XV B., B 1424 r., 26 ~ O H 6bmo R conHewoe 3 a m e ~ l * eOTMeqeHHoe , B HOB~OPOACKOMneTonncaBnn (HOBropoAcKaR 1 neTonncb Mnamero I I ~ B O A ~ ) . Mcropnrec~aaJIeKCH3COJlOrAR TaKXe BpOAe 6br AaeT HeKOTOpbIe apIyMeHTb1B nOJIb3y 6ojlee nO3merO @ O P M ~ ~ ~ O BT~eK HCT ~ a~C1800. R OCO~~H CM HYO IUaeT B 3TOM OTHOUleHliH Ha-MqkleB TeKLTe C 1800 TaNIX, yxe Y ~ O M Z I I - I ~ B W I X C RCJIOB, IiaK X H H O BXnHcKnr, ~, momnqa (npn
PaTypHbIe Ei .nHHrBkICTCISeCKHe XaPaKTepkICTHKH BpeMeHkl OYepeA-
XV B.,
c I 800 m~Zi xrv, n xv B. B ~
B 3TOM CMblae T ~ K C T
TIIn CBO&
sae ( Toro
Y,
338
TaKxe He cTaprrrnx
XVII ~
,.
nepeBOAa-
MW npowseae~&B ~ ~ ~ H ~ C aBTopoB, K H X B ~ o jni m moi3 CTeneHn oTpaxasluMx cmxeTbr
a m m ~ o i ~i n + o n o r n n ,mi60 nepeBoAaMn
naMRTHtIKOB CpemeBeKOBba H a CWXeTbl aHTUqHblX MM@OB ( B ~ P O -
Bo-BTOP~IX, o c o 6 e ~B ~ aom o nOA'IepKHyTb, ¶TO,PaCCyWaR 0 ~ H ~ K O MApeBCTB~ ~ e iPycn i c a ~ m o f~in @ o n o m e jHA i , B K O ~M Be p e H ~ . J I ~nonxo~R qeM, TO Kacaexx T O ~ K O cmmeTa TpomcKoro 3noca).
B.
B
E.A.
n.rn @ a . m ~ n ~ m c a u m XOTR ))~ B~ nep~ofi ~ nonoBme O o ~ yxe a ynpeKan M m p o n o m a K-w-
npecBnTep
~ W I I O C O $~HTMYHOCTM), OB OHa AOBOJIbCTBOBanaCb mIIIb
B IlPIlMeHeHHA K 40l)Me
Y
xe BeKa
6 ~ 1 Om~ P ~ ~ O B ~ H H O C IZi% I O npomm @ ~ O C O I $ O M , OH B C B O mcanm ~ wmpyer r o ~ e p an, n a ~ o H a n ApnCTo~m.T ~ He M MeHee, nonoxeene Aen B 3 ~ 0 i 06nacm i 0 6 p n c o ~ b 1 ~ a e ' 0. r c ~B. T B O P O ~ OT BaK ~:I ((Bo-~~ep~brx, M LlpeBHepyCcrcaa.mmpaqpa He maria B nepeBone~nomoro naMffnunca npeBaerpeuec~oiirnITepaTypb1 (R He Kacamcb @ p a m e ~a3 ~ coo~s m e ~ n i i
nOnbITKA O ~ H ~ P Y X I I T ~
He ~ 0 6 a s ~ u n o ~ M~ y~c m B -~I~I~IHCKOrO C M C K a , B YaCTHOCIM, C. M.~ ~ B ~ H O B C K O ~ O , B J( a Ip ~w ~ A a -~ T I ~ ~ ~ o p amorpa@nn, ) B K O T O P O ~noxBnnocb ~ Ha C B ~ TnepBoe n 3 ~ a m e ctCnosav, onpeAenmmero ero norepK (6 b) 1, 9 ~ 0f l a ~ I p y e M O MKOHUOM 20-x TT. XI 9.: C W v U I O ~~H B ~ ~ M % CKAKO R , OTI. nepcTn cos,qa~.s.re~os+~a, K ~ K Oospas n posno~n.rnnnEX . r e ~ o e + u a c r t n ~ . a A n q n p , a q e n B e c a M n p % coB O h ~ I l n T bH , e ECn 8 % 0AnH.a 0 6 p a 3 % , HO K b l n me CBOnM% A n q h 0 6 p a 3 0 M % , IlO Eomnn Mv,!$OCTn ( n a ~ p e ~ ~ bn et T ~ 0 n EcI C ~b )a. ~TOT MOTEIB g y A a p a 3 ~ 0 0 6 p ~ 3 1 1 5clCmOBe9eCKMX 1 mlu n p r l o 6 u 1 e h 1 EiX nono6un A o c r a T o w o p a c n p o c r p a H e H B 3anamoenponefic~oCin o s s l w l EI cpenH ~ B ~ K O BI ~Oo ~B ~~ K W ~ C T E ~ ~(~( C( K ~ Oo ~~ ~o JIereH.&+)) T~R ~ K O At: B Bopa~ rEiHe) kl ~ I ~ K T E I Y ~ cn K P OO3 ~e XIII-XIV ~ BB. O W ~ K BellOXTFIblM O eTO MCTO~IIEIKOMc y q e ~ npeMeHI.1 o~ n p e m o n a r a e M o r o c o . s n a H u n ((noYqeISElR)) M O X m C - V X E I T T p a K T a T M I . I H ~ ~ I @ % W J H K C ~( ( O K T ~ B HB~ ~ ) ) , B
-
0 6 p a 3 ~ 0 - ~ t ~ a ~ o p ~ l rCen cI -m x ,
I
B a X M 06pasax ( ( ~ ~ A O H I U E I H ~MI ~O)X t X 6 b 1 ~ h B 0 3 B e A e H O K BHT119HOMY
1
P O B a H H b l X 0 T p a T e ~ M f ai H T H q H b I X MOTHBOB
Hamemno,
asmeTcm E
HXeTCR HOBblM, AOlIOJIHMTe.JlbHblM ~ 0 3 n e f i
p o n e f i C ~ 3noce. 0 ~ T ~ K E IOM~ ~ ~ J Oa HMT E,l q H b I e pe(pJIeKCb1 B BCe-TaKlI, CaMMM $ ~ K T O M C B O e r O ~ E I C ~ C T B E IBRTGKCTaX B O P R T n P O T M B ((HOBOTOM EIX n O I l B n e H U R B TGKCTe B o ? ~ p a m a n c bK
XV B.,
1
oueme BOJMOTHOCTM
6onee p a H -
')Tor0 MOTMBB.
P O B e H h OCBenOMIIeHHOCTM pyCCKklX KHEIXHHKOB B a H -
CKEIS ~ 1 3 ~ 3 eKf emlHeHI.IK) i
0 6 ~ M 6~ e ~ 3 6 e x a ~ Kom~) K H o r o nena nocne T a T a p c I c o r o H a u r e c r s m a paspyCIIMTWIbHOrO er0 BJIHXHMH H a 3KOHOMEIqXKYIO H K Y J I b T J P H y t O XE13Hb pyCCKHX KHRXeCTB, A O J I T e H 6b1n B O 3 P a C T M lT0A B J M R H H e h i OXEIBMBUIMXCR K O H T a K T O B C ASOHOM, ~ O ~ T ~ ~ C K M CM~ M~ ~ C K M K MYM JIbTWH ~ I M MweHTpaMI.1, c 3anamofi E~ponori.C ~ p y r o f ci r o p o H b r 6onee UI~OKOB e H y T p e H H e e p a C n p O C T p a H e H M e I I O J I y W r M a H T I I q I 3 b l e CBe-
nomRxeHkIm
((Cno~a)) B
nqlefl JlllUOM B H ~ W H & OnaCHOCTCI YCneIU-
Ta Te CBMBR ( ( ~ ~ A o H w H ~ El ) )&pJXNe npOkI?BCnGliHX, npOC.~aB~WlBUIEIepe3Y.iIbTaTbI n o 6 e n o ~ o c ~ oeAI.IHCTBa ro PYCCKIIS C1l.Q H a K ~ J D I K o B o M nO-'Ie. n p E l 6 e r a ~ K b M a C K a p a m , n e p e O n e B l l H E n 0 TorAaIIlHEIX K H R J D ~ ~06.m1qb~1 K H I I J ~XI1 ~ ~ B., K H e B q l O R T H O C.rIOTHOhIY fiaXe C lnlCT0 J I l l ~ e p a ~ W ~Tow. o f i 3peHEIR nOJlMTkiqXKOMY EIHOCKB3aHLIIO 6b1n0 PeUlEITeJIbHO ~ e 3 a v eHe ~ . r O B O P X Y T 0 XaHPOBO-CTMHO RblnO.TFIRna
1 1
m I c r w l e c K M s , ~ I O ~ T E F I ~ 11 C C~ ~X~ I ~ I ~ ~ J , H L. r,zIIX. w B w x m e c K n x s a p a K -
((C.~IOB~ 0 n O . m y Mrope~e)), K O T O P b I e MHOTAMII XV B. H e CYUJeCTBOBa.'IO
T a K O r O t 1 e o 6 x o m ~ o r COqeTaHELX, o T a K O r O KOMllTIeKCa I l C T O p ~ I Y W K k I ~
H J D ~ T ~ ? ~ ~ T Y Q H ~ I X ~ C J I OKB JO&T, O P ~BlOr ~ RbI'sBaTh K Wl?HM l"lpOM?BefieHHe
~~~~~~~~0 p O A a . Y ~ o B n ~O 3 H T M q~e C K O r O C O B e p U I e H C T B a ( ( C I I O B ~0 M r o p e ~ C.T%IIlIKOM e~ BbICOK & I TeOPEII.1 E l I l p a K T H K M pyCcIC0fi XV 9. H a r n n m b 1 ~n O A T B e p m e H I . l e M 3 T O r 0 MHCHWX M O X e T C q T I l T b . m I ~ e l ) i l ~ y p ~ ~ - ~ y n ~ ~ eMc)r OB ~eeHkb ~BCWO ~bdi KOMn n e K c a n a M m T m o B K Y ~ M O B C K4mna O ~ O M c a M a ((~~AOHIJVIH~)). nO.IJKy
.wTepaTWbI
~ k i 9 ~ 0JInTepaType fi M ~ k i @ o n o r k i k l HeCMOTpX , Ha
H L Iy ~ ~n
XV B., r0-
C 1800.
H ~ O ~ X O A H MnOP M H R T b BO BHEIMaHI-Iel P T O 1)O.m n p H 3 b I B a p y C -
HE1 TRMII n P E I B R 3 b I B a M T er0 K KOHUY XI1 B., B
IUeM 3HaHEIki ~ H T P I ~ HJ I O M T~e ~ paTYPbl MOXHO OTblCKaTb
OH-
IrlkitSel), H e CHkiMaR p a m I K a K b H 0 O T M e q e H H O r O B b I U l e n p O T k i B O p e q l I X ,
TqlEICTHKaX TeKCTa
E1 MEIHYUM~~ @ ~ I k i K c ,Bel)OXTHO, H e COBCeM OpMI'klHaXeH 11 n p E l XOpO-
((Cno~a)) E I . O~ ~ S X C C ~ ~ yTe k I e T~p i i ~ C ( p 0 p h ~ k I o 6 p a l o ~B ?ana&HOeB-
L ~oIT p a x e H M e M T e K c T o B
~ o ~ o p b lHfei 6bm 6bl e M y ~ e o 6 x o g M~ r4l e~ coo6max 6 6 1 e M y 6 n a r o o 6 p a ~ ~Ma rTo . erne y m i s ~ ~ ~ e mB~c eeOHM e : memT O m H a K o B J W SOPMY, 110 y K a m O r O O q e p q e H b l n o - p a 3 H O M y ; B C e MbI CXOXH M e w cocofi, H O HkI O m H H e I I O X O T H a HpyrOI'O)). flpyroe AeJIO, 'IT0 meHal
K XV B.
OA-
- H e H ~ ~ J I W A ~ ~ TBce, C R .qT0 R MOTEI-
K O T O ~ O M , B q a c T H o c r & I , ~OBOPEITCII: c(Y r e n o s e K a He-r HEI e m r H o r o
~ E l f ((nePBOWCT09HEIK)) i
BB.
P e A C T B e H H O r O BO ~ A ~ ~ C T B AB H I IT t I ' I W I X MCTOqHKKOB CLTM WaBIIHCKkiX
HOMaXY E l 0 TOM, T O OHW CO BCeX CTOPOH IlLTIH)T e M y p a 3 l l o o 6 p a 3 ~ b l e C90efi n O K O p H O C T H , C H O B a O T C b l n a e T H a C K
a n a ~ k~i M b a~~ a c c M l . 1
H a K O B COCTaBe ( ( ~ ~ ~ O E I ~ MP H a3~ J I lIl W ) )i M h I X , BPKklX CJIeAOB H e n O C -
A a . m t r e f i r u ~ . ~ iTIe K c T lcCno~ao nora6cm1)), n o ~ e c ~ ~ y r o l u ror i i noiyu-~~e~~ sces o mI Sr a p o n o B ~ Y C C K O MU ~e 3 a p m - Bnamn~~~py Mo-
fiapbl B ? H a K
XPOHIZK~X M O B H H ~M
M BOUleAUlkieB COCTaB PYCCKMX X P O H O ~ T ) ~ $ O B XIII-XIV-XV
~ T O ~ ICOBCeM Y H e ITpOTkiBOpeqHT MJHaVaJIbHO . m T G P a T y p H O e IlpOuCXO~eHHT e a K H a ' I b I B a e M b l X ( ( K a H U e . ~ k I ? M O B b , a ' T a K T e WY-
((3aflemo B TOM, YTO n p @ ~ p m p o ~ a w nc ~m m a H b o c , x a H p o ~ m e c ~ X aip a Kxr e p M c n m pycc~ofir m c b ~ e ~ ~ o cXVrcl
THX ((HOBbIX)) M ((CTaPbIXH 3IIGMeHTOB B CTFIJMCTEfKe El T O n l l K e noemHb1)).
B ~ I XM
XVII
BB. MCl7OJIb30BaJIOCb H e T o m K O C O ~ C T B ~ H ~T IMOT ~q l a T M ) H O e
H a C J I e m G fiOMOHTOJIbCKOT0 n q l k l O A a , H e TOJIbKO T a H P O B O - T e M a T M -
YeCKtIe, IIHH~BkiCTH'leCKIleH op@orpaC@¶ecKkie KOMnOHeHTbI (>:
PeHecTIlCb B MkiP I $ P ~ H ~ Y ~ c K o T TepOEIYeCKOTO o 3nOCa, IIpeACTaBJIeHH O r O TIinkiYeCKIl UZ.MJIOM ReCT 0 rEl.m~hleO ~ ~ H X C KKO OM T O, P ~ I ~
c 6o.mmoii
s e p o ~ ~ ~ o cyxe ~bK r oKOHLIY
HOCTbK) Pa3BkiTblX
@ o ~ M ~TeC xH,O
XI B, cyuIec-rBoBan B nox-
npkihlblKaWl43X K XaHpOBbIM
~ O P M ~~ M p a H L t y 3 ~ ~ EI 0 rHGMeWOrO 0 PbIUapCKOrO CTkIXOTBOpHOrO
poMaHa XII--XI11 BB. T ~ Kccllecm , o o n m o ~ e >HawwaeTcR ) ccoo6 ruemix o BTopmemN CapawHcKoro K O P O . ~A e p a ~ Ha e 3 e ~ . mOpaaUHH. Kop0JIb t(HeBepHbIX)>(YHT~R no-PYCCKH -( ( I I O ~ ~ H ~CO I XCBO)))
ei3 pa-rbro pacnonoxmcx Ha 6epery X ~ n p o ~ a Bb Jlapmase. l OHHaMepeH 3aCTaBkiTb ((MHOTO 6 ~ nptXepneTb>) n XPHCTHaHCKOrO K0pO.m flK)noBEIKa, OH ((THeBaeTCXXpO>>, ~ ~ C Y N H C TABHaMepeBatXCII Y~X HCKOpeHElTa XPMCTAaH:
B e a o ~ onu B a M , PyCKbIM rOCYAapRM. M a ~ a i npnuren i n 3 Bo:~xna; e r a H a peqe H a Bopn~exe: a B c e M CBOHM y n y c o h i l i e senen xne6a n a x a T n . A BeAOMO M O e TaKOBO, YTO X O U e T tlTU H a P Y C ...~ qapb
~ O C ~ O A M KHX3b H~? BtXki~b~k, yxe norawn T a m p o s e H a nom H a H a u r n H a c r y n m T b :
a BOTYUHY HaIlIIO Y HSlC OTHHMaIOTb! cronla M e x w A O H O M ' ~U A H e n p o M b : n0ll~eMH b a p y C K a r 0 KHH3R
I* H a BCIO cnny PYCKYIO, HKO me npn E ; ~ T ~ I6Nb 1 n o KPeCTbRHbCTBO I I O T e p e M % ,
H IJepKBW 6oxna n o n a n t i M , H K p O B b WX'b n P O n b e M b , H 3 a K O H b l NX'b n o r y 6 n ~ b ,
ki CJIOBa KHR3R
M a R TaM Xe:
AMEITPHRI ? B ~ H O B H Y n0 ~ nOBOAy n0XBaJIb6b1 Ma-
Ha
pnqe H a ¶eqe.
A ~ IIOHXTb, B KYna KJIOHEITCX HanpaBneHEIe MOHX CpaBHHTeJIbHO-TeKffOJIOrHYeCKkiX 113bIcKaHklji, IIepemy HenOCpenCrBeHHO K nnTepaTypHbrM
napamemM
rrrcnembrx
xapart-repncrm ccKaHrte-
lT5Ip'I3MOB)), B YaCTHOCTH, K nePe¶HXM Y ~ Z I T ~ IBX< < ~ ~ A o H u I M H ~ > > :
Hery, r o c y n a p b , y H a c 40 6 0 n p n ~ o e~ 12 ~
~ n 3 e6 tc in o 3 e p b c m x ,
o c ~ o ~ c l t n x .
we)) (Knnp.pe~)rnexnm~~ y x e j i noni6mix , Ha none Kymx~oso~:
B ~ o i i c ~KoTopoe e, co611pamcn B nohiow rpa@yT n m o ~ yco, cTaB @op~npymca 11.1 npemom~eneii-aeonano~ pavmworo p a a ~ a 1.1 BOWHOB, %IUIO K O T O P ~ I X ~ a w 1 Kpas i rryHKTyamHo y~a3brsaercs BO @pakng3~~0ii xeme:
Y6beHn me 6b1maHapOYHTble n eennqnn N yAable seno, nx we riueea cyrb cna: ~ ~ Om e o ~bo POM~HOBMY p Eenosepbc~t~ii, n CBIHI. ero K H D ~ ha^, KHI13b a e 0 ~ 0 C p ~M~HOB~~Y, ~ ~ r Mn Bb~ HMnxaiinoan~, ~ ~ 1 1Qeonop 36 Topycc~nii, K H W b MGTHCJIBB 6 p a ero, ~
BOCKTINKHY~ 3 ~ e poTeu ~ , rnnbo~a: ((HNKTO He 3anpern~Mtie ~ b l i i ~B nnone ti B3RTb CeMb TblCII'I pbl~apefiC CO~OIO)). cc9emipe - MIie)),- rape^ norSqaxHyn ~ ~ O M K O . EeB, rpa@Ae K o M M ~ ~ ~ TaK uH~ peYb " , nOBW 6 p a e~ M y n He npenahi ero. M Hnplrsemn ~ He 3 a n p m i ~ HI~KTO K HeM y 'IeTblpe TblCfl'lCI ~ o ~ ~ Q o B ) ) . a M ~ e - TPH>),- ~ P H W ~r yT~ ~ 0 6 0 ~ 0 ~ PeK. blfi ctM~e-ABe>>, CKFUafl ra6ep, #X 6 p a ~ e ~ b l l l ~ f i , n0)lAepXCaH 6aV,QyLiHoM~ ~ ~ H A P C K O BHM :
.............................................
C e p r n e ~qepseqb l l e p e c ~ m , eMy Xe HMR A - U ~ K C ~ H A ~ , 6blBblii npewe ~ O R ~ I I~FPI I I H ~ C K P ~ ~ ~ , 6 e Xe cefi YAFiJIeUb 11 60raTblpb CnaBeH 3WO...
A BOT nq)e¶eHb nOTepb TnWTbOMa ~ ~
H X C K OB ~6 k O
i ~ C~ e
R~3m ceub -rbicas pb~qapeiinirxnx 1.I Bce no oAHoro nernn ICOCTLMH. BnBbeH, nneMRHHHK ~!Ia~Hblfi MOG,noni6, B nnCHy b2pTpaH, LIT0 MHOH) TaK ~ I O ~ I I M , E€'pllapa Ae 6pe6aH O T B B X H ~ ICblH, ~ T e n e ~rnluap, , ~ e i~i 3 o omep p n6b1q, r s 6 o p oaHa AOJIXHa O ~ ~ ~LIWIXII. H X
A BoeBonbl y Hac y r n a ~ n e ~ b ~ 70 6oapn~oski KpenUbl6blrnb K H B H 6e.moseprnnn O e ~ oC p e ~ e ~ o s n Aa q bC ~ MMnxaiinosnsb, ~ H Aa h,ln~ynabctiJIbeB~Yb,Aa m a 6paTa O n r o p ~ o s n ~ n , Aa A M H T PB ~~ ~n b~ l H b ~ ~ Aa~Tk1~04eii fi, BonyeBuYb, Aa A~npefiC ~ P K H ~ O B AaHMnxaiino '~~, ~?B~HOBHY~. A BOH) C HaMn - TpHCTa Talcflub OICOBaHHbIa PaTiI.
H y m o yremb n H O B ~ O P O A C K ~ I OnoMow, name e c m oHa cywecTBoaana T O ~ K OHa 6 y ~ a r e : BblexaJIn nocqHnKn n3 Benn~oroHosaropo~a, a c H U M U 7000 noiic~ca, K B ~ ~ L i K O M Y K H I 1 3AMnTpem D MB~HORWYH) n 6 p a ~ yero. .. ~a noco6e.
..................................................................... ul? hitie HHKTO He 3 a n p e r B~ noxon ~ B3mb TbiCaqy nCIXliX 60iiu0~C co6oii)). CGop o6aasnn voponb CBOIIM Goiium, Ha rpaMoTax nocTaannn n e s a n , fi p a s a n , 11 3a IIeAe-rlm B J I ~ H COluJIaCb ~~UaTklTbiCa'IH2Ul paTb . ITec~ho r u n a o ~ e CLIV-CL : 1'1, CLIX
l l o . r ~ ~ b ~ ~ - nTamx o m o onnca~I.nic nykm-ryana~o-nena~mq~brnepe'MCneHmn Kom¶ecrBa BonHoB B ccnec~eo Hn6esry~rax)), B ( ( l l e c ~oe Ponayqe)), B poMaHax ( ( 6 p m o ~ c ~ o r o m) >a , B CTHXOTBK om BOpHbIX nOJIOTIIaX r o ~ @ pC~' Ta ~ ~ C T ~ J ' ~ ~ C Oa~pOa ~ a@OH 3111e~6axa, B 6onee nosmnxpeHeccaHcHaIx snone~ix APNOCTO, TopKBXITO Tacco e B nosMax Bee Toro x e cnewanaHoro)), no BblpameH ~ I O3. H. Bomo~oii,MaKaepcoHa. B reponrec~oCisnnrec~oii nosMe ( ( K y ~ p y ~ acno, s n a ~ ~ oHai i a s c ~ p o - 6 a s a p c ~maneme o~ cpenHGBepXHeHeMemOrO B Hasane XlIl B., HMeI0TCFi TaKIle CTPOKII:
MR
{(HeCeTyfi, A O Y KK~ 3HIlO ! M b l Bblfi~eMHa nOAMC?l-'y, COBCeB HalueG PaTbH) M b l ABHHeMCR B AOpOry, E e ~ TBOH) y 1 r 3 6 y ~ eHaKaXeM ~. CynOCTaTa. HOn p e w e HaAO JIIOmM 3a CTapblM OTnpaBMTbCR B a ~ e .
OHBCeX, KTU n O n Pj'KOIo, H a nOMOlUb npHBenCT'. Korna xe c h i e n b r a M o p y ~ y3~aer r npo noxon, OHT ~ I C I I ~rIeIp o e B c6epm non H a r u e ~ H ~ M I I . Torna spars ~ H ~ I O nT e, x o nu HM CnpaBnTbcH c H a m . n p ~ n C T ' ~ a ~ Y a HX llH O
~ ~ CH7peXTblCIIYHblM T O7p940M,
COBCeC A P Y X U H O ~M~ p 0 n b T CBOG CTIlr nOAHWMeT P a O M ,
M
K o p o n e s u s OPTBWH noiinm c s p a r a M 1 1 ~ I I T ~ C I I . T a ~ o mP a T b I o CMOXtT K y n p y H a M O R n ~ ~ B a n W T b C l l > > ~ " . B ceC~asatmno M a M a e B o M no60nue)) n o M o r q b M O C K O B C K O M ~ KHR3K) CO C T O P O H b i A P Y r k i X PYCCKZIX @ ~ o A ~ J I o BOnACbIBaeTCX CXO;[HbIM 0 6 p a q o ~O W H b 6~1113KkfbiI.l CTN.rMCTkI9eCKkiMM nl)l.leMaMkI:
3 a c . ~ X C k i B a t r rC n e u l l a J I b H O r O B b m e X e H H X T a K a X CMblCJIOBaR
na-
paJIJIGJKb: K H w H 6 e n o 3 e p c ~ k i e a, w O M C K k i e I.1 XpOCJIaBCKHe n l ) k i 6 b ~ = 1 IIOCnelLlHO n O n H a Y a n 0 MOCKOBCKOrO =R,
nOCKOJIbKy ( W W 3 b BWII~KEM
J ~ k i ~ p e iMB~HOBHS>> i -BCeM 3eMJlUM
TaTap
I.1 ~
O
~OAOGHOJIIOAOBHK~ - ccnaua B ~ o iqac i no rOwU11 pO3OCJla 3 T p a M O T a M U , &I rOTOBki 6 y ~ y ITlJOTMB r B O K ~ sIc e C~ H~a Konome M e c m t a m0.m B 31 A ~ H ~ O .
Cux n n e u e H a @ n n o m t T npeABomTe-m., crpeneu n p e ~ o c x o n ~ b ~ i i , Ben Ha ceMll ~opa6nnx;n m b n e c r r r ~ o c c e ~ Ha a ~Koa w o h i C ~ l J I b ~ brpe6qoa lx H CTpe.laMH IlCKYCHblX XeCTOKO CpaXaTbCII. Mnuada 11: 7161-720
~ ~ H ~ X W I W I & " I KpO a 3~B~qH H y~z b I X BOHHCKIIX ~ K c I L T H K ~ w I ~n e, p e ' 4 H C -
n e ~ ~BiOi~ H O Ba HX n p e ~ n o m ~ ~ e n~e fai ~ o pona r o -B c m e p e w e ~opa6nefi))H 3 b bang^), KOTOP~G, K a K II yXe r O B T w B CBOe B w R , c o B e p r n e H H o H a c T o m e . m H o -rpe6ye~6onee T O ~ H O ~ pa6osero O HaP k i u a H k i X , nOCKOJ&Ky E w e OT Ha3BatWDI BTOPORnKtM ( ( ~ . a ; ~ b ~ 0 6 q q n 1 1 a ~ o e0603aase~ueH e o T p a x a e T c ~ b r c ~ ~ o a coyfr iH 3 ~ 0 3 JlMTepa~Jlp~06 I'IepMaHeHTbI. B A ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ ~ T ~ T I ~ y HO r 0C ~' I eMp no a C W e m y p m wa o BO~HHOM napap;e, c M o T p e , Towee, 06 opramamm, cypemmm B O ~ H C I B ~ Dy, q o e H m I 60e~b1xnoppas~enemtinepen
Q > p a m y s c m e T B O P U ~xIe c T a p y c c K k I e c o r I k i H m e m c c 3 a ~ o ~ r w i -
~ M ~ ~no6ome B O M rrpe~pac~o n0mma.m n p w ~ a r m Taxax e e y q o e ~ 6 )n,m e p a - r y p ~ o - ~ a ~ o m e c x yu em H -, TO' JlO JH ppn Mx 0ITHcaHHff. B 3TOM I I J I a H e nOJIG3HO COnOCTaBkiTb ( ( H e C s e T H b I e T b M b l aXeXH, KOTOPbIe, 6 0 e A ~b I I U a , k i ~ q e 6 n TPOIIH~ b U e B XOTeJlM)) C @ a H T a C T k i % C K k i ~ k icCrP~CI'aT b I C m OKOBaHblX PaTki)) H~DM ) CKa3am o M Hoe s
)
PYCKkiX BOeB, K O T O P b I e ((XO'TIIT CIZTIbHO rOJIOBbI CBOII n O J I O X k i T b 3 8 3
e
~
Pm~ c K ~ I oH) nepesncneme ), P ~ C C K A XK H X J G ~u~ n p m e n e H H b r x Mmaw. Hacronwee 3 a c n m e m ~ @ k i -
c p a x e H u e M , W O ki OTpaXCaeTCR ~ Y K B ~ B ~ THe KO C T e ( ( ~ ~ A O H U U I H ~D>
K a w m BOHHOB c p e e q a M k i
((...KHX3b B e . r ~ ~ ~ ~ YCTaBHIUa lfi
pH~a6rnOnaeT~ ki RB j@)TOM IIaMIlTHIIKG, X a p a ~ ~ H O&WI M PaaMaT-
... co6e CBOII x p a 6 p b r u nOJl%KbI)), 6onee ccC~asa~mi o M a ~ a e s o Mno6ome)) - c&wnpeii M B ~ H O BW ...noBC;rIe B C ~ MB O~ ~ C T B YCBOeMy 6bm1H a K o n o ~ H~aeYcneme c s m l a 6oropomma, mo A a nepe6epy n j l a K b 1 u K o e n f y x n o n l ' b K y e.aesony y s u ~ m n .B e(MrmaAe)) nepese~b-noc-rpoe~ue ~oxaet1 i1 neTamHo B
MHLW~~CKOM uapB N ~ ~ H T BH@NO P M ~llOCJIaHHX u ~ ~ @ I c ~ ou arpos - r r p e c ~ k i ~ e pMa O ~ H HK r~p e s e c K o M y M M n e p a T o p y p m a e M o r o nepnona -n e p e a o r v I o M c t C K a ? a ~ k i k o i
c T B e B , I I e p B O H a ¶ a J I b H O H3BeCTHOM B
20 6ORpHHOR KOAOMUICKHX, 4 0 soap cepny~o~crtq%, 3 0 nanoe ~ m o e c r n p . , 20 soap nepecr\ascKq, 25 60Rp KOCTpOMCKHX, 1 5 soap e o ~ o ~ n m e p o e c ~ ~ , 50 sorp cyrc,qac~q, 4 0 soap mypomcrtq, 70 soap p k j a n a c u ~ , 1 4 6OapHHOE pOCTORCKn)(, 2 1 sorp ~ n r p o e c ~ ~ , 6 0 sorp moaca~cr)(, 1 0 Gorp 3R€tiHrOpOACKHX, 15 60rp v A € q K t q % . 21 noceveno o r 6Iusoacnoro M m a r noArperar c r a r ~ c r l q n a r p nr ~ c e v n .
MaHynJIy (no n p y r m , sanamblM BepcmM -- K mnepaTopy @pmpnxy n m nane ~ A M C K O M Y ) .( ( C ~ a 3 a m e AOUIJIO )) AO M O C K O B C K O ~Pycn .iepe3 T ~ ~ H C ~ $ O ~ M E IJI~THHcKu~~ P O B ~ H nepeBOn H ~ ~ ~ XII- XI 11 BB., Gym IT0 HaJMYHblM CnHCKaM n p ~ 1 6 m 1 3 m e mBO ~ oB T O P O ~nOJIOBHHe ~ XVB., O m l a K O 6bu10 IIIHpOKO MJBeCTHO B B k i 3 a ~ ~ 1El.Espone 1~ yxe B K o H u e XI1 B. nepsbreceeneHrrn o uapcne npecBErrepa k i o a ~ rpn~a
((Xpo~~~me)) O n o ~ ~a p e t i ~ k i ~ r e ~noa c ~ oI 145 r o r., a nepBas PylCOnIiCb ((noC..rIaHlM)),iU1IZpyCl'cIIBpehieHeh4 H e n03mee 1 1 77 r. nppihiesa~emao, TO ( ( C ~ a 3 a 06 ~ ~Piw11.1 e 60ra~oii)) BXO,@IJIO B COCTaB c6optan;a C o ((CJIOBOM 0 nomy Mropeee)). M o ~ ~ ~ uapa ~ ~ T B o M o a ~ B~ ccC~a3at1~11.1)) a neMoHcqRpyeTcn r q e s r11nep60m14ec~ue npejBeJKkIxIeHW5l WiCJIeHHOCTkl e r 0 B O ~ ~ CkiKDopa: ~ npI.1 BbICTynJIeI r a n B n O X O a uapn conpoBowaeT (( 100 T ~ I C X YK O H H O ~II~ I00 T L I C X ~ neruefi panin, BO mopue P i o a ~ ycTaaoane~Ibl(t500 ~a q a n e l c1-1rucHo e 4 e pamrue ~ e - r a m ~ b neperem di norn6runx B CpaxeHEIki, r o r o sorIoTaw, a 06enaro-r c HIIM I0 uapefi, 10 naTpklayxoe, 12 M ~ T C nOE1MeHHblM nepeQiCIIeHHeM ~ 6 k i T bU1T09HbIMI-I ~ PaJIM Y ~ ~ J I M T ~ J J ~ pOnOIElTOB, 40 enncKonoB, 300 nonon, COTHR ~ I M O ~ I O B50 , neBuoB, HOCTH t&l@pa~ki JWACKWX PI MaTepkiaIIbHbIX nOTepb BCTPeraeTCX 90 K.mIpomaH, 165 kiryhreIIoa, 300 ~ ~ n 3 eII~.If50 i ~ o p o x e i11 i T. a. a T,n. B HOB~O~OAC neTonncawiH KOM (nepsan H smsepTan Hosropo~cn e p e ~ l n c v e nor~161mlx ~~~e K H R : I ~EI ~ 60np, ~ non06t10e I I ~ U B ~ I [ ~ H - Kkie JIeTolTkicki) B OllHCaHEM h K I a 0 f i 6EWBb11216r.,KpOBaBOM LTOJMHOMY paHee neperpIcnernklro nor~16rusxu nonanmm B nneH c)pa~HOBtZfIII.1tvfm~c.r~il~a Mcrkicnasrna Ynanoro C CY3AaJIbCKEIMN KH113bSIr ~ y s c ~pbruapefi, ax meeTcrr B cnE1cKe K-5: MI.1 D p k i e ~B C ~ B O ~ O A O B W ~M~ M R p o c n a a o ~B c e ~ o n o ~ o ~ n r e ~ , BO BpeMX KOTOpOrO no1116no O K O J I O AtX:XIM TXICXY reJIOB€XC.( ( ~ o B W T % R3OflAUla W6HeHHH O T IlOraHhlp
B O ~ T C XB
K H ~ REAHK~K H H so~rp-a canoenux,
0 n21nEllIK0fi ~ W T B ~ ) O ) T.X&FIatXCXBbICOKHM JEIV2pa-rypHbhf YPOBHeM,
KHr3R 4 e o p a
XCHO 0 w a e ~ 0 f ~i ~ I T M U ~ ~ 0p~aHE13aIJMe~l C K O ~ ~ TeKCra El O ~ K ~ I I ~ I M
P o n ~ a n o e ~E+Ao3epcraro ~a H curia f r o ~11r3r Heana, M H KB~ AC AH~ ~~EBHY~, 4e~opM x e m ~ o Nean-a , Cano, MH~AHAO BpenKoR-a, k i a ~ o e xOCA€EMTHH%, n e p e c s t n Yepn€l(h H nnar mnorar Apyxnna.
qkiMeH€HHeM ~$oPMY.&H~LK O ~ O P O T O B 21 TElnki'IHO P ~ I U ~ P C K T O q~ M2IHOJIOrnI.
a y r o 8 c r ~ y ~ a~f~i a m s l l p y r o q e - ~ o ~ y ~ 1 e m a m 3 l l p y rTeHoqefi K a K ~ ~ m e c wnpmq di m e BOG ~ ~ ~ B K Y C E K ~ U~ ~K (I ~, - I ~ O ~ ~ E ~ .OI R WB) ~) L ~ I~W ~ ,IBI @ n0'3me I C I I ((3ano-^), - r r o m m w o e DJMnnoca omcame pIlryarIa ccpbnlap-
a e m , pacc~aqkmaeMbdi0 6 b m 0
CKOrO 0 6 m m m ) ki OmpaEiJIeHMII B IIOXOA CpeJ@IeB€XCOBOrO nOJIKOB0~-
ua ( peve KHfl3h R € A H K H ~b~ H T p € n Fieanos~va: Cunrah-ecm, spai.nr, K O A ~ K Oy nac ~ o e e n o~ tr H K O A ~ K Om o ~ o ~ ~ u xw ~ net rn. Tor~w ro~opm M t q a t b o bercati,iwoenva, MOCKOBCKH~~ sorpnn, KHR3W ~
W
~
EHR~HOEH~M: W
r o c n o ~ n n eK H W ~s e ~ n ~ nAt~l n r p t tNi e a n o e ~ v a ! N e r y , rocyMpa, y HAC 4 0 6OSlpHHOR MOCKORCKHX, 12 ~ n w e ts+Ao3+pcKH~, i 30 HORrOpOACKq IlOCaAHHKOE,
~ C O K-5): K
tor^ ace ~ n ~ e~~ n ar Au ~nn r p e nNeanoenv c r y n n BO CRW m a r o e C T ~ E M ~ , ~ c k na x CROH sop3t.1~ KOHL, n p ~ w a ~r o n n eR npaeylo p y ~ y . C o ~ nm ~ ay na e c r o q t c m r r s p r 8 e c p q y na poxecreo n p e c ~ r r r u asoropo~nqaacno c e t r m a , n y r a m y noe-era.. .
npyroe n p o R s n e H I . i e 1
cnoc06e 3 a ~ a TO K a C a e T C R ( ( 3 a f l o ~ I 4 i ~W e))
( ( n p 1 . i ~ a 3 ~ 0 ini e A a H m r H o c r W ) ) B
HWR B p e M e H W BbICTyIlJIeHMR B e J I H K O r O KHX3II B IIOXOA. 1 p a 3 B e p ~ y ~ oAilTI.1POBKI.I fi BpeMeHI.1 B b I C T y n n e H W R B
A p y r W X n a M R T H W K a X K ~ ~ ~ K O B C KWOI K ~ JOI a , T O x p o H o n o r I . I r e c K I . I e
@ O P M ~ J I ~ IB, K m r a m m e H e p e r n o
Aaxe r a m , r w n o 1.1 M e c m W, rIac-
T O , nPI.IBII3KY K U e p K O B H O h f Y nPa3J$II.IKY
I . I m AHIO nOMWHOBeHWH K a -
K O T O - ~ CBRTOTO, ~60
n 0 ~ 0 6 H b I eCeMTnGplI 8 E CpEily HA pOXeCTE0 ~ p ~ C E ~ ~ 6 O l ' BOC I p p e rO a I O~T ~ C R~B p~CCKWX.WT'OIDICRX , lTpPihKpH0 C KOHUa
50-x rr. XI B.; Oms ti3 I I e p B b I X nono6~b1x@0p~yJI npHB0-
I@ITCR B n 0 B e c l . W B p e M e H H b I X J I t x I I p W OlIHCaHWW KOH9I.IHbI
X~OC.~I~-
s a B n a m i ~ ~ p o ~ t iBpocnaey ra: me npncrrk K0neq.s mnran n npeAACTh AyLUY
CEOK) 6 0 q E
Cy60v 1 I l O C T A CEnTAl'O @ ~ o , $ o ~ A .
npti I . I C ~ O J I ~ ~ O B ~ I Xonpener~e~aii WW m~C O ~ ~ I T W RB ,e c b M a
U~H-
IIbIX &Wl C O B p e M e H H O r O WCTOpI.iKa WJEI J I E I T e p a T y p O B e A a , H e C.rIeJ)leT 3 B 6 b 1 B a ~ b , T O y K a 3 a H W R W I I HeAe.QI
W B p e M e H W CYTOK TI.Ina ccnO)l
r.OpOJlliIIa)); 'Tp€TbR H e C e T 3lTki¶WKYIO O K p a C K y ---- ((BB cy660~yA 0 o6e;la)). B n p o c r p a ~ ~ opeAaKm&i fi 3 n k i r e c K W e cocraslunowe o 6 p a ~ . mK ~ a n e y q a p H y m racrb: ~ 3 a y ~ B p cay 6 0 ~ yno paay , M e c x u a cenT R ~ P R8 A e H b B ~ a ~ bnpa3JMMK'b ~fi -- O Z . O C ~ ~ O X M I XA%e H b , B b C X O m -
IUH, C O J l H W
...
))
n p 0 r W e A a T b I ~ P O C T ~ ~ HpeAaKUWW H O ~ ~ W BO BCeX
B a p u a a T a x c ( C ~ a s a ~om M a ~ a e B no6ourue)) o ~ K ~ npasmo K cocroIIT W3 9I.ICJI8, M e C R U a W CCbI.XKI.1 H a
sesep B n o H e A e n b a Z I i c ) ) , ((B g e T B e p r n o A B e s e p ) ) , cccpena npncnena)) n 3 a n a n ~ o e ~ p o n e f i c ~ os n Fm I e, Hanpkihrep, B x e c T a x o r ~ n b o h r e O ~ ~ H X C KROB .M m T, C R CTaH&lpTHbIhII.I PI.ITOPWCCKWMW p @ p e ~ a ~ W w c o B c e M H e c T a s s T c ~ o e isi a ~ a r e fonpeae.xease i p e a J r a H o r o MCTOPWr e C K O r 0 BpeMeHI.1 ~ 0 6 b 1 ~ 1 . 1OHH ~ . KBK pa3 CTI.I.mCTI.19CCKEI M a p K k i p O -
C K O ntxonncn ~ B paccKase
B B H b I W Y e H H O H ~ B ~ c o . ~ T H o c T ~ I O0THOCI.ITe.mHOCTbH) , 3nI.19eCKOTO
IOIQefi
B p e M e H W . ~ O P M Y . ~ IT~OIr H O T a K O r O CM H a r m a I o T n o n a A a T b c s
Xe T R I n a B
npmiepao
H a CTO
M n i l ~ b e B c ~ onfCi X O n I 1 -
ntx n o m e w
TaKxe B
. .~I~RcAAE% nonAe 3 4 AHenp's EX noneAeAnnKa n oyTpnn Aena poyluncm &ienp.s (IIOA 1 148 r.); oyrpnn me Aena, nKome corrnqlo ~ o c ~ o gmac~ n ~ y A A E .me ~ H~~cAn A Pocrnc~ae.s E.~ notqowa o r Tpeno~m;csnralo1410me n m a q ncnor\qne.s H3mc~ae.sRoe ... no^ 1 151 r.). B ~ T I I X T e K C T a X , ~ O B C C T B j T O W I . I X0 ~ E I T B ~I.1XB O e H H b I X nOXOflBX:
U ~ K O BKH a J I~ e HG Aapb,
X O W He-
pemo B c q e r a I o T c R O ~ O P O T ~((BB I A e a b ae~ennbxii)), c(Ba C B X T ~ I Ox e H e A e n m no s a y ~ p e n ~... mD, ((Ha s a y ~ p e eB ~ O H ~ A ~ J I H...I)), ~ Kc c Y x e 60 ~ o q npncne. b ..H,ccnpncnesury x e AHII s e ~ ~ e p i ...D, c y ( ( C ~ e ~ a mmqy Icy kI BOCXOJCXUJ' CO~ L I B I U Y)'TP y...)); H O A e H b HeAeJII.1 (WJEi MeCRqa) o n p e A e m t x c R , K a K npasmo, H e ero T e p M w H o n o r w r e c I u i M ~ a 3 s a HWeM, a no UePKOBHOMY llpa3J@IMKY. B XCCTC 0 r W 5 0 ~ 3TI.I e COrtxaHMR T a K x e B c q e s a m T c R : no^ ~ p e ~ tnno H i e n e n b a I I i c nocne nacx~r... ( K o p o ~ o s a ~ k~iIeO A O B P I K ~XXXIV: , 1430). ~ W T M P O B ~ H H ~ IAM a T k i P j T O I 4 l M ~ O P M Y J I ~~ M P ~ H U Y ~ C KXMe CXT
~ Y K B ~ J I ~ COOTBtxCTBjTOT HO a H a J I O r U r H b I e @OPMY.~IPOBKU M n a ~ b e B -
o noxone k i r o p ~C ~ ~ ~ o c n a ss a~pr~ap:a xe, n r r T a i c y ~ a c ~ a s m ...;yc s e T ; u o u m x e cy6o~e ...: B n m o m B s e s e p e ..., o T J m s a I o w I e c m OT nomo.~?emofi ~a~kipyroruefi @op~y-mr, srcmrar W C J I 0 , MeCrrII H llpEIBR3KY K U e P K O B H O M Y AHIO IIOMHHOBeHkIII
HJIEI I I p a ? m I I K Y , kI O W H b ~ J E I ~ K CBOkIM W ~ 3nW9eCKI.IM CTH.TkiCT119eCKIlM KOJIOPUTOM K COOTBtxCTBYIOIIWM XpOHOJIOW9eCKI.IM
[email protected] IIM B ((C.~IOB~ o n o ~ m ykiropese)): Apyraro ma B a o q b ca ~ e s e p.a.. : CB sapantla BB n m B m . . .
~ ~ M paao I I ...; BCW
tam^ 0 6 p a 3 0 ~3,a K a H W I B a R 3 T O ((XPOHOJIOTI.19eCKOC))
OTCTyn-
JIeHHe, MOrY Y T B e p m a T b , r T O ~ M ~ . T ~ ~ ( ~ I . I ~ U P O p aB 3 B~ qHH H y T~bZI e~ , XpOHOJIOrWreCKWe @ O P M Y . ~ I ( ( ~ ~ A o H I ~ ( M H ~MI )N) Y T W X rIaMRTHI.MOB
T e K C T a X CCbIJIKI.1 H a A e H b H e A e m I H B p e M R CYTOK B ~ o J I ~ I I I I . I H c T BCJIY~
K y . m K o B c ~ o r 0WKKJIa U BMeCTe W BO BCeX T p e X K O M I I O H e H T a X
9 a e B , H a A O n O J I a T B T b , 0 q B X a H ) T P e a . W b H j T O A ~ ~ ~ C T B I I T ~ ~ H HOOC, T ~ ,
n e 5 H O C T E l ( K a l ~ e ~ ~ a rpW~C JoI 0e H MeCRU
HWOMHCHHO, BbInO.rMIIK)T W CBOIO 3 r E W e C K j T O @YHK-
AaTe
W H e C J T 3m-
B ( m 0 J I H 0 f i peAaKLII.iH)) ( ( ~ ~ A o H w H ~ I )ma ) pasa s c q e r a t x c r H e K a R r ~ 6 p m a Qr o p ~ Aaa ~ n p p r u e f@OPMYJI~I, i H e ~~.morarnruax ~ W C J I OM e c R U a , HO conepxaIQaR n P I I B R 3 K Y K Be.KkiKOMY U e P K O B H O M Y npa3J$IWKy: ((A 6 n . w ~ ~ 113 y T p a AO nonyAnIi B c y 6 o ~ yH a POX~CTBO CBRT~FI6 0 r o p o ~ ~ b 1 ) ) . B Kpamofi ntxonwc~oiinosecTw @ o p ~ y nCOCTOWT a K a K 6 ~ 1 . 1 Tpex 3 sacrefi: n e p s a R npo3amec~nonpenemm K a n e H A a p H y I o A a T y -c c C e 6 b 1 ~ no6onrue ~b M e C R U a C ~ ~ I T R ~ B% P R 8 A e H b ) ) , B T O p a R aneJLmpyeT K x p n c r n a ~ c ~ o~i ie p ~ o ~x p~o Ho ofn io r m -m a P o x e c r ~ oC B R T ~ I H60s e C K j T O CTW.KkiCTWreCKjTO O K p a L U e H H O C T b .
- -
no OT-
WWBR3Ka K U ~ K O B H O ~
s n w s e c K o e s p e M r c y r o ~ yxe ) A a B H o mem pacrrpocqaaec p e m e ~ e ~ o ~3anamoe~ponefic~oCi ofi w pycc~oiin H c b M e m o c -
--
Hkie B
TW P a 3 J I E M H b I X X I H P O B U COBCeM H e H B l u n o T C R HOBORBeAeHIIeM MOCK O B C K O ~I J~I K O ~ I n ~ c a ~ e n e f i - ~ m o r r p o 1 . 1 3 ~ W, o ~T~e M ~m Gonee, eii aBT O p a ((~~AoHIQHH~I)).
A. C. nkixare~M H O r O W OXOTHO n W I I I t x 0 KOMW9eCKOM 3 @ @ e ~ Te, K O T O P ~ Ir ~r p~ o 1 . 1 3 ~ 0 ~ C~ M e I I I e m e myx K O r O W AeJIOBOrO ~ 0 3 a W ¶ e C K O r O > )
-
--
~ ( B ~ I C O K O~~OO ~ T W Y ~ C -
c ~ W J I e f iB < ( ~ ~ A o H I I @ ~ H ~ W ))~~~,
0 l I p O ¶ I l X J E i T q a T Y P H b I X ~ O X B J I e H W R XMOCKOBCKOI'O ~ H ) P O K P ~ T M ~ -
M a X I V - - X V B B . ~ ~ ' . MOCKOBCKM~ S J I K U ~ O C O ~ C K Or r~p M OK a 3 a
--
H H T ~ ~ r e H T XV b I B.
--
~apym rr ~mimmmcme n p n e ~ a cnoworo r csma)), 1.1 MOTPIR c a o e H H o r o C M o T p a ) ) , MaKCIiMa-TbHO 6 1 1 ~ 3 ~ 0 1 - 0T a M no mITepaTypH0-COAepXaTCmHOMy o@op~ne~ K m ~ O M ~ ~ O B C K O ccnepesm MY ~opa6nefi))(XXII menm p a . K a K mmna ompasma B O ~ ~ C K O H) , C n H o m y e c K n e w m i , e c m I p k r i i c ~ n f kiccnenosa~em~~~. i B ccKynpywe))M O ~ oO 6
RCPORTHO IIMeIOT OTHOlIIeHHe K C0'3flaHKlO
J M T e p a T y p H O r O K O M n n e K C a K ~ J K K K o B c K o ~ oI@TKJIa,
XOTR 3 T 0 BeCbMa
~ ~ ~ O ~ J I ~ M ~ T BW IIpMMeHeHEM I H O K OpEWHHi%JTy ( ( ~ B A O H I ~ U . M ~ I- )B) e r n BO BCeX ACTOYHkMaX C 0 @ 0 H E I f i Ha3bIBaeTCR p R J a H U e M kIm1 6
HO OHH K I K
pme~.
IIHCaTeJIH M0T.W O C K O P ~ H T ~ C R C y m e H P I e M CBOAX W O M 6 ~ 1 ~ 1 x 4n0 , ~BPO~~~~CKZIM no JMTepa~yp~08 O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ H H O
y r O m 0 , BOeEWO-CTaTHaklYeCKkIe CnHCKM n o r u 6 ~ 1 l 1 . 1 ~B H e y n a Y H O M
CBeIQeHHbIX nOTOMKOB, nOCKOJIbKY eQTI M q K a M , H e BnO.XHe H a y p O B H e B e K a
CTH II CTkIJMCTHYeCKOMY COBePUeHCTBY, TO, BO BCXKOM CJIYsae, COBCeM H e llpeTeHAOBaJIH H a TO, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1C'InTaTbCR ~ ~ B O O T K P b I B a T e J I R -
MA ~ O ~ T YEICJIOB~IX ~ K ~ I p e e c T p o B 1.1 c a i e n o s H b I x ) ) ((TlPHHMaR K O n H e B
IIpaByW
y r o s ~ e ~ nnim i a
p y K y > > , n0CKOJIbKy 0nIIpa.IDlCb B CBOehI
T B O p q e C T B e H a CJIaBHJW Pi BnO.rMe '3aCJIyXHBalO4J'IO
Y B a X e H f l R .XH-
T e p a r y p H J T O T p a m I 4 T l O . ~ T O ~ YCTPaHMTb L I COMHeHAR B >TOM, AOCT a T O v H O CO C I I ~ H OOTllpaBJIeHAR ~~ B n O X O n KHR3R
A M A T ~ ~MI BS ~I H O -
-
KPOBaBOM CpaXCXHJI T O C B . nkt.reparypHble
n C p ~ 0 0 6 p a ' 3 b 1 T m O ( CmIC-
K O B - ~ ~ ~ Y H C . 3~aIK~I W H Y~e IH~b I~BO BCeX T e X
Te BeYHbIX
IICTOYHILKaX
yse6~max r o ~ e p ek;I C n O . ~ 3 O B a H H e
n03TNYeCKOTO BilOXHOBeHHR I1 rJIaBHbIX IIPBKTkIYeCKkIX . r M T e p a T y p H O r O M a C T v C T B a -- B En6mtr kI
kIX n p U COLTaB.meIIHH TeKCTOB ClTIMYJMPOBaJIOCb ~ a m m l e f i KaHO, H I l r H O a b l O n p k I e M a a ~ ~ . r ~ @ I I K a l & I kI1l p a 7 B k 1 ~ 0 f i ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ > B C T I . I B C P ~ ~ ~ B ~ KnWCbMelIHOCTI1. O B O ~ ~ T a K YTO k1 B 3TOhI CJIyYae MbI AO-rITHbI TO.rIKOBaTb H e 0
M~JIOIMOW
AWdW3aID.MI m o 6 b 1 n p l l ~ ~ ~ l l ~ f
a B XYAc m m c o ~yMerrohi n c n o . r n 3 o s a ~ u 1 . 1 atmmoro c p e m r e s e K o B o r o H a c J I e m I r r , o6111nx h r e c r , 6 e 3 K O T O ~ ~ IKXa T e r o p n -
B k i s a M3 < ( ~ ~ A o H W H H CPaBHkITL ~~>> OnACaHHe OTnpaBneIIkIR I I a B O ~ ~ H Y
c~w@~N ~ H~ ) ~ Xo I K ~ ~ I " ~ ~ MOCKOBCKOMY ~ I ~ c K o M ~ CTHJIK),
rpacba Tn60 B ccllec~eo rn.mo~e)), B neccax XII-a n XI1 -6:
IneM c . v r I a e
r p y n b O ~ ! I ~ K eMy K ~ IK ~ J I b Y y r o f ~i B O H K O ~ ~ : H a n e x ~ on 0 ~ ~ 3 a v m 1 n1 e M 3e.rle~blfi M n p t t s e n r t n t l ~ o 6 p b 1 iMi e 4 Ha noHc. PYKUH)A ~ B Kpyrslblii o ~ U l i T OH nO.QHX'I,
-4 npaaom K o n b e noflsnn B ~ I W K O . ......................................................... K a m e . ? b c ~ o r oKOHH Trr6o n0.4BOEHT. B ceaqo, ~ y CYHYB ~ bH o r y B c-rpemn: M XOnOM n0TafiHblM rIOKllHyr! r 0 p O n . C HRM fleCRTb TblCRq BOMHOB O T ~ O P H ~ I X . A a T b A e p a M e B J I a p m a ~ 6oR e OH x o y e T . k I 3 Eypma B b I m y n a m rpa@T1160. C HAM a e C S T b TbICR'I BOMHOB UfleT; 9 ~ 0A 6 e p a ~ AaTb e n a p m a ~ 60R. o~
OHce.rl
nos
YTO Kacae-rcx npa~ojipym, q m n ~ a m w e fKonae, i TO n o M H M o Toro, B n o m eT p m n a m H o r o , @ a ~ ~ YTO a ,60m111ax r a c T b Y e n o B e q e crsa OTHOCP~TCRK n p a s r u a M , TOT 0 6 0 ~ T0a K~x e OTHOC~TCR K YHCJIY T p a A H m I O H H b I X II OYeHb TEI~kIYHbIX&rlR C T ~ P O @ P ~ H U Y ~ C K O Tm OJ I a xecr, BO~HHNUHX ~ o ~ psnusec~oii yr @myparc t c e n o 6 o p o n o r o ) ) Kapa B m o r o n ero H a c n e m o B n 3 poxa @pawysc~nx ~oponefi.B TeKCTe T O J ~ K O LlIeCTI.1 nPOCMOTPeHHbIX MHOH) n e C e H 0 r n J I b 0 M e O ~ ~ H X CKOM O n n c a H n e c t o 6 r 1 a r e ~ k rp~b l q a p r r ) ) , 6epyrqero uonae I ~ MMer B rrpaep p y v WIH A ~ C H H I Iaclpeyae-rcrr ~, t I e M e H e e n e c m pas. 0 cataHUeJurpImMaX)), c t 6 1 o p o ~ p a ~ m e c K o i j D OKOClXHeJIOcTM , HeKOTOPbIX 060~ O T O BB T e K a e ( ( K y ~ p y ~ bc ~p )e ,m e s e p m e ~ e ~ p c oreponrec~oii fi nos ~ nep~ofi b ~ ~ O J I O B H H ~XI11 I B. nncan e 4 e B W o r n n o M s e K e a s n -
ti
--
o
He
YeCKA H e M 0 T . m O ~ X O ~ T ~ COCTaBATe.XFI C I I COYHH~HH IJeHTOHHOTO ~~
xapalt-repa. 3 a & 3 B a R c b BOnpOCOM 0 B0'3MOXHOCTI.1, BPehIGHN I1 n y T R X
np0-
H r r m o s e m n p e m o n a r a e b r o r o B r n r r r m I x c b a w y 3 c ~ o r roe p o t m w K o -
r0 3 n O C a H P b m a p C K O r O P O M a H a H a T e p p I I T O p k E O M O C K O B C K D ~PYC~I, ~ O ~ P ~ T H M C IKI ~ 0 0 6 p a x e t 1 1 1 1 1 ~M. n. A H W ~ ~KOTOPble B ~ , B kl3BeCTH0fi
hive n O M O r a I O T O T B m l I T b H a H e r o :
((3HaKOMCTBO HTa-iIbRHIlGB C
I'CpORhIH I1 CH)XeTaMkI KapOJII.IHTOBCKO~0UIIKJIB BOCXOjpIT K HaqaJIY B., nCpBLIe naMRTHIIKkI, H a n l I C a H A b I e kl.Wl 3aIIkICaHHbIe B M T a -
.mn,n o r r a m T c r r H a py6exe XI11 -XIV BB.)). ccOpaaqy3c~arrx e c T a n C O a e p x I m LlIecTb n O 3 M , B K J w Y a R ( ( O x b e
A ~ T Y ~ H H H(),BbICTJ'naIOUHM KaK CMblCXOBaR A 3MO-
~ 0 fnie ~ o n b l c ~ oIIfOiBeCTA IT < < C K ~ ~ ~ 0H Ma~aeBoM MII no6ome)) 0pI.I-
WOHaJIbHaX KOHTpOBq3a ((PYCCKOMY 3JIaTj'))
elfTHpOB~ChH e H a C H A X H ( ~ H H JDl~epa~>'&lIlblfi ~I~~ J'POBeHb ITepeBOA-
pese). Tpe-
( ( h ~KOpOneBHY>> a I1.W ( ( n e ~ p?..rlaTbIe , K.rIK)YH)), X!BlHYBIUAX IIIAPOKAM llOTOKOM H a 4'Cb B XVI-XVII BB., a, M O W m 6 b 1 ~ bU,?BCCTHbIX EI B XV B., HO AqlTa.?MCb
HbIX n0Bec~t:fi I.1PbIuapCKAX pOMaHOB BpOAe
AOCTaTOYHO ~ . ~ I N ~ KK n03TALIeCKOMY O El CTH.XHCTUYeCKOMY ypOBHH)
repoasecKoro cbpa~uysc~oro 3noca XII-XI11 BB. BO BCXKOM c q y a e , K p O M G 06bIYHori r~nep6om1 CKOJI~KO-H~6yAb ?HaYHTejTbHOTOHaJIeTa CTkIJlMCT~U A cnoco6a mITepaTypHor0 MbIlUJIeHkM C3JIeMeHTaMH CKa30YHOrO BblMblCJIa, XapaKTCpHbIX
aBaHTIOpHOr0 pbII@pCKO-
r0 pOMaHa, B ( ( ~ ~ A o ~ I I H e~OIUy~aeTCR. ) ) O ~ ~0 K KOHO KpCTHbIX
((C.~IOB~ 0 n0.W Mro-
anpec, H a K O T O P ~ IMOTHO ~~ c e r i a c CnenaTb KOHKP~THP c c b m y - TO xema c ( M o ~ a u r e c ~I ~ ~ Io. ~ o M ~(necca >) XIV, CTHX 653), raeperb ma o ctsono~e Pocc~m)),(c-~ono~e Pycu)) KaK ckmBone HeMblC~MO~O, CKa30WO~O~ O ~ ~ T C TnoB o6pa3uy ~ , 6~6.r1eficKoro c(?onoTaa - p a w O@np)):( ( X O T ~~ a feMy i Bce s o n o ~ Poccaa o ...))
TOT TOllOC He MOXm kfMGTb pyCCKOe ~ O H C X O ~ e H H GIlOCKOJIbKY , B cpeAHeBeK0~0fi P ~ c HK,a K H3BeCTH0, C O ~ W B ~ H H~06blYa ~X 30nO'ra
He BeJIaCb k1 He 6b1na H3BecTHa K a K P O A ~ ~ M T M E ? .
OH BeCbMa
BGPORTeH B rqMaHCK0-CKaHWHaBCKOM PaIIIXe-
CpeAHeBeKOBOM 3nOCe, I ~ O C K O J I ~ K Y Y C T On ~0~~~ ~ B0 ~~ X~H , Hbdi3
I'
(VYCCKOe))
- BOCTOsHOe 30.rIOTO
MOrJIO IIOJIYqIITb, ~ O A O ~ HAaMaCO
C K O CTaJIII, ~ ~ He no MeCTy QOkI3BOACTBa,
BbIX A COAepTaTeJIbHbIX K0ppCTAfi B
1
a q q e 3 HaAMeHOBaHAeTpaH-
XV
8. ~ P I I C J W C TAaTHBI~~
pytomix @ O P M Y ~c ~ ~ M ~ H T7 ~n ~Mi sM e c ~ o rman% 0 (Ce 6 b 1 ~ no~b
3AlWOI'O rryHKT'aWE1 ~pFlTOpHM. B 3IMER OTpX3WICRTOT3Tall (IIO ~ 0 % BepORTHOCTZi - X B.)
(POPMI.IPOB~HFIIIcKa3a~Zifi0 ~ A J I ~ o KOrAa M~, apa6c~orokI B W ~ ~ H T M ~ ~ C3OJIOTa K O ~ OB c e B e p a p w ueHrpamHym Espony npoxo-I rep- pyccme 3 e ~ m 1 MarACTpWIbHbIe nvF1 nOTOKa
Mrm OH0 AOCTaBjIILnOCb BMIUlHraMZi-PYCaMA
BO3BpaUleHIW A3 CBO-
i
i l
wx p a 3 6 0 i t ~ m b 1 . ~ 1 ~a 6 e r 0 B~ Haqane X B. H a BOCTO'IH~IX cnaBxI3, r p e m n 3 a ~ a ~ ~ a 33b e~ .Voe M R OnpeAeJlRtTcx no TOMY, w o B 3m1secKoM w n e neceH o r m o ~ cnasatie e BbIcrynaIoT ewe HeKpeweHbIMA
BapBapaMH,
COIo3HHKaMA ((HeBepHbIX))CapamlH. M3
i
(P~KTB
~ 3 ~ 0.rIOKaJM3aUI.IH f i Zi c ~ ~ ~ ~ I . I @ NMaPKIIPOBaHHOCTZi 'I~cKo~~ CJIOBOCO-
'IGraHWR ((PYCCKOt:7.rIaTO))B TeKLTe ((CJIOB~ 0 nO.TKy UY3CKOM naMXTHIMe
no601.11.qe~, MOIHO
X-XI
~p B Kpa-r~ofineTonwcsoii noBecrw (Poromc~wfiJrmormceu B coc6. FEn, 247, co6p. P o r o a c ~ o r o~ n a n 6 1 . 1 ~ J% l a , 253) nO3BOJLReT rOBOPWTb 0 TaKOM B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B y AI eM3 40-x rr. XV 8. TO MY He MemaeT HamIwie aHanoniqHbIx nepewcnem~B nosmkIx @n~cauaxxm m o - c n a ~ x ~ c ~ repoIIsecKoro oro snoca, Hanpmiep, B m n e neceH o ~ p a r ~ r e c 6mse ~ o k H a KOCOBOM none, me, B ? a m CA Hasana XIX B. (BYKKapamws), o ~ H ~ ~ ~ X A B ~BIeC ObM T aC6mnR M e no CTW.~ICTIIKeA TOHaJIbHOCTM ( ( C K O P ~ H C ~ nIW ~ CKII))no1116m~x:
cTaBe
a.
M~.opeBe)), (haHMaMaeaohI
BB. I.1 TeKCTaX ((CKa3aFlAR 0
c,qcnam
noKa
IIe ~ [ e ~ a m 1 3 ~ p y e ~HO b 1BecbMa ti,
CYIQCCTB~H Bb H IB~ OIA~0 ~ FIX T ~ H ~ T F I ~CBR3I.I. ~ c KAo I~ IOC ~KOIIbKY MOXHO
yBepeHHo nonaran, s ~ ccpjccKoe o 3naTo))B naMnTmmax Ky.m~-
KOBCKOrO UNKJIa nORRIIJlOCb KaK LleHTOIIlIOe 3aHlvICTBORaHHeI13 ((CIIO-
s a o no-my Mropese)), TO
M~ICJE.
o
3HaKoMcrBe
awropa
ccciroea)) c
( ~ ~ ~ F ~ I I Y ~ C KJIaCCI.IZIeCKIIM KMM 3nOCOM HallptiIUFIBaeTCR C a M a
~060fi.
O.iwaK0 CMbICJIOBLIe I1 06pa~l1i0-n0?~1.1~ec~kle KOHHOTBuIIII ((PYCCKO-
me ~ O I I O B ~ PeKH ~JKO~~ K ~ R J I He ~ I WCYepllbIBaIOTCR , TO.mKO er0 CBR3RMI.IC T O ~ Z Z K XeCrbI O~~ 0 ~II.iIb0b1e O ~ ~ H X C KHe OM MeHee . BepORTHa er0 O ~ ~ > ~ I ~ H O - C M ~ I C . ~ O B ~ H I.1 CFIblBOJII.19eCKaH CBR3b C ((30nOTOM H H ~ ~ ! I ~ H ~KOTOpOe o B ) ) , XareH
r 0 3JIaTa>),KOTOpOe yTOnEiJ1 KHR3b k 0 p b H a
r
YTOnIIJI B OMYTe HeMeIMOI 0
PeiiHr?.
O ~ ~ K CyAH O no , yXe OTMeqeHHbIM MOTFIBBM, O ~ W I M &TH mna neceH o r w ~ b oA~qxa3armmI e naImmtcam1 Ky~nncosc.on, (MO'TIIB IIO.qnleHkiR BO BpeMR nApa II3BeCrZiR 0 BTOpXeHIIn B p a r O B -
f
'I., (I
.,
.(
I.IIIO3eMueB,M O W ((YCTPOeHMR)) B O ~ C KKOsM.reCTBeHHbIe ~ , BOZiHCKAe peeCTb1, TeMa BOI.IIICKO~~ p b ~ a p c K 0 hnOMOIQt1
BbI K Ha3BaHm peKI.1.
,UJlyr Apyry, MIVO-
MOTHB ( ( 0 6 n a q e ~ ~ m) ) ((OTnp2lB.TeHII5D)B BnOXOjI B O ~ H ~ ~ ~ T I ~ H F M ~ ) , oqeHb
noxomwx no caoefi cTnmIcTme (c ,royHocTbm ,yo nepeBoAa ~pyrofi),M O I H O HaCTaWBarb H a HOn0lMATe.m-
FMH 0 M
O w l 4 A Te Xe
Y BCeX
eBp0-
M ~ C I I ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ A. C JH. I ~Beceno~c~oro, ~ O B ~ H H R M. X
C ~ I C K O B(4ka.u-
~ M ~n o~6 0o ~M m e~e , ~ ~ O ~ B Oolyowm~X6 JIIICT onpenenBpeXVI B., TO AaXeTOlIbKO TeKCT CnWCK8 K-6 ITepeBOpMT B P e M e H H p KOOP,DJ4HaTY3TMX CTIIneMeHA TaKOrO ~03~efi~TBklR HHXe 30- 40-x rI..
nOmnra
ZiCTOZIHHKAB npAMeHeHIIH K C ~ ~ ~ C K Os nMOYC y , 3T0 yXe CACJaHO B
IJY3CKOrO 3nOCa, Zi, B WCTHOCTH, XeCr 0 ~ K J o M ~Ha , 0603~a'IeHHbIe
m.Ecrm AaTKpoBKa
BbIPaIeHWR 3TOTO
neficKAx HapOAOB ((BesHble))3IllFlecKHeKmIme. He 6 y a e H ~CKaTb UX
FIOM Zi HenOCPeACTBeHHOM BIMRHWW n03TUKW Zi T0nHKI.I C T ~ P O ( ~ ~ H Kyrm~o~~coro
B ~ I C O KnaTeTI.Ma ~H XPWCTIIaHCKOTO I1 IIaTPWOTHVeCKOrO nOABAR3 B 6opb6e C 3Kcnalrcneii MYCYJIbMaHCKOrO MIpa H e MeIIIaeTnpAMeHXTb
C O A H O r O R3blKa H a
naMn ramn
c r n ~ c ~ awyuero )), OT cw~omma, B ?TOMO ~ ~ I n B oK~ e ~ r ~ t a uee~c~ noe cwonnea~res n s q e c ~ ~KOHCTBHT: ~x ( ( c . ~ I o ~ I ~ HK~O I~ ~ L SI I~) ) ,MOTAB ( ( 6 p a ~ c ~ oBfCi P H O ~ n~O M O I w ) > , CpaBHeHMe r e p O R C COKOnOhI, n o p a x a m u 1 1 ~n~1.111,( k o p ~ y n a ( ( K ~ O B Hno K O ~ ~ H Ono, mew,
I
1
Xanaac~oro, H. E a ~ a m e s m aA. , Bafia~aA Apyrnx n c ~ ~ ~ e ~ o ~ a ~ e n e i i ~ ~ ' . OTM~THM TOJIbKO npaKTlHeCKYIO CMHXPOHHOCTb, B M ACTOpIIqeCKZiX, ppyX rpamO3HbIX CTOJIKHOB~HA~~ Boc~
~ C I I I T ~ ~ ~ X o A~ 3anaa
na
--
K y m u c o ~ c ~ o~i iH
T BH ~ I~ N T B H ~ aI
KOCOBOM n o n e , pa7JMYHbIe
HCXOlpI KOTOPbIX OKa'l2lJlZiCb B l I p Z M 0 f i CBR?Fi C T a K H a 3 b I B X M b I M ((BTOP b l M H)T.OC.TaBRHCKI.IM BJIHRHZleM>) H a KY.TbTYPy H J B I T e p a T Y P Y K O B C K O ~P~ ~ C XV-XI H BB.
MOC-
n a x o ~ ~norogm ti npencTae-r ~ a u 6 o n e e
s a p a m e p n c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~Qmypofi e c ~ o f iB L I C O K O O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ BH bHI Ox o~mOa 133 ~ e p 3 a e ~ o Tfyip K a M I . 1 C e p 6 n 1 . 1 , H a m e m e m npmw B ~a6npaloruefi CH.XbI PYCII, no MHeHEllO A. K m a ~ o ~p yaC, C K a R KY.XbT)"pa XV XVI BB. . TepRH) H a A e X m I A O B e C T I l ~ o r n a - r n 6 y m A0 ~ ~ J I O C T H O ~cocrorrmrr O H a K o n n e m m e M H O I ~p a 3 p o 3 ~ e ~ ~a b He 1 e cBen e H m I e B c m x e M y ~a6mone~arr ki pa3pa6o-m~no s ~ ( ) o ~ k i r e c ~ o C i CHCTeMe ( t C J I o B a ) > N a H a ~ a M M a T k i ' I e C K O M Y H a n O J I H e Her0 ~ TeKCTa. M, H a K O H e 4 , 3 a K a H g k l B a R a H a J l k i 3 K P H T I ~ Z I ~ C KKOO~ H~ q e n W k I 31M k i H a ki er0 n O n b I T K k i O ~ O K A H Y T bYCTORBLUYIOCR ki YCIIeBlUJW n p E 1 o6pecm n o p m o M 3a~xm.18sanax T p a m r m ~ e p a ~ y p ~kio~mefifi ~ a n o - r n e ~ kTi eeK~a a ,
~ p e B H e p y c c K 0 f i3 n H Y e c K o f i no~ a 3 a ~H ba crra6oc~bero a p r y M e m o B , a n e J p y m W X K ( P o J ~ K J I o P H ~ I M ,no er'0 B b I p a X e H k n o ((J'CTHO-nO3TkiYeCKkiM)) ki ( ( ~ ~ u M H H ~ I MCOCTaBSLRH)14iM3'2 )), B ((CJIOB~)), ( ( ~ ~ A o w H ~ ) )II LpYTHX nBMRTHI.iKaX 3 T O r 0 KPYra. Bern C a M H 6 b ~ I k i ~Bb KnaCCkiYeCKOM 1 H O - ~ ~ C T O ~ I ~ ~A~HCTKe pOQ~e ~T a m H
3~b1"', H ~ X H Oy
kiX BOlTJIOl4eHMki H e C P RBCTBeHHbIe Y e p T b I J l H T e p a T Y P H O C T R , C J I e m I
B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T BKIHI RM X H O ~TpaJCUIJ.kIki. ~
C ~ a s a n anpweqy a ~ ~ o p ~ r ~ a ~ ern i b pycc~ofi nee @OJ=KJIOA. C. n ~ x a s e s ao TOM, YTO ((06'bem1~e~ne pycC K O r O 6bme~oro 3 n O C a B e J C U ~ b 1 f iK A ~ B LW(JI C ~ n p O A 3 0 I E r I O H e ll0' 7 m e e CepeJCUHbI XV B.)), W N Y e M ( ( 0 6 ' b e m ~ e H k i e MeCTHbIX O ~ J I ~ C T H~IX c ~ a s a m fBi e m b l i i ~ w e a c ~ k iw f i m B o q y r KHRJII Bnamw11pa COBepUIHJlOCb B 6 b m a x H a n O Y B e T o r 0 Xe KY.XbTa K H ~ kiBer0 ~ KHX3R B n a m ~ k i p a K , O T O P ~ I3aCTaB.WIeT ~~ M O C K B H ' I ~ ~H~a py6exe XIV ki XV BB. B O C C T a H a B J M B a T b AOMOHTO-TIbCKNe 3AaHkIX, P e C T a B P k i P O B a r b ~ H C T ~c Ey m I eHne
n0MOHrOJIbCK)QO X k i B O I E i C b , nOjlHOB.TXTb ki A a B a T b H O B b I e p e A a K W 1 1 IIpOki3BeneHkiIIM K A e B c K o f i pJc'11.,
B 0 3 B O ~ I T blXHeaJIOTIIK) MOCKOB-
CKUX ~ ~ 1 1 3 K e f"i c r a p o ~ yB11aJCU~kipy" ki T.
ero me Teswca o TOM,
YTO
A.))'~', B
nomBepmeH1Ie
( ( 0 6 p a r ~ e ~Kn ~ e a x w i o ~ a m ~A op eisiH o c -
T k l X a p s l K T e p H a R V q T a B o 7 p o w e ~ 1 . 1ki~n p e ~ 0 7 p o ~ e H k iHI aIRCGhl
IIpOCTpaHCTBe
Esponb~ ...>) Bonpoc T O J l b K O B TOM,
KaKOe, C O ~ C T B ~ H -
HO, OTHOLUeHEIe PYCCKEIe 6bIJJk1Hb1 k i M e I o T K ( ( ~ a ~ 1 1 0 ~ a J l b W ~ e0 B#H O C -
P~H~CC~ EB~o~I ) TO ) npeme B c e r o 06pawe~ne K BHTkiYHOCTFI, Wki T O M , YTO I I P e K p a C H a I I MT~JMIIe I U e H e C O C T a B - m e T B e f i E B P O ~*a I . MkiJlaR M a H e p a B b I n a B a T b H Y X H O e 38 nefiCTBE1~e.rlbTkI)), HG r O B O P R
yX
0 TOM, YTO S ~ ~ C T O M ~ T A ~ Y ~q H T a~ R
((Ha B c e M r r p o c T p a H c T s e
H o e C n O M O m I O y B e p e H ~ 0 fHi O M k I H B ~ I I k iMHkihlbIX
~yIIlH0CTefiCOCTaB-
~ e X k I T p b l f i ,H O O Y e H b B a x H b ~ f iM ~ T O ~ O ~ O ~ ~ I CIpHeM Y ~ C KAH ~
o c o 6 e ~ ~ o Oc ~ T ~b Y ~ C T B ~ HI IHC T OO~p~k M J J M T e p a T y p b I . YTO ~a-12 pa3 npH sapeye o H a ~ O B O M~ e HT R AO ~ ~ H Y ~ C KCOCTORHWII, O ~ O onpenemeM O r O Qop~ynofi ((Ponayas y r b H e coruen c y M a OT ~.~IOCTII)). M o m o C K O J I ~ K Oyromo ~ ~ e p m ror no.mofi b Hesasncmocm n OpEIr&iHa.~HOCTki PYCCKHX ~ ~ I J M H O, 6 e c n p n c ~ p a c ~P~a C oCeM O T p e XapaKTepHyIo
0 ee A ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H HMOOCR TH O~ ~C Y m T b n0 TOMY,
Hkie, H a n p k i M e p , T H n W Y H O r O I I p e A C T a B H T e J U l (a(kieBCKOr0 IJHKJIa)) 6 b l J l H ~ b 1( ( M . ~ RM
p o ~ e kiq Mnomwe)) --- n O K a 3 b I B a e T H e T O , YTO ee CBR3b C T e M Re CaMbIM LUIKJIOM n e C e H 0 r k i . r l b 0 ~ eO p a H R CKOM, B YaCTHOCTki, C 3 I I k i 7 0 Z O M 6 0 rkiJlb0~a ~ C Be.WlXaHOM-CapaIlHHOM K O P C O ~ T OHM 7 XeCTbI ( ( K O ~ O H O B ~ ~ KH) JN [ O~B I I K ~ ) ) a , HeOCnO-
TeCHw
PAMYK) TeHeTAYeCKYIO 72lBkiCIIMOCTb. 3 T a 7aBACkIhfOCTb lTpORBmTLIIeTCII
B U m O M KOhilUIeKtX C O B ~ ~ A ~ HH*a CIoXeTHOhi ki 0 6 p a 3 ~ O 0 O~B H e ,
A rOJlOBHW0 YTO Begb JlloTOe JIOXaJlHlqO. fia3HWa YTO Beab nl4BHble qaWnllFa. A HOG-OT BeAb Ha POXfl C JIOKOTb 6bm.
W AaXe B @oH~TH¶~CKOM CXOACTBe kIMeH IXPOeB @ ~ H I J J ~ c K o ~11oPyC-
cKoro moca: Mms n3 M y p o ~ aTO pyccKax a n a n - r a m T n m o ~ a %IJIbobla, B k i m x e n b ~ a ,B n m e x a l r b ~ aki3 Hap60HHa-Ha-M0pe,
a
B ApJT0fi peAaK4ETlI (no PJ'KOIMCHXVIlI B.)'".
W a e , He snoxn Bnam~kipaCsmocnaskiqa. A ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ OTKyAa JI~HO B3,XTbCX PYCCKOMY 6oran1pm BO BpeMeH a B n a m ya K p a c ~ o e Co.m~lmcoB M y p o ~ c e ero yr-po-@ki~c~m H ~ c W I ~ H UTJT ~ MH ? a w rOBOpHIb 0 T k i l l O ~ O ~ e Q c O CXOACZBe, M noaAanTawH, BO BCXKOM
1 ~ ~ 0 ! 1 1 3H~ ~ 0 Y I X X ~B ~ I ~
1
pOm4~OM ~ J I ~ I ~ O C TH ~C HT ) O P I I K O - ~ ~ KYO CB J I~ O IBX ~ I ~ki3m6neHH0fi ~, nan0YKe-Bbl'pJ'YanOYKeCOBeTCKHX rope-KOMnapaTkiBUCTOB A0 CaMO-
ro nocnemero BpeMem. K p o ~ en o ~ a 3 a m ~ b no cno-mrx ~ MeXm ~
J
I
O
~
1
I O AM K O H C T ~ H T Z I H OKaK ~O~ ~~J'llHekIIkIhiZ1 ~M, XPHCTH-
aHCK0-peJII.ir'kiO3HbIMki UetITpaMkI, P a B H O HaXOARIDJ.IMkICXB OCaAe
nssecmii r m o u o ~o m w e m l h06 OCaAe cc6oxbero VaAa)) COOTBeTCTBeHHO OT Moryrero mrmrrpaMa c ~ m ~ ou f ( (i C Z I - ~ H O ~Moryqero)) O Ka.mn nepexoxero, cosnaneHna mrrepaTypHbrx n peam~o-~~cropmecmx
capaqns
ki TaTap, no.nyeIm
AOBEIKa ki kbbefi
K O H ~ C C H O H ~ J I ~ H@ ~ IYXH K ~ HB~I I~~ ~ W T ~ ~ C K ZIhfnepaTOpa OTO
(((UapX
KOHCT~HTAH~))) W PZIMCKOrO ~~BOCBXIIIeHHHKa, AfXanefi nOeAI.rHK a caMoro camHoro c b p a ~ u y 3 c ~ o rpbmapn o n caworo Moryrero PyCCKOrO 6oranrpa CO CTpaIZlHblM BeJIkIKaHOM-X3bFIHktKOM, OTKa 3a Mm . W OT npeAJIOTeHFIX K O H C T ~ H T WOHCT ~aTbCH ((Ha TBTe-VbCTBO)) w cTaTb B O ~ B O A Ou~a~p b r p a ~ a1.1 oma3a rw-mo~aOT npemoxeHWH K0PO.W re@be OCTaTbCH B M~amrwW OT AOXXHOCTZI MeLTO-
I
/
372
TepaTypmIe napame-m H a
p a 3 6 e p e ~JIM-
ypoBHe n 3 0 6 p a 3 m e . m ~ b 1CpeAcTB, ~ HC-
no.m3ye~b1x,HanpwMep, ,~UIS-IC O ~ Z ~ H Z Io6pasa H
pycc~oro6 0 r a ~ b l p s
nepecBeTa, BCTJTWBIIIerOB e ~ k i ~ 0 6 0 p cCTaTaPkiHOM-Be.rMKaHOM r~o T a s p y n o ~rZrM T e ~ k l p - ~ y p 3 0 f i . HaVaSId OTMeTklM C03BJ"IZleB
HoCTH M C ~ M O ~ ~ I T H O PYCCKZIX CT~~ 6bInkiH
6bln TOT eBHpen H 6e306pa3e~e BWY: O r 0 ~ bn3 m83:KaU YmH, UPaCHblX IlblllleT; lllnpo~niino6, Heyecatsan rpesa; M e x rna3 non-noma ~06pb1x y ~ e c ~ ~ ~ e n , Ypomnseti H a YenoseKa B Mnpe. Ecrb y Hac noraHoe E i ~ o n e q o A p o c ~ ym e eaxeHn neraTHblnx, B w u p n ~ ycameHb 6bma neyaTHan,
Ho ,~UIS-IHac cefi11acs a m o oTpaxeHwe BbImeynoMsHworo 3 n ~ CKOrO lIITK.rIa. O T B J I ~ K ~O X TC kiC ~TOPkI9eCKkiX pea.V&,
B MHO~OZIZIC.rI~IX MOHOT~~@ZIII]( ki CTaTbRX H a TeMY
~ ~ H ~ B o3 a~oo~Ke ~, b e ) : ...s ~ n pKo~coJI~T mnncn.
K a K > 09epeP$I)'EOYTOH9eIIHYH) HacMeImy
amopa HaA CBOW ccrepoeM)). npeme Bcero, C
O M H ~ T ~ ~ H O
C a M O CmeCTBOBaHkie ~ p 0 4 e e B B B k U e n09eTHbIX BOkiHCKNX per'aJlHfi:
no AaHHbIM JIeTOnMCHOrO paCCKa3a ki I.13 TeKCTa ((CXOBB)) RBCTBYeT, qT0 B l l e p B O M CTOJIKHOBeHkiI.1((xpa6pb1epyCll9I.1))3aXBaTki.W TOJIbKO
,
NKpaCHbIX AeBOK nOnOBerpuIX)) C kiX T p R l l K a M k i , H ~ & J . ~ H H ~ B InoM~.I
I
.!IOBeUKPiXBeXaX, Aa H ~ M H o ~ ~ ~ M C . ~ I((IlOnOH)) ~ H H ~ I BO ~ ~BpeMR H04HO-
ro npecnenoaaem O T C T ~ ~ ~ B I I I I . Ino X rmaay, oseampo, sapaHee npoq w a H H o M y , nonoBeImkix BOHHCKHX C O ~ ~ I H ~ HC I .oI ~ ~ ~n. a ~ e snw ~ue T a a B p y c c ~ o - @ p a ~ u y ~ nape c ~ o i ct6e.ran i xopyrab - Genbtii C T R ~ ) ) O C O ~ ~ B H IIOKa3aTe.TbHO O B CBR3I.I C TeM, IiTO HI.1 B PylcOnkICHbIX
1
na-
MXrHkIKaX COOTB~CTBYIOLIlerOnepHOAa, Hki H a MkiHI.laTlOpaXPa~.3klB ~ ~ J I O B C KJIeTOnlICki O~~ He BCTPeYaIOTCR C T R r n 6e.r1oro 4BeTa. Ha MkIHPI~TIOPIX H ~ ~ B ~ H HneTonlicAoro O ~ O cmma mmn m e m T Tpeyr0.m~ y Um ~ ~ H 4 Oo p ~Byp,a~c ~ p a u l e wBl ~ e q e ~ t nf i~i p a c ~ b uBma lti M OT-mNaH)'TCR3iia'IlITeJIb~ofi Mllklofi. K o m e ~ l m o H e tdBCpIUEIe meBKa Ha HeKOTOpblX ~ 3 0 6 p a x e m 1n~03xBO.TReT nPeAIIOJlOiKkITb, WO CTRr~ ziepemo KpenHJmcb K ~ p e Goenoro ~ ~ y KonbR. X a p a ~ ~ e raKxe p~o HPIX ~ i a - r ~ c~m.uoii, we npk~.rleraroueiiK memy nonocbl c Tpeun s n n ~ a n ~H uKpenneiille w npeBMy B OTAeJlbkIbIX TO'IKaX. BO (Ppa~LtpCKOM '3nOCe npO4eA)'pa KpelUIeHHH PbIUapCKOrO CTRra K KOnbIO - -
i
O T A ' ~ J I ~ H~~~I~ G0, f i 9 k I BI1 b 06~3a~e.Tb~bifi lii MOTHB:
I
S a m F I ~ a B ~ u l k i 1 1 ~ 1 . 1 - ~ ~ ~ O P Ha O J IMEimIa'llOpaX, ~MU. Ha9I.IHaR yXe c 1 135 r., A ~ O ~ ~ ~ X ~ I @ O Tn C r yR pB~3 a n a m o e ~ p o n e f i c pbIuapc~~1~ Knx Aocnexax (CM. MaprnHamHoe n?oGpamemie KHexTa, o6na.le~Horo B Kona, mrpo~nti ~ y p ~ n p ~ wneM, b r i i 60eBb1enepqamn c pacTpy6a~1.1 Ha n. 166 (0. c.), n p k i c y ~ c ~ ~n306paxe~wa yro~ T ~ Y ~ R U ~ J ~ repomfioB H a n. 167- 169, H a Mnmianope (n. 233), ~znmoclpkipymweii pacc~ayo noxoae W r o p ~C~moc~raensa, pyccKne BokiHbr BOOPyXeHbI a p 6 a n a a ~ n o6pa3qa XV B.; CM. T a m e Mmmanopy, OTHOcnuymcrr K BpeMeHaM m b ~ m k5lponomca ~ EI Bnamukrpa, H a n. 195, me npeKpacHo n 3 0 6 p a x e ~cnoco6 yapsxamix HaTRxHoro ap6aneTa, a k13 6 0 k n 4 . 1 ~ O ~ O A C K6 O am ~ ~~ n BbITJMAbIBaeT ITyLLtKa. Y K ~ X Y aTIopaX yKpauleHbI MYCY.TbMaHCKkiM nO.TI)'MeCRUeM,
B TO BpeMR K a K
IlOnOBU61, K a K I.~~BWTHO,~OJI~LII~ CKJIOHIUEICb K XPkICTkiaHCTBY. hap-
6m13~nK ~ 3 0 6 p a ~ e H I . 1 ~ ~ 0~~6qr~ XPOHZMM, ~ 0 f i 3HaTHbIe XeHuIkiHbI o n a b l B esponefic~oe n n a n e no p e ~ e c c a ~ c ~hione. o G Ha sanambIe WpTbI B CTEIJMCTkiKe ((cKa3aH1.1~ 0 Ma~aeBo no6on1qe)) ~ yKa3bIBan B CBOe BpeMII (PPPHUY~CKEI# UCC.UeAOBaTeJIb A. BafiaH3". B KaqecTse npkmepa B ~ I R H H R3anamoe~ponetic~ofi snPm H a n a o XaTHbIe rOnOBHbIe ~ 6 0 p b 1 K H I I ~ & 09eHb
nHCklbIe TeKCTbl3TOrO IIqEiOAa llp&IBe,LQ'xapaK~epHb1fi MOTPIB I
:I
)I
Bpe-
M ~ H H O ((YTpaTbI ~ ~ paCCyAKa)) nOA BJtl3RHI.leM HeIIPklRTHOTO, r'OpeCT-
CBRTOCBoawmsa B
H O r O I.I3BeC'rkIR,ki~Il0.TLb3~e~blG npkI11306p%i~e~kikl peaK4kIkI nPiL(eB0~JIeTOnHCHOM CBOAe
B ~ Co TpasrpoMe W ~ Mropeaa
XVI B. ( n a n ~ e B c ~TOM): I6 KHX~L BE-
nnun me unescunn csmrocnaea e c e e o n o ~ v a n . npovnn uumsn cnuluaslue. o cpoAunqep ceonp. rauo co~eopnlueecr.eo3nnaualue upnvalue aun oyMa n cmarcna ncnuolua. B ((CnosenTaKiKe npncyTCTByeT 3TOT TW~I?IY~CK& MOTFiB (UI0TepI.jpaCCyAlCau: Ct7A~'hKH%?3N
AtTeJ&CTBYIOIUeM,9TO B 06b19~0e B p e M R CTRrki-XOPYrBI.1XpaHWJMCb
noxo~nncqcnm Aoq sennicaro. C n e ~ w a m ~no c ~c a~ ~ apo(bpa~UY~CKOG JlMTepave He HaAO paCCKa3bIBaTb, HaCKOJIbKO PaCqOCT-
OTAeJIbHO OT ,D,PeBKa lIJIki 3ableHIW~eI'O CI'O KOnbR ki AaXe, KaK OKa-
PaHeHHbIM XBJIXeTCR 3TOT @ o P M Y J I ~ H0~6 I $0~ ~ BO 0 ~@PIH~YSCKOM
XPkiCTHaHCKO-~ePOEI4eCKOM 3nOCe, B qaCTHOCTki, B ( ( ~ ~ c H 0C P
3bIBaeTCR, -- B PblUaPCKRX LUTaHaX. P a ~ 3 m n n o ~ c arar ~ a xK e ~ m c 6 e p r c pytconacb, ~a~ co3KaHHaa B
KOHIle
XV B.,
BO
BpeMeHa IIapCTBOBaHkIR M B ~ 111, H ~COAepXkiT MHOria coAepmaHkIe ti m ~ m c -
rorPicJreIIHbIe cneml s a n a , ~ ~ b BJMIIHNH ~x
Tkncy ee TCKCTa, Ha XapaKTq Pi COCTaB I . ~ M I . M E ~ ~ ~v ~I @L= M W. ~ ~
B u s o 6 p a x e m ~ xapXHTeKTypHbIX 0~
~ ~ K TOSeBrnbl O B roTkf%CKI.Ie
X
AOnOJIHkiTeJIbHO Ha TO, 9TO HaBepIIIkUI IIIOlIOBeIMkIX CTIITOB H a MIIHN-
nasa B c e ~ o . ~ o ~ o ~~a k i~r aI ~
WlTeJIbHOCTlI pkiT)'aJIa ((HaBOlOreHkiR)> CTRroFi, OWOBpeMeHHO CBH-
I
TaKOBbIX B I.LnrM)MI.IHBLwS k
nrur
B < t 3 a n o ~ w m e?TOT )) MO~IB npoxs.meTcx B n o ~ e p ~ ~ y 313aroii
a~-
KOB qe~blpeXYF'OJJ5HbIeOTAeTIbHO mOIIUlJ3e ~ ~ ~ ~ T H W - ~ O CH3X~O6 H - ~ ~
o~~H-
A m , B xecTax rnmoMoBcKoro m n a .
AJIX
n e p e m ~ p o a e e aB ((Cno~e)) xapaKTepHo oTcy.rcraue B HeM CKOTa, K O ' T O ~ 6b1n ~ I ~ ~~ O J I ~ I I I OU GeHHOCTbIO A B PYCCKNX nOXOAaX B C ~ e l l bB m m r I C R XmaHHofi ~ 0 6 b ~ e i~i . O J I O h o~p ,b He XOTWI CBR3bIBaTb C&e pyr&l, o 6 0 m a ~ c ~aIC0fi b lUIOX0 I.1Me&JHMO
1
I
Jofib~se,B3HT0fi uMn ~ e sucna: 7
KOHH, II Ka3Hq xne6, n Mnco, 11 ~ y u q
n0CTaJIncb HM U
BIIHO,
H
Monaurecmeo fwit,o~a,L,YXXIX: 5428--5430
s m a B n e p e r H e s a x s a s e m b l x y T a T a p npono M e ~ b ~ l eMf ei p e , C T p a H H O : 3 0 . r I O T O O p ~ I ~K I
nocKomKynpkqrcTBkie BWBHTCKEIX 3 a n a C O B , KOHUY
XrV B. llPekMyLI&?CTB(2HHO
pOHCnOBeAaHIIIo, T a K
Q H H a 4 1 I C K a J l H K MYCYJIbMaHCKOMY B e -
Xe K a K C T P a H H O ki BKmO'IeHUG
B 3TOT nCperGHb
no 3Ha¶eEIMIO C (Nac b m cm), ~ ( a a c b m c m ) , ( q a o m ronom. HOp y m e B O ~ H a~ Ky.m~I KOBOM none, K a K u ux xemj n o M a , BO BCRKOM cnyrae, H e ronona-mi. 3 ~ c a- r p a ~ ~ o m nonyraer b H e n n o x o ep a 3 p e m e m r e , e m ~ W T ~ I B HeRCHOTO ((HaCbI'IeBe)), B 0 3 M O X H O CBR3aHHOTO
~ T
3 l D I r e C K p H H q m , CHTYaLWOHHO-CMbICrIOBp H e ~ O B O P O T J M B O C T b B npncnoco6ne~nn((UeHTOHHhIX)) n p n ~ e n e ~ ~@bp~a f~i ~ y 3 c Cm ~I C
~ ~ H M C T B O B M, ~ HWHO~ B~ BbItIIeO ((BHHO, K A
w~e6,ZI MRCO, H M p a ) )
lTOna.VM T o m K O n O T O M y , W O l T p e n C T a B m O T ~ 0 6 b I Y H3TOJIOnaBUlkiXy CR B
A.r~nHac no6yne~cepe6po H 3na.r-o: I , l c n a ~ c ~~t ~ y xn o IIs u o ~ e iropnsnx. i
narepe MYCY-TbhfaH O ~ H ~ P Y R I ~ .6011bu1ne ~ I C ~ BkIHTPo@~BB 3 n k i 9 e C K O M ~ 1 3 0 6 p a x e ~ k in uo c n e m n M B H a m e M conocTasnemrn n p n M e p o M :
UM nPllWJIOCb -
@paHl!y7bl B3ILqM MHOXeCTBO IlIaTpOB;
U l a ~ p o s nanaTor, , c y ~ ~ ~ y cu K o ~s H O E : H a 6 n ~ b 1 3OnOTOM x Hcepe6po~; nerasblx, n ~ O P ~ ~III rQH'IIIS X , flCOB.
napI~b1 U CKpbIHII C J O J I O T O ~ ~K ~ ~ H o G :
ICoseii n Mynoe,
T a ~ n x~ O
Onlpovecmgo runboma, L,YX'XV: 3 112--3116
3 ~ n ao 6 b 1 r a n o c T a n a c b rpa@y 3 ~ e p aO, T U ~r k i m o ~ anocne K ~ O B ~ B cern. O ~ B~ K O T O ~ O O H~ C~ ~ W J I ~ O M O pa3QOMEIInKOPO.M M TIIGO CJX~BOHCKOI'O C er0 p a 3 H O n J I e M e H H b I M B O ~ ~ C K OkiMK O T O P ~6exan ~ ~ K ~ o p mr ,~ o 6 b y1 n . m ~ ~B bCBOH snanemx, H a x o m u w e c u , cym no mar ~ ~ oreorpa@uw, f i r n e - T O H a 6eperax AD&~WITMKH. He CTaBJIK) T O r e K H a n i B CXOACTBe 3 ~ 0 f CHTyaLlJlH i C ~ ~ ~ C T B O MM a M a R B Ka4y. B c B o e B p e M a A. A. 3 n ~ m 3 a ~ y ~ b r ~ a n omyna c x , B pmy 6naroponK H H ~ ~ O C I ' Y I I H O ~ ~oc~op6nemx (
0 6 ~ 13 H) a T H O C T H p O A a pyCCK%IX Maxiaii)) B b I U I e n p k I B e & e H H a R JIeCCa O r e H b 661
~ m 3 e f i 3, a ~ e c a n a c b( ( O X O T ~ I Y ~cR0 6 a ~ a )) ((nora~b~fi nec 7aHHTepeCOBana
,e C . !
H e nOJIHOCTbI0 Y A O B n e T B O P k i n a 6 b 1 W O k I H T e -
pec. Cnepymmiti C n H C O K ~ 0 6 b 1 r newe 6onee n TaBneHMM C TaKOBbIM B ((~~AoHIIJHH~)):
o ~ a 3 a ~ e Bn conoce ~
H napry, H menu; ~ ~ T CH T e BtlneJI B Mnp nOTOJIb
OHII7a6par1t1BCe ?TOao6po B n a p ~ i xm , e U I Y W H O ~ H K O B Hapon ~~ ... hrionatuecmeo funbonra, C: 6306631 1 ( ( ~ Y ~ ~ C Tu BO Beceme
Pyc~oiiU I ~ M . ~B~O-me )) CTORT m o B a m u 1 npno6pmamwero Y T O M H T ~ J I ~ H ~ I ~ ~
I
napaxas H a
I
x a p a K T e p n p k i B e n e H n a n o n o m u i T e m H b r x O r e B W b I X CM~ICJIOB~IX, o6pa3m1x H
7 6 a s . m ~MeHR O T
name CTkiJIEiCTHreCKHX,
H e B 3 H P a R H a n e p e B O A ki p a 3 H O -
pawno6b1re X e H , 3 n H T e T O B w k i O P Y T H H H KOHIIX, O v a -
113bI4HYIO 6 a 7 y , ( ( T O m e C T B ) ) , B p O A e PYCCKkIX U n a P H T C K I l X
H a l X OXOTHHYbMX H T H U , K O T O P b I e n p H B O ~ i U I V Z i C AJM b XapaKTepkICTM-
9TO
u aB-
H b I e 7 a n a C b I . ~ ~ K O H ~ 3H T YM3KCn.TllXKaUZ.IK)
T ~ MKH O r O ~ 3 m MynOB, 0 CKaKyHOB :
(K-6). MOTHOH a A e R T b C R ,
Q p a ~ ~ y 3 c ~xe n ec o 3 n a ~ e m snoca, K a K
TeJIbCTBOM, 9 T O B
Ompovecmeo Tu.vbonra, ,YX,YVI: 1530- 1531 C W I T ~n06b1'1~ T~ nO.WO
ocane napuxas.
T O P H P e a a K T O P b I ( ( 3 a ~ 0 H q k i ~ b I )H) N v b H e C M Y q e H b I T e M O ~ C T O I I -
U&iXcR60TaTofi
l I
XaIo-X
kiX n p O l I C X O ~ e H H eki ( ( @ H P M ~ H H o ~ ) ) , IlIkiPOKO ki3BeCTHOe
KarecrBo.
IIoxa@,
CXOACTBO OrIkiCaHIlR Uy3aMH H
XV B.),
TaTap
(B
CTOHT T O ~ K Op a ~ a ewe ~ bH a r p e 7 s b t r a f i ~ o e 6 e r c ~ Tj'POK, ~a p a 3 6 1 1 T b 1 ~ n0n f l a p H ~ i t e M@ p a H Kpamofi J I ~ T O ~ H C HlTOBeCTH, O~~ C n H C O K 40-x IT.
3 K C n p e C C H B H b I X K a p T H H k i 3 6 n e ~ ki n ~IIOTOllJIeHkIII ((HeXPUC-
Tefi)) COOTBeTC'rBeHHO B P e K a X
C G HZI~Mere:
Ha l ' y p O X HaWH MqaTbCR, K a X nOTOK, k p y r HX H a K O n b e , pa3nT MereM, A HeXPHCTW H e B CNnaX n a T b O T n O p : OTCTpaX.4 K a ~ b lCi T U C ~ ~ P ~ HCXOX. O M ~ Y C ~ ~ ~ uronert I O T C Hay-reK, ~ 9 ~ 0 CMepTli 6 ~ 3 6 e X a T n1o60h b qe~oi, P e r y ~B paccrpoiime K C e ~ npRMnKoM! e ~ I ~ I T W T CcRn a m ~ i c KTO b B n n a B b , KTO B ~ P U A , Ho TaK pexa 6 b r c r p a lr 6pon r n y 6 o ~ , YTO r n 6 ~ ,qecnTb e~ T ~ I C6 R e~r n e ~ o -a Bee 3axne6~ynrlcbI4 Ilolllnrl H ~ A H O . A JCTO xo~e-T y i ~ CYXHM n nyreht, TOTn n b Y ~ I I Tn, n b yr0nll.q B n o n o H . A ~aurnnocne, 61c1ourn. celcyqe noranblx 612M~UIOCTII. 6 0 r b 60 HeBIIneMOH) CIInoH) yclpawn cbl~blaraprllbl, tl no6eroma o6pa~11 nneqn CBOII t i a %3Bbt, n ~ ~ 0 3 opyxneM 1 1 nwoma, a npysrrrr B peue nc-ronoma. 1.i mama nx ,qo peKM ,qo Meel: Ir T a M o MHOXeCTBO WX ~36r1ma; a apyonn norpn~omaB BoAe n ncTonoma.
A nOTOMj' OvamiYYCb fIOJIJWeHHblMkIPe3YJIbLUUl CJIGAyMIIMX, eLm He 6e3a' BblBOJIOB, TaK He JMllleHHbIX pe3OHa M H ~ H ~ G :
CKOM B ~ I ~ P ~B H T HOO .
TaTaMH, KOTOPbIe JIaWT OCHOBaHWR neJUIlUHOHHblX ---
~ P H C ~ T BO CT BCeX B ~C I~ ~& K ~ (X( ~ ~ ~ o H I Q ~ OT9tTJDlBbIX IH~I))
CJIeAOB ~ ~ A ~ K T O ~nO.XBaJIbl C K O ~ C ~ o @ o ~ 3a m BO3pOXJleHHeo 6 ~ r a a B03T.UaLUeHkIII ((CJlaBbI))W nOXBaJIbI PJrCCKWMKHR7bRM K a K 3alUI.ITHH-
K a M Pycc~oti 3 e ~ m n XpkICTHaHCTBa nome &mITeJmHoro nepepblea Ha nepnon OT nopameHzIR H a Kame no no6em1H a K Y . ~ O B Onone M CBmCYTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, 'IT0 BCe CyIUeCTBJ'IOlUWe CnEICKI.1( ( ~ B A o H ~ ~ w -
HLI)), BKJRO9aR
K-6, BOCXOmT K TeKC'ry 3 ~ 0 fPenaKUWII, i a He HenOC-
PenCTBeHHO K TeKCTY ( ( k ~ a ~ k CO+OH~ZII)). l l T ~ K W0M 6 p a 3 0 ~T,GK-
C'ronorIrrecKne oTHorueHsn c<pacnpoc-rpaHeHHarx)),conepxamix n many, ,I nnar p e n a ~ w ~ iIIi ,ccxpamoii))(npenma~me~ofi, K a K npnHIITO, CnUCKOhl
K-6) p e A a w k l nepGHOCHTCR BO BpeMetIHOe lTpOCTpaH-
CTBO XV B., 9TO ParnaJIbHO H?MeHReT B P ~ M ~ H HUIapaMeTp O~~ ~p0fiCTBeHHblX B ~ ~ H M O O T H O ~ G H E (I13 npyrux naMarHHKBX P Y C C K O ~nUCbMZHHOCTll ~
XI- XI1 BeKOB. M.,1991.
' r0rZUIBllnU A. A. C T ~ P O @ P ~ H U Y~ o~ NC 'KI ZHC~ K~ H3nOC ~ ~ U &IOBO 0 nOnKy
Ifropzse)). // A ~ ~ B HPycb ~ I RH 3anan. H a y s ~ ~a o~r ~ @ e p e ~ uKl lHa . I Ipe3Io~~ Me. M., 1996,c. 7C79; OH me. Ilosehty n o m ne6em B (CIIOBC o nomy I,lrope~o>. // repMeHeBTlkKa ~ P ~ B H Z P Y C C K JIUTepaTypbl, O~~ ~ 69.. M.,1998, C. 16-32. H a c n e m l H H a ~ ~ ~ ~ A O H I U EAI H ~ ~p) )y ~n ra M e m m m u , C B R ~ ~ ~ co I Hcpa~ I ~ r0l~eUI~llnll A. A. Bo~MJ'THT~JI~ C ~ O K O ~ ~ L ~ ItJlU B H I KOe-'IT0 ~ HOBOZ 0 ((CXOB~ 0 x e H n e M H a KYJMI~OBOM noxe, H a n a r a m r u e e c x H a crnemr n e p ~ ~ r r ~ o r o n o x y kIropese>>.// ~ H ~ H I I Z -1997, C H ~M~ I, , c. 107-113; 2, c. 78--87; OH B . ~ H I . I R , C o x p a m B L u t l e c x B ( ~ ~ I I T O H H ~ I PX~)H) M C T B O B ~ H U I I X UP c t C n o me. Tpoa-Tpoam--Tpoa~bB Cnose o nomy Mropese). // 3 ~ a ~ u z - c u n1997, a, N 3 : c. 102-111. s a o n o m y Mropese)).He Z I C K ~ ~ ~ I ~snome ~ T C R c o P H a T e . m H o e o6pa"O~MOXZH nli TaK0fi rHeB B AyUIaX Y'IeHblX Mymzfi? (JIaT.) i I I e t I t l e a B T O p a 11 P e A a K T O p O B ( ( ~ ~ A o H ~ Z I H ~HI )JlJ)yrZIX ) npOA3Bt3AeCM. no BTOMY noBony: AMHT~HZB JI. A., TBOPO~OB 0 . B. ecCnoso o nomy kfropzse>>B uHTepnpaaunH C y n z i i ~ e ~ o s\\a Pyccraa . nll.repaTypa. JI.: 1976, HAG 3 n O X J I K C T ~ P O $ ~ ~ H ~ Y ~ C K rOe PMO U Y W X K O M J ' 3 n O C y , XOTH 60nee I, C. 254; nltXa'IeB A. C. floramu 11 @ ~ H T ~ ~ BH ItCTOJIKOBaHHU I I TCKCTa B e P O H T H O 06mee B.rMRHMe .rMTqaTJ'l)HOTO YCBOGHblR Pi OCBOeII&ISIK a ccCxo~ao nonKy 111opese)). \\ JI~lxasee C. ccCno~oo nonKy Ilropese 11 KAX-TO n e p e B o a o B KJMnepenoxe~uKi nocnemero, M O T ~ T ~ ~ I T ero L , KynbTypa er0 BpeMeHll)>.n . , 1978, C. 314; 0 6 c y w e ~ 1 t KHllrll e O M ~ CyC ~ JIefiMeHo~d((A3U a>>Ha COBMZCTHOM PBCUIItpeHHOM 3aCZAaHUH 61opo O T A ~ c ) p a m c o - n ~ a m x ~ c ~s enpsc k ~ G c, n e . ? a s H b r x H a 6 a 1 1 ~ a ~ aBx ,Aa-maJIZHkIX IICTOPIIII W 61op0 O T A Z ~ ~ HJIltTepaTYPbl UII I1 R7blKa AH CcCP. \\ I11IA, B 7 0 H e K O H I ' I L T O B ~ O ~ K H O C J I ~ B R H C K 11OF~ I~ T ~ ~ O - ( ~ ~ ~ H U ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ Bonpocbl ~ICTOPIIII. M., 1976, Ng 9, c. 147. C MaTepllnnaMu sacena~llaGwpo 4 K K a s a x c ~ a ~YllTaTeAb a MOXZT 03HaKOMUTbCII B HOBOM H3AaHIIlI KHHTH . Q I T ~ ~ ~ T ~ 3~nH~ YOeGc K o f i~i3.IlJIUZIZl. MOXIIO AOBO.TbH0 Y B v e H H O C y n e f i ~ e ~ o sBblUIenUICfi a, B AnMa-ATa B 1985 rOAy. CM. TaKXZ CTaTbIo I l O X a r a T b T R K T e , 9 T O ((HOBbIG)) CTblmlCTblYGCKUe Y v T b l ZI HEOaHCbI B ccIloc,wcnoa~~e K onanb~ofiKHIII e>>. \\ J I ~ ~ ~ e p a ~ rasera! y p ~ a aN9 29 (5303) ( ( ~ ~ A o H ~ H 11 H B~ APJ'rbIX )) I l a M R T H H K a X K Y J I ~ I K O B C K O ~WKna O I 1 neo.r 18 iirona 1990 r. A. -- I ~ C ~ ~ IccCno~o~>>. T ~ H U \\~ HUKIITIIH A . Toslta 3peHIIR. M. T O m I C a H Z I R XV-XVI BB ., 7 J e M e H T b I ~ M ~ . ~ M ~ ) u aeTa.lM~ u ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ oHWKIIII~H , 1985; CM. TaKXZ: ~ I l ~ l l TA. l ln ~. < ~ ~ O 0 B n0nKy O lIropeBZ>>.TZKCT~I. COwpywuero x a p a K T e p a B ~ c p u c ~ n a ~ ~ c ~ o - r e p o r r rpbrqapc~lrs ec~t~x, 6blnia. JIronli. M.!1998 r. M O T A B a X , B B O e H H O M t l ~ ~ I T O B O TMO n O C e B 3 ~ a Y E i ~ e . r l b H 0 fCi T e n e H Z i ' flllxa'IeB A. C. ~ P O T W AUJIeTaHTU3Ma B B 113y'IeHHU VCJIOBB0 nOnKy Ii10peBe>>.\\ L I c c ~ e n o s a ~cqcnoaa ~ ~ a o nonKy Lfropese)>.JI.. ccHay~m,1986, C. 196; 0 6 y ~ J i 0 ~ n eH~hbl e1H l I O 7TFIM A O n O J I H H T e J I L H b I M B ~ l ~ e f i ~ T B A3ea hl Xi d A P O ~ U H C M. O HA., C a 7 o ~ o s aJI. II. Hecoc~oa~weecu O T K ~ ~ I T U Z\\. T ~ me, M c. ~ ~ e B p ~ n e f i ~ JKM&T el pXa T 4 P H b I X iICT0YHbIKOB. 197-219. TO npOTUBOCTORHlle A. C. JIl~xasesaII ero nocnenosa~eneficccaMOYBepZHHOMy AllJIzTaHTy HUKIITIIHY)>, Memy npO'IllM, ~ ~ O @ ~ C C I I O H E X J I ~ H O - - Kpyr ZICTOYHMKOB, o 6 b r r ~ o n y l I a n e K a e h . r b r x npu p e I l l e H a k r MY apxeonol y u IICTOPUKY, ~ a q m o c be q e B 1984 I oay, B K ~ H Y H800-nm~ero npo6neub1T e K c T o n o r t r n I e c K n x O T H O ~ ~ ~ ((Cno~a)), H P I ~ ~ ((~~AOHIIPII~I)) 1o6unea uCnosa)>,npOBOAHBUIeIOCa nOJI 3rllnofi mHECKO OOH no UHIIM JlJ)YrRX n a M H T I I H K O B K ~ . ~ W ( O B C KUEIK.rla, O ~ O HGO~XOJRIMO paCUIZ1UuaTklse roro me caMoro ccAuneraklra>>:6blsmero B ro epeMn celcperapeht ~ O C T O R H H OKOMUCEUIi ~~ no 113y'IZHHIo >B r\El47 OT 21 ~ o n 6 p nTor0 Xz r0?a) U BblJIUJIOCb B nOCJIeAyIoqUX YKmaHHblX CTal'bRX B OTKPOBeHHble, C MOeU TO'IKU SPeHHII, I'ePOHYeCKOTO 3 n O C a , COlTOCTaBHTG.'lhHOe CI3YYeHEle IIX M O X t T Pe-b HeAOnyCTllMble B n1o60ii, E M 60nee Hay'IHofi, AUCKYCCUU O C K O P ~ ~ ~ H UHNII M H O r A e a K T y a . m H b I e 3 a A a Y A TGKCTOJIOrl.lFi tl r e p M e H e B l u K P i ( ( ~ ~ A o H KUTliHa. He XOYy TpaTUTb BpeMR Ha AeMOHCTpaUUK) I1 KpUTllKY BCeX HBTIIW H ~ I1.1~uCnosa o nomcy Mropese)). XZK, nepe~ep1UBaHUfiU y ~ ~ ~ ~ l aB ~yn0MRHYTblX kifi CTaTbIIX, Tame KaK Ha 3aqklTy 'IaCTll RBHO cna6blx U YIl3BUMbIX ~ O C T ~ O ~HHI ~N K~ N~ T N B (H T C~K O H PZIYIiOe, AOlTOJIHtITe.rIbHOG B o P ~ e f i c ~ B P @ i ep a H U y 3 C K O r O 3 n H Y e C K O r O
a.
-
