Моделирование процессов регистрации космического излучения высоких энергий

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Author: Назаров С.Н.

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1# !2- 0 +- 0,+ -2 , - 0

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σ 3 / 3

σ 3 / 4

45

4/5

3.5

2.5

3 2 2.5 1.5

2

1

1.5 Atarg

0.5 0 σ 3 / 4

1

50 100 150 200

Atarg 0

σ 3 / 6

4-5

3.5

50 100 150 200

4+5

5

3 4 2.5 3

2 1.5

2

1

Atarg 0

Atarg

1

50 100 150 200

0

50 100 150 200

2 6 !! 6 0 0,70,+ -2 , - 0 - 2-

8 ,0 2 6# + !- 9" 6 :; 453 1 4/53 ( 4-5 .!-F*8!F 7 7*7 *7 , !*8* @ -* 8 .7 , ?7*A + QC RC @) 7* 8 C )!FE*, 8 )@77 + 7G7*+ ?7*A +*8.*! + + @*- 7F ?-*8 +787> 5*!! C @ & *8 >D*8!F 8 D) C .8 D> D*!*.86 8 .7 !86 78* -F5 *GA @ )- F@ @*!F8> @ -*, 5*78 .7 !86 78*+ 7F >.!-*7 78*+-67> !*.*7, ! !8-F*8 *-.7 8 + G* F@

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Sp(u)

45

1

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

7 7 7 7 7 7 7

0.4

0.2

0

0

4/5

1

0.25

0.5

MG MG

MG FG FG

FG G

0.75 v 1

7 7 7 7 7 7 7

0.4

0.2

0

0

0.2

MG MG

MG FG FG

FG G

0.4

u

N !, 0 , - 6 + ,0 !

- 2+ 27 6 0 7 45 /2- 0 ! 7 4/53 -6 ! J K +, ,0 - ! 2 6 + !- 6 6

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N(ε)

N(ε)

10 3

45

10 3

10 2

10 2

10

10

1

1 -0.02 -0.01

0

0.01 0.02 -0.02-0.01 ε

4/5

0

0.01 0.02 ε

!, 8 / !0 ! -6 6 !

- 7 2+ 26 0 7 45 /2- 0 ! 7 4/5 .8 / -6 0 ,0

63 - !,# - /

MG * G ! !- 6 + * ! , - 6 +

B @-F 8 )7 + )-.*7F @-F 5*!! D) 7F ) !7*7F !*.*7, +@- !*.*7, YZ[L\ D>- >D7> 8 . ** @ Q?7*+F 8 , !*.*7F !87 F8!F @ !88 .7 D-)R 8 !*.*7, +@- !*.*7F YZ[L\ /** @ 7 !*.*7F YZ[L\ !E*A !8-F*8!F ?7*+ 7G* ;" ? @-F 5*!! 8 )7 + )-.*7F &99 ? @-F 5*!! D) 7F ! #$ *@*7> !*@7* !@7>* >* -7*, 8 *.7 A + ?-*8 7 = 8 7 ! ?7*+*, & ? !75*C -.*77>* ! E6H !77 , >P* +>C 7- +.7>* @77>* ) D 8 T:%C "9C "&U )-.F !*@7* 7* *>PH8 (v D-!8 >! ?7*+, > *- !7*7* ! *)-688 ! @7A 7> D 8 T";C "#U ! #I *@!8-*7> !*@7* !@7>* >*

Ne(E > Emin)

Ne(E > Emin) 45

4/5

1

1

-1

-1

10

0

10

2.5

5

7.5

10

0

O3

2.5

5

7.5

10

O3

1, , - - - 45 J 4/5 + MG =8 @ -, * 8 6 @ + 6 !7 + ! @ - 0 , KG - - @ -, * + 6 , / P 3 3 Q

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Ne(E > Emin) 10 2

10

1

-1

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

O3 1, , - - - J + FG * @ 3

FG * -, G * + R @ !+ ! @ - 0 , ¿¼ =8 26 * 8 63 ! * , / P3 Q

8>-!6 8 -6 ?-*8 77>* 8*C 8- 7FHE*!F 8 7-*7F . 7* D -**C .* 7 *)-688> !.*8 7 @F8!F P* ! +-! ! ?!**78-67> @77>B )-.F !*@7* 7* *>PH8 Iv #/ 6 ! 4

D>- 8*.*7 >P*C 8 8 + C F 7= 5F D@*8 ! 7*7 *A )-688* @*- 7F G@*7F .!85 .**) *C )!8 + )A @.C @-F *P*7F 8 > 7 D@*8 *7C 8G* *!!>C 8 >* 8*DH8!F @-F ** 7*7F ! @F ) *HE!F *!! C > >DA - @-F ! 7*7F 8H 7= 5HC 8 F ) -- D> 7 *P86 )@. *@*-*7F ?==*87 !8 *+!85 .!85 ** !A -67>, + D-) 7*, )@. *)-688 D 8> +> F-F*8!F D7 !!!8*77> ! D>8,

Ne(r < r0)

Ne(r < r0)

45

4/5

10

10

1

1

-1

-1

10

10

-2

-2

10

0

10 2

4

6

0

O3 ST

2

4

6

O3 ST

1, , - - +# 2 6# , - 43

5 +

MG - # # ! L 45 ) 4/5 =87 @ * , / PQ ,0 -#+ 0 ,-# ! 3 ! @ * - -3 ,0 @+ 0 1!8 8 #- - * - -9" , 8 # 6-

-F G@ + ! D>8F D7* ! 7F*8!F R ' (X DR ' ( ) X R ' ( ' ( -H.*8 !*DF *8> *.7 , .!85> Q8C 7.-67>* @78> )7.*7F 7*78 -6! *.7 , .A !85>RC 8G* @ ! D>8FC ) -FHE, *@*-86C ) P- - )A @*,!8* ** *' ( ) -H.*8 !*DF *8> 8 .7> .!85C @P!F F@*7> ) @*,!8F ** .*!8* ' ( ! 7FH8!F @78> )FG*77> .!85 !* 78**!HE 7! QD@* 7)>86 .!88*-67>R !- A F *> / ?8 C @-F 8 + C .8 D> *76P86 DV* 7> @77>C ! 7FH8!F 8 -6 @78> .!85C ?7*+F 8 > 7* *7** C !A - G*77> *@*- + @! ! 5*78 8 .* G@*7F

@ -G*7F 8* *.7 , .!85> .**) !!8*>, !- , / !8 @*-C *-.7 F-F*8!F 7G7 ?7*+*8.*! + !-*GA 7F .!85 @*- 7 !@ ** 8 >D ?8 + + !E*!8*77 )!F8 ! !86 !.*8 DV* > @7 , 7= 5C 8G* 8 .7 !86 *@*-*7F - 87 !8 .!85 *@*- !!8* A + +C C !-*@ 8*-67 C 8*7*7* C 7*.7 !.*8*C< 7.8*-67>* *)-688> * 8 + C @-F ! *7F !.*8 *76P*7F DV* 7 , 7A = 5C @*- 7 F@*7 + ) @*,!8F ! 7FH8!F A !-*GH8!F 8 -6 8* 8 .7>* .!85> R !@> 8 8 > +8 !86 D-G,P, .!88*-67>, !- , *@*- + @! ! 5*78 8 .* G@*7F @ -G*7F 8* *.7 , .!85>X DR 8 >* *H8 ?7*+HC *>PHEH 7* 8 * + * )7.*7* >D + *!8*!8*77 !@*-86 ) !! 8*7F A78 C A ! -6C ! @7 , !8 7>C !-*G7* D)*> ?-*8 +78A 7> !@ )7*8 !7 7 * *F >.!-*7FC ! @+ , A >D !-P >! + + *@*8 8** .!8 78**!HE*, 7! $ ' (C ! 8*86*, < + @-F @+ 8 .!85 @ -G7> D>86 7* *76P* + @-F A78 ! -6)*>, 7P !.*8 ?7*A +*8.*!, + @-F @8 F@*7 + ) @*,!8F ! !8 8 ) @ .!8*,B &R S! 77>,S + /*7F*8!F @-F 8 .7> .!85C G@*77> *7*, .!8 *>C >P* 7* 8 + >D77 + !- FC @A -* 8 * + .!88*-67 + !- F ;R S/-HE,S + !8*!8*77 C .8 D-G*7 8 .A G@*7F 8 .7 , .!85> .!88*-67 !- H *>C + 7 ?7*+H 8 .7 , .!85> @ -G*7 !7G86!F - 86 @ *-.7> >D86 + ?8 !-.* G7 ) !-*@HE ! DG*7, !- !A !8 F7* 8 8 . +*7*5 A78 @ D-G,P*+ .!88*-67 + !- F *> 8 C .8 ?-*8 +787>, !@C D) 77>, A78 8A , ?7*+C !**8 )8786C 8 8 , A78 G*8 D>86 8D P*7 D) > -.* S-HE,S +C )!FE, 8 +-D7> +*7*5 A78 **B

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!*,!*RX S!*@7*7*S 8G* @-F *7*+ - *8 Ne

Ne

600 500

45

400

4/5

300 100 90 80 70

200

60

100 90 80 70 60 50

50 40 30

40 30

20 20 4

4.5

5

5.5

6

8

O3

10

12

O3

1, , - - @ $%&'()U J7 + FG3 !,9"+ - 45 !, + 4/5 V@ * 6 6 - 3 + * W , W -# 6 , 6 -#+ 3 -, * W , W @ ,0 -#+

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Ne(E > εlim, r < r0)

Ne(E > εlim, r < r0) r0 = 25 µ

r0 = 50 µ

1

10

-1

20

20.25

20.5

20.75

21

Ne(E > εlim, r < r0) 10

r0 = 100 µ

z, cm 20 20.25 20.5 Ne(E > εlim, r < r0) 60 50

20.75

21

z, cm

r0 = 300 µ

40 30 20

1 10 9 8 20

20.25

20.5

20.75

21

Ne(E > εlim, r < r0)

z, cm 20 20.25 20.5 Ne(E > εlim, r < r0)

r0 = 500 µ

100 90 80 70 60 50

20.75

21

z, cm

r0 = 1.5 mm

40 30

10 2

20 20

20.25

20.5

20.75

21

z, cm

20

20.25

20.5

20.75

21

z, cm

1, , - ¼ - +# 2 6# , ¼ - !,9"+ ! + FG - # @ # 6 0# @+ $%&'()U V - ! ! # 26 0# @+ 7 + 6 + !+

G 7 @ 3 KG 7 -,3 KG 7 +

N(ΣEγ)

N(ΣEγ)

25

25 fixed thr X

E

KG

E

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

fixed thr =

500 MeV

0

0

2

4

N(ΣEγ)

ΣEγ3 FG 0 N(ΣEγ)

25

2

4

ΣEγ3 FG

25 fixed thr X

E

fixed thr X

MG

E

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

MG

0 0

2

4

!, !

ΣEγ3 FG

0

2

4

ΣEγ3 FG

! 2 6# 26 0# !+

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Q#:R

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$%

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εtotal 45

-1

10

-2

10

1

εcalorimeter

2

10

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG

0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06

4/5

0.05 0.04 0.03

0.02

0.01 1

2

10

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG YJJ - + !- - $%&'()U 3 -6 0 - 7 2 , - 0 * ! @ ! ! !- 6 + * 28 @

εtotal 1

-1

10

-2

10

-1

10

1

2

10

10

3

10 E0 3FG[

YJJ - + !- * @ 3 0, + 0 * -, @2 * + - $%&'()U

εtarget, εcalorimeter

-1

10

-2

10

2

10

10

3

10 E0 3FG

YJJ - + 8# * 28 @ 7 6 # * ! @ !# /

εtotal 45

-1

10

-2

10

1

εcalorimeter

2

10

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG

0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06

4/5

0.05 0.04 0.03

0.02

0.01 1

2

10

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG YJJ - + !- - $%&'()U 3 !6 7 - 8 # 6- * 28 + , 0! # 6- * ! @ 45 * !0 JJ - 3 4/5 * JJ - + 67

# /

εtotal 45

1

-1

10

-2

10

10

εcalorimeter

2

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG 4/5

1

-1

10

-2

10

-3

10

10

2

10

3

4

10

10

E0 3FG YJJ - + 0, + 0 - $%&'()U ./26 0 7 @3 !,,"

εtotal 45

1

-1

10

-2

10

10

εcalorimeter

2

3

10

10

4

10

E0 3FG

1

4/5

-1

10

-2

10

10

2

3

10

10

4

10

E0 3FG YJJ - + 0, @2 - $%&'()U ./26 0 @3 !,,"

! )-.F *8 @ @*- 7F !@ **

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