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C. H. HrarolaeBa recrroft npr,{Bs3KI4 3a,[Agr4coAep)KanrlsoKoJrorurrecKoro BocrrprTaHl4.rl K ToMy I4nI,Ir,rHoMyBo3pacry gTo rro3Borqer Haqarb ee peaJru3aq[ro ,B nrodoil oospacrHofi rpynne AercKoro caga. [auubre B nporpaMMe peKoMeHAarrurrK pacflpeAeJreHu0MaTepr{anano Bo3pacTaMno3BoJnrroTBoc[[TaTenro ocyilIecrBJnrrb vrw4vrBngyanrurrft rroAXoA K AersM, perynr4pyq Ha KaxAoM 3Tarre o6reu ra rny6uuy peIrreHlr,a[ocraBJrenHbrx 3aAaq. Bo ncex pa3.qenax nporpaMMbr rrpr{BeAeHarro3r,ruu{ Ku3Ht4 qe^oBeKa xhBorHbrx,
1.1. Mup3,anhe (Bceneunas) 3nauug. .Uerfl snaxouflTgfl c Brulr{MbrMvtflBrrenl4fluu BcereHnoft, Bcerey.nafl-aro MHoxecrBo 3Be3A, Koropble Br{AHbIHoqbro Ha 6eso6ra.rgoM ne6e. Co"nuue-sro Hawa orgeHgarr 3BegAa: ouo rrpKo cnerrrr fla 6eso6xar{HoM ue6e, c ero Bocxo.[oM Ha'tuwagrcfl AeHb, IrocJIe ero 3aKara HacrYrtlaer uo.n. Borpyr CorHrIa BparuarcTcs xoJroAHbreruragerbr: Mapc, Beuepa, 3eMrs Ir npyfr,re. 3el,fiq - 9To IIJraHera, Ha xoropofr MbI xr4reM. Haura luafleTa-3ro orpouHrrfi map, oKpyxennrtfi erroeu BosAyxa (se6o). Eolrruas qacrb 3eu.nu noKpbrra coresoft noAofr * oKeawaur4u MopsMr{. ffocpe.qu oKeaHoBecrb cyrfia, rBep.rlb-9To Marep[Kr,r. I,Ix ncero ruecrb: Cenepmat Alrepura, Ioxnaq Auepnra, Enpa:na (Enpona u Asur. uuecre)o A$pura, Ancrpa.uur u Aurapxrwra. Ha rrJraHere3eMrq ecrb ABa nonroca-Ceeepnuft u IOxHrtft, Ha HI4x oqeHb xoJIoAHo, oHn rloKpbrrbl Ber{HbIMunbnauvr H CHETAM.H.
(ponurre npocrpaHcrna), Ha cyure.(uarepnrax) ecrr paBHr,rHbr ropbr, xo,rrMbr(Henucoxue roprr), peKu v o3epa (c npecuofi noaoft). Panru{Hbr r.{ropbr rracro floKpbrrbr recay.vr..Ha rax[olr naaTep{Ke ecrb pa3Hbre crpaHbr (rocylapcrna), n Koropbrx xr4Byr pa3HbreHapo1br. Haure rocyrapcrBo r{a3blBaercx Poccr4n, n neft MHoro ropoAoB 14AepeBeHb,a cauufi masHrrli' ropoA - croJII,r{a Mocxua. Y uaner:u 3euls ecrb cfiyrHu< - Jlyna. Jlysa - aro roxe rTJraHera. OHa r4Meer Sopr-ly ruapa, no pa3Mepy 3HaqlrreJlbuo MeHbure 3eu-nu, r.I Bpauaercs BoKpyr nee. Ha Jlyue Her BoAbr, Bo3nloAu. Ayxa, TenJIa,Iro3ToMyTaMHe xl{Byr pacTeHug",)KI,IBOTHbIe,
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Jlyuy nraauo HotIbIo na 6eso6raqHoM ne6e. Ona brtsaer paguofr Sopurr: B BI,r,{ey3Koro Mecsua, xoropuft flocreneHHo craHoB]ITcfl rrrv{pe14npeBpauaerafl B Kpyrnpo Jlysy, 3areM y6unaer, cnoBa cTaHoBI,ITC{MeCgueMI4 I4Cqg3aeTCOBC9M, Ollciweuue. Aern npoflellflIor I'IHTepecK cBeAsHI4sMo MI'Ipog$ar;ir4rrioHtI oxorHo BK[IoqarcTcs s tra6JrwIrgr/'us ga ue6ou, c r{HrepecoM yqacrBylor B 3axlruqx c uoSycou 14Epyrr4uu MoAeOTpa)KaJrsMr4,cnyuarcT paccKa3 B3pocJIOrO,3aAaIOTBOTIpOCbI' pucynKax. Ior cBor4B[eqarneHns o Bcerennoft n
1.2.Boaa 3uaxug. Boaa * 3To xI{AKoe BetuecrBo, oHa Jrwrcx, tever. BoAa He r{Meer $opurt, uBera, gailaxa u r,r..yca,floorouy: oHa IrpI4HHMaer Oopr"ry cosyra, n roroputi Hurura; craHoBurcq uBersnoft,eclq s Hee,{o6anfiTKpacKy; npuo6pe'taer coorBercrnyuuufi BKyc 143arlax, ecnl{ B Hee Aobasurb coJrb, caxap, J{l'IMoHu r.!., BoAa uoxer 6uru .q'uc'toi4u rpxsnoft'. quc"Iafl-npo3paqHafl' rps3Haq - MyrHarI. BoAa uoxer 6rrrl pasnoff TeMneparypbl: xoroAgoft, ronrganroft, ropfieiI, KI{n{TKoM' BoAa uoxer MeHtrb cBoe cocroflHve:. Ha Mopo3e oHa npeBpalqaeTc.flB JIgA, [pI4 HarpeBanuvr- B rrap. Jle.q6unaet tnepArrft, xpynrnfi, npospaurmttl, xoloAnHfr, or reIUIa raer 14 cranoBvrrcfr so.qofr' Culrurtfr nap 6unaer, KorAa Bo.{a Kulrur' flap lerxutf, MoxHo 3aMernrb-os 6elonaruft , wty6auu noAHI,IMaercqBBepx,npu o)LraxAeHrm cra6olluroe cKoluteHoBI{Tcr Kafiilflv'u Bo,IIbI.Eelue odtara-ero Hrre napa. flpn pesxoM cI,IlIbHoMoxJlaxAeHlrv fiap rlpeBpalIlaercrl B cHeq wlnefi. CHer naAaer cHexL{HKaMI4,oH 6emlft, v.nrxuit, xolonnrrft. Taer 0T Telura. Bo.uauueer 6olturoe 3HaqeHHeMfl xl43uvl OHa HyxHa BceM )KlrBbIMcyulecrBaM - pacr eHr4AM,to4BorHbIM, JIIoA-aM.9e,lonery HIDKHaqrlcras, npgclaar.soAa. Taxag BoAa ecrb'B peKax' o3epax' poAHI,IKaX,nOA SeMneff. BoAa nrornaq, n neft TpyAHb xoAI{Tb, Ho MoxHo ruasam. HeKoropbre )KI,IBorHbIeBcerAa )KLrBytB BoAe, oHrr rrpncnogo6l'ull'Icr K 3roMy. O*towenue. V .uerefi pa3BuBaercs flo3naBarelrnrrft Ianrepec] oHr{ c yAoBonbcrB}IeMyqacrBytor B npoBeAeHI'II{OnbITOBVr Wp
11
c Bo.{oI4, cHeroM, JIbAoM, IIOBTOpSTOT r,rx CaMOCTOqTenbHO B AOMaIIIHI4X yCIOBI4_f,X, 3a.{aIOT BOIIpOCbT O BOAe.
1.3. Bo3AlD( 3HaHhc. BosAD( ecrb Be3Ae:BoKpyr Hac, B 3eMJre,B BoAe, B npeAMerax. OH npospagHrrr?, lerxllft, He3aMerHbrft,oH HO rrpe lsrcrByer 6ery u xoln6e. Bos.qyx Mo)KHonorryBcrBoBarb, KorAa oH ABrDKercq-Ayer Berep, pa6oraer BeHrr,rnsrop. Bo.nuuuncrno nTr,rqu HeKoTopbreHaceKoMHeMofrr J'reTaTb, oHr4K SToMyrrpurleroseK cnoco6leurr. .[erarb He Mo)Ker, oH npr,rryMiur pa3Hhre npucnoco6nennfl MA noJlera no Bo3,qyxy:[aparrrrc! AeJrbra[rraH, caMoner, nosgyruHufi urap. Bosayx HyxeH Ms. rbrxaur4s BceM )KLrBbrMcyrqecrBaM: pacreHr.rqM;)KI,IBorHbrM,qeroBeKy. 9elonery Hy)KeHuucrblli, cge)Kufi BO3AyX,IIOSTOMynOMeUIeHI4fl,, JIIOAI{,HaAOnporye HaXOA_rITC.fl BeTpr,rBaTb. Otaowenne. Aerv npoqBnqror rro3HaBareruHrrfi r4HTepec,BhtpilKalor )KeJIaHue] {acTBoBaTbB npoBeAeHr4r4onbrroB c Bo3AyxoM, B pa3Hbrx r4rpax no o6uapyxeHuro noslyxa. 1.4. floqea h KaMHrl 3naxng. leru suaroM.flTc.sc [orrBaMr{-seMnefi, rrecKoM,rJrr{Hoft u vx cnoricrnauu. 3euls-reMHa-f, (uepuax, cepar), paccbrrrlrarair, nponycKaer BoAy r{ craHoBr4Tcr MoKpotrt tt r'unxoit. (a r{HorAa KpacHas wiu 6enax), ruroxo nponyf,rzHa-xerrat cKaer no.uy. Korla urr,rHa cyxafl., oHa rBepAas, a MoKpaq craHoBurcfl,mnroft 14ruracrr,rrrHoft,ek Mo)r(Horrpr4.qarbno6yro 6oprnry, Moxor ApyrI,IX npq_{pAJA}d;Se6eHoX rv.qv e KeH6ml npuxpblr creKJIoM: oxoTSCb 3a HaCeKOMblMI4, UI] IKa MO)Ker BbrnpblrHyrb I43 BoAhL Kpanvarufi coMrrK. Ero nlt rua B aKBapl4yl\fe- I{nxHlIe cJIOl4BoAbr, oH r.rMeer qpKo BbrpaxeHHble npucnoco6l,IreJlbHble oco6enHocrr{ AossolZ pu6ru: MacKl4poBovupo (noa 4uo) oxpacKy reJIa, MiureHbKr4e r-[a3a I4 Bblpocrhl BoKpyr pTa, BbInyKJIyIo cnI,rHKy BeAer o.uuHo.Iultil o6pa: )e{3Hrr. B arsarl rrJrocKoe 6prolrro, pr{yMe He AoJDKHo6urr 6olee 2-3 prr6or ororo sfiAa. Ha necqaHor\r AHe MecraMl4 Moryr Jlexa'rb peqHble KaMHI'I He6olnuoro pa3Mepa - cpeAu Hux coMHK coBceM Teptlercs ll3 BnAy. Onrennue 6ap6ycu, TerparoHollTepycbl, HeoHbI, AaII[o pepro Kpacr{Bbre aKBapr,ryMHue pu6rr: HeoHbI BblAerslorc.q oqeHb qpxoft csetqueficfl. cuneir n rpacuoti orpacxoft; AaHno flphBrreKaror coqeraHr4eM cr4He-xenrblx ilonoc; 6ap6ycut u rerpbl AocraTOTTHO KpynH[,Ie, c 6poHsoeltM oTJ'IuBoMplt6u cpeAH[x cJIoeB BoAbr. Bce oHu ,IBrqrorcs c:rafturtvn prr6auu, no3ToMy vIX lea.{o co.4ep)Karb no 6-10 uryr, B aKBap!{yMe AoJDKHo6urrt uHoro ceo6oAHoro or pacreuvit BoAHoro flpocrpaHcrsa. Ha pu6ax MoxHo rroKa3arb craftnuft o6pas xn3rtr': cxHxpoHHoe IUIaBaHI4e, 6ucrpoe Haxox,[eHtle eAbr, paccbrnaHhe B pa3Hble cropoHbl npa r4c[yre. Terpu u 6ap6ycsr I{MeIor crpoeHfie tela ptr6, xr4Bytrrllx por B ToJrilIe BoAbr: paBHoMepHo BbIrIyKJrbIe cilr{HKa u 6promo, flocepeAl{He, ]4x r{HTepecHo cpaBHI4Tb c AoHHbIMI,I I4 Bepxorna-
pu6raun. Baroxrr{Mn Bo ntrorux MeroXoroAnonoAnnepu6u MecrnblxBoAoeMoB. Al4qecKr,rxnoco6uqx Anfi AercKI4xcaAoBrlMelorcq peKoMeH.qalrur'I no coAep)KaHr4roxofloAHoBoAHntxprt6 MecrHbIX soAoel4on. Kax npaBr4Jlo,oro MeJIKI4eBlrAbr prr6, ne IlMeloulue lpoMblcnoBoro 3naqeHr,rrr14orHocr4MbreK rpyfine copHbIX.C roqrul 3peHfi.r sKoJloflrrlecKoro BocnnraHr.Ir{ oHI{ qBr-nruTcq eule 6oree uHTepecreruIoBo.{uue prr6u: Ha Hux nrru o6rerroM, qeM AeKoparr4BHbre MoN(HorroKa3arb pasuoo6pa3r{e MacKl{posoqHoft oKpacKr{. 3ara14Ap}'rl4e rtpu CI]OCO HI4e, nyDTI4BOCTb vBaHvIe,3auII{THOerrOBeAe 6ure,rrnrre oco6eHnocru. OAuaxo ux coAep)KaHueI,IMeHHoc rrosfi uuir gKoJrorrrqecKoro no.uxoAa,KorAarpe6yercr Bocnpol,I3Becrl{ ycroBl4q B coorBercrBrlr{ c norpe6HocrsMl,I xllBorHoro u ero crox[smeiicq npucnoco6leHHocrblo B crpoeHl,{I4,noBeAeHull,
44
o6pase )Ku3Hrr, sBJr*erc . 6olee rpyAoeMKHM rlo cpaBHeHI4Ioc Te[noBoAr{uuu pu6av.n. VIur Heo6xoAnua npoxnagHafl qncrafl no4a, oooralleHHa{ Kr4cnopoAoM,Hu3Kat TeMnepaTypaB 3uMHIaft nepuo4 r,r MHoroe Apyroe. B rex cnyqasx KorAa nMeercq BO3MOXHOCTbCO3AaTb Nrfl IJVLXTaKI4e yCJIOBI,Ifl, CTapIXI4M AOurKorrbHr4KaM I4HTepecHu na6noAe lavg. 3a KapaceM, rolIotuKolYt, poTaHoM. Kapacr - npororr4n :o.noroft plt6rn, Ho B ornl,Itllle or Hee He I,IMeer rpxot? oKpacKr,r, [yrJIpIB, 6rrcrpo rrnaBaer, TeMHas clI,IHa u cBer.Iloe bprcuxo Aenaror ero rrrtoxo npocMarpt{BaeMblM nppl garavrBarrru. Ilenslru flBIrflercfl cpaBHeHI4e Kapacfl, c 3oJIorbIMI,I
pu6rann. Poran (6rruor)- [oBceMecrHo pacnpocrpaHeHHaflpu6xa, neAer xlaxlHbrft o6pa: )rl,r3Hr.r,MeHter oKpacKy rena rroA IrBer rpyHra. Mq ero coAep)KaHnnB aKBapI4yMeAoJD(HII 6rtrl 6ollrulre KaMI{I4,K0pqrr4, KOTOpbreCny)KaTyKpbrTI4eM:3a HUMI4pOTaH3aHana.qaerHa Ao6rI'Iy. EonlTa[Baercq, r{3-3a Hr{x MoJrHpreHocHo uII4e roJroBa, por, MacKIrpoBKa, 3aravBaHue, 6rtctpoe HanaAeHHE -
BCE 9TO TXII4IIHbIE
NPI43HAKI4 XI4IqHIIKA, C KOTOPbTMId NETLL
Moryt no3HaKoMr,rrbcrr B npouecce sa6rnneHntl. Tpexnmar KoJrrcrrlKal{HrepecHa He roJIbKo cnoco6ou 3aurrrrbl or BparoB c noMoulblo I{uI nJraBHI{KoB,Ho u oco6eunocrqvu BbIpaqItBaHZrrroroMcrBa, rAe rnaBHylo ponb l4tpaer caueu. Ou npKo oKpaurnBaercfln 6pavusttl nepl4o.{,crpour rHe3AoI43pa3B HerO I4Kpy,OXHOIO MarepvlaJra,3acTaBrqer caMoK OT,'IOXI'ITb paHqeTrHe3AO,CBOIO rrpqa 3aTeMpacTLITMa-IlbKOB, TeppUTOpI4FO, qa vx Bo pTy B MoMeHTorracHocTl{. IrlurepecnuMv Mfl ua6trrcAesras sBrqrorcfl rr ilpyrurc MeJrKr4e prt6tr BoAoeMoB(necraps. BbloH, Bepxo[naBKw), ux coAep]GOpraHI43OHI,IeB CrrequaJIbHbIX MO)KHOHeHaAOJIfO aKBapr,ryMax Barb B ,lernuft neptro.u, Bbrnycrl,IBI4x 3areM B Mecra nocroflHHoro o6raraHr.rq. klrar, c lroMorrlbro npaBl{JtbHooSopnaleuublx aKBapuyMoBAeTrM MoxHo Aarb pasuoo6pa3Hbre 3HaHI,IsgKororl4rlecKoro xapaKrepa: l) nolHaq gKocr4creMa:ee KoMrIoHeHTbI,Lrx B3aI{MocBq3b14 ponb TpyAa qeroBeKa B rIOAAep)€HVtvrpaBB3aI4MO3aBr,rcr4MocTb, HoBecrls e Hei{;
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2) nplrcnoco6lenHocrb
crpoeHllfl I{ noBeAeHnl pst6 K BoA-
uorl cpeAeo6vrauwn; 14ttoBeAeHHlptt6 (xuninlte, 3) parHoo6pa3r{eo6pa:a )KI43HI4 MrIpHbIe,ctailntte, o4nHovnn'le); 4) pasHue eKonorl4qecKl4eHl4lru oAHofi sKool4cleMrt (pu63t BOAbI); pa3Hbrx cJroeBBo.[bI: .{oHHbIe, cpe.uHl4x14BepxHI4XCJIOeB pst6 pu6 tr.leor AI4KHX 5) ornraur.re.u,oMauIHHX AeKoparI{BHux CTHbIXBO,IOCMOB; 6) uHoroo6pasue Bo.qHbIXo6urarer'eit (ua lpuruepe pu6, rutry[IeK, KpeBeroK, ynnror), HX npl4cnoco6reHHocrr, K soAF{oii cpeAe o6nranus'. 7) pa:rrrsoxeHl{e I4Kpoii (xnnopoxAeHne), pocr I4 pa3Bltrltc NIaTIbKOB, R orAetIbHbIXcn)^tagx :a6ora poaltre.nefro noroMcrBe; pu6sr KaK xuBble cyuecrBa, l,tx cxo,llcl'tsoMexAy co6ot7. 8)
1.2. Corcpxalne nepHarblx flnaqu, TaK xe KaK fi pst6sl, qacro xuByr B irercKoM caAy. Ilrrru cneAyer conepxarb B 6o-ttbtilt4x KterKilx (lt,'rlr nolrepax) c HecKoJI[,KI4ltny,lo6nutMl{ xepnoqKaM}{ - llM HyxHo BO3AyUIltoe rrpocrpaHcrllo &rlg ilorera I4Jlt4IIopxaHms. Ha r,He Ki'lerKI4 ron'ly6on, ilnua xen 6r,lrs .{ncrstii cyxoli flecoK: IITL{ua He I4Meel rrepeTl4paercq B xenylKe npr4 noMotul4 necqHrIOK 14N{eJlKI{xKaMytuKoB, Ko'ropble oHa rJloraer. B nparrnKe rrourKOJILlloroBoctlaue Bcefo 0lcyTcTRye'f,flro .]ll.\{cHttn'fraHr.rq necoK B KJIeTK?IX e'r 6yvara, KJIeeliKa, nr{HoteyM. Mexrty reM IIecoK ytio6eH e yxoAe 3a lrrr{uaMl,l - \,IoxHO npocel,IBarb L4N4rlofoKptlTHoI4cIlolIb:roBarb oaFly Ir r)' xe troput4to flecKa. ]Jc'ru, HflYrteu*to,a tto" 'rpy4crsoif o n e pa LI1414, c yJlo Bo"ilbcl Bl{ e i\4 {:i;) n hlll o-'it rttlor: 6o,'tt,ulcle 3Hatlell IIe B corepxilt-J rtl,l trTuII i4Meer pa :tu oo6pa:n e KOpluOB: IIoNll4MO 3epHOCMeCL{14MCne,'I)"e'IIaBaTL, MflrKI'{e KOpua (lnopon Kpo[lKI{ si'tua,6y;lru), oBOuII4,$pyrcrul (repran ,r,topKoBb, Kycorrrur rr6roKa, qroAbt). 3ejreub (npopouteHHblo oBec, c€l eo p \ 4 4 ( , l p e H e c l t u t i t M e H a r , 4 K o p a c r y u i l 4 x r p a s ) . M 1 4 H e p d J I b H bK yroJrb, l\{e"r, I43MeJ'IbrIeHHafl cKopJlyna t tl u). [l oc roq trIIILlneott xtrI,LLIMA IILTCTAS BOAA"
14rloAitepEcln s co,uepxaHl4tt pu6 tJtallHoe - 3To HZl"rt?lll11'b 'ro paBIJollecue B aKB?lpMyMe, IiJltl Bbl)Kt{)KrrBaTb3KOJiO|r4(iecKOe
46
Bauun nruu qpe3Bst.{ailHoRa)KHo6epexuoe orHoilreHl4eK HI{M, ocHoBaHHoeHa 3HaHI,tn6uolornu. Pt'16NIo)KHoHecro,'Isro nHel{ He KOpMUTb-nTI,IUbIXe enflT rlacTo 14 IIOHeMHOT B TeqeHI'Ie Bcero cBeToBoroAHq, nosroMy eAy I4M CIeAyer AaBarb c 3anacorvr. !4:lurrrKn KopMa B aKBapI,IWe MoryT Hapyurl4Tbero 3Kocr4creMy- npuvnHofi rn6enl4 nrIlLI Mox(er 6rtrl HeAocraroK KOpMa. Bllaosoit cocraB nepHarbIXo6urarenet'tAercKoro caAarlenecortrl4uaMtr{,Koropble xopoo6pa:uo orpaHI.{t{I,ITb AeKoparI{BHbIM}t r{yBcrBylor (no,runcrue nonyycnoBl4tx B AoMaurHI4x ruo ce6rr r aituvKn, xaHapefi ru, auaxlr Hrt ). H e c,re4yercrpe MI4Tbcs3aBo.[I,ITb Bocco:4arl cpe4y o6uJrecHbrxrrrr{rI, 4,'la Koropblx tlcK-vccrBeHHo npaKTI4r{ecKHHeCOBCeMI43HaqUMblMI{ ee KOMTIOHeHTaMt{ TAHId.fl Bo3Moxlro. Xopourax opfaHl{3aul{t st4MFleii noAKopMKfi nrlILI Ha BI4TAX. ACT'IM IUHOIOE Y3TIATbO 3I{MYTOI"uUX }^IACTKCNO3BOJII,IT groro AocraroqHo, tlTo6bt y Ht{x cJloxt{Jtl4cb pa:uoo6pa:Hble 14 ofi erJII{BbIe npe.4craB rervfl, SKoJ'loffi qec Koro xapaKrepa : c noe o6pa3r4ecpe.qbr o1uralaus nrl4u, npltcnoco6reHHocrb Ilx crpoeHl{tl K [epe.[BI4xeHHIo B trByy cpe,lax (s no:nyxe [t no 3cM,'le). ilpl4npl4poAooxpaHFlaq cnoco6rqeMocrb K ce3oHHbtM I43MeHeH14ttNI, ponb 3IrMHeti no.qxopnlKl4, Koropyru AerI4 BMecre c Bocnl4rareJleN't ocyilIecTBnqror cncreMaTMtlecKl{ B TpyAHOe Arq nruu BpeMfl.
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