Історія первісного суспільства. Підручник

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3HapH.ll.llJlMH npani, md nocriaao mOCKOHaJIIOlOTbCH (mo Jl03BO­ ]IJI€ npocresorra nponec ixHbOi eBOJIK>ItiI1, 3'SIB1IJIIOTbCH cnosar­ KY soraama, a 3roJlOM i peWTKH HaiiJlauHiwHx JKHTeJI. Y :JKHTJIax a60 na MiclUIX KOpoTKOqacHHX 3YllHHOK nepsicaax JIK>JleH ap­ xeoJIom anaxonars piaai Kicnmi BKp06H, npaxpaca, aMYJIeTH, MPH'lHi iHCTpYMeHTH, KaM'HHi i Kicnmi irypKH JIK>JleH TIl TBa­ pHH. Ha cTiHax nesep 3'HB1IHIOTbCH nepwi MaJIIOHKH, 'lYJlOBi 306paxeHWI pellJILHHX cuen .u.iHCHocri roro 'lacy. B aimax THX xe nesep y CneuillJILHHX cxoaamax a60 KaM'HHHX HlllHKax 3Hcm­ JleHO roJIOBH, KiCTKH mapHH. Mycrsepcsxoro 'lacy CHraIOTb no­ XOBaHWI caMHX JIK>JleH. 3 nOHBOK> nocyny, a 3roJlOM i MeTaJIeBHX BKp06iB 06csrr i phHOMaHiTHiCTb apxeonorisnoro Marepiany ute 6iJILwe 3pOCTaK>Tb. Orxe, B KYJIb1YPHOMY wapi nepsicsax noce­ JIeHb aKYMYJIbOBaHi .a.aneKO He ,llpyropH.llHi JIaHKH :JKH'I1'€,AUuu.­ aoeri JIK>JlCbKOro cycnim.cTBa. Ta H casta CTpYK1YPa noceneus, ix po3MimeHHSl y npocropi rex MaIOTb BeJIHKe 3HaqeHWI npa P03B'H3aHHi OKpeMHX IIHTaHb icropii nepaicnocri, Ilpore ue JIH­ me sacrxa :JKHBOi, 6araro6aPBHoi KYJIb1YPH JIK>JlCTBa. )lemd pesi, 3HaiiJleHi H irrrepnperosaxi JlOCJIinHHKaMH, Mor­ JIH MaTH B JlaBHHHy lame npH3HaqeHWI a60 BHKOpHcroByoaTHCH nopsn Ia BH3HaqeHOK> ymmi€K> i B imniH axocri B 33Jle:JKHOCTi Bin YHBJIem nepsicaax MeIIIKaHIriB aaaoro nocenenns. Y 3B'H3­ KY 3 llHM neani enexeara MarepillJILHOi KYJIb1YPH MOrJIH cnpas­ JIJlTH na JIK>JleH MHHYJIoro imne 8proKeHWI, HiJK na cyqacHHKiB. Moxu:a npHIIyCTHTH TaKOX, 1Il0 nesod snaxinxa nOTpanHJIH B KYJIb1YPHHH map BHIIa,llKOBO i He MaJIH JlO OCHOBHHX aimoraaem, IOJlHOro ainnomeaas, Icaye HMOBipHiCTb rrpaaeceaas ix JIK>.llb­ MH3 iHIIIHX,naanimax MiCI.{e3HaxOJl:lKeHb, a60 BOHH nOTpanJIHJIH na noceneaas WKe nisanne, nin 'lac pyHHauii HOro npupoJlHH­ MH nponecassa 'IH niaaiuroso JIK>JlCbKOIO JliJIJILHiCTK>. Bci TIl imni npo6JIeMH crosrs nepea cyqacHHM apxeonori'IHHM Jl:lKepe­ JI03HaBCTBOM i nOCTyIIoBO BKpi.myIon,cH. Haacxnamriuri 3 HHX, OqeBHJlHO, ute He CKOpo 6y~ aapinreni. TaKHM 'lHHOM, BinTBOpeHHH ua OCHOBi apxeonori-nrax Jl:lKe­ pen icropH'lHHit: nponec e nemo CXeMaTH'IHHM. Y TaKiA nepsic­ HiM: icropii sincynri .u.iHoBi oco6H, HeMa€ repois.' Y HiM: nie a6CT­ paxraa JIK>.llHHa, npore BOHa BHI'OTOB1IJI€ KOHKpeTHi 3HapH,lUlSl npaui, 6y.ny€ :JKHTJIa, posnamoe BOfHHma, nOJIK>€ na KOHKpeT­ HHx saipis. Illonpanna, mom apxeonom HaMaraIOTbCH BH3Ha'IH­ TH i KOHKpeTHHX MaHCTpiB sa ixHiMH npHCTpaCTHMH H ynono­ 6aHIDlMH, npOre HaBiTb y o,naJIHX BHlla,n:KaX HeMO:JKIIHBO BCTaHO­ BHTH ixHi iMeHa. He BHKJIK>qeHO, mo B JlemOix CBOix peKOHCT­ p}'KIlin qepe3 ooMexeHicTb Jl:lKepeJIbHoi 6a3H cyqacHi apxeoJIO­ m noMHJlHlOTbCSI. B nO.llaJIbmoMY JlOCJIiJl:lKeHWI HOBHX naM'H­ TOK, YJlOCKOHaneHWI MeTOJlHKH HaYKOBOro nomyKf, OqeBHJlHO,

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17

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21

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24

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