.
2005
,
.
2005
658.512.011.56
.. , 2005. – 84 .
.
(
)
:
.
,
. . UML . UML
PDM-
. PDM.
« ,
653700 ,...
218 downloads
146 Views
3MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
. .
2005
,
.
2005
658.512.011.56
.. , 2005. – 84 .
.
(
)
:
.
,
. . UML . UML
PDM-
. PDM.
« ,
653700 ,
191000 –
– ».
: ., .,
.
. .
.
©
©
, , 2005 , 2005
3
1.
PLM-
-
80-
, (
70, ) [3].
[2].
.
(
)
– . (
)(
. 1).
. 1.
,
, ,
,
, .
,
4 . . , ,
-
. , . /CALS [9-11]. /CALS, , , – .
(
,
)
, . CALS.
, 80-
CALS . (Computer-
Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support). 1988 CALS « Aided Acquisition and Support). CALS. 1993 : « (Computer-Aided Acquisition and Lifecycle Support).
» (ComputerCALS » ,
, . (
)
«
.
, , CALS » (Commerce At Light Speed), .
,
CALS, ). ,
, /CALS
5 , PLM (Product Life-cycle Management – ). IBM/Dassault Systemes, UGS PLM Solutions PTC [14]. , PLM, . , PLM, /CALS.
–
,
-
,
” [5]. CIMdata, PLM [27], “PLM –
-
, (collaborative) , , –
(extended)
, ,
”. PLM-
:
•
, ,
•
; ,
, ;
•
,
, .
PLM IBM/Dassault Systemes – .
PLM[13]. .
,
, , ,
. (
).
6 . .
,
. ,
. . .
–
,
,
, . .
. . )
,
,
,
.
,
.
, . . – ,
,«
». ,
» ,
. ,
,
. . , , ,
. )
(
,
.
, , ,
.
,
,
, ,
. ( :
–
)
, ;
-
7 –
;
–
–
; .
,
, ,
. ,
-
, CAD/CAM, CAE, PDM, MRP, MRP-II, ERP, SCM, CRM CPC. , , [8]. , . , PDM cPDM (collaborative Product Data Management) cPDm (collaborative Product Definition management). , PLM, CAD/CAM, CAE, PDM. IBM/Dassault Systemes, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning – ), SCM (Supply Chain Management – ) CRM (Customer Relationship Management – ) PLM, , PLM, . PLM, , . CAD, ,
. CAD/CAM, CAE
, PDM,
,
. ,
,
PLM, .
, .
,
, ,
. (
CAD/CAM ) ,
PDM-
8 –
. PDM-
,
,
. PDM-
:
1.
:
,
,
.
2. 3.
. .
4.
, ( ).
5.
:
, ,
. 6.
, .
7.
CAD/CAM.
,
8. 9.
-
. . , PDM. , , (
).
, web-
PDM-
, .
[21, 26]. CAD/CAM, CAE PDM[6, 8, 21].
9
2. 60. :
. ,
. . . .
,
.
.
, .
, . .
, .
.
,
.
,
, .
.
.
.
,
90-
,
, , . . ,
[1]. . ,
,
:
, . , .
.
, . , [6-8, 10, 12].
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
. .
, –
, (
. )
,
. ,
-
. . ( ) .
, . . , ,
-
10 , (
. 2.
. 2).
,
, , .
,
. PDM/CAD/CAE/CAM,
,
. 1, .
, ,
PLM. , : A = F ( Q, M, S ), :A– ; Q = ( q1, q2, … qK ) – ; M = ( m1, m2, … mL ) –
; S = ( s1, s2, … sN ) – . ,
. , [13].
)
11 1.
q1 – .
2.
q2 – [21, 26].
3.
q3 – .
4.
q4 – .
5.
q5 – ( ,
– –
,
, 6.
). q6
–
).
7.
q7 –
. , – . ,
,
, ,
– .
.
Unified Process). Software Corp.,
RUP (Rational Rational
, , ,
UML
[15-17]. RUP
UML ,
17].
SADT RUP
( ,
. 4.).
,
, IDEF [4, UML
12
. 1.
m1 – .
2. 3.
m2 – RUP m3 –
(
UML). .
,
,
PLM. , CAE/CAM-
PLM-
,
PLM(
) PDM/CAD/
. PLM-
(
)
, .
1.
s1 –
(
)
PDM, . 2.
s2 –
3DCAD-
. , ,
,
, 3.
.
s3 –
(
-
)
,
. 4.
s4 –
, .
5.
s5 –
PLM, , PLM-
.
13 , ,
, Q, M
S.
,
, ,
, , PDM/CAD/CAE/CAM) .
,
(
. 3). .
. 3.
,
. 1.
, . ( .
:
)
PDM-
14 • • •
; ; , ;
• ; • ; •
;
• ; •
;
•
, ;
•
, . :
• • •
; ; ;
• •
; . , ,
( ,
–
, , [1]).
2.
. , ,
. , .
, .
15 3.
. ( [21, 26]), . , .
4.
3D
. ,
,
,
, .
3D
, . PLM-
5. .
, “
”, . PLM-
PDM/CAD/CAE/CAM, , , ,
. PLM, , ,
, ,
(Workflow).
16
3.
,
“
”
,
. ,
[6],
–
-
“
, ,
,
,
,
, ”. , [6, 7]. , . ,
, .
. . , , ,
. ,
.
,
, . , .
, (
). ( ,
) ,
,
17 (Rapid Prototyping) ( (Rapid Tooling) , ). . , , , .
, (
,
,
,
.), . . , ,
. :
1.
,
(
)
. 2.
,
, . ,
,
), .
(
( )),
),
(
, .
( ,
), :
18 1.
–
2.
CAD/CAM, CAE ,
PDM-
(
).
, ,
-
. 3.
, (
, ,
,
.).
, .
[5],
,
, :
•
–
, ,
•
;
–
(
), ;
•
(steering commitee) –
, ;
•
–
, ;
•
–
(
,
,
),
. , . .
(
. 4).
, . ,
,
, ,
, ,
–
19 , . ,
. .
[5], ,
,
. ,
, .
. 4.
,
( )
.
,
, . ,
.
, .
20
, ,
. ( CAD/CAM,
. PDM-
CAE
),
,
,
. ,
, . , . . 5.
. 5.
, CAD/CAM . ( ,
CAE,
21 , .). PDM. , ,
PDM, Workflow. PDM-
API,
,
, . , PDM-
CAD/CAM, CAE , . ,
,
,
, , .
, ,
,
, . , . .
, .
,
, CAD/CAM, CAE PDM. Gartner-Group, Dataquest, IDC
CIMdata, Daratech, . CAD/CAM, CAE .
PDM-
,
,
,
. – . . , ,
,
,
, .
, .
22
,
. , ,
,
.
UML Rational Rose [16,17] ARIS [18])
( -
. , ,
, . , :
1. (
.
. 4).
2. . , .
, , ,
-
,
.
. , . , , .
, , . ,
. 5,
,
23 .
, (
. 6).
. 6. – CAE
PDM-
,
CAD/CAM, . -
,
. – (
, ,
,
). –
. – , (
, .). – (
, , -
UML CAD/CAM ,
.) . –
24 (
,
CAD/CAM-
, .).
– ,
. ,
(
,
)
, .
, ,
,
,
PLM.
,
PLM-
: • ; • CAD/CAM/CAE , •
;
PDM, ;
•
PDM;
• . CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM: 1.
,
, .
2. ,
.
3. , “
”
,
.
25 4. . 5.
PLM, . , . :
•
, ;
•
. :
• ,
;
• ; • . : •
3D ;
• ; •
;
• •
,
;
. : • (DMU – Digital Mock Up);
26 • 3D ,
,
.);
• ); • ; •
PDM;
• ; • Workflow PDM•
; PDM-
ERP-
,
. .
,
PDM. , . . – CAE/PDM-
CAD/CAM/
. , . (
,
)
, .
.
,
27
4.
UML
, . Software Corp.
(G. Booch)
UML (J. Rumbaugh)
. .
1994 Rational .
(I. Jacobson) , 1997
Objectory AB. 1.0 UML (Unified Modeling Language), [15-17]. UML .
– , “
-
”
. , .
, UML
, .
, UML
-
,
.
,
UML -
, ,
,
, .
UML , • • • • • • • •
. (use case); (class); (statechart); (activity); (sequence); (collaboration); (component); (deployment).
:
28
.
,
use case [16]
[17].
, . UML
,
, , (
,
,
UML
. 7).
. 7.
UML
RUP (
. . 2). (
, ,
RUP, Rational Rose [16]
ARIS [18]), , .
29 RUP )
(
-
.
,
UML, . , (
)
,
, (
) ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
RUP
. , UML . . . . : • ; • ; • ; • . (use case), (actor),
(notes). ,
,
. 8, ). , .
– ,
. ,
, .
30
,
.
. 8.
:
–
;
. 9
; –
, (
,
, -
).
. 9.
–
31 , ,
. . , [17]. –
–
. 10.
, ,
.
. 10.
(extend)
. ,
,
“
”. ,
[17]. ,
32 .
,
“
”
“ ”. , . , . ,
(
)
,
, .
. , . , ),
(
) .
,
: ,
–
. “ ).
. 11.
–
, (
” (
. 11)
33 . , )
( (
). , .
,
( 3D
. 12). ),
“
”.
. 12.
( )
,
. ,
(
. 13).
. 14, ,
34 “derive”
, .
, , (
. 13.
. 14.
, . 15).
35
. 15. , , . . . , . , . ,
( ). ,
,
)
. , , . ,
,
. ( (
PDM-
,
. 16) -
.). , SMARTEAM [19], -
36 . . 17.
–
. 16.
. 17.
–
37 . . (
),
,
“ –
”
. ,
;
(
)
. .
,
,
. ,
.
,
, . “
” ,
“ ,
, ,
” –
. ,
3D
(
18). , –
. . , . , , . , . . 19. . . , (
) ,
. .
38 , , ,
.
(
). , . [17], .
. 18. , (
. 20).
39
. 19. .
,
, .
,
”
, .
– . .
–
), .
,
, , , .
. 21,
40
.
. 20.
. ) . , . . 22 , .
. 21, , [17],
.
41
. 21.
(
. 22.
(
)
)
42 . [17]. (
)
, (
).
. 23.
(
, ,
. CAD/CAM, CAE .
, , “
.23), PDM, -
” . .
,
.
“
”
UML UML -
43
5.
PDM, (
)
.
,
PDM,
,
. PDM-
:
,
-
. , PLM . , , . CAD3D
. -
: , . ,
. ( ,
),
,
.
,
, ,
, ,
. (“
,
”, “
”, “
”)
,
, .
, ,
44 “
–
–
”.
,
)
, . , . –
“
” . :
,
“
”
, . PDM-
,
, ,
.
.
, ,
,
,
, (
, (
)
(
,
)).
, ,
2.101-85, .
, , ,
".
, ,
,
,
" .
2.101-85 , " ,
, “
”
, (
. 24).
,
(
-
) . ; . ( “
”, ”.
“
)
45 , – 3D .
-
(
),
,
, (
).
3D “3D
”
”. ,
“ . 24. UML,
.
. 24.
“
”
”
46
.
,
, ,
“
”
,
,
,“
”.
, .
, ,
. “
”
(
,
,
,
. .) .
,
, ,
.
,
, . 24,
, . ,
. 25 ( ).
, ,
,
. 25.
.
47 – .
,
, ,
. 26.
. 26. , PDM-
(
–
)
,
. , PDM-
.
. ,
( ).
,
“
-
” .
, (
(
)
). . ,
(
)
,
.
, .
, “
” (
). .
, . ,
. “
,
” “
, . 27 (
” “
. ” ).
48 ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
,
“
28).
. 27.
“
.
”
,
UML
. , . PDM-
(
(Workflow). ( , )
, )
”(
.
49 , .
. 28. .
, . :
•
–
,
,
, –
•
;
,
;
•
–
,
(
);
•
– , ,
-
; •
– ,
, .
50 , . 29.
“
”
. 29.
“
”
, .
”
, , ,
. ,
,
,
.
, “
–
• ;
–
”,
:
51 •
, ;
•
. PDM“
”, “
, UML.
”
“
”
“
” ,
, ) ;
( ,
:
;
;
(
. 30).
. 30.
PDM-
:
• ; •
, ;
•
;
52 • ; • • • • • • •
; ; ; ; ; ; . – ,
), API PDM. ,
, CAD/CAM/CAEPDM.
”
: ;
; ;
; . CAD/CAM
. “ (
PDM.
” CAD/CAM) . CAD(
),
,
PDM,
.
CAD-
PDM, ,
CAD-
, PDM-
. 3D-
CAD,
,
, ,
.
,
PDMPDM-
( ),
CAD-
. – ,
, (
,
53 ,
, ,
,
,
).
“
, ”
PDM, . PDM. , UML PDM-
. PDM SMARTEAM [19, 20].
,
54
6.
PDM. 4, UML . . , ( (
)
), .
(
,
)
, , (
). ,
,
, .
,
, . 9,
, . 31).
(
. ; . (
)
, ,
. 10.
. . 32 – 35 ,
:
; ( (
); (
);
-
). – .
55
. 31
, –
,
,
. , . , . , , . , , (Workflow)
PDM-
56 .
Workflow
PDM-
SMARTEAM.
. 32.
“ ” Workflow
SMARTEAM , (
,
. 36). .
, ,
,
,
. , ,
SMARTEAM ( ).
, :
57
. 33.
58
. 34.
59
.35.
60 •
.
,
, •
.
. ,
, ”
•
,“
”,
. .
. (
),
.
. 36.
Workflow PDM SMARTEAM (
)
,
,
, . , .
,
“
” . ,
, . –
61 ,
. “
”
(
,
“
”
). . ,
, ,
. , (
)
. .
,
, .
,
. ., . , . ,
,
). )
,
,
. , . “ ; registered – ; released – ; frozen –
process –
”
(work-in; controlled – ), .
, SMARTEAM
–
Flow
Chart
Designer
c
.
, ( ),
, . . , . (
,
). .
.
62
SMARTEAM SmartBox. . ,
, SMARTEAM , .
,
,
, ,
. ,
CAD-
,
, ,
. . .
(
,
)
, . . 5, ) . Workflow PDM,
.
SMARTEAM MS Project. MS Project
, .
SMARTEAM
MS Project
, , , (
. , Workflow,
) (
) –
. ; .
, ,
, Workflow
. Workflow. .
63 1.
–
Workflow
),
Workflow PDM.
, 2.
– ( .),
,
,
,
. 3. , , ),
Workflow ( ,
5
,
. (CAD/CAE/CAM)
Workflow PDM,
. : • PDM
( CAD-
,
)
,
Workflow ;
•
Workflow , . , . . , CAD/CAM
, .
, , .
“ CAD-
,
”
(
,
64 , , , ), , .
,
, . , , (
. 37.
).
65
. 37. , (
)
CAD-
, . , PDM-
Workflow.
, CAD/CAE/CAM) – –
CADCATIA
,
(
, ,
. , . ,
, .
. Workflow UML IDEF0 [4], . ,
Workflow UML PDM-
, UML
.
66
7.
PDM-
(
)
(
,
, ,
) (
). .
, PDM-
, PDM,
, (CAD/CAM, CAE, PDM,
,
.). .
.
.5
, ,
,
. CAD-
, , PDM-
.
,
,
–
.
PDM
,
, CAD, . CAD-
PDM-
.
: 1.
CADPDM-
3D CAD-
2. ”( 3.
.
; 3D “3D
. 24); PDM
.
CAD-
”
67
“
CAD-
”
“
“
” .
”
PDM CAD PDM SMARTEAM CATIA, Pro/Engineer,
. CADSolidWorks . PDM SMARTEAM
CAD:
•
CAD3D-
SMARTEAM
; SMARTEAM CAD; SMARTEAM CAD3D, ( . SMARTEAM
• , • 3DCAD-
);
•
, CAD-
, SMARTEAM. , ,
:
PDM,
( ,
.) .
CAD-
,
3D . PDM-
, (
. 38).
PDM-
.
. 39. PDM-
,
( ) ”, “
”, “
“ ”, “
”, ”
. .
,
( )
”
PDMPDM
, API.
68
. 38.
PDM SMARTEAM 3D
PDM SMARTEAM ,
250 (
CAD-
– .
. 40)
,
, . , ,
, ,
. CAD-
3D
, PDM. Workflow, “
” .
69
. 39 PDM
. 40.
CAD
70 .
,
,
, . CAD-
, , ,
,
.
,
:
; ;
. “
”
. ,
, ,
, . ). . ,
”à“
”à“
:“ ”.
, .
.
. ”,
. . : ; ; n-
.
: ,
– , . . ,
71 (
)
. ,
. , .
, . .
, (
,
Techcard ,
). . . , “
”
.
,
.
,
, . ,
. . , .
,
( PDM-
)
.
, . SMARTEAM [19, 20].
PDM(
“ (
”,
) . 41).
,
,
. , ,
,
,
.
72 .
,
, .
,
,
“
”, . .
. 41.
PDM SMARTEAM
. , ,
,
. ,
“
”.
(
), . .
.
73
.
PDM ,
“
”
,
, ,
.). –
. .
( ,
“
, ) ”
. ,
,
. ,
, .
(
)
“
”.
, . , ,
. . :
•
(
) CAD-
. • PDM. CAD( (
“
)
”)
. ,
,
“
”
. ,
. , CAD/CAM,
,
“
” (
. )
“ .
”
74 ”.
,
“ ,
”. PDM-
: . , , . . , . . ,
. .
,
CAD,
CAD-
.
CAD-
, ),
. (“
”),
CAD. , (
. 42). “ “
”,
” , , .
. . . , – .
75
.42.
CAD-
. ( (
-
)
(
)
) ,
(
) .
PDM-
SMARTEAM
, (
3D
,
,
.). –
,
CAD-
,
,
, . –
, 2.108-85;
,
: 2.106-85;
76 2.106-85;
( ).
,
. PDM SMARTEAM :“ ”, “ ”( . . 16).
”, “
”, “
”
( , "
,
,
.).
" . . "
"
"
" ,
"
" "
"
. " ". "
" SMARTEAM ,
,
" "
".
"
"
", ,
(
, ). "
" "
.
"
, ,
"
"(
"
"). ,
,
. ? 28388-89 , , , , .
77 , . PDM (
SMARTEAM,
) (
)
28388-89.
,
,
. –
,
“
” . ( .
)
2.501-88, , : • ; •
(
)
.
.
, , SMARTEAM ,
, ,
. , : •
, ;
•
, , . PDM,
, (
. 43).
:
78
. 43. • ; • ; •
, . , , . 32 – 35. PDM-
Workflow.
UML( . . 6),
,
79
1.
., C. .
.,
., . / , 1987. – 352 .
. :
2.
.
.,
.
.
. .
.: 3.
, 1981. – 456 c. . .: . . – .: “ .
., .
4.
., :
. .,
5.
, 1987. – 288 c. ”, 1993. – 240 c. : . .:
,
1997. – 336 . 6. ,
.
,
.
.
. / :
.
. . , 1997. –
278 c. 7.
.,
. /
. .– ., . CALS-
8.
, . .
.:
320 . 9. CALS (
.
.
, 2002. –
): . / ";
10.
, 484, 2002, c. 6-17.
.,
" . .
.:
; CALS", 1999. – 44 . CALSCALS “
”,
2002. – 130 c. 11. 1. – 12. 13.
.: “ . , 2001. – 376 c. .
/CALS”, 2002. – 174 c. . .:
. .
/ .
-
80 ./ –
:
.
.
.
.
, 2001, c. 626- 646.
14.
PLM . PLM CIMdata // CAD/CAM/CAE Observer, 2, 2003, c. 4-8. 15. ., ., . UML. . . . – .: , 2000. – 432 c. 16. . Rational Rose 2000 UML. : . . – M.: , 2001. – 176 c. 17. . UML. C : BHV, 2002.– 304 c. 18. ARIS: . .: , 2000.–206 c. 19. . PDM SmarTeam. // , 3, 2001, c. 22-29. 20. . . : ( ), 2002. – 92 c. 21. ., ., . . :“ ”, 2004. – 152 c. 22. . UML // , 2, 2004, c. 15-20. 23. . UML //
, ,
24.
488 – .,
;
: .,
, 2004, c. 221-227. . ,
2004, c. 13-17. 25. .,
.
// 2, -
. // , 4, 2004, c. 35-42. 26.G. Schuh, K. Millarg, A. Goransson. Virtuelle Fabrik: neue Marktchansen durch dynamische Netzwerke. Munchen, Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1998. 27.Product Lifecycle Management, «Empowering the Future of Business». CIMdata, http://www.acutyinc.com/News/articles/PLM_defined_CIMdata.
81
API – Application Program Interface CAD – Computer Aided Design CAE – Computer Aided Engineering CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing CALS – Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support CPC – Collaborative Product Commerce CRM – Customer Relationship Management ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning IDEF – Integrated computer aided manufacturing DEFinition MRP – Material Resource Planning MRP II – Manufacturing Resource Planning OEM – Origial Equipment Manufacturer PDM – Product Data Management PLM – Product Lifecycle Management RUP – Rational Unified Process SADT – Structured Analysis Design Technique SCM – Supply Chain Management UML – Unified Modeling Language – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
82
1. PLM2. 3. 4.
…………………………………………………………………3 ……………………………….9 …………………………..16 UML …………………………………………………..27
5. PDM-
…………………………..43
6. PDM-
………………………………..54
7. PDM-
…………………………………………………….66 ……………………………………………..79 ……………………….……………..81
83
1931
.
.
. .
, . . . ,
. , .
.
,
. "
"(
,
-
, " ).
)
" ,
, . : ( ,
.
,
.
); :
(
:
.
,
.
. ,
); (
:
,
.
, .
); (
. (
).
:
.
).
.
84
.
. 00408 05.11.99 14.03.2005 100
837
