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ztoc'rrrr'a
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Y
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na rconue
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3a -
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aroii IITlltIKll no 16 CM . Enre oznra
,IJ;JIllHa
xapaKTepHaH HOCTh
oc06eH
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C ,n;JIllHHhIMll nansnaran,
TOHKllMll OCTphIMll KorTHMll, II03BOJIHIOT
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OH CXBaThIBa
er HX CB OllM ,ll;JIHHHhIM KJIIOBOM IIpHMO co CKaJIhI. JIOBHT ,n;06hItIy CTeHOJIa3 H B IIOJIeTe.
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II'l'HtIKa HMeeT CKpOMHyIO oxpacrcy H aefiom.nme paarae
psr -
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16
CM. rHe3,ll;HTCH xercaa na paaannax II XOJI
MHCThIX .nyrax IIO Bcerr TeppHTopHH EBpOIIhI, a 3HMyeT B TpOIIHtIeCKOrr
7
Arpprrrce , B
rcnaznce casrmr tIeKaHa )];0
Erne HO oun
HHII. IITeHIJ;hI BhIJIYIIJIHIOTCH -repea zme He,n;eJIH.
tIepe3
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He,n;eJIH IITeHllhI IIOKll,ll;aIOT r-neazto,
erne 6eCIIOMoru;HhI H OKOJIO Tpex nezte.m, po,n;HTeJIH IIPO ,n;OJI.iKaIOT 3a60THThCH 0 HHX.
23
Y3HAH MHP
KAMEHKA KaMeHKa -
STO CTpOMHaH rrTJPIKa H3 CeMeMCTBa
.n;P03.n;OBbIX C KJIIOBOM, rrOXO.IKHM aa IlIHJIbIJ;e. ,I:(JIHHa rca MeHKH -
no
16
CM. KaMeHKa 06bIKHoBeHHaH HMeeT H
.n;pyroe Ha3BaHHe
-
rronyrvax.
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06bI"tIHO B MeCTHOCTH, H306HJIyIOIIJ;eM KaMHHMH, B rcarae HHCTbIX H
nec-ransrx nvcrsmax.
KaMeHKH XOpOIliO 6e
npofieacex rrrronca aanpsrr-anae-r aa KaKYIO-HH6y.n;b KOtI rcy HJIH rcaraynrerc rronsnne H ztenaer «rrOKJIOHbI »: TO onycxaer, TO nonnnraaer XBOCT H rOJIOBy. JIeTaeT rca
raIOT. IIocJIe HeCKOJIbKHX KOpOTKHX OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH,
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xpnnaraa.
ayerca CBHCTHIIJ;HMH 3ByKaMH, IIJ;eJIKaHbeM H IIHTaeTcH OHa HaceKOMbIMH.
nYCTblHHblH CHEn1Pb IIYCTbIHHbIM BbIOpKOBbIX.
cner-npr,
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OH
B
K
ceMeMcTBy
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CH BH113 11 zrepacarca y fieper-on 6ypHhIX pexex. I'neazto 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 JII06.HT CTPOl1Th IIO,n; aoztonanaran, xyzta IIpO Hl1KHYTb MO.iKHO TOJIhKO CKB03h TOJII.IJ;y BO,n;bI. IIpoIIl1Ta mre 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 ,n;06hIBaIOT B nozte, BhIJIaBJIl1BaH BO,n;HhIX 6ecII03BOHO'IHbIX 11 paCTeHl1.H.
CAKCAynbHASI COHKA CaKcaYJIhHa.H cOHKa (ceraeiicruo BOPOHOBhIX) 0611Ta e-r B IIyCTbIH.HX OT ApaJIbCKOrO MOpH zto T116eTa. 8Ta rrrmra l1MeeT ,n;JIl1Hy zto COHKl1 -
25
CM. OKpaCKa carccaym.noii
IIeIIeJIbHO-Cepa.H, a .iKl1BeT STa IITl1IJ,a na 3eM
JIe cpezm CKy,n;HOH paCTl1TeJIhHOCTl1.
B
soaztyx STa COH
25
Y3HAH M~P
rca noznrasraerca peznco, a nor o rey II llMeeT OT HOCllTenbHO ManeHbKlle .n;n Ji CBOllX pa3MepOB KPbWbJi - .n;nllHoM Bce ro orco.no 12 CM. JIeToM B ee pauao a BXO.n;JiT na cexoxrsre, a 3llMOM OHa
nepexorra-r aa pact-a TenbHYIO mnrry.
CHHSISI nTHLI,A
Cnnaa m-ana npnnaztneaca'r K ceMeMCTBY .n;P03.n;OBbIX II rrOSTOMY BHeIJlHe narroraaaaer zrpoana, HO OTnll"LlaeTCJi OT Hero fiorree .n;nllHHbIM XBOCTOM II TeMHo-qmoneTOBOM: oKpaCKOM: CnllnOBbIM OTTeHKOM. ,IJ;nllHa CllHeM: m-mrsr rrpntinaaare.nsno 35 CM. BO.n;llTCJi OHa B ropnsrx YI.I.J;enbJiX, r.n;e ecrr, He oxem, r-ycrsre aapocrm ztepenses llnll KYCTOB, npezmomn-aa nepacarr.ca B6nll3ll BO.n;bI. Tlpou.aramre CllHJiJi m-ana .n;o6bIBaeT B sozte, asmaannaaa n ll"LlllHOK II BO.n;HbIX HaceKOMbIX. I1 TeHIJ;bI rrOJiBnJiIOTCJi na CBeT B Mae , a B KOHIJ;e llIOHJi yxce noxnnaior rneana .
26
"iEBblH AYE
llECHbIE, nOllEBbIE, CTEnHbIE, rOPHblE
= ':;.::IHIIM a e T C5I peznco,
APLtEBbU1 AY60HOC
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12
CM. JIeToM
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na
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CeJIIITbCH BblIIIe rpaHIIIJ; JIeCa,
CHerOB. ,IJ;JIIIHa
nOM
IITIIIJ;bI -
OKOJIO
HO
HII:>Ke 30HbI
40 CM.
I'amca JIerKO
parcrepirsra
IOIIJ;IIM rpenazrepcx XOXJIaTOM
XOPOIIIIIM IIMIITaTOp, OHa JIerKO BblY~IIBaeTCH HaCBIIC
3Ta IITHIJ;a, KaK II p o n
paam.re
MeJIo,n;1I1I H MO:>KeT 6blTb oxeas 3a6aBHa
B ztorae. IIpIIPy~eHHoM ranxe MO:>KHO 6e3 60H3HII paspe
CHHII~Kn .
TeJIbHO B XBOMHblX IT JIH~IIHKII
HaceKOMbl X .
IIIaTb JIeTaTb rro nceray ,n;OMy, a OKa3aBIIIIICb na BOJIe, ranxa B03BpaIIJ;aeTCH naaazr K X03HeBaM. BOJIbIIIOe ceMeMCT
nYCTblHHASI CJ1ABKA
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CeMeMCTBO CJIaBOK IIpHHa,z:J;JIe:>KHT K IIO,n;OTpH,n;y nes
~IIX.
10
Cpezm
3TH X rrTHIJ; ecrr, COBceM KpOXOTHble (,n;JIHHOM
CM) II «BeJIHKaHbI» (,n;JIHHOM zto
06bl~HO TOHKHe H
26
CM).
Y
CJIaBKOBbIX
crrOC06HBllIl1eCH K c a . .
B
TpOIIII~eCKHX IlIH
K OJI OH IIH M H , B ,n;PY I"II .
CJIerKa H30rHYTble KHII3Y KJIIOBbI.
I ITIIIJ;bI 3TH IIOJIy~n.
I'aeazra CJIaBKH Ha~HHaIOT CTpOHTb, xorna pacrrycrcarorca
y ra e a n e IIJIeCTI1 (TK a
JIHCTbH. 5IMIJ;a OHH OTKJIa,z:J;bIBaIOT zraa paaa B rozt:
nepnsra
pa3 -
B Mae, BTOPOM -
HIOHH. CaMKa HaCH:>KIIBaeT HMIJ;a
B KOHIJ;e
10-11 ,n;HeM,
BbIKapMJIHBaIOT IITeHIJ;OB 06a po,n;HTeJIH. JIe
U M eTb
casrsre paansre
HO OHn scerna ofipa a e z lOT rJIaBHbIM 06pa30 . . lOTCH n B yraepenno
TOM CJIaBKI1 rrHTaIOTCH HaceKOMbIMI1, a 6JIII:>Ke K ocenn nepexoznrr aa paCTIITeJIbHYIO IIIIIIJ;Y •
Il ycmbllilia.fl
CJla6Ka
Anunuiicicasi
ea.ntca
28
=
rrpII3Ha K
rrpnpyxaerca II IIPIIBH3bIBaeTCH K ~eJIOBeKY. I'arnca TbIBaTb
He60JIbllIaH IITI1~Ka (e'E
Xoxnamasi
CUliU U
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nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
XOxnATASI CHHHUA B OP OH OB b I X ) MMeeT - ~_-'TbI ft KJIIOB M tcpac - "' a B ropax, IIpe,n;IIO a, -:: G
XOXJIaTa.H CMHHu;a, HJIM rpenaztep, -
O,n;HH M3 caxnax
,n;HKOBHHHbIX npencraaareneii ceMeftcTBa CHHHU;. 3Ta He60JIbIIIa.H IITMl.{Ka (ee ,n;JIMHa
ncero
13
CM) HMeeT xa
HO
HM:>Ke 30HbI
parcrepm.ni IIpM3HaK
XOXOJIOK aa rOJIOBe, HaIIOMMHa
40 CM.
I'arnca JIerKO
IOIIJ;Mft rpenaztepcrcyro
IIIaIIKy.
e."IOB e K y . I'anrca
Bepxrree
OIIepeHMe y
XOXJIaToft CHHMl.{KM rcpacnoaaro-fiypo -cepoe.
BO,n;MTC.H
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3Ta IITMu;a, KaK H po,n;CTBeHHa.H eu MOCKOBKa, HCKJIIOl.{M
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TeJIbHO B XBOHHbIX .necax. B paU;HOH ee BXO.LJ;.HT .HUu;a H
6 e 3 60.H3HM paape
JIHl.{MHKM HaceKOMbIX, IIpMHOC.HIIJ;HX spezt
.necy,
- c:a3aB iliM Cb Ha BOJIe,
::233.M .
orHEHHblH TKAliHK
Bo.m.uroe
ceMeUCTBO TKal.{HKOB IIpHHa,n;JIe:>KHT K IIO,n;
orpazry IIeBl.{HX. B
cIIoc06HBiliHeC.H K caMbIM pa3HbIM yCJIOBM.HM 06HTaHH.H.
c' PO X OT H b I e (,n;JIMHOft
B TpOIIHl.{eCKHX IIIHpOTax TKal.{HKH :>KHByT orpOMHbIMH
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KOJIOHH.HMH, B zrpyr-ax MeCTax -
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e KHM3y KJIIOBbI.
IITHI.I:bI 3TH IIOJIyl.{HJIH csoe Ha3BaHHe aa y,n;HBHTeJIbHOe
a paCIIycKalOTC.H
yMeHHe IIJIeCTH (TKaTb) raeana. I'neazta TKal.{HKOB MoryT
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,n;Ba pa3a B
• BTOp o ft -
3'1'0 ceMeUCTBO BXO,n;.HT BH,n;bI, IIpH
K IIO,n;OTp.H,n;y IIeB
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10-11
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HMeTb
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mapa, 6YTbIJIKH H T. II.,
HO OHH acerzra otipaaen COBepIIIeHCTBa. TKal.{MKH 06MTa lOT rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B TpOIIHKax, XOT.H IIOPOU ncrpena IOTC.H H B yMepeHHOM KJIHMaTe.
- -r; o M b I M M , a 6JIM:>Ke T e JI b H Y IO IIMIU;Y.
Oeueutcuii y c m bl li l-la.fl CJla8ICa
X oxnamasi cunuua
mlCa1{,UIC
Y3HAH MViP
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BUpZUH ClCUU lCpaCHbLU
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II
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COpOKH JIerK O
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:m e T
COpOKOnYTh l _ . 3BaHH.H. OHII OIIyIIIKax, B6.!III 3 I1MeIOI.IJ;He
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B~pn1HCK~~ KPACHbl~ KAPA~HAJ1
K IT ,
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ofiarae'r OHa B TpOIIHLIeCKllX IIIHpOTax
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Kapnaaaa
6JIH30K K IIpHHa,ll;JIe:maI.IJ;HM K TOMy xce ce
MellcTBY,ll;y6oHocaM.
COPOKA
Copoxa npaaaztneacnr K
c e ra e iic r a y BOpOHOBhIX H3 IIO
ztorpazta IIeBLIllX, XOT.H rOJI OC y aee H e OLIeHh 6JIaro3By LIeH -
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fiaaapsr
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48
CM.
Cnepxy OHa oxpanrena B
LIepHhIll U;BeT, a C 60KOB II CHll3Y -
B 6eJIhIll, LITO ztano OC
nonarrae Ha3hIBaTh 3 TY IITllU;y coporca-tie.notiox a.
Coporca
IIIHpOKO pacnpocrpanena B cpezmerr IIOJIOCe, HO c emrr s C.H OHa JII06llT B6JIH3ll LIeJIOBeLIeCKoro :mllJIh.H. IIHTaeTc.H
30
KJIIOB. 'I'arpoma f nYT 06llTaeT B
- .
perca Y coypu n I.IJ;H X
TeppnT Op
JIlPI a e T C.H OH .HPK O
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nECHWE, nOnEBWE, CTEnHWE, rOPHWE =~K U U
copoxa
.piru n ax
HaceKOMbIMH, MeJIKHMH
MH, a TaKme CR
qeJIOBeK
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Bparasrn
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H nTHIJ,a
ee RBJIRIOT
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COpOKH JIerKO npnpyvarorca. 8Ta 3a6aBHaR nTHIJ,a MO
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Coporconyrr.r
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MeJIKHMH npeCMbIKaIOIIJ,HMHC.H H
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xor o yroznro. - .:;;a OK p a w
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31
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32
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rcyxyrnex HarM ycrpoeusr rrpacnocofinerrsr ~JI.H JIa3aHH.H rro ~epeBb.HM. ,D;Ba cpezmnx nansua BbICTaBJIe HbI y xyxynncn (KaK H y norryraa) nnepezr, a zraa napyxc HbIX aaaazr. MaJIo Taro, y MHorMX BM~OB rcyrcynrerc qeTBepTbI:i1 rraneu spamaerca, M IITM:o;a MomeT nsmopa qMBaTb era KaK arrepezr, TaK H nasazr. 06bIKHOBeHHa.H KyKylIIKa MMeeT ~JIMHY B cp ezra era 37 CM, M3 KOTOpbIX qyTb MeHbrne rrOJIOBHHbI IIPHXO~MTC.H na XBOCT. Xaparc repnaa oc06eHHOCTb KyKyIIIKHHoro IIOBe~eHH.H: casnca rronfipacsraaer .H:i1:o;a B qymHe rneazta. Hrrrepecao M TO, qTO OKpaCKa .HH:O; KyKylliKH 3aBHCMT 0'1' Toro, B qbe rues zro nozncnazrsraaer MX cararca. rrTH:O; H3 ceMeHCTBa
BeCbMa JII060rrbITHO. OHH 0'1'JIHqHO
cx eopeu
Bopofieii rOPOACK~E nT~u.bl
ITO ne
MellcTBY TKaLIIlK _ MeHOBaHl-re
BO
TaK ero Ha3BaJI H
B
paanene
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C
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cnOC06~11~Cb ~~Tb PSlAOM C ~e 110BeKOM. 3AeCb Mbl BCTpeT~M ~ r011y6S1, ~
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TalOT Ha XJIe6H h l e HeMaJIhIll
npezt.
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I'amca (ceMefIC eTCH CaMOll Mem w [ ua COCTaBJIHeT B C Y raJIKH TeMHoe , n a cencrsyer C LIeJIO Be=-
_
rOPOACKlttE nn1L.\bl
nOllEBO~ BOP06E~ Bopo6eM IIOJIeBOM OTHOCIITC.R K ce MeMcTBy TKaLIIIKOBhIX. ,I!;pyroe ero HaII MeHOBaHIIe -
nopofieii KpaCHOrOJIOBhIM.
TaK ero Ha3BaJIII IIO 3aThIJIKY KpaCHO
,3 Ha KO
6yporo IJ;BeTa. B OTJIIILIIIe OT ropO,ZJ;CKO
npa C '"Ie
JRIITh B OTKphITOM IIOJIe IIJIII B JIIICTBeH
M
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~
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nen T. 3T~ •
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cexrena II 3epHa, JIeTOM -
I1Hor,ZJ;a CTaH IIOJIeBhIX nopotises HaJIe TaIDT aa XJIe6Hhle IIOJI5I, IIpIILIHH5I5I HM HeMaJIhIM Bpe,ZJ;.
rAJ1KA I'amca (ceraeiicrno BOpOHOBhIX, IIO,ZJ;OTPM IIeBLIIIx) 5IBJI.R eTC5I CaMOM MeJIKOM II3 openaeeaporreiicxnx BOpOH. Ee ,ZJ;JIH aa COCTaBJI5IeT B
cpennex 33
y raJIKII TeMHoe, na CIIHHe -
CM. OIIepeHIIe na JI6y H rOJIOBe ceposaroe. I'amca Hepe,ZJ;KO CO
ce,ZJ;CTByeT C LIeJIOBeKOM II ycrpaaaaer ce6e rHe3,ZJ;a IIO,ZJ;
xpsr
IlIaMH ,ZJ;OMOB, B aafiporuenxsrx ,ZJ;hIMOBhIX rpyfiax r,ZJ;e eM
BCIO,ZJ;y,
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JRII3Hepa,ZJ;ocT
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Ona
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orJIaIlIaeT OKpeCTHOCTII CBOII MIl 3BycrHhIMH KpHKa.lYlH. I'an rca, KaK H BOpOH, 06ycraeTC5I IIo,ZJ;paJRaTh
ro.nocy
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IITHIJ; II LIeJIOBeKa. faJIKII .ner KO
IIPIIB~Ka.IDT
K HeBOJIe II
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47
Y3HA~ MViP
AEPEBEHCKASI llACTOlJKA I Ipe,n;CTaBMTeJIM cewreiicrna JIaCTO'IeK (IIO,n;OTpa,n; IIeB'IMe) OTJIM'IaIOTCa M3a:r.u;HhIMM c)JOpMaMM.
Xapaxreprrsrra
3HaKOM JIaCTO'IeK aBJIaeTCa pa3,n;BOeHHhIX XBOCT.
IIpM
Heztapovr
XOTa ,n;OMaIIIHZ CMhICJIe CJIOBa , a
nozrorpazry IIeB
M H Or Me TeXHWIeCKMe IIpMCIIOCo6JIeHMa Ha3hIBaIOT IIO ero
KM He CJIy'IaIl H
rpoprae «JIaCTO'IKMH XBOCT ». IIMTaIOTca JIaCTO'IKM MCKJIIO
06MTaIOT OHH T o..-:
'IMTeJIhHO JIeTaIO:r.u;MMM HaceKOMhIMM. He aBJIaeTCa MCKJIIO
mMByT
'IeHMeM M zrepeaeacxaa JIaCTO'IKa,
npanaztneacantaa K
pozry
naorzta 3TY JIaCTO'IKy M Ha3hIBaIOT 18 CM, a IIpeo6JIa,ZJ;aIO:r.u;Mll cnaesaro-uepnsra C MeTaJIJIM'IeCKMM
KacaTOK. KCTaTM, TaK
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6JIeCKoM. JIacTO'IKa JIeIIMT
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M rJIMHhI, CMa
oceztno
II
ropo,n;a MJIM T OIl ': • peCHO, oznrarc o , mMByT B IIOKH H} malliliMll
aace, e""
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6
'IMBaa ee CJIIOHOll. I'neana 06hI'IHO IIpMJIeIIJIaIOTCa K KapHM 3aM, K HMmHell 'IaCTM KpOBJIM KphIIII. JIoBa HaceKOMhIX, JIaCTO'IKM IIoe,n;aIOT MX BO BpeMaIIOJIeTa.OceHhIOJIaCTO.IKI1 C06MpaIOTca B CTaM 11 YJIeTaIOT B TeIIJIhle rcpaa.
I IPMBhI'IHbUl
poznra zmrcoro roPOACKASI llACTOlJKA I'opoztcxaa JIaCTO'IKa HeCKOJIhKO OT JIM'IaeTCa OT cnoeji ,n;epeBeHcKoll COIIJIeMeHHMI..J,~.
Y
ropo,n;cKOll JIaCTO'IKM
Ha,ZJ;JIemaT K o n a pa,n;OM C'IeJIOBe K O . y JIMI..J,y MJIM IIJIOm 'IeJIOBeKa.foJI y6
60JIee KOPOTKMll XBOCT, M BhleMKa B HeM He raxaa rvry 60Kaa, KaK y ztepeaeacxoji. ,IJ;JIMHa ropoztcxoii JIaCTO'IKM acero
14
CM. Ha 3I1MY roponcrcne JIaCTO'IKI1 yJIeTaIOT
B TeIIJIhle xpaa, a JIeTOM yCTpaMBaIOT CBOM r-aeazia na
Hx psre
napyacm.rx
croponax 3,n;aHMll.
npar'axrn aBJIaIOTCa nopotir.a,
KOTO
nepeznco 3aXBaThIBaIOT JIaCTO'IKMHhI
r-aeazia,
nsrfipactanaa
or-ryna BhIJIyIIMB
IIIMxca IITeHI..J,OB.
J( ep ee en ctcasi nacmouica
Topodctcasi n acm outca
C •
Bop otieii doscoeoi:
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aopofisn
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CMbICJIe CJIOBa, a TOJIbKO qIIpIIKaIOT, OHII
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rne
.iKIIBeT qeJIOBeK.
.iKIIByT
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II 06blqHO He BbIJIeTaIOT
aa
Bopofisn roro
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aa CBeT. HHTe ocezt.noii .iKII3HII He
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a nepeCeJIHIOTCH B 6JIII
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Tpyztno npencrauar-s
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pO,n:HH zmxoro CKaJIIICTOrO rOJIy6H. H TOT, II ,n:pyroll aaztnexca-r K O,n:HOMy pH,n:OM C qeJIOBeKOM.
cnoeit
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49
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cepzme 3aXO,n;IITCJI OT BOCTOpra, xorna OHII BII,n;JIT rOJIy6eH B rrozrere -
6eJIOCHejRHbIe rrTII:O;bI, C6IIBIIIIICb B rrOXOjRYlO
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Cepaa
BOpOHa (CeMeHCTBO BOpOHOBbIX), XOTJI II II3,n;a
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npe uiec pas JOlts-tw MHO
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22
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Cnepxy
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r.naaa 11 MHoro HMeH: paraii, 30pHMK, BaJIhIIIHJI, IIIa6aIII rca ... ,IJ;JII1Ha narn.nnnrerra -
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32
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KyJII1KOB, aB,D;OTK a . . BhICI1.>KHBaeT rrTeHII HYB,rrOKI1,D;aroTrH
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