Введение в информатику: Учебно-методическое пособие

ɎȿȾȿɊȺɅɖɇɈȿ ȺȽȿɇɌɋɌȼɈ ɉɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɘ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɈȿ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə «ȼɈɊɈɇȿɀɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ»

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ȼ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɌɂɄɍ ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ

ɉ.ȼ. ɋɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ

ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ 2007

ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ 29 ɦɚɹ 2007 ɝ., ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʋ 9

Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɋ.Ⱦ. Ɇɚɯɨɪɬɨɜ

ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ (ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ «ɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ»).

ɤɭɪɫɚ

1

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: 020300 – ɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ

2

ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɨɛ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ: ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɧɚɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɣɬɨɦ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɣɬɨɜ, ɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɜɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɞɢɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɣɬɨɜ, ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɗɬɨ: – ɤɢɥɨɛɚɣɬ (Ʉɛ) = 1024 ɛɚɣɬɚ; – ɦɟɝɚɛɚɣɬ (Ɇɛ) = 1024 ɤɢɥɨɛɚɣɬɚ; – ɝɢɝɚɛɚɣɬ (Ƚɛ) = 1024 ɦɟɝɚɛɚɣɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɛɚɣɬ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ (ɰɢɮɪɚ, ɛɭɤɜɚ). Ɉɞɧɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɩɢɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ – ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 1800 ɛɚɣɬ, ɢɥɢ 1,8 Ʉɛ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɧɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɹ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ. ɇɟɤɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ-ɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɦ (ɨɬ ɚɧɝɥ. file – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɲɢɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɩɨɞɲɢɜɤɚ). Ɏɚɣɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ: ɢɦɟɧɟɦ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ. ɂɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɭ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɮɚɣɥɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 8 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ). ȼ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Windows XP ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨ 255 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ – 0 ɛɚɣɬ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɣɥ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɟ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ: ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɟɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ Word ɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ .doc, ɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ Excel ɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ .xls ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ: ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ), ɮɚɣɥɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ – ɷɬɨ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɟɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ 3

ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. Ɏɚɣɥɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɬ. ȼ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ: ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ – ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɋɬɪɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ. ȼ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ. ɋ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ, ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɩɤɢ. ɂɦɹ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ, ɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɧɟɬ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. ɉɚɩɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɬ. ɟ. ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ. ȼ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ. ɉɚɩɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ, ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ. ɋɚɦɵɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɦ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɚ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɮɚɣɥɵ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɦɚ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ – ɨɬ «ɋ» ɞɨ «Z». (Ȼɭɤɜɵ A ɢ ȼ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɞɨɜ.) ȼ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɨɦɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɢ ɨɧ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ – ɧɟ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ – ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ 1. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ. Ʉ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɬɵ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɤɨɥɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. 2. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɨ 4

3.

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6.

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɬɨ ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɭɫɵ, ɚɪɯɢɜɚɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ. Ɉɮɢɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɮɢɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɮɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɩɚɤɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ʉ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ. ɂɝɪɵ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬ. ɟ. ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɬɢɩɚ IBM PC ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ, ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɦɵɲɶ. ȼɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ (motherboard – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ) ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ – ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɜɯɨɞ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ – ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ (ɬɚɤɬɨɜ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ. Ɍɚɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɝɟɪɰɚɯ (Ɇɝɰ). ɋ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɟ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɧɵ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ, ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɒɢɧɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ – 8, 16, 32, 64. ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ 5

ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɷɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ Intel Pentium IV ɢ AMD Athlon. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɚɯ. Ɉɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ (ɈɁɍ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɛɚɣɬɚɯ (ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: 64, 128, 256 Ɇɛɚɣɬ). ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ – ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɭ ɫ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɜɨɞɚɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ (ɈɁɍ) ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɚɯ – ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ – ɀɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ (ɜɢɧɱɟɫɬɟɪ) ɯɪɚɧɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɯɪɚɧɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɨɬ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɦɟɝɚɛɚɣɬ ɞɨ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɝɢɝɚɛɚɣɬ) ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. – Ƚɢɛɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ (ɞɢɫɤɟɬɚ) ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. – Ɉɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ (ɋD-ROM) ɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ. Ȼɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɢ, ɚ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. – DVD-ɞɢɫɤ (digital versatile disc) – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɤ. ȼɧɟɲɧɟ DVD-ɞɢɫɤɢ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ CD ɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ CD-ɞɢɫɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ DVD-ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɟɪ, ɜɢɞɟɨɤɚɪɬɚ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɟɬɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ. Ʉɭɥɟɪ – ɷɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ. ȿɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. Ɂɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ, ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ, ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ. ɋɟɬɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ 6

ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȼɢɞɟɨɤɚɪɬɚ (ɜɢɞɟɨɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ) – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ, ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ. ȼɢɞɟɨɤɚɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɤ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ. ɉɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ – ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪ – ɷɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɜɫɸ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. ȼɢɞɟɨɤɚɪɬɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɜɢɞɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟɨɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɚ ɜɢɞɟɨɤɚɪɬɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 60 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ (CRT) ɢɥɢ ɠɢɞɤɨ-ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (LCD). ȼ CRT-ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɥɸɦɢɧɨɮɨɪɚ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ. LCD-ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. ȼ LCD-ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 70 % ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ CRT. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɵ – ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɨɬ 15 ɞɨ 21 ɞɸɣɦɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɢ (1 ɞɸɣɦ = 2,54 ɫɦ). ɗɤɪɚɧ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ: ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 25 ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɨ 80 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ. ȼ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 800 u 600 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɸ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ 1152 u 864 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɹ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɨɣ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 4 ɰɜɟɬɚ, 16 ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, 256 ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ʉɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. Ʉɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ 7

ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɞɨɦ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Shift ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɬɨ ɢɯ ɤɨɞ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɟɧ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ! ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɚ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ 20 ɤɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɠɚɬɵɯ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɞɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ ɷɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ, ɩɨɫɵɥɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ «ɡɧɚɟɬ», ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ, ɢɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɩɭɳɟɧɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɛɭɤɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɚ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬ. ɧ. «ɩɨɪɨɝ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚ» – ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ, ɬɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɞɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ. Ɇɵɲɶ – ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. ɉɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɵɲɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. ɉɨɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɨɩɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɨɧɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɵ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ. Ɉɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɵɲɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ. ȿɳɟ ɦɵɲɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ. Ɋɚɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚ «ɞɜɭɯɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɟ» ɢ «ɬɪɟɯɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɟ». Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɠɟ ɬɪɟɯɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ (ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ). ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɵɲɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ «ɪɚɞɢɨɦɵɲɤɢ» ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ «ɪɚɞɢɨɧɚɱɢɧɤɭ», ɬɨ ɜɟɫɹɬ ɨɧɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɧɭɬɶ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɨɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ – ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 3–5 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ʉ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪ, ɫɤɚɧɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɦ, ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ, ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧ, ɞɠɨɣɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɢɧɬɟɪ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ. 8

ȼɢɞɵ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɨɜ 1. Ɇɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ, ɧɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɲɭɦɹɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɝɨ. 2. Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɮɢɫɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɧɨ-ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. 3. ɋɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ 4 ɤɪɚɫɤɢ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ 7 ɤɪɚɫɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 500 ɫ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ. 4. Ɍɜɟɪɞɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɥɹɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɩɢɢ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ – ɞɨ 2 ɤɨɩɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɛɪɭɫɨɱɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɱɟɱɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɭɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɦɵɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɤ. ɑɟɪɧɢɥɚ 4-ɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɰɜɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ CMYK: ɫɢɧɢɣ, ɦɚɥɢɧɨɜɵɣ, ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ. ɋɤɚɧɟɪ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɞɵ. Ɉɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɚɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɨɜ (ɫɥɚɣɞɨɜ). Ɇɨɞɟɦ – ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ. Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɮɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ. Ⱦɠɨɣɫɬɢɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɝɪ. ɉɨɪɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ ɇɨɭɬɛɭɤ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɪɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦ: ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤ – ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤ – ɷɬɨ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɡɚɪɹɞɤɢ. 9

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ Pentium III ɢɥɢ IV. ȼɟɫ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɨɬ 1,5 ɞɨ 3,5 ɤɝ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨ 6 ɱɚɫɨɜ. Ʉɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ – ɷɬɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɫɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ (Palm). ɑɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ «ɧɚɥɚɞɨɧɧɵɦɢ». Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɵɦɢ ɤɧɢɠɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ. ɋ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ, ɨɬɵɫɤɚɜ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚ 2–3 ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ. Ⱥ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɧɢɠɤɚɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɜɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ Palm ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɚ – ɫɬɢɥɭɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɛɭɤɜ ɢ ɰɢɮɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɮɢɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɷɤɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɭ (ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɭɝɥɚɯ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɮɮɢɬɢ). ɉɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɚɞɪɟɫɚ, ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ) ɢ ɝɪɚɮɮɢɬɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɄɉɄ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ, ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ɫɚɦɚ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɪɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɬɨ ɞɟɥɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɄɉɄ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɜ ɄɉɄ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɤɧɢɝ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɱɢɬɚɥɤɢ», ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ: 1) ɹɞɪɨ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; 2) ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ – ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ; 3) ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ IBM-ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ Microsoft, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ Windows; – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Linux. ɇɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ Windows, ɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ Linux ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ. 10

ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ Windows XP ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ. ȼɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɜɢɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɭ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ. ȼɢɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ «ɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ», ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ – ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ Windows XP ɉɟɪɜɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɷɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ Windows XP. ɇɚ ɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɹɤɢɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɡɚɦɟɬɤɢ, ɢɤɨɧɤɢ. ɂɤɨɧɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɣɥɚɦ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ) ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɧɹɥ, ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. ɂɤɨɧɤɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɤɨɧɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ. ɉɚɩɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɩɨɤ. ɇɚɞ ɩɚɩɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɢɯ, ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. əɪɥɵɤ – ɢɤɨɧɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɩɚɩɤɭ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɹɪɥɵɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɹɪɥɵɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɤɥɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɩɨ ɹɪɥɵɤɭ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɤɨɧɤɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Windows XP. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɨɤɧɚ – ɷɬɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ – ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɚ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɧ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɢ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ) «ɫɴɟɞɚɟɬ» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɧɟ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɶɸ, (ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɪɵɬɨ). Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɜɫɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ (ɰɜɟɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɥɟɤɥɵɦ). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ Windows XP ɋɚɦɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Windows XP – ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɉɭɫɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɟɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ 11

ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ. – Ɇɨɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ: ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. – ɇɟɞɚɜɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɬɟɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɮɚɣɥɨɜ), ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. – Ɇɨɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. – Ɇɨɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ. ɗɬɚ ɩɚɩɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ. – Ɇɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. ȿɫɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ, ɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ (ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɢ, ɫɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ CD-ROM, DVD), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɚɦɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. – ɉɪɢɧɬɟɪɵ ɢ ɮɚɤɫɵ. Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɮɚɤɫɨɜ. – ɋɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ. – ɉɨɢɫɤ. ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ (ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɩɚɩɤɢ) ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ. – ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɡɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ. ȼ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɉɭɫɤ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɇɚ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Windows – ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɩɚɩɤɢ) ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ. ɇɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɨɤɨɧ. ɇɚ ɧɟɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ Windows XP ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ. Ɍɭɬ ɠɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ. 12

Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ – ɷɬɨ ɬɢɩ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ), ɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. – Ⱥɞɪɟɫ. ɗɬɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ: ɬɨɦ, ɩɚɩɤɭ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ, ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ. – ɋɫɵɥɤɢ. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ. – əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ. ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. – Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ. ȼɵɞɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɢɤɨɧɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ. – Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ. ɇɚ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. – ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɭɝɥɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɣ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Windows XP ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ, ɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ Ɉɤɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: 1) ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ; 2) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ: ɉɭɫɤ o ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ o Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɵ o ɗɤɪɚɧ. ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɟɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ. Ɍɟɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Windows XP: ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ, ɜɢɞ ɢ ɰɜɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɤɨɧɨɤ, ɜɢɞ ɢ ɰɜɟɬ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɜ, ɧɚɛɨɪ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ Windows XP ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɟ ɬɟɦɵ – Windows XP ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Windows 2000. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɝɞɟ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ) ɜɫɹɤɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɦɚɦ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ – Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Ɉɛɡɨɪ. ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ 13

ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ: ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ, ɡɚɦɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɶ. Ɂɚɫɬɚɜɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ȼ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɭɠɧɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ «ɩɪɨɝɨɪɚɥ» ɷɤɪɚɧ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ – ɗɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɠɚɜ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ, ɞɢɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ. ɀɞɭɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɠɞɭɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɋɩɹɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɠɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ Windows XP ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ – Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ Ɉɤɧɚ ɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɭɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɦɟɧɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɪɨɞɟ ɬɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ. ɓɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɰɜɟɬ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɟɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɬɨ, ɩɟɪɟɬɚɳɢɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢɤɨɧɤɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɹɪɥɵɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɹɪɥɵɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɤɢ o Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɢɤɨɧɤɢ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɫɵɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɪɥɵɤ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ o ɇɚɣɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ: ɷɫɤɢɡɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɩɥɢɬɤɚ, ɡɧɚɱɤɢ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ȼɢɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɢɩɚ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɗɫɤɢɡɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɥɢɬɤɚ ɢ Ɂɧɚɱɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ 14

ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɞɭɬ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ. ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ Windows XP ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ Windows ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ Windows – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɚɩɤɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɉɭɫɤ o ȼɫɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ o ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ o ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ (ɩɚɩɤɭ) ɜ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ – ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɧɚ ɮɚɣɥ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɜ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ: ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Drag and Drop ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ. Drag and Drop («ɬɚɳɢ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɣ») – ɷɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɵɲɶɸ: ɧɟɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬɫɹ» ɦɵɲɶɸ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ – ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɚɣɥɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ – ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ: Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ȼɵɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ Copy-Past. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ, ɧɚɠɚɜ ɧɚ ɢɤɨɧɤɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɜ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɉɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ. ɉɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ. – Ⱥɞɪɟɫɚɬ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ. – Ɇɨɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɭ Ɇɨɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ. – Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ (ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɹɪɥɵɤ). ɗɬɨɬ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɹɪɥɵɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ. – ɋɠɚɬɚɹ ZIP-ɩɚɩɤɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɠɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟ. – Ⱦɢɫɤ 3,5 (Ⱥ:). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟɬɭ. – DVD-R ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɞ (D:). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɧɚ CD ɢɥɢ DVD. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ, ɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɤɨɩɨɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɨɤɧɚ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɜɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ, ɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ ɬɚɳɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. 15

ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɬɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɦɵɲɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ, ɧɨ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ Ctrl. ȼ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ ɨɤɧɚ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɩɚɩɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɸ. ɗɬɢɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ, ɩɟɪɟɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɫɥɟɜɚ. Ʉɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪ ȼ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɵɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Ʉɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɧɢ ɢ ɞɪɨɛɢ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɦɟɧɸ ȼɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɣ, ɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɫɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ: ɛɭɥɟɜɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɪɢɝɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɬɵɤɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦ ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɦɵɲɶɸ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɟ NumLock. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ Paint Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ Paint ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ (ɢ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ) ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɚɩɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Paint ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ: ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ, ɤɢɫɬɶ, ɥɚɫɬɢɤ, ɡɚɥɢɜɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɨɱɤɭ. ɍ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɦɚɡɤɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɢɪɚɬɶ ɤɭɫɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ. Ɂɚɥɢɜɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɵ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɰɜɟɬ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɚ, ɤɢɫɬɢ, ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɟ, ɚ Ɋɚɫɩɵɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ. Ɏɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Paint ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ, ɤɚɞɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ. Ɋɚɡɜɨɪɨɬ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ o Ɉɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ/ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ o ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ… ɑɚɫɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɥɢɲɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɭɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɞɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɟ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪ 16

ɨɛɦɟɧɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ – ɪɟɬɭɲɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɭɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ – ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, – ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ o Ɋɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɶ/ɇɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɚ, ɟɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ o ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ, ɚ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɟɧɸ Ɍɢɩ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ JPEG. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ (ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ), ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ (ɚɪɯɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ). MicrosoftWord ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ MicrosoftWord – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ MS Office ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɦɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ MicrosoftWord ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɨɬɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ – ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ; ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ MicrosoftWord ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ MicrosoftWord – ɷɬɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ – Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɨɤɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ MicrosoftWord, ɢɦɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɢɦɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɫɥɟɜɚ) ɢ ɬɪɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɧɨɦ (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ): «ɋɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ», «Ɋɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ» ɢ «Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶ». – ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɦɟɧɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ. ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ MicrosoftWord. – ɉɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ – «ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ» ɢ «Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ» – 17

ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɤɧɨɩɤɢ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ MicrosoftWord. ɉɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ. – ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɛɡɚɰɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚ, ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɢ. – ɉɨɥɨɫɵ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ. – ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ, ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ, ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. – Ʉɭɪɫɨɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ. Ʉɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɵɲɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ Ȼɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ – ɷɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ: ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ «drag-and-drop» (ɬɚɳɢ-ɢ-ɤɢɞɚɣ) – ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɪɯɭ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ, ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɚɛɡɚɰɚ, ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ, ɮɨɧɚ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɋɬɢɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ. Ɍɢɩɵ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ 1. ɋɬɢɥɶ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɦɟɠɞɭɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ. 2. ɋɬɢɥɶ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɲɪɢɮɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ. 18

3. ɋɬɢɥɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɡɚɥɢɜɤɭ, ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ. 4. ɋɬɢɥɶ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɧɚɤɢ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɢ ɲɪɢɮɬɵ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɦ. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftWord Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ

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Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftWord ȼɢɞ ĺ ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ȼɢɞ ĺ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ȼɢɞ ĺ Ʌɢɧɟɣɤɚ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ ȼɢɞ ĺ Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ȼɢɞ ĺ Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ WordArt, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɇɚɞɩɢɫɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ĺ Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ĺ ɋɧɨɫɤɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɧɨɫɨɤ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɒɪɢɮɬ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɲɪɢɮɬ, ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ⱥɛɡɚɰ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ, ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɜ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɭɦɟɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɚ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ʉɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ȼɭɤɜɢɰɚ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɢɰɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɋɬɢɥɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ əɡɵɤ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ ɉɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ ɇɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɵɲɢ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ (ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ, ɹɱɟɟɤ) Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɢɥɢ 20

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftWord

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɤɚɤ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ Ɋɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ Ɋɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ĺ Ⱥɜɬɨɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ

Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 1 1. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ. 2. Ɉɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ WordArt. 3. ȼɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɜ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ. 4. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ. 5. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ» ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. ʋ ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 1 ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ Windows, MS Word, 40 ɱɚɫɨɜ MS Excel 2 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ Internet Explorer, 30 ɱɚɫɨɜ E-mail 3 Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ CorelDraw, PhotoShop 80 ɱɚɫɨɜ 4 1C:Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɢɹ Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɜ 40 ɱɚɫɨɜ 1ɋ:Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɢɹ Ɉɩɥɚɬɚ – ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɩɪɟɣɫɤɭɪɚɧɬɭ – ɍɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ – ȼɟɱɟɪɧɹɹ Ⱥɞɪɟɫ: ɭɥ. Ɇɚɪɲɚɤɚ, 43 Ɍɟɥ.: 123-456

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Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 2 1. ɇɚɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. 2. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɦɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. 3. ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. 4. ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɮɢɝɭɪɭ. 5. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɛɡɚɰɟɜ. ɋɨɫɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɤɚɥɚɯ

ə ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɥ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɧɵɦ, Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɫɩɹɬ ɜɨ ɦɝɥɟ, Ʉɚɤ ɲɭɦɧɨ ɫ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɹɬ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɇɚ ɝɨɥɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɥɟ. ɂ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ: Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɪɚɜɵ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ. Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɝɨɪɞɵɟ ɛɟɪɭɬ? ɂ ɧɟ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ ɜ ɦɭɞɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɚɯ – ɉɚɫɬɭɯ, ɑɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɶɹ ɪɨɫ, ɉɨɦɨɝ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɦɧɟ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ, ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: Ɉɧɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɬ ɜɪɨɫɥɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ, ɂ ɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɞɟɥɹ. ɋɭɪɨɜɵɣ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɢɯ – Ɋɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɡɟɦɥɹ. Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɣ ɀɢɝɭɥɢɧ

Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3 1. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɭ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ MicrosoftEquation 3.0. 2. ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɮɢɝɭɪɭ.

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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ 2S 3

1. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ

³ sin 3xdx . 0

f

n 2n ) . 3n  1 n 0 §3 4 6· 3. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ¨¨ 7 2 9 ¸¸ . ¨1 0 2¸ © ¹ 4. Ɋɟɲɢɬɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɭcc  3 yc  4 y e x cos x . 2. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞ

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Microsoft Excel ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ Microsoft Excel – ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Excel. 1. ȼɜɨɞ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. 2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ. 3. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ (Excel, ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ, ɲɚɛɥɨɧ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɢ ɞɪ.). 4. ȼɜɨɞ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. 5. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ.). 6. ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.). 7. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɡɚɦɟɧɵ. 23

8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

ɂɦɩɨɪɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Word, PowerPoint, Access). Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ (ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ.). ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Microsoft Office (ɩɨɢɫɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ, ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ Ⱥɜɬɨɮɢɝɭɪɚ – ɝɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ – ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɂɦɹ – ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ (ɹɱɟɣɤɭ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɫ – ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ Excel ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Ɇɚɫɫɢɜ – ɧɚɛɨɪ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɥɢɛɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Excel ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱ – ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɧɞ – ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ (ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ). Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ – ɡɧɚɤ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɢɩ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚɦɢ. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɩɚɧɟɥɶ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ.

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ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ – ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɦɟɧɸ, ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ, ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɤɧɚ, ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ – ɮɚɣɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ Excel. Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɥɢɫɬ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ 16 777 216 ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɢɡ 65 536 ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ 256 ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ. ɋɫɵɥɤɚ – ɚɞɪɟɫ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ (ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ) ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ Excel, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɫɫɵɥɤɢ. ɂɦɟɧɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ) ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ: 1) ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ; 2) ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ – ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɂɋɌɂɇȺ ɢɥɢ ɅɈɀɖ; 3) ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ & ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ; 4) ɫɫɵɥɤɢ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵ ɹɱɟɟɤ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ – ɝɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ Excel ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ – ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ. əɱɟɣɤɚ – ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ) ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: 1) ɚɞɪɟɫ – ɷɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ) ɹɱɟɣɤɢ; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɛɭɤɜɵ (ɧɨɦɟɪɚ) ɫɬɨɥɛɰɚ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ;

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2) ɫɫɵɥɤɚ – ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ. ɋɫɵɥɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɦɢ (ɬ. ɟ. ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ), ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ (ɷɬɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ) ɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɢɥɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ). ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɭ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftExcel Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɚ (ɤɧɢɠɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɧɚɹ), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ Ɏɚɣɥ ĺ ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɉɬɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɜɨɞ Ɉɬɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɜɜɨɞ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨɬɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ȼɵɪɟɡɚɬɶ ȼɵɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɡ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ Word ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ) ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ȼɭɮɟɪ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ Office ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɉɨɢɫɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɟɣ) ȼɢɞ ĺ Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ 26

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftExcel ȼɢɞ ĺ Ɋɚɡɦɟɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ

ȼɢɞ ĺ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ȼɢɞ ĺ ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ȼɢɞ ĺ ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ȼɢɞ ĺ Ʉɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɵ ȼɢɞ ĺ Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ əɱɟɣɤɢ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɬɪɨɤɢ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɬɨɥɛɰɵ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ʌɢɫɬ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ƚɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ĺ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ əɱɟɣɤɢ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɋɬɪɨɤɚ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɋɬɨɥɛɟɰ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ʌɢɫɬ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ ɋɬɢɥɶ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ĺ Ⱥɜɬɨɮɨɪɦɚɬ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɬɢɬɭɥɨɜ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ WordArt, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɚɜɬɨɮɢɝɭɪ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɝɢɩɟɪɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ȼɵɛɨɪ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ (ɨɛɳɢɣ, ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ, ɞɚɬɚ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɮɨɧɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɚ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ (ɮɨɧɚ) ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ 27

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ MicrosoftExcel ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Excel ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ĺ Ɂɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɨɬ ɥɢɫɬ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ĺ Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ĺ ɋɧɹɬɶ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ĺ ɂɬɨɝɢ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ĺ ɋɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 4 1. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ «ɍɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ 1 ɤɭɪɫɚ». 2. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ «1 ɫɟɦɟɫɬɪ» ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ 1 ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ «ɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ» ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɡɚ 1 ɫɟɦɟɫɬɪ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ. 3. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɍɆɆ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɚɥɥ – ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɊɁɇȺɑ. 4. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ: 1) ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɩɟɧɞɢɟɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ =ȿɋɅɂ(G4=5;"+";" "); 2) ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɩɟɧɞɢɟɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ =ȿɋɅɂ(ɂ(Ɇɂɇ(C4:E4)>=4;G4