>hfZrgyy jZ[hlZ ihjmkkdhfmyaudm aZ deZkk
d mq_[gbdm ©JmkkdbcyauddeZkkª ;ZjZgh\Z FLb ^jF©Ijhk\_s_gb_ª...
77 downloads
380 Views
775KB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
>hfZrgyy jZ[hlZ ihjmkkdhfmyaudm aZ deZkk
d mq_[gbdm ©JmkkdbcyauddeZkkª ;ZjZgh\Z FLb ^jF©Ijhk\_s_gb_ª]
mq_[ghijZdlbq_kdh_ ihkh[b_
;h]Zlkl\hjmkkdh]hyaudZkhklhbl\ lhfqlhhgh^gh\j_f_ggh djZkb\h b f_eh^bqgh a\mqbl jZkiheZ]Z_l [hevrbf aZiZkhf keh\ ihklhygghjZa\b\Z_lkyhghq_gvjZaghh[jZa_g >bdlZgl
IbkZl_evDIZmklh\kdbchlf_qZe©>ey\k_]h\ jmkkdhfyaud_ _klv\_ebdh_fgh`_kl\hohjhrbokeh\ªLZdebwlh" GZijbf_jfuqblZ_fklbobjmkkdboihwlh\b \b^bfdZd ©b]jZ xlª m gbo keh\Z \ hibkZgbb jZaebqguo \j_f_g ]h^Z a¶@_ckZglbf_Cljkd\hj_>r@gbdyb>r@gbpZ
Keh\Zk [_am^Zjgufb_ \dhjgyoa_feyq_jg_lvf_evdZlvg_ [hk\h^p\_lghc\_ljZKeh\hk h]emr_gb_fa\hgdh]hkh]eZkgh]hgZ dhgp_ \_ljh\ a_fe_ q_jg_ xl >a¶@±kh]ea\fy]d >q @±kh]e]emofy]d >b@±]e[_am^ >b@±]e[_am^ >f@±kh]ea\l\ >j@±kh]ea\l\ >e @±kh]ea\fy]d >g @±kh]ea\fy]d >w@±]em^ >w@±]em^ [md\a\mdh\ >c @±kh]ea\fy]d >m@±]e[_am^ >l@±kh]e]emol\ [md\a\mdh\
©vª khrvzf [mjvyg \uev_rv kh[vx kheh\vb \vxl fmjZ\vb qvb ihevzf
\hkvfhc ijhkv[Z k_evkdbc fhehlv[Z \havf_rv hdly[jvkdbc k_jv]Z lhgvr_ bxgvkdbc
©tª kt_klgh_ ih^tzf ij_^tx[be_cguc g_h[tylguc h[ty\e_gb_ jZat_a^ \t_oZlv ij_^ty\blv batyg \_l\b ]\ha^bd yg\Zjkdbc
H[b^gh_ aZf_qZgb_h[b^gh_ keh\hh[b^gh_ ijha\bs_ h[b^ qb\ucj_[_ghdh[b^qb\ucfZevqbdh[b^qb\Zy^_\hqdZ Ijbf_ju e_k ± e_kghc ± e_kbkluc hkbgZ ± hkbgh\uc ± ih^hkbgh\bd
A: I?J? K G?
H;E:Q E?K ;?J?@ JHK J?AV ;J?@ IBKV EH
eyq_]hkem`blkl\he^_j_\Z" AZq_fgm`gukmqvyb \_l\b" gZ^lmfZgghca_fe_c[e_^gufk\_lhf\ e_kma_e_ghfih kljhcgufde_gZf\eZ`gufl_iehf ijbghkbl <eZ`gufl_iehf ±ijbeZ] L_iehfdZdbf" \eZ`guf <eZ`gucdZq_kl\\ kjj_^qLi <eZ`guf Ijbghkbl
Gh\hlgZklmiZ_l\_q_jAZjyaZiueZeZih`Zjhfb h[o\ZlbeZ iheg_[ZKhegp_kZ^blkymfu h a_e_gb ^mfu h [m^ms_f l@±kh]e]emol\ [md\a\mdh\
MiZebi_j\u_dZieb^h`^yb gZqZeZkv]jhaZ =jhaZgZqZeZkvdh]^ZmiZebi_j\u_dZieb^h`^y Ijh]j_f_e]jhfgh^h`^vg_ihr_e Hgkijhkbef_gy]^_gZoh^blkyfZ]Zabg
Khegp_ klhyeh gbadh gZ [e_^ghykghf g_[_ Hl ^_j_\v_\hl dmklh\hl \ukhdbo klh]h\ k_gZ ih[_`Zeb ^ebg gu_l_gb Khegp_ m`_ ^h\hevgh \ukhdh klhyeh gZ qbklhf g_[_ gh ihey m`_ [e_kl_eb jhkhc >Z@ >h@ >b@ KujZya_feymijm]Zih^gh]Zfb\ukhdb_kmob_[uebgdbg_r_ >w@ \_eylky^ebggu_gblb[e_klylgZih`_el_\r_cljZ\_ BKLmj]_g_\ Hl \ukhdbo±ijbeZ]Hlklh]h\dZdbo" \ukhdbo h[juc^_gvH q_fluohq_rvihqblZlv" ±M \Zk_klvdgb]b=h]hey" ±: dZdb_ijhba\_^_gbyl_[ybgl_j_kmxl" ±GZijbf_j©h`^bd ijhrze ihkZ^h\hc ^hjh`d_ DZiebgZ\_ldZo\bkyldZdk_jz`db Ljhg_rv[_jzadm hgZ\klj_i_gzlky B aZkf_zlky>hkezaaZkf_zlky >h`^vijhrmjrZeihrbjhdhfmem]m >Z`_p\_lum^b\bebkv ^jm]^jm]m < qZr_qdZoebklv_\gZdZ`^hcljZ\bgd_ Ihh]hg_qdmihk_j_[jbgd_ : Yrbg keza >k@±kh]e]emol\ >e @±kh]ea\fy]d >h¶@±]em^ >k@±kh]e]emol\ [md\ua\mdZ
Gbabgu h[ex[h\Zgu _evgbdhf Lzfghc kmf_j_qghc qZs_c \klZe hg [m^lh aZ^mfZeky Z@±]e[_am^ >k@±kh]e]emol\ >l @±kh]e]emofy]d >h¶@±]em^ >l@±kh]e]emol\ [md\a\mdh\
=hjyqbc dhn_ ± oheh^guc dhn_ =hjyqbc q_eh\_d ± kihdhc guc q_eh\_d Fy]dbc ]jmgl ± l\_j^uc ]jmgl Fy]dbc debfZl ± km jh\uc debfZl Fy]dbc fZljZp ± `_kldbc fZljZp E_]dbc dZf_gv ± ly`_euc dZf_gv E_]dbc mjhd ± ljm^guc mjhd E_]dbc fhjha ± kbevguc fhjha K\_`bc oe_[ ± q_jkl\uc oe_[ K\_`bc `mjgZe ± klZjuc`mjgZeK\_`bc\hjhlgbqhd±]jyaguc\hjhlgbqhd Hg ex[bl iblv g_ ]hjyqbc Z oheh^guc dhn_ < Djufm fy]dbc debfZlZ \AZiheyjv_±kmjh\uc Hl\_lbe±hlha\Zekyhldebdgmekyhlj_Z]bjh\Ze kde AZiZkgu_ fhlhj_ lhjfhaZ ihemqZ_lky \uoh^bl kwdhghfbe , ,, fh`_f ihfgbrv k^_eZlv hlfZogmeky \hajZ`_gbc aZf_qZl_ev gZy AZiZkgu_ ihfgx±]eZ],, kij\ f e_^qgZkl\j imlz¶f >i@±kh]e]el\ >m@±]e[_am^ >l @±kh]e]emofy]d >h@±]em^ >f@±kh]ea\l\ [md\a\mdh\ E_lh [ueh kmoh_^h`^b ihqlb g_\uiZ^Zeb@ZjZklhyeZg_ kl_jibfZy< lZdmxih]h^mj_[ylZg_\ue_aZebbaj_dbGhhli_deZ b lZfljm^ghkiZklbkv\h^Z[ueZlzieZy
Djm]hf\eZ`guc[e_kdg_yjdbckheg_qguck\_l Djm]euc klhe gZ j_aguo gh`dZo gh`db hljZ`Zxlky \ em`Zo [md_lp\_lh\\ dm\rbg_e_`ZsbcgZ[hdmklZdZgg_`gu_lhgZp\_ lh\p\_lumfulu^h`^_fqZklvl_jjZkui_jbeZkdZf_cdZ[e_klbl hk\_s_ggZykhegp_fm]he^hfZ\uoh^blijyfh\ kZ^l_gbgZihem [e_kdfhdjh]hiheZ DjurZkZjZy\ kZ^m\b^g__lkykd\hav\_ldbdmklh\]mklu_p\_ lmsb_ dmklu \h ^\hj_ \_ldZ kdehgbeZkv gZ^ kdZfv_c \b^_g djZc k\_le_xs_]hg_[Z mklgh
Mljhfy ijhkuiZxkvhllboh]hklmdZ±wlh\_l_jdZqZ_l\_ldm [_j_au b hgZ aZ]ey^u\Z_l dh fg_ \ hdgh [m^lh ijhkblky \ ]hklb Kd\hav__ \_l\by \b`m^\hjk dZq_eyfbb i_khqgbp_clZf_s_gb dh]hg_lY \]ey^u\Zxkv\^Zevb \b`mgZ]hjbahgl_l_fgmxihehkdm iZjdZ±hllm^Ze_gb\h\u]ey^u\Z_lmlj_gg__khegp_ >g_f khegp_ ih^gbf_lky \ur_b wlb ^_j_\vy [m^ml jZaebqbfu ykg__: \kmf_jdbhgb\hh[s_khevxlkyk l_fg_xsbfg_[hf Fbgkdh_rhkk_ >hjh]Z\_ljmk\_`_fmhldjulZ B i_j_^gZfb\ mlj_gg_cjhk_ Khe^Zlkdb_nb]mjuba]jZgblZ± DZdfgh]hboihFbgkdhfmrhkk_ _I Khe^Zlkdb_nb]mjugZhimrd_ GZ^j_qdhc\hae_[_eh]hfhkldZ _J M dZ`^hcfZehfZevkdhc^_j_\mrdb _ GZiehsZ^bex[h]h]hjh^dZ , GZk`^ml^_eZFuijh_a`Z_ffbfh B \hlhgbl_jyxlkyba]eZa Gh\ gZk`b\uo`b\mlhgbg_ajbfh DZd\ gbo]jZgblguo_klvqZklbpZgZk
Dm@±]eZkg[_am^ >Z@±]eZkgm^ >r@±kh]e]emol\ [a\ Nhlh]jZni_qZlZekgbfdbkhklZjh]hg_]Zlb\ZOm^h`gbdaZdj_ ibe jbkmghd gZ fhev[_jl_ Klheyj gZlhqbe ihemdjm]eu_ klZf_kdb WlhZddhj^ud wlhci_kg_\ eyfbghj_ [_am^Zjgu_]eZkgu_\ dhjg_ijh\_jy_fu_m^Zj_gb_fbah [j_l_gb_ bah[j_e m^b\bl_evguo ^b\guc ihsZ^beb ihsZ^Z dZaZ\rboky dZ`_lky hkgh\gu_ hkgh\Z ijhly`_gbb lyg_lky gZihfbgZeihfgblv khojZgbebkvkhojZgghklv g_ijh\_jy_fu_ [_am^Zjgu_ ]eZkgu_ \ dhjg_ jhlZpbhggu_ i_qZlgZy BM: ihke_rbiysbodgb]hi_qZlZgbyihsZ^bebfZrbgu hl`bfdb`bagb h[hagZq_gb_fy]dhklbV b _]hhlkmlkl\b_ m^b\bl_evguodh g_qghbklhqgbd hdhgqZgbykmsgZijhly`_gbb`bagbgZ[mfZ]_fukeb
LjZdlhjbkl \@±kh]ea\l\ >Z@±]eZkg[_am^ >c@±kh]ea\fy]d >m@±]eZkgm^ [a\
,_\hqdZ ihgyeZ keh\Z fZl_jb \ ijyfhf Z g_ \ i_j_ghkghf kfuke_
Ijh^Z`ZehrZ^bkde \ ihe_kde \ iZfylvg_b^_l ,LZgxr_±kms<j_aZeZkv\ iZfylvdhfm" LZgxr_ ,,LZgxrZkh[kl\h^mr`j_ kde_^q>i ,,,<j_aZeZkv\ iZfylvdhfm" LZgxr_
K_klv\ dZehrm\klZ\eylviZedb\ dhe_kZ\h^blvaZghk Hl\_qZym ^hkdbFbrZk_e\ dZehrm©Luihklhygghfg_\klZ\ ey_rv iZedb \ dhe_kZDZ`^uc jZadh]^Z y aZ^mfu\Zxkv gZ^ aZ^Z q_cluf_gyhl\e_dZ_rvª±\hafmsZeZkvk_kljZIZiZg_iha\hebe \h^blv_]haZghkb jZah[eZqbeh[fZg Af_c =hjuguq mg_k pZj_\gm aZ ljb^_\ylv a_f_ev Hey ihdjZkg_eZ ^h dhjg_c \hehk LZgy qm\kl\m_l k_[y gZ dZld_ dZd ju[Z\ \h^_Mq_gbdijhqblZedgb]mhldhjdb^hdhjdb Dh]^Zlhh \_kg_a\_jyfb < gZ^kfhljsbdbF_^\_^v[ue\u[jZggZ^mevyfb Ohlvfh`gh[ \u[jZlvlml^jm]h]hih\_jg_c±« :g\ur_e]j_o FhcFbrdZihlZkdZe\_kvf_^\ k\hx[_jeh]m MagZebih^gyeblj_\h]m Ihnhjf_gZjy^bebkm^ HlklZ\dm Fbrd_^Zeb B ijbdZaZeb Qlh[abfmijhe_`Ze\ [_jeh]_klZjucieml« : Fbr_gvdZb mohfg_\_^_l BDjueh\
DjZkgZykljhdZ Ibkvf_gghklv\ dgb]_g_ hl^_eyebkvhl^_eblvl_dklZ hlklmi kljZgbpugZf_kl_djZkghci_j\mxjbkh\Ze\ r_klgZ^pZlhf\_d_ ijh^he`Zeb\u^_e_gbyfukebkljhdm
Hl ]hjrdZ ^\Z \_jrdZ Z iulZ_lky f_gy mfmjZamfm mqblv Wlhg_aZy\e_gb_Z dZdZylhnbevdbgZ]jZfhlZ< dhgp_ghy[jyih e_l_eb[_eu_fmob Ijhdjmklh\h eh`_ ± ba ^j_\g_]j_q_kdhc fbnheh]bb Ijh djmkl mdeZ^u\Ze dZ`^h]h gZ k\h_ eh`_ b ©\ujZ\gb\Zeª m l_o dlh hdZau\Zeky\ur_IjhdjmklZhljm[Zegh]b
FZggZg_[_kgZy±ba[b[e_ckdhcfbnheh]bb_j_\ygguo >bdlZgl
Wdhghfbq_kdh]h±aZbfkl\h\Zggh_keh\h H Kfhe_gkd_ \ e_lhibkb hlghkblky dhgljhebjh\Z\rbc \_j oh\vyoh [hevrhf b fgh]hex^ghf ]hjh^_lhj]h\u_g_ fh]eb fb gh\Zlv a^_kv kljhbl_evgufb i_kdhf jZkp\_lZ \ha\h^blv dZf_g gu_kha^Z\ZebkvdbjibqZgb\ q_fg_mklmiZeb >bdlZgl
IjbagZdb gZmqgh]h klbey lhqghklv ^hklh\_jghklv hlkml kl\b_ keh\ \ujZ`Zxsbo kbevgu_ wfhpbb l_jfbgu agZq_gb_ keh \Zbkdhgghjmkkdh_b li Hk_gvH[kuiZ_lky\_kvgZr[_^guckZ^ Ebklvyih`_el_eu_ih\_ljme_lyl Ebrv\^ZebdjZkmxlkylZfgZ^g_^hebg DbklbyjdhdjZkgu_\ygmsbojy[bg :DLheklhc Ebrv >e@±kh]ea\fy]d >b@±]eZkgm^ >r@±kh]e]emol\ [a\
F_[_evf_[_evgucf_[_evsbd ih^f_lmf_klb
f_[_evf_[_eb f_klbf_l_l ihehl_jihehl_jhf iZjd_liZjd_lguc iZjd_lguciZjd_lgh]h rdZnrdZnqbd rdZnqbdrdZnqbdZ gZlbjZ_lgZlbjdZ gZlbjZ_lgZlbjZe hdghih^hdhggbd hdghhdgZ m[hjdZm[bjZ_lm[hjsbpZ m[bjZ_lm[bjZeZ Ihehl_j gZlbjZ_l iZjd_ls_ldhcrebnm_l ]eZ^dmxih\_joghklv Ihe ih^ihe iheh\bd ihehl_j
kl_deh kl_deurdh aZkl_deblv kl_dehlZjZ
kl_gZ kl_gghc gZkl_gguc
\h^Z aZ\h^v gZ\h^g_gb_ \h^hihc \h^hijh\h^
djZkblvdjZkdZdjZr_gb_djZkbl_evmdjZkblv ghrZ ghkblvg_klbijbghkblv jZklb\ujZsb\ZlvjhkeucjZklbl_ev gucjZajZklZlvky djm]djm`blvaZdjm`blvky ]ehldZ]ehlZlv ih]ehsZlvijh]eZlu\Zlvijh]ehlblv a_fghca_feya_feygbdZ ba[_]ZlvgZ[_`Zlvba[_`Zlv aZ[_j_l\u[bjZlv\u[jZlvijb [bjZlv h[oh^blvh[oh`^_gb_oh`^_gb_ g@±kh]ea\fy]d >b@±]eZkg[_am^ >c@±kh]ea\fy]d >h@±]eZkgm^ [a\ ,Mjhgbl±]eZ]=_jZkbfqlhk^_eZ_l" mjhgbl ,,Mjhgblvkh\\,,kij\ [m^\j\ agZq_gbbijhr \ _^q \ f e ,,,=_jZkbfqlhk^_eZ_l" mjhgbl ;h]Zlujkdmxklhebd Hk_gg__mljh We_f_glu hibkZgby dhfgZlu [j_\_gqZluc ihlhehd b dgb]b gZ klhe_hk\_s_ggu_jh\guf`_elufk\_lhf Hk\_sZe g_ih^\b`guck[jhkbe K_jufmljhfjh\guf`_elufk\_lhfr_e[j_\_gqZlucihoh` kheg_qguc k\_lbeb k\_l ebklvy ghqv e_`ZeZ e_qv kbygb_ dZaZebkvdZ`_lky kljZgbpu GZb[hevr___]h\gbfZgb_ijb\e_debdZjlbgdbk bah[jZ`_ gb_f[b[e_ckdhcbklhjbb[em^gh]hkugZ ©>Ze__ijhfhlZ\rbckyxghrZ\ jm[bs_ b lj_m]hevghcreyi_ iZk_l k\bg_cb jZa^_ey_l k gbfbljZi_amª :KImrdbg
JZ^hklguc±jZ^hklvdjZkgh\Zluc±djZkgucij_hlebqguc ± hlebqguc _evgbd ± _ev Zlhfhoh^ ± Zlhf oh^blv \hkoh^ ± \hkoh^blvih^\h^guc±\h^guce_glhqdZ±e_glZkdhjhkrb\Zl_ev ±kdhjhkrb\Zlv[mehqgZykms ±[mehqgZyijbe eZ\dZi_j_ju\ ±ij_ju\Zlv ;_j_ah\uc [_j_agyd ± [_j_aZ kfhjh^bgguc kfhjh^bgdZ ± kfhjh^bgZ \_lj_guc \_l_jhd ± \_l_j e_kgbd e_kghc ± e_k em ]h\hcem`hd±em]ljZ\yghcljZ\bgdZ±ljZ\Z
jZkij_djZkguc jZa\_k_euc gZbemqrbc gZb\ukrbc gZbf_gvrbcij_^h[jucij_fbeucij_hlebqgucij_g_ijbylguc keZ[h\Zluc]jm[h\Zluck_jh\Zlucojbieh\Zluc HibedbgZdhg_qgbdme_lmqblvkyhr_cgbdh]jZgbqblv kyijhke_ablvky[_ajmdZ\dZ \uoh^[_kkmn \ujZklb]Zahijh\h^ijZq_qgZyahehlhcih ehkdZlv ljm`_gbd aZieu\ [_kkmn ]\ha^bqguc kZfh\Zj dhg^b l_jkdbcieZsiZeZldZ\oh^[_kkmn
EbklhiZ^±ebklvyiZ^Zlvkeh`_gb_k kh_^]e iZjhoh^bd ± iZjhoh^ kmn e_khkl_iv ± e_k b kl_iv keh`_gb_ k kh_^ ]e ghkh]ehldZ±ghkb ]ehldZkeh`_gb_k kh_^]e \h^hijh\h^±\h^Z ijh\h^blv keh`_gb_ k kh_^ ]e e_khiZjdh\uc ± e_kghc b iZjdh \uckeh`_gb_k kh_^]e `_e_ah[_lhg±`_e_ahb [_lhgkeh`_gb_ k kh_^ ]e jZd_lhghkbl_ev ± jZd_lZ ghkbl_ev keh`_gb_ k kh_^ ]e kZfh\Zjguc ± kZfh\Zj kmn l_ieh\haguc ± l_ieh\ha kmn jZd_lZghkbl_evkeh`_gb_p_euokeh\ aZieu\[_kkmn jZkiheh`blv±iheh`blv\ul_j_lv±l_j_lv\ujZklblv± jZklblv jhklhq_d±jhklhdj_aqbd±j_aZlvij_ih^Z\Zl_ev±ij_ih^Z\Zlv gZ_a^gbd±_a^ZmaZdhgblv±aZdhgh`b\blv±`b\hc[_kqm\ kl\_gguc±qm\kl\h[_a\_lj_gguc±\_lj_guc DjZc
Ebkl±
[mfZ]Z±
djZ_r_d djZcgbc±hdjZbgZ djZcgbc±djZcghklv ebklbd ebklhq_d ebklh\hc [_aebklguc ebklhiZ^ [mfZ`dZ [mfZ`hgdZ [mfZ`guc±[mfZ`gbd
aZ\yau\Zlv^\hjgy`dZiZkughdgZklhevguchibedb^_ \ylgZ^pZlvih^[_j_ah\bd dhevph]hjgbpZeh\blvdhjh\Z
Kf©Wlbfheh]bq_kdbckeh\Zjvª
LZdb_ keh\Z \ wlhf klbohl\hj_gbb _klv gZijbf_j dheh dhevqbd h^gha\mqguc mlhfbl_evgh ]j_fbl keurblky jh^gh_ jZa]mev_k_j^_qgZy
L_fZ©Fhyd\ZjlbjZª Dhjb^hj]Zj^_jh[\ m]em[hevrh_a_jdZehpbgh\dZ\_rZedZ DhfgZlZgZl_jluc^h[e_kdZiZjd_lgucihepbn_j[eZlkl_g guoqZkh\j_agZyihehqdZ^eydgb]dZe_g^ZjvdZjlbgZ\ ahehq_ghc jZf_ ihehku kheg_qgh]h k\_lZ gZ ihlhed_ lj_okl\hjqZlh_ hdgh lxe_\u_aZgZ\_kdbgZf_lZeebq_kdhfdZjgba_jhklhqdbpbljmkh\uo \ ]hjrdZo gZ ih^hdhggbd_ `mjgZevguc klhebd gZ lj_o gh`dZo [hevrhch[_^_ggucklhedjZkb\u_fy]db_klmevy < klZjbgghck_\_jghcba[_ mee_]dbcl_ieuc\_l_jhdhk\_`Zefg_ebphbdlZgl
Bfykms_kl\bl_evgh_dZdqZklvj_qb Kdehg_gb_b jh^bf_gkms_kl\bl_evguo Keh\hh[jZah\Zgb_bf_gkms_kl\bl_evguo G?k kms_kl\bl_evgufb IjZ\hibkZgb_kmnnbdkh\bf_gkms_kl\bl_evguo H? \ hdhgqZgbyo b kmnnbdkZo kms_kl\bl_evguo ihke_ rb iysbo ;_ah[eZqghklvg_ih]h^ZjZahqZjh\Zgb_ Hj_rgbde_kgbdaZcqbddgb`hgdZ Ih^hkbgh\bdih^[hjh^hdih^\h^gbd IZjh\ha\mae_khibedZe_^hoh^mgb\_jfZ] Dhg^bl_jkdZyfhjh`_gh_klheh\Zy
Wlbkeh\Zfkv_^_g^b aZbfkl\h\Zgujmkkdbfyaudhf ,Fkv_±kmsDh]h" fkv_ ,,GZjbpg_h^mrg_kdeg_baf ,,,Ijh]gZebdh]h" fkv_ ,>_g^b±kmsDlh" ^_g^b ,,GZjbph^mrg_kdeg_baf ,,,Dlh" ^_g^b Fyl_`ghcijbreZihjZ]jmklbgZk\h[h^_ihfh^_fh]batyk gylvkye_]dhlZgp_\ZedeZgyekyj_rbe kljhqdZ]jmaqbdi_j_\haqbdk\ZjsbdaZcqbdaZfhq_d kljhqdZ gZ iehsZ^d_ gZ iehsZ^b h agZf_gb \ kZgZlhjbb h jZa\blbb kljhqdZFhkd\ZB\ZgB\Zgh\bq©DjZkgucHdly[jvª kljhqdZk_\_jhaZiZ^e_khibedZe_kijhfoha
=eZkgu_?B \hdhgqZgbyokeh\ GZ±by _ kde _ kde _ kde Jm ^hjh]b g_lj_dbm \brgb
M furbhl HlZdpbb kbj_gbm gZe_dpbb iehsZ^b [_anZfb ebb >d ^hjh]_ D ghqbd D Zdpbbd ihj_d_d kbj_gbih k_dpbbih \brg_ iehsZ^b nZfbebb Ih ^hjh]_ < k_e_gZ H ghqb\ H[Zdpbb\ \ j_d_gZ ihe_gZdh kbj_gbgZ k_dpbbijb \brg_ g_ iehsZ^b nZfbebb Ih^m^Zj_gb_f Fm`bqhd kmg^mqhd aZcqhghd furhghd
[_am^Zj_gby f_rhq_d ghkhq_d ^hq_gvdZ h\jZ`_d
GZ±b_gZ± bc < kZgZlh jbbh jZa \blbbijb ]hj_gbb
Ihrbjhdhclhihe_\hcZee__kjj> b^_fd fhgmf_glm± \_ebq_kl\_gghc nb]mj_ ` j > \hbgZ A^_kv iZfylgbdfma_c ]_ jhyfF¶@±kh]e]emofy]d >b@±]eZkg[_am^ >k@±kh]e]emol\ >l@±kh]e]emol\ >j@±kh]ea\l\ >Z@±]eZkgm^ [a\
,>_r_\mx±ijbeZ]B]jmrdmdZdmx" ^_r_\mxGn±^_r_\uc ,,Ihkl±dZq_kl\g_ihkl±iheg\ bdlZgl K_dj_luohoehfkdhcjhkibkb >_j_\yggu_ hlghkbl eh`db ohoehfkdZy hlghkbl jhkibkv ieZf_ggZyhlghkbl ohoehfZklZjbggh_dZq_kl\ k_eh^jZ]hp_g gh]h hlghkbl f_lZeeZ Zexfbgb_\uf hlghkbl ihjhrdhf \ ]h jyqmxdZq_kl\ i_qvk_j_[jyguchlghkbl p\_l FZkl_jyl ijh^Z\Zeb ]hjyl k\_jdZxl \ulhqZl gZlbjZxl ki_ dZxlkyklZgh\ylky\u]ey^blaZij_^_eZfb >Ze_dh aZ ij_^_eZfb gZr_c Jh^bgu ba\_klgZ ieZf_ggZy ohoeh fZIh\_kl\g_\hkdeijhklh_jZkijhklj
J_av[Zih^_j_\m±klZjbggucgZjh^gucijhfuk_eBa^_j_ \Zba]hlh\eyxlihkm^mfbkdbdh\rbq_jiZdbb eh`db>eyj_av[u bkihevamxlky jZaghh[jZagu_ bgkljmf_glu gh`b ijyfu_ b ihem djm]eu_klZf_kdbKZfh_fy]dh_b m^h[gh_^eyj_av[u^_j_\h±eb iZ EbiZ g_ jZkkeZb\Z_lky gZ hl^_evgu_ \hehdgZ g_ djhrblky Ba ebih\uo ^hkhd fh`gh kha^Z\Zlv j_ev_ngu_ iZggh ba fZe_gvdbo qmj[Zqdh\±eh`db mklgh _kylv ij B i ^g_c ± ^g_c ^_kylv B i ± hdheh ^_kylb J i ^g_c Klh^\Z^pZlvkhklBi rZ]h\±rZ]h\klh^\Z^pZlvBi IylvlukyqkhklBi ±lukyqiylvBi ±hdhehiylblukyq Ji R_klvkhlijBi lhgg±lhggr_klvkhlBi ±hdhehr_klb khlJi lhgg >\ZijBi ]h^Z±]h^Z^\ZBi ±hdheh^\moJi e_l RZ]h\±rZ]h\ >r@±kh]e]emol\ >Z@±]eZkg[_am^
>]@±kh]ea\l\ >h@±]eZkgm^ >n@±kh]e]emol\ [a\ ,Hdheh ^\mo±qbkeblKdhevdh" hdheh^\moGn±^\Z ,,Ihkl±ijhkldhebqp_eh_g_ihkl±\ Ji ,,,Kdhevdh" hdheh^\mo
GZk_e_gb_A_febjZkl_l < k_j_^bg_k_fgZ^pZlh]h \_dZgZk_e_gb_a_fgh]hrZjZkhklZ\ey eh \k_]h ebrv iylvkhl khjhd iylv fbeebhgh\ q_eh\_d Jh\gh q_j_a klhe_l hghm\_ebqbehkv^hk_fbkhl^\Z^pZlbiylbfbeebhgh\?s_ q_j_aklhe_lb_gZk_e_gb_A_febi_j_\Zebehq_j_afbeebZj^ b klZeh jZ\gylvky h^ghfm fbeebZj^m klZ k_fb^_kylb h^ghfm fbeebhgm q_ eh\_d < k_j_^bg_^\Z^pZlh]h \_dZhgh^hklb]eh^\mofbeebZj^h\iylb khlk_fgZ^pZlbfbeebhgh\ Ihijh]ghaZfmq_guod ^\_lukyqbiylhfm]h^mgZk_e_gb_A_f eb^hklb]g_lk_fbfbeebZj^h\q_eh\_d L_dklgZibkZg\ gZmqghfklbe_ ,Q_eh\_d±kmsFbeebhgmdh]h" q_eh\_dGn±q_eh\_d ,,Ihkl±gZjbph^mrfj_ kdeg_ihkl±\ Ji_^q ,,,KlZehjZ\gylvkyq_fm" fbeebZj^mfbeebhgmq_eh\_d d ihemlhjZklZf_ljZfihemlhjZklZdbeh]jZffZf d ihemlhjZdbeh]jZffZfihemlhjZfbgmlZf h iyl_juolh\ZjbsZoI g_lq_l\_ juo\_ehkbi_^bklh\J d q_l\_juf\_ehkbi_^bklZf> ^\hbffh lhpbdebklZfL h ^\hbofhlhpbdebklZoI ljhbfbebkylZfbL h lhboebkylZoI g_lk_f_juodhaeylJ d k_f_jufdhaeylZf>
Ijbr_e \hed d k_f_juf dhaeylZf b gZqZe i_lv ih^ hdghf lh g_gvdbf]hehkdhf GZklZjl\urehq_l\_jh\_ehkbi_^bklh\
Ljh_^jma_ckh[bjZebkv\ dbghghboieZguj_adhbaf_gb ebkv >\h_ mq_gbdh\ gZqZeb kihjblv b ^_eh qmlv [ueh g_ dhgqbehkv ^jZdhc AZk_]h^gyrgbc^_gvijh^Zghq_l\_jh[jxd Kms_kl\bl_evgu_ `_gkdh]h jh^Z g_ khq_lZxlky k kh[bjZl_ev gufbqbkebl_evgufb
Ih^hjh]_\ ebp_cy \klj_lbe^\hbofm`qbgb ^\mo`_g sbg ;mjy [mr_\ZeZ m`_ q_l\_jh kmlhd Y ^jm`m k ljhbfb fZevqbdZfbb lj_fy^_\hqdZfbHohlgbdbae_kmijbg_kq_l\_juo \heqZl >_j`Zlv h[_bfb jmdZfb ijbdj_iblv d h[hbf [hlbgdZf ^_j`ZlvkyaZh[ZdhgpZijbeh`blvd h[hbfmrZf >_j`bkv aZ h[Z dhgpZ \_j_\db Ijbeh`b gZmrgbdb d h[hbf mrZflh]^Z[m^_lkl_j_hwnn_dl
H[_rdhevgbpuh[_kbjhlub h[Zkbjhluh[Zr_klbdeZkk gbdZ h[Z a^Zgby ^\_ rdhevgbpu ^\h_ rdhevgbdh\ ^\h_ kbjhl b ^\_kbjhlu^\h_r_klbdeZkkgbdh\^\h_kmlhd^\Za^Zgbyljbdhk lxfZljh_rdhevgbdh\ljbr_klbdeZkkgbpuljh_kZg_c
Ijb[u\Zlvd klZgpbbij_[u\ZlvgZ\hdaZe_ijbkh_^bgblv kyd ijh\h`Zxsbf gZ h^bggZ^pZlhc k_dmg^_gZ \hkvfhc ieZlnhj f_ jZkiheh`blvky gZ i_jjhg_ h iZkkZ`bjkdhf ih_a^_ lh\Zjguc khklZ\gZk_^vfhfimlbijbdhkgmlvkyd nmjZ`d_kb]gZe^_`mjgh ]h\hclb\ \Z]hg\ha\jZlblvky\ dhgp_f_kypZ H ieZ\Zl_evghf [Zkk_cg_ ieZ\Zl_evguf [Zkk_cghf ljb ^pZlmxk_dmg^mljb^pZlhck_dmg^hc h ^\Z^pZlv iylhf dbehf_lj_ ^\Z^pZlviylufdbehf_ljhf]Zj_\mx^hjh`dmh ]Zj_\hc^hjh`d_
LjbklZr_klb^_kylh]hkZglbf_ljZh lukyqZ\hk_fvkhlljb ^pZlhfdbeh]jZff_m k_fv^_kyl\hkvfh]hfbeebf_ljZh ^\mokhlhf eblj_ [_a k_fvkhl \hk_fv^_kyl lj_lv_]h ]jZffZ lj_ofbeebhggh]h dbehf_ljZh q_luj_klZkhjhdq_l\_jlhfp_glg_j_^_\ylgZ^pZlvlu
kyq k_fvkhl k_fv^_kyl k_^vfh]h im^Z \hkvfblukyqgh]h ]_dlZjZ ^\mokhlh]hj_dhj^Zh ^\mofbeebZj^ghfdbehf_lj_
< lukyqZ ^\_klb khjhdh\hf ]h^m k lukyqZ ^\_klb khjhd lj_lv_]hihlukyqZq_luj_klZ\hkvfb^_kyluc]h^\hkvfh]hk_gly[ jylukyqZljbklZ\hkvfb^_kylh]h]h^Z\ lukyqZr_klvkhl^\_gZ^pZ lhf ]h^m ^\_gZ^pZlh]h bxey lukyqZ \hk_fvkhl ^\_gZ^pZlh]h ]h^Z q_lujgZ^pZlh]h ^_dZ[jy lukyqZ \hk_fvkhl ^\_gZ^pZlh]h ]h^Z ^\Z ^pZlh\lhjh]hbxgylukyqZ^_\ylvkhlkhjhd i_j\h]h ]h^Z^_\ylh]h fZylukyqZ^_\ylvkhlkhjhdiylh]h]h^Z
Fuiha^jZ\eyebfZfb [Z[mr_dk ijZa^gbdhf_\ylh_ fZy fujZahkeZeb\_l_jZgZfijb]eZr_gbygZgZrdhgp_jl F_`^m\lhjufb ^_kylufyg\Zjym gZk[uebabfgb_dZgbdmeuK ^\Z^pZlvq_l\_jlh]hfZjlZihi_j\h_Zi_jeyfuhiylvhl^uoZ_f mklgh
< iylgbpm fZjlZ\ nbadmevlmjghf aZe_ khklhblky k[hj mqZklgbdh\ lmjbklbq_kdh]h ke_lZ GZqZeh \ qZkh\ Ijhkv[Z g_ hiZa^u\Zlv Lmjdem[
Kh\j_f_ggu_Hebfibckdb_b]juijh\h^ylkyk dhgpZ^_ \ylgZ^pZlh]h \_dZ < ^\Z^pZlv q_l\_jluo e_lgbo Hebfibckdbo b]jZo\ K_me_lukyqZ^_\ylvkhl\hk_fv^_kyl\hkvfhc]h^ mqZkl\h \Zeh hdheh ^_kylb lukyq kihjlkf_gh\ >_\ylgZ^pZlu_ abfgb_ Hebfibckdb_ b]ju khklhylky \ ^\_ lukyqb \lhjhf ]h^m \ ]hjh^_ KhelE_cd Kblb Keh\h ©hebfibZ^Zª \ agZq_gbb ©khj_\gh\Zgb_ redhevgbdh\ihlhfmbebbghfmij_^f_lmªihy\behkv\ lukyqZ^_ \ylvkhlljb^pZlvq_l\_jlhf]h^mFbeebhgu kihjlkf_gh\ mqZkl \mxl\ khj_\gh\Zgbyo Iju]Zlv q_j_a dhaeZ \uklmiZlv k e_glhc hl`Zlvky gZ [jmkvyo \jZsZlvky gZ i_j_deZ^bg_ ]bfgZkldZ ]bfgZkl hebfibc kdZyk[hjgZyhiulguclj_g_jjhkkbckdbo]bfgZklh\ MihjgZy]bfgZkldZ\ lj_lbcjZa mqZkl\m_l\ q_fibhgZl_fbjZ b [hj_lky aZ i_j\h_ f_klh b fu \_jbf \ __ ih[_^m GZ lj_gbjh\d_
h^bgba]bfgZklh\^\Z^pZlvjZahl`ZekygZ[jmkvyoZ ^jm]hciylgZ ^pZlv jZa iju]gme q_j_a dhaeZ b ^he]h \jZsZeky gZ i_j_deZ^bg_ HebfibckdZy k[hjgZy ih kihjlb\ghc ]bfgZklbd_ ^_kyluc jZa mqZ kl\m_l\ HebfibZ^_b gZrbkihjlkf_guh[uqgheb^bjmxlb kh[b jZxl kZfuc [hevrhc ©mjh`Zcª f_^Ze_c Hiulguc lj_g_j jhkkbc kdbo ]bfgZklh\ m\_j_g \ mki_o_ kihjlkf_gh\ gZ ij_^klhys_c hebfibZ^_ ihlhfm qlh mihjgu_ lj_gbjh\db b ihklhyggu_ mijZ` g_gbyg_fh]mlg_ijbg_klbmki_oZ IhjZ^bhi_j_^Zeb©Fhkdh\kdh_\j_fy\hk_fgZ^pZlvqZkh\ ^_kylv fbgmlª FZfZ djbdgmeZ ©IhjZ ^hfhc M`_ ^_kylv fbgml k_^vfh]hª >hihegbl_evgh_ \j_fy nml[hebklZf [ueh ^Zgh \ ^\Z ^pZlvqZkh\iylv^_kylk_fvfbgmlY e_]\ ihkl_evb \a]eygmegZqZ ku[_alj_ofbgml^_\ylvY ijbr_ed rdhe_hdheh^\moMqbl_ev gbpZkljh]hkdZaZeZ©Qlh[u[_aq_l\_jlb^\Z\k_[ueb\ k[hj_ª< ijh]jZff_ l_e_i_j_^Zq [ueh gZibkZgh qlh wlhl nbevf gZqg_lky \ ljbgZ^pZlvqZkh\khjhdiylvfbgml , >\Z^pZlv ± qbkebl >Zgh dh]^Z" \ ^\Z^pZlv qZkh\ G n ± ^\Z^pZlv ,,Ihkl±ijhkldhebqp_eh_g_ihkl±\ Zghdh]^Z" \ ^\Z^pZlv qZkh\ , Hdheh ^\mo ± qbkebl Ijbr_e dh]^Z" hdheh ^\mo G n ± ^\Z ,,Ihkl±ijhkldhebqp_eh_g_ihkl±\ Ji ,,,Ijbr_edh]^Z" hdheh^\mo
Hkgh\gZy fukev l_dklZ :jdlbdZ bf__l fgh]h bgl_j_kguo hkh[_gghkl_c iheyjguc ^_gv b iheyjgZy ghqv hgZ ^Z\gh hk\h_gZ jmkkdbfbfhj_oh^Zfb < FmjfZgkd_ bkoh^ghf imgdl_ K_\_jgh]h fhjkdh]h imlb ih eyjgZyghqv^eblkykhjhdkmlhdiheyjguc^_gv±iylv^_kyl\hk_fv gZ fuk_ Q_exkdbgZ ± kZfhc k_\_jghc lhqd_ fZl_jbdZ ± ijh^he`b l_evghklv iheyjghc ghqb klh k_fv kmlhd iheyjgh]h ^gy ± klh ^\Z ^pZlv ljb gZ K_\_jghf ihexk_ iheyjgZy ghqv b iheyjguc ^_gv ^eylkyijb[ebabl_evghihihe]h^Z >bdlZgl
IeZg Bfyqbkebl_evgh_dZdqZklvj_qbDhebq_kl\_ggu_b ihjy^dh \u_qbkebl_evgu_ Ijhklu_b khklZ\gu_qbkebl_evgu_ Dhebq_kl\_ggu_qbkebl_evgu_ Z p_eu_ [ ^jh[gu_ \ kh[bjZl_evgu_ Ihjy^dh\u_qbkebl_evgu_bokdehg_gb_ Fhjnheh]bq_kdbcjZa[hjbf_gbqbkebl_evgh]h
Klbev±om^h`_kl\_gguck we_f_glZfbgZmqgh]h K_fv^_kyl\hk_fv^_kyljZa\ fbgmlmq_luj_klZr_klv^_kyljZa ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ ljb^pZlv k_fv b iylv khjhd ^\Z ]jZ^mkZ khjhd iylv]jZ^mkh\ mklgh
Y B mkeuoZe k_]h^gy i_j\uc ]jhf hg B \ ihe^_gv ijh]j_f_ebalmqdbfZehcY B ijbr_ed l_[_> k ijb\_lhf jZkkdZaZlvqlhkhegp_ \klZehqlhhghB ]hjyqbf k\_lhf ih ebk lZfaZlj_i_lZehK\_leZdZd^_lkdbc\ahjj_dZb \_l\bb\kdeh gbebkvd g_c> fhcdhjZ[_evguc[hj < gZ]hjghc\urbg_jZkdbgmehg B rZl_j < gZ]hjghc
K a_feb _s_ g_ khr_e kg_] Z \ ^mrm m`_ ijhkblky \_kgZ Ih\_kl\g_\hkdekeh`gh_bao ijhkluo ?keb\u dh]^Zgb[m^v \ua^hjZ\eb\Zebhlly`_ehc[he_agblh\Zf ba\_klgh[eZ`_ggh_kh klhygb_ dh]^Z aZfbjZ_rv hl kfmlguo ij_^qm\kl\bc b meu[Z_rvky [_a\kydhc ijbqbguIh\b^bfhfmlZdh_ `_ khklhygb_ i_j_`b\Z_l l_i_jvb ijbjh^Z :Q_oh\ ,Hl ij_^qm\kl\bc±kmsAZfbjZ_rv hl q_]h" hl ij_^qm\kl \bcGn±ij_^qm\kl\b_ ,,Ihkl±gZjbpg_h^mrkjjgZ±b_g_ihkl±\ Jifgq ,,,AZfbjZ_rvhlq_]h" hlij_^qm\kl\bc
JZggyy\_kgZ Khegp_k\_lblyjdhb emqb_]hJ b]jZyb meu[ZykvdmiZxlky \ em`Zo \f_kl_ k \hjh[vyfb J_qdZ gZ^m\Z_lky b l_fg__l hgZ m`_ ijhkgmeZkv b g_ k_]h^gyaZ\ljZ aZj_\_l >_j_\vy ]heu gh m`_ `b \ml^urZl < lZdh_ _gvdZdh\" kdmq_gGn±kdmqguc ,,Ihkl±dZq_kl\g_ihkl±\ djZldnhjf_\ _^qfj ,,,>_gvdZdh\" kdmq_g
G_ jZahqZjh\Zeky gb \ q_f I g_ ijbdZkZeky gb d q_fm > g_jZa[bjZ_lkygb\ q_fI g_jZkkijZrb\Z_l gbh q_fI g_jZkkqblu\Z_lgbgZqlh JZahqZjh\Zeky±qZjuqZjh\ZlvhqZjh\ZlvhqZjh\Zlvky Gbdhfmg_h[tylvg_h[tylgh]hDlhijb\ud[jZgblvky lhfm gb k d_f g_ m`blvky Dlh iha^gh ijboh^bl lhl gbq_]h g_ gZoh^blIhkeh\bpu
G_ki_rbo\ZlZlvjmdZfbgbq_]hqlhe_`bl\ lZj_ed_ G_lhedZcgbdh]hdlhkb^blk lh[hcjy^hfih^ehdhlv Gbk d_f]jhfdhg_jZa]h\Zjb\Zcg_klZjZckygbdh]hi_j_djb qZlv
G_\a]h^u kms gbdh]h f_kl gbq_]h f_kl gbdhfm f_kl g_fgh]hkeh\gucijbeZ] gbdlhf_kl G_ k]hj[beZ ]eZ] g_ [hylvky ]eZ] gb hl dh]h f_kl g_ aZ\bk_lv ]eZ] gb \ q_f f_kl g_ hldZau\Ze ]eZ] g_ [ueh ]eZ] g_agZe]eZ] , Fheh^_`b ± kms Ihfh]Ze dhfm" fheh^_`b G n ± fheh ^_`v ,,Ihkl±gZjbph^mr`j_ kdelhevdh_^qg_ihkl±\ Ji ,,,Ihfh]Zedhfm" fheh^_`b ,<j_f_gb±kmsGbfbgmluq_]h" \j_f_gbGn±\j_fy ,,Ihkl±gZjbpg_h^mrkjjgZ±fyg_ihkl±\ Ji_^q ,,,Gbfbgmluq_]h" \j_f_gb K\h[h^gh]h _ b_ ij_^eh`_gby±k h^ghjh^gufbkdZam_fufb KljZgguc lbobc gb gZ qlh g_ ihoh`bc ij_ju\bkluc a\md keurZeky ]^_lh kh\k_f g_^Ze_dh Ohly I_ly b kb^_e gZ r_edh\bp_ghhggbdh]hb gbq_]hg_m\b^_eG_q_]hb ]h\hjblv dZd I_ly h[jZ^h\Zeky ij_^eh`_gbx ihdZlZlvky gZ ju[Zqv_c eh^d_ DZaZehkvqlhgb gZdh]hg_fh]gZ^_ylvkylhgmsbc \ fhj_q_eh \_d Gbq_f g_ hlebqZeky Jh^bhg @mdh\ hl fZljhkh\ fyl_`gh]h dhjZ[ey Ih ihjln_ex \ fhc eyj_[yldZdbo" fhkdh\kdbo Ih]jZgbqgbdb
Ih^Zjhdhl^mrb L\h_c ijbly`> fZf_ijbylghihemqblvhll_[y ebqgJ g_ dmie_ggu_gZ__ ijbly`i_^q ,,,JZ^hklbq_fm" Hlqbag_ H[eZdZ [_]ml gZ^ fhj_f ^\b`mlky h[jZy keZ\Z e_`blZ om^Zy [_`bl g_kh\\ _ e_^q Ih\_kl\g_\hkdekeh`gh_bao ijhkluo IZrb g_e_gb\h_kebohq_rvg_kh\\_ e_^q `blvkqZkleb\h
Kljhblv i ]hjh^ \ha\h^blv i ^hf ih^gbfZlv i djZ ghf`_e_ah[_lhgguc[ehdg_jZaf_rZei jZkl\hj^eydeZ^dbih ^Z\Zlv i dhgl_cg_j k dbjibqhf ihfh]Zlv g jZ[hqbf ijb\Zjb \Zlv i j_r_ldm [ZedhgZ klhylv g gZ e_[_^d_ jmdh\h^blv g kljhbl_eyfb jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv g k ijhjZ[hf \ha^\b]Zlv i we_d ljhklZgpbxg_qm\kl\h\Zlvi mklZehklb Kljhblv±\ha\h^blv\ha^\b]Zlvi_j_o DeZ^_l qlh" dbjibq Z a^jZ\kl\m_l I_j\h_ FZy >Z a^jZ\kl\m_l gZrZ Jh^bgZ Imklv a_e_g__l b ijhp\_lZ_l gZr ij_djZkguc ]hjh^ k¶@±kh]e]emofy]d >l¶@±kh]e]emofy]d [a\
ijb`_qvijb\e_qvbki_qvkljbqvky[_j_qvkyh[`_qvky aZ]hjZ_rv ijbdhkg_rvky ijb_a`Z_rv r_iq_rvky jZkk_j ^brvkyjZkqbsZ_rv h[_ki_qvl_mfgh`vaZfZ`vg_lj_\h`vl_kvkijyqvl_kv ;hj_fky \b^bf ]hgyl hlj_`vl_ g_ _rvl_ g_ ljhgvl_ g_ kb^blky ^urblky g_a^hjh\blky kh\_lh\Zlv hiZa^u\Zlv ihijh[h \Zlv`Zeh\Zlvky ? bB \hdhgqZgbyokeh\ QZklvj_qb ? B Kms_kl\bl_evgh_ D ^hjh]_ _ kde M ^hjh]b _ kde >i h ^hjh]_ _ J i [_a l_gb _ kdeIi \ ihe_ kde gZ klZgpbb gZ _ kdeIi ±by hl \j_f_gb gZ ±fy Qbkebl_evgh_ Q_luj_Bi D iylb[_aiylgZ^pZ lbdZd_ kde =eZ]he K__f , kl_e_rv , Ex[brv ,, \b^bf bkde ,,bkde ;md\uH?? \hdhgqZgbyokeh\ihke_rbiysbo QZklbj_qb H ? ±? Kms_kl\bl_evgh_ Dexqhfk\_qhc Lh\Zjbs_filbp_c IjbeZ]Zl_evgh_ ;hevrh]hqm`hfm Ohjhr_]h]hjyq_fm =eZ]he I_q_ll_q_f Qlhex[blky,, q_f^urblky,, >mrZq_f\ZrZihegblky,, Lh\ ]hehk_mkeurblky,, Lh\ i_k_gd_ijbihfgblky,,g_i_j_o
: fukih_f,i_j_o h jh^bg_ K dhlhjhcklhevdhk\yaZgh K dhlhjhcklhevdhijhc^_gh Ohjhr_]hb jZagh]h Ly`_eh_aZ[m^_lky, Ohjhr__hklZg_lky, Qlhk jh^bghxklZg_lky, Lhb kgZjh^hfk[m^_lky,
BMldbg
Nhg_lbdZa\md E_dkbdZkeh\h NjZa_heh]bynjZa_heh]baf Fhjn_fbdZkeh\hh[jZah\Zgb_ fhjn_fZ Fhjnheh]byqZklvj_qb KbglZdkbkkeh\hkhq_lZgb_ij_^eh`_gb_
JZa^_eugZmdbh yaud_ IeZg ,YaudhagZgb_b _]hjZa^_eu ,,DZdhcjZa^_ebamqZ_la\mdb" ,,,DZdhcjZa^_ebamqZ_lqZklbkeh\Z" ,9DZdb_jZa^_eubamqZxlkeh\h" Fhjnheh]bykeh\hdZdqZklvj_qb_]h]jZffZlbq_kdh_agZq_gb_ E_dkbdZkeh\hb _]he_dkbq_kdh_agZq_gb_ njZa_heh]by 9DZdhcjZa^_ebamqZ_lkeh\hkhq_lZgb_b ij_^eh`_gb_"
=heh^gZy\heqboZ\klZeZqlh[ub^lbgZhohlm?_\heqZlZ \k_ ljh_ dj_idh kiZeb k[b\rbkv \ dmqm b ]j_eb ^jm] ^jm]Z HgZ h[ebaZeZbob ihreZ ;ue m`_\_k_ggbc f_kyp fZjlgh ih ghqZf ^_j_\vy lj_sZeb hl oheh^Z dZd \ ^_dZ[j_ b _^\Z \ukmg_rv yaud dZd _]h gZqbgZeh kbevgh sbiZlv he] i_j_^ d_f" i_j_^ fZl_jvx G n±fZlv ,,Ihkl±gZjbph^mr`j_ kdeg_ihkl±\ Li\ _^q ,,,>he]i_j_^d_f" i_j_^fZl_jvx
Q_eh\_d\i_j\u_ihiZ\rbcgZKZoZebgbebDmjbeug_i_ j_klZ_lm^b\eylvkykdZahqghcdjZkhl_^Zevg_\hklhqghcijbjh^u< jZklbl_evghf fbj_ a^_kv pZjbl lZdhc m^b\bl_evguc [_kihjy^hd qlhihjhcg_agZ_rv]^_lugZoh^brvky±\ aghcguo ebkm[ljhib dZobeb\ kmjh\hckb[bjkdhclZc]_\ e_kZoIh^fhkdh\vybebgZ[_ j_]m E_^h\blh]h hd_ZgZ H]jhfgu_ aZjhkeb [Zf[mdZ a^_kv khk_^kl \mxl k ibolZfb b _eyfb x`gZy fZ]gheby m`b\Z_lky k k_\_jghc dZf_gghc [_j_ahc khqgu_ Zevibckdb_ em]Z ± k aZjhkeyfb [_j_a b de_gh\i_j_\bluoebZgZfbb ^bdbf\bgh]jZ^hf :Ihih\ ;_ihjy^hd ± ihjy^hd ijbkl kb[bjkdhc ± Kb[bjv kmn Ih^ fhkdh\vy±Fhkd\Zijbklkmn aZjhkeb±aZjZklbkmn
H\jZ]B ah\ml h\jZ]ZJ [_`blkeZ^dha\_gydexqB ba\_klguc \h \k_f I ;m_\_ I \dmkhf L djbklZevghc J klm^_ghc J \h^uJ lZdhcklm^_ghcJ qlhhlg__J b \aghcguc