Методические указания и контрольные работы по английскому языку для студентов 4 курса ОЗО факультета филологии и журналистики. Выпуск 7, 8

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «ЮЖНЫЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Лунёва В.В., Якуба Э.В.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ и контрольные работы по английскому языку для студентов 4 курса ОЗО факультета филологии и журналистики

Выпуск 7, 8

г. Ростов-на-Дону 2008

Методические указания разработаны преподавателями кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов Луневой В.В. и Якуба Э.В. Ответственный редактор: доцент кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов Баркова С.Л. Печатается в соответствии с решением кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов ЮФУ, протокол № 9 от 15.02.2008.

Методическая записка Настоящие методические указания предназначены для выполнения письменных контрольных работ студентами 4 курса ОЗО факультета филологии и журналистики. Методические указания состоят из 2 контрольных работ, включающих 4 варианта. Контрольную работу № 7 рекомендуется выполнять в VII семестре, № 8 в VIII семестре. Каждый вариант контрольной работы включает ряд упражнений по грамматике и текст для перевода, причем в упражнениях присутствует грамматический материал, предусмотренный программой по английскому языку для ОЗО. Тексты и упражнения расположены в порядке возрастания языковой трудности в соответствии с программой. Контрольные работы должны выполняться аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы следует оставлять в тетради широкие поля для замечаний преподавателя. Материал контрольный работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:

Левая страница

Поля

Правая страница

Английский текст

Русский текст

Поля

Задания должны быть выполнены полностью и в той последовательности, в которой они предложены; их условия необходимо переписывать. Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена в отдельной тетради, на обложке которой следует указать номер контрольной работы, номер варианта, факультет, отделение, фамилию преподавателя и студента. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указанных требований или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.

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Контрольные работы №7 и №8 Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольные работы №7, №8, необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал: 1 Глагол. Система модальных глаголов английского языка и их функции. Синонимические функции модальных глаголов. Сослагательное наклонение. Сопоставление с изъявительным наклонением в условных предложениях (Conditionals I, II, III). 2 Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив, причастие, герундий. Формы и функции. Сложные конструкции с инфинитивом: сложное дополнение, сложное под лежащее. 3 Словообразование.

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Контрольная работа №7 Вариант 1 1 Образуйте прилагательные с отрицательным значением, взяв слова из колонки «А» и приставки из колонки «В», и переведите их на русский язык. A B usual legal regular obedient formal fair possible

imuninirdisil-

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 Why didn’t you phone? If I had known you were coming, I (meet) you at the airport. 2 If we had some tools, we (be able) to repair the car, but we haven’t got any with us. 3 Thank you for your help. If you hadn’t helped me, I (not pass) the examination. 4 It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy) it if I had the money, but I can’t afford it. 5 I can’t imagine what I would do with the money if I (win) the football pools or a lottery. 3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия и определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 She suspects me of (to read) her diary. 2 He doesn’t like (to praise) in the presence of his fellow-students. 3 (to look through) a lot of journals and papers, Comrade Semenov began to write his report. 4 The letter contained very little matter, (to write) in haste. 5 We know him (to establish) a school of his own. 5

4 Вставьте глаголы to have to или to be to в модальном значении и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 At nightfall the ship put in at small port where they ………… load three hundred bags of coffee. 2 When I got home I found I had left my olive oil in front of the notice-board and I ………… return in the afternoon to collect it. 3 For the next few weeks I …………. stay in bed. Everyone came to visit me, and brought me presents, and I (not)………… do the cooking. 4 Now will you please show me the room where I ……... work. 5 He ……… stay the night with us because he has missed the last bus.

5 Найдите в колонке «В» определение слова из колонки «А». A

B a) to come or bring gradually to a larger, more complete or more advanced state. b) to amuse and interest, esp. by public performance; keep the attention of (people watching or listening) c) to arrive at or come as far as; get to, often after much time or effort d) to incourage in (someone) the desire and ability to take effective action, by filling with eagerness, confidence e) to take (goods, letters, etc.) to people’s house or places of work. f) to have an effect on (a person or their behaviour), esp. in causing or persuading someone to act in a particular way but without the use of direct force or command g) to make a strong request for help, support, mercy, etc.

1) to inspire 2) to deliver 3) to influence 4) to develop 5) to appeal (to; for) 6) to reach

7) to entertain

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6 Прочтите и устно переведите 1-6 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5, 6 абзацы. What communication means. 1 Man has another fundamental need beyond the physical requirements of food and shelter: the need to communicate with his fellow human beings. This urge for communication is a primal one and, in our contemporary civilization, a necessity for survival. Simply defined, communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas, and attitudes from one person to another. 2 Upon this foundation modern men have built intricate, many-faceted machinery for delivering their messages. The unfolding achievements of science are making this communication machinery more and more fantastic in its ability to conquer the physical barriers of our world. Our minds and our electronic devices are reaching into areas not considered even remotely possible by our grandfathers. 3 Men hurtling through space send back radio reports of what they experience. Camera mounted on rockets give us close-up televised photographs of the moon surface. Television programs are transmitted from one side of the world to another by bouncing their signals off a satellite in orbit. Each year brings additional wonders in the craft of communicating our messages. With computers and instantaneous transmission systems we are bending time and space to our will. 4 Yet all this costly structure is a meaningless toy unless its users have some-thing significant to say. The study of communication thus involves two aspects - a broad comprehension of the mechanical means and, more important, an understanding of how men use these tools in their daily round of informing, influencing, inspiring, convincing, frightening and entertaining each other. 5 Each of us communicates with another individual by directing a message to one or more of his senses – sights, sound, touch, taste or smell. When we smile, we communicate a desire of friendliness; the tone in which we say “ good morning” can indicate feelings all the way from surliness to warm pleasure, and the words we choose in speaking or waiting convey a message we want to “put across” to the other person. The more effectively we select and deliver those words, the better our communication with him. 6 Contemporary society is far too complex to function only through direct communication between one individual to another. Our important messages, to be effective must reach many people at the one time. The politician running for the Senate spends much of his campaign time visiting factories and meetings, shaking hands with the citizens in the hope of winning their votes. He knows, however, that he can reach only a small percentage of the voters this way, so he hires time 7

on television and radio to deliver his message to thousands of voters simultaneously. 7 Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту: 1 Why do you think the author states that in our contemporary civilization the urge for communication is a necessity for survival? 2 How do people communicate with each other? 3 What are the two aspects of communication? 8 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: из 1 абзаца – предложение, содержащее слово-заместитель. из 2 абзаца – предложение, содержащее причастие I и укажите его функцию. из 5 абзаца – предложение, содержащее сравнительную конструкцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

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Вариант 2 1 Образуйте прилагательные с отрицательным значением, взяв слова из колонки «А» и приставки из колонки «В», и переведите их на русский язык. A

B

visible polite responsible logical comfortable organized significant

disunilirimin-

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he trained harder, he (be) quite a good runner. 2 If Claire had listened to her mother, she (not marry) David in the first place. 3 It rained every day on our holiday. If we hadn’t taken the television with us, we (not have) anything to do. 4 Jim is so untidy. If he (buy) some new clothes, he wouldn’t look so bad. 5 We have a suggestion to make. How would you feel if we (offer) you the job of assistant manager. 3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия и определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

I have come to apologize for (to cause) all that trouble. He only succeeded in (to take) for a bore. (to inform) about their arrival, she did the room in order. Have you ever heard him (to praise) anybody’s work? She begged me to let her (to know) when the mother would be back. 9

4 Вставьте глаголы to have to или to be to в модальном значении и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 I was somewhat surprised to find so many people in the hall in which I …… speak. 2 She knew there would be no more vacations for her sons. But she ………..(not) to say it. They knew that as well as she. 3 What a pity you ………… go. I know it’s time for you to catch your train. 4 My bike is under repair and I ……….. walk here this morning. 5 Next day Frank took me for a long drive. We …………. dine with the Greens at seven.

5 Найдите в колонке «В» определение слова из колонки «А». A 1) obituary 2) gossip column 3) classified 4) home 5) masthead 6) banner headline 7) scoop

B a) small advertisements about films, plays, concerts, things for sale, and so on. b) news about the country the paper is published in. c) exclusive story, especially an exciting one. d) (often critical) stories about the social activities and private lives of famous people. e) headline in extremely large print f) top of front page carrying the name of the paper. g) article about the life of someone who has recently died.

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6 Прочтите и устно переведите 1-7 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 5, 7 абзацы. On newspapers 1 Newspapers are archives, objects of record. They can be referred to, checked back on, in a way that the television or radio news cannot. They can describe events at greater length, add more relevant detail, give authoritative comment from people in a position to detect trends and the likely lines in which a news story will develop. 2 But the old concept of a newspaper “scoop” the presentation of a startling hard news story a day before it rivals, is virtually dead – killed by radio and television. What is newsworthy? During the day, newsworthy events will happen that are quite unpredicted. A passenger plane may crash, a bank raid take place, a film star arrives in Heathrow without her husband and announces she is getting a divorce. 3 “Newsworthy?” But are these things newsworthy? Who says they are newsworthy? Different countries have different customs. So who says these things are newsworthy? Who choose to report a bank raid rather than the one hundredth birthday of Mrs. Jemima Snooks, who has had a telegram from the Queen? 4 Let us look at the finished product and work back from there. Every newspaper, every radio and television news bulletin has “lead” story – the first story, give greatest prominence on the front page or put first in the bulletin. The editor – or more usually the chief subeditor, since the editor is usually too busy to be concerned with the minute – by – minute running of the organization – chooses which story he thinks will be most important to the readers, listeners or viewers. 5 If there is an earthquake in Peru with an estimated 2000 dead, the quality papers in Britain would probably put that prominently on their front pages. The popular papers would try to discover whether any Britons were working in the area, and if they found that an English girl was there – and particularly if the picture department could produce a photograph of her – that might rate the first page. 6 Otherwise, if the death toll were entirely local, the popular press would probably place the disaster on an inside foreign page. If a house fell down in Liverpool trapping a family, the Liverpool Echo would put that prominently on the front page. The national papers might put it briefly lower down their front pages, and the popular tabloids would probably put the story inside the paper. 7 Each newspaper, each news bulletin is thus a product manufactured from what is available. No newspaper ever comes out with blank columns and the comment that there is “no news today” except in those countries where governments impose press censorship. The quality papers, sometimes called the “papers of re11

cord”, do however print stories that they feel should be recorded, even if they are dull and unlikely to appeal to many readers. It is said that there used to be a competition on the foreign desk of The Times to write the dullest headline, which was once won by a journalist who wrote the headline: “Small Earthquake In Chile: Not Many Dead”. 7 Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту: 1 Why does the author think that newspapers are archives? Do you agree with this viewpoint? 2 Have you ever read any old newspapers in search for some necessary information? 3 Do you agree that newspapers always reflect the actual situation in the world events? Why? Can they always serve as reliable sources of news? 8 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из 2 абзаца – предложение, содержащее причастие и укажите его форму и функцию. Из 4 абзаца – предложение, содержащее инфинитив и укажите его форму и функцию. Из 6 абзаца – условное предложение, определите тип условного предложения. Переведите выписанные предложения на русский язык.

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Вариант 3 1 Образуйте прилагательные с отрицательным значением, взяв слова из колонки «А» и приставки из колонки «В», и переведите их на русский язык. A B satisfied edible happy kind relevant literate sensitive

inilirdisun-

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 If I remind you in a mouth from now of things you are saying tonight you (laugh). 2 According to the time table, if the train (leave) on time, we will arrive at 5.30. 3 Terry never catches anything when he goes fishing. And if he (catch) a fish, he would throw it back. 4 If the cases (be) too heavy, I’ll help you to carry them. 5 If Bill hadn’t stolen the car, he (not be) in prison now. 3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия и определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

She is said (to graduate) from Moscow University. (to recognize) as the leading principle, the statement was included into the theory. He is believed (to write) a new play. The way she looks at me makes me (to feel) quite nervous. She didn’t mind (to discuss) the problem again.

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4 Вставьте глаголы to have to или to be to в модальном значении и переведите предложения на русский язык 1 We ………. meet at 10 o’clock. We are going to look for a present for our granny. 2 He set off for the school where he ………... write examination for entry to the University. 3 Uncle Nick’s things ……… be moved out of his room so that it could be re-let. 4 It was announced on the radio that the President …………. speak that night. 5 She ……….. go to bed at eight o’clock to be up in time for the first train. 5 Найдите в колонке «В» определение слова из колонки «А». A 1) to broadcast 2) to stimulate 3) to educate 4) to investigate 5) to transmit 6) to advertise 7) to declare

B a) to say solemnly, to say in order to show that one has no doubt or hesitation b) to make known to people (by printing notices in newspapers, etc., or by other methods) c) to pass or hand on; send on d) to examine; inquire into e) to give intellectual and moral training to f) to excite; rouse; quicken thought or feeling g) to send out in all directions; esp. by radio.

6 Прочтите и устно переведите 1-5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, 5 абзацы. Radio 1 The development of broadcasting in the United Kingdom was dominated by the BBC and its first director general, Lord Reith. Starting in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company, a private commercial company, its original motive was to stimulate the sale of radios. It became established as an autonomous public body, the British Broadcasting Corporation, by Royal Charter in 1927, with a self-declared mis14

sion to “inform, educate and entertain”. Its chairman and a board of governors are nominated by the government. 2 The BBC began a television service in 1936, the first such operation in the world. By 1939, however, when television was taken off the air for reasons of national defense, the viewing figures were still insignificant. TV transmissions began again in 1946 and figures for ownership of sets rose steadily. The rise accelerated with the televising of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth in 1953 and again when a second channel (BBC 2) began colour transmissions in 1964. 3 The BBC now transmits five national radio programmes, with some regional variations provided by BBC Scotland and BBC Northern Ireland. Radio One provides popular music. Radio Two is also music based, aiming at an older audience and including general information programmes. Radio Three concentrates on serious music and culture. Radio Four is a speech programme and is the BBC’s principal news and current affairs output. Its morning news magazine, the Today Programme, regularly has an audience of 6 million listeners. Radio Five, which began transmission for the first time in August 1990, will concentrate on education, sport and the younger listener. In addition, the BBC operates 32 local radio stations. 4 The BBC is in essence financed by a license fee, the level of which is set by the government. It does not carry paid advertising on either radio or television. While the penetration of television sets was growing steadily up to the end of 1970’s, this gave the BBC a buoyant source of revenue. However, once the point was reached where effectively all households had a television set, the level of the license fee became a political issue. The BBC’s relations with the present government have not been easy. For the time being the license fee is being increased each year by a percentage that is somewhat less than the going rate of inflation and the BBC has been told to investigate other ways of increasing its revenue, such as the sale of subscription-based services or sponsorship. 5 The BBC also runs an overseas service, which transmits in English and 40 other languages around the world. This service, though managerially an integrated part of the BBC’s operations, is financed separately by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

7 Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту: 1 When did the BBC start? 2 What did Royal Charter write about the mission of the BBC? 3 When did the BBC begin its television service? 15

8 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из 1 абзаца – предложение, содержащее один из эквивалентов модальных глаголов. Из 2 абзаца – предложение, содержащее причастие I и причастие II и укажи те их функцию. Из 4 абзаца – предложение, содержащее глагол сказуемое в Present Continuous Passive Voice. Переведите выписанные предложения на русский язык.

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Вариант 4 1 Образуйте прилагательные с отрицательным значением, взяв слова из колонки «А» и приставки из колонки «В», и переведите их на русский язык. A

B

loyal conscious reliable mature legal visible regular

irinilunimdis-

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 I can’t understand what he sees in her. If anyone (treat) me like that, I would be extremely angry. 2 What bad luck! If Alan (not fall) over, he would have won the race. 3 If it (be) fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast. 4 I don’t like this flat. I think I would be happier if I (live) in a house in the country. 5 I’ m sure your letter hasn’t arrived yet. If I had come I (notice) it. 3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия и определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 She is supposed (to take) to hospital. 2 This scientist is known (to keep in touch) with the latest developments in his field of research. 3 They can organize their work without (to interfere) by employer. 4 (to bring) the bread, she put it on the table. 5 He complained of (to give) a very small room at the back of the hotel.

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4 Вставьте глаголы to have to или to be to в модальном значении и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 They ……….. take the dog along with them because there is no one who could look after it. 2 He told me that I …………. learn by heart some twenty lines every day to know English well. 3 Eden went to the wood where he ………… meet his brother for a ride. 4 Rudy was invited for dinner at Mary’s house. After dinner they ……… go to a movie. 5 I ……….. start on my new job on Monday.

5 Найдите колонке «В» определение слова из колонки «А». A 1) chat-show or talk-show 2) game show 3) God slot 4) phone-in

5) quiz show 6) sitcom 7) soap opera or soap

B a) contest of skill, intelligence or knowledge. The term includes quiz shows. b) series about the lives of a group of people. c) short for situation comedy. Comedy series based around a character or group of characters, often an ‘ordinary’ family. d) a well-known host invites guests to talk, often about something they are trying to sell or promote, like their latest book. e) a host invites people to phone in and put questions to a studio guest, or just give their opinions about something. f) religious programme. g) contest involving answering questions.

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6 Прочтите и устно переведите 1-5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 5, абзацы. Television and the Public. Better viewing and listening. 1 The viewer switches on the set and settles down to watch the colourful programmes. For most viewers, most of the time, it is as simple as that, and who would have it otherwise? Yet to make this possible involves one of the success stories of modern technology and many specialist engineering skills – in the studios, the control rooms, the technical areas, the Post Office switching centres, the colour control rooms. And behind it all the broadcast equipment industry, the research and development engineers, the network planning and administrative staffs, the transmitter design, construction and maintenance people, the aerial engineers and the riggers who climb the 1,000 ft masts… the list is long and yet the aim of them all is to ensure that they pass on to the next link in the chain a television picture or music every bit as good as it reached them. Seldom can so much skill have been used with the sole aim of doing nothing! 2 “We have got an extremely good television system at the moment, so why all this talk of improving it? Forget the technology and concentrate on the programmes!” One can indeed understand and sometimes sympathize with this viewpoint. But then one remembers that, even today, programmes are moulded and defined by the technology. 3 Producers and directors still say “Wouldn’t it be wonderful if we could only …” and then enthuse about the programmes they could make with lighter cameras that would work with natural lighting and never drift out of registration; news editors fume at the difficulty of providing “live” coverage from far-away places; company accountants are horrified at the cost of “machine-time” in post-production editing; artists grumble at the number of technicians who get between them and their audience or the “noisy” pictures that can result from multiply generations of editing; while everybody who works in the studios is convinced that the picture was fine leaving them (a view shared of course by transmitter engineers who blame the set makers who blame the broadcasters who …). 4 The simple truth is that, to critical eyes, the pictures seen on a domestic set are not consistently “perfect’ although those seen in the UK certainly stand comparison with anywhere in the world. 5 Every engineer has his own ideas as to how we could achieve more consistent quality while providing more flexibility to the programme people. Many of the solutions are based on techniques for handling the signals in “digital” form (systems which process the picture by using a sort of extremely high-speed Morse code technique). 19

Others believe that there is still scope for improving and extending the more conventional “analogue” systems. 7 Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту: 1 Do you agree that special engineering skills are of great importance for the quality of a programme? 2 How can engineering skills influence a TV programme? Give your reasons. 3 What is the role of the network planning and administrative staff on Russian TV? 8 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из 1 абзаца – предложение, содержащее глагол сказуемое в Present Perfect Passive Voice. Из 2 абзаца – предложение, содержащее герундий и укажите его форму и функцию. Из 4 абзаца – предложение, содержащее слово-заместитель. Переведите выписанные предложения на русский язык.

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Контрольная работа №8 Вариант 1 1 Найдите в колонке «В» определения слов из колонки «А». A 1) to fondle 2) to create 3) to examine 4) to hawk 5) to borrow 6) to squeeze 7) to produce 8) to amuse

B a) to cause something to exist, to make something new. b) to look at carefully in order to learn about or from. c) to get or use something, understanding that it is to be returned. d) to offer (good) for sale, by going from house to house, or to spread gossips. e) to make time pass pleasantly or to make smile, laugh. f) to manufacture, to make, grow. g) to press on from the opposite side or to get juice out of something h) to touch or to stroke lovingly

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 I’m sorry, you had to wait. If Peter had informed me earlier, I (arrange) everything in time. 2 If we took a guitar with, he (play) for us. He is so good at it! 3 My sister would never have bought the new apartment if our parents (not give) money to her. 4 What a nice suggestion! Our family (buy) this tour if we had spare time, but our children mustn’t miss lessons at school. 5 What would John say if he (know) about Jane’s wedding!

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3 Найдите ошибки во фразовых глаголах и исправьте их. 1 When we arrived to the hotel it was very late but we had to check on first and then go to our room. 2 What a pity that your colleagues cannot count to you! 3 When Watson saw her eyes he immediately fell in love at her. 4 The weather improved soon and sun came over. 5 I don’t feel as going there, it’s too early now! 4 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

Jane enjoyed (work) for Brinkman. However, she didn’t plan (be) a secretary all her life. She didn’t mind (be) a secretary for a few years. But she couldn’t imagine (do) the same job for years and years. (to predict) two days ago, the bad weather didn’t shock us.

5 Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя конструкции Complex Object или Complex Subject. 1 2 3 4 5

Сообщили, что премьера состоится на следующей неделе. Я слышал, как кто-то окликнул меня. Мы не ожидали, что он обратится к аудитории по-русски. Ожидается, что много людей придут на концерт. Мы заметили, что он говорит с трудом.

6 Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол или эквивалент в следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. 1 I wish you …smoke so much

a) wouldn’t b) have to c) should d) mustn’t

2 … I carry that case for you?

a) would b) ought c) need d) shall 22

3 We don’t … do it if we don’t want

a) have to b) be able c) need d) shall

4 They … have phoned her. She hasn’t got a phone!

a) can b) could c) couldn’t d) mustn’t

5 I’m sick, but I … to drive.

a) am able b) must c) would d) could

7 Прочитайте и переведите текст «Reading Books». Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту. 1 What should a reader notice reading a book? 2 Can a reader expect to glean information about places and times from a novel? 3 What is a characteristic feature of a real writer? Reading Books 1 In reading, one should notice and fondle details. Inhere is nothing wrong about the moonshine of generalization when it comes after the sunny trifles of the book have been lovingly collected, if one begins with a ready-made generalization, one begins at the wrong end and travels away from the book before one has started to understand it. 2 Nothing is more boring or more unfair to the author than starting to read, say, Madame Bovary, with the preconceived notion that it is a denunciation of the bourgeoisie. We should always remember that the work of art is invariably the creation of a new world, so that the first thing we should do is to study that new world as closely as possible, approaching it as something brand new, having no obvious connection with the worlds, other branches of knowledge. 3 Another question: Can we expect to glean information about places and times from a novel? Can anybody be so naive as to think he or she can learn anything about the past from those buxom best-sellers that are hawked around by book clubs under the heading of historical novels? But what about the masterpieces? Can we rely on Jane 23

Austen's picture of landowning England, with baronets and landscaped grounds when all she knew was a clergyman's parlor? And Bleak House, that fantastic romance within a fantastic London, can we call it a study of London a hundred years ago? Certainly not. And the same holds for other such novels in this series. The truth is that great novels are great fairy tales—and the novels in this series are supreme fairy tales. 4 Time and space, the colors of the seasons, the movements of muscles and minds, all these are for writers of genius (as far as we can guess and I trust we guess right) not traditional notions which may be borrowed from the circulating library of public truths but a series of unique surprises which master artists have learned to express in their own unique way. To minor authors is left the ornamentation of the commonplace: these do not bother about any reinventing of the world; they merely try to squeeze the best they can out of a given order of things, out of traditional patterns of fiction. And they are sure to fulfill this kind of job well. 5 The various combinations these minor authors are able to produce within these set limits may be quite amusing in a mild ephemeral way because minor readers like to recognize their own ideas in a pleasing disguise. But the real writer, the fellow who sends planets spinning and models a man asleep and eagerly tampers with the sleeper's rib, that kind of author has no given values at his disposal: he must create them himself. 8 Перепишите и переведите письменно абзацы № 1, 3, 5, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и эквиваленты, подчеркните их в тексте и переводе. 9 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из абзаца №1 – предложение, содержащее герундий и укажите его форму и функцию. Из абзаца № 2 - предложения, содержащие инфинитивы и укажите их форму и функцию. Из абзаца №4 – предложение, содержащее неопределенное местоимение и объясните его значение. Из абзаца №4 – предложение, содержащее конструкцию Complex Subject, переведите предложение. 24

Вариант 2 1 Найдите в колонке «В» определения слов из колонки «А». A 1) to support 2) to evoke 3) to recall 4) to identify 5) to establish

B a) to be still present after a part has gone. b) to set up, to settle. c) to bear the weight of , to help d) to bring back to the mind, recollect e) to give the required temper, to soften or modify. f) to bring something as a picture before the mind g) to say, show, prove, who somebody or something is. h) to call up, to bring out

6) to remain 7) to temper 8) to visualize

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 Our professor is so busy. If he (not have) so many lectures he would accept our invitation for students’ party! 2 If our editor gave me this task two days ago, I (prepare) the interview better! 3 The concert was so boring. If we had known the program in advance, we (not buy) the tickets. 4 If you read more in English, you (know) more new words. 5 My mother can’t imagine, how she would arrange the party if her friends (not help) her. 3 Найдите ошибки во фразовых глаголах и исправьте их. 1 2 3 4 5

They objected for our joining them. I can’t approve about Mary missing classes. Don’t prevent him at leaving. Do you insist of discussing this question now? They suspected him on deceiving them. 25

4 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

She hoped (become) a lawyer herself. The only thing that prevented her from (study) law was a lack of time and money. She often remembered (talk) to her father before he became ill. She couldn’t help (think) about him as she worked. (write) the article we sent it to a famous magazine.

5 Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя конструкции Complex Object или Complex Subject. 1 2 3 4 5

Говорят, что экспедиция достигла горной вершины. Мы видели, что он написал тест по литературе. Все думают, что он талантливый репортёр. Предполагают, что эти руины раньше были крепостью. Известно, что с давних времен килт был национальной шотландской одеждой.

6 Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол или эквивалент в следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. 1 I wish you …work so hard

a) b) c) d)

have to wouldn’t should mustn’t

2 … we read that article for you?

a) b) c) d)

shall ought need would

3 We don’t … come if we don’t want

a) b) c) d)

have to be able need shall

4 They … have visited her. She left for London a month ago!

a) b) c) d)

mustn’t could couldn’t can

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5 He’s sick, but he … to speak.

a) is able b) must c) would d) could

7 Прочитайте и переведите текст «How we Read».Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту. 1 What are the two kinds of imagination in the reader’s case? 2 What can help to understand a book better? 3 When was Literature born? How we Read. 1 There are at least two varieties of imagination in the reader's case. First, there is the comparatively lowly kind which turns for support to the simple emotions and is of a definitely personal nature. A situation in a book is felt because it reminds us of something that happened to us or to someone we know or knew. Or, again, a reader treasures a book because it evokes a country, a landscape, a mode of living which he recalls as part of his own past. Or, and this is the worst thing a reader can do, he identifies himself with a character in the book. This lowly variety is not the kind of imagination I would like readers to use. 2 So what is the authentic instrument to be used by the reader? It is impersonal imagination and artistic delight. What should be established is an artistic harmonious balance between the reader's mind and the author's mind. We ought to remain a little aloof and take pleasure in this aloofness while at the same time we keenly enjoy— passionately enjoy, enjoy with tears and shivers – the inner weave of a given masterpiece. To be quite objective in these matters is impossible. 3 Everything that is worthwhile is to some extent subjective. But what I mean is that the reader must know when and where to curb his imagination and this he does by trying to get clear the specific world the author places at his disposal. We must see things and hear things, we must visualize the rooms, the clothes, the manners of an author's people. The color of Fanny Price's eyes in Mansfield Park and the furnishing of her cold little room are important. 4 We all have different temperaments, and I can tell you that the best temperament for a reader to have, or to develop, is a combination of the artistic and the scientific one. The enthusiastic artist alone is too subjective in his attitude towards a book, and so a scientific coolness of judgment will temper the intuitive heat. If, however, a would27

be reader is utterly devoid of passion and patience—of an artist's passion and a scientist's patience—he will hardly enjoy great literature. 5 Literature was born not the day when a boy crying “wolf, wolf “came running out of the Neanderthal valley with a big grey wolf at his heels; literature was born on the day when a boy came crying “wolf, wolf” and there was no wolf behind him. That the poor little fellow because he lied too often was finally eaten up by a real beast is quite incidental. But here is what is important. Between the wolf in the tall grass and the wolf in the tall story there must be a shimmering go-between. That go-between, that prism, is the art of literature. 8 Перепишите и переведите письменно абзацы № 2, 3, 5, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и эквиваленты, подчеркните их в тексте и переводе. 9 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из абзаца №1 – выпишите наречия и образуйте от них существительные и глаголы. Например : practically – practice – to practice. Из абзаца № 4 - предложения, содержащие инфинитивы и укажите их форму и функцию. Из абзаца №4 – условное предложение, определите его тип и переведите на русский язык.

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Вариант 3 1 Найдите в колонке «В» определения слов из колонки «А». A 1) to accept 2) to allow 3) to flicker 4) to fuse 5) to combine 6) to contain 7) to tame 8) to conquer

B a) to make or become liquid as a result of great heat, to make into one whole b) to burn or shine unsteadily, flash and die away by turns. c) to bring under control d) to have or hold within itself e) to join together, possess at the same time f) to defeat or overcome enemies g) to permit, give permission h) to receive something offered, to agree

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4

You are not a good friend! If you phoned him, he (ask) your advice. We are sure he has arrived! If the plane didn’t land they (inform) us. When he brings new articles everybody (know) they (be) very interesting. I don’t agree with you. If you took into account the new data, you (get) another result! 5 If it rains we (change) our plans and (go) to the cinema. 3 Найдите ошибки во фразовых глаголах и исправьте их. 1 2 3 4 5

He was pleased in seeing them. I’m not used of being late, it’s just my mistake! Who is responsible in collecting money? He is proud on winning the competition. Please, apologize about my being so rude. 29

4 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

She often heard him (give) important advice to her brothers. “I must remember (phone) the hospital” she thought. He had always urged her (think) of her future. He used (talk) about the value of a good education when she was younger. (give) us the task, our boss left the office.

5 Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя конструкции Complex Object или Complex Subject. 1 2 3 4 5

Считается, что профессия журналиста очень популярна. Добейтесь, чтобы студенты выполняли домашнюю работу. Она заставила сотрудников рассказать ей правду. Предполагалось, что он перенес лекции на пятницу. Говорят, что экспедиция достигла горной вершины.

6 Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол или эквивалент в следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. 1 We wish you …lie so much!

a) wouldn’t b) have to c) should d) mustn’t

2 I’m tired, but I … to work.

a) am able b) must c) would d) could

3 … I carry that bag for you?

a) would b) am able c) need d) shall 30

4 We don’t … do it if we don’t want

a) have to b) be able c) need d) shall

5 They … have phoned me. My phone is out of order!

a) may b) could c) couldn’t d) mustn’t

7 Прочитайте и переведите текст «Art of Writing» Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту. 1 What is the art of writing? 2 Why does a major reader have to reread books? 3 What does a book appeal to? The Art of Writing 1 The art of writing is a very futile business if it does not imply first of all the art of seeing the world as the potentiality of fiction. The material of this world may be real enough (as far as reality goes) but does not exist at all as an accepted entirety: it is chaos, and to this chaos the author says "go!" allowing the world to flicker and to fuse. It is now recombined in its very atoms, not merely in its visible and superficial parts. The writer is the first man to map it and to name the natural objects it contains. Those berries there are edible. That speckled creature that bolted across my path might be tamed. That lake between those trees will be called Lake Opal or, more artistically, Dishwater Lake. That mist is a mountain – and that mountain must be conquered. Up a trackless slope climbs the master artist, and at the top, on a windy ridge, whom do you think he meets? The panting and happy reader, and there they spontaneously embrace and are linked forever if the book lasts forever. 2 Curiously enough, one cannot read a book: one can only reread it. A good reader, a major reader, an active and creative reader should be a rereader. And I shall tell you why. When we read a book for the first time the very process of laboriously moving our eyes from left to right, line after line, page after page, this complicated physical work upon the book, the very process of learning in terms of space and time what the book is about, this stands between us and artistic appreciation. 31

3 When we look at a painting we do not have to move our eyes in a special way even if, as in a book, the picture contains elements of depth and development. The element of time does not really enter in a first contact with a painting. In reading a book, we must have time to acquaint ourselves with it. We have no physical organ (as we have the eye in regard to a painting) that takes in the whole picture and then can enjoy its details. But at a second, or third, or fourth reading we do, in a sense, behave towards a book as we do towards a painting. However, let us not confuse the physical eye, that monstrous masterpiece of evolution, with the mind, an even more monstrous achievement. A book, no matter what it is – a work of fiction or a work of science (the boundary line between the two is not as clear as is generally believed) – a book of fiction appeals first of all to the mind. The mind, the brain, the top of the tingling spine, is, or should be, the only instrument used upon a book. But if all readers agreed to the ideas of authors, reading for them wouldn’t be so exciting. 8 Перепишите и переведите письменно абзацы № 1 и 2, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и эквиваленты, подчеркните их в тексте и переводе. 9 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из абзаца №1 – предложение, содержащее инфинитивы и укажите их форму и функцию. Из абзаца № 3 – условное предложение, определите его тип и переведите на русский язык. Из абзаца №3 – – предложение, содержащее герундий и укажите его форму и функцию.

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Вариант 4 1 Найдите в колонке «В» определения слов из колонки «А». A 1) to deceive 2) to invent 3) to acquire 4) to consider 5) to enchant 6) to excite 7) to blend 8) to bask

B a) to enjoy warmth and light b) to mix together c) to cause somebody to believe something that is false d) to gain by skill or ability e) to create or design something not existing before. f) to think about, to take into account g) to charm, to use magic on. h) to stir up the feelings of, cause somebody to feel strongly

2 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму и переведите условные предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

If his state (be) satisfactory, the doctor will permit him to go home. What a wonderful sight! If John (know) this wonderful place, he would join us. We would have booked better seats if we (come) earlier. My cat is so lazy. If a bird sat on its head it (not move)! If you don’t like the concert, you (return) home earlier.

3 Найдите ошибки во фразовых глаголах и исправьте их. 1 2 3 4 5

I don’t think we can blame him on writing that article. When he heard that news, he burst in crying. I never complain on working hard, I like my job. I cannot tell you the exact time, it depends of the time of his coming! I want to keep you for writing this letter, you’ll regret soon!

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4 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму герундия, инфинитива или причастия, определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 2 3 4 5

Finally he let her (buy) any book she needed. Her father made her (tell) him truth. She suspected her brother of (take) her belongings. He was believed (create) a new theory. (invite) me to the party, he promised to sent the invitation later.

5 Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя конструкции Complex Object или Complex Subject. 1 2 3 4 5

Мы видели, что он написал тест по литературе. Все думают, что он талантливый репортёр. Предполагают, что эти руины раньше были крепостью. Известно, что с давних времен килт был национальной шотландской одеждой. Считается, что профессия журналиста очень популярна.

6 Вставьте необходимый модальный глагол или эквивалент в следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. 1 They don’t … read it if they don’t want

a) have to b) be able c) need d) shall

2 I wish you …walk so much!

a) wouldn’t b) are to c) should d) mustn’t

3 … I translate this text for you?

a) would b) ought c) need d) shall

4 Peter … have phoned her. He doesn’t know her phone number!

a) can b) could c) couldn’t d) mustn’t 34

5 I’m busy, but I … to talk to you.

a) am able b) must c) would d) could

7 Прочитайте и переведите текст «What is Writer» Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту. 1 How can we call Literature? 2 What is a great writer? 3 What are the three facets of the great writer? What is Writer. 1 Literature is invention. Fiction is fiction. Calling a story a true story is an insult to both art and truth. Every great writer is a great deceiver, but so is that arch-cheat Nature. Nature always deceives. From the simple deception of propagation to the prodigiously sophisticated illusion of protective colors in butterflies or birds, there is in Nature a marvelous system of spells and wiles. The writer of fiction only follows Nature's lead. But if writers told us only about the real facts, reading their books wouldn’t be so exciting. 2 There are three points of view from which a writer can be considered: he may be considered as a storyteller, as a teacher, and as an enchanter. A major writer has to combine these three— storyteller, teacher, enchanter—but it is the enchanter in him that predominates and makes him a major writer. 3 To the storyteller we turn for entertainment, for mental excitement of the simplest kind, for emotional participation, for the pleasure of traveling in some remote region in space or time. A slightly different though not necessarily higher mind looks for the teacher in the writer. Propagandist, moralist, prophet—this is the increasing sequence. We may go to the teacher not only for moral education but also for direct knowledge, for simple facts. Alas, I have known people whose purpose in reading the French and Russian novelists was to learn something about life in gay Paree or in sad Russia. Finally, and above all, a great writer should be always a great enchanter, and it is here that we come to the really exciting part when we try to grasp the individual magic of his genius and to study the style, the imagery, the pattern of his novels or poems. 4 The three facets of the great writer – magic, story, lesson – are prone to blend in one impression of unified and unique radiance, since the magic of art may be present in 35

the very bones of the story, in the very marrow of thought. There are masterpieces of dry, limpid, organized thought which provoke in us an artistic quiver quite as strongly as a novel like Mansfield Park does or as any rich flow of Dickensian sensual imagery. 5 It seems to me that a good formula to test the quality of a novel is, in the long run, a merging of the precision of poetry and the intuition of science. In order to bask in that magic a wise reader should read the book of genius not with his heart, not much with his brain, but with his spine. It is there that occurs the telltale tingle even though we must keep a little aloof, a little detached when reading. Then with a pleasure which is both sensual and intellectual we shall watch the artist build his castle of cards arid watch the castle of cards become a castle of beautiful steel and glass. 8 Перепишите и переведите письменно абзацы № 2, 3, 5, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и эквиваленты, подчеркните их в тексте и переводе. 9 Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: Из абзаца №1 – условное предложение, определите его тип и переведите на русский язык. Из абзаца № 1 – функцию.

предложение, содержащее герундий и укажите его форму и

Из абзаца № 4 – функцию.

предложение, содержащее инфинитив и укажите его форму и

Из абзаца №4 – предложение, содержащее неопределенное местоимение и объясните его значение.

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