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6nn crarr, opraur.t3arlfloHHbrM ueHTpoM Qulaurponuqecrofi AeffreJrbnocru s PoccHH" Ilpr.rgao perxeune nox(epTBoBaTb >. Hosnxos nepeAaJr pyKoBoAcrBo QnHaucosofi cropoHoft ne,ra cneuuallnoft KoHTpoJtbHo-pacnopqAure.nruofi KoMHccHlr, cocrossuefr n: l0 anropltrerHbrx rrJreHoB MacoHcKHx Jrox. ExeroAno Ha crpaHnrrax ny6nuxoaanNct noApo6nue 6yxnalrepcKxe orqerbr o npuxoAHo-pacxoAHbrx onepauxfx KoMHccHH, qTo no3BoJrflJIo KaxAoMy floAflHcrrnxy-nafiulnry oqeHnBarr eSQexrnnHocrb ee pa6orn. Kax u [peJ,noJraraJr Hs.'tareJrb, $nlaHrponnqecKoe HaqnHaHHe nerep6yprcKflx MacoHoB Bbr3BaJro coqyBcrBeHsufi orKJrr.rK B pa3Hbrx cJroflx pyccKoro o6uecrna. Vcnex xypnara npeB3oueJr Bce caMbre cMerlile oxHAaHHr. B nepeufr ro4 (c cenrr6pn 1777 no aBrycr 1778 r.l 6ulo pacnpocrpaHeHo lto noAnlrcKe 875 axs (802 no4nncunxa), 6,raroAapn qeMy KaccoBar BbrpyqKa npeBbrc[na Ha 2000 py6. u3AareJrbcKue pacxoAbt 23 VcranannilBae, cpaBHr,rTe"rrbHo HeBbrcoKyro qeHy Ha noAoaofi KoMnJreKr xypHara (it py6 50 ron n flerep6ypre n 4 py6. B Apyrnx ropo4ax), Hosfixon crpeMHncfl cAe.rlaTb ero AocrynHblM MaKcLtMaJIbHo rxnpoKoMy Kpyry noKynarenefi. OAsaxo, BBnAy 6aaroruopnTeJIbHOTO XapaKTepa 9TOnO H3AaHr.rfl, MHOrI{e nOAnHCqHKH BHoclrlrf ro 5, 10. 20 u 25 py6. 3a 3K3eMnnrp (rpa$ f. A. 6proc, 3aBoArtux H. H. .[,eun4oa, sqseMcxt{fi Kyneil T. A. Mac.neHHnKoB n 4pyrne), a MHJtJrnoHep n. K. Xae6HITKoB noxeprBoBar HosHxosy cornrc [yAoB 6yrrlarn co6crBeHH,oro npon3BoAcrna, <norpe6nofi A;rg neqaraHHr,,VrpeuHefo cBera" qepe3 [e.nHfi roA> Tnpaxou s 1000 srg. Hrrrneparpnua xoJroAHo Bcrpernna HoBHKoBcKHe gaMbrclu. Ao fiopbr Ao BpeMeHH oHa He MeuaJra macoHam co6nparb noxeprBoBanr.rr sa 6aarornopuTeJrbnHe HyxAril, oAHaxo AeMoHcrparHBHo tls6eraaa ap6ux sHaKoB oAo6peuur n AoJrxeH
43
nooIrlpeHnff B lrx aApec. flpasAa, cnncox noAnllcqnKoB Ha orKpbrBaJrcfl (HengBecrnofi oco6ofi>, ynratnsruefi 3a ox3eMnJrflp xypHana 100 py6., n xoropofi coBpeMeHHHKU HecoMHeHHo
y3nann HacJreAHHKa npecrona flasaa
flerpon-uua, Ho B AaHHoM cnyqae oH BbrcrynaJt KaK qacrHoe
.nr.rqo. Cxenrr.rur3M ABopa He 6ua rafinoft aaa npannreJrbcrBeHHbIX TIHHOBHHKOB, t{ OHH,- KaK npaBHno, He cfielxunIl BcTy-
narb B qucJro nafirqflxos . Toanxo caurie caHoBHbre H He3aBncr{Mbre BerbMoxn (rnasrq fI. E. IllepeMereB n A. E. KypaxuH, rpaQu n. H. fIaHxH, K. f. PaiyMoncxnfi, H. l- Pyuqnqes n 3. f. 9epHuruer, sxoAsulnfi B cr{ny ceKperapb nMneparpuun A. A. 6ea6opoaxo) 4sp.Hynn HapyunTb gror nernacHufi 3anper. flpnHuunnanbHo Hnyto no3nrlllto no orHoureHnn x HosilKoBy gaHsnu Bbrctrrne canoBxltKu npanoc.nanHofi [epKBH.
OHx se roJrbKo oAo6pffnr{, Ho H aKT[BHo noAAepxnBaJrr{ ero npoeKTbr, BHAfl B nnx 6oroyroAnoe Aeno. HueuHo .rrogmMy
apxuenncKorr HoBropoAcxuft r.r caHKrnerep6yprcxnft farpnHn oxorHo AaJr corJrac[e crarb oOnunalrnurrr noKpoBHTeaeu , a MHorHe Apyrrte apxfienr{cxonH BgflJtlt Ha ce6q o6gganHocru noBnKoacKr{x KoMHccEoHepoB B cBor.tx enapxnsx. Xypnan nue.n orpounufi ycnex cpeAn npocBer[eHHoro AVxoBeHCrBa. He ueHee ropnwfi npneM
y pyccxofi
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HHreJrJr[reHqHn. Jlnreparopbr n nepeBoAqnKn, yrreHbre n xyAoxHrrKn, HegaBHcHMo or ux y6ex4ennfi n orHoluenut K MacoHcrBy, xHBo orKnltKHynr{cb Ha [pr{3us HoBHKoBa noMoqb AeJy npocBeulenr{r coorerrecrBennnron. IIInpoKaq ryMauncrr{qecKafl nporpauua xypuana 6ula pao;ro npneMJreMa KoHcepBarnBHo HacrpoenHoMy f. P. ,Il,epxannHy r{ MacoHy B.Vl.BaxeHooy, BonbHoAyMrly H. f. PaxuaHnHoBy l{_npnABopnoMy nogry fI. C. floreuKnny, MacruroMy yqexoMy R. E _A4oaypoBy H 6eanouy apxeorpaey-canoyrxi: ns Taepu ,{. H. KaprrraHoBy. O6ulecraeHHoe ABllxeHHe, Bo3nnrrrree Boxpyr HoBHKoB-
cxoro exeMecsqHnKa, He ocTaBHJro paBHoAylxHbn[n ]r qnTareaefi-paanoqnnqeB. Easa atr uoxHo naftrn raxofi-xn6yAt apyrofi pyccrnfi xypHar XVIII B. co cro.,rb AeMoxparnqHbrM cocraBoM noAnncqnxos. H oro He yAnBrtreJrbno. Tperre cocJro'Brle cnpaBeAJrnBo yBnAero s Hosuxone Bbrpagurerc cBor{x r{HTepecoB. Eenn uuornlr rHTyroBaHHbrM BeJrbuoxau MacoHcKle Saqacryrc npeAcraBnsnHcb Bcero rtulub oqepeAuof, noAnofi 3a6aBofi, To Arfl coren ue[xnx qHHOBHHKOB, Ky[qOB n MacTepoBbrx HapoAHbre yqnrHula, trpnIorbl n 6oatsnUu 6uan rapaxrneft 6oaee cracraxnoro 6y44
Ayrqero nx Aereft, [ocneAHuM y6oKuqeM B cryqae pasopeHllfl, 6ore3Hn, crapocru. flosrouy raxAnfi H3 HItx,6ylr rc npocBeuennHfi usAarerb-KoMMepcaHr C. JI. Konnnn, uacrepa unanepHofi maHyQaKryplr C. B. Kylu'KoB H M. H. IIyrIfiKoB unn ManorpaMorHbre Kynqbl ng 3axoJrycnrofi EnnSaHH, oxorHo BHecJrH nocnnbHya nenry a o6uyn Qn.naHrpon[qecKylo KonunKy. flpnuevarelrHa reorpaQna pacnpocrpaneHnr , IIo poAy Aef,TeJrbHoerH nMeBruux co6crseuHHe runorpaQun. Tpe6oranur xrngnrr BHHyAlrIH npaBr{TeJrbcrso noftrn na ycrynrr{ qacrHoMy Kan[Tany I cQepe, Koropyp oHo no nAeonornqecrclu coo6paxegnfiM croJrb AoJrro srpeMnnocb He BbrrycKarb r{s cBorrx pyx. flpouexyrounofi Qopuoft uexAy KageHHbrMH H BoJrbubrMn craJlr{ rnnorpaQnn, cAaBaBluuecs B apeuAy na o6ycaosneHHbrft AoroBopoM cpor qacrnbrM npeAnpHHHMareJrrM. flepnoft 6rnna orAasa (B coAepxaHr{e) Knnrorop_roaqy Horanny Kapay IIInopy rnnorpa$nr Aptrulepuficroro rr HHxeHepnoro KaAercKoro (opnyca. Oroao 12 ter, c 1773 no 1784 r. oHa nepexoAr{na or o,q,Horo apenAaTOpa K ApyrOMy, noKa co cMeprbro rrccJreAHero tts Hr{x soo6qe He rrpeKparnJra cBoero cyqecrBoBaHnq. B 1778 r. rnQJIqnAcrnfi ypoxeneq Otroc fycran Mefiep Bsrr Ha orKyr ABe Cesarcxne rnnorpaQnn uerep6yprcKyro r{ MocKoBcKyro. Cayxn o BbrnoAax BoirbHoro KHnroneqa"auufl, HecoMHeHHo, AoxoAnnr{ Ao Xepacxosa. OHx n noAcKagang euy BHXOA H3 TpyAHOTO nOJrOXeHHs,
B
KOFOpOM HaXOAnJIaCb
VnnnepcnrercKafl rnnorpaQnq. Ocrasaaocb m.lbKo npoAyuart nan6oJree Bbrrolnble ycJroBr{r ee cAaqr{ ts HaeM u HaMerr{rb KaHAHAarypy 6yayuero coAepxareJrn. Bn6op -n naJr Ha Hosnxosa. fipe4loxexne npfiexaBrueno B 1778 r. lletep6ypr XepacKoBa rpnHffrb B (coAepxanre> VHrsepcnreicKyto ranorpaQun He Monro He yBneqb Hosnxosa. l. KoHeuno, 9To nplr3Hanne cAeJraHo B BecbMa cne[nQuuecxofi o6cranosxe nt[To.rHoro Ka3eMara n KpacKr{ B HeM rBHo cryqeHH, oAHaKo po.nr 6yayurero saxoHoAarenfl JrnTeparypHoro BKyca r{ KpynHoro npeAnpr,rHuMa_ TeJrfl -MerreHara HecoM HeHHo nbcrnJra ca Mo.[p6xro Hosnxosa. Cepreenuu AoBoAoM B nonbsy nepeMeHH Mecra xnreJrbcrsa 6Han Ans HornxoBa He Jrnrrrer{Hbre ocHoBagfis HaaexAbr Ha noAAepxry Bo Bcex ero npocBerHTeJIbHHx u enaan_ TponHqecKHx Haqr{HaHr{tx co cTopoHbr BJIHfiTeJIbHbIX MOCKoBcKrrx caHoBHHKoB. ,(peanaa cronuqa c lerpoBcrux BBeMeH npeBparr{nacb B onJror 4nopnncrofi Qpon4u. Croaa y!.aJrnnvcb sa noxoft onaJIbHHe BpeMeHrrlnKr.r, gAecb HaurJro 48
Anfl ce6fl 6naro4aruyrc florlBy MacoHcrBo. Exarepnna II ue nrc6ura uyunufi ropoA H peAKo 6xsaaa s Mocxne; HaMecrHr{KaM xe HMneparpHIlH soaefi-Hesoreft npHxoAHnocb npI{HopaBnuBaTbct K npurlyAaM MecTHbIX BelbMox, cMoTperb cKBo3b naJIbIlbI Ha Hx 3aren. Arn roro qro6rr rpe3Bo oqeHllrb BbIroAbI, oxnAaeMble or HoBoro ilpeAnpntrltr, Honnxon B Harlare 1778 r- nocBflrr.rJr uecKoJtbKo HeAeJIb gHaKoMcrBy c VHurepcntercxofi tunorpaQxeft. Pesyamaru ocMmpa noArBepAHnI{ ero cauHe xyArxHe noAoSpeHlrfl, oAHaKo n3AareJlb He cnacoBaJl nepeA rpyAHocrnMu. 3anepurua n flerep6ypre sce Heo6xoAHMbIe Qopua;rrnocrlr, oH HaBcerAa nepecennncs Ha poAlrHy I{ 5 llrorq noAnHcaJI c VnnnepcnreroM KoHTpaKT ua l0-aevrsnft cpox (c I uas 1779 r. no I Maq 1789 r.), coruIacHo Koropouy o'6asalcfl 2. B pacnopnxenne apeHAaropa BpeMeHHo [epexoAI'IJIo Bc,e o6opyaonanne runorpaQnu r caosonnrHofi uacrepcroft. Ans ux pa3MelqeHur Vunnepcnrer BbIAenI{JI luecrb KoMHar IT CKNAACKI{C NOMCIIIEHI{fl
B HHT(HEM gTAXC KAMEHHOTO AOMA
BocrpeceucKux Bopor. flpr'reu MarepHaJIoB rlo onl,tcn y HHcrreKropa A. n. flepeaunrnHa . BseAeHlre cAenbulnHlr BMecro rBepAoro oKJIaAa, KaK npaBfi.no, cnoco6craosaro yKp-enneHnK) AHcrrnnJII,IHbI nyqme .nrc6ux [ocyJIoB H yrpos' H Hosuroa crapaJrcfl MarepuaJlbHo saHHrepecoBarb MacTepoBHx B pe3yrbrarax nx TpyAa.
49
OAHa Hs caMbrx BbrroAnbrx AJrfl coAep)Karerq runorpaQun ctareft xoHrpaKra npeAocraBrqna eMy uononollnoe npaBo Ha r.r3Aar{He E paclpocrpaHeHne <MocxoscKr.rx Be,(ouocrefi>, a raKxe Ha B3brMaHHe [JIarbI sa nv6rlrKveMble B HHx (r.. e. uacrnue) o6lqsrenur. Co csoeft croponbl, Honilros o6qsarcs > [eqaTaJlr.rcb <Jlyque H qlrule u 6w"rnr 6u 6onee LrHrepecHbr l,nn ny6.nuxn>. Bunolsenue groro vcJroBufl B KoHeqHoM Lrrore orBeqaJro ero xe co6crseHHHt.t tiHrepecar,a. Pacqeru c apenAaropoM 3a neqaraHne KHHr , T. e. gaxa3Hbrx yHHBepclrrercKr,rx as4aHuft, flporr3BoAr{_ Jrncb no rBepAoft raKce, ycraHoBneHnoft eule s l7T2 r. Teu
caMbrM Vunnepcnrer sacrpaxoBa.[ ce6q or AonoJrunreJrbHbrx pacxoAoB, neng6exnrrx B ycJroBnsx pocra rIeH Ha noJrnrpa-
Quuecroe o6opyaonanne H MarepnaJtbr. B ro xre npeux Hono cBoeMy ycraHoBr.rrb Ileubr Ha rnnorpaQcrre pa6orn, BbrnoJrrrflBrrrfiecg AJrfl qacrHbrx .TIHII 3, a raKxe r{gAaBarb KHHru co6crsengblM ltxntlBeBIIKOB nMeJr npaBo
sneu. l0 9K3. Kax(Aoro HoBHKoBcKoro H3AaHnx (n 15 axs. <MocxoscKux ne4ouocreft>) 6essosrv{esAHo npeAocraBrq.nncs VHfisepcnrery. Kponae roro, coAep)KaTeJrb innorpaQnn 6nln o6ssaH neqararb ga ceoft cqer Arff rocnoA r(yparopoB no 200 exs. pe,refi npoQeccopoB Ha ropxecrBeunbrx aKrax w loAHocnbrx oA carre.nbgnu oco6aM, a raKxe ornycKarb EM no ce6ecrouMocrn , seo6xoAllutrx Ailn coBep[IeHcrBoBaHHg B HayKax rHMHagLtcTOB H CryAeHroB.
Exero4naq apeHAHaff ilIIara nepBoHarrajrbno cocraBJIflra py6., Bbr[JraqnBaprqypcq - 4500 Vunnep'cnrery B ABa cpoKa. Teu ne MeHee ynnBepcarercKoe
He3Har{nTer'rbHyro cyMMy
HaqaJrbcrBo 6u.no paAo H_raKoMy cr(poMHoMy AoxoAy.
lloAnucas KoHrpaKr, H_osuxos noryrrar Ha l0 ner VHunepcnrerh, norlsosasuerocr KaK noJryaBToHoMHoe yqpex(AeHne HeKoroptilulr oco6umn (n
o6.nacrn cyAe6noft, ueHeypnoft H xogqficrseHHoft) npasaur H npHBHJIerr4flMn. Sro, xoHeuHo, He us6annsno eno or ueH_ 3ypHbrx orpaHnqeHtft, o6tsare.nbHbrx AJrff Bcex pyccKHx rn_
norpaQzfi. . H sce-raxlr y Hoauxona 50
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ilMeJILICb BCe OCHOBaHHfl paCCqLITHBarb Ha TO,
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pyccrorta KHHXHoM penepryape, YX€ AosoalHo o6rurrprroM K ToMy BpeMeHI,t, 6Jrnsxfie eMy lro Ayxy cor{uHeHnff u nr{poKo pacilpocrpaHltrb Hx cpeAn qurarculefi ny6nnrn. _ Ha onure cBoltx nepBblx H3AareJIbcKI'Ix [peAnpusrufi Hosltxor y6e4nncr B ToM, qro ocyuecrBJleHne croJlb rpauI{e no lneqy oAAHo3HrilX npOCBeTIITeJIbHbIX SaMHCJIOB 'BHO c VxrnepcnHoMy treloBexy. H ue cayvafiHo B eno AoroBope TeroM cneqlraJlbHo 6H,tc orosopeHo rlpaBo apeHAaropa npnruIa'Iuarb <x ce6e B coroBapnuu t npHKa[IHKH>> Koro oH
saxoqer. Cyaa no nllcbMy Hosuxosa x fl. V. Eyaraxony or 2l anpe.na 1779 r., oH npmItJI B Aonlo rpex cBoI'Ix npnsJe.nefia.-Hx HMeTIa Ao cnx nop ocralorcfl Hen3Becrsuun' OAr{aKo, yqr,rrbrBafl aKTHBHyK) noAAepxKy, KoTopyrc oKaSaJI Ha nepBbrx nopax Honurony oAIlH Its BJlnflreJlbHeftruux uacoH,cKr,rx Ha'qaJIbHI,IKos H. n. Erarrn, Aeno 3Aecb, KoHeqHo, se o6ourrocs 6es yuacrnn 6patnea-KaMeHurI{KoB. flporeruun nerep6ypncKux u MocKoBcKI'Ix Ma'couoB, oxa3aHrras Hotuxony, HH s roeft Mepe He yqeMnffna Ka3enHbrx HHTepecoB, KaK BnocJIeAcrBlrH yrBep)Iqanu eno Bpar[. Vc;toBLrfl ,cor,'Iauegns 6u;m BSaHMoBLilroAHtr o6euu cropoHaM. Eonee rofo, AoroBop c HonuxoBblM npaKTI'IqecKI'I craJl >, rIoBTOpqtCb llortTll cJIoBo B CJIOBO npH 3aKnIOrIeHnU KOHTpaKTOB c HOBbIMI{ apeHAaTopaMn yHrBepcnrercroft tnnorpaSlrn. fl p uHa n s a ce6 s IIeJIeTKI'Ie o6ng a nnocrn yH I{BepcI{TercKoro , Honnxos .He cql{TaJlcfl HH c KaKIMI{ sarparault. Orolo 20 rnc. py6., aupyueHHblx or npoAaxr ol'qoBcKoro HMeHHs s MeuloscxoM ye3.u,e, ytunn Ha saMeny ycrapeBuero rnnorpa$cxoro o6opyAoBanI'Is, BbIn[cKy u3-3a rpauuubl HoBbIx tupuQmn, noxynlry 6lnrarn, KpacKn' _croJrflpnoro H cnecapHoro HncrpyMeura. 9ru xeprBbl ue 6u;tl't Hanpacunun. Vxe r I(oHIIy 1780-x rr. VuHnepcnrercras runorpaQHst no cBnAeTenbcl?y coBpeMeHHIrKOB' HH B qeM He ycryflana ryrrtunM nonnrpaapnqecKuM npeAnp[srnsu Esponu 5. ' He Menbrue xronorr ueu nepeo6oPyAoBanl{e rnnorpaQnn, AocraBnsrfi Hoaurouy ee pa6mnnxn. , tlo croBaM ero 6norpaea, , Kopper(r_opo n HsaH a au apenxora ( I 279--l Z8O rr. ), Mn-Kp x?\Ia Konrena (1782-1784 rr.) u. Mnxau;la Cainxoga
(l7M-t789 rr.).
C xaxAuu roAoM a4MnnscrparfiBrrue o6ssaxnocru craHoBnrncb sce 6onee o6peuennrelbrruMn Anr Honnxosa. z. fleproe BpeMfi rroucrrrHe HeouerflMyro nououlb HonrxoBy oKa3HBan ero nepnuf,_Apyr n eAnnolrnrrrJrenrrnx trpo$ec-
eop Haan fprropuennu IIIbapu, Ao6poBonbno npnnrniunfi sa ce6s Aorxrrocrb (HaAsllparenff) ga ynnBepcflrercrnxrr KHr.rxHbrM r{ Jr aBKaMu n .cx.rraAaMn ( uarasuuarn) .,(pyxr6y n AoBeple MexAy Hltut{ He Morurn noxo.le6arr HHKaKue RclHTannf,.9ro 6ruo rrsBesrHo nceu. Teu c 6oarmefi peruurerbHocrbro Honfixos orBepr lpeAJroxeune 6patren 'uo opaeny nepeAarb lllnapuy Vnnrepcurercryro irnoI ynpaBneHne rpaeup. (tsxertr nopyqHTb exy xe Aena tnnorpaenvecKHe,-pa3t.f,efif,n apeHAarop cBoK) no3rtq,Rx),-TO On croJrb o6peuennrcr, sro HeBo3uoxno ery 6yler rcero ncnoJrHnrb, u6o s nopyqerHne yxe T€rrepb exy Aerra enorb ooulnpxbr, qro eABa .rrll He nce safiuyr eno Bpeut, xoTt 9tt) gacTb TonbKo; I( TOMy x(e, KaxeTqE [tre, rrTo no TIIIoerf, ero HpaBa u nexsofi qyacrBrrrerbuoc?r, f,e roxer oH c noJrbgox) ncrpaBr{rb cue Aerro... B cnorpennn sa nrnorpaQcxurn 4eJraMH rraBnefiruee n 6ecnorofinefiruee gsrb rro, sm 6ecnpecranno rruerb cuorpenne sa pa6ovnun JrK),qbrR, sm6u orf,n npaxoAnnn na pa6mrr, cro6Dr rlctrpaBno pa6maan n sro6H 52
He 6H.'ro Kpax E HanpacHorlo reAJ[eBEt II ocraEoBKa B Aeae>E. CJrosa Honnrosa oKa3arHcb trpopoqecKnxn. Dpexr HenocunbHbrx sa6or n roHeHRfl rporo HeApyra xacogoB-
yHuBepcl{rercKono Kypampa Vl: V. Me.irccnuo cBe,In Illaapua 17 Qenpaar 1784 r. B Horrny. Iopaeao_6oaee noAxoArulHM Ant p(Mn ynPaBnnloqero rHnorpa(pHer oKa3anct c yAo6nocrbn Moxno c yBepetrHocrblo cKa3arb' qro Hoalrxosa B Te roAbr crtacro or $nnaucoBoro KPaxa roJIbKo ero yAItBrmeJIbHoe
yMeHne HaxoAHTb (COqyBCTBeHHIIKOB>, TOTOBbIX MaTepnanb-
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53,
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crpax, a ga coBecrr. Kax cBnAgreJrbcrByror Ao[reArrrr{e Ao Anefi 4oryuentu, Honlxon 6Hcipo cyMeJr safirn nepnufi noAxoA K raKHM [oJregHbrM AJrr ero rtpeAnpllflTlls nnAsM, xax A. T. Eonmos, M. 14. Bepesxun n'B. A. JIennruH. KoseqHo, MexAy Hr.rMr.r cnyqanr{cD HeAopa3yMeHHr, !l 3a
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neo6xoAuuocrb nepexoAa Bcex crpaH K yMepeHHHM, KoHcr[ryrlr{oHHur*r QopuaM npaBneHHn. Cyan no AoureAuHM Ao Hac cBeAenllflM, HoBHKoBcKHe KHHrn 6ucrpo HarrrJtn cBoHx aApecaroB. cCJrasHuur nortlTtlqecKnM nltcareJreM Ha3bIBaJr JI. A. Myparopu, aBropa cPaccyx4eHut o 6.naroAencrsnn o6uexapo4nor'r> (1780), peuen3enr ero KHI{rr F. JI. Epafi' xo27. He uenuuefi nonynflpnocrbr,o B pa3Hoqnnnofi cpe4e u y Qponaupynurero ABopflHcrBa noJrb3oBaJrcs rpaKrar V. D.narctona B nepesoAe C. E. AecHnuroro u A, M. bpnnueaa (1780-1782). flo4ueprnyro axaAeunqecxufi ron 3roro coqnHenlts He cKpHn or quTareneft axrnsHoft Henpnrsntl yqeHoro-topHcra x a6co.nprHslrry. Haaanafl KHHry E.nexcroHa co6ctgeHHbilu HxAnBeHHeu, Exarepuna II He oxHAaJIa, qro oHa craHer onacHHM opyxHeM B pyKax ee caMHx HenpHMtlp,HMbIx nAefinux npornBnnKoa-A. H. Paluqesa n @. B. Kpeue' toBa2E.
Jln6epanunfr xauyQanx,nepBbtx ner
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ro qapcrBoBan[fl no3BoJIt{JI Hoanxoay 6ecnpenatcrBenno Bunycrnrb B cBer Kypc nexunfi npoQeccopa'Macona fl. U. lllxefiaepa <Paccyx4eHnq Ha MoxrecxneBy KHnry ,,O pasyue 3aKoHoB"> (17821, a ulecrb ner cnycrn-ocr'
pufi noaurnqecxnfr nquQ4el_aaBnero Koppe_cnouAenra pycLroft uuneparpntlbl H. f. Ilnurrrepuana 2e. 3ra Qopr*ly.nnpoexa npaxAaHcKHx 4o6po4ereleft 6u.na HacroJlbKo euxoft H npnBneKarenrHoft Anfl KaxAoro npocBeqenHoro qeJIoBeKa, qro caMa Erarepnua II e nnclMe lluurrrepmauy or 29 su' Bapfl 1789 r. nocneurnJla o6tqsnrr ce6n ' KaK ExarepuHa ueH3opaM.
npeA.nara.rr apxltenucKon fllaroH, oAHaKo crpeMneHue Heu3BecTHOIO aBTOpa npoTI{BOnOCTaBHTb Tpyx(eHHKOB-KpecTbqH TyHesAuaM B KOpOHaX H pqcax e4Ba nH ocTaJIOCb He3aMeqeHHbIM eracrqMH It qfiTareJltulls2. soruHoirn: [Iseqns n llleefiuapnf,, HaceJIeHHHe cso6oAHslMtt or xpenocrHoft 3aBncltMocrl'1, 6oratuuu u rpy4o.llrc6nnuuu xp-ecrbtHaM[. Ornpaalnncl e flerep6ypr,-repoft ueuraJr o Bcrpcqe c npocoerrtenuoft HMneparpuueft, 4aponau' ueft caoeuy HapoAy MyApble 3aKoHH. flyreurecrsne no Pocclil.r 3acraBHJIO ero yMepHTb nepBoHaqanbHbre BocToprn' Pycct (1783). OnoasaRcu nporrB 6es6oxnr, QrlocoQu-rynaHncrbt anerrnpoBarn He rotbro x uyncray, Ho H K pa3yMy qeroBeKa.
91
KareropnuecKlt He npeeMJlfl aren3M, Hosuxos coxpaHsJI HesaBucuMocrb cyxAeHuft, unpoty B3rJIfl,q,oB, yBaxeHue K MHeHr.rto I{HaKoMblcnflulux.
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penepryape. flpusHanas 3a KaxALilM qeJIoBe_KoM npaBo ne' qararb KHI{rH no co6crseHHoMy eu6opy, Hoguxos seHo npeAnoquran yMepeHHo_crb H repnuMocrb cJIe[oMy QaHarnsuy (nycrocBtron>. 3ry no3llunlo npocBeqennHx I'IAearncr6s qeuo ctpopuylnpoaa.rr repoft HpaBoyrlurelluofi noeecrn Borltepa . s. fpxn* npnMepoM npocBerl'IreJlbHblx renAenqufi, cyqepyccKoro MacoHcrBa' MoxeT cnyxHTb cTBOBaBmI{x B cpeAe xounanuefi KHnra Tun6ipaQxqecroft HafleqaraHnas Vl. fl. Spyxxepa I{r}r rpy6uft o6r*ran. Bucoxyto oueHKy nonyqunl{ s gro-ft KHI{re TPyau du.nocodos-uaiepnalncrds AeMoKpBra n 9nuxypa, Eoxoia u Bfyno, fo-06ca u .Ilefi6Hnqa' 3auernm' qro I{MeHHo saecu p|6cxnfi qutarenb BnepBHe no3HaKoMI{Jlcn c 6norpa$uefr T. KaunaneJlJtbl, aBropa yronnqecxoro rpaKrara o d Fopoae Co,nsua. .borpaqenHar ncropur Qruroco$un) He 6nla oryuafiHbtM sBJIeHHeM B HOBHKOBCKOM penepryape' o qeM cBnAereJr bcrBvtor M HoroqucreHnHe crarbn, ny6.rl uxoBaBIuI{ecF H a <MocxoscKoro exeMecqqnoro H3AaHHq) (1781) "torrntiax H'xypHana pyccKoro pycconcra, cryAenra Mo(
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xypnaros JI. fl. AasuaoBcKoro (1782). B rou xe roay ,[,pyxecKoe yqeHoe o6uecrso nepensAano MopanbnHe HacraB.rreHnn Ens aHourec?Ba nerep6yprcroro Macona A. A. Apreurera n,[[yua 4o6po4ete.nu), noJrbsoBaBurnecfl 6o,nuuofi nonynspHocrbn y .lntarenefi-pa3noql,tnues. CracKr.rx
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Co6creenHo 6oroc.rroscxas nurepa?ypa 6u;ra npeAcraBB HOBUKOBCKOM penepTyape MHOTOqnCJIeHHbTM|I COrrHHeHLrffMr.r (1783) nnn ( I 784), paccy,xAeHlle ero^ Qpa,HuyscKoro nocreAoBareaa JL K. ae CeH-Mapresa (1780t789). kls&asan HacraBJIeHns no ceJrbcxouy xosaficrBy, Mnororo-Mgyro grqnKJroneAnrc .rloMoBoatrsa X. (1789) n noBapeHHue xHilrn, Hoirxos 104
opHeHrr.tpoBarce Ha BCe Kareropr{H pyccKr{x qHrarenefi. Oco_ ooe Mecro cpeau cnpaBoqHbrx noco6nfi 3afiHMaJtH K. f. .Ilnaoanua ( lTgd) H ceur{Tounufi xounepqecxaft >. ECJIH oH BI{AeJI, qro noKynare"ru nu6ltpaer (1786), (17g6) 'H <PaccrpoenHaff ceMbr) (1788). 3pure;ru cMesJn{cb na1 3JroKJuoqennflMr{ npocraron, o6uaHyrbrx r.r o6o6paunbrx Ko_ BapHbrMH rIIapnaTaHaMI{, oAHaKo 9TO He Meuato uM noKy_ naTb HoBIIKOBCKHe u3AaHItr, a (HecqacTHbrM XeDTBaM) Macrepa KoaosnoHa no_-rpexHeMy rqeApo QunaHcdpoBarb ero npocBerHrerbHHe H er.In aHrponnqecKHe npeAnpr.rrrr{r. Anrnuaconcxne nacrpo-ennn rrMneparpnr{br ycuneHHo noAorpeBann MHoroqncnennHe Bparn rr 3aBr{crnr{rn HosHxoaa. flep_n_nMr{ npornB pyccroro flpocBernTenr abrcrynnnn nesynrbr. 9epHufi opA€H, npnrperufi Erarepnnoft Ii n ee caHoBHHKaMH, HaBoAHr.t.[ B KoHue XVIII B. BcK, poccnro cBoHMH IIril[oHaMH n corJrffAaraflMil. Vrposaun H .rrecrbto, noAKyIIaMH r{ ruaHTaxoM oH-tt nonyqHnn Bo3MoXHOCTb qepe3 BJIHsreJIbHbrx noKpoBurgreft aKTHBHo BJrItrb na pyccxne rocyAapcrBenHbre 4ena. floerouy Mox<no npe,qcraruii ce6e,
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AJIn He3yHToB ny6'nnxauu* crarbh o raftHoft uiropnu Hx opAeHa' HcnonlgosaB Bce cBolt cBfl3H' He3ylrrbl Ao6unucl ros$ucxauuu'HoM€PoB HoBHKoBcKoro xvp"a.nu 7. O6ucr B HoBHKoBcKnx KHHxHblx JraBKax He onpaBAan oxHAasufi ero BparoB. Tpyano renepb cKa3arb, Hosnxon rH
ycnen noAroToBr.rTbcs K npHxoAy nonnqHn, UJ[y! pyKoBoAHBurnft o6ucxoM MocKoBcxnft npoxypop A. A. Tefilrc He saxorer ry6nrn craporo npnqrerr, oaHaKo Hn o.rlHo r.r3AaHHe, HaneqaraHnoe s rafiHoft uacoHcxoft rnnorpaQnn, B pyKH sracreft He nonaJro. flocHraq I xneapn 1786 r. rpaQy A. A. Ses6opoAKo cocraBneHnyro Tefiatcou onncb KHHr, npoAaBaBrxltxcr y Hosnrosa (nce onn, xar BHtcHHJrocb, npounn (eusypy), Mocroscxnfi rnaBHoKoMan4yuqnft f. A. Eprcc tAoBHTo, xorr H He oqeHb rpaMorno, nucaJr: , gaflBnJ', qTo (Bce nerIaTaHHbIe KHItru> H3 (efo rnnorpaQnN 6uau npe4craBJrreMH nM AJts paccMarpuBanns onpeAeneHHbrM oT npaBHTenbcTBa qeH3opaM, no Ao3BoneHHn Kolrx H neqaraJl, noqnraff, B paccyxAenun l.tx o4o6pennn, noJle3HHMr{, n npH neqaTaHHH KHIrr Apyroro HHKaKOTo HaMepeHlf, He r.rMeJr, KpoMe npuo6perennR npn6u.nn>10. PaccMoTpeHne HoBr{KoBcKHX KHnr SaTsHynocb qyTb nn He Ha ABa Mecflqa. Bce sro apeMr KnuxHHe JraBK[ Hoanro-
sa 6bu[ 3arreqaranbr noanquefi. Kasaaocl 6sr, Exarepune
cneAoBano AoxAarbcs orstr'Ba fl.naroHa o KHHrax npexAe, qeM npoAonxaru 6opl6y c Hoanxonuu. O4naKo oHa rrpeAnoqra He repflrb BpeMeHn. 20 aneapn no ee pacnopflxeur.rK) MocKoBcKaff ynpaBa 6naroqnsnn norpe6onala y Bcex BnaAenbqeB BoJrbHbrx rnnorpaQnfi nqAnncKy B roM, rrro oHH o6asyrcrcn noA crpaxoM cypoBoro HaKagaHr{r He neqararb HnKaKr{x xnur 6eg oAo6pesus Ayxoanofi tl csercrofi rleH3ypnll. O4xoBpeuenuo c ernu npinurearcTBo npr{Hrno gKcrpeHHHe MepH no ycHneHr.rro rleH3ypHoro HaA3opa [raA nerepoyprcKuMn H npoBr.tHrtnarbnbrMn rnnorpaenrun. Ornuse KaxAaf, Kntlra, r.r3AaBaeuafl B croJlr{qe, AonxHa 6u.na nolyvum o4o6penne oAHoro H3 nRTH AyxoBHHx r{eusopoB-ap-
xnMaaAprrron BocrpecencKoro uonac?brpfl Anoa.ioca, K'asaHcxo-CnaccKofo Bnxnqcr6ro - feAeoua, - Hnsoxeurr{fl, Kupu;taona Hnxoaaa n Ceprueaofi nycrbrnu Maxa-
pnf,t2. flepenyra uHoe rpmHbrMt{ yKasauu npa BnrenbcrBa MecrHOe Haqa.rrbcTBo BceMH cpeAcTBauH [penflTcTBoBano SaBegTr{x noreHqnaJrbHHx paccaAleHuro HoBbrx rnnorpaQHfi nr.rKoB KpaMonH.
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ExarepnHa II nonuralacb oAHr{M pocqepKoM nepa cBecrH Ha Hgt Dce ilgAarenbcKrre nJraHH HosHrosa. Tar nor. BttJrcr B cBer noAnucannnft erc 23 ffrBapf, 1786 r. yxas CeHa?y, KoropHM sanpeqanocb (B xaxofi 6u ro ns 6n.no ny6lu,*roft nrH qacrgoMy rrenoBeKy npunaAnexaqefi csercroft runorpaQnn neqararb n [sAaBarb KHnrn, Kacatou,nect Ao Bep_br, saKoHa 6oxr{r, ToJrKoBaHnfi ero u aoo6ure AyxoBHne>. HsAarerflM, Aep3HyBrrrHM HapytunTb oro pac[ophxe!rre, Huneparpnrla yrpoxana , urpaQou B pa3Mepe 200 py6. fl, HaKo[eq, JrnureHHeM . K paa_ prAy(cyMHr.tre.rrbHbrx>6uln orHeceuu roJrbKo ABaArlarb TpH Krll,Irn, oAHaKO H OHI{ BbIUIJIH B CBeT C CO6nIoneHI,leM BCeX,.IleH3ypHbrx Qopuanruocrefi, ycraHoBneHHbrx 3aKor{. HOM
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.ng. VrasoM nMneparpr{(bl eMy 3anpeulanocb B[peAb neqaTaTb MacoHcKHe TpyAbI, 15. Teu camuu 6u.lnr cosAaHbt ropuAurrecKue npeAnocunKr.r Ans AaJrbHefturnx roseunfr Ha MacoHoB. Hosnxos xe, KaK BbrqcHnrocb [o3AHee, yxe TorAa cHrpan Ha pyKy cBoHM BparaM, yralrB or noJrnur.tn qacrb rnpaxeft sanpeuleHHHx KHHr, xorg H Aan 6 anpern noAnncKy B ToM, r{To y Hero Hx 6oruure He HMeercr. ExarepnHnncrnft yKa3 cnoco6crsosaa 3HaqHreflbHoMy noBbrrrreHnro ponn AyxoBHofi rlensypH. Kax cBnAerenbcrByer AoueAuar Ao Haurnx 4Heft qeneypHafl BeAoMoCrb 3a 17861787 n., cocraBJreHHas MocKoBcKHM HryMeHoM Mouceeu (fynn.neocxr.ru), nepenyrannbre H3AarenH ttpugocnrn Ha npocMoTp B AyXoBHyIo KoHCnCTOpHIO He TOJTbKO COqnHeHHr, (Kacapulnect Ao Bepbt lr 3aKona 6oxng>, Ho H qncro cBercKHe KHHrH: fouepa, yue6nur MareMarnKH E. [. BoftrrxoBcKoro, B. I. Bopo6nescroro. Hs 165 oAo6penHbtx Mouceeu K neqarr.r KHr{r ro.rrbKo oAHy rperb (58 Haanannft),,ua n ro c 6oruuofi sarrxroft, MoxHo HagBarb AyxonHuul.r16. O6aeqeHnue BbrcoKHMr{ noJrHoMoqHrMH qeH3opH B MoHauecKnx ptcax noKa3aJru ce6a xyAa 6onee KoMnereHTnbtMr.r H npucrpacrnHMu {rac[TeJrrMu] KpaMonH, qeM Hx noanqeftcKn€ KonJrern. Heualo pyccKr{x aBropoB H nepeBoAqHKoB r{MeJrn B Te AHH cayuaf, y6e4nrrcn, qto 6ecneqaJrbHble BpeMeHa (BoJrbHbrx uyApcrnonannfi> MHHoBanr{. floA.lrr.rnnoft uaxoAxoft Anr BparoB MacoHoB 6Hao Hosoe nepnoAnqecKoe corrgHenne <EeceAH c 6orou>, HaneqaranHoe B ionqe l78Gn. TnnorpaQnqecroft xounasneft 6eg <sn3br) Monces. He ycneJro oHo notBuTbcfl B cBeT, KaK BeSAeCylItne AoHocqHKU nocneuruJrn AoHecrH o HeM Exarepnne II. flo pacnoprxeHun ceKperaps nMneparpr{uu npaQa A. A. Ees6opoAKo, HonuroBa Bbl3BarH 3 aexa6pn B MocKoBcKyn Vnpany 6larouuHut, norpe6ooao npeAts_BnTb 3aKrpqeHne AyxoBHbrx qeH3opoB o6 grou )t(ypnane. Kax nuncsrlocu, Moncefi Aeficrgnrsrlno He qeH3ypoBan , oAHaKo u ua cefi pag norrrunr He HaruJra a AeftcrsHsx Hosnxosa Hhqeno npornBo3aKoHHoro. fleqaranue , r.t3AaBaBuruxcs H. M. KapaM3HHHM (a He Hosnronuu!) u oAo6peHHux nonnqueficrepoM E. fl. OcrpoBcKHM, Haqarocb 3aAoJtro Ao BcrynneHr.rr B cuny HoBbtx qen3ypHbrx ycraHoe.nennfi. Eolurue roro, HoBr.tros sa6naroBpeMeHHo npenoAHec nepByro qacrb xypH_ana apxnenr.rcKony llaarony, H ona ero anpo6aqnn. He sr.rAc ocHosaHHfi Anr sanpeqeHur KapaMKHHX(HyK) JraBKy,
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rHrb AerreJrbnocrb KJtnHqoBcKoft rnnorpa$iln ll yHUqrox]rrb ee n3AaHn8, cnyxaullte 18. Moxso He coMHeBarbcr, rrro Exarepuna II snuruaremno npoqnTana AoneceHne ,[,anaacxnna. Tenept, KorAa B ee pyKr.r nonaJl croJlb [plrMeqarentHufi .qoxylrtenT, oHa MorJIa cMeJro, He oflacatcb ynpeKoB co cTopoHH AyxoBeHcTBa, noAnncarb 122
27 nnln 1787 r. yKa3, 3anpeuasunfi neqararb B cBeTcKl.tx rnn_o_rpaQnax KHHrH AyxoBHoro coAepxaunaIe.
ldtax, MnororerHHft xonQ.nnrr MexAy AyxoBnbrMrt I{ cBercKuMIt BJracrrMu, KagaJlocb 6u, paspeuruncq K o6rqeMy yAoBnerBopeHup. OAsaro, KaK BcKope craJro r{3BecrHo, KaxAas H3 BHCOKHX AOrOBapr{BaK}Ulxxcq cropoH nocTapanacb lrcToJrKoBaTb noJrox(eHHfl 9Toro yKa3a B BbrroAHoM AJrr{ ce6n uanpaBJreHHH. B.nacru, or ye3AHoro HcnpaBHHKa Ao cauofi nMneparpnubl, npogBr.tnlr
yAHBr,tTenbHyIo. cHr.tcxoAHTerbHocTb
K
<pac-
KO.IIbHHKAM).
flo.ryuHn r oxra6pe 1787 r. yraa CuHoAa o6 ocsr.rAereJrbcrBoBaHHn KJrHHqoBcKr{x rHnorpaQnfi, enncxon Hlapnou
Bo3JroxHJr gry Ml{ccnr} Ha rpex o6paeonaHnbtx cBffuleHHHKoB, oAHaKo cBercKne ueH3opH, noAKynJreHHue crapoo6pqAqaMH, cAenaJIH Bce Ans roro, uro6sr noMeruarb ux pa6ore. Tqrrxo nocJle AoJrrHx npoBonoqeK nonHr{Hs B npr.rcyTcrBHH nocraHuea HlapnoHa npon3Bena o6ucrn y KnHHrloBcKr{x r{3Aare-
nefi. Kar H cneAoBano ox(HAarb, Kyrnlbr ycneJrn yxe HaAexHo npllnpflrarb craHKH, rupn$ru u 6oroc.lryxe6nue xnn-
rn. B pyrn noJrnrlr.rx rronaJtr{ BnoJrHe HeBr.rHHbre 6yxoapu, Ho I{ oHLr 6nan nosrpauleHbr BJIaAeJIbIIaM Ha roM ocnoBaHnr.r, q?o HgAareJrH Hanerrararr{ Hx c pa3peuenun sracrefi 3aAonro Ao Bcryn.leunr B cnny HoBbrx rlen3ypHbrx ycranoaaenHft.
flponnna B Knr.rnrroBcKoM Aene croJrb ueo6nunyrc AJrF Hee npnBepxexuocrb K TorrxoMy co6ltoAeHnto Ayxa n 6yxsu 3aKoHa, r{Mneparpr{rra Haqncro ga6u.na o6 eteuenrapnofr cnpaBeAnuBocrr.r, KaK roJtbKo xeprBaMa nonn[eficxoro npoH3BoJra cratn MacoHbr. B or.nnque or MHorHx ceKperHbrx aKuufi npaanreJrbcrBa, yxas 1787 r. r{Men AoBorbHo rullporufr o6qecrBeHHuft peronanc. TpyaHo 6u,no npoeecrn noBceMeclHoe ocBnAereJrbcrBoBaHne BoJIbHbrx rnnorpaQuft lI KHLtxHHx JraBoK c nocneAyorqeft KoH0ncxaqneft > KHLrn, (He AeJrafl o ceM HHKaroft paaraacKu>, KaK npeAnncuBarocb B pacnopsxenlrflx Cr.rnoAa20. He npom;ro il noJrroAa, KaK B cQepy Aeficrslln eKarepunnHcKoro yra3a oKasaJrucb
BT'HyTHMT{ B KaqeCTBe COrJIflAaTaeB HJ|H nOAHaA3OpHbrX corHn .np.qefi Bo Bcex Konqax Pocclur. Kax H cJIeAoBaJro oxr.rAarb, noHcKH llsAarerefi n pacflpocrpaHnTe;refr crapoo6pr4vecrux Knr.rr Be,'rncb no;nruuefr roJrbKo paan npoQopMu. Hu Arq Koro He 6ulo cercperou, qTo caMbrMn onacHHMn BparaMu BepH r.r llpecToJla, c To'{KH spennn uMneparpr.rubr, f,BJrrJu{cb MocKoBcxue maconu. flogroMy Ay)coBHble H cBercKHe qHHoBHHKT{ cnpaBeAnHBo pacqeHHJtr{ eKarepnnrrncxnft
yxas rax neo6xoAnMocrb
l,tso6Jrn123
ItllTb l{ cypoBo noKapaTb gTl|x HoBoqBreHHbtx cenTerefi cMyrH. noJi-ytrnB oAHHM ll3 nepBHx npeAnr.rcag[e CnHoAa 0-6
ocBnAereJrbcrBoBann[ runorpaQnft u KHHxHHX JraBoK, Mocxoscrnft rJraBnoKoManlynunft fI. .tL. EponKHH Tyr xe BH3Bar K ce6e 4yxonHbrx ueH3opoB AJts nepeAaqn ueo6xoAnuux noanouoqHft n rucrpyrqnfr, a qepe3 HeAerp, 9 anrycra 1787 t., Ha3naqnr lru B nououlb, no peKoMeHAaqnH Mecrnoro nolruueftcrepa n. n. loAenHa, caMbrx onHrHHx cbrull,lKoB-npncraBa yronoBnux AeJr Vnpasu 6aaro'{nH[g HaaBopHo-r-o coBerHHKa Xlunna n ye3Anoro crprnttero KyaoMHHa. [-(elsrx ABa Mecfl[a HnKro s Mocxse He roproBan KHnraMH. Jlanxy sa laaxofi, AoM 3a AoMoM rulareaunb o6ucKHBarH eKarepilHuncKne qeH3opbt. B Vnpany 6laroqnnnr ggosrrn]rcb.ropH xonQr{cKoBanHbtx xuur. CyAn no orqery trponKnna, MocKoBcKar nornunr n3brJra n oxrn6pe 1787 r. o6palqex_r.rs 106 237 PY6.2r
He _
6olee 300 us4aHnfi Ha o6ruyn
cyMrry
Marepnaatnufi yruep6, HaHecennbrfi noauqnefi Honuxoey H ero KoMHccHoHepaM, 3HaqHTerbHo lrpeBHuan cToHMocTb xonQncronanHbtx no yKa3y Exarepnuu II xnnr. Hecxo.lrsxo MecflqeB MocKoBcKne rnnorpaQnu H KHHxHHe JTaBKH npaKTNqCCKH HE NPI,IHOCHJIH HIKAKHX AOXOAOB CBOT{M BJIAAEJIbU,AM,
o6gsaHnulr, HeB3ilpat Ha 9To, cBoeBpeMeHHo pacnnaqnBarb-
cr c KpeAltropaMrl. Xaoc n 3anycreHfie rlapxnn B rnnorpaQrflI, KHH)KHan roproBns npfiuna B ynaAoK. cB.repacr, coo6qaa flp]rflrelto o neqaJrbnoM noJroxeHlln Ae,r y HornKoBa oAnH n3 ero axrnsneftunx corpyAnnKoB M. H. BepeBKr{H, noryqnn fl nr{cbMo ot 6Hsurero y -MeHfl nncqa, - KoppeKropou g VHusepcnrercroft rnnorpaQnu. qro HbrHe llHueT oH Ko
MHe
or
HMeHt,t KoMaHAnpa cBoero
r-Ha Hosn-
KoBa, MexAy npoqnM, Bor rtro... flo HuennoMy yKa3y BcflKr{e TaK[e KHurH, rAe'TonbKo ecrb cJIoBo ,,60r", roHQncrynrcn, cneAoBarenbHo, r{ Mara3nHH c KHnraMH s rarosoft cyMflTr{ue, rITo HHKTO He 3Haer, rAe KaKyIO KHHry CHCKarb. llOVetrty H npoorr MeHr r-H Hoa[xos Aarb eMy BpeMfi B paccqere co MHOK) tl B AeHbrax H B KH[nax, MHe noIyrIHTb OT HeIO CJIeAyloullrx>22.
I(ar nu4Ho H3 cnoB BepenxnHa, MocKoBcKHe qen3opbl ornecJrucb K cBonM o6Rsansocrnu QopualbHo, 3aHocfl B pa3pffA (cyMHnTeJIbHbrx> rryTb nn He Bce cBeTcKHe n3AaHHff coqnsexufi AyxoBHofo xapaKTepa, nonaAaBurue HM B pyKt{. JHaKoMcrBo co cnHcKoM Hgtrrbrx noanqnefi KHr{r, nocnanttuu EponrnnHu 28 orrn6pa 1787 r. s CHHoA, flBHo pa3oqapoBano [Mneparprruy. CraBneHHnKH fllarona as6o se noHsJut, .nr6o ne gaxoreJrtl nonfrb cMHcJra ee pacnoptxet21
unfi. Brrrecro Toro, qro6u opnaH[3oBafb noHcRH ganperHux MncrxqecKux coqr{Hen[ft u rrsAaHufr raftnofi uacoaciofr rn-
norpaQnn, ontr Hcrparnntr Maccy BpeMeH[ H cuJr Ha xoHeucKaunto BnoJrHe HeBHHHbtx as6yx u oroaapeft, rnopeCufi orrtoB rIepKBH n c6opnnroB AyxoBHHx crgxos Jlouonbcosa u Cyuapoxora. flerep6yprcKne qeH3opu MoHa- apxr{MaHApnr lOprena glsps A$anacufi r pexrop Aaexcan4pon-escxofr ceMrnapnrl 3^*:-:g:.1_ _T?9""gl :g. 6o1ee cin:HHyro nepamopon-
(lt[arerbgo> oOHcKaB c noanqeftcKnMu npncraBaMn KHHX(HHC JIABKN AABHl{X HOBHKOBCKHX KOIIHCCHOHEPOB K. B. Mnaaepa, C. 6yvuna, M. OsqHHxHKoBa n H. i,tra's) Hocrb.
HoBa, oHH
o6napyxnnn y HHx roJrbKo oany (!) 4eficranreal-
Ho MncrnqecKyn KHnry - rpaKTar ,{,. MeftcoHa (M., 1783)23.
Becrr c Mecr roxe
He paAoBann Exarepuny
II. flpornn-
UHaIbHbIM IleH3OpaM He_ yAanOCb O6xapyxnrr nn O.qHOfi eanpernoft KH[rr{ _Hr.r ,Ha Epanurnne, sn n-OaoHeurofr ry6ep-
unn. Crolr xe 6espesyrbrarnHMu oKasaJrncb noncKn MaconcKnx co,tnHennfi s BoaorAe n flepun, Tyae n Tnepn, Cuolencxe H Tau6ose, xort HMeHHo 3Aecb HoBHKoBcKHe lr3Aannr [onyqnrn nanOoaee utrpoKoe pac[pocrpaHenfie.
rronHyp oecnoMoulHocTb t{ HeKoM[eTeHTHOCTb eKaTepnnuHcxoft qeH3ypbr npoAeMoHcrpHpoBanr{ o6ucrn B KHr{x(Hhrx
raBKax flosoaxus. Cpean Aecnrkoe xnnr, rcuencKoBannHx
y
KocTpoMcKHx, spoc.taBcKHx, p(rcTOBCKHX H HHXeTOpOACK!{X KynqoB, roJrbKo oAHa- (1284) BnocJleAcrBnn 6una 3anpeqena CnnoAou2{.
Orcyrcrn-ne qerKnx KpHTep[eB e or6ope n noyqenHft HnxeropoAcKoro enueKona AalracK[Ha, neqaraBrlr.txcf, noA Ha6an4enneM caMoro anropa 25. Ilepnan_uacoHcKar Knnra, noAnexaqan xouencr'aqnn rl_o yKa3y 1786 r., 6uaa o6napyxeHa y Kynqa H.-Prounna. ll3HMaf, B ero naBKe <Xuunqecryp ncanrHpb) E. X. fleno (1784) BMecre c rperbnM r{3AaHreM ( 1785), Ka3aHcKlIe qeH3opbI, Bo3MoxHo' Aaxe u cilrn He'3Harn o6 srotr,t 26. Eure 6onee onacHblM paccaAHLTKoM oKa3aJIacb KHHxHat JIaBKa Cnu6npcxoro npr{Ka3a b6uecrseHHofo npl{3peHHn. Co6paHHbIx 3Ae-cb r'13alHlrft pyccKux MHcTHKoB uhonHe xBaruJlo 6u A'ttg KoM[JIeK-
roBaHnfl HecKoJIbKHx MacoHcKl'IX 6u6nxorex. floarouy tte yAtrBl{TenbHo,rtTocpeAI'IHHXHaUTJII'lcbt{yrbJII'IHeBCe3anDerHbIe MncrtlqecKue KHHrll (<Eparcrue yBeIuaHHt K HeKo' '"ooot" ceo6oAHblM KaMeHuIl'IKau> C. 3nn, H36oroAassit, pyKonncHblx rpamiroB <pacKonoyunre'nefr> u cyEoson E. c.rryxe6irilx KHI{r, npeAnpnnuunnuft MeqaHI{H KHHxHbIx 3a cqer ero u o6oraulaJl pacurnpnn uecrBenHo HOBI.IHOK, HaneqaraHHHx MOCKOBCKI{MH MaCOHaMH. bnarcAapt gHeprHI{ H npeAnpHHMqHBocrH crapoo6pnA' ueB, KHI{rn, H3AaHHHe HosnxosnM' pacnpocrpaHlrnncb no ecefi Cu6upH. Kax noKa3aJI o6ucr s to6orncxllx KHI{xHHx JraBKax, Tpoe MecrHbtx KynuoB - fl. Me.nxoo, f. .fl,raroxon n C. fynnn H3AaBHa noAAepxltBanl{ AeJIoBt{e cBs3l'I c apeHperynsp' AaropoM rnnorpaQun Mocxoecroro yHI{BepcHTera,gK3eMnJIflHO flOnyqat oT Hero Ha KoMlICCnK) no HecKonbKy DoB Bcex BHoBb BblxoAf,Iqfix KHHr2e. 35 uucruqecKux coqu' irennft, 6oJtuuleft qacrblo 3anpeqeHnblx yKa3oM 1786 r'' npuBe3rn 3a rHcf,qy Bepcr or Mocrgbl e llpxytcr BoJIoroA' ci coquuennfr, B Tp BpeMfl KaK TBopeHHfl BoJIr,HoAyMUeB
H
paCKoJtbHHKOB
6egHaraganHo npoAoJrxaJrn pacnpocrpaHqrbcs
no
crpaHe.
Haspeoarurnfi roH0nnxr MexAy npaBnrenbcrBoM l.r qepxosnofr naprneft He Ha uyrKy 6ecnoron.n HMneparpnuy. 25 cenrn6pn 1787 r. oHa 6esanerrsuuonHo npr.rKa3ana BceM , fieqaTarb cBor.t TpyAbr roJrbKo B AyxoBHbrx rnnorpa$Hsx nocJre Hx CHHo,4otrt{0. Cyar no AorueArrruM Ao Hac AoKyMeHraM, npaBnreJrbcrBo crapanocb Hs6exaru ttptMblx crorxHoseHr.tfi c arrcrueft Hepapxnefi npaBocJIaBHoft uepxrn, oAHaKo aHTr.rHOBHKOBCKA' KAMTIAHH' CCPbC3HO YIUCMTflNA HHTEPECH MHO. rlrx JrnreparopoB H3 cpeAbr AyxoBeHcrBa. B erou ornorueHnu r30
BecbMa noKa3aTeJrbHo npouleHHe rHa nM8 MocKoBcKoro rJlaB-
HoKoManAyputero II..(. EponxuHa, noAaHnoe reroM l78g r. MecrgbrM cBsuleHufiKou h. fl. A.nexceeBbrM. Cocrasfirerl - coquHeHHr BnorHe KaHoHHqHoro n oAo6pegHoro AyxoaHofi [eueypoft noreprn BcrKyto HaAexAy noryqnrb Aocroftsoe
(HarpaxAeHr{e> 3a cgon (6$BuHHo norn6apqne rpy,{H>, TaK KaK neqaranne ero KHItxKll B HoBuKoBcxofi rnnorpaQun 6u.no npnocraHoBJreHo B nroJre 1787 r. To.nuxo nocJre BMeurarerbcrBa apxuenncKona flaaroHa r{ yHn3ureJrbHoro Aonpoca HI{ B qeM He noBHHHbrx H3Aarelefi no.nuueftcxxe Bnacru Mocrsu
HaKoHeq pa3pellrnnn coo6oaHyn npoAaxy eroro uepKoBHoro xa.neHAapq{1. Xnrpoyruno 3aAyManHbrfi ErarepHnofi II naan yAyueHr{t
MaconcrBa
c
noMoulbn o$uuna.ntsofi uepxnu npoBarltJtcfl.
Eo.nee roro, o6ocrpeHne orHourennft c fllaronou H ero eAnHoMbrrureHHHKaMlt rpo3rno o6epnyruca cepbe3HbtMH Henpn-
qruocrqMH A.[q caMofi HMfleparpnuuraz. PasoqapoBaBuucb B AyxoBencrBe, oHa BnJrorb Ao 1792 r. ne npu6eraJra K ero noMoIqH a 6opu6e c MacogaMn u noJrararacb yxe HcKrtoquTEIbHO HA CBETCKHC BJIACTI,I.
He ycne.nn AyxoBubre qeHsopbr 3aKoHqnrb or6op (cyM-
HI,ITEJIbHbIX> KHHT, KAK HMNEPATPI{qA HAHECNA NO HOBHKOB.
cKnM npeAnpunrnsM noucrr.rne coKpyruHrealrtuft yAap2l anrycra 1788 r. Mocroscrnfi ynnoepcnrer o6tgsnl ropra
aJIt 3aKIpqeHHs oqepeAHoro qeTbrpexneTHero KoHTpaKTa Ha apeHAy Vunaepcnrercxofi rnnorpaSun. Kasarocr 6u, nce npenMyqecrsa 6burn Ha cropone Honnrona, AoKa3aBruero
cBoH HeAroxtrnnbre aAM[HltcrparHBHHe n QnnancoBne cnoco6uocnr. OAsaro B AeJro BMeruanacb Exarepnua, H noA ee HaxI.rMoM uancH 6Hsurero apenAaropa ynan[ Ao Hynr. 17 ot, KaTeropHrrecKn 3anp€ulaBuee Kyparopau VHunepcnrera npoAneBarb KoHrpaxr c HognKoBbru. Crpeurenne noxoHqurb c HeHaBHcrHbrM r.r3Aare,neu 6ulo HacTonbKo BeJrHKo, qro fiMnepaTpnqa nocTapanacb He ocTaBHrb HH ualeftuefi .nagefirn, qepea Koropyto oH cHoBa Mor 6u npouurHyrb noA 3aqn?y yHnBepcnrercKnx npnnn,nernfi. 06 erou cBn/lererbcrsyer oco6oe ee HnKoro B roBapnuln He npHHHMarb noA yrposofi noABeprnyrb ce6s ) H {3. Blacru He cnyuafiuo noAmpeBann CneryruruHa. OH 6un AaBHr.rM npHrreneM Hosnxosa. Osu, no-srlAuMoMy, nosHaKor\rHd.'lncb eure Bo BpeMeHa pa6oru eKareplrHuncxofi Kounccnn o coqnHeguu npoeKTa HoBoro V;roxeHuR, rAe ny6.nnuHufi Horapnyc CoeryruxnH npeAcraBnsn ropoA EnnQaul. Bnoc-
_ apenAaropoM Mocroscrofi CeHarcxofi runorpaQnn B. H. OxopoxonuM, oH HMe,'t HeMairo cnyqaeB 6;rnxe
JIEACTBHH, HAXOAqCb . OruuHe oH craHoBnJrcff qacrnbrM nnrroM. Busuag VHuBepc?ITercKaq KHHxHar JtaBKa Ha Hnro.nlcxoft y.nuqe y noBOrO KaMeHHOTO MOCTa HOMHHaJIbHO nepexoAHna K Ky[uaM H. H. Koluvyruuy n V. V. flepenneruuxony. B HenocpeAcrBeHHoM noaqHHeHHH Hosurona ocraJlacb roJtbxo bro co6crBeHHar Bor'rbHafl rnnorpa$ua, KyAa oH nepeBen Hs VHnBepcuTera rreqaraHfle Bcex cBoHx neplloAnr{ecrnx (<Maraaun
HarypanbHofi ucropHr,r>, u ) H noAnncHbrx (,
>, > s Ap.) ilsAaHlrft4s. VsHas o pacropxeHnn KoHTpaxra c HoslrKoBrJM, HeApyrH MaconoB BosJrHKoBar'rH.30 asrycra 1789 r. Kyparop 132
14.
U. Mennccnno paAocruo
,loHocurr LL. Vl. [llynanoey o
TOM, IITO OH H ero eAnHOMblIuneHHHKH Hnqyrb ue o6ecnoxo_ eHbr , TaK KaK 6Hgurnfi
apegAarop qro6br <JrHruHJr> Vuusepcurer Ha . HerpeAnrocnoco6socrr HosnKoBa n Eororose npoAonxam Hne{g.
-
BbIe oTHOIIIeHHfi, H, eCTeCTBeHHO, qTO H3AaTeJIb He MOr OXH-
AaTb oT 9roro pacqeTrnBoro H neAaHTuqHoro coTpyaH[Ka HnKaKoro cHucxoxAegns. HHoe aeJto H3 Ma- KoMnaHboHbr concKoro narepr. floAAepxas MopaJrbHo H MarepnarbHo npocBernrerbHbre u QuranrponuqecKlre npeAnpHf,rnn 6pata Koaosnoua B nepnoA Hx pacqBera, MacoHcKne HarranbxnKn nocneruHJru orpeqbcs or nero npu nepnux xe HeyAaqax. Ctpax sa cnofi Koue.[eK oKasaJrct cuJrbuee MHcrLrqecKHx yg 6patcrsa I{ Aaxe sneueurapuoft qerose.IecKofi nopsAotlHOCTH.
Hema;luft yurep6 AenaM TunorpaQxqecxofi KoMnaHnn
Hauec neAa.nernft H McrlrreJrbHuft eunccap HeMeqKr{x Macouon 6apou lllpeaep. flo eno BnHe iHa nJreqn Hos[xosa csaJrHJracb Aoporocrorulas H HeBbrroAHaR noKynKa Fen4pnxora AoMa. Bgrea 3a gruM, HHcKoJrbKo He cqnrarcb c HnTepecaMn KoMnaHboHon, [Ilpe4ep r{36aJr Hs o6qefi Kaccu csofi nafi. nocreneHxo xounaneficxne npeAnpr.rrrns npnrllnn B ynaAoK. OceHlto 1789 r. Kounasns BbrHyx(Aena 6ula npo4arr 6Hsrunft Aoru lUrapua s BaxroscxoM nepeynKe H npeKparr.rrb
Bblnnary Aoraunft MacoHcKHM crnneHAr.raraM 3a rpaHnqefi. Asa roAa cnycrfl Aonrn Hosuxona H ero KoMnaItboHoB Aocrnrurn 300 rurc. py6. Kasaaocb, ttnrrro yxe He MorJro Hx cnacrn or noJruoro QuHaHconoro Kpaxa. OAHaxo t,t Ha gror ,Ha noMoulb H3Aarerro I Jruqe ero MnaAyqeHr{Ka, noroMKa ypanbcKHx 3aBoAqnKoB-
pas cyal6a npnlrrna
uero Apyra n
MnnrnoHepos f. M. floxoAsruuna. Eorarnfi Meqenar npeAocraBHJr TnnorpaQuqecxoft KoMnaH[I{ 6ecnpo{eHruufi saeu e 50 ruc. py6.neft, a 3areM, nocJre ee caMopocnycKa a noa6pe l79l ro,qa, noMor Hoanxony coxpaHurb sa co6oft rr{norpaQnrc n KHHxHHe cKna/I,br. "'. Bnoane Bo3MoxHo, ,lro Kyryeon lts 6ep.nngcKoro iLaJIeKa Jtyttule, rIeM HenocpeAcrBeHnHe yqacrHltKu co6utnft, BHAen Mnorue oun6xn H npoMaxn Hosnrosa. H ace-rarn HHKaKnM KpnruKau n coBerqnKaM He no nneqy 6ntao ro He[ocnJrbr{oe 6peur, Koropoe 4o6ponoauno B3Banr{Jr sa ce6s gror Heyrounnufi rpyxenuK. Paspacraounecx c KaxAbrM roAoM may6o n Brlrrpb HoBHKoBcKHe npeAnpnnrnn .rpe6oBann nocTonHHoro npnToKa HoBHx KanHTaJloB; He MeHee 3Haqr{Te[bHHe cyMMH noruroulaJla ero Mnoroo6pasuar QnlanrponnqecKaf, AerTerbHocru. .{,oxoAoB xe or npoAax(n KHnr eABa xBaraJro Ha ro, .rto6bl Bo3Mecrnrb nx ce6ecronMocrb. Knuxuas roproBnr eue roJrbKo 3apoxAaJracr s Pocg{n u He cynnna cKoporo rr BepHoro o6oraurennfl orBaxHHM nt.roxepau KHHxHono Aeaa. flogroMy, Hecuorpr Ha Bce yxfiurpeHnr Knnrotr3Aarerr, cornr{ Tbrcrq py6lefr oceAan[ MeprBHM Kannrarou B ropax HepacflpoAanHbrx KHHr. flpnxo,qnJlocb gaJle3arb B AorrH, o6paulattcfl 3a noMoulbp K rryxnM, HeHaAexHHM npAtm. B roHeqHou cqere, c noMotrlblo floxoAfltunHa n Apyrnx np(rcBeuren[brx MeqenaroB HonHxoay, Bo3MoxHo, H yAanocb 6u cnpaaurrca c SuHaHcoBbrMH TpyAHocrtMn. OAuaxo nocrotnnoe npornoo4eftcrBile eracrefi, o6ucKn, roHQrcxaqHr KHnr, TpaBnr cBoAHJtr{ Ha Her Bce nonHTKr{ nsAaTeJrfl cAenarb cBoe flpeAnpurrHe AoxoAHHM. Kax norasar onHT, nonHTHKa gKonoMilqecKoro yAyrrreHfis pyccKnx npocBernreaefi npn scefi csoefi sQQerrnnnocrn He cnoco6Ha 6Hra oKonqarenbHo napantl3oBarb Hx BoJrro r 6opr6e. floeror,ry Enarepnna II ucnoAeoJrb noAroroBnJra n_ocaeAunfi, peuranunfi yAap, HaBcerAa auuepxHyorunfi Hos[xosa H3 cnncKa aKTIBHHX o6uectsenHux .[.esreleft. HeoxuAannoe Bo3Bbll[eHne craporo QpoHroooro rene' pana Knfl3r A. A. IlposopoBcKoro, HasHaqeHnoro e Qenpane 1790 r. ilocKoBcKHM ruraBnoKoManAyroulr{M BMecro .lrn6epaJtbnoro Eponxuna, BHsBaJIo Heuaroe yAnBnenne y Bcex 3HaKoMHx gToro HeAaJreKoro, Ho pernBoro cnyxaKr{. Haauennuft u rpy6ufi flposoporcxnfi snxorAa He nolb3oBaJrct 6aarocraonnocrbp Erarepunu lI. OaHaxo nMneparpnqa B[oHa.
r36
oKa3anacb xr{Tpee H ,[,aJrbuoBr.rAuee Bcex. Ee pacuer KaK pa3 H crpor{ncn Ha Henorynnpnocrr.r flposopoocxoro. B cnyqae
qero, KpoBb HeBnHHbrx xepTB naAaeT Ha ronoBy naJraqa, H eto Bceraa MoxHo 6yaer o6snunrs B npeBuruenlrn noJIHoMoqlrfr. Tax Exarepnua H rrocrynnna Bnoc.{eAcrBrru. floRsaegne B cBer euaMeHnroft KHnrH A. H. PaAHU{esa , nocBsulennoli oAHoMy H3 qreHoB TnnorpaSuqecroft KoMrraHr.rr A. M. KyTy3OBy, Bbr3BaJrO y r{MnepaTpHubr HoBylo Bc[blIUKy HeHaBI{crn K MacoHaM. Aeparuft aBrop ryr )r{e 6Hn o6rssJreH Hx eAHHoMbrtuJreHHHKoMs3, xorn 6parun-KaMeHutHKll H nHTaJIHcb oTMexeBaTbct oT Hero.
Oqenr coMHHTeJIbHa l{cKpenHocrb MacoHoB, KoropHe, tro croBaM H. B. JlonyxnHa, (He roJtbKo He 3HaJIH HLIqeno> o Knr{re PaAnureoa, sa. He utyuaftHo B cBoeM n[cbMe x C. H. [IeruxoscxoMy ynpaBnqpqnft Ka6anerou Erarepnnu II B. C. flonos ynoMnHan o uaftAenuoft cpeAn 6yuar Hosnrosa paAnqeBcKoft o.qe qHa soJttHocrb> c MHoroqHcneHHHMH (npHnpaBKaMH>55. Kax 6sr ro nn 6uro, Aaxe rBepAo ycraHoBlesnufi Qaxt sHaxoMcrBa MocKoBcKHx MacoHoB c 62.
cJraJra 138
fraua III/I HCCEJIbDYP 3ur'rofr 1792
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r. H3 nepnacrpnponaunoft
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nncKr{ pyrono4nre.nefr pyccKHx MaconoB npaBHTenbcrBy craJlo H3BecrHo o6 ux cBfl3flx c HeMeuKHMn 6patrnun no opAeHy. c rpyaou npoAHpascb cKBo3b qaqy ryMaHHblx MHcrnqecKux cHMBoJtoB I{ aJlneropnfr, nuneparPntla u ee npH6nsxegnue rulerHo JroMarH roroBbl HaA TeM, KyAa BeAyr HHTu MaconcKoro 3aroBopa. CrpauHote BHAeHnf, ABopuoBoro nepeBopora u apMnn, ncrepuvuuft qecapeBnq K copoKa roAaM pacrepsn Bce nyquee, qro 6buro 3aroxeno .B ero yM n Ayruy yqnrenqMn. Jlo6aq He caHKur.toHnpoBaHuaff Exarepuuofi nonbrrKa npoHr{Knyrb cKBo3b HeBnAHMyrl creHy, xoropoft oua oKpyxr.rra flagra, npHpaBHHBa.Iracb K rocyAapcrBeHHoMy npecrynJreHHr,o. floerouy ouepe4Hoft Aonoc n. A. Arexceesa o nonbrrKax MacoHoB naftrH ce6e norpoBr{reJts B nnue qecapeB[qa oKoHqareJrbHo peunn cy,4u6y Hosnxosa. l3 anpela 1792 r. Exarepuua II or4a.na pacnopqxenfie flposoponcxouy npox3Becrr o6ucn B MocKoBcKHx AoMax u3Aarerq r{ B ero noAMocKoBHoM HMeHHH. (DopualrHbrM ocHOBaHHeM AJrfl TOrO nocny)Kttdlo noffB.rleHlle B npoAax(e nonynqpHoro crapoo6psAqecKoro coquHeHnq AH4pen [eHHcoBa HosfiKoBa Bcrynaer B cxny. 2.
lllnnoHu flposoponcroro nopa6oraJrn Ha cnaBy. Kax
n
cneAoBaJlo oxl{Aarb, nonrqeftcrne qHHoBH}.rKI{ He Haunn y
Hosuxoea , 3aro noqril Bo Bcex ero KHHxHbtx JIaBKax, Ha cKJIaAax fi s 6u6ruorerax o6Hapy)KeHbr corHH gK3eMrrnnpoB 3anperHblx MHcrHqecxux coquHenr.rft. O4Ho aro MofJto cayxr.lrb AocraroqHHM ocHoBaHHeM Anq npHAaHr4q H3Aarerfl cyAy.
Vrpor*,r 25 anpenn B Trxoe celo Ae4orbnHo Ha noJrHoM cKaKy BopBaJrcs orpsA fycap, npeABoAnrellcrnyeuuir uafiopou Xesaxosurr,r. Hex4aunue rocrh HafJro BJroMn-
Jrucb B AoM, Ao cMepru nepenyraB Aerefi Honuxooa, BbrraxrnJrr{ r.r3 nocreJrfl 6o.nlHoro xo3fiflua u noBe3r]r Ha pacnpaBy K MocKoBcKoMy rJraBHoKoMaHAyarueMy. Cnyxe6noro pBeHHfl y flposopoBcKoro xBaraJro n npeua6urxe, a Bor yMoM H HHrynqnefi npupoAa ero qBHo o6Aeln.na. floxa pernsHft cneAoBareJlb pyKoBoAcrBoBaJrcr HHcrpyKuueii, noayqeuHof, or HMneparplillu, Aonpoc uen rnaAKo, Ho KaK rorbKo oH nHTaJtcfl nponBnrb co6crnenuyrc uHuunarr,tBy, Ha 6.ne4Hux ry6ax H3Myr{eHHoro Hosnxona noflBJlgJracb HacMeuJrnBafl yrn6xa. Vx cnnruxou rpy6 n nprMonuHeeH 6H.[ sror HeorecaltHbrri co.naaQoH. V6eausurucb B ToM, r{To sBHo eMy ne no ay6au, flpoaoposcxufi xaJroBaJrcfl B nucbMe x ExarepfiHe: (TaKoBoro KoBapHoro u nyKaBoro qeJtoBeKa fl, BceMH.nocrngeftuaq rocy,[apbrHfl, MaJIo BI{-
a K roMy x qe.rroBeK Harypbr ocrpofr, 4ora4lHnoft, r.r xapaKrep cueaufi n 4epsruft: xors BHAHo, qro oH po6eer, HO He 3aMelIIUBaeTCfl; BeCb ero npeAMeT TOJ|bKO B TOM, qTO6at 3aKpr;rb ero npecrynJleHur>. 3. Exarepnna, no-BHAr.rMoMy, He co6npanacb nepeAaBarb AeJro Macrepa Ko.noouoHa n cyAa. Hafi4eHnue s AsAorrnHe 6yuann, noArBepLnB MHorne ee noAo3peHr.rfl, Bce-TaKn He roAr.tJrrrcb Ans opraH}|3aqI{H ceHcaqnoHHoro noJIHTHqecKoro npouecca. flpnuux AoKa3areJrbcre cessefi MocKoBcKr.tx MacoHoB c r.rJr.rnoMunaraMlt n rxo6nuqaun o6napyxnrb He yAanocb. flycm qyrbe n noAcKa3brBaro [Mneparpuqe, Kyr\a n,leHHHKa lr nepeAarb 4a.nrHefiuree creAcrBne B pyKH onbrrxoro (3a[JreqnHx AeJI Macrepa) C. U. llleurxoscKoro.
Maricroft Hoqbrc Hnrolas Hsanosnqa BMecre c ero AoMalrrulrM BpaqoM MacoHorr{ Earpancxnu H KpenocrnuM c.nyroft noAHflntl c- nocrereft, pa3pelxunH B3rrb roJrbKo cauue geo6xo,[uMbre B Aopore Beuln ll nocaAHJrH B 3aKpbrryro KonflcKy. Koracxa noKarnJra no B.naAnunpcxoft Aopore, KoHBoHpyeMafi 3cKaApoHoM rycap. ApecroaaHHbrM crporoHacrporo 3arrperHJlr.r pa3roBapnBarb c KoHBoeM, exarH noqTH He OCTaHaBJIlrBarCb, a BO BpeMff HeAOJITOTO OTAHXa B npr.rAopox(Htilx rpaKrupax crpaxa 6Anre.nlno cneAnna 3a Kax(AbrM r.tx rrlaroM. Toauxo MHoro ner cnycrfl B apx[Bax 6un uafiAeH ceKpernHfi yxas [Mneparpnubr npo3opoBcKonay, o6rRornsuflft crpaHnoe noBeAenne naaaqefi pyccKoro npocBerureJrfl. to. (ax usnecrno, ExarepnHa 3aroqnra Hosnxosa He s CorosKr.r, a B lllluccelr6yprcxyro Kpenocrb, aa n pacQopMnpoBaHuq rarqnncroft . Tocx.nl.tgoe cMHpeH[e, sa 1792 r.ll Ho
nncaJr oH B crr,lxorBopeHHH
uaftcxolrl HoMepe ero cJroBa ocraJlHcb (ruracoM Boflnrculero B nycrrJHer. Aaxe A. T. Eoaoros, Koropblfr Bcrpernn c (coxanenneMr nepBoe H3Becrne o6 apecre (BcerAa 6;laronpuarcrBoBaBuero) eMy u3Aarent, BnocreAcrBur{ orpeKcff or ((3noyMHtuJIeHHHKa) nporHB (rocyAapbrHn>12.
Xyxe Bcex npnuJrocb JrHrrreHHbrM rpoMKHx rltryJroB r{ cr.rsreJrbHbrx norponnre.neft KynrIaM, B qbux aasxax 6Hau nafiAeHu 3anperHbre MacoHcKne coqnHenfifi (20 xnnn, ueurbrx H3 npoAa)fiH s 1786-1787 n., n 48- HareqaraHHHx no3AHee n[qa. Osn npecnoxofiuo roproBanu Ao3BoJrefiHHMH K npoAaxe
noJlyqafl ItX HeIi3BeCTHO KaKHMn nyrrMn H3 ganeqaraHHbtx nolnqnefi onroBblx cKJIaAoB. Ha cso6oAe ocrarcfi eAnHcrsenHuft KHr.rxHr.rK-BerepaH X. Pn4nrep, oAHaKo il y Hero HecKonbKo pa3 npou3BoAnJru HOBHKOBCKHMIT H3AaHHtMl.I,
144
o6brcKtr, pa3brcKHBaff (BpeAHbIe K Heno3BoJtHTeJIbHoro coAepx(aHHs> KHlrrn.
Ocra.nrHux IroBuKoBcKnx KoMnccnoHeponts cyAnntl n MHorux H3 HHx, Bo3MoxHo, oxnAara Karopra, ecrlt 6H ga HecqacrHbrx KynqoB He Bcrynlrncq onursefturnfr ropncr, npo$eccop npaBoBeAeHnfi Mocxoecxoro yHHBepcHrera 3. A. foprouKnH. Ou oAns He no6oqrcr Bcryn[rb n 6opu6y co BcecarbHbrM KHs3eu flpoaopoBcKlrM, Ao6nsulrcr s Mocxoecxofi yrolonHoft naJrare 3HaqnreJlbHoro cMtrqeHHf, npHroBopa, BbrHeceHHoro cyAoM Husrueft rrHcraHur.rn. flocne apecra Hosnxosa noJurur,rf, 3aneqarara JraBKlr He roJrbKo MocKoBcKr..rx, Ho H nerep6yprcKr.rx KHnroroproBueB. Eoree roro, croJrl,runuft o6ep-no.irr.rqueftcrep frasynoB norpe6oaa.n, qro6u Bce KHITTH 6HJru csesenbr B nonnqefrcxne yqacrKn Anq npocMorpa. BunorHeHne 3roro npnKa3a rposHJrO KynUaU HeHCqHCJrnMUrrrn y6UrxaMu, H OHl.r o6parnJlucb K ErarepnHe II c npocu6ofi o4epHyrb 3apBaB[rerocfl r{HHoBHuKa. He xeraq 6es nyx4u o6ocrpnru orHoueHfis c , l.lMnepaTpHUa noBereJla la. O6ucxn y xo3seB croJrnrrnoro KHHxHoro pbIHKa eABa nil cepbe3Ho orpa3Hnr{cb Ha cocTotHHH Hx AeJI, oAHaKo qyTb nH
se xaxAurfi nerep6yprcxnft xsnroroproBeu HMeJI B Mocxse poAcTBeHHHKOB, KOMnaHbOHOB l{JIu npUKa3qnKOB, JIHIIIHBlilrxcfl, no MHJtocru flposopoocxoro, HMyurecrBa lI cBo6oau.
Jlerom 1792 r. B KaHueJlflpun MocKoBcxono rJtaBHoKoMaHrylouero nocrynnJlo nl{cbMo AupeKropa AxaAeunn HayK, KHflfHnn E. P. Aauxosofi. Kax sHgcHnJtocb lI3 Hero, cronuquuft Kyneu H. fl. FnasyuoB orKa3aJlcfl nJIarHru AxaICMHH AOJIT 3A B3flTbIC HA KOMI,ICCHIO KHHTH H 3CTAMNH BBI'I,ly roro, qro 6ontruaq Hx qacrb B MocKoBcKLrx JtaBKax. Flonutxa KHqrHHr.r Bcrynnrbcn 3a npourrpaQuB[Ilrxcs 6parueo F.nasyuoeux H ee npocb6a paspeurnrb roproBJrto , KOTOpbIe UOr.nU 6u co 3HaHneM Aena npocMorperb Bce KHnru u pyKonl{cn u . fl.naron nopyulu o6nsaHnocrn uen3opoB PeKropy 3anxonocnaccroft aKaAeMuIl MedolnIo (M. A. Ctrltlpnony) H nporonony uepKBH rpex cssinreaefi Bacu.nulo flporonuenyr7. Eo,nee nonyroAa nona4o6nnocb qeH3opaM Ha npoc-Morp pyccKnx KHHr H3 naBoK, cKnaAoB H aoAorbl'lHcrofr 6n6lnoTeKn lE, [oKa oqepeAb, HaKoHetr, He roura ao rJIaBHoro KHI{roxpaHunl{ua MocKoBcK[x MacoHoB. 3anpeqeHHble KHI{rfi, (He B3Hocfl H x Hdu gK3eMnJIflpoB>, a ocraJrbHbre nepeAarb Ayxonnoft aKaAeMHH u VHneepcurery2o. Pacnoprxeu[sMu A. A. tlpo-
3opoBcKoro AnpeKropy Mocroscroro yHuBepcnrera Vl. U. Me;rnccuHo H enr{cKony .{,unrpoacxorrry Cepannouy npe.qnHcbrBaJrocb Ha3HaqIrTb nsTb qeH3opoB
Ant
paccMoT-
peHnff KHuf B 6n6.nHorerax feu4puroBa AoMa,.npAeft ccnoco6uux K roMy r.{ HaAexnbrx, Koropbre 6u He 6urn eapa-
xenbr cerroft TaK Ha3brBaeMbrx MapruHncros>zt. Kagarocu 6u; xasAuAarypbr npoSeccopa sceo6qefr Hcropalr l,IorasHa BnraHAa, yHr.rBepchrercKoro 6n6luorexapfl VI. A. feftMa, npororlepefl Huxnrcxofi qepKBH sa EacuanHofi HoaHua HoauHoBa-, cBffureuuuxa MapoHoscroft qepKBH a Crapux IIaHex, B flporuJroM yqr{renn rpeqecKoro u eqpeficroro fl3blxos s 3anxonocnaccKori axaAenann CnraeoHa lpnropuena n npenoAaBarenfl roft xe AraAer,tur Hnroras HoaHnosa BnoJrHe orBeqaru srnu rpe6oBaHusM. OAnaxo, Ha acgxnfr oryuafi, flposoponcrnfi nopyul.rn 24 uapra 1793 r. HaA3op 3a HrlMH cnerlnaJrbHo BbrAeneHHolry - nonnqefrcxoray oQuuepy KanuraHy HaaHy ,[,ecceuuepy 22. Mocxoscx[fi rnasnoKoMaHAyprqnft ropennn qen3opoB: eMy He repnenocb flocKopee AoHecrH HMneparpnqe o6 ynnn-
6r
147
roxeHHB KpaMoJlbHblx KHI{n. ManonoqrenHoe 3a'HtlTne' o6xoAutuocrb B 3anyueHnoM -AoMe paa6uparl T-pe
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rqroruJll{ ueH3opoB' H oHH pa6ora;lu cnycrfl {*-t31:--t-1".i nn no 4yrue 6u.ia ponb HHKBH3Hropa npotpeccopyl-11.915I' MflrKoMy' Aoopoxenacyafi no or3HBaM coBpeMeHHHKoB, 'B ntone 1793 r' oH ocraBnJl MocxoeqeJtoBeKy. reJIbHoMy qeH3opa' cxufr yHllsepcnrer u us6asurcs or o6sgannoctefr ponx noco6ttuB ce6n flo-suAlruo"y, -uyrcrBoBaJlil corpyairnKl{ - HoaHH "anor*o ero 6nsu'e ;;;;;;;,i;R iio""*osa-n l,IoaHuos u uagsaqeuHufr BMecro BIlraH4a npoQeccop npruJlocb n. U. 6pnnueo. He c.n-yuafiHo flposopoBcKolty 23. siuJero -- oa'u"n tZgg r. qen3optil c ropeM nonotaM 3aKorqnrl'l K pr6;;t. P;..ipo *"nt, no,qnexaurirx xax coxxeHulo24' raK
aKaAeMurl n Vttnaep^clln nepeAaqe B JanKonocnaccKylo roro cocrasJteHbl HMH Ha xpaiiHe HH3KoM '4axe AJIfl HlIx A ee4r-cpeAn ypoBue' ""it', ;p;r;"t 6n6;lnorpaQnqecxoM 6n6'nnorerapl sucoroxsannQnunponannsrir 6u.n yI:lX ta. A. ful*, Ao H ocra.nrnue ueH3opbl HecoMHeHHo rnagHoxoMaHAyloulul'I Mocxoscxnfi pa6oram c xunroft. 1794 r'
HMI{--HeAoBoneu. KorAa B anpeJle c Knura--s feH4punonoM AoMe 6ut;la HafiAeHa HoBaff narara oi*tp" se 6una otnepra' flpoMr{, Koropas npH ";t;; cHoBa ueu3opoB' o6patulca K HIM: nprisnae .o1io".*nfi, cryqae AomoM rpbsnuu npeirynpexAeHueM: ufl npu ceMKHUIH c BcenpsqeH3upoBarb BaM nocraBJqlo HanoMtHyrb BepHorpe6yer KaxAoro gHl'IMaHlIen, or KaK ;rexgefruturr,r 3a He-
ocraflct oqegb
;;AA;-"*;"xnir Aolr. Hs xuur, BaMn HenDI43HaHbIx .cr'lep* Keca.pena' no3Borrengue, "pur.on"'-tii".tih"pai cyurticrionaHuq>6' Bcler (M., 1787) BecbMa
"!aot*n"t 1794 r., rJIaBHoKoMaHlyIoutuit npeArl_Il' J"- ru^r, i3 "npena qucJlo BpeAHbIx KHIIF orJtoxllnx KHHry noA B ca.rr,- oqioou 148
o AeJrax 6oxunx> (q. l-4. M., 1787-1788), rarxe H ABe rpareAr.ur noA Ha3BaHHeM: nepean q-qTo-pat 5b. He npeyMeHbulafl cnox' HttcKoJIbKo noroMcrBy, r6aapnon,ty uoctir u riporunopeqtsocrn nAefinux nosnunfi H npaKrnqecroft iesieJlbnocrll Hoenxooa, B[Aerb B HeM oAHoro n3 xpynHefiru n x KH n ro r34areneft - n p ocBer rrerl e1'^ 91-p t tII9I9 n'p6sosnecrHuKa H eHepruqHoro npoBoAHHKa HoBbIxJ,?:-1"" nIoAbMIl' MexAy orxoueunfl ryuanuux tr cnpaBeAn[Bblx
NPHMEqAHHf fnasa I CATHPI4K H YtIEHbIfr
I Carrrpnuecxre xypuanhr H. H. HosnxoBa.-M.; JL, 1951, c. 345. 2 Hosuxos H. V. l4s6panHbre corrnHetss.-M.; JI., 1951, c. 606. 3 Oongnsnn,i[. H. Co6ilanne co,rnneHufr.-M.; JI., 1959, r.2, c.91. { .[,oryr'reHru ll Marepr.ranbl no Hcroprlr Mocroscroro yHlrBepclrrera
nropoft noroBnnbr XVIII sexa. T. l: 1756-1764.- M., 1960, c. 122. 5 flocae cMeprn l4saHa BacnJtbeBrqa a!'rt HosuronHx Hacranu rpyaHHe AHH. Jleror'r 1764 r. ero BAoBa AHHa HsaltoeHa Bbruyxaena 6u,ra npoAarb po.loBble nMeHltr s KoJtor4eHcxoM ye3ae u vocxoscrnft aou (Mocxoocxne BeAouocru, 1764, M 70, 3l aarycra). r 3auocxnopeure 6 bo,roros A. T. 3anncxr. Cn6., 1871, t. 2, cr6. 6. 7 PyccxaR craprna, 1872, -r.5, c. 560. 8 fleqatauue aroft KHHxeqKu Ha 6yrtlane 3aKa3q[Ka o6otu.nocr n 13 py6. 50 xon. (lJerrrpa.nrrurft rocyaapcrnegHHfr soeHgo-ucropfiqe' crnft rifxua CCCP, 4;. 314, on. l, a. 3302,'tr.32; a.3389,.r. 22). 0 Ayx flrQaropoB, ,rrr{ Hpanoyvenur ero.-Cn6., 1766, c. 4. r0 KHnxxa o6ouuacu Honurony n 3l py6. 82 xon., 6ut,na nuxynnera r{M H3 Tflnonpa$uu a Hasaire aeia6pr (Jlexnnrpa.ucxoe or,qe.reue Ap-
xnna Axaaeurru HayK CCCP-Aanee: JIO
6-8,
AAH,0.3, on. l, r.301,
180) ra npoaaBaJracb s AxaAeilruqecxofi xHnxHorl !'raBKe B fltrb pa3 .[opoxe ee ce6ecrouuocru 25 xon. sa 3K3. (Cauxrnetep6ypr- no cxne BeaoMocrr, 1766, J,.lb !01, l9 aexa6ps). tt Bcqxas BcrqHHa, 1769, c. 136. t2 B. fl. Cellenxgxos n pa6ore (flr., 1921, c.9) Ha3HBaer oany xnuxxy B. H. Maiixora, usAaHHyIo Hosuxosbnrl s 1768 r.-npolor *Topxecreyrculuri flapHac>, Hosefiuue apxuBnHe pa3brcKaHnfl s flO AAH (S.3, on. I, 1.314,,r. 153 o6., 156;,q.678, Jt.43) c8[aerenbcrByror o roM, riro nM 6ttru HaneqaraHbr B Axaaer'lnqecxoft rrnorpaQur eule ABe Maiiroscxue KHuxKH-c6opHur crnxoB (13 cextn6pn) n no cJryqarc Bbr3ropoBJleHufl or npneunxofi ocnbl rcr (JIO AAH. rb. 3, on. l, I 541, a.234 o6.). ' 2r CarnpnqecKue xypHanu H. H. Honnxora, c. 236. B 1770 r. ru' Dax (TDviHtt vnan Ao 750 ars' ' 25 llpbaaxnai ueHa ,[Byx HoMepoB xyPgana (nnnl 8 pae npeBbluraJla ux ce6ectonuoctl nroar i770 r.) -30 Kon.--n (XftBonnceu) p. cronJl (Hosuxos 3anJlarrrl ers.); x.-sa 28 500 18 riaunoro Aopoxe no I by6. ga nonyroaoBofi KoMnreKT (ero ce6ecro' 3a rPtl HoBIlKoBcKtlx lr3AaHnf, HMocrb cociasanra 12 ron.). Bupyvxa -snavltutlttylo Anr roro BpeMefln cocraBnJta, no-BuAItMoMy, recrua ivu"v tietrenultKoB B.- IL Pyccxne carupnqecKne xyPuanu, c. 85; ianxineieo6vDrcKlle BeAoMocti,1772, Nb 34 24 arpent; Nb 35' I uar; llb 99, ll leid6pr; JIO AAH, Q.3, on. I, r.5'43'.". l7-Q 96-.210 o6',
TepHo, qTo 1770
r. c
ziz, i+s o6.). d otAe.re pyKgltnglg4-L pelrofi xnurntl'Kyfi6uuescxoft 2 qerBeproro o6nacrnofi 6ir6anotern (aue. N 2823701 coxpaHunacb H3tranr{fl (M., l78l) c B4aAenbqecrofi e4quctn ";-r6pd;;: (Vxao. _MecrHHM co,r., c.. Z?,fli'. -riio-"i6h 25 tlrsrosrq -'";;;l:
xnr. r62
H. A. H*op"r c.fn"ripoipiixoli
-Cu6.,
1857, c. 81.
26 lllauxob C. C. Jlurcparypnufi rpya g Poccltu: (l4cropnuec,xuE o!. I' 4.328' ovep*1.--[e"o, 1876, Jrg 9,,iia. t, c.-i9; JIO AAH, S.3,py6,' sa nevar' doti. Axiieuua nayx n'rirH,na nePeBoAqrKaM- no 4-8 ". ili-;;i ?JIo AAH, O. 3, on. l, a. ses, .n. l0l, 197; a. 536' a. 108). :r En6,nubrpa$, 1885;J..l.l 10, c.50. i\.- i.'B"rarA Ha Morc xII3Hb.-M', 1866' e' 47, 276i " E"iiptiJ" Croeapr cBercKnx n[careJteft, cooreqecrBeHs]lKoB H qyxeEsreHuft. nuct"iun* e Pocettr.-M., 1845-r-r'-2, c' 105' ;t;;;u;;, --ttttiidpnx u up*n"nci-fix croa6rus n. 4. Eesconog B KHrrreo (M', 1859, c' 32) coo6uraer roM' 6u6.nuorexa no.oa6.*i" 6u6r'orexr'r Apyxecxono yqeHoro o6ulecrea BHAaBa'[cb oio'^inttl Hs .nox), rar-_u _ (Cn6'' '6be(
3 Cu., uanpn".p, u
xouua 178-0-x xonucnufi KoHBoJttor 'il:'I.'(;p;;uiin-
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".rnr"i""".n*6eor H"M' Kapausxna--(1786)' qo npo'cxoxaeH#;;;';';tp*oai reoa 'n"'"; E,;..x'o;" uacoH6e XVIII eexa: q. n"perucKa r-r6cxoacxux qro cperr (no6acor>' Ha' 3alreruu' 4.36' l9I5; 1780:ii9i-;..-ni., neqaraH'btx Ho"rroebnM"
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_r^ipn-tlfi-1og ".,-O"rn yeAun-erir n> v' flesna' il;ii5 Mocxoscxoe X. JI.- n'Anr" odi " in''roru a^srycr' c' 285' nalinire'^11p1' .*""5J"*"o.1933, r' 9/lQ c' 205' o Jlsreparvrrno" "a.reacrso, ; ffif"";itt["b.'H. Di6vrurunu cKa3KI{'rM'' 118-l' c' 3l' a CaHrrnerepoypr.*tl-#cixux, I 781' anpe;m' -c' 295' corluuennt'Ho'sri(bs n ero corp'e"eunuxu: Hs6pauuue -
-
n
H:-!f ' 1961, c. 416-417'
M.,
8 anpe'nn, c' 231-232' ro 1locxoscxue BeAo.Mocrlr' 1780, Nb ^29, rr Tan xe, 1783, Ne 87' I HosoPq' t:-o-v-*^'-..-.., rz B npearcno"rn *-nbuecru 6e'nepeooAqHK BnepBHe 9oo!-t11-9.y;' roiAa eue-s pyror-t1c-1--{ParTartfiqecKuM qurarerl"" o HeMe(Kux poMaHoB' Y'
'
I'"u*oannur.9*c1 (Eu6rnotexa ;;;;i ;;t;; fere "tDaiii' c.96). 1780, M.. ao ''it' iio,io"uruiicn rpyAo.nrc6eu,- 1784,-'l'.-- 4. c'^ 69 iit-ioo, I 4 aera6pn' t i99-J99i.^^ r. Mocxogcxn" (tlenu3e".oo,ir"o.T",-j'zai, II noaap^HJla Becb rnpax " i0 ;;;;;; rzZa r. EiiltCluria .
e;#it'nu'*;f;*l*fl rt: '" rs "! i;fit;ilili'-Jl;**rirnr' t0 Mocxogcrug BeAoMocrg' l,ot, 16g
l? Mocxogcxoe exeMecrqnoe r3Aautre, 1781, aarycr, c. 307. Mocxoscrne BeAoMocr[, 1786, .!Ve 94, 25 nos6ira,'c. 823, tt Epyx f. llepe'renr arrnncroft xnlrri, naausderiofi C;ra6oyurull rE
BetbMoxa.-M., 1782, c. 29. 20 Mocxoscrre BeaoMocru, 1780, Ne 3, 8 anaapn, c. 22-24. zt flgxcaHos H. K. Maconcxafl'nHreparypa.-B'xH.: HcroDns Dvccxofi .nureparypu. T. 4. Jlnreparypa XVIII-a. r{. 2. JI., 1947,
-M.;
c. 67.
floxogunficr rpyaoan6eu, t784, q. l, c. IL ^22 23 p^r4q.1_qeaxux-isur loc.-6x6.'rloreiu CCCp uns. lS 20767. 2f VrpenHnfi cset, 1777, rt. l, c. 207.
ru. B. H. Jleuana,
25 Mocxsgcxue seAovoirn, J',lb 100, 16 4exa6pr, c. g79. 26 Mocxoscxue aeaor'rocrn, !?gg, SZ,'16 nrouq, lSS. lZS2; 2? Caxxrnerep6yprcxnft secrirx.'1780. rriafi. c. 3gg. zB Parlules H.
ll!
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A. Iloan-oe co6paurie coq-lnesufi. ^ - M.; JI., lg3g, .t 259; I(y.rrarosa JI,,H., 3anliroa B. A- A. ft. prarurur.-iiy..iu."j
rrBre,r3 llerep6y-p-na_o _Mocxsy: KoMueurapufi. _ JI., 1g74, c. tlO_St. -- rl[MMepMaB n. I. tlaDOIHar apoaHar ropaocrb. roo_aocts M., |TRR 1788, n c. ltl I l l. r0 li H::::*:" ftepenn-cxa nuneparpnloi eiariiutru -iI--Mi p"r""*H oco6aMu. _ _ Cn6., r8b7. c. t24-t2i. 3t Mocxoocxne jVe 68, S anrycra, c. b7g. -BeAoMocrr{, l7g€, 32 flpo,rrraa <Apucru,qar-s l?tig r., .inraieai-rrraiox flerp Carboo. soB 3a[ficaJl na noc,:e,[Hefi gqall{le xusru: rMucax npexpac'nu, n'e'pe. BoA n-Jrox' ([IIE, ru_uQp: 18.261.644). 33 Apxcrnl, unt Hriiurnufi narpnor.-M., l7g5, c.22,73_24. Jt. A. IlyTeuecTBHe pasyna o enponeftcxne o6aacrt. -_-'Aapaqqon[ q. l.-M., 1783, c. ll. 3s Tau xe, c. 16. Cu.: ,[,rrlnrpuee B. . _ _ B r'rnpe xHsr, 1976, J,,lb Z, c. 84. s8 |,opoacxan r{ aepeBencKas 6n6lnmexa, l/g6, ,r. 12, c. 164. -' mocKoBcKoe exeMecqqgoe HgAantre, l7gl;.r, l, c. X-noannci,nrr !8 CyAr- no cnHcKaM noAnlrcqnKoB liet Hoa'r."nri Vr.nsqe H apyrrx ropo,uax), " Mocrse, Aip""a BHsBaJra Hnrepec
l9p9l9: Herfo*lKo
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'- rreHH y. llnolbr yeAHHeHHt, ocHoBaHHbre B[.[ax o nepeMeHe qe,r-o^s^eqecxoft xu3Htr._M., ." pyccxuft apxxn, 1897, J\|b g, c. ll7.
na paccvx,(eHHnx t{ nDa1790, c.-gt.
{r floxsara Coxpary...-M., .2 J-lonrnuoa M.'H. Vxas. co".,l7g{}, c.29_30. c. tit68.rt Cauxrnerep6yprcxxfr secrxux, IZZ-g, nos6pu, c. 36g_373. ".L-BolHltl KaraJlor pycc19fi KHHrH rpax.qaicrofi neqar[ XVIII
se-
l.-M., t962, c. BlB.' Eoaruraq qacrb rnpaxa gTHx KHun pa3AaBaJracb 6ecnaatuo gae-as HaM MacoHcKHx Jro)K. orHaKo cnpoc Ha gnx 6u.n raK BerHK, qro, no cnora:_1725-1800. T.
H', ll1Il._ IporacoBa, xnura ^rfopaeaxi nrrucor) (pyccKrr-t apxus, 1897,
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c. l14).
ro BpeMf ipy'ojiir''iro
l7g4, Nb 92! i6 nor6pn, c. 922. I& 64, 9 inrycri, c. S-gtili8fl _t^8 !9a4x_oa H. H. Lls6i. coe.,'c. Sbz, SSs. obb.' |:_DAH oppK, 1.4.44,'n.6, z;6.;'hpnh--Fb, prl, on. N! 62, 11
rvlocKoBcKt{e BeaoMocru,
I""
.r. 95.
xe,
178E,
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apxnn, 1868, nst. 2-e, cr6. 616-6t2. ll Lvq..*t! :: OIAe{ 4. n. HoBHKoB ll ero coBpeMennnxn, c. 4lS. ot nHcbMeHHHx ucroquuxos fbcylapcmeunoro rcropuqecxoro Q. t, on. t, a. t4b, .'r. l-5.--'^-'-' "y.rjT,C.CSP, -' n. yr. noBltKoB H ero coBpeMeuurxt, c. 4tb.
t6{
1895, c' 16' 5{ f,nusra C. H, 3anucxx. -Cn6', BeAouocrtl) 5t fl oAnrcgas nJrara Ha <Mocxoscrne
c
{7 , nt't.roput..it'.pnn"ut*u"" cu itcxoir ottn'lltoQttxu>. -"i;'tji,qM, io, on. 225, a. 63, 89' 'r'
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rn xlparredHo, -y-'*"tut".aa*qro po3nuqnar ueHa Hexoropbrx' "91-6_o1:u l9l.y-11Bnpexnen' Homxoscxnx Hsaaxtrfi 6dra ocrasreHa Bcex co
