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>, 1953-1964 ......................................... 353
9
II E P I E X O MENA
o M7tpE!;Vtecp XlXt 'Y] O''tIXO't(J-O't'Y]'tIX, 1964-1982 ....................................................... 366 H XPtO''Y] 'tou xO(J-(J-OUVtO'(J-ou XlXt 'Y] 7tepeO''tpotxlX 'tou rXOp(J-7tIX'tO'WCP, 1982-1991
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380
KE�AAAIO ENATO: H AIIOTYXIA TOY KOMMOYNI:EMOY :ETHN ANATOAIKH EYPOIIH ............................. . . . . . .. .. ..... ...... . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 399 KO(J-(J-ouvtO'(J-o� XlXt O''tIXAtV07tOt'Y]O''Y], 1945-1953
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399
H «1X7tOO''tIXAtV07tot'Y]O''Y]» XlXt 't1X e7tlXxoAou6ci 't'Y]�, 1953-1964 ................................ 418 H AVIX'tOAtX� Eupw7t'Y] U7tO 'to OOY(J-IX M7tpE!;Vtecp, 1964-1982 ................................ 433 H OtciAUO''Y] 'tou O'obte'ttXOu O'UO''t�(J-IX'tO�, 1982-1991 ............................................... 449 BIBAIorpA�IA
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EYPETHPIO IIPO:EOIION . . . . . ............................................................................. . . . 479
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M1tE:Ve:AOU� M:EI (ERM) NATO OEO:E (OEEC) ORE OO:EA (OECD) OII E K IIA:EOK
.1taO"xe:IjJ'Y] yta '!'Y]v AO"cpaAe:ta xat '!'Y] �uve:pyaO"ia o"'!'Y]v Eu PW1t'Y] .1taO"u(J.(J.a'X}x� Em'!po1t� EAEYXOU (Allied Control Council) .1te:6VEC; NO(J.tO"(J.a'!txo Ta(J.do - International Monetary Fund Eupw1ta" t"x� Aoyto"'!tX� Movaoa Eupw1ta"r." x� A(J.uv'!tx� Kotvo'!'Y]'!a E6vtxo A1te:Ae:u6e:pw'!txO ME'!W1tO (EAAaoa) Eupw1ta"ix� 'EvwO"'Y] Eupw1ta"r."x� Z wv'Y] EAe:u6e:pwv �uvaAAaywv Eupw1ta"ix� Kotvo'!'Y]'!a Av6paxa xat XaAuba EAA'Y]VtXOC; Aa" ( xoc; A1te:AW6e:pw'!txOC; �'!pa'!oc; (EAAaoa) Eupw1ta"(xo N o(J.tO"(J.a'!txo �uo"'!'Y](J.a Eupw1ta"(x� Otxovo(J.tX� Kotvo'!'Y]'!a E6vtx� OpyavwO"tC; Ku1tpiwv AywvtO"'!wv Eupw1ta"r."x� I1oAt'!tX� Kowo'!'Y]'!a BaO"txo au'!ovo(J.to"'!tXO xiv'Y](J.a E6vtxo IVO"'!t'!ou'!o BW(J.'Y]xaviac; (IO"1tavia) Kotv� Aypo'!tx� I1oAt'!tX� (EO K) KO(J.(J.ouvtO"'!tXO KO(J.(J.a '!'Y]C; �Obte:'!tX�C; 'EvwO"'Y]c; �U(J.bOUAW yta '!'Y]V A(J.otbaia Otxovo(J.tX� Bo�6e:ta I '!aAtXO KotvwvtXO Kiv'Y](J.a Te:Awve:taX� EVWo"'Y] Be:Ayiou-OAAavoiac;-Aou�e:(J.bOupyou M 'Y]XavtO"(J.0c; �uvaAAay(J.a'!txwv 100o'!t(J.tWV OpyavtO"(J.oc; '!ou Bope:wa'!Aav'!tXOu �u(J.cpwvou OpyavtO"(J.oc; Eupw1ta"t"x�c; Otxovo(J.tX�C; �uve:pyaO"iac; OpyavtO"(J.oc; H VW(J.EVWV E6vwv OpyavtO"(J.oc; yta '!'Y]V Otxovo(J.tX� �uve:pyaO"ia xat Ava1t'!u�'Y] OpyavtO"(J.oc; I1e:'!pe:Aawe:�aywytxwV Kpa'!wv I1ave:AA�vW �oO"taAto"'!tXO Kiv'Y](J.a
12
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H EYPOllH TOY '¥YXPOY llOAEMOY, 1945-199 1 : llOAITIKH IETOPIA
opoc; 7tpoCT't"t6EfJ-e:Vl]C; CX�(CXC; KOfJ-fJ-CX Au't"txoye:PfJ-CX\lWV IIpoCT�uywv �OCTtCXAtCT't"tXO XCXt Al]fJ-oxpcx't"tXO KEV't"pO (IIop't"0ycxA(CX) XptCT't"tCXVOOl]fJ-OXPCX't"tXYj 'EVWCTl] (Au't"txYj re:pfJ-CXv(cx) I't"cxAtxo e:Pycx't"tXO CTUVOtXCXAtCT't"tXO x(\ll]fJ-cx �UVOfJ-OCT7tOVO(CX e:pycx't"w\I r CXAA(CXC; Ke:v't"ptxYj Y7tl]pe:CT(CX IIAl]poq)QptWV (HIlA) EXCT't"PCX't"e:iCX ytCX 't"ov IIupl]\ltxO A�07tAtCTfJ-O (M" Bpe:'t"cx\l(cx) XptCT't"tCX\ltXYj Kotvw\ltxYj 'EVWCTl] (Au't"txYj re:pfJ-CXv(cx) XptCT't"tCX\100l]fJ-0xpcc.'t"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx (I't"CXA(CX) (Au't"txo)ye:PfJ-CXVtXO K0fJ-fJ-0U\ltCT't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx EAe:u6e:pot Al]fJ-oxpa't"e:c; (Au't"txYj re:pfJ-CX\l(cx) E6vtxo A7te:Ae:u6e:pw't"txO ME't"W7tO (AAye:p(CX) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (re:VtxYj CTUfJ-�W \I(cx ACXCTfJ-WV XCXt EfJ-7top(ou) Ke:\I't"ptxYj Y7tl]pe:dcx OtXO\l0fJ-tXOU �Xe:OtCXCTfJ-OU (E���) Atl]7te:tpw't"tXOC; BCXAtCT't"tXOC; IIupcxuAoc; Intermediate Nuclear Forces IpAcx\lotXOC; Al]fJ-oxpcx't"tXOC; �'t"pcx't"oc; I\lCT't"t't"ou't"o ytCX 't"l] BtofJ-l]xcxvtxYj A\lCXCTUYXpO't"l]CTl] (hCXA(CX) E7tt't"po7tYj Kpcx't"txYjc; ACTtpaAe:tCXC; (E���) K(vl]fJ-cx E\107tAWV AU\lafJ-e:w\I (IIop't"0ycxA(cx) " Acx r.xo Pe:7tOUfJ-7tAtXCX\ltXO K(vl]fJ-cx (r CXAA(CX) I't"cxAtxo KOfJ-fJ-OUVtCT't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx Al]fJ-oxpcx't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx 't"l]C; AptCT't"e:pac; (hCXA(CX) �OCTtCXAtCT't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx (r CXAA(CX) I 't"CXAtXO �OCTtCXAtCT't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx �uvcxye:PfJ-OC; 't"ou rCXAAtXOU Acxou (YXWAtXO(-rCXAA(CX) �uvcxye:PfJ-OC; ytCX 't"l] Al]fJ-oxpcx't"(cx (YXWAtXO(-rCXAA(CX) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty �OCTtCXAOl]fJ-OXpcx't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx (M" Bpe:'t"cxvtcx) �OCTtCXAtCT't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx Evo't"l]'t"cxc; (A\lCX't"OAtXYj re:pfJ-CX\l(cx) �OCTtCXAtCT't"tXO XCXt tAe:Ae:u6e:po Al]fJ-oxpcx't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx ( M " Bpe:'t"cxv(cx) �OCTtCXAOl]fJ-OXpCX't"tXO KOfJ-fJ-cx (Au't"txYj re:pfJ-CXv(cx) Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Al]fJ-oxpcx't"txYj 'E\lWCTl] KEV't"pOU (ICT7tCXV(CX) 'EVWCTl] ytCX 't"l] rCXAAtXYj Al]fJ-oxpcx't"(cx (rCXAA(CX) Western European Union (Au't"txoe:uPW7tcx"r.xYj 'E\lWCTl])
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Et!J-ctL LOLctt'tEPct EU"(\IW!J-WV O''tov Dr John Stevenson, !J-E 'tov 01toto O'UVEP yaO''tl)xct O''tO IIctvEmO''t�!J-LO 'tou �€CPLAV't , E1tELO� 1tpw'toe; !J-E 1tctpctXtvl) O'E Vct ypa\jJw !J-Lct YEVLX� LO''tOptct 'tl)e; !J-E'tct1tOAE!J-LX�e; Eupw1tl) e; , XctL O''tov Christopher Wheeler O''tO Edward Arnold, 1tOU Ev6appuvE 'to €pyo . H 1tctpouO'ct !J-EA€'tl) OEV ct1tO'tEAd 1tpo·�ov 1tPW'toyEvoue; €pEUVcte; . E�ayE'tctL ct1tO 'tl) yvwO'l) 'tou O'uyypctcp€ct yLct 'tl) bPE'tctVLX� XctL yctAALX� 1tOAL'tLX� XctL 'tl) OLE6v� LO''tOptct, ctAAa bctO't�E'tctL xuptWc; O'E Ol)!J-oO'LEU!J-€VEe; EPYct O'tEe; aAAwv EpEUVl)'tWV , 1tOU ctVctCP€POV'tctL O''tl) bLbALOypctcptct O''to 't€AOe; 'tou bLbAtoU. IIoAuapL6!J-oL cptAOL XctL O'uvaoEAcpOL, E1ttO'l) e; , O'u��'tl)O'ctV oLacpopct �l)'t�!J-ct'tct !J-ct�t !J-OU XctL dXctv Xa1tOLct E1ttOpctO'l) O''to bLbAto, ctAAa 6ct �6EAct LOLctt'tEPct Vct EUXctpLO''t�O'W 'tov Dr Michael Burleigh, 'tov Dr John Kent XctL 'tov Dr David Stevenson 'tou London School of Economics, 'tov Dr Philip Taylor 'tou IIctvEmO''tl)!J-tou 'tou Al)V'te; , 'tl)V Dr Judy B att 'tou IIctvEmO''tl)!J-tou 'tou A€O'up XctL OUO ct1tO 'toue; !J-E'tct1t'tUXLctXOUe; !J-ou CPOL'tl)'t€e; , 'tov Klaus Larres XctL 'tov Euav6l) Xct't�l)bctO'LAdou . To XEL poypctcpo Octx'tuAoypctcp�6l)XE ct1tO 'tl)V Janet Smith, 'tl) Mary McCormick XctL 'tl) Lindy Brownbridge XctL 'to Xd!J-EVO Em!J-EA�6l)XE l) Brigette Vale. II€pct o!J-we; ct1tO 'tl) !J-qaAl) !J-ou OCPELA� O'E OAct ctu'ta 'tct 1tpoO'W1tct, 'to 'tEALXO ct1tO't€AEO'!J-ct dVctL OLXO !J-ou €pyo XctL d!J-ctL EyW u1tEu6uvoe; yLct 'tLe; 01tOLEe; ct't€AELEe; 1tctpct!J-€VOUV 0" ctu'to. John W. Young 2 LE1t'tE(-LbptOU 1 990
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H ETPnrrH TOT 'l'TXPOT rrOAEMOT, 1945- 199 1 : rrOAITIKH I.ETOPIA
a'J't�'tax6d CT'tY)\I EAK xa� 1tO).)..o[ <pobY)6Y)xa\l O't� 6a Xa'tECT'tpe:> . XP'Y)CJt(J-01tOt�6'Y)XE 't"O't"E 'Y) E�€'t"aCJ'Y) 't"'Y)� 6pE't"aVt X�� ai't"'Y)CJ'Y)� yta €V't"a�'Y) CJ't"'Y)V EOK CJav (J-ta 60AtX� OtxawAoyia WCJ't"E va 1tapa(J-EptCJ't"d 'Y) 1tEpat't"€pw E:1tiCJ'Y)(J-'Y) CJu��'t"'Y)CJ'Y) 't"ou CJ'X,Eoiou ouCJ€ ' H a1to't"u'X,ia 't"ou CJ'X,Eoiou ouCJ€ OEV €OWCJE 't"€AO� xat CJ't"t� otacpwviE� 't"ou N't"e: rXWA (J-E 't"ou� Eupw1taiou� E't"aipou� 't"ou . To 1962 0 CJ't"pa't"'Y) "(o� CJUV€'X,t�E va aV'Y)CJu'X,d yta 't"0 POAO 't"'Y)� A(J-EptX��, ota 't"ou NATO, CJ't"'Y)v Eupw1t'Y) , a1toooxi(J-a�E 't"0 «(J-EyaAo CJ'X,€ow» 't"ou 1tpO€OpOU K€VVEV't"U yta 't"'Y)v ava6a6(J-tCJ'Y) 't"'Y)� a't"Aav't"tX�� CJuvEpyaCJia� xat EVO'X,A�6'Y)XE CJ06apa o't"av Ot Bpe:'t"avoi ayopaCJav a1to 't"'Y)v OuaCJtyx't"ov tva V€O CJuCJ't"'Y)(J-a 1tU p'Y)VtXWV 01tAWV, 't"ou� 1tUpaUAOu� « IIoAapt� » . To yqovo� au't"o 't"ou €OW CJE 't"'Y) otxawAoyia, 't"ov Iavouapw 't"ou 1 9 63 , va aCJx�CJEt 6€'t"0 CJ't"'Y)v ai 't"'Y)CJ'Y) 't"'Y)� BpE't"avia� yta €v't"a�'Y) CJ't"'Y)v EOK, tCJ'X,Upt�O(J-EVO� o't"t 'Y) BpE 't"avia 6a a1to't"EAoUCJE 't"0 «�OUpEW 'l7t1to» 't"'Y)� A(J-EptX�� CJ't"'Y)v Eupw1t'Y) . To 6€'t"0 e:VO'X,A'Y)CJE €v't"ova oAa 't"a aAAa (J-€A'Y) 't"'Y)� Kotvo't"'Y)'t"a� , EtOtXa 't"o B€Ayw xat 't"'Y)V OAAavoia . :E'X,E06v a(J-€CJw� wCJ't"oCJo, 0 CJ't"pa't"'Y)yo� xa't"a cpEpE va EOpatwCJe:t xat 1taAt 't"'Y) 6€CJ'Y) 't"ou , Em6E6atwvov't"a� 't"'Y)V «EtOtX� CJ'X,€CJ'Y)>> 't"ou (J-e: 't"ov KovpaV't" AV't"EvaouEp (J-E (J-ia yaAAoYEp(J-aVtX� CJuv6�x'Y) CJuve:pyaCJia� . M €'X,pt 't"ov A1tpiAW U1to'X,wP'Y)CJe: 't"0 aiCJ6'Y)(J-a 't"'Y)� xpiCJ'Y)� ava(J-e:CJa CJ't"ou� 'E�t, o't"av CJu(J-CPWV�6'Y)XE va Em't"a'X,uv6d axo(J-a 1tEptCJCJO't"EpO 'Y) 1topda 1tpO� 't"'Y)V 't"EAWVEtaX� €vwCJ'Y) . Au't"� 't"'Y)V 1te:piooo 0 N't"E rXWA avu1to(J-oVOUCJE va 1tpO'X,Wp�CJEt 0 CJ'X,EOtaCJ(J-o� 't"'Y)� KAIT xat cpatvo't"av o't"t e:�at't"ia� au't"ou iCJw� va €xave: 1tapa'X,wp�CJEt� 1tpO� 't"ou� E't"aipou� 't"ou . :E't"t� ap'X,€� 't"ou 1 9 64 o(J-w� , ot CJ'X,€CJe:t� e:moEtvw6'Y)xav �ava, o't"av ot 'E�t OEV xa't"op6wCJav va CJu(J-cpwv�CJouv CJe: (J-ta 1tpo't"aCJ'Y) , yvwCJ't"� W� «CJ'X,€OW MavCJ'X,oA't"» , wCJ't"e: va 1tpO'X,Wp�CJEt axo(J-a yP'Y)yopo't"e:pa 'Y) KAIT . 0 N't"E r XWA �'t"av E:1tiCJ'Y)� a1toyo'Y)'t"w(J-€VO� (J-E 't"'Y)v 1tOAt't"tX� 't"'Y)� �u't"tX�� rEp(J-avia� (J-E't"a 't"'Y)v 1tapai't"'Y)CJ'Y) 't"ou AV't"e:vaoue:p a1to 't"'Y) 6€CJ'Y) 't"ou 't"O 1 9 63 xat EVO'X,A�6'Y)XE tOtai't"Epa a1to 't"0 ,,(Ep(J-aVtXo EvOtacp€pov 1tpO� tva a(J-EptXaVtxo CJ'X,€OW yta 1tOAU(J-EP� 1tUP'Y)VtX� ouva(J-'Y) CJ't"o NATO . Ev (J-€pEt E�at't"ia� 't"'Y)� av't"i6ECJ'Y)� 't"wv BpE't"avwv CJ't"O va 'X,aCJouv 't"'Y)v 1tUP'Y) VtX� 't"ou� aVE�ap't"'Y)CJia xat 't"wv faAAwv CJ't"o va ava1t't"u'X,60uv CJ't"Evo't"e:pm oECJ(J-oi (J-E't"a�u HITA xat Eupw1t'Y)�, ot H ITA oUCJtaCJ't"txa qxa't"€AWvaV Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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H ErporrH Tor 'l' rx po r rr OAEMor, 1945- 199 1 : rrOAITIKH IETOPIA
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p.E:yaAou cxpL6p.ou xop.p.a'twv O''to KOLVObOUALO . nCX vcx E:1tL'te:u'X,6d 0 'tE: Ae:u'tCX[OEpV"Y)'ttXO a�tw(J-a, aAAcX 0 rX€VO'Ep 7tap€(J-EwE we; U7tOupyoe; E�w'tEptxwV xat �'tav O'E 6€O'"Y) va O'UVEX(O'Et 't"Y)v OO''t7tOAt't(X . To (J-EyaAu'tEpo (J-€poe; 't"Y)e; CDU �'tav 'twpa €'tOt(J-o va oEX6d 't"Y)V OO''t7tOAt't(X, OEOO(J-€V"Y)e; 't"Y)e; o"Y)(J-o'ttXo't"Y)'tcXe; 't"y)e; , axo(J-"Y) xat av 'to xa6EO''tWe; 't"Y)e; Ava'toAtX�e; rEp(J-av(ae; O''ta (J-€O'a 't"Y)e; oExaE't(ae; 'tou 1 9 80 , , ' ,� a7tOl\u'tapXtXO �, , II EptO'O'o'tEpa ... ' 00'0 7tav'ta. oaVEta xa'tE:U 6uv"Y)'tav 'to toW ' 6"Y)xav 7tpOe; 't"Y)v Ava'toAtX� rEp(J-avta, EVW t>EA'ttw6"Y)xav xat 'ta 't"Y)AE mxotvwvtaxcX otx'tua. �'tov EO'W'tEptXO 'to(J-€a "Y) xut>€pv"Y)O'"Y) KOA axoAou6"Y)O'E 7tOAt'ttX� 7tE PWptO'(J-ou 'twv o"Y)(J-oO'twv oa7tavwv, aV€x6"y)xE Eva u�"Y)A6 m(7tEOO aVEp y(ae; xat Emo(w�E va a7toxa'taO''t�O'Et 't"Y)V EmXEtp"Y)(J-a'ttx� E(J-mO''toO'uv"Y) (J-E €pv"Y)O'"Y)e; . ME 't"Y)v a7to XWP"Y)O'"Y) 'tou �(J-t't xat 'tou X€P(J-7tEp't B€vEp a7to 't"Y)v 7tOAt'ttX� O'x"Y)v� 'to 1 983 , 0 M7tpan, 0 7tpOEOpOe; 'tou xO(J-(J-a'toe; , �'tav yta (J-ta axo(J-a <popcx "Y) "Y)yE nx� ouva(J-"Y) O''tO SPD, aAAcX a7t€'tuXE va 6€O'Et U7tO €AEYXO 't"Y)v apt O''tEpcx. H cXvoooe; 'tou KO(J-(J-a'toe; 'twv IIpaO'(vwv EtXE > p.e:'ta�u 'twv &xpwv 'tou yXWAtO"P.OU xat 'tou xop.P.OUVtO"p.ou , xa't&cpe:pav va xpa'tY)60uv O"'tY)V e:�ouO"ta, e:v p.ipe:t e:7te:toY) oe:v e:7tpoxe:t'to va ytvouv ye:vtxie; e:xAoyie; 7tptv 'to 1 95 1 . AAA& 'to RPF dXe: x&7tota e:7ttopaO"y) O"'ty)v E6vtxY) �UViAe:uO"Y) , e:7te:toy) optO"p.ivot e:X7tp0O"W7tot Y)'tav 7tp06up.ot va a7to XWPY)O"ouv a7to 'ta xop.p.a't& 'toue; xat va 7tp0o"Xwpy)O"ouv O"'to xop.p.a 'tou N"t"E: rXWA. O t xptO"'ttavooY)p.oxp&'te:e; Y)'tav totat'te:pa 'tpw'tOt O"'tte; e:m6i O"e:te; a7to 'to RPF, 'to 07tOtO Ote:XOtxouO"e: 'ty)v U7toO"'tY)Pt�Y) 7tapop.otWV 7tAY)6uO"p.taxwv op.&owv . �'ty)v 7tp&�Y) , e:7tpoxe:t'to yta p.ta xa't&O"'taO"y) aV&Ao yY) p.e: au'ty) 7tOU antp.e:'twm�av ot O"oO"taAtO"'tie; O"'tov av'taywvtO"p.o 'toue; p.e: 'toue; xop.p.ouvtO"'tie; . MiXpt 'to 1 9 5 1 ot xptO"'ttavooY)p.oxp&'te:e; 7tapip.e:tvav Y) paxoxoXaAt& OAWV 'twv XUbe:PVY)O"e:wv 'tY)e; «'tpt'tY)e; O6vap.Y) e; » , O"uvY)6we; p.a�t p.e: 'toue; O"oO"taAtO"'tie; . AAA& O"'tte; e:xAoyie; 'tou IouvLou 'tou 1 9 5 1 'to 7toO"oO"'to 'twv �Y)cpwv 'tou MRP i7te:O"e: O"'to p.OAte; 1 3 ,5 'tote; e:xa'to, O"e: O"uyxPtO"Y) p.e: 'to 26 'tOte; e:xa'to 'twv xop.P.OUVtO"'twv, 'to 2 1 ,5 'tote; e:xa'to 'tou RPF xat 'to 1 5 ,5 'tote; e:xa'to 'twv O"oO"taAtO"'twv . To U7tOAOmO 'twv �Y)cpwv p.otp&O"'tY)xe: p.e:'ta�u p.tXpo'te:pwv xop.p.&'twv, ye:Vtx& 'tY)e; xe:v'tpooe:�t&e; . Ev p.ipe:t yta va anaywvtO"'td p.e: 'to RPF yta 'tte; �Y)cpoue; 'twv pwp.awxa60AtXWV, 'to �e:7t'tiP.bpW 'tou 1 9 5 1 , 'to MRP, U7toO"'tY)Pt�op.e:vo a7to &AAe:e; O"unY)pY)'tt xie; op.&oe:e; , 7tipaO"e: 'toue; Nop.oue; 'tou M7tapav�i xat Mapt, p.e: 'toue; 07tOtOUe; 066Y)xav x&7tota p.tXp& 7toO"& xpa'ttxY)e; e:vtO"xuO"y)e; O"e: 6pY)O"xe:u 'ttx& O"xoAda. Au'to, wO"'toO"o, O"UV'tiAe:O"e: O"'tO va a7top.axpuv6d 'to MRP a7to 'toue; antXAY)ptXOUe; O"oO"taAtO"'tie; . Ta 060 xop.p.a'ta oe:v P.Otp&O"'tY)xav �av& 'ty)v e:�ouO"ta O"e: x&7tow U7toupytXO O"UP.bOUAW O"uvaO"mO"p.ou p.iXpt 'to 1 9 5 7 , 7tap ' OAO 7tOU xat 'ta 060 O"uvixtO"av va 7tpoO"cpipouv O"'tY)v «'tPt'tY) ouvap.Y) >> 'ty) O"'tY)Pt�Y) 'toue; O"'tte; XOtvObOUAe:U'ttxie; �Y)cpocpopte:e; . �'tY)v 7tpayp.a'ttxo'tY)'ta, ot O"oO"taAtO"'tie; Y)'tav e:x'toe; XUbe:PVY)O"e:wv yta OAY) 'tY)v 7te:ptooo 1 9 5 1 -5 6 . O t e:xAoyie; 'tou 1 9 5 1 au�Y)O"av 'tte; OUO"XoAte:e; 'tou O"xy)p.a'ttO"p.ou xu bipvY)O"Y) e; . Axop.Y) xat 7tptV a7to au'tie; , Y) Ti'tap'tY) �Y)p.oxpa'tta dXe: 7tapouO"t&O"e:t cpatvop.e:va 7tOAt'ttXy)e; aO"'t&6e:tae; , xat p.&AtO"'ta 7tOAU op.ota Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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!J.E au'tcX 'tY)e; T pt'tY)e; �y)!J.oxpa'ttae; . EtXE ytVEt 1tPOCT1tcXOEta va Otaq:lOpo1toty)Od 'to !J.E'ta1tOAE!J.tXO a1tO 'to 1tp01tOAE!J.tXO EXAOytXO CTUCT'tY)!J.a, !J.E 'to 01tOtO EXAEyov'tav CT'ty) BOUA1) 1tOAAOt aVE�cXp'tY)'tOt 't01ttXOt av'tt1tpo CTW1tOt . To 1946 Ot U1tO�1)cptOt EXAEyov'tav !J.E «xo!J.!J.a'ttXEe; AtCT'tEe;» CTE 1tOAUEOptXEe; EXAoytXEe; 1tEptcpEpEtEe; . Au'to 'to CTuCT'tY)!J.a 1tE'tUXE we; Eva baO!J.o. TouAcXXtCT'tov !J.dWCTE 'tov aptO!J.o 'twv aVE�cXp'ty)'twv bOUAEU'tWV xat E'tEtVE va EVtCTXUEt 'ta 'tpta !J.EYaAU'tEpa xO!J.!J.a'ta . To 1 9 4 6 , EVW 0 xO!J.!J.OuVtCT't1)e; U1tO�1)cptOe; xpEta�o'tav !J.ovo 3 3 .000 �1)cpoue; xa'tcX !J.ECTO opo yta va EXAEyd, Evae; pt�OCT1tcXCT'tY)e; xpEta�o'tav 45 .000 �1)cpoue; . 'O!J.we; axo!J.a u1t1)Pxav !J.tXpcX xO!J.!J.a'ta, Xt E'tCTt 'to 195 1 , !J.E !J.ta EvnAWe; xu Vtx1) XtVY)CTY) 'twv U1tOCT'ty)ptX'twv 'tY)e; «'tpt'tY)e; O6va!J.Y)e; » , 'to EXAoytXO CTU CT'tY)!J.a cXAAa�E 1tpOXEt!J.EVOU va !J.EtWOOUV Ot EOpEe; 1tOU Oa xEpOt�aV 'ta 060 " ' xat 'to RPF . Y 1t0' 'to VEO , CTUCT'ty)xO!J.!J.a'ta 'twv axpwv, Ot xO!J.!J.OUVtCT'tEe; !J.a 'ta xO!J.!J.a'ta Oa !J.1tOpOUCTav va 1tPOXWP1)CTOUV CTE EXAoytXEe; CTU!J.!J.a XtEe; CT'tte; EXAOytXEe; 1tEptcpEpEtEe; xat Oa XEpOt�aV OAEe; 'tte; EOpEe; 'tY)e; 1tE ptcpEpEtae; EcXV AcX!J.bavav 'ty)v 1tAEtO�Y)cpta 'twv �1)cpwv . Au'to 'to CTUCT'tY)!J.a xat 1tcXAt EX1tA1)PWCTE 'to baCTtXO 'tOU CT'tOXO : Ot XO!J.!J.OUVtCT'tEe; xat 'to RPF CTuvcXV'tY)CTav OUCTXOAtEe; CT'tO va AcXbOUV !J.EpOe; CTE EXAOytXEe; CTU!J.!J.axtEe; , Xt E'tCTt ExaCTav EOpEe; . IIapcX 'to !J.EycXAO 'tOUe; 1tOCTOCT'tO, Ot XO!J.!J.OUVtCT'tEe; xa'tEAabav 'tov tOtO aptO!J.o EOpWV !J.E 'tOUe; CToCTtaAtCT'tEe; CT'tY) vEa EOvtx1) �UVEAEUCTY) . 0 pt�OCT1tcXCT'tY)e; U1tO�1)cptOe; xpEta�o'tav 'twpa xa'tcX !J.ECTO opo !J.ovo 25 .000 �1)cpoue; CTE CTUYXptCTY) !J.E Evav XO!J.!J.OUVtCT't1), 1tOU xpEta�O 'tav 5 1 .000 . AAAcX !J.ta 'tE'tOta EXAoytX1) !J.EOOOEUCTY) OEV (01)OY)CTE 'to xa OECT'tWe; va XEpOtcrEt 'tY)v EX'tt!J.y)CTY) 'tou Aaou xat dXE we; a1tO'tEAECT!J.a !J.ta OtaCT1taCT!J.EvY) EOvtx1) �UVEAEUCTY) . r EVtXcX, Ot XUbEpV1)CTEte; 1)'tav 1tOAU 1tt0 CTUV'tY)pY)'ttXEe; a1tO 1tptV , OXt !J.OVO E1tEt(1) OEV CTU!J.!J.E'tdxav CT' aU'tEe; ot CTOCTtaAtCT'tEe; , aAAcX E1ttCTy) e; , !J.E'tcX 'tY)V 1tpwOU1toupyta 'tou Av'toucXv IItVE (Antoine Pinay) 'to 1 9 5 2 , yta va XEPOtCTOUV 'tY)v U1tOCT't1)Pt�Y) XcX1tOtWV cmo 'ta !J.EAY) 'tou RPF. To RPF, 1tOU OEV xa'tcXcpEpE va XEPOtCTEt 'tte; EXAO yEe; 'tou 1 9 5 1 , dXE xat 'to tOtO otxaCTnL IIpcXY!J.a'tt, 'to McXtO 'tou 1953 o N'tE r XWA OtEAUCTE 'to xtvY)!J.a, aAAcX Ot o1taoot 'tou 1tapE!J.EtVaV !J.ta CTY) !J.av'ttx1) 1tapcX!J.E'tpOe; CT'ty)V aptO!J.Y)'ttx1) 'twv XOtVObOUAEU'ttXWV 1tAEtO�Y) q:nwv . H u1tap�Y) OUO xO!J.!J.cX'twv CT'ta cXxpa xat Y) 1tAY)Owpa 'tWV O!J.cXOWV 'tY)e; «'tpt'tY)e; ouva!J.Y)e;» CTUVE'tEAECTav CT'ty) OY)!J.tOupyta EVOe; CTUCT't1)!J.a'tOe; ota XUbEpVY)CTY)e; baCTtCT!J.EvOU CTE Ecp1)!J.EpOUe; , aCT'taOde; CTUVaCT1ttCT!J.OUe; . ME'ta �U 'tOU �EXE!J.bptOu 1947 xat 'tOU Ma"fou 1958 Y) Thap'ty) �y)!J.oxpa'tta ,
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oe:v dXe: AtyO'te:pe:� (X7t0 dxocrt fJ-(a xu6e:pv�G"e:t� . Me:ptxo( 7tpw6U7toupyo( 7tapEfJ-e:tvaV G"'t"Y)v e:�ouG"ia fJ-OAt� yta A(ye:� fJ-Epe:�' fJ-OVO 060 e:7tt6(wG"av yta 7te:ptG"G"O'te:pOU� a7tO owoe:xa fJ-�ve:� . I10AAO( �'tav fJ-EA"Y) fJ-tXpO'te:pwv XOfJ- fJ-(i'twv . LUfJ-qlWVa fJ-e: 'to LunaYfJ-a, Ot xu6e:pv�G"e:t� �'tav U7tOXpe:WfJ-EVe:� va 7tapat't"Y)60uv e:av Exavav fJ-e: a7tOAU't"Y) 7tAe:to�"Y)qlia G"e: �"Y) qlOqlop(a e:fJ-7tt G"'tOG"uv"Y)� � G"e: 7tpo'taG""y) fJ-OfJ-ql�� . AAAa G"'t"Y)v 7tpa�"Y) , OptG"fJ-EVOt G"uvaG"7tt G"fJ-O( G"uv�6w� G"uyxpo'tounav yta va antfJ-e:'tW7t(G"OUv xa7tOta G"uyxe:xpt fJ-Eva 7tp06A�fJ-a'ta xat fJ-e:'ta OtaAUov'tav . Ot 7tpw6U7toupyo( 7tapat'touv'tav e:av Exavav G"e: fJ-ta tota('te:pa G""y)fJ-av'ttx� �"Y)qloqlop(a � e:av Eva xOfJ-fJ-a a7toXwpouG"e: a7to 'to G"uvaG"7ttG"fJ- o . Me:ptXE� qlOpE� , e:7t(G""Y)�, otaxtvouvwav xwpk AOyO . Ot 7tpw6u7toupyo(, yta 7tapaoe:tYfJ-a, e:7tEfJ-e:vav va e:yxp(vo v'tat 'ta U7toupytxa 'tou� G"UfJ-60UAta a7tO 't"Y)v Eevtx� LUVEAWG""y) fJ-OAt� 'ta " , 'te:'tOtO , e:7te:I\e:yav, 7tap ' 01\0 xa 6OI\OU . 0 'tav �oe:v "Y)'tav , '"\ a7tapat't"Y)'to ' "\ ' "\ 7tOU xa'tt E7te:ql'te: xa7tota XU6EPV"Y)G"Y) , G"uxva xpe:ta�o'tav va 7te:paG"ouv 7tOAAE� fJ-E pe:� yta va G"X"y) fJ-a'ttG"'td fJ-ta aAA"Y) xat fJ-e:ptXE� qlOPE� "Y) xp(G""Y) otapxouG"e: yta fJ-�ve:� . L'tt� 19 IouA(ou 1948, yta 7tapaoe:tYfJ-a, 0 7tpw6u7toupyo� Po fJ-7tEp LOUfJ-aV 7tapat't�6"Y)xe: xat G"'tt� 24 0 AnpE Map( (Andre Marie) aVEAa6e: 'to G"X"y) fJ-a'ttG"fJ-o e:vo� VEOU U7toupytXOU G"UfJ-60UA(OU ' 0 Map(, OfJ-W� , U7t0Xpe:w6"y ) xe: va 7tapat't"Y) 6d G"'tt� 2 7 AuyouG"'tou xat 0 LOUfJ-av aVEAa6e: xat 7taAt G"'tt� 3 1 · 0 LoufJ-av au't� 't"Y) qlopa 7tapEfJ-e:tve: fJ-OAt� yta A(ye:� fJ-Epe:� ' xat fJ-OVO fJ-e: 'tov Avp( KEty (Henri Queuille) fJ-e:'ta 'tt� 1 1 Le:7t'te:fJ-6p(ou 7tpOEXU�e: fJ-ta G"'ta6e:p� XU6EPV"Y)G""Y) (oAa au'ta xa'ta 't"Y) otapxe:ta 'twv 7tpw'twv e:6oofJ-aowv 'tou a7tOxAe:tG"fJ-0U 'tou B e:POA(VOU ! ) . I1av'tw� , 'ta odYfJ-a'ta aG"'ta6e:ta� G"'t"Y)v TE'tap't"y) Ll"Y)fJ-oxpa't(a oe:v 7tPE7te:t va fJ-e:yaAo7totOunat . I1oAAO( U7toupyo( ota't"y) pouG"av 'ta u7toupyda 'tOU� e:vw Ot xu6e:pv�G"e:t� aAAa�av . To Y7toupydo E�w'tE:ptxWV , yta 7tapaoe:tYfJ-a (e:x'to� a7to Eva fJ-�va) , �'tav G"'ta XEpta d'te: 'tou Z wp� M7ttv'tw d'te: 'tou POfJ-7tEp LoufJ-av yta G"Xe:06v OExa xpovta, G"'ta 1 944-5 4 . Ot 7te:ptG"G"o'te:POt 7tpw6u7toupyoi dxav G"ufJ-fJ-e:'toX� G"'t"Y)v afJ-EG"w� 7tpo"Y)YOUfJ-e:v"Y) XU6EPV"Y)G""Y) , xat fJ-aAtG"'ta, G"e: apxe:'tE� 7te:pt7t'twG"e:t� , fJ-e:ptxoi �'tav xat 7tpw6u7toupyo( 't"Y) � . H G"'ta6e:po't"Y) 'ta, e:7tiG""Y) � , e:�aG"qlaAt�o'tav a7to 'tt� o"y) fJ-oG"te:� U7t"Y)pe:G"(e:� xat a7to 't"Y)v 7tOAU a7to'te:Ae:G"fJ-a'ttx� 7tpoe:opia 'tou BtVG"EV OptOA (Vincent Auriol) fJ-e:'ta�u 'tou 1 947 xat 'tou 1954 . 'OfJ-W� Eva G"uG"'t"Y)fJ-a 7tOU 6aG"t �o'tav G"e: 6paxu7tp06e:G"fJ-ou� G"uvaG"7ttG"fJ-ou� , axpwfJ-ou� 7tpWeU7tOupyou� , 7tapaG"x"y)vtaxa 7tOAt'ttXa 7ta�apta xat G"UXVE� xpbe:t� oe:v �'tav txavo va e:fJ-7tve:uG"e:t e:fJ-7ttG"'toG"uv"y) G"'tO Aao � G"'tO e:�w'te:ptxo. o x(vouvo� a7tWAe:ta� xa7tota� �"Y) qloqlop(a� G"'t"Y)V E6vtx� LUVEAWG""y) Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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1 9°
H ETPOrrH TOY 1JfYXPOY rrOAEMOY, 1945- 199 1 : rrOAITIKH I�TOPIA
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Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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H ErPOIIH TOr '¥rxpor IIoAEMor, 1945- 1 99 1 : IIOAITIKH Il:TOPIA
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Ata. Oer-.oero, -.€6"y]xav U7tO xpa-.�xo €A€:YXO op�erfJ-€VO� b�OfJ-"Y]xav�xot -'0fJ-Ek -.oue; 07tOtOue; OL E7ttXE�p"y]fJ-a-.tEe; 6a 7tpo-'�fJ-ouerav va EXfJ-E-.aAAEU-.OUV O� tOtoL H 7tA€OV a�toer"y]fJ-ELw-'"Y] 7tEpt7t-.wer"y] Yj-.av -'0 E6v�xo Iver-.�-.ou-.o EV€pyE�ae; U7tO -'"Y] o�Eu6uver"Y] EVOe; u7toer-."Y]p�x-.Yj -.ou DC , -.ou Evptxo Ma-.-.€� (Enrico Mattei) , -'0 07tOtO aV€7t-,u�E opaer-."Y]p�o-."Y]-.a er-.o a€pto, er-.o 7tE-'p€Aa�O xaL er-."Y]v 7tUp"Y]VLXYj EV€pyE�a. ME-.a�u -.ou 1950 xaL -.ou 1958 0 pu6fJ-0e; avcX7t-.u�"Y]e; -."Y]e; haAtae; �E7tEpVOUerE xa-.cX fJ-€ero opo -'0 5 -'OLe; Exa-.o, 7toeroer-.o 7tOU Yj-.av xaAu-.Epo a7t ' au-.o -."Y]e; BpE-.aVtae; Yj -."Y]e; raAAtae; , aAAcX -'0 E�aywyLxo EfJ-7tOpto 7tap€fJ-EvE erE xafJ-"Y]AcX E7tt7tEOa . 'E7tEL-.a, er-.a xpov�a 1958- 1 9 63 , xa6we; "Y] xwpa EV-'cXX6"y]XE er-."Y]v Eupw7ta"t·xYj OLXOVOfJ-�xYj Ko�vo-."Y]-.a (EOK), erUV€b"Y] €va 7tpaYfJ-a-.�xo OLXOVO fJ-LXO 6aufJ-a, o-.av 0 fJ-€erOe; pu6fJ-oe; avcX7t-.u�"Y]e; -crXE06v 7 -'OLe; Exa-.o Yj-.av xaM-'EpOe; a7to -."Y]e; dU-'LXYje; rEpfJ-avtae; xaL "Y] btofJ-"y]xavLxYj 7tapa ywyYj OL7tAaerLcXer-,"y]xE. 'Oero -.a ELerooYjfJ-a-.a aV€baLVaV , -.oero 7tEpLerero-'Epo -.ovwvo-.av "Y] �Yj-."Y]er"Y] y�a xa-.avaAw-.LxcX aya6cX . O� E�aywy€e; 7tpOe; -'Le; XWpEe; -."Y]e; EO K au�Yj6"Y]xav a7to 7tEpt7tOU 25 -'OLe; Exa-.o -'0 1 9 5 7 er-.o 40 -'OLe; Exa-.o -'0 1963 xaL -'0 EfJ-7tOp�XO �ero�uyto €qnaerE nALxcX va ELva� 7tAEOvaerfJ-a-.Lxo -'0 1 9 5 8 . d"Y]fJ-toupyYj6"Y]xav V€OL btofJ-"y]xavLxot -,ofJ-ELe; , xuptwe; 7tapaywyYje; "Y]AEX-'P�xwv ELOWV , 07tWe; 7tAuv-.YjpLa xa� � uyELa, er-.oue; 07tOtOue; "Y] LOLW-'LXYj btofJ-"y]xavta €7taL�E -'0'11 XUPLO-.EPO pOAO . Evw -'0 1 9 5 1 7tEpt7tOU -'0 40 -'OLe; Exa-.o -.wv I -.aAwv aerxoAounav axofJ-"Y] fJ-E -'"Y] YEwpyta, fJ-ta oExaE-.ta apyo-'Epa "Y] avaAoyta ELXE fJ-E�w6EL er-.o 30 -'OLe; Exa-.o. �-.o fJ-E-.a�u , "Y] 7tapaywyYj au-.oxLvYj-.WV -.E-.pa7tAaerLcXer-,"y]xE. T€ -'OLEe; E7tt-'UxtEe; , cpuerLxcX, EOpatWerav -'0 DC er-."Y]v E�oucr[a xa� Evtcrxuerav -'"Y] 6€er"Y] -.ou erE OfJ-cXOEe; 07tWe; o�EU6uv-.€e; , fJ-"y]xavLXot xa� E7ttXE�p"y]fJ-a-.tEe; , 7tOU ELXav X€pOOe; a7tO -'"Y]v OLXOVOfJ-LXYj E7t€x-.aer"y] . IIapcXAA"Y]Aa, OL av-.t7taAOL -.ou xOfJ-fJ-a-.oe; eruv€x�erav va ucpter-.av-.a� Yj-'-'Ee; . To xaAcX 7tEL6ap X"Y]fJ-€VO PCI oLa-.Yjp"y]erE -'"Y]V E7ttppOYj -.ou erE 7tOAAOUe; EpYcX-'Ee; xa� xwp� Xoue; er-.o bOppcX xaL er-."Y]v «XOXXLV"y] �wv"Y]» -."Y]e; EfJ-tALa-POfJ-cXva (bopE�a XEV-'PLXYj I -.aAta) . 'EAEYXE op�erfJ-€va -'07ttXcX o"y]fJ-O-'LXcX erufJ-bouA�a, fJ-E 7tpOE�cXpxouera -'"Y]V M7tOAOV�a, xaL 7tP0fJ-Yj6EUE -.oue; o7taooue; -.ou fJ-E O�X€e; -.OU Ecp"Y]fJ-EptOEe; , XOLVWV�X€e; opaer-'"y]pLO-'"y]-'Ee; xaL La-'pLxYj cppov-.toa. AAAcX -'0 1955 er"y]fJ-aoEu-'"y]XE a7to -'"Y]v a7to-.uxta fJ-Lae; fJ-EYcXA"Y]e; a7tEpytae; , U7tOXL\I"Y]fJ-€V"Y]e; a7to -'0 PCI , Evav-.(ov -."Y]e; FIAT er-.o Toptvo xaL a7to -'"Y]v a7tocpaer"Y] -.ou N €WL O-'L -'0 PSI 6a €7tPE7tE va apxterEL va a7toer-.aerto7to�EL -.aL a7to -.oue; x0fJ-fJ-0uvLer-.€e; . To 1 9 5 6 -'0 er-.aALvLxo PCI avaer-.a-.w6"y]xE ' xaL xa-.07tLV , �, ' "\ eruv-.a","" -.al\L\I -.ou � a7to' -'0'11 X pouer-.erwcp a7tO, -'"Y]V xa-.ao�x"Y] Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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H ErPOllH Tor 1frXPor IlOAEMor, 1945- 199 1 : IlOAITIKH IETOPIA
pax6'Y)x€ a7tO -''Y)v €tCTbOAy) -.WV �Obt€-.tXWV CT-''Y)V OUj'j'apta, j'€j'OVoe, 7tOU a7tO�€VWCT€ -'OUe, otavooup.€VOUe, . M€-.a a7tO au-.€e, -.te, OUCTxOAt€e" -'0 PCI apXtCT€ CT-.aOtaXa va j'tv€-.at mo avotX-'o CT-.te, €CTW-.€ptX€e, otacpwvt€e, xat CT-''Y)V avaj'vWptCT'Y) -.wv a-.op.tXWV otxatwp.a-.wv, aAAa 0 apt6p.0e, -.wv €V€pj'wv P.€AWV -.OU p.€tW6'Y)x€ . �-.te, €XAOj'€e, -.ou Ma·tou 1958 -'0 7tOCTO CT-'O -.wv xoP.P.OUVtCT-.WV 7tap€p.€tv€ CT-.a6€po xat ot CTOCTtaAtCT-'€e, av€xap. �av €Aacppwe, CT-'O 14 -.ote, €xa-.o, aAAa xat -'0 DC mtCT'Y)e, au�'Y)CT€ -'0 7tOCTOCT-'O -.ou j'ta aAA'Y) p.ta cpopa CT-'O 42 -.ote, €xa-.o, €VW ot CTOCTtaAo'Y)p.o xpa-.€e" Ot cptA€Ad6€pot xat Ot pmoup.7tAtXaVOt xat 7taAt p.otpaCT-''Y)xav p.€-.a�u -'OUe, -'0 10 -.ote, €xa-.o. H Axpa �€�ta €7ttCT'Y)e, U7tOXWP'Y)CT€, P.€ -'0 MSI va 7tatpv€t 5 -.ote, €xa-.o xat -'oue, p.ovapxtxoue, -7tOU 7tA€OV OtaCT7ta CT-''Y)xav CT€ ouo op.ao€e,- va X€POt�ouv -'0 tOW 7tOCTOCT-'O . H €p.cpaVtCT'Y) -''Y)e, haAtae, CT-'O 7tpOCTXY)VW, p.€-.a�u -.ou 1950 xat -.ou 1 963 , we, xpa-.oe, €XbWP.'Y)XaVtCTp.€VO xat aCT-.tX07tot'Y)p.€VO O€V €j'tV€ xwptc. 7tpObAY)p.a-.a . H paj'oata ava7t-.u�'Y) ava7tocpwx-.a €CP€P€ aVtCT'Y) €�€At�'Y) xat XotvWVtX€e, aVtCTo-''Y)ne, . H I-.aAta dX€ �€XtVY)CT€t -''Y)V €7t€x-.aCTy) -''Y)e, a7to aouvap.'Y) , bwp.'Y)xaVtxa u7toava7t-.ux-.'Y) baCT'Y) , xat -'0 1 9 63 y)-.av axop.a Cp-'wXy) CTUj'xpt-.txa P.€ -.te, bOP€WOU-.tX€e, wpw7ta·tx€e, XWp€e, . Ot XUb€PVY)CT€te, -.ou DC, CPObOUP.€V€e, -''Y)v av€pj'ta -.wv aj'po-,wv CT€ 7t€pt7t-.w CT'Y) 7tOU €XCTUj'XpOVt�o-.av 'Y) aj'po-.txY) 7tapaj'wj'y), CTUV€XtCTaV va 7tpoCT-.a -.€UOUV -''Y) j'€wpj'ta, 'Y) o7tota 7tap€p.€tv€ aVa7to-.€A€CTp.a-.txy). H av€pj'ta bptCTxo-.av axop.'Y) 7tavw a7to -'0 7 -.ote, €xa-.o CT-.a -.€A'Y) -''Y)e, o€xa€-.tae, -.ou 1 950, 7tapa -'0 j'€j'ovoe, o-.t CTX€06v OUO €xa-.op.p.upta haAOt €cpuj'av j'ta va €pj'aCT-.ouv CT-'O €�w-.€Ptxo. I1oMOt 7tY)j'av CT-''Y)V ap.€ptxavtxY) Y)7t€tpO xat O€V �avaj'uptCTav · aAAot bpY)xav 7tpOCTWPWY) €pj'aCTta CT-''Y) r€pp.avta xat CT-''Y)V EAb€-.ta . Ot p.tCT60t 7tA'Y)CTtaCTav -'0 P.€CTO 01'0 -.wv €7tt7t€OWV -''Y)e, �u-.txY)e, Eupw7t'Y)e, P.OAte, CT-.a -.€A'Y) -''Y)e, o€xa€-.tae, -.ou 1960. Ka-.a -''Y) o€xa€-.ta -.ou 1950 ot 7tpaj'p.a-.tx€e, a7tooox€e, -.wv bwp.'Y)xaVtxwv €pj'a -.wv O€V au�Y)6'Y)xav CTX€06v xa60Aou, 7tapa -''Y)v xa-.a 7tOAU b€A-.tWP.€V'Y) 7tapaj'wj'txo-''Y)-.a -.OUe" €VW 'Y) avaAoj'ta -.wv €pj'a�op.€VWV €7tt -.ou CTU VOAtXOU 7tA'Y)6uCTP.OU CT-''Y)V 7tpaj'p.a-.txo-''Y)-.a p.€tw6'Y)x€ €Aacppwe" €�at-'tae, -''Y)e, au�'Y)CT'Y)e, -.ou pu6p.ou -.WV j'€VVY)CT€WV xat -''Y)e, -.aCT'Y)e, -.wv j'uvatxwv va €j'xa-.aAd7touv -''Y)v aj'opa €pj'aCTtae, xat va j'tvov-.at VOtXOXUp€e, . H aCT-.txy) ava7t-.u�'Y) €xdv'Y) -''Y)v 7t€ptOOO O€V dX€ CTx€OtaCT-.d CTwCT-.a, P.€ a7tO -.€A€CTp.a va u7tapxouv xap.'Y)AY)e, 7toto-''Y)-.ae, x-.tCTp.a-.a, avmapxY)e, 7t€pt6aA�'Y) , €X7tatOwCT'Y) xat CTUj'XotvwvtaxY) U7tooop.y) xat, mt7tA€OV , XWpte, va j'tV€t xa7tota 7tpoCT7ta6€ta 7t€PWptCTP.OU -''Y)e, P.OAUVCT'Y)e" xa6we, 'Y) XUb€PDigitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
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G'OUV XCXAU'tEPYJ �WYj G''tYJ bOPEWOU'ttXYj Eupw7tYJ Yj G''tYJV CXfJ-EptXCXVtXYj Yj7tEtpO . To G'UVcXAACXYfJ-CX 7tOU eG''tEAvcxV cxu'tOt ot fJ-E'tCXVcXG''tEe; G''tYJV 7tcx'tpt ocx eywE, fJ-cx�t fJ-E 'tov 'tOUptG'fJ-O, G'YJfJ-cxv'ttxYj 7tYJYYj EG'OOWV ytCX 'tYJV IIop 'tOYCXAtCX . To 1 9 68 0 �CXACX�cXp u7teG''tYJ EyxEcpCXAtXO XCXt fJ-E'tCXbtbCXG'E 'tYJv E�OUG'tCX G''tov McxpG'eAAo KCXE'tcXVO (Marcello C aetano) , 0 07tOtOe; cxvcxcpep6YJXE fJ-EV G''tYJ oYJfJ-wupytCX EVOe; veou «XOtVWVtXOU xpcX'toue; » , CXAAcX OEV ecpEpE XcX7tmcx 7tpcxYfJ-cx'ttxYj cptAEAEU6EP07tOtYJG'YJ . EfJ-cpcxvtG''tYJxcxv EXe:tVYJ 'tYJV 7tEptOOO OfJ-cXOEe; CX7tO CXV'tcXp'tEe; 7tOAEWV fJ-E G'X07tO vcx cxV'tt'tcx'X,60uv G''to xcx6EG''tWe; XCXt G'uyxpo'tYj6YJxcxv vecx CXV'tt7tOAt'tEU'ttXcX XOfJ-fJ-cx'tcx CX7tO OfJ-cXOEe; E�OptG''twv, fJ-E mo CX�tOAoyo 'to �OG'tCXAtG''ttXO KOfJ-fJ-cx 'tou McXpw �OcXpEe; (Mario Soares) , 'to 07tOtO E7tcxvtopu6YJXE 'to 1 9 73 . 'O'tcxv Yjp6E wG''toG'o 'to 'teAOe; 'tou XCX6EG''tW't0e; 'to 1 9 7 4 , YJ 7t'twG'YJ 'tou OEV OCPEtAO'tCXV G''tYJv cxV'tt opcxG'YJ 'twv 7tOAt'tWV, CXAAcX G''tYJ oUG'cpoptCX 'tou G''tpcx'tou, YJ 07tOtCX 0�UV6YJXE fJ-E'tcX CX7tO 'X,povtCX CX7tOtXtcxxwv 7tOAefJ-wv G''tYJv AcpptxYj. ncx 'tYJv IIop'toycxAtCX OEV Yj'tcxv EUXOAYJ YJ EYXCX'tcXAW\JYJ 'tYJe; CX7tOtXtCX xYje; 'tYJe; cxu'toxpcx'toptCXe; . ME'tcX 'to 1 9 5 8 , 0 �CXpA V'tE rXWA XCX'tcXCPEPE vcx cx7t0G'up6e:t CX7tO 'tYJv AcpptxYj XCXt vcx CXVCX7tAYJPWG'Et 'to 'X,cxfJ-evo YOYJ'tpo 'tYJe; rCXAAtCXe; cxxoAou6wv'tcxe; fJ-tCX CXVE�cXp'tYJ'tYJ E�W'tEPtXYj 7tOAt'ttXYj 7tOU EVt G''X,uo'tcxv XCXt CX7tO 'to 7tUPYJVtXO 'tYJe; 07tAOG''tcXG'W. AAAcX ytCX 'toue; IIop'to YcXAOUe; OEV CPCXtvo'tcxv vcx U7tcXP'X,Et 'tp07tOe; vcx Otcx'tYJPYjG'ouv 'tYJ otE6vYj 6eG'YJ 'tYJe; 'X,wpcxe; 'toue; 'X,wpte; 'tYJv xcx'to'X,Yj 'tYJe; AYXOACX, 'tYJe; MO�CXfJ-btxYJe; XCXt 'tYJe; IIop'toycxAtxYje; rouwecxe; , X'tYjG'Ete; ot 07tOtEe; G''tYJ OEXCXE'ttCX 'tou 1 9 60 e:t'X,cxv CX7tOfJ-e:tVEt we; YJ fJ-EYCXAU'tEPYJ CX7tOtXtcxxYj cxu'toxpcx'toptCX 'tou xOG'fJ-ou . H Em6ufJ-tcx Otcx'tYjpYJG'YJe; 'tYJe; cxu'toxpcx'toptCXe; EvouvcxfJ-w6YJXE 'to 1 9 6 1 , o'tcxv, fJ-E'tcX 'tYJv cXpvYJG'YJ 'tou �CXACX�cXp vcx OtCX7tPCXYfJ-CX'tEU'te:t ytCX 'to 6efJ-cx, 'to N eo /1EA'X,t 7tYjPE fJ-OVOfJ-EpWe; 'tov eAEY'X,o 'tou 7t0P't0YCXAtXOU 6UACXXCX 'tYJe; rxocx G''tte; cxx'tee; 'tYJe; I VOtCXe; . �'tYJ OEXCXE'ttCX 'tou 1 9 50 0 �CXACX�cXp XCX'tcXCPEPVE vcx Otcx'tYJpe:t 'tYJv cxu'toxpcx'toptCX EmxEpoYj ytCX 'tYJv IIop'toycx AtCX. Ot CX7totXtEe; E�CXG'CPcXAt�CXV 7tYJYYj cp6YJvYje; EpyCXG'tCXe; ytCX 'tte; cpU'te:tEe; xcxcpe XCXt bCXfJ-bCXXWU XCXt Ote6E'tcxv opux'tee; 7tpW'tEe; UAEe; , 07tWe; G'toYJPOfJ-E'tCXA AEUfJ-CX'tCX XCXt OtcxfJ-cXV'ttcx. H EXbWfJ-YJ'X,cXVtG'YJ 'tYJe; IIop'toycxAtCXe; G''tYJ OEXCXE 'ttCX 'tou 1 9 60 EV fJ-epEt G''tYJpt'X,'tYJXE G''tYJv E7tE�EpyCXG'tCX 7tpo·r:ov'twv CX7tO 'tte; CX7totXtEe; . Em7tAeOV, fJ-E'tCX�U 'tou 1945 XCXt 'tou 1 9 7 4 , 0 AEUXOe; 7tAYJ6u G'fJ-oe; 'tYJe; AYXOACX cxU�Yj6YJXE CX7tO AtyO'tEpO CX7tO 5 0 . 000 G'E 7t Ept7tOU 3 5 0.000 cX'tofJ-cx . IIoAAot CX7tO cxu'toue; Yj'tcxv CP'tw'X,Ot cxypO'tEe; 7tOU, o7twe; XCXt ot rcXAAot cX7totxm G''tYJv AAYEptCX, Yj'tcxv CX7tocpcxG'tG'fJ-evot vcx xpcx'tYjG'ouv 'tYJ YYJ 'toue; . IIepcx CX7tO 'tYJv Em6ufJ-tcx ytCX OtXOVOfJ- tXcX ocpeAYJ XCXt ytCX Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
H ErporrH TOr 'l'rxpor rrOAEMor, 1 9 45 - 1 99 1 : rrOAITIKH I�TOPIA
a1tOtxtaxa €oacp'Y) yta qxa'taC1'taC1'Y) , 'Y) IIop'toyaAta (01tWe; xat aAA€e; ouva[J.€te;) 1ttC1'tEU€ O'tt dX€ [J.ta «€X1tOAt'ttC1'ttX-y) a1tOC1'tOA-y)>> C1'tte; a1tot Xt€e; -y), 01tWe; a1tOXaAouv'tav a1tO 'to 195 1 , C1't'Y)V «U1t€p1tov'tta IIop'toya Ata» . To 1 9 6 1 'Y) OUC1cpopta 'twv v't07ttWV W6'Y)C1€ 'to a1t€AEU6€pw'ttxO xtv'Y)[J.a 'tou XOAV't€V PO[J.m:p'to (Holden Roberto) va �€XtV-Y)C1€t 'tov aywva 'tou, yta va 't€p[J.a'ttC1€t 't'Y)V xuptapxta 'twv IIop'toyaAwv C1't'Y)V AyxoAa . Opt C1[J.EVOt u�'Y))\o6a6[J.ot a�tw[J.a'ttxot 'tou C1'tpa'tou 1tPO€tOO1tOt'Y)C1av 'tov �a Aa�ap o'tt [J.axp01tp06€C1[J.a -Y)'tav aouva't'Y) 'Y) ota't-Y)p'Y)C1'Y) 't'Y)e; au'toxpa'to ptae; [J.€ C1'tpa'ttw'ttxa [J.EC1a, aAAa 0 otx'ta'topae; a1tAWe; a1to[J.axpuv€ 'toue; €7ttXpt'tEe; a1to 'tte; 6EC1€te; 'toue; . �'t'Y)v 1tpay[J.a'ttxo't'Y)'ta, [J.EXpt 'to 1 9 68 'to €6vtxo av'tap'ttxo xtv'Y)[J.a C1't'Y)V AyxoAa OtaC11taC1't'Y)X€ [J.€ 6aC1'Y) CPUA€'ttXEe; otacpop01tOt-Y)C1€te; C1€ 'tpta C1'tOtXda -'to FNLA 'tou PO[J.1tEp'tO, 'to [J.ap�t C1'ttXO MPLA 'tou AYXOC1'ttVO N E'tO (Agostino Neto) xat 't'Y) UNITA 'tou novae; �a6t[J.7tt (Jonas Savimbi)-, 'ta o1tota apxtC1aV va [J.axov'tat 'to Eva 'to aAAo . Ev 'tW [J.€'ta�u, 'to xtv'Y)[J.a FRELIMO dX€ �€XtV-Y)C1€t aV'tap 't01tOA€[J.O xa'ta 'twv IIop'toyaAwv C1't'Y) Mo�a[J.6tx'Y) , €VW C1'ta 1 9 63 -6 7 0 aywvae; €VOe; aAAou xtv-Y)[J.a'toe; U1tO 'tov A[J.tAXap Ka[J.1tpaA (Amilcar C abral) XEPOtC1€ 'tov EA€YXO [J.€yaAou [J.EpOUe; 't'Y)e; IIop'toyaAtx-Y)e; rOut vEae; . To XOC1'tOe; au'twv 'twv C1UyXpOUC1€WV yta [J.ta cp'twX-y) Xwpa 01tWe; 'Y) IIop'toyaAta -Y)'tav €�ou6€vw'ttxo . Ot 1tOA€[J.Ot C1't'Y)V Acpptx-Y) C1uV'to[J.a Ecp'taC1av va a1toppocpouv 'to 40 'tOte; €xa'to 'tou €6vtxou 1tpOU1tOAoytC1[J.OU xat 0 C1'tpa'tOe; [J.EXpt 'to 1973 au�-Y)6'Y)x€ C1€ 220.000 avop€e; (2 'tOte; €xa'to 'tou 1tA'Y)6uC1[J.OU) . H a�ta 'twv €�aywywv 1tpOe; 'tte; a1tOtXt€e; E1t€C1€ a1to 'to 43 'tOte; €xa'to 'tou C1UVOAOU 'to 1960 C1€ [J.OAte; 10 'tOte; €xa'to 'to 1 9 73 . IIoAAot IIop'toyaAot O€V -Y)6€AaV va aC1xoA'Y)60uv [J.€ 'toue; aV€AE'Y)'tOUe; 1tOAE[J.OUe; 't'Y)e; Acpptx-Y)e; xat au'to C1UV'tEA€C1€ C1't'Y)V au�'Y)C1'Y) 't'Y)e; a1toyo-Y) 'tEUC1'Y)e; C1't0 C1'tpa'to : -Y)o'Y) Ot a�tw[J.a'ttxot OUC1cpopouC1av [J.€ 'toue; xa[J.'Y)AOUe; [J.tC160ue; , 'tte; apyEe; 1tpoaywyEe; 'toue; xat 't'Y)v avtxav'Y) 'Y)Y€C1ia a1to C1'tpa 't'Y)youe; , 1tOU dXav €7ttA€yd [J.aAAov yta 't'Y) vO[J.t[J.OCPPOC1UV'Y) 'toue; C1'tOV �aAa�ap 1tapa yta 'tte; C1'tpa'ttw'ttXEe; 'toue; txavo't'Y)'t€e; ' Ot xA'Y)pw'toi xa'ta'taC1C1ov'tav yta 'tEC1C1€pa xpovta [J.€'ta 'to 1967 xat ocp€tAaV va aV'tt [J.€'tW1tiC10UV [J.axpEe; 1t€ptOOOue; U1t'Y)p€C1tae; C1€ av6uyt€tvo xAi[J.a, [J.axpta a1to 'tte; OtXOYEV€tEe; 'toue; . H avu1to'ta�ia EytV€ otaO€Oo[J.EVO cpatvo[J.€vo. M€'ta�u 'tou 1 9 68 xat 'tou 1 9 73 0 cptA€A€u6€poe; C1'tpa't'Y)yoe; Av'tOVto v't€ �7ttVOAa (Antonio de Spinola) xa'tacp€p€ va mavacpEp€t 'to 'Y) 6txo 'tou C1'tpa'tou C1't'Y)V IIop'toyaAtx-Y) rOUtVEa xat �€XtV'Y)C1€ €xd [J.€'tappu6[J.tC1€te; Digitized by 10uk1s, June 2009
NOTIA ErpOIlH
y�a va e:�WfJ.e:vtere:� 'tou� v'tomou� ' aAAa axofJ."Y) x� 0 �mvoAa 7tter'te:ue: o't� o a7to�x�axo� 7tOAe:fJ.O� fJ.7topouere: va e:mAu6et fJ.OVO fJ.e: O�a7tpaYfJ.a'te:uere:�� xa� O'tl "Y) er'tpa't�w't�xY) Vtx"Y) Y)'tav avEcp�x't"Y) . To
