MlI1xall1n CSVlPVlH
CAMOXO.QK~ CTAn~HA iIICTOPilifi COBETCKOVI CAY 1919 -1945
MOCKBa
«s:lY3A» «3KCMO»
2008
EEK68.513 C24
OcpopMJIeHMe xynO)«HMKa
n. BOlI/coeG
B OcpOPMJIeHMM rrepefIJIeTa MCrr0J1b30BaHa MJ1J1IOCTpall,MH xynO)KHMKa
C
COHpHH M.H. . CaMOXO)l1Gi
24
n. TpOrjJUMOeG
Cnuurna.
I1cTOPIDI
COBeTCKOH
CAY
1919-1945. - M.: 5Iy:3a, 3KCMO, 2008. - 384 c. - (BoitHa J.1 MhI. CoBeTCKHe TaHK'J.1).
ISBN 978-5-699-20527-1 YlKe B roD.bJ ilepBoi1 MI1POBOi1 npaKTl1'leCKI1 BO BceM MI1pe Ha'laJIl1 nOHI1MaTb, 'ITO nOJleBlUl a pTl1J1JIe pl1l1 Ha KOHHOi1 Tlire He COOTBeTCTByeT pe3KO B03POCWI1M Tpe60BaHI1lIM BeD.eHI1lI 60eBbJX D.el1cTBI1i1. APTl1J1JIeplillcKI1e 0PYD.11lI TOro BpeMeHI1 6blJT11 O'leHb Yll3BI1Mbi Ha Mapwe OT orHll npOTI1BHI1Ka , He 06J1aD.aJll1 D.OCTaT04H0i1 nOD.BI1)KHOCTblO 11 Tpe60BaJll1 3aTpaT BpeMeHI1 Ha nOJlroTOBKY K CTpeJlb6e . A apMl111 Bcex cTpaH B TO BpeMli oc060 HYJKD.aJlI1Cb B HOBblX 06pa3uax apTl1J1JIepl1i1cKoro BoopYlKeHl1l1, cnoc06HbIX 6bICTpO MeHlITb CBoe MeCTOnOJlOlKeHl1e, CB060D.HO nepeD.BI1faTbCll no 6e3D.opolKblO BMeCTe C nexoToi1 11 HaD.elKHO 3aWI1waTb CBOi1 paC4eT OT Henpl111TeJlbCKOrO orHll. rJlllD.ll Ha nepBble HeKa3~I CTble 06pa3Ubi CaMOXOD.Hoi1 apTl1J1JIepl1l1, 60JlbWe noxolKei1 Ha KyCKI1 6poHenoe3D.OB Ha KOJleCHOM 11J1 11 TpaKTOpHOM waCCI1, BP"D. JlI1 KTO-TO Mor npeD.nOJlOlKHTb, 'ITO OHI1 TpaHc<jJopMI1PYlOTCli CO BpeMeHeM B ue1lYJO KOropTY pa3JI114HblX no BHeWHeMY BI1D.Y 11 npl1MeHeHl110 60eBblX MaWI1H . B HOBOi1 KHl1re Ml1xal1J1a CBl1pl1Ha Bbl Y3HaeTe 06 OCHOBHbIX KJl104eBblX MOMeHTax I1CTOPI1I1 cOBeTcKoH CAY, 0 TOM , KaKl1M 3aD.YMbIBaJll1 3TOT BI1JJ. apTI1J1J1epl111 COBeTCKI1e BoeH Hble TeOpeTI1K11 , n 03HaKOMI1TeCb CO WTaTaMI1 4aCTeH 11 COeD.I1HeHI1H COBeTcKoi1 CaMOXOD.Hoi1 aPTl1J1JIepl1l1 , Ha' II1HlUl C caMblX nepBbIX, nOKa ewe p06K11X onblTOB 11 D.O D.Hll n06eD.bI
9 MlUl 1945 r. Oc060e BHI1MaHl1e no npaBy YD.eJleHO pa3BliTl1lO CAY B roD.bI BeJl I1KOi1 Ore'leCTBeHHoi1 BOi1Hbl , TaK KaK I1MeHHO ee MHOrHe I1CCJleD.OBaTeJlI1 no npaBy C411TalOT «BeHUOM CaMOXOD.Hoi1 apTl1J1JIepl1l1».
BBK68.S13
ISBN 978-5-699-20527-1
© CBI1PI1H M. H., 2008 © 000 «113D.aTeJlbCTBo «51Y3a» , 2008 © 000 «i13D.aTeJIbCTBO «3KCMO », 2008
BMeCTO npe,lJ,HCJIOBIDI )l.eHh
7 CeHT5I6p5I 1945 [ 6bIJI He06bJl.lHbIM. Depmm , me Bce-
ro HeCKOJIhKO MeC5IueB Ha3a,n: rpeMeJII1 B3PblBbI 11 CMepTb BJIaCTBOBaJIa Ha,n: MI1POM, npe06pa3l1JIc5I. MHofl1e YJIl1UbI, }')Ke paC'II1LUeHHbie OT 06JIOMKOB 11 nOKOpe)l(eHHOH TeXHI1Kl1, YKPalIIaJH1Cb qlJIaraMl1 C03HbIX .u,ep)l(aB-1l06e.u,I1TeJIeH BO BTOPOH Ml1poBoii BoiiHe. B B03.u,yxe JIeTaJIO O)l(l1.ll,aHl1e 'Iero-To TOp)l(eCTBeHHoro. B paHoHe illapJIOTTeH6yprcKoro 1II0cce C YTpa Ha'IaJIl1 co6l1paTbC5I oqmuepbI .u,ep)l(aB-n06e.u,I1TeJIbHI1U B llapa,n:Hoii $OPMe. DbIJI cpe.u,11 HHX 11 Kanl1TaH CepreH HaYMeHKO, KOMaH.u,oBaBlIIl1H 6aTapeeH B caMoxo.u,Ho-apTI1JIJIepl1iicKOM 1l0JIKY. OH C HeTepneHl1eM )I(.lI,aJI Ha'IaJIa TIapa,n:a TI06e.u,bl 11, pa3roBOpl1BIIII1Cb C coce.u,HMH, nponYCTl1JI ero.
Era
coce.u,11 - rpynna aMe-
pI1KaHCKl1X o$I1UepOB JlIYMHO KOMMeHTl1pOBaJIl1 1l05IBJIeHl1e Ka)I(.lI,OrO HOBoro no.u,pa3.u,eJIeHH5I, TO l1.u,eJIO rorO'Ia 11 pa3MaXl1BaH PYKaMI1 npl1 3TOM. Ho KOma Ha llIocce, 6aCOBl1TO pOKO'Ia, BC1)'I111JII1 MOIIIHble I1C-3, OHM .u,PY)I(HO CMOJIKJB1 , a C06eCe)J,HHK Cepre5I, MOJIO.u,OH aMepl1KaHeu, HeO)l(l1.ll,aHHO nOKa3aJI eMY 60JIbllIOH naJIeu: «O'teHb xapoUlUU maHKU! Bepu 2yaf» )l.pyroii YBa)I(l1TenbHO IlpOTSIHyn pacKpbI1)T1O KpaCHO-6eJIyIO na'IK)' Cl1rapeT C Bep6nlO.u,OM. BnOJIHe eCTeCTBeHHO , 'ITO Ilocne napa,n:a COI03HI1KI1 noceTI1JII1 OTKPbIBllII1HC5I Hello.u,aJIeKY peCTopaH . Ha Xo.u,y OHM Ilpe.u,CTaBMJIMCb.u,pyr .u,pyry. TIpe.u,CTaBl1nCH 11 CepreH. YcnblllIaB ero .u,OJI)l(HOCTb, aMepI1KaHCKI1H nOnKOBHI1K npl1CBI1CTHyn 11 'ITO-TO npOH3Hec, c.u,ep)l(aHRO YJIbI6HYBllII1Cb. 3aMeTl1B He.u,o-
5
KYP£t1TEflbHbIE TPY6K£t1 MAPWAJlA CTAJl£t1HA
M.CBMPMH
YMeHHblH B3rJUl.u pYCCKOrO KamfTaHa, OH YJIbI6HYJICSI, M Tlua-
c060pUmb, 'tmo 3mO eCmb KypUmeAbHble mpy6Ku 6aut MaputaJI CmaJIUH, KOmOpble, KaK c060pJlm y 6aC, Oa6amb npuKypumb cepMaHCKUe 6oucKa ... »
TeJIbHO BblrOBapMBaSI CJIOBa, CKa3aJI: «5/
BOT 06 3TMX caMbTX «KYpI1TeJIbHbTX TPy6Kax» Bcex opMHpOBaHHa51
B
rr. CrreUHaJIbHa5I KOMHCCIDI OC06bIX apTHJIJIepHH-
CKJiX OrrbITOB (KOCAPTOTI) rrOJlHAAa B KOHue
1920 r.
Borrpoc
o ueJIeC006pa3HocTH rrpOBeJleHIDI JlaJIbHeHIllJiX OrrbITHbIX pa60T Han CaMOXOJlHbIMH YCTaHOBKaMH.
B 1922
r. Ha 3aBOJle « KpacHbIH ApCeHaJI» B TIeTporpane
6blJIO C03JlaHO
KE
CaMOXOJlHOH H MexaHH3HpoBaHHoH apTHJI-
JIepHH, KOTopoe , BrrpOqeM, CHaqaJIa 3aHHMaJIOCb He CTOJIbKO apTHJIJIepHHCKHMH rrpOeKTaMH, CKOJIbKO )l(HTeHCKHMH. Ho 3CKH3Hoe rrpoeKTHpOBaHHe HOBbIX MallIHH Bce )ICe HaqaJIOCb.
30
[JIaBa II
IIepBbIe COBeTCKHe
TaK, B 1924 r. KE caMoxo.llHOH H MexaHH3HpoBaHHoH apTHJIJIepHH no,n; PYKOBO,n;CTBOM .. JIeH.n; MOHTMpOBaJIaCb B KY30Be rpY30BMKa, ,llHO KOTOporo YCJ.1JIMBaJlOCb CTaJIbHbfM pMq)JJeHbfM JU1CTOM. Do 3aMblcny C03,llaTeJUl, 6aTape51 TaKMJ( 0PY,llHi1,lloJDKHa 6bIJ1a omeM C MeCTa nOMep)!(MBaTb no,llpa3,lleJlemle MaJIbIX TaHKOB, J.1JIM TaHKeTOK (10-15 rnT.) , Be~MX aTaKY nepe,llHero KPa5I 060pOHbl npOTMBHJ.1Ka. DOCKOJIbKY 6aTapeM ,llOJDKHbI 6bUIH HCn0JIb30BaTbC5I BO BTOPOH JIMH11l1, TO MX 6pOHeBa5I 3alUMTa orpaHl1'll1BaJIaCb npOTHBOOCKOJlO'IHbIM lUMTOM, 'IaCTWfHO 6POHMpOBaHHOH Cnepe,llM Ka611H0H BO,llHTeJUI M OTKH,llHblM 6pOHelUMTOM nepe,ll.pa,llMaTopOM. Ho 3aTIJIaHMpOBaHHOe Ha 1927 r. Ha'IaJIO BblnycKa OTe4eCTBeHHbIX aBTOM06HJleH TaK M He H_a4aJIOCb, M noTOMY pa60Tbl no CAY 6bUIH OTJlO)l(eHbI.
B
1925 r. Ha 3aBO,lle «MacnDKapT» no,ll naTPOHa)I(eM «KO-
META» IllJIO npoeKTMpOBaHMe onbITHoro 06pa3ua YJIY4rneHHOH 76 , 2-MM 3eHMTHOH CaMOXO,llHOH nyrnKM 06p. 1914/1915 r r. Ha rnaCCM TPaKTopa «)J.aHMJlep» . DpoeKT 6bIJ1 3aBeprneH, HO M3rOTOBJleHMe onbITHoro 06pa3ua OCTaHOBJleHO.
B
1926 r. B
KE
3aBO,lla «KpacHblH Apc~HaJI » 6bIJl nepe,llaH 3CKM3HbIH npoeKT CaMOXO,llHOrO 0pY,llM5I nOMep)I(KM MH)I(eHepa KOCAPTODa H.B. KapaTeeBa. 3aBO,ll BKJIIOt{MJlC5I B npOeKTMpOBaHMe, BbI,lle-
32
llepBble COBeTCKHe
JIHB,ll)UI ::ITOH pa60TbI HIDKeHepa B.A. AH,upbIXeBWIa, npH yt-IaCTHH KOTOPOfO B 1927 f. 6blJI H3roTo~eH onbITHbIH. 06paJeu caMOXO)lHOH nyIIIKH, nOJIyqHBllleH Ha3BaHHe «ApCeHaJIeu». MaIIIHHa npe,UCTaBJUIJIa C060H. OpI1fID{aJIbHOe MaJIOpaJMepHoe
ry-
cemflfHoe lllaCCH, o60Py,UoBaHHOe Kap61OpaTopHbIM ,UBHraTeJIeM MOIIIHOCTblO 12 JI.C., cnoco6Hoe pa3BHTb CKOPOCTb 3-8 KM/lJ, H ynpaBJHlJIaCb npH nOMOlUH nIT H,UyIIIHM 3a HeH lJeJIOBeKOM. EMKOCTH TonnHBHOfO 6aKa B
10 JI
XBaTaJIO Ha 17-18 KM.
BOOp}')KeHHe ,UaHHoH MaIIIHHI>I npe,n;CTaBJUUIO co6oH. 45-MM HJIH 60-MM 6aTaJIbOHHOe opY,UHe KOHCTpYJCl..l;HH
. . JIeH,Uepa
HJIH A. COKOJIOBa C 60eKOMnJIeKTOM 32-50 BblCTpeJIOB. HcnblTamrn nOCTpoeHHoro o6pa3ua nOKa3aJIH 60JIbIIIOe KOJIWIeCTBO He,UOCTaTKOB, YCTpaHHTb KOTopble B TeyeHHe O,UHOfO fo,Ua He Y,UaJIOCb, H B 1929 f. 6blJIO npHHSl.TO peIIIeHHe pa60Tbl no ,UaHHoH CAY npeKpaTI1Tb. llo,U06HO TaHKaM nepBble CHCTeMaTHlJeCKHe pa60TbI no caMOXO,UHOH apTHllJIepHH B CCCP HalJaJIHCb B 1927
r.
BO HCnOJI-
HeHl1e nOCTaHOBJIeHHSI. fAY «0 MexaHH3aUHH apTHllJIepHH». COfJIaCHO nOCTaHOBJIeHHIO, npe,UnOJIafaJIOCb B CpOK 3 ro,Ua co3,UaTb ,ll)UI H}')K,U KpacHoH APMHH nOJIK CaMOXO,UHbIX apTHJIJIePHH.CKHX YCTaHOBOK 76,2-MM OPY'uHH 06p. 1902
r. Ha aBTOMO-
6HJIbHOM lllaCCH ,ll)UI YCHlleHHSI. TaHKOBbIX BOH.CK npH npopbIBe YKpenneHHoH nOJIOCbI 060pOHbI npOTHBHHKa. Ho,Uo 1929
r. ::lTO
nOCTaHOBJIeHHe BbmOJIHeHO He 6bmo. B 1929 r. KpacHaSl. ApMuSI. }')Ke HMeJIa nepBble cepHHHble «nOJIKOBble» TaHKH
T - 18, KOTopble }')Ke ycneJIH nOKa3aTb ce6S1. B
xo,Ue BOJIblllHX B06pyHCKHX MaHeBpOB. HlOJIbCKOe «TaHKOBoe» 3ace,UaHHe PBC CCCP YTBep,UHJIO «CHCTel\llY TaHKO-TpaKTOpHOaBT06poHeBOOp}')KeHHSI. PKKA» , KOTOPaSJ. nOTpe60BaJIa KOppeKTHpOBKH H CHCTeMbl apTHJlJlepHHCKoro Boop}')KeHI1SI.. HayaBlllaSJ.CSI. HH,n;yCTpHaJIH3aQI1SI. H paJBHTHe aBToTpaKTopHoH H TaHKOBOH npOMbIIIlJleHHOCTH R03BOJIHJIH HCnOJIb30BaTb ,UJlSI. C03,UaHHSI. caMoxo,UHOH. apTUJIJIepHH IIIaCCH OTeyeCTBeHHblX aBTOM06I1JleH, TpaKTOpOB H nepBbIX TaHKOB. TIocTeneHHo B03pmK,UaJIOCb H apTHJlJlepHHCKoe npOH3BO,U-
33
KYPIr1TEJlbHblE TPY6KIr1 MAPWAflA CTAflIr1HA
M.CBlIfPlIfH
CaMoxOAHaH 6aTanbOHHaH nYWKa I1HlKeHepa KOCAPTOna H.B. KapaTeesa, 1927 r. CTBO.
K
1930 r. B cepHHHoM rrpOH3Bo,nCTBe Ha Tpex apnlJIDe-
PHHCKHX 3aBo,nax 6bIDO rrOCTaBJIeHO BoceMb rryrneK H ray6MU Ka.JTM6pa OT 76,2-MM ,no 152,4-MM M ITJIaHHPOBa.JTOCb K OCBoe-
r. «0 MePKKA» 6bIDO CKoppeKTMpOBaHO.
HHIO eme HeCKOJIhKO. nO::)TOMY rrOCTaHOBJIeHHe 1927 xaHH3aUMM apTMJIJIepMM
Terrepb .lI)UI rro,n:,n:ep)[(KM rreXOTbI H TaHKOB YTBep:llICeHUJI 8 1.faCmu CCLMOXOaHblX apmUJlJlepUUCKUX ycmaH080K». C yrb nOCTaHOB-
TaHOBOK, H
JIeHJ.i.SI 3 aKJIJOlfaJIaCb B TOM, lfTO 3aBO,llaM H
1 OKT5I6p5I 1931
K6
Ha,llJle)l(aJIO K
r. 3aBep lllHTb npOeKTHpOBaHHe H H3rOTOBJIe-
HHe 60JIblllOrO KOJI}iqeCTBa pa3JIH~bIX THnOB 6poHeTeXHHKJiI , 11 B lfaCTHOCTI1, llleCTH 6a30BbIX CAY:
«.. . - maHlcemKY, aHaJl02U1.fHYIO no xapaKmepucmUlCCLM nyJleMemHou maHKemKe conp080J/CaeHUR, HO C 800pY:>ICeHueM 8 8Uae OaHOU 37-MM nyu/KU EM Ha3HatteHUe maHKemKU - npomU80maHK08ClJl 60Pb6a C maHKCLMU npomU8HUKa; - CCLMOXOaHYIO nyu/Ky (apmU/l/lepUR cOnp080:>ICaeHUJI) MexaHU3up08aHHbIX ttacmeu. HG3HatteHUe - nOa20m08Ka U nOaaep:>ICKa maHK080u amaKU, 60Pb6a npomU8 maHK08. IIIaccu MaJl020 maHKa KaJlu6p 76MM. Bec He 60Jlee 7,5 mHoCKopocmb xoaa 25-30 KJlM 8 'lac. EpoHfl 7-10MM. Y20Jl8038blU/eHUR He MeHee 302p. FOPU30HmaJIbHOe Ha8eaeHue He MeHee 12 2p . - CCLMOXOaHYIO aU8U3UOHHYlO nyu/Ky nOaaep:>ICKu. HG3HatteHue - nOa20m08Ka U nOaaep:>ICKa amaKU nexombl, 60Pb6a C 3a2pa:>ICaeHURMU, YKpenJIeHURMu U Ome8bIMU mOttKCLMU. IIIaccu cpeaHe20 mpaKmopa. Bec 7,5-9 mH, CKopocmb xoaa 20-25 KflM, 6pOHe8ClJl 3aUl,uma - opyauuHblU Ul,um mOJlUl,uHOU 7-8 MM, 800py:>ICeHUe 76,2-MM aU8U3UOHHClJl nyu/Ka 06p. 1902/3022. YcmaH08Ka aOJl:>ICHa nepe803umb 3-4 ttet/08eK KOMaHabl U 40 8blcmpe.rz08. PacCMompemb 80npoc 803MO:>ICHOCmU C03aaHUR Ha mOM :>ICe U/accu 122-MM CCLMOXOaHOU 2ay6ul(bl. - CCLMOXOaHYIO 3eHumHYlO nyJleMemHylO ycmaH08KY. HG3HatteHue - oxpaHa 1.facmeU Ha nOXoae U 8 6010 om HanaaeHUJI a8ual(UU (6pelOUI,uu nOJlem). IIIaccu MaJl020 maHKa, WlU cpeaHe20 mpaKmopa. Bec 7-7,5 mHo CKopocmb Xoaa - 25-30 KflM. EpoHfl - 7-10 MM. BoopY:>ICeHue - YHu8epcaJIbHbiU ttembipexcm80JlbHbiU cmaHKO8blU nyJleMem KaJlu6pOM 7,62-MM. YcmaH08Ka aOJl:>ICHa nepe803umb He MeHee 2-x ttet/08eK KOMaHabl U 4000 nampOH.
35
KYPII1TEJlbHblE TPY6KII1 MAPWAJlA CTAJlIl1HA
KKIo1 Ha
wacc~
TaHKa «PeHo», 1918-1920 rr.
- CaJ.WXOaHYIO 3eHumHYIO nyUle'fHylO ycmaHoeICY. HG3Ha'feHue - 060poHa MexaHU3upoeaHHblX U nexomHblX 'facmeu Ita noxoae u e 6010 om fle2ICOU U 6oM6apaUp060'fHOU aeua/.{uu, a maICJlCe noaeUJlCHOe npomueomaHICoeoe cpeacmeo 60flbUlOU aOCR2aeMOCmu. maccu MaJl020 maHICa, WlU cpeaHe20 mpaICmopa. Bec 7-7,5 mHo CICopocmb xoaa - 25"':'30 1CflM. EpoH.fl - 7-10 MM. BoopYJICeHue cnapeHHaJI 37-MM 3eHUmHaJI nyUlICa. YcmaHoeICa aOflJICHa nepeeo3umb He MeHee 2-x 'feJloeeIC opyauuHblX HOMepoe u 100 eblCmpeJlOe. - CaMOXOaHYIO 3eHumHYlO nyUle'fHylO ycmaHoeICY 60flbUlOU 00CR2aeMocmu. HG3Ha'feHUe - o6opoHa Ulma6oe, Mecm pG3eepmbleaHUfl pe3epeoe, Y3lloebIX JIC.a. cmaH/.{uu om HGflemOe epaJICecICux mJlJlCeJlblX 6oM6apaupoeUl,uICoe. maccu - MaHeepeHHblu maHIC, WlU mJlJICeJl020 mpaICmopa, eec 10-12 mH., CICopocmb - 15-20 1CflM, 6poH.fl - 8-15 MM .. .» IIpWIeM TpH
CAY -
caMoxo)],H)'lO rryuIlKAeHH~ MOToMex~acTe~ ,
1929 r.
B OTHOlllemU!: )l(e CaMOXO.ll,HhlX apnUIJIepl1MCKHX YCTaHOBOK 60JIhillOM MOruHOCTI1 rrpe)umraJIOCh rrOKa OrpaHWlI1ThC51 rrOI1CKOM pellleHlIM 11 pa3pa6oTKOM 3CK113HOro rrpoeKTa 152-MM ray611lJ,hlo6p. 1930 r. 11 203-MM ray611Uhl o6p. 1929 r.
2.2. CaMOxOJJ.HaB nymKa MeX'laCTeH PyCCKHH aHaJIOr fjJpaHUY3cKoH HrpywKH B H05l6pe 1929 r. KOHCTPYKTOP AHMM K.M. MBaHoB no 3aKa3Y YrrpaBJIeH115I MexamnaUl111 H MOTOpI13alJ,1111 (YMM) PKKA BhII10JIHI1JI rrpoeKT CaMOXO.ll,HOM 76 ,2-MM nyrnKI1 conpOBO)l(.ll,eHI151 MeXlIaCTeM Ha 6a3e MaJIOrO TaHKa T -18 11 6poHl1pOBaHHoro TpaKTopa-TpaHcrropTepa K HeM. Malll11Ha npe.ll,CTaBJI5IJIa C060M pa3B11T11e H.lI,el1 Ke 76,2-MM nyrnKa KT 06p. 1927/32 ff., npe)],CTaBJUlBIIHUI c060ti Ty)!(e nOllKOB)'lO nyrnKY, HO C YMeHbIlIeHHoti )],0 500 MM MI1HOti OTKaTa. KOHCTPYKIII1S1 6aIIIHI1 6hlJla HeMHOfO M3MeHeHa , HO Kap)],I1HaJlhHhIX YllyqrneHHH He nOClle)],OBaJlO. OCO6eHHO yrHeTaJla TeCHOTa B 60eBOM OT)],elleHMI1. TaK, npl1 np0I13BO)],CTBe BbICTpella 3apSJ)!(alOmeMY (OH )!(e nYJIeMeT'lI1K) npI1XO)],I1JIOCh 6YKBaJlhHO B)!(I1MaTbCSI B npaBYIO CTeHKY 6alllHI1 11, «npepbl8aR 8CRKYIO 803MOJICHOCmb 8eiJeHUJI
cmpeflb6bl U3 nYfleMema», npJ1)!(JfMaTh K ce6e lleBYIO PYKY ('lTO6bI efO He y)],apl1110 OTKaTbIBalOIIIeticSI Ka3eHHOH 'laCTblO). MeXaHI1311pOBaHHhiti cnYCK )],aBaJl 'laCThle OTKa3hI , a np0l13BO)],I1Th BhICTpeJI co IIIHypa B TaKoti TeCHOTe 6hIJIO HeB03MO)!(HO . YrOJI 06CTpeJIa 113 6aIIIeHHOfO nYlleMeTa 6hlJl HI1KY)],a He rO)],HbIM. 0630P -
orpaHI1'leHHbIM. OTCYTCTBl1e BeHTI111Sl111111
Momo npl1BeCTI1 K yrapy 3KMna:>Ka npl1 Be)],eHI1M OfHSI C 3aKphIThlMI1 )]'BephMI1 6alllHI1. ITo OKOH'laHI1I1 3TI1X I1cnbITaHl1ti 6alllHSI 6bIJIa 3a6paKOBaHa YMM. Ho OT J1)J,el1 YCTaHOBKM B JIefKMti TaHK 76-MM nyIIIKM Bce-TaKI1 He OTK33aJlI1Cb. Eme B xo)],e MCrThITaHl1ti 6aIIIHI1 H. LJ:blpeHKOBa, KOma BhHICHl1JII1Cb ee OCHOBHhle He)]'OCTaTKM, rrpoeKTHpOBaHl1e HOBOtl 6alllHI1 no)], 76 , 2-MM nyrnKY KT 06p. 1927/32 fr. rroPY'll1JIM 3aBO)],y 11M. BOPOllll1110Ba. HOBaS! 6alllHSl 6hIJIa nOK33aHa rrpe)],CTaBI1TeJl5lM
AHI1I1
11 YMM B HOSl6pe-)],eKa6pe 1932 f. 11
6blJla B lI,eJIOM 0)]'06peHa. YCTaHOBKa 76-MM nyIIIKM KT B HOBOti yseJIWleHHOH 6alllHe TaHKa T -26 nOJIY'll1JIa MH.UeKC KT -26. Ha 1933 r. rrOCJIe)],OBaJl 3aKa3 Ha 5 TaHKOB T - 26-KT (TO eCTh OCHaIIIeHHbIX HOBOH 6alllHeH);\ 'lYTh n03)]'Hee H33BaHHhIX T -26-4 , Tpl1 113 KOTOPhrX )],OJDKHhI 6blJIM 6bITh BoopY:>KeHhI nyIllKOH a )],Ba -
HOBOH 76,2-MM nYIIIKOH ITC-3 .
70
KT,
D IaBa
III
O'rpO'leCTBO
~cnbITaH"H
TaHKa T-26-4. OKTH6pb 1933 r.
IIyrnKa II C - 3 TIUOKe HcnhITbIBanaCb B T - 26-4 B oKTH6pe 1933
r. B
KOHCTpYJ.
B XOD:e
113TOTOBlleHI15J. OOClleD:YJOrn;eH Cepl1l1 B
B0311MbIH 60eKOMOlleKT 6bIll D:OBeD:eH D:O
8
20
MallIl1H
BbICTpellOB, BbI-
XllOOHa51 Tpy6a 6bIlla oepeHeceHa, MecTO BOD:I1Tell51 o6opYD:oBaHO D:OnOllmnellbHblM BeHHlJUlU110HHbIM llJOlJKOM, HeKOTOpble MallIl1HbI OOnyql11111 'ljaCT11lJHYJO OTKHD:HYJO 6poHe3aIU11TY 3K110lDKa TOllml1HOH
6 MM
B B11D:e 60PTOBblX IUI1TOB. IloD:Bec-
Ka CaMOXOD:HbIX YCTaHOBOK 6blJIa YCI1JIeHa 3a ClJeT yseJIl1lJemUl
84
[JIaBa III
OnbiTHbl~
OrpOlJeCTBO
06pa3el( 152,4-MM
caMOXOAHO~ MOpT~Pbl
CY-5-3. OceHb 1934 r.
TOJIIlUifHbI KopeHHbIx peccop Ha 1-1 ,3 MM, HO pan.MKaJIbHOrO YJIYYIlIeHMH He rrOCneD.OBaJIO, KpOMe TOro , 60JIee MOruHbIl1 D.BMraTenb D.JIH T - 26 M CY- 5 M3rOTOBJIeH TaK M He 6blJl. B nepBOM rrOJIyrOD.MM 1937 r. npeD.nOJIaraJIOCb l13rOTOBl1Tb HOBbIM BapMaHT CY-5, no pe3ynbTaTaM MCrrbITaHl1M ·KOTOPOro yJIyYIlIMTb M cepMHHo BbInycKaeMbIe MallIl1HbI. Ho B 1937 r. Bce pa60TbI no CY-5 6bIJIl1 rrpeKparueHbI. CaMOXOD.Hble YCTaHOBKH CY-5 rrocryrraJIl1 Ha Boop}')KeHl1e M e ~aJllI3MpO BaHHhIX KopnYCOB M OTD.eJIbHbIX Mex6pl1ran.. no coCTOHHl11O Ha 1 51HBap51 1938 r. OHM MMeJIl1Cb B COCTaBe CJlenylOIlIl1X coeD.I-meHHM: : 4 MallIHHbl B 5-M MeXKoprryce MBO, 4 B 4-tJ. Mex6pHfan.e EB O , 4 B 8-11 Mex6pJITaLle KOBO, 2 B 7-M MeXKOpnyce M 4 B I1-M Mex6pMran.e JIBO, 5 BO 2-i1 M 6 B 23-ii Mex6pl1ran.ax O!l:BA, 2 MaIlIMHbI Ha HaYYHO-MCrrbITaTeJIbHOM apTl1JlnePMMCKOM nOJIMrOHe (Hl1AI1) 11 1 B peMOHTe Ha 3aBOD.e NQ174. no COCTOHHMIO Ha I l11OH5I 1941 rOD.a B KpacHoii APMl1l1 l1MenOCb 28 CY-5: 11 Ha !l:aJIbHeBOCTOYHOM cppoHTe, 9 B KHeBCKOM OC060M M 8 B 3arran.HoM OC060M BoeHHbfX oKpyrax. 113 Hl1X 6bIJIO I1crrpaBHO Ton bKO 16 MaWMH . 85
KYP~TEJlbHbIE TPY6K~
CaMOXOAHa~ MOpT~pa
3.6.
MAPWAJlA CTAJl~HA
M.CBUPUH
CY-5-3 C3aA~ B nOXOAHOM nOnO)f(eH~~
3eHHTHbie CaMOXO,lUlble
I1JIaHOM apTMJUIepMHCKoro nepeBoop)')KemUI PKKA B xo,ne BTOPOH nSlTYIJleTKM npe.uyCMaTPMBaJIOCb C03,naHMe 76,2 -MM caMoxo,nHOH 3eHMTHOH nyIIlKM Ha llIaCCM TaHKa 06lUeBOHCKOBoro nma )1)UI 060POHbI -Mexcoe,nJ,fHeHMH M 06lUeBOHCKOBblX coe,nMHeHMH OT Hana,neHMSI BpIUIDi - errre Ha 20 MaIII11H.
Oa-
HaKO aBTOp He 11MeeT aaHHbIX, 6bIJT JIll OH BbmOJIHeH nOJIHOCTbIO.
B aBrycTe-CeHT5I6pe
1936 r. 3eIDITHa5I CAY o6p. 1934/35 fr.,
rrO.flY'IHBllla51 HHaeKC 29K, rrpOXO.ll.11na 06llll1pHble l1CIIbIT~ Ha HI1AfIe. HCIIblTaH~ nOKa3aJIl1, 'lTO aBTOM0611JIb C YCTaHOBJIeHHOM B Ky30Be 3eIDITHOM rrynrKOM rro rrOBeaeH11IO Ha MeCTHOCTI1 HJ1'!eM He OTJl11'laeTC5I OT rrOBeaeH~ rp~eHoro aBTOMo611JI5I
51f-10.
OTaa'la opy~ n03BOJI5IJTa BeCTH OfOHb B CTOpOH)'
60PTOB TOJIbKO B cJIY'lae O~bIX ynOpOB , H .JIHllIb cTpeJIb6a B CTOpOH)' aBH)f(e~ , HJlli, HarrpOTHB, B CTOPOH)' KOPMbI 6bIJla IIyCT11Ma 6e3 rrpHMeHe~ OHbIX. 88
ao-
fnaBa
III
0rp01JeCTBO
29K
CaMOXOAHble 3e HI1THbie YCTaHOBKI1
Bcero B
1934-1937
Ha waccl1 rpY30BI1Ka
5lr-1 D. 1935 r.
rr. BOHcKa, BXO,lJ.HBIIllie B COCTaB Moc-
KOBCKoro BoeHHoro oKpyra, HMenH
61
YCTaHOBKY C 3eHJIITHbl-
MH OPy',lJ.IDrMH pa3nH4HhlX TJmOB B KY30Bax aBToM06uneH.
76-MM 3eHHTHaH CaMOXO,lJ;HaH YCTaHoBKa CY-6
B
H05l6pe
1933 r.
CAY Ha lllaCCH TaHKa
3a,lJ.aHHe Ha npoeKTHpOBaIDfe 3eHHTHOH
T-26
nonytmJI KOHCTpYKTOPCKHH OT,lJ.en
caMoxo;:OiOH apTHnnepIDI 3aBO,lJ.a
NQ 185.
)l,ax<e npe,llBapHTenb-
Hble npl11<J.i.UKH nOKa3anH, 'ITO lllaCCJII He06xo,lJ.HMO Y,lJ.nHH5ITb. Ho TeM He MeHee,lJ.O I
3a TaHKOM B XO.ll.e HacryTIJleHl15l.
IlnaHJ.1pOBaBllleeC>I yseJIWIeHJ.1e orneBOM MOW:HOCTI1 .ll.Byx6allleHHbIX TaHKOB
T -26 nyreM Boop)')KeHAA l1X 76-MM .ll.I1HaMO-
peaKTHBHOM nymKOM He COCTO>lJIOCb, KaK npHMepHO B 3TO )I(e BpeM>!: HeY.ll.a'IeM 3aKOH'Il1JlI1Cb I1cnblTaHI151 MOTOI.J,I1KJleTHOH nyIllKH Kyp'IeBcKoro, MIlK.
B
1936 r. nO.ll.Olllnl1 K KOHIJ,y 11 3anJIaHl-tpOBaHHble pa60TbI no
3Ha'llfTeJIbHOMY YCl1JleHHIO Boop)')KeHl15l TaHKa .ll.OJ1)l(eH 6bln nony'Il1Tb JIJ160
I 52-MM
T- 28,
KOTOPbIM
)l,PIl, JIl160 .ll.a)I(e 0pY.ll.11e
Kan116pa 305 MM. IlpaB.ll.a, onbiTHbIM 06pa3eI.J, 152-MM )l,PIl Ha lllaCCI1 rpY30Boro aBTOM06l1J1H 6bill C03.ll.aH, HO ero npl1MeHeHJ1e He CYJ1l1JlO HHKaKJ1X OCo6bIX nmoCOB KpaCHOH ApMl1l1, 11 noTOMY BCKope nOCJIe I1CnbITaHI1M OllbITHOrO o6pa3I.J,a pa60TbI B .ll.aHHOM HanpaBJIeHl111 6bill11 npeKPameHbl. 97
KYPV1TEJlbHbIE TPY6KV1 MAPWAJlA CTAJlV1HA
CepH~HaH
M.CBIt1PII/H
CaMOXOAHaH nYWKa CnK Ha WaCCH «rA3-TK». 1936 r.
HeCMOTIHl Ha MHO)l(eCTBO OIThITHhIX 06Pa3UOB, B 1935
r. 6hI-
JIO npl1H51TO Ha Boop}')KeHl1e pa3Be,UhIBaTeJIhHhIX 6aTaJIhOHOB
KpacHoH ApMHI1 11 BCKope HalJaJIO nOCTYIIaTb B BOHCKa JIMllih O,UHO TBOpeHl1e BeJIHKOrO KOM6HHaTOpa 1930-x -
CaMOXO,UHruI
nYlllKa KYPlJeBcKoro (CrIK), KOTOPruI npe,UCTaBJUlJIa C060H 76 ,2 - MM opY,UHe ErIK, YCTaHOBJIeHHOe B KY30Be aBTOM0611lli1 rA3- TK. rIocJIe TOro, KaK B 1937
r. JI.H. KyplJeBcKHti: 6hUl pe-
npeCCl1pOBaH, 6blJlli CBepH)'TbI Bce pa60ThI no ,UHHaMo-peaKTHBHhIM 0PY,UIDlM BO Bcex KOHCTpyKTOPCKl1X 6IOpO.
,lJ,o
apeCTa KOH-
cTpyKTOpa 11 npeKpaIIIeIDUI pa60T no )1,PrI B 1937
r. B lJaCTH
KpacHoti ApMJ1Ji ycneJll1 nOCTYffiITh 23 CaMOXO,UHhle YCTaHOBKH CfIK C 76,2-MM 6e30TKaTHOH nyIIIKOti KyplJeBcKoro. O,UHaKo Bcero lJepe3 ro,U nOCJIe H3roTOBJIeIDUI 3TH CAY HalJaJIH BbIXO,UI1Tb M3 CTpOH. 'IMJlMCb JlMllIb
IS
K
HalJaJIY 1939
r.
B cnpaBKe rAY 3Ha-
CAY, HaxOJUIIUHeCH B peMOHTe. )1,Be caMOXO,U-
Hble nyIIIKH 3TOro TMna yqacTBOBaJIH B COBeTCKO-I 1)-4. Ho npe)f(,Ue, 'leM BeCTH HCnbITaHIDI YKa-
ro,
6bmo
BbICKa3aHO npe,UJIO)f(eIDIe 0 nepeBoop}')KeIDIH
3aHHbIX 6eperoBbIX CHCTeM, TPe60BaJIOCb ,Uopa6OTaTb 6a3Y
CAY,
'IT06bI YCTpaIDITb He,UOCTaTKH, OTMe'IeHHbIe B xo,Ue I1CnhlTaHHH nepBoro 06pa3ua.
31
IDfBapH
1935 r.
OnhITHbIH 3aBO,U
NQ 185 no-
JIY'lHlI 3a,UaIDIe Ha npOBe,UeHHe KanHTaJIbHOH Mo,UepHH3aUHI1
103
KYP ~TEJlbHbI E TPY6 K~
MAPWAJlA CTAJl~HA
203.2-MM CaMOXOAHafl
CY-14 )J)UI
ray6~ua
M.CBVlPVlH
CY -14-1. 1936 r.
ycrpaHeHIDI Bcex 3aMeqeHHbIX He.uOCTaTKOB.
Ho .uopa6oTKH, npOBe.ueHHble B ¢eBpaJIe-MapTe, 6bIIDI. noJIOBMWlaTbIMH, TaK KaK KOCHYJIaCb JIl1IlIb XO.uOBOH qaCTH H MOTOpHO-TpaHCMHCCHOHHOH rpynnhI, He 3aTpOHyn 60eByIO qaCTb.
C5
anpeJUI. no
24
aBrycTa
HbIM ueXOM OnblTHoro 3aBo.ua JIHCb CneUHaJIbHble o6pa3ua
CY-14.
1935
r. HCnbITaTeJIbHO-c6opoq-
NQ 185 HMeHH KMpoBa npOBo.uH -
3aBo.uCKHe HcnbITaHIDI
.uopa6oTaHHoro
500
KM B pa3JIWIHbIX
MaUlHHa npOUlJIa 60JIee
YCJIOBIDIX, npo.ueMoHcTpHpoBaB B03pocUlHe 60eBbIe H Xo.uOBbIe KaqeCTBa. O.uHaKo BHOBb OTMeqaJIHCb MHO)l(eCTBeHHble He.uoCTaTKH.
B 'laCTHOCTH,
BbIHCHHJIOCb, 'ITO qepe3 UlapOBble aM6pa-
3ypbl, npe.uHa3HaQeHHble .lI.JUI. rrYJIeMeTOB
.L1:T,
rrpaKTWIeCKH He-
B03MO)I(HO BeCTH rrpHueJIbHbrM OroHb, TaK )l(e KaK HeB03MO)I(HO 6bICTpO HCnOJIb30BaTb B03HMbIH 60eKOMITJIeKT
(8
BbICTpeJIOB),
KOTopbrti Haxo.uHJICH rro.u CbeMHbIMH KpblUlKaMH rraJIy6bI, 6JIOKHpOBaHHbIMM B rroxo.uHOM rrOJIO)l(eHHH TeJIOM Opy.uIDl. I1cnOJIb3YH OnhIT, nOJIy'IeHHbrn rrpH pa60Te Ha.LI. KOHCTpYKTOPCKHH
CY- 14,
OT.ue~ . CaMOXO.uHOH apTHJIJIepHM crreUlHO
pa3pa60TaJI QepTe)f(J1 .lI.JUI. nOCTpOHKM 3TaJIOHHOro o6pa3ua caMOXO.uHOti
YCTaHOBKH
CY-14-1, 104
K OTOPbIH 6blJl H3fOTOBJIeH B
[JIaBa
III
OrpO'leCTBO
203,2-MM caMOXOAHaH HaqaJIe 1936 nepe)J.aq,
r.
ray6~l1a
CY-14- 1 cnepeA ~ . 1936 r.
OH l1MeJI y.rryqmeHHylO KOHCTp}'KU11lO Kop06KJ1
rJIaBHOrO . 3a-
HJiIK
rrOCTaHOBKe
.lI,aHJile 6bmo «crrellIHbIM JiI 6e30TJIaraTeJIbHbIM» JiI rroToM)' CTaBJiI-
126
f JIaBa
IV
~c.:..,~ --- . -'
3aTHWbe
nepe~
6ypeH
....- - "
~~
npoeKT
apT~l1l1ep~ilcKoro
TaHKa (CAY) T-100-X. 1940 r.
JIO 3aBO~ B 6e3BbIXO~HYJO Cl-nyau;J.UO, TaK KaK CpOK M3rOTOBJIeHIDlllrrYPMOBOM Mailll1HbI TalOKe 6bUI )((eCTI(MM. QT06bI KaK-TO pa3pYJIMTb cMTyaU;MIO, ~MpeKTOp 3aBO~a
NQ 185 H.B.
napbTKoB 06paTMJICH B BoeHHbIM COBeT CeBepo-
3ana,uHoro KeJIaHI15IMI1 Ha-
naBJIOBa, 6bIJI C03,n:aH T5I)KeJIbIH apnm-
JIepHMCKI1M TaHK , npe,n:Ha3Ha'leHHbIM M5I «1opMal..l,l1lO 0 C06bITM5IX C Q:>pOHTa 113 nepHOL(M'leCKOH ne'laTH, He Mor 3HaTb 06 3TOM. 3aTo ero nporH03 0 TOM, 'ITO 3anaceHHbIX B CCCP nepeL( BOWHOW TaHKOB 6YL(eT HeL(OCTaTO'lHO, nOJIHOCTblO nOL(TBepL(~C5I B 6JIIDKaWIIIee BpeM51. Y)((e B aBrycTe
1941 r.
npaKTH'lecrcH Bce npeL(BOeHHbIe 3anaCbI OTe'leCT-
BeHHbIX TaHKOB paCTaHJl11, KaK nepBblw CHer BO BpeM51 OTTeneJI11.
138
[JIaBa
B lUIH HCnblTaHHH
V
6poweHbl~
TaHK 6T-7A . neTo 1941 r.
B MIOJIe KOMaH.ll:OBaHI1IO KpaCHOH APMI1I1 CTaJIO SlCHO, '-ITO BCJIe.ll:CTBl1e 60JIbllIl1X rrOTepb MaTepl1aJIbHOH '-IaCTI1 ICHOCmU U npoxoouMocmu ylw3aHHoe UlmypM080e opyoue ( <artsturm») MartO OmJIU'"laemC5l om cpeoHe2o maHKa T-3, Ulaccu Komop020 ucnOflb308aHO npu e20 co30aHuu. JIuUlb MaKCUMartbHOJI CKopocmb 02paHU'"leHa Ha yp06He 45-50 KflM/'"laC (maHK UMeem 70 KflM/'"lac), HO Martbt 2a6apumHbte pa3Mepbt, KomOpbte nOflO:>ICUmeJlbO CKa3bt8alOmCJI KaK Ha 3aMemHocmu MaUlUHbt, maK U Ha ee npOXOOUMocmu 8 3apOCflJlX...» B TIJIaHe 6pOHeBOM 3all..\J1TbI J1CIIbITaHJ15I nOKa3aJIJ1, QTO «flo6080J1 6poHJI mOfl.UI,UHOU 55 MM HeYJl38UMa OflJl 6pOHe6oUHbiX nyflb U CHaPJl008 Kartu6pa 37-MM U 45-MM. 76-MM nYUlKa MO:>ICem nopa3umb YKa3aHHbtU apmUlmypM 6pOHe6oUHbtM CHapJlOOM Ha oaflbHocmu He C8btUle 600-800 M... JI06060J1 6pOHJI UlmypMo8020 opyoUJI UMeem 8btCOKYlO conpOmU8flJ1eMOCmb OflJl 60flbUluHcm8a npomu8omaHKo8blX cpeocm8 Ha cpeOHeu U 60flbUlOU OartbHOcmu. Eopmo80J1 6poHJI no Ka'"leCm8Y HeMH020 xY:>ICe, '"leM 6poHJI maHKa «oauMflep-6eHl{» T-3F, UCnbtmaHH020 8 19402. , HO fly'"lUle 6POHU maHKa «Kpynn» T-4, UCnbtmaHH020 17/IV C.2.
143
KYPlItTEJ1bHbIE TPY6KlIt MAPWAIlA CTAIl lit HA
nerK~i\
47 -MM
~cTpe6~Tenb
TaHKOB PanzerJager I. 1941 r.
06cmpeJl 60pm08 U3 45-MM nyulIw nOKa30.Jl, 'tmo 6POHfl mOflUJ.UHOU 32 MM fleZKO npo6u8aemcfl 6poHe6. cHapflaOM muna E-Z40 C aO.JlbHOCmU ao 400 M npu KypC080M yC/le ao 70 zpaa ... 12,7-MM U 14-MM npomU80maHK080e pYJlCbe U KpynHoKaflu6. nYfleMem He npo6u8aem 6opm. 6pOH/Q cpeaHezo maHKa C fI/Q6ou aO.JlbHOcmu ... »
B
COCTaBe BpruKeCKOM npOTHBOTaHKOBOM apnVIJIepHH OTe-
qeCTBeHHble cne~Ham1CTbI OTMeTH.lIJ1 JIerKYIO 47-MM npoTl1BoTaHKoByro nylliKY Ha IJ1aCCH JIerKoro TaHKa
PzKpfw I,
nOBpe)K-
,lleHHbIM 06pa3eII KOTOPOM 6bIJI 3axBaqeH B JIeTHIDK11MhIM XO,D, HeMellKMX «TaHKOBhlX KJIJ1HbeB», 60JIhlllMX JIaBMH HeMellKMX TaHKOB, nOMep:)I.
L MIOJIS! L941
rO,D,a HapO,D,HblM KOMMccap Boop}')KeHIDI
YCTMHOB nO,D,nMCaJI npMKa3 CJIe.llYlOmero CO,D,ep)l(aHIDI:
«BrJUay ocmpou Heo6xoaUMocmu npomU8omaHKo8bIX U 3eHumHbIX caMoXOaHblX apmcpeacm8 U 88uay omcymcm8UJl cneu,UaJlbHOU 6a3bl aM HUX npUKa3bl8alO: 1. 3a8oay M 4 pa3pa60mamb U U32om08umb 37-MM 3eHumHylO nyUl/cy Ha CaMOXOaHOMwaccu; 2. 3a8oay M 8 pa3pa6omamb u U32om08umb 85-MM 3eHumHylO U npomU80maHK08YlO nYUlKU Ha caMoXOaHOM Ulaccu;
146
DiaBa
V
B ,lUlU HCObITa"H"
3, 3a8ooy M 92 pG3pa60mamb U U32om08umb 57-MM npomu80maHlC08YlO nyullcy Ha CaMOXOOHOM Ifaccu. IIpu npoeICmup08aHUU ycmaHo80IC opueHmup08ambCJl Ha U/U POICO OC8oeHHbie npOMblUlfleHHocmblO u npUMeH51eMble fJ apmUllJlepUU 2PY30fJble a8mOMau/UHbl nOfJblU/eHHOU npoxoouMocmu UJlU 2yceHu'tHble mpaICmopbl . IIpomu80maHICOfJble OPyOUfl OOJlJICHbl UMemb IC mOMY JlCe 3a6pOHUpOfJaHHYlO ICa6uHY... IIpoeICmbl caMoxooHbLX ycmaHOfJOIC OOJlJICHbl 6blmb npeocmafJJleHbl Ha paCeMOmpeHUe He n03J1Ce 15 UIOIlfl 1941 2ooa .. . » CaMOXO,lUlbIe npoTHBoTaHKoBble
B COOTBeTCTBJiIJiI C 3 TJilM rrpJilKa30M 4 JillOJUI 1941 r . Ha 3aBONQ 92 6bma C03.l1aHa crreumUIbHa5I KOHCTPYKTOPCKa5I rpyrrrra rro.ll PYKOBO.llCTBOM IT. . MypaBbeBa. A }')Ke 'Iepe3 ruITb .lIHeH B OT.lIeJIe fJIaBHoro KOHCTpYKTopa 3aBO.lla NQ 92 B.r. fpa6Ji1Ha B
.lie
XO.lle 06Cy)!()leHJilSI JilHblX BorrpOCOB paCCMaTpJilBaJICSI JiI TaKOH :
«III. YcmaHOfJICa 57-MM npomUfJOmaHIC08ou nyU/ICu 8 73 ICG/l. (3JfC-2) Ha CaMOXOOHOM U/accu . OO/C/l. Mypa8be8: 3.1. CY- 2-1 -57-MM nyU/ICa Ha U/accu apmu/l/lepUUCICo20 2yceHu'tH020 mpaICmopa «KOMcOMOJlell,»; 3.2. CY- 2- 2 - 57-MM nyU/ICa Ha U/aCCu.6blcmpox. apmU/l/lePUUCIC020 2yceHU'tH020 mpaICmopa CT3- 5; 3.3. CY-2- 3 - 57-MM nyU/ICa fJ 2PY30fJOM afJmoMo6UJle nOfJblU/eHHOU npoxooUMocmu 3JfC UJlU FA3». TpY.llHO CKa3aTb, 'IeM OKOH'IHJIOCb YKa3aHHoe cOBew.aHJile , HO B KOHue JillOJUI H3 BOPOT 3aBO.lla BbllllJJJiI Ha JilCnblTaHJiISI .lIBe CaMOXO.llKJil: 3I1C-30 JiI 3I1C-31. ITepBa5I rrpe.llCTaBmma C060H BpamalOI.IJYlOC5I 'IaCTb 57-MM rrpOTJilBOTaHKoBoH rrywKJil 3I1C-2, YCTaHOBJIeHHylO Ha apTTSlra'Ie T - 20 «KOMCOMOJIeu», a BTOPaSI Ty)I(e rrywKy 3I1C - 2 , HO Ha TpeXOCHOM rpY30BJilKe fA3-AAA co CneUJilaJIbHO 3a6pOHJilpOBaHHoM Ka6Ji1HoH. fJIaBHOM oco6eHHOCThlO 3I1C- 30 6hIJIO TO , 'IT0.llJ151 MOHTa)I(a opY.lIJiISI Ha.lI .lIBJilraTeJIeM OH nOKphIBaJICSI IT-06pa3HbIM «ce.llJ10M » , CJIY)I(amJilM O.llHOBpeMeHHO KaK MSI YCTaHOBKJiI Bpaw.a10meHC5I 'IaCTJiI 3I1C-2 , TaK JiI.lIJI5I YCJilJIemUl KPhllIIJiI MTO .
147
KYPVlTEJlbHblE TPY6KVI MAPWAJlA CTAJlVlHA
OnblTHblH 06pa3elj 57-MM CaMoxoAHOro
OPYA~R
M. CBVlP/l1H
nTO 3V1C- 30. 1941 r.
CpaBHJ.1TeJlbHble I1CrrbITaHIDl 3TI1X MaUlI1H, rrpOBeJ],eHHble B 11I0Jle-aBrycTe, rrOKa3aJIW, 'ITO 311C-31 IIpW CTpeJlb6e 60Jlee YCTOWII1Ba W 06JlaJ],aeT HeCKOJlbKO JlyqIlIeH KyqHOCTblO rro CpaBHeHl110 C 3I1C-30. OJ],HaKO BCJIeJ],CTBl1e TOro, 'ITO 311C-31 6bIJla 3Ha'II1TeJIbHO ~eperpy;KeHa, ee rrpOXOJ],WMOCTb OKa3aJIaCb HIDKe , 'IeM Y 3I1C-30, a TalOKe 113-3a oCTPora HeJ],OCTaTKa TpexOCHbIX rpY30BWKOB fA3-AAA 11 311C-6 B apMHW rrpeJ],nO'ITeHl1e 6bIJlO OTJ],aHO rrOCJleJ],HeH. BI1J],I1MO, B TO)!(e BpeW! 113rOTOBJIeHHhIH 06pa3eu 311C-30 I1CrrbITaJIl1 Ha rrpOXOJ],I1MOCTb 11 npeJ],'MIBWJIW npeJ], O'IW rOCKOMI1CCI1I1 rroJ], rrpe.uceJ],aTeJIbCTBOM MapllIaJIa f.11. KYJIWKa. IIolUITHO, 'ITO rrp06er MallIl1HbI rro Cl1JIbHOrrepeCe'IeHHOH MeCTHOCTI1 rrpOllIeJl C 60JlbllII1M TPYJ],OM. IIeperpy;KeHHbIH J],Bl1raTeJIb TpaKTopa «KOMCOMOJIeu,> rreperpeBaJICH, npw npoxo)!(J],eHI1I1 Kocoropa MallIl1Ha 3aBaJII1JIaCb Ha 60K ... He MYJ],peHo, 'ITO OT3bIB rrpeJ],ceJ],aTeJIH KOMI1CCI1I1 0 TaKoH CAY 6bIJI J],aJIeKO He BOCTOp)!(eHHbIM. MHorl1e l\eTepaHbI 3aBOJ],a
NQ 92 TaK nepeCKa7
«3JfC-30, IWHe'tHO, MaUlUHa CJla6aJl, HO HU'teeo opyeoeo 60AbUie Hem, a ¢pOHm ;)ICoem! PeICoMeHoyeM!'> 3bIBalOT era CJlOBa:
148
DIaBa
B rom HCnbITaHHH
V
57-MM CaMOXOAHOe
opYA~e
mo 3V1C-30 Ha n03~1I~~. 3~Ma 1941-1942 rr.
11 BCKope 0 cBoeH 3aIDfTepeCOBaHHOCTH JJ;aHHbIM H3JJ;eJIHeM BbICKa3aJICJI H BbICJ.IJHi.1: BoeHHbIH PYKOBOMIIIHH opraH BOIOIOllIeH
LI,..
CTpaHbl.
ComaCHO
YCTHHOBa 3aBOJJ;
H3BOJJ;CTBO 311C-30 C
npHKa3y
HapKOMa
BOOp)')KeHHH
NQ 92 JJ;OJDKeH 6bm Ha'-laTb cepHHHoe npoI
ceHTH6pJl 1941 1: , H 3aBOJJ; 6bm fOTOB K
3T0My. ... TpYJJ;HOCTH B03HHKJIH TaM , rJJ;e HX IDlKTO He )I()l,aJI. BbI5lCHHJIOCb, '-ITO 3aBOJJ;
NQ
37 B MocKBe, e,lUfHCTBeHHbIH npOH3BO-
JJ;HTeJIb TJlfaqeH «KOMCOMOJIeu» , B aBrycTe npeKpaTHJI HX cepHiiHoe npOH3BOJJ;CTBO H ueJIHKOM nepeKJI101fHJICJI Ha BblnyCK n\HKOB T-60. II03ToMY LWI H3roTOBJIeHH51 311C-30 CneUHaJIbHOH
rpyn-
ne HKCM npHllIJIOCb H3bIMaTb «KOMCOMOJIbUbI» JJ;lDKe H3 BOHHCKHX '-IacteH H 3aHHMaTbCJI HX peMOHTOM nepeJJ; OTnpaBKOH Ha 3aBOJJ;, TaK KaK 60JIbIIIHHCTBO H3 Hai1JJ;eHHbIX 6bmH HeHCnpaBHbI. B pe3YJIbTaTe 3THX rrpOBOJIO'-leK cepHi1Hoe npOH3BOJJ;CTBO caMOXOJJ;OK aKTH'-IeCKH HaqaJIOCb TOJIbKO C 21 CeHT516pJl. Bcero JJ;O 15 OKTJl6p51 1941
r. 3aBOJJ;OM 6bmo H3fOTOBJI.eHO 101
MaIIIHHa 311C-30 C 57-MM nyrnKoH 311C-2 (c yqeToM nepBoH OnbITHOH MaIIIHHbI) H OJJ;Ha 311C-30 C 45-MM npOTHBOTaHKoBoH rryIIIKOH 60JIbIIIOH MOIUHOCTH (K CO)l(aJIeHHIO, -He BnOJIHe rro-
149
KYPVlTEflbHblE TPY6KVl MAPWAJlA CTAJlVlHA
OnbiTHbl~
06pa3el\ 57-MM CaMoxoAHOro 0PYAI1R
M.CB/I1P/l1H
mo 3I1C-41 . 1941 r.
H51THO , KaKa51 I1MeHHO 45-MM rrylliKa 6bma Ha HeM YCTaHOBJIe Ha) . ,L(aJIhHeiimee np0I13BO)1.CTBO Maml1H C)1.ep)!(lffiaJIOCh OTCYTCTBl1eM Hlra'leM «KOMCOMOJIeu». QT06bI KaK-TO BblHTI1113 3Toro nOJIO)KeHlUI., rpyrma MypaBheBa no CBoeH I1HI1Ul1aTI1Be B Ha'laJIe OKT5I6p51 cnpoeKTHpOBaJIa CaMOXO)1.KY 311C -4 1. OHa npe)1.CTaBJI5lJIa C060M BpaIUaIOIUYIOCSI'IaCTb nYlllKH 311C-2 , YCTaHOBJIeHHYIO Ha CneUl1aJIhHO 3a6POHI1pOBaHHhiH nOJIyryceHI1'IHhIH Be3)1.eXO)1. 311C - 22 (noCJIe)1.Hlfl1 cepHHHO BbIITYCKaJICSI aBT03aBO)1.0M 311C B MOCKBe). llcnhITaHHa51 B H05l6pe 1941
r. 311C-41 nOKa3aJIa XOpOllll1e pe-
3YJIbTaTbl. O)1.HaKO K 3TOMY BpeMeHH CTaJIO rrOH51THO , 'ITO rrYlllKa 311C-2 He)1.0JIrO rrpocy\ueCTByeT Ha . O.D;HaKO npH 60JIee .D;JIHTeJIbHOH 3KCnJIyaTaium TeXHHqeCKOe HeCOBepllIeHCTBO MallIHH .D;aBaJIO 0 ce6e 3HaTb. TaK, K 15 anpeJI.SI 1942 r. B apTKOMe fAY HaKOnl1JIOCb 60JIbliiOe 'II1CJIO HeJIeCTHbIX OT3bIBOB M3 BOHCKOBbIX qaCTeH Ha 57-MM npOTHBOTaHKOBble nymKI1 , 311C-2 H 3I1C-30. B OTHOllIeHJrn nOCJIe.D;HeH , B qaCTHOC-
aKT npl1156
[JIaBa
V
B )I)IH HCDblTaHHH
TOT lKe TaHK T -34, ~TO ~ Ha npeAblAYll1eM CH~MKe.
MeHeHJ151 Ha IH I C 290 180
1]~~QJlQn~lH!eMhl~ []~[]51T~TIH18
CTeHK3, MM
6POll, MM
20 20 H.ll. H.ll. H.ll. 600
167
H.ll. H.ll. H.ll. H.ll. H.ll. 500
35 35 30 2000 750 800
ThaBa
VI.
Ha3~ K KJIaCCHKe Y
HaC '1aCTO
mrrnyr, 'ITO CAY B03~KJlH,
KaK
npellBH.l\eHHe , KaK nOnblTKa llaTb TaHKaM nollBIDKHylO apTIUIJIepl1lO .. . EpYHlla! Pa60Tbl Ha'lamtCb B COPOK BTOPOM nOTOMY, 'ITO He XBaTaJlO TaHKOB 11 rnra'leA .. .
CY-76
Moma
npl1MeHlITbCli 11 KaK .D;HBH3HOHHaH 11 npOTI1BOTaHKOBaH nYlliKa, 11 KaK TaHK, no OrHeBOH MOIUI1 paSHblH
T-34...
ll.l1. FOPAUU,Kllii . 1138ocnoMUHaHUU
6.1.
IIepBbIe JIaCTOQKH
I1epBble yrroMJ.1HaHI151 0 npoeKTHhIX pa60Tax no C03)l,aJuno OTelJ.eCTBeHHbIX plO
1941 r. ,
CAY BoeHHoro BpeMeHJ.1
OTHOCSITCSI K CeHT51.6-
KOr)l,a HalJ.aJ1bHI1K BToporo OT)l,eJla HKTI1 (TexoT-
c.A. [I1H36ypr B YCJlOBJ.1SIX OCTporo He)l,OCTaTKa CneUI1aJ1b-
)l,eJl)
HbIX apnUIJlepJ.1~CK11x TSIralJ.eti, ryceHl1lJHbfX TpaKTopOB 11
rpy-
30BbIX aBTOM0611J1eti BbI,llBJ.1HYJl rrpe)l.JlO)l(eHl1e 0 HalJaJJe paJpa60TK11 urrypMoBblX J.1 3eHJ.1THbIX 6POHJ.1pOBaHHhIX ryceHWIHhIX MallI11H Ha llIaCCJ.1 JlerK11X TaHKOB T
-60,
rrp0I13BO)l,CTBO KOTO-
PbIX umpOKO pa3BOpa'l11BaJJOCb. O)l,HaKO )l,0 KOHua
1941
r. TIa
J.1HI1Ul1aTJ.1Ba OTKJII1Ka [KO He nOJIY'I11JIa. Ha COBelUaHl111 HKTI1 , rrpOllIe)l,llIeM
26-28
SIHBapSI 11 rro-
CBSIlUeHHOM 113YlJeHI1IO OfThITa Be)l,eH11SI 60eB B HacTyrrneHI1I1,
CA.
HIH36ypr BHOBb rrO)l,HAA Borrpoc 0 C03)l,aHJf11 JlerK11X
CAY
C MOlUHblM BOOp~eHl1eM, rr03BOJISIlOlUJ.1M 60POThCSI co cpe)l,-
168
fJIasa
VI
Ha3~ K KJlaCCHKe
HHMH rum TIDKeJIbIMH TaHKaMH . HeO:JlCH,lJ,aHHO
AJUI ce6H OH Ha-
llIeJI nOMep)!(J(}' B JIHue HapKOMa H qpHCyrcTBoBaBllIero Ha COBemaHHH npe.ll,CTaBHTeJIH HapKOMaTa 060POHbI, KOTOpble YBH.lI,eJIH B npe,LVIaraeMbIX KOHCTpYJ(TOPOM 60eBhlX MallIHHax BapHaHT CHJlbHO BOOpyxeHHOrO TaHKa 6e3 6allIHH H npH 3TOM .lI,eweBoro H npOCTOrO B npOH3BO.ll,CTBe. B KY
Bblwe - 3a nOABH>KH.
MepTs. 30Ha
T-60-3
fles. - 12,48, npas. - 14,35
WTaTHble OT T-70M
WTaTHble OT T-70
rOp~3
r Op~3 . - 3,5° 3a 060pOT.
Cs060AHblH
Cso60AHoe Ka~aH~e
Cs060AHoe
- 6° 3a 060pOT.
BepT~K
- 10° 3a 060pOT.
IIOCKOJIhKY TaHK T
-60-3 He l1MeJI JJ;Bl1raTeJUI,
Ka~aH~e
a TalOKe KOJI-
JII1MaTOp Horo np"QeJIa, K I1cnhITaHl15IM OH JJ;onymeH He 6bJJ1 . TaHKl1 )J(e T
-70 (3) 11 T -90 CHa'lana nOJJ;BeprJIl1Ch npo6ery no 50 KM C paCCTonopeHHhIM op)')J(l1eM (I1HTepec-
6e3JJ;OpO)J(hIO Ha
HO, 'lTO, no OT'leTy
rAY,
npo6er COCT05Ul.C5I eme
181
1 JJ;eKa6p5I).
KYP~TEJ1bHbIE TPY6K~
MAPWAJ1A CTAJ1~HA
TaHK T-90 nepeA npoBeAeH~eM
~cnblraH~H .
1942 r.
I1cnbITaHWlI CTpeJIb60M rro mWTaM rrpOWJIW W BO BpeMH HWX 6hIJIO C)1;eJIaHO
1125
M .C8UpUH
5-9
)1;eKa6plI,
BhICTp eJIOB Bcero .
OTMe'IaeMhle 'IaCTble 33)J;ep)l(1Gf B CTpeJIb6e IIyJIeMeTOB 06'blICHlIJIWCh, no MHeHWIO KOMI1CCWW, He)1;OCTaTO'IHO rrpO)1;YMaHHOM KOHCTpYKUweM Mara3WHOB W wx IlJIOXOM rrO)1;rOHKoM. CKOPOCTh ropW30HTaJIbHOM HaBO)1;K11 3eHWTHoro TaHKa )1;OJDKHa COCTaBJIlITb He MeHee
10° 3a
O)1;I1H 060 pOT MaXOBWKa,
TaK 'ITO )J;JIlI 06JIer'Iemrn 6bICTporo OTKphITMH orHH 113 op~ B ueJIh nOJIe3HO rrpe)1;YCMOTpeTb B03MO)I(HOCTh er o HaBe)1;eHWlI CB060)1;HhIM Ka'IaHWeM, caMO )l(e op~e rrpw 3TOM )1;OJI)l(HO 6hITh ypaBHOBeweHO. 1-13-3a 60JIbWOrO paCXO)1;a rraTpOHOB He06xo)1;11M0 6hIJIO )1;0BeCTW B03 WMhrM OT JIeHT.
EK TaHKa)1;O 900-1500
rraTpOHOB C rrl1TaHweM
Y CTa HoBKa p3)J;WOCTaHUI1W B 3eH11THOM TaHKe 6hIJIa
He06xo)1;WMa , TaK KaK ee HaJIW'IWe 06JIer'IaJIo ueJIeYKa3aHwe . Ho fJIaBHOe , K 'IeMY rrpwwml WCnblTaTeJIW. 3K11rr3)l(a B 'IenOBeKa W TeM
60nee
2
O)1;HOMeCTHoM 6awHw 6hIJIO , 6e3 COMHe -
HWH , MaJIO )J;JIlI HOPMaJIhHOM 060pOHhI TaHKOBhIX KonOHH Ha Mapwe OT BHe3 arrHO H aJIeTa IOUIWX caMoneTOB Bpara.
182
[JlaBa
VI
Ha33,lJ. K KJIaCCHKe
TOT lICe TaHK COOKY. OPYJK~e B n0I10llCeH~~ MaKC~ MaI1bHOrO B03BblweH~~ .
flo HTOraM HCnhlTaHHH 6hm COCTaBJleH aKT, KOTOPhlH HTO)!(J1Jl ,
'ITO caMa MhICJlb 0 C03J],aHHH 3 eHHTHbIX nYJleMeTHhIX TaH-
KOB BnOJIHe palYMHa, HO HCn0Jlh30BaTb,llJUl 3 TOH ueJlH cnewHO nepe,UeJlaHHhle JillHeHHbie TaHKH HeueJleco06palHO, TaK KaK ,llJUI HX HOpMaJIhHOrO npHMeHeHIDI. 06beM TaKHX nepe,UeJlOK 6y,UeT cpaBHHM C H3rOTOBJleHHeM TaHKa 3aHOBO. KOMHCCIDI. OTJ],aBaJIa 5I.BHOe npe,UnO'ITeHHe T
-90, HO OTMe-
THJla He06xo,UHMOCTh 3Ha'IHTeJlbHOH ,UOBO,UKH KOHCTPYKUHH MallIHHhl J],O Tpe6yeMbIX YCJlOBHH .
11.
CaBHH He CornaCHJlC5I. C BhIBO,UaMH TT. HeHapOKOBa, Ac-
TpOBa H MaKJlaKOBa, OCPOPMHB HX B BH,Ue cBoero «oc060ro MHeHIDI.» 0 60JIhllieM yJ],06CTBe 6hICTporo HaBeJ],eHIDI. Ka'IalOIUHXC5I. nYJleMeTOB. HeO))(}I,UaHHO ero nOMep))(aJIH HcnhITaTeJill HI13eHfla H HI1ETnoJIJITOHa, CTpeJI5l.Blillfe no B03JJ.YlllHhIM 3Me5lM. ,n;eJlO B TOM , 'ITO , KpOMe cTpeJlh6 no IUHTaM , BHe 3a'IeTa 6bIJla opraHH30BaHa TaK))(e HOlJHa5I. CTpeJlh6a no KOCTpaM C nOJ],CBeTKOH llIKaJI npHueJlOB H no 6yKCHpyeMOMY KOHyCy. 06IUHe pe3YJlhTaThI 3a'IeTHb1X HCnhlTaHHH CTpeJlh60H no IUHTaM MO))(HO BhlBeCTH B BH,Ue Ta6JIHUbI:
183
M .CB/Ilp/l/H
KYPVlTEIlbHblE TPY6KVl MAPWAJlA CTAJlVlHA T-70 (3)
TaHK:
T-90
1.
3arpCl,l1. OroHb BeCn! MOlKHO
3arpCI,I1. OroHb Beenl HeYA06HO; HeypaBHoBeWeHHOe OPYJK01e
2.
YCTpaHHTb 3CI,I1eplKK01 HeYA06HO
YCTpaHHTb 3C1,11eplKK01 YAo6HO PY~HaH
3.
Mana CKOPOCTb roP013. HaBOAK01,
01 sePT. HaBOAK01
BepT. HaBOAK01 - HopManbHo
-/1-
CTpellb6bl* lleB. nYlleMeT
R100M = 70 CM, R50M
R100M =100 CM, R50M
=25 CM
R100M
6.
=40 CM "
-/1-
npaB. nYlleMeT
5.
nepe3apHAKa AonycnlMa
Mana CKOPOCTb roP013. KY~HOCTb
4.
Py~HaH
nepe3apHAKa CTeCHeHa
= 85 CM, R50M =45 CM
R100M
=100 CM, R50M =45 CM* *
MeTKOCTb: Bce np060l1Hbi
~MeeTcH
CMel11eHbl BH013-BnpaBo
CTB01H
nne~eBblX
6pOHeBaH 3al1101Ta cTpellKa YAOBIl.
~3-3a
Bblpe3a nOA npl1ljell 3al1101Ta
pa36poc O13-3a OTCYlynopoB nYlleMeToB
YXYAweHa napaMeTpbl T-60-3 CH01Manl1Cb no IlI1~HO~ npocb6e TOB. CaBI1Ha, B 3a~eT He WIlI1 KY~HOCTb
CTpellb6bl T-70 nOHl1lKeHa O13-3a HeYKoMnlleKToBaHHocHI nYlleMeToB
nlle~eBblM
ynopOM.
Ho I13-3a HeJIeTHOH noro,nbI nO,lIJOTOBJIeHHa5I cTpeJIb6a no KOH)'caM , 6YKCI1pyeMbIM 3a CaMOJIeTOM Y - 2, He np0I13Bo,nI1JTaCb. Il03TOMY y)!(e no OKOH'IaHI1I1 I1CnbITaHMH no rrpeMO)!(eHMIO
11.
CaBI1Ha COCT05lJlI1Cb cTpeJIb6bI no pOM6I1'IeCKOMY B03JlYl1l-
HOMY 3MeIO paJMepOM npI16JTJ13I1TeJIbHO Te'leHI1e
2-3
1,5x1,5
M, KOTopbrn B
MMHYT 113 O,nHoro (Ha Bbl6op) rryJIeMeTa KCl)I()lOrO
TaHKa no,nBepranC5I. o6cTpeny 6pOHe6oHHbIMI1 rryJI5l.MI1. Bcero 113 KCl)I()lOro TaHKa 6bIDO Bbln:yru:eHO no
30 naTpOHOB (1
MaraJI1H).
XOTb pe3YJIbTaTbI o6cTpeJIa 3MeeB BeJII1Cb BHe 3a'leTa, OHI1 6 bIDI1 3a¢wKcwpoBaHbl npe,ncTaBI1TeJIeM fAY B BI1.D:e:
TaHK: nonaAaHI1~ :
11. CaBI1H
T-90 3
T-70 (3) 9
T-60-3 12
rOTOB 6bID HeMeMeHHO no pe3YIlbTaTaM YKaJaH-
HbIX WCnbITaHI1H npo,nOJl)!(I1Tb pa60TbI no npeo6pa30BaHI1IO JIerKI1X TaHKOB B 3eHWTHble, HO HeO)!(I1,!J;aHHO I1HTepeC fAETY K T
-60-3, T -70 (3) 11 T -90 yrran,
'ITO 6bIDO CB5I.3aHO, CKopee Bcero,
C HalJanOM nOCTaBOK rryIleMeTHbIX 3CY
184
M-16 no IleH,n-JTJ13Y.
[ mrna VI
Ha3a,zJ, K KJIaCCHKe
I4HTepbep nerKOMnpoTHBOTllHKOBOM CAY CY-I4T-76 (1413.76-CY). 1942 r.
6.4. COBeTCKHe «XemepbI» B HelIlHMH o 61IMK HeMeUJ(oro «XeTllepa», rrOXO:JKero Ha rpo6l1K Ha ryceHHUax, HeCOMHeHHO, XOPOIllO 3HaKOM mo6HTeJUlM
cCCP TaK:JKe BeJIaCb pa60Ta Ha,n: CAY, rrpmeM 3a,n:OJIro,no rrOmIDeHIDI HeMeUKHX BH3aBH.
ETT, HO MaJIO KTO 3HaeT, qTO B TaKHMM
Erue B anpeJIe
1942
1: C HHHlJ,HaTHBoH HaqaJIa BbmycKa
CneUHaJIhHhIX rrpoTHBoTaHKoBhIX
CAY
BbICTyIIHJ1 HapKoMaT
BOOpy:JKeHMH. llHTepecHo oTMeTHTb, qTO B 3a,n:amll1: Ha pa3pa60TKY 3TH
CAY
Ha3bIBaJIHCh «IllTYPMoBble npoTHBoTaHKoBble
opy,nID1» , rrpMQeM oco60 orOBapHBaJIHCb CJIe,nyJOIUHe HX oco6eHHocTM: llMen B03MO:JKHO 60JIee HH3KHH CHJIY3T (:JKeJIaTeJIhHO Ha ypoBHe cpe,nHero pocTa qeJIOBeKa). llcrroJIh3oBaTb HaH60JIee ,nelIleBbIe Y3J1bI MaCCOBO npoH3Bo,nMMbIX JIerKHX TaHKOB, rpY30BbIX aBTOM06HJ1eH H TpaKTOpoB. B KaqeCTBe CHJ10BOH YCTaHoBKH HMeTb B03MO:JKHOCTb YCTaHOBKH cepHHHo npoH3Bo,nHMbIX aBTOM06HJ1bHbIX MOTOPOB, H3 qHCJIa XOPOlUO OCBoeHHhIX npOMhIIllJIeHHOCTbIO. llMeTb B03MO:JKHO MeHhlIlYIO qHCJIeHHOCTh paCqeTa (3KHna:JKa), He CBbIlIle
3 qeJIOBeK.
llMen BOOpy:JKeHHe ,
crroco6Hoe Ha ,nHCTaHUHH
n p o6HBaTb 6pOHIO TOJIIUHHOH EpoHeBa5I 3aIUHTa
50 MM H
CAY ,nOJl:JKHa
500
M
6oJIee.
o6eCneqMBaTb Ha,n:e:JKHYIO
3aruHTY MaIIlMHbI OT 37-MM rrpoTHBoTaHKoBbIX rrymeK C
185
KYPltlTEJlbHblE TPY6Kltl MAPWAJlA CTAJlltlHA
M.CBlllpIIIH
JI060BhlX paKYpCOB Ha BCeX ;:U1CTaHUIDlX ,UeHCTBHTeJIhHOrO OrHH. OOpTa 11 KopMa CAY,UOJl)KHhl npe,UoxpaHHTh paClJeT (3KHnruK) OT nYJIh KpynHOKaJII16epHhix nYJIeMeTOB, JIerKI1X IlTP, a TaIOKe OCKOJIKOB cHapH,UoB, 60M6 I1JII1 MHH.
K
pa60Te Ha,U npoeKToM CAY nO,UKJIIO'fHJIHCh KOHCTPYK-
TopCKHe KOJIJIeKTI1Bhl HIU1-13, MBTY HM. oaYMaHa, HATI1 ,
UAJ(£ , YpaJIMaU13aBo,Ua. JIeToM 1942
r. HI1I1-13 npe,UCTaBI1JI 3CKH3HblH
npoeKT CPaJY
HeCKOJIbKl1X Bapl1aHTOB I1cTPe6HTeJIeH TaHKOB Ha waCCH H3 Y3JIOB JIerKl1X TaHKOB T -60 11 T -70. IlpoeKThI TPex TaKl1X MaWl1H OTJII1lJaJIl1Ch ,Upyr OT .upyra maBHhrM o6pa30M TOJIhKO BoopY)I(eHl1eM . Oco6eHHocTblO 3THX CAY 6bIJI 6poHeKopnyc MaJIOH BbI COTbI , 113rOTOBJIeHHhrH cBapKoH H3 KaTaHHhlX 6poHeBblX JrnCTOB TO.llllJ,I1HOH -
3S-IS
MM. PaCnOJIaraBWMCH no,U 60JIhWHMH yr-
JIaMI1 HaKJIOHa 6pOHH o6ecne'lHBaJIa 3KHna)l(y (3 'lenOBeKa B Jll1 HeHHoH CAY HJlI1 4 lJeJIOBeKa - B KOMaH,Ul1PCKOH) HennoxyIO 3a-
J.JJ,l1TY OT orHH HeMeuKI1X 37-MM IlTIl 11 SO-MM TaHKOBhlX nymeK C ,UmiHoH CTBOJIa 42 KaJIl16pa (Hal16oJIee MaCCOBble B HeMeUKoH apMHl1,UO BTOPOH nOJIOBHHhl 1942
r.) . .uBHraTeJIh H
Kopo6KY ne-
pe,UalJ npe,UJIaranOCb JaHMCTBOBaTh OT aBTOM06H.JU1 3I1C-S (nyTeM I T>I)[(eJIoti: IllTYPMOBOti: CAY no peIlleHI1IO fKO 3aH>lJll1Cb Y3TM Upl1 yqacTI1M QK3. Ha Y3TM 3CK113Hblti: npoeKT YCTaHOBK11 152,4- MM ray6MUhI-rryIllK11 MJI-20 no)], I1H)],eKCOM Y-IS 6bIJI pa3pa60TaH KOHcTPYKTopaMI1 f.H . PbI6l1HbIM 11 I1HbrM, HO pa60ThI uo )],OBO)],Ke npoeKTa 3aT>lHYJII1Cb.
K.H. HJIh-
Hx pa60Ta 3Ha'fMTeJIhHO OCJIO)[(H>lJlaCh TeM, 'lTO no 3aKa3Y fAY npMIllJlOCb cneillHO BbIllOJIH>lTh npoeKT 203 ,2- MM ray611Uhl o6p. 1931 r. Ha lllaCCI1 TaHKa KB, KOTophrn IlleJI no)], HH)],eKCOM Y-19, npl1'!eM )],aHHhle pa60ThI BeJII1Cb napaJIJIeJIhHO C Y-lS. 0 )]'HaKO IllaCCM 203 ,2-MM CAY nOJIY'laJIOCh I13JlMIllHe neperp}')KeHHbIM 11, M pa60TbI no Y -19 6hIJIM OTJIO)[(eHhI. TeM BpeMeHeM )J,JI>I ¢OpCl1pOBaHI1>1 pa60T no 152-MM CAY B KE QK3 6hIJIa C03)],aHa CneUl1aJIhHa>l rpyuna , B KOTOPYlO no npMKa3y HapKoMa TaHKoBoti: npOMhIIllJleHHOCTI1 NQ 764 nepeIllJII1 C Y3TM KOHCTPYKTOPhI H.B . KYPI1H, f.H . PhI6I1H, 203
KYPlt1TEJlbHbIE TPY6Klt1 MAPWAJlA CTAJllt1HA
~HTepbep
K.H.
M.C8I11pIIIH
6oeBOro OTAeJ1eHIo1~ CY-152(KS-14). 1942 r.
l1.r!bHH 11 B.A. BHllIHHKOS. A qyrb n03,l(Hee nOCTaHOBJIe-
Hl1e fKO NQ 2692 OT 4 HHBap5I 1943 r.
06513bIBaJIO HKTll
(l£K3, OnhlTHblM 3aBO,l( NQ 100) H HKB (3aBO,l(bl NQ
172 H
NQ 9)
B Te'-leHl1e 25 ,l(HeM 3aBepllIHTb npoeKTHble pa60TbI no C03,l(a Hl,no TIDKeJIOW CAY Ha 6a3e TIDKeJIOrO TaHKa KB-l C H nepe,l(aTb OnblTHblW o6pa3eu M5I npOBe,l(eHH5II1CnblTaHlfw . MMeHHo 3TO nOCTaHOBJIeHHe XJIeCTKO nO,l(CTerHYJIO npOeKTl1pOBIUI1KOB 3aSepWl1Tb poHTa BOMCKa BrrOJIHe 06XO~MJIMCb MMeBIlJeMCH B HaJIM'IHM 60JIee )],ellleBOM ~MBH3MOHHOM apTHJIJIepMeM. no 3aBepllJeHMM rrepBbIX ~eCHTM ~HeM BOMCKOBbIX 6Y)]'Hei1
3aBO~CKMe KOMa~bJ 6blJIH 60JIbUJeM 'IaCTblO CMeHeHbI cj:>POH-
207
KYPVlTEJlbHblE TPY6KVl MAPWAJlA CTAJlVlHA
M.CBII1PIl1H
TOBbIMH 3Kl1na)!(aMH, H CaMOXO,D,Kl1 BKJlIO'fl1JlHCb B rmaHOBble 60H , KOTOpble npOlllJIH 13-15 -34 nO)laJIO «CaMOXO)lH}'1O» £IYlIIKY C-l B paMocIHoM YCTaHOBKe. 0pY)lJile npe)lHa3Ha:lJaJIOCh)lllil JIerKJiIX CAY HI1I1-13 H 6bIJIO )lOpa60TaHO)lllil CY-76(T-IlI). YCTaHoBKa OPY)lH51 C-l B 6oeBoM Py6Ke HOBOH. CAY He BbI3BaJIa HJilKaKHX np06JIeM. Ho npe)lJIO)f(eHHa51 rA30M 6poHJilpOBKa opY)ll151 6bIJIa COcITeHa CJIO)f(HOM, JiI B CpOK n51Tb )lHeH. 3aBO)l NQ 592 COBMeCTHO C Y3TM npe)lJIO)KJilJIJiI peIIIeHl1e, ycTpOHBlIIee Bcex, - JIHTa51 0PY)lJilMHa51 MaCKa. 15 ¢eBpaJI5l 1943 r. HalJaJIbHHK OT)leJIa rJIaBHOrO KOHCTpyKTopa HKTll c.rJilH36ypr )lOKJIa)lblBaJI HapKOMY 0 TOM, lJTO «.. . 3a80a M 37 flaLfGJl U32om08fleflue onblmH020 o6pa3u,a 76-MM caMoXOaHOU tumYPMo8oU nytuKU C-I ... ». A 6 MapTa onbITHbIM o6pa3eu HOBOH. CAY )')Ke :SbIIIIeJI Ha HcnbITaHHSI. 213
KYPl-1TEJ1bHbIE TPY6Kl-1 MAPWAJlA CTAJll-1HA
.,....,.
:. ,
M.CB/I1PIl1H
~
CpellHerexHH~ KM/~
T. pz III 320 3000 6/1 48 25 EeH3HH I C 300 170
T-70 T. T-70 140 140 3200 3400 4/1 4/1 40 40,0 25 25 EeH311H I C EeH3HH Ic 400 320 220 300
T.
T-70 160 3600 4/1 41 25 EeH311H Ie 420 320
1111~QllQll~l!a~Mbl~ [!~llll:rs;IIIHl1
H.lI. HJl. H.lI. 2000 600 1000
233
35 30 32 1800 600 800
35 30 30 2000 600 900
H.lI. H.lI. H.lI. H.lI. H.lI. H.lI.
ThaBa VIII. KOpeHHOH nepeJIOM KOflla B Boi1cKa nOCTYmIJUf nepBble
CY -76, TO
HeKOTOpble 06llleBOi1cKOBbJe KOMaHll.H pbl BBHlIY OTCyrCTBlliI Ta H KOB pelllHllH HCnOJlb30BaTb HX B Ka'leCTBe TaHKOB HenOCpellCTBeHHol1 nOlllIep )l(lGf neXOTbl. H o CaMOXOllKH, KOHe'lHO, He npHcnoco6J1eHbll\Jlll :3Toro ...
H./!. f{ICo8Ae8. «06 apmwwepuu u HeMHOZO° ce6e»
8.1. B O)Klf)1;aHHH JIeTa BapHau.HH co WTaTaMH HeLJeJIOBeLJeCKHe YCl1JIlliI Bcero COBeTCKoro HapOJ],a, l1 B LJaCTHOCTl1 TaHKOCTpOl1TeJIeM , npeJ],npl1H5IThIe B 1942
r. B CCCP,
npl1BeJIl1 K TOM)', LJTO B HaLJaJIe 1943 r. B KpacHoti ApMJ1I.1 6hIIDI )')Ke He TOJIbKO TaHKOBhIe 6pl1raJJ,hI l1 OTJ],eJIhHhIe TaHKOBble KOpnyca, HO )')Ke 6bIJIl1 ClCeHue HeMeu,KUX maHK06 U npUHflmue Ha 600pY:>ICeHUe H06blX 06pa3u,06 COMOXOiJ06 nOK03bl6aem, Ifmo 2Jla6HOU U,eJlblO HeMeu,KUX 60UCK cmaH06flmCfl C06emCKue maHKU. .. Me:>lc meM nepe600pY:>ICeflUe HeMeu,Kou fjJoLUucmcKou apMUU H06blMU 06pa3u,aM.U maflK06 cma6um 60npoc 60Pb6bl C HUMU HO nep60e Mecmo, mate KaK KpacHafI. APMUfl He UMeem 6 HacmOflU{ee 6peM.f/. 3fjJfjJeKmu6flbLX cpeiJcm6 60Pb6bl C flUMU Ha cpeiJ!.leU U 60JlbLUOU iJaJlbHOcmu ... » CTaSI1TemlMI1
rrOKa3aJIO, 'ITO:
240
Duma VIII
20-MM
KOpeHHOH nepeJlOM
3eHlnHbl~
aSTOMaT Ha
wacc~
TaHKa PzKpfw I Ausf A.1942 r .
.H. BCe )((e HaH60JlbllJee BHHMaHJ1e B KA y)),eJUIJIOCb 60Pb6e C TaHKaMM «TJ.ITp» 11 PzKpfW
IV Ausf F2-G (KOTOpbfM B TO BpeMJI KA K «TIDKeJlbIM»), 3axBa- -
TaJOKe 6bIJI OTHeceH KOMaH)J,OBaHl1eM
qeHl-IbIMH B xo)),e 60eB Haqana 1943 r. 11.x 06crpeJI nOKaJaJI, 'fTO H )J,llil 6poHe60HHhlX CHapSI,llOB KaJU16pa 45 MM H 76 MM «llJKYPa» HeMeIUICOble OeCJlmb maHK06. 00H06peMeHHO 06Jl3amb HapKoMam 6oenpunaco6 U FAY ](A 6 Kpam'laUUlUU CpOK HOJlaOUmb npoU36oocm6o 57 MM cHapRoo6 OCKOflO'lHo-rjJY2acHo20 OeUCm6UJl. j(amb YK03aHue HapKoMamy 6oenpunaco6 U FAY](A CPO'lHO ompa6omamb: a) 6poHe6ouHbiU (CnflOUlHOU) CHapRO OM maHKo6ou 76 MM nYUlKU (/)-34, cnoco6HbiU np06U6amb 6opmo6Yf() 82 MM 6POHf() maHKa T- VI C OUCmaHl(UU He MeHee 600 Memp06; 6) nooKOJlu6epHbiu CHapRO OM maHK060u 76 MM nYUlKU (/)-34, cnoc06HbiU np06U6amb fl0606Yf() 100 MM 6POHf() maHKa T- VI C OUCmaHl(UU 500 Memp06. 06Jl3amb HapKoMmaHKonpoM (m. 30JlblJ,MaHa) U320m06umb 00 1-20 Uf()Hfl 19432. Ha 603e X00060U 'lacmu maHKa T- 70 mpu 06pG3l(a COMOXOOHblX ycmaH060K CY-57, 600pY:>ICeHHblX 57 MM nyUlKou. YKa3aHHbie 06pa3l(bl FETY KA ucnblmamb 6 oeCRmUOHe6HblU CpOK U pe3Yflbmambi OOflO:>ICUmb FOKO He n030Hee 10 Uf()Hfl 194320oa ... H320m06umb 00 1-20 Uf()Hfl c12. Ha OCH06e CY-152 06p03el( COMOXOOHOU ycmaH06Ku, 600pYJICeHHou 122 MM nYUlKou 06pG3l(a 19312., U 6 OOJlbHeUUleM 6bmYCKamb maKue COMOXOOHble ycmaH06KU Hapa6He C CY-152. j(amb 3aoaHue m06. Fpa6uHY CPO'lHO U320m06umb OM maHKa «HC» 06p03el(MOUl,HOU maHK060U nYUlKU KOJlu6pa 100MM, cnoc06HOU np06U6amb 6POHf() 120-130 MM C OUCmaHl(UU 2000 Memp06. 06Jl3amb HapKoMam 600pY:>ICeHUJl C06MecmHO C FAY ](A 6 Kpam'laUUlUU CpOK 3aKOH'lUmb ucnblmaHUJl OnbtmH020 06pa3l(a npomU60maHK06020 pyJICbJl Eflf()Ma C l(eflbf() npUHflmUJl peUleHUJl 0 66eoeHUU pyJICbfl Eflf()Ma Ha 600pY:>ICeHue KpaCHOU ApMuu.
243
KYPIt1TEJlbHblE TPY6KV1 MAPWAflA CTAflV1HA
3aXBa~eHHbIH TR)f(eJlbl~ ~cTpe6~TeJlb TaHKOB
PzSfl V (Ha
3aAHeM nJlaHe) . 3~Ma
1943 r.
06Jl3amb HapKOMmaHlCOnpOM (m. 3anblJ,MaHa) ycmaHo6umb 85 MM nyUlKy Ha maHKe «lfO> C maKmUKo-meXHu'teCKUMU oaHHblMU, U3J/OJICeHHbIMU 6 npUAOJICeHUU». IT03TOMY BnOJTHe JIOrH'fHhIM BbITJUI,UeJIH 3a,u.aHIDl, nOJIY'leH-
KE 3aBO.ua NQ 183, YpaJIMaUI3aBo.ua, 3aBo,n;a NQ 37, OKE NQ 38 M KE fA3, npMCTyIlMTb K cneIlIHOH pa3pa60TKe TaHKOB M
Hhle
CAY, Boop)')KeHHbIX opy,n;MeM, np06MBalOJ.J.:(HM 6poHeBoH JIHCT TOJIIUMHOH
80
MM M 60JIee C )J;MCTaHUMJ.1
500-1000
M H nOTOMY
cnoco6HbIM 60POTbC5I C HOBbfMM HeMeuKHMI1 TIDKeJIhIMI1 TaHKaMM 11 CAY Ha cpe.uHI1X ,n;I1CTaHUI15IX. Hal.faJIbHI1K TexynpaBJIeHIDI
HKB 3 .A.
CaT3JIh, oco60 no,n;-
«aeHmp. apmUAAepuucKoMY KE, a maKJlCe OKE M 9 U 3-oa 172 3a6epUlumb pa3pa6omKY 122-MM CaMOXOOHOU npomU6omaHKo6ou nYUlKU 60AbUlOU MOUl,HOCmU Ha OCH06e 130-MM 2UAb3bl MOPCK020 OpyOUfl, UAU 152-MM OanbHo6ouHOU nyUlKU .. . IfcnOAb306amb 6aAAuCmu'tecKoe peUleHue Hlflf-13/II,AKE oJ/Jl npo6umufl 6POHU mOAUI,UHOU 160-200 MM Ha oanbHocmu 600800 M...» 113 'Iero CTaHOBHTCH COBepllleHHO HCHOH Opl1eHTaUHH 'IepKMBaJI:
yKa3aHHOrO opy,n;J1H Ha 60Pb6y C CAY «ep.uHHaM» .
244
[naBa
VIII
KopeHHOH nepeJIOM
8.2. JIe6eMHaB neCHB aprraHKOB TaHKH-HcTpe6HTenH BecHoH 1943 r.,llJUI 06ecrreQemrn 60Pb6bl C HOBblMM HeMeuKMMH TaHKaMH 11 CAY apTI1JUTepl111cIm CKopee TaHKOBbIM, y.eM caMOXOn,H.bIM. npaBn,a, HOBoe 0pY,lUfe 6bIJIO 60nee npen,noy.TJ.1TeJIbHO , geM C-31; TaK KaK MMeJIO 60JIee npOCTYIO mOJIbKY, non,06HYIO JIJOJIbKe 76-MM rrylIlKM 3I1C-5, HO BMeCTe'CTeM HOBa5I nylUKa MMeJIa TaK)Ke ueJIbIH PM cepbe3HblX Hen,OCTaTKOB: KeHMe.
270
fmrna
VIII
KOpeHHOH nepeJIOM
OAHa
~3
CY-1S2 B 60RX ceBepHee KYPCKa. neTO 1943 r.
K CO)l(aJIemfIO, OT'IeT 3aBO)J,a
NQ 100
«0 TaHKocTpoeHI111» B
rO)J,bI BOHHbI He )J,aeT HI1KaK11X nO)J,p06HocTeil 0 npoBe)J,eHI1I1 paJpa60TK11 YKaJaHHoH MaIlI11HbI , JII1Illb KOHcTaTl1pyeT, ':ITO 3CK113HbIH npoeKT 6bm 3aI1l.11I11.eH paHbille cpOKa. TaK)l(e 113BeCTHO, 'ITO B KOHl~e I1IOlUI Ha'IaJIOCb 113rOTOBJIeHl1e npOTOT11TIa T5DKeJIOI1 CAY, no.rryqI1BIlleH HaI1MeHOBaH11e B nepenl1cKe l1 C-152. Bo BTOPOH nOJIOBI1He aBrycTa npoToTl1n 6bm rOTOB, HO ero I1cnbITaHIDI 6bm11 OTJIO)l(eHbI no KpaHHei1 Mepe Ha MeCHU. ITP11HHTO C':IllTaTb, 'Iro nepBbIH nOKaJ l1C-85, KB-85 11 l1 CY-152 COCTOHJICH Ha l1BaHoBcKoH TIJI0I1l.3,ll11 KpeMJUI 31 1110lUI 19431:, HO no PH.D.Y np113HaKOB (CpOK OKOH':laml5l npe)J,Bapl1TeJIbHbIX I1CnbITaHI1.H, )J,aTa npl1H51TIDI Ha Boop~eHl1e l1C-85, KB-85 11 l1 C-J52 ) aBTOp C'II1TaeT, 'ITO nOKaJ npOilleJI MeC5IueM n03)J,Hee, TO eCTb 31 aBrycTa. ITo MHoro'-f11CJIeHHbIM BocnOM11HaHlIHM B nOKaJe HOBbIX TaHKOB Y':laCTBOBaJIl1 B.A. MaJIbIIlleB, 51 .B. Cl>e)J,opeHKo,
K.E.
BOPOIll11JIOB,
JI.n.
EepIDI, B.M. MOJIOTOB 11
l1.B. CTaJI11H . HeKoropble )J,06aBJUlIOT B 'Il1CnO CBI1TbI TaK)l(e Ha-
.LI:. 51KoBJIeBa, HapKOMa Boop~eH11H .LI:.CI>. Yc-
'IaJIbH11Ka fAY H .
T11HOBa, a TaK)l(e I1HbIX npe)J,cTaBI1TeJIeH fAY 11 fETY.
271
KYP~TEJlbHbIE TPY6K~
MAPWAflA CTAfl~HA
n03AHHH MOA~Kenoi1 CAY C-51. 1944 r.
276
M.CBlllPIIIH
[mlBa
VIII
KopeHHOH nepeJlOM
HaBO.QtIKK) He MornH Y)l.ep)!(aTbCSI Ha CBOHX MecTax Ha J1aeTe. CTaJIO O'-IeBH)J.HO , '-ITO )J.JISI HOPMaJIbHOfO YHKUHOHHpOBaHHSI Heo6xo)J.HM OTIK;IJ:eHIDI B ,n:aHHbIX YCJIOBHHX 6bIJIH Heo6XO.n:HMbI MO6HJIbHble apTCHCTeMhI, cnoc06Hble BeCTH orOHb C 3aKPbITbIX no3l1IUiM., PaBHO KaK H KOMaH,n:H0-Ha6mo,n:aTeJIbHble MaJllliHbI K HHM.
M B llJIaHax rAY H HKB Ha l-e nonyro,n:He
1944 r. nOHBHJI-
CH nyHKT HCCJIe,n:OBaTeJIbCKHX pa60T B ,n:aHHOM HanpaBJIeHHH.
,l1.aJIee, HeCMOTpH Ha TO, 'fTO norpe6HOCTH B caMoxo,n:Hoi1 npOTHBOTaHKOBOH apTHJIJIepHH )J.JUI PKKA B nepBOM npH6JIH)l(eHHH 6bIJIH pa3peIIIeHbI, Bce )l(e ,n:OBOJIbHO OCTpO CTOHlI Bonpoc 06 YBeJIHqeHHH ,n:HCTaHUHH 3ICe, 'tmo Mbl nOMeHJ/AUCb C HeMlI,GMU . ECJ/U 6 1941-M Mbl CmG6UAU C60U
57-MM
npo-
mU60mGHK06ble nYUlKU HG GpmUAAepUUCKue mJl2G'tU, mo 6 1944-M HeMlI,bl nocma6UAU C60U
75-MM
nYUlKU Ha mpaKmop «Ocm». ECJ/U 6
1942-M HaUiU 60e6ble MGUlUHbl 6bl11U meCHbLMU, AUUlb 6bl 6p0H513allI,UllI,QAG om CGMOU MGCC060U
37-MM
nYUlKU, a ceoe 600pYJlCeHUe
nOM02QAO 60pombCJl C Hau60A bUiUM 'tUCJ/OM HeMell,KUX maHK06, mo menepb HeMlI,bl CaeAQAU C60U Ae2Kuu «2p06U10> -
285
CaMOXOaKY «OCCP>,
KYPV1TEJlbHbIE TPY6KV1 MAPWAJlA CTAJlV1HA
M.CBUPUH
'{mo Ha UlaCCU '{eUlCKOZO T-38. KaK HaUlU npOeKmbl 1942-zo. EpoHJI 3aw,uw,aem mOJlbKO om «copOKaflflmKW> U mo om CKOJlb3Jlw,ezo, nYUlKa - 75-MM, KaK y T-4, 'tymb CWlbHee HaUleu CeMUOeCJlmUUlecmu, xopOUlue CHapJlObl KOH'tWlUCb. Ho y Hac 6 Ha'tOJle 1943-zo KpU3UC MUH060J1, a UM oe6ambCR 6blJIO HeKyoa U npUlWlOCb nepeCMampU6amb C60U npUHI-(unbl 6 cmopOHY ynpow,eHUJI KOHcmpYKu,uu Uy6eJlU'teHUJI 6btnYCKa... TOJlbKO 60m oypaKa OHU C6Q.JlJlJlU co C60UMU «C/JepOUHaHOaMW> U «IIaHmepaMw> p03HbLMU ... Ka'JICooe maKoe 'ty00 OmHUMOJIO y HUX 3-4 MaUlUHbl 6pooe apmUlmypMa, WlU 5-6 6pooe «OCbl» », - paCCK03b160J1 JI.Jf. FOPJlUU,KUU. TalOKe MHOrJ1e BeTepaHhI, BCITOMI1HaH HeMeUJ(Me 60eBbIe MallHIHbl rrOCJIe)J,Hero ro,Ua BOIDu,I , HeH3MeHHO C )'Ba)J(eHHeM BcrroMHHaJIH OJlHY H
TY )!(e CaMOX0.lUfYJO YCTaHOBKY,
BeCbMa CXO~ C T O,UHO H TO)!(e -
TOBOH -
1l0
50 MM. B KYJIYapax
MallIHHY 1l3)l(e HMeHOBaJIl1 nopoH «c})eplll1HaHll-2» ,
HO JIHlllb HeMHOfHe «TpOcPeHllIHKl1» n01l':lepKHBaJIH , 'ITO yKa3aHHa5I
CAY
MOHTHpOBaJIaCb Ha lllaCCH TaHKa «naHTepa». Ho
no cyrn OTe'IeCTBeHHble TaHKOCTpOHTeJIH 6blJIH npaBbI. 3Ta
CAY,
HOC5IllIa51 Ha3.BaHHe «5If1lnaHTepa», 6blJIa npH3BaHa 3aMe-
HHTb C060H «c})epllHHaH,lJ.bI», )J,OKa3aBIIDle B xO)J,e 60eB
1943
f.
CBOIO 3c})c})eKTHBHocTb. MalllHHa nOJIY'IHJIaCb Ol.JeHb M omHoH , )J,OCTaTO'IHO XopolllO 3a6poHHpoBaHHoH OT OfH5I MaJIOKanJf6epHOH npOTl1BOTaHKOBOH apTHJlJlepHH, TITP, 1l11BH3HOHHblX 76 ,2-MM nymeK; 60JIee llellleBOH, l.JeM «c})eplll1HaHll»
H TaHKl1 «THrp-2»
H
«THrp», HO TeM He MeHee OHa Bce paBHO OCTaJIaCb O'IeHb 1l0 POfOH 11 He1l0CTaTO'IHO npOXOlll1MOH.
B
CBO)J,HOM OT'IeTe HMETnoJIl1fOHa 0 HOBbix nmax npo-
THBOTaHKOBb1X CaMOXOllHblX Opy)J,HH 3Ta Mallll1Ha 6bIJIa ou,eHeHa BCe-TaKl1 HIDKe , qeM «xeTu,ep». Ha rpeTbeM MecTe, no MHeHHIO HallIHX npe)J,cTaBl1:reJIeH TexcoBeTa HKTII, HaxOlll1JIHCb u,eJII1KOM 3a6pOHl1pOBaHHble
288
DmBa IX
3pa CaMOXO.lUlOH apTHJIJlepHH
TR)f(eJ1bl~ ~cTpe6~TeJ1b TaHKOB " RrAT~rp » B Ky6~HKe .
Cpe,IlHHe IIlTypMOBhle rrpOTJ-IBOTaHKoBble PzKpfw
III
H PzKpfw
IV,
CAY
Ha IIlaCCH
KOTopble, HeCMOTpSl Ha pa:3Hoe 6po-
HMpOBaH11e 11 BOOpY')KeHHe (75-MM llyuIKH C ,IlJI11H0 i1 CTBOJla
M 70
48
KaJJH6pOB), oueHHBaJJ11Ch O,IlHHaKOBO. DOJlee Toro , B OT-
IV/70 OTMeqaJJOCb CJle.uylOUl,ee: «BooPYJICeHue '1acmu H08bIX HeMeL(KUX ¢awucmcKux CAY 75-MM nywKou C iJflUHHblM cm80flOM (66-71 KJl6), He MOJICem C'1UmambCJl iJocmamO'1HO 060CH08aHHbIM. Bce U38ecmHbie npeUMYUI,eCm8a maK020 opyiJUJI npOJl8JlJl1OmCJl mOflbKo 8 Cfly'1ae 06cmpeJla maHK06 Ha 02paHU'1eHHOU iJQJlbHOCmU U npu YC.108UU 3Ha'1UmeflbH020 nopox080203apJliJa, cpa8HUM020 no Macce c 3apJliJoM 100-MM nywKU ... llpu 3mOM npeUMYUl,eCm8a 6 6poHenp06u8aeMocmu maKou nywKu npoJl8JlmCJl mOflbKO npu npUMeHeHuu fle2KUX noiJKQJlu6epHbIX CHapJliJ08 ... HCnOflb308amb iJJlJl cmpeflb6bl U3 iJaHHbIX opyiJuu YJICe U320 m08fleHHbie 6poHe60UHbie U OCKOfl0'1HO-¢Y2aCHble 60enpunaCbl HeJlb3Jl, maK KaK 8blCOKQJl Ha'1. CKopocmb iJuKmyem npUMeHeHue iJ80UH020 8eiJYUl,e20 nOJlCKa, a 8 Cfly'1ae ¢Y2aCHOU 2paHambi CfleiJyem 3a8eiJoMo CHU3umb ee 3¢¢eKmU8Hocmb nymeM Y8eJlU'1eHUJl mOflUl,UHbl cmeH Kopnyca U YMeHbweHUJI pa3pbt8H020 3apJliJa ... » HOIIleHHH Panzer
289
KYP~TEJ1bHblE TPY6K~
TRlKenaR
MAPWATlA CTATl~HA
peaKT~BHaR MOpT~ pa « wryp MT~ rp » .
M.CBUpUH
1945 r.
Hy H caMoe nOCJIe.uHee MeCTO B HHTepece HaUIHX TaHKO CTPOHTeJIeM Tpa.uHl.(HoHHO 3aHHMaJI TSDKeJIhIM HCTPe6HTeJIh TaHKOB «51r.L(THrp» . OT.uaBaJIOCh .uOJOKHoe ero MomHOMY 6poHl1pOBaHHIO (.uo 250- MM B JI060BOM qaCTH py6KH) H Qpe3BhIqaMHO CHJIhHOMY Boop)0KeHMIO, crrOC06HOMY npo6MTh 6pOHIO 200 MM Ha .uHCTaHUI1H .uo 800 M, HO no.uBIDKHOCTh H rrpoxo.uHMOCTh MallIl1HhI Ha MeCTHOCTI1, H TeM 60JIee Ha rrpen51TCTBM5IX, 6hIJIa npH3HaHa HHKY.ua He ro.uHoM. OT.ueJIhHOe BHMMaHHe apTYfipaBJIeHH51 6hIJIO 06pameHO Ha nOJIeBhle aPTHJIJIepHMCKHe CHCTeMhI Ha CaMOXO.L(HOM JIa¢>eTe, HO HM'Iero oco60 Bh.(.L(aIOmeroC5I cpe.L(H HMX HaM.ueHO He 6hIJIO, KpOMe peaKTHBHOM 380 - MM rrycKOBOM YCTaHOBKH Ha llIaCCH TIDKeJIOro TaHKa «THrp». IIpaB.ua, xapaKTepHCTMKH 3TOM
CAY
B rrJIaHe
.uOCHraeMOCTH no .uaJIhHOCTH, rrpoxo.uMMOCTH H rro.uBIDKHOCTH 6hIJIM BeChMa HeBhICOKH, HO caMa peaJIH3aUH5I rro.uo6HoM CHCTeMhI 6hIJIa npH3HaHa qpe3BhI'IaMHO HHTepecHoM. Ho XOqeTC5I eme pa3 nOBTOpHTh, 'ITO OCHOBHoe BHHMaHMe B ).f3yqeHHH TPo¢>eMHhIX
CAY B CCCP
B KOHUe BOMHhI HeH3MeH-
HO y.ueJI5lJIOCh HMeHHO rrpOTHBOTaHKOBhlM H 3eHMTHhIM
290
CAY.
fJIaBa
IX
3pa CaMOXO)UlOH apTHJIJIepHH
061l1eBO~CKOBaR CaMOXOAHaR YCTaHOBKa
9.4. JIenrne -
OCA-76
Ha ~cnbITaH~RX .
1944
r.
OCHOBa apTHJIJIepHH HaCTYIIJIeHIDI
3JIo6HaS nOJIOCaTaS MYXa 06IIJ,eBOHCKoBbIX apMHH JIeToM
1943
r. ApTYTIpaBJIemre KpacHoH APMlfH B YCJIOBH-
HX Ha'IaBlI1erOC5I CTPaTerWiecKoro HaC'fYTlJIeHH5I Ha COBeTCKOrepMaHCKOM poHTe, a TaIOKe 60JIblI1HX nOTepb B apTHJIJIepJilHCKOH «T5IrJIOBOH CHJIe» (a nOTepH aBTOM06Ji1JIeH rpY30no,n'heMHOCTblO
3/4 - 1,5 TOHHbl OT pa3JIWlHbIX npWlHH B xo,ne KCUK,l.l,OH 24-52%)
HaCTYTIaTeJIbHOH onepaUJiIH COCTaBJI5VIH B cpe,nHeM
pa3pa60TaJIO KOHuenUHlO nepeBo,na nOJIKOBOH H ,nHBJil3HOHHOH apTIUIJIepHH MOTOCTPeJIKOBbIX coe,nHHeHHH Ha caMo,nBIDKylIl,HeC5I JIaeTbl. 3TOT npoeKT B He,npax fAY nOJI)"IHJI YCJIOBHOe Ha3BaHHe «OCA» (o6ll.\eBOHCKoBa5I caMoxo,nHa51 apTHJIJIepH51). PO)I()J.eHHe npoeKTa 6bmo BbIHy)l()J.eHHOH MepoH OTe'IeCTBeHHbIX apTHJIJIepJilCTOB, KOTOPblX He3a,nOJIrO ,no 3TOro JIHlI1HJIH caMoxo,nHOH apTHJIJIepJilH, nepe,naB ee B Be,neHHe 6poHeTaHKoBbIX BOHCK. TaKHM o6pa30M, OCA-76, 0 KOTOPOH noi1:.neT pe'Ib HIDKe, OTHIO,nb He HBJUlJIaCb npe,nlI1eCTBeHHJilKOM JilJIH pa3BHTJiIeM ceMeHcrna CY -76, KaK TO C'IHTaJIOCb HeKOTOpbIMJiI HCCJIe-
291
KYPII1TEflbHblE TPY6KII1 MAPWAJlA CTAJlIl1HA
M .CBMpMH
OCA-76 npeOAOneBaeT KOCOrop. OceHb 1944 r. ,n:OBaTeJUIMW, HO rrpe,n:CTaBJUIeT a6COJIIOTHO CaMOCT05lTeJIhHhlH KJIaCC apnuIJIepwi;{cKJ{)( CWCTeM, pa3pa6oTKa KOTOPhIX HaYaJIaCb )')Ke B TO BpeM51 , KOr,n:a CY -76 BOBCIO BOeBaJIW Ha Kellble l-1CY-122C
B 60RX.
BecHa 1945 r.
22 aBryCTa 1944 r. YKa3aHHa5I CAY 6bma npHIDlTIl Ha BOOPY)l(emle no,n Im,neKCOM HCY-122-3 (.HCY-122C), 14 O)l(J1)l:aJIOCb, qTO MaIIIHHa 3aMeHMT B npoH3Bo,ncTBe .H CY-122, Boop~eHHYlO opy,nHeM A-19. Ho 3aBO,n N1 9, 3arp~eHHbIH 60JIhIIIHM 3aKa30M rro BbmyCKY 100-MM Opy,nHH )),-1O.lI)Ul CAY CY-IOO H 122-MM Opy,nHH)),-2ST.lI)Ul TaHKOB .HC-122, He CMor 3HaqJ1TeJIbHO HapaCTHTb BblnyCK I 22-MM rryrneK)),-2SC.lI)Ul OCHaIIlemrnHCY-122. Ilo3TOMY BbmYCK HCY-122 COXpaHHJIC51, a H3rOTOBJIeHHe. .HCY-122C lllJIO rrapaJIJIeJIbHO He60JIbIllHMH cepH5IMH. Y)I(e B caMOM KOHue BOHHbI, CJIOBHO B napy K HOBOMY TaHKY .HC-3 K£ 3aBo,na NQ 100 rro,n PYKOBO,nCTBOM )l(JI. KOTHHa pa3pa60TaJIO T5l)I(eJIYlO CAY «06beKT 704», Boop~eHHYJO 152-MM IllTYPMOBbIM opy,nHeM 6e3 .nyJIbHOrO TopM03a H C HaKJIOHHOH rrpoTHBOCHapH.nHOH 6poHeH. KOMnaHoBKa HOBOH CAY 6bma OqeHb ITJIOTHOH, a rrpH TOJIIIlHHe 6poHeBbIX JIHCTOB 60-90-120 MM, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX rro,n 60JIbIllHMH ymaMH, MaUIHHa rrO~HJ1aCb rrpaKTJ1qeCKH HeY5l3BHMOH. Ho MaIllHHa Kanp¥!3HJ1qaJIa, pa60TbI Ha,n «06beKTOM 704» 3aT5IHYJIHCb, ¥! ee HCrrbITaHYl51 ,no OKOHQaHH5I BOHHbI 3aBepUIeHbI He 6bm¥!. 328
DIaBa
IX
3pa CaMOXOroiOH ap.THJIJIepHH
9.8. II BaOBL CBepXTSDKeJlble HeCMOTIHI Ha TO, 'ITO C-51 6hlla peKOMeH.D.KaHHe O.D.HOro CTBOJla OC~eCTBJlHJlOCb 6bl rrpH BblcTpeJle H3 BToporo. MaKeT KaJIH6pa 76 , 2-MM pa60TaJI HOPMaJIbHO, HO 122-MM 60errpHrrac HMeJl pa3.D.eJlbHOe 3apH:>KaHHe H He rr03BOJlHJl OCyWeCTBHTb 3.D,yMaHHOe.
B
1945
r.
6blJl BblIIOJlHeH rrpoeKT CAY,
HO C pa3HeCeHHbIMH rro 60PTaM MallIHHbI CTBOJlaMH ro 3apH:>KaHHH) , a B 1946
r.
(MH pY'fHo-
rrOCTpoeHa ee .D.epeBHHHaH MO.D.eJlb.
330
fJlaBa IX
3pa CaMOXOAHOH apTHJIJIepHH 'ThKTHKO-TeXHJI1IecKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH npoTHBOTaRK08bIX
CAY 8roporo nepHO.ll.ll BOARY
60eBali Macca, Kr 3KHnaJK, '1e1l.
85-MM CY-85 29600 4
tl,.rrHHa o6w3lI WHpHHa BblCOTa Kn.HpeHc
8130 3000 2330 400
lOO-MM 122-MM CY-IOO CY-122n 31600 31550 4 4 eH1Melll;tlH!I MM 9445 9450 3000 3400 2245 3290 400 400
0pYIlHe, K3JI THn tl,.rrHHa CTS01la, KJI6 Ha'l. CKOPOCTb CH M/C Yro1l ropH3. HaselleHHSI Yro1l sePT. HaselleHHlI CHaplllloB, WT. nY1IeMeTOB, WT. x K3JI narpOHOB, WT.
85- MM, ):I.-5C 52 800 ±9· -5+25· 48
100-MM, ):I.-IOC 56 900 ±8· -2+17" 34
ITX LM.iun>a ~
122-MM HCY-122 46000
100-MM Yp3JlMaw-1 34150 4
9850 3070 2480 470
6850 3110 2400 450
122-MM A-19C 46,8 800 ±IO· -3+20· 30 IxI2,7-MM 250
100-MM ):I.-IOC 56 900 ±9· -3+20· 35 IxI2,7-MM 250
HQQIl:tl!>~!!!:l~
122-MM ):I.-25C 48 780 ±8· -2+17" 30
-
TO.!lWHUH 2112UH MM 75-45 75-45 120-90-60 20 20 30-20 75-45 75-45 90-60 CI!.!IQI!lI!I YITlItlQ~l\a T, HC 6a3a T. T-34 T. T-34 T. T-34 MOWHOCTb MaKC., 1I.C 500 500 500 520 npH 'taCT. spaw. 06/ MHH 1850 1850 1850 1900 nepella'l Knn 5/1 5/ 1 5/ 1 6/2 CKOPOCTb MaKC. KM/'1 51 50 50 35 ,0 18 CpeilHeTexHH'I KM/'1 18 18 18 THn TorumBa ):I.H3.TOIlJlHSO LlH3.TOIlJIHSO LlH3.TOIlJlI1S0 LlH3. TOIlJlHBO EMK. 6aKa, 11. 465 465 465 500 3anac XOlla, KM 300 300 300 220
BepTHK. Kopnyca rOpH3. Kopnyca PyfiKa
45 20 45
120-90-45 20 120-60-65 T. T-34 H T-44 520 5/1 50 20 LlH3.TOIlJlHSO 380 H.Il.
[]~MQil~~§~Mbl~ [I~IJ!lT1 MbI AaBaJlH KmlTBbl , 'ITO A 06epeMClI AO alllHCTCKOro JIoroBa. sePlliHJIOCb!
3To
H
BOT 3TO CO-
6blJl0 AeiicTBHTeJIbHO JIoro-.
BO. )l(}uJbeM 6}'HKep Ha3BaTb 6blJl0 HeJIb3l1».
M.E. KamYK08. «Ha ocmpue 2IIa8HOZO yaapa»
10.1. IIonpaBKH K WTaTaM I1oCJleLl.HHH fOLl. BOHHbI xapaKTepH30BaJICH 60JlbIllHM HaCbIIlleHHeM
CCCP
CAY KaK B apMHH
aIllHcTcKOH fepMaHHH,-TaK H B .
H COlO3HHKOB no aHTHrHTJlepOBCKoH KOaJIHU:HH, npH-
l.JeM eCJlH fepMaHH5I Ll.eJlaJIa CTaBKY maBHblM 06pa30M Ha HCTP.e6HTeJlbHO-npoTHBoTaHKoBble
CAY,
TO B
CCCP
OCHOBHbIM
THnOM BbmYCKaeMhIX MaIllHH CaM()XOLl.HOH apTHJlJlepHH nonpe)J(HeMY OCTaBaJIHCb JlefKHe
CAY
nOMep)J(KH, npeBpaTHB-
IllHeCH B YHHBepCaJIbHbIe 60eBble MaIllHHbI. HecMoTpH Ha OnbIT BOHHbI , HCnOJlb30BaHHe
CAY,
rJlaBHbIM 06pa30M -
Jlef-
KHX H CpeLl.HHX B Kal.JeCTBe TaHKOB nOMep)J(KH neXOTbI npOLl.OJl)J(aJIOCb, HO }')Ke He
6bmo
TaKHM Bce06beMJIIOIllHM.
HOBbIe KOMaH.ll,HpbI 60eBbIX MaIllHH H 6aTapeH , B OTJlHl.JHe OT BbmYIlleHHblX roLl.OM paHee, HMeJlH npeKpaCHYIO nOLl.fOTOBKY, H CJIY'IaJIOCb, 'ITO BeJlH OroHb H3
CAY He TOJlbKO npHMOH
CY -76, CY -85
H TIDKeJlbIX
HaBOLl.KOH, HO H C 3aKpbITbIX n03HUHH
(B · TOM l.JHCJIe no HeHa6JTIO.ll.aeMOH ueJIH). 3TO 3Hal.JHTeJIbHO YlTY'IIllHJTO apTHJTJIepHHCKHe B03MO)J(HOCTH TaHKOBblX H MOTOCTpeJlKOBblX COe.ll.HHeHHH B HaCTYnJIeHHH .
332
fJIaBa
X
TR)I(enaR CAY
B JIOfOBO 3BepJl!
« WTYpMT~rp », 3aXBa~eHHaR
B npeAMecTbRx
6epn~Ha .
Mail, 1945 r.
O,UHaKO B xo,Ue 60eBhIX ,UeHCTBHH 06Hap)0KHBaJIHCh He,UoqeThI MaTepHaJIhHOH qaCTH H opraHH3aUHH caMOXO,UHo-apTHJIJIepHHCKHX 'IaCTeH H coe,UHHeHHH, H nOTOMY opraHH3aUHOHHO-IlITaTH!l5I CTpYKTYPa HX H3MeWlJIaCh. B 'IaCTHOCTH , K oceHH
1944 r.
H3-3a 60JIhlllOrO KOJIH'IeCTBa ]')Ke C¢OPMHPO-
BaHHhIX caMoxo,UHo-apTHJIJIepHHCKHx nOJIKOB np05IBHJIHCh 60JIhlliHe TPY,UHOCTH no npOBe,UeHHIO onepaUHH Ha pellIaIOlUHX HarrpaBJIeHH5IX H ocymeCTBJIeHHIO MaTepHaJIhHO-TeXHH'IeCKOrO 06eCrre'IeHH5I Bcex 3a.ueHcTBoBaHHhIx nOJIKOB. I1o3TOMY B HIOJIe
1944 r.
6hlJIO npHH5ITO pellIeHHe 0 C03,UaHHH co-
e,UHHeHHH CAY B ¢opMe 6pHra.u, KOTophIe 06be,UHH5lJIHCh ,UO Tpex CAY no,U e,UHHbIM KOMaH,UOBaHHeM.
2 aBryCTa 1944 r.
npHKa30M HKO CCCP
NQ 0032 B COCTaB
n5ITHa.uuaTH C¢OpMHpoBaHHhIX' OT,UeJIhHbIX HCTpe6H! en bHOnpOTHBOTaHKOBhIX apTHJIJIepHHCKHX 6pHra.u (CA6p) PBfK BKJIIO'IaJIOCb no O,UHOMY caMoxo,UHo-apTHJIJIepHHcKoMY nOJIKY CY-85 . Ho H3-3a OTCYTCTBH5I Heo6xo,UHMoro KOJIH'IeCTBa TexHHKH H no,UrOTOBJIeHHbIX Ka.uPOB ,UO KOHua BOHHbI ycneJIH C¢OpMHpoBaTb TOJIbKO 8 TaKHX 6pHra.u.
333
KYP~TEJlbHbIE TPY6K~
MAPWAJlA CTAJl~HA
M.CBMPMH
CaMOXOAHo-apTHnnepHHCKHH nOnK CY-1 00 Ha cPPOHTe. BecHa, 1945 r.
B HOH6pe 1944 r. nOJIKH CY-85 HalJaJIH nepeBoop)')KaTh MaIlIHHaMH CY-I00 no IlITaTY NQ 010/462 1944 r. (318lJeJIoBeK, 21 CY-I00) , aHaJIOrHlJHOMY IlITaTY NQOI0/462 nOJIKa CY-85. B .lJ.eKa6pe 1944 r. HalJaJIOCh KJ\eHHbli1 BHA CAY "YpanMaw-1 », 1945 r.
359
KYPltlTEJlbHblE TPY6Kltl MAP WAllA CTAllltlHA
CAY "YpanMaw-1 » c Boopy)t(eH~eM
~3
122-MM
nYWK~
M.CBMPMH
,Q-25- C (CY-102) . 1945 r.
ITpe,n:CTaBJ.neJlb 3aKa3ql1Ka nbITaJIC5I HaCTaHBaTb Ha cBoeM, HO B pe3YJlbTaTe HeKOTopbIX YCryrrOK KOHCTPYKTOPbI n06e,LU1JIlf. 3TaJIOHHbIH CaMoxo,n: «YPaJIMaIlI- l» 6bm lf3roTOBJIeH B Mae 1945 r. ITo 3a,n:aHillO lfX ,n:OJDKHO 6bmo 6bITb
3 IllTYKlf,
,n:Ba C BO-
op~eHlfeM H3 100-MM nYIllKH ,[I, -lOC H O.ll:lfH co 122-MM
IlYIll-
KOH, HO aBTog He ysepeH , POHTOBaR ~J1J110CTpa~~R ' , No 412003 r.) 12. n. COllOMOHOB . ApTHnllepHHcKoe BOOPYJKeHHe HeMe~KH X TaHKOB ~ caMOXOAOB» (M. «BecTHHK TaHKoBoH npoMblwlleHHocTH» No 4/1944 r.) 13. prB~A. I1HaJI npeJlBOeHHblx a pTHJlJlepHHCKI1X TaHKOB . • .•• • ••••.•••. .
112 115 120 122 124 129
V. B ,lJ;HH HCnbITAHH:A
5.t. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5.
Ha'laJIo ........ . . . .. . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..•.. . • .• . .. B CTaHe Bpara ...........••• ... .. . . ............ ... .. . . ... ... 3p3al.\b1 rp03HOH nopbl
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . • .. ......... ..
ApnUIJlepl1HCKHe TaHKH BCTynalOT B 60H
..... .....•. •.•.• •• . . .
BTOPaJI MOJl OJlOCTb cTapblx TaHKOB ...... . ...... . .. . •• . . .. ••...
381
136 142 146 155 160
KYP~TEJlbHblE TPY6K~
MAPWAJlA CTAJl~HA
M.C8UpUH
VI. HA3A,ll K KJIACCHKE 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6.
n epBbIe JIacrO'lKH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PO)l()\eHHe ~Cy'lKH •......... . ............... .. ...... .. .. •. . . 3eHHTHbIe ... . .... . ... . ... ... .... . .. . . .. .. . .. ...... . .. .. . . .. COBeTcKHe ~ XeTl.\epbI •..... . ........... • ...... ... .....•••... llhYPMoB
119526, MOCKBB, np-T BepHBACKOrO, 89, 315. (495) 434-46-25
[email protected] 