Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɘɠɧɨ-ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
55(07) Ʉ885
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Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɘɠɧɨ-ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
55(07) Ʉ885
ɇ.ɋ. Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜ, ȼ.ɋ. Ⱦɭɤɦɚɫɨɜɚ, Ȼ.ɇ. ɉɢɧɢɝɢɧ
ɇȺɑȿɊɌȺɌȿɅɖɇȺə ȽȿɈɆȿɌɊɂə ɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊɇɕɃ ɄɍɊɋ ɅȿɄɐɂɃ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ 2003
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɘɠɧɨ-ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ 55(07) Ʉ885
ɇ.ɋ. Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜ, ȼ.ɋ. Ⱦɭɤɦɚɫɨɜɚ, Ȼ.ɇ. ɉɢɧɢɝɢɧ
ɇȺɑȿɊɌȺɌȿɅɖɇȺə ȽȿɈɆȿɌɊɂə ɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊɇɕɃ ɄɍɊɋ ɅȿɄɐɂɃ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɘɍɪȽɍ 2003
ɍȾɄ 55(075.8) + 68.327.(075.8) Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜ ɇ.ɋ., Ⱦɭɤɦɚɫɨɜɚ ȼ.ɋ., ɉɢɧɢɝɢɧ Ȼ.ɇ. ɇɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ. – ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ: ɂɡɞ. ɘɍɪȽɍ, 2003. – 36 c. ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ 7 ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ “ɇɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ”, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɟ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɠɚɬ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɨɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɭɡɚɯ: – ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɢɞɟɨɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ; – ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɞɨɫɤɨɣ, ɦɟɥɨɦ, ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ ɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɟɦ; – ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ “ɥɟɤɰɢɹ – ɞɢɚɥɨɝ”; – ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ. ȿɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ AutoCAD ɢ Adobe Acrobat. Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ. ɂɥ. 23, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬ. – 6 ɧɚɡɜ. Ɉɞɨɛɪɟɧɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ. Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ: Ɍɨɪɛɟɟɜ ɂ.Ƚ. – ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɑȽȺɍ, Ɍɨɪɛɟɟɜ Ƚ.ɂ. – ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɑȽȺɍ.
ISBN 5-696-02580-3
© ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɘɍɪȽɍ, 2003.
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɜ ɜɭɡɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ: ɬɟ ɠɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ, ɬɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɯ, ɜɫɟ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɜɟɬɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ: ) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; 2) ɭɤɪɭɩɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ; 3) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɦɢ, ɷɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Internet), ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ [, 2]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ AutoCad [3, 4] ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ [5, 6]. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ: ɰɜɟɬ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ [7]. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ − ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ [4], ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɘɍɪȽɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɉ. ɋɟɧɢɝɨɜɚ [, 6] ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ [8–0, 2–5].
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