Методические указания по развитию навыков устной и письменной речидля студентов бакалавриата 1-2 курса естественных факультетов РГУ. Часть 1

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Ростовский государственный университет» __________________________________________________ Кафедра английского языка естественных факультетов

Методические указания по развитию навыков устной и письменной речи для студентов бакалавриата 1-2 курса естественных факультетов РГУ часть 1

Ростов-на-Дону 2004

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Составители: ст. преп. Мыльникова С.Б., преп. Доморовская О.Г. Рецензент: преп. Бзезян Р.В. Редактор: заведующая кафедрой английского языка естественных факультетов, доц. Сафроненко О.И.

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Методическая записка Настоящие методические указания предназначены для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов естественных факультетов I и II курсов. Данные методические указания содержат систему практических заданий и упражнений, имеющих коммуникативную направленность и предназначенных для развития навыков различных видов чтения, устной и письменной речи по темам: 1. Education. 2. Work and Employment. 3. Travel. 4. Leisure and Entertainment. 5. Towns and Cities. Учебно-методические рекомендации дают студентам возможность расширить свой словарный запас по предложенным темам, развить умения и навыки самостоятельной работы. Они содержат материалы, изучение которых способствует развитию навыков в различных видах речевой деятельности. Данные учебно-методические рекомендации могут быть использованы различным образом, исходя из целей и задач, как учебной группы, так и отдельного студента. Преподаватели и студенты могут соблюдать последовательность, в которой представлены тематические разделы пособия или выбирать и изучать те из них, которые представляют наибольший интерес. Материал каждого раздела пособия распределен с учетом следующего принципа: “Engage, Study, Activate.” 1.”Engage activities” включают: а) Текст. Целью является возбудить интерес у студентов к изучаемой теме, ввести новые слова и выражения по теме, грамматические структуры. Предложенная система упражнений и заданий к тексту, которая направлена на развитие интегрированных речевых навыков студентов. в) Дискуссии. Работа в парах. Студенты могут обсудить различные идеи, обменяться информацией, личными мнениями. Эти упражнения дают возможность, изучая тему, активировать личный опыт студента, что является хорошей базой для дальнейшей эффективной работы по изучаемой теме. c) Работа над лексикой. Направлена на расширение словарного запаса. Задания этого раздела предназначены для работы в парах или группе. 2. “Study activities” В пособии представлены различные задания, которые предназначены для более детального усвоения лексики по изучаемой теме. a) сomplete the charts; b) fill-in exercises; c) matching exercises;

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d) discussing words; e) searching for word meaning; f) choosing between different words. 3. “Activate activities”. Целью заданий этой группы является активизация процесса их использования и закрепление в речи. a) “headlines” – студентов просят объяснить как они понимают значение заголовка текста, предложить свой заголовок, придумать небольшой рассказ по данному заголовку; b) “writing tasks” – студентам предлагается написать письмо по заданной теме, следуя предложенному плану-схеме; c) “telling stories” – студенты должны использовать предложенный вокабуляр по теме, высказываться в устной форме по заданной тематике: d) “commenting” – студенты высказывают свое мнение о ситуации, описывают то, что видят на картинке и т.д.; e) “role-play” – студенты разыгрывают предложенную ситуацию, используя новые слова и выражения. Пособие может быть рекомендовано для использования студентами не только естественнонаучных, но и других специальностей, изучающих английский язык.

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Contents 1.Education…………………………………………………………………6 2. Work and Employment………………………………………………….11 3. Travel……………………………………………………………………18 1. Leisure and Entertainment……………………………………………...23 2. Towns and Cities……………………………………………………......30

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1. EDUCATION 1. Answer the following questions. 1) When did you finish school? 2) Did you like studying at school? Why? 3) What was your favourite subject or activity at school? 4) Why have you chosen this University to study at? 5) Do you like studying here? 2. Read the text and complete the following tasks. b) Put the words in the blanks. Use them once unless otherwise indicated. as

at

by

in (2)

off through

on

out of

outside

b) As for the rest, I gradually switched A)_____. Arithmetic, algebra and geometry I did so well B)_____that my total mark in three exams one year was three per cent. Maths could be made tolerable only C)_____boring holes in the master’s chalk with the point of a compass, then packing the hole with the heads of matches and filling the end with chalkdust so that the chalk would explode like a firework as he wrote his obscure theorems D)_____the blackboard. German was memorable only for the odd little master who cycled to work and parked his bike E)_____the classroom window. During the time it took him to walk along the outside of the building to the entrance and then back along the corridor to the classroom the trick was to haul his bike F)_____the window, take it to pieces and then lay the bits on his desk. We did it once too often and he stormed G)_____the classroom to fetch the Dean, but by the time the two masters returned it had been reassembled and put back through the window H)_____its original parking place. History I could have enjoyed but they never told you any of the interesting stuff: that Napoleon was I)_____ agony the night before Waterloo and got no sleep because he had to lie on his stomach; or that Wellington had a reputation J)_____a womanizer. Instead it was all: Battle of Austerlitz 1805, Battle of Waterloo 1815, Congress of Aix-laChapelle 1818. I picked up my schoolbag at night but it would never be opened until it returned to the classroom he next day. 3. Find three things about the writer’s schooldays that were different from your own experience. 4. Decide which of the words in the box can go in which section of the chart. You can put words in more than one column.

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kindergarten high school college playground nursery school comprehensive public school preparatory school sixth form reception class evening classes polytechnic technical college university master mistress teacher lecturer professor tutor head teacher headmaster headmistress deputy head student pupil graduate postgraduate doctorate playground classroom lecture theatre Pre-school Education (0-5) Primary Education (5-11) Secondary Education (11-16+) Further Education Higher Education Adult Education 5. In Britain there are first degrees, postgraduate degrees and medical degrees. What do you think the following letters mean? a. BSc d. MD g. MPhil b. BEd e. BA h. PhD c. MSc f. MA 6. a) Read the conversation and put the children’s names into the correct columns. HEADTEACHER: How’s you class getting on, Miss Keane? MISS KEANE: Well, how can I put it? Samantha’s a very slow learner, Tom’s permanently disruptive, Jemma’s illiterate, Sarah never pays attention, Jeffrey has numeracy problems, Sasha goes to the special needs teacher because she’s too brainy, Dulal’s mind keeps wandering, Stella is conscientious but seems to have learning difficulties. Bill’s so absent-minded he forgets his own name. Mary’s dyslexic, and the Mishram’s sisters (Penny and Jasmin) seem to have no concept of discipline at all. Otherwise the class is fine!

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Behaviour problems

Learning problems

h) Say in your own words what Miss Keane thinks the problem is with each pupil. 7. a) Decide where the following words describing clever and not clever people should go on the grid bellow. clever bright intelligent brainy a genius gifted thick silly idiotic stupid daft absent-minded

brilliant dim

very clever x brainy formal English

informal English

very unintelligent 8. Tell your partner, how your teachers describe you if they want to be: - negative - positive 9. Which verbs go with which nouns? Tick the boxes. test cram for get get into get a place at expel from exclude from send down from take pass fail

exam

degree

distinction

school university

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resit 10. Use expressions from exercise 9 and complete these exchanges. a) How well did you do in the test? Oh, I’m afraid I _____ it. I’m going to have to do it again. b) You look happy! Yes, I’ve just _____ Cambridge University. c) Why were you _____ university? Because I cheated in the final exams. d) Have you got your exam results yet? Yes, and I did better than I thought. I _____ 11. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct space in the passage bellow. state terms seminar degree co-educational private primary tutorial graduate nursery school grant secondary lecture break up compulsory fees academic When children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a (a) _____, where they learn simple games and songs. Their first real school is called a (b) _____ school. In Britain children start this school at the age of five. The (c) _____ year in Britain begins in September and is divided into three (d) _____. Schools (e) _____ for the summer holiday in July. (f) _____ education begins at the age of about eleven, and most schools at this level are (g) _____, which means boys and girls study together in the same classes. In Britain education is (h) _____ from five to 16 years of age, but many children choose to remain at school for another two years after 16 to take higher exams. Most children go to (i) _____ schools, which are maintained by the government or local education authorities, but some children go to (j) _____ schools, which can be very expensive. University courses normally last three years and then students (k) _____, which means they receive their (l) _____. At university, teaching is by (m) _____ (an individual lesson between a teacher and one of two students), (o) _____ (when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and of course private study. Most people who receive a university place are given a (p) _____ by the government to help pay their (q) _____ and living expenses.

12. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. up

to

of

at

by

from

in

into

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(a) Which school do you go _____? (b) He left school _____ the age _____ 18. (c) The summer term ends _____ July. (d) She’s not at home, she’s _____ school, (e) She goes _____ Sussex University. (f) His lecture was divided _____ four parts. (g) School breaks _____ next Friday. (h) He is now _____ university. (i) She is _____ the same class as her brother. (j) Students usually receive a grant _____ the state. (k) They are given a grant _____ the state. 13. Discuss the following: - What is the best memory you have from your schooldays? - What is the worst? - What subjects were you best at? - What subjects were you worst at? 14. Write a letter to your friend about: - your education; - your mother’s or father’s education; - a rock and/or movie star’s education; - a famous historical figure’s from your country education. Say what kind of educational establishment(s) you/they went to and how you/they got on there. Focus words absent-minded adult education brainy bright brilliant bully(v) class classroom clever coeducational college comprehensive school

education evening class exam fail first degree further education genius get into (university) get a place at gifted graduate headmaster

difficulties lecture lecturer lecture theatre master mistress moronic numeracy nursery school pass pay attention play truant playground

pupil reception class resit school secondary school silly single-sex school sixth form slow learner special needs state school

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daft degree distinction dim discipline disruptive doctorate dyslexic

headmistress head teacher higher education high school idiotic illiterate intelligent kindergarten learning

be sent down from university cram for an exam

playgroup polytechnic postgraduate

student stupid teacher

preparatory teacher’s pet school technical primary college school test private school thick professor tutor public school university (his) mind keeps wandering

2. WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 2. Have you ever tried to apply for a job? 3. What do you think are the most important factors for you in choosing or keeping a job? Put the following factors in order of importance. - good salary or wages - interesting and varied work, not boring and monotonous - work which is useful to society - good working conditions - flexible hours - opportunities to meet people - friendly and considerate management and colleagues - opportunities to travel - long holidays - another factor – what? 4. In your opinion, which jobs or professions fit your criteria? very boring very badly-paid

very interesting very well-paid

5. a) What would you call someone who: - receives and pays out money in a bank? - is in charge of a whole company? - collects rubbish from houses? - checks people’s eyesight? - teaches at a college or university? - repairs pipes, tabs, etc in homes and buildings? - performs tricks for audiences?

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- does physical work involved in building, repairing roads, etc.? - cleans the street? - flies a plane? - shows films at a cinema? - checks tickets on a train? - travels round selling things? c) Which of these jobs would you most like to do? Which would you least like to do? 6. All of the above are occupations. But which of them can be called professions and which can be called jobs? What is the difference between a job and a profession? Put the words from exercise 3 into the appropriate box bellow. Jobs

7. -

Professions

What is the difference between the following pairs of words? a career and a profession a vocation and a qualification a certificate and a qualification skills and experience

8. Which of these words can be followed by the noun “job ? Which words from exercise 5 can follow each of them? get

find

have

follow

lose

Word Formation a) Complete the table with the appropriate verbs. Noun application dismissal increase interview offer promotion resignation rejection reprimand rise retirement

Verb apply for

look for

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shortlist a) Now use the verbs to fill the blanks in this passage. Colin was eighteen. He had left school at sixteen and done two years’ training in catering. There were quite a few jobs being advertised in the newspaper, and he decided to (a) _____ three of them. One of these applications was (b) _____, but the two other companies write back to say that he had been (c) _____, along with two other candidates. He was (d) _____ by the owner and manager of one of the companies. They asked him some tricky questions and he didn’t think he did too well, but he felt that the interview for the other job went well. He was very surprised, then, that he was (e) _____ both jobs. He accepted the one with the higher salary, of course! Colin got on fine at first. After only three months, his salary was (f) _____ by ten per cent, and after six months he was (g) _____ to Head Chef. But then things started to go wrong. He didn’t get on with the new manager and sometimes didn’t accept the menus that she suggested. After a while, she called him into her office and (h) _____ him for disobeying her orders. She warned him that if his attitude continued he would be (i) _____. In the end Colin felt so unhappy at work that he decided to leave his job. He (j) _____ on 30 June and left at the end of July, just in time to take a summer holiday. 9. -

Answer the questions. Is it difficult to find a good job? Do you have any experience in finding a job? You want to find a job what will you do?

A. Applying for a job. Read the text and put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. references short-list experience vacancy qualifications fill in interview applicants apply application forms In times of high unemployment there are usually very many (a) _____ when a (b) _____ is advertised. Sometimes large numbers of people (c) _____, and send off (d) _____ for a single job. It is not unusual, in fact, for hundreds of people to (e) _____ to a firm for one post. This number id reduced to a (f) _____ of perhaps six or eight, from whom a final choice is made when they all attend an (g) _____. Very possibly the people interviewing will be interested in the (h) _____ the candidates gained at school or university and what (i) _____ they have had in previous jobs. They will probably ask for (j) _____ written by the candidates’ teachers and employers.

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B. Choosing the right job. Read the text and put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. commute salary prospects promotion retire pension ambitious perks increments commission Job satisfaction is important but I have a wife and a baby so I have to think about money too. If a job interests me, I need to know what (a) _____ it offers and also whether there are regular annual increases, called (b) _____. I want to know if I will receive a (c) _____ when I (d) _____ at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, I ask if I’ll receive a percentage of the value of what I sell, called (e) _____. It is also important to know if there are extra advantages, like free meals or transport, or the free use of a car. These are called (f) _____ or fringe benefits. Are the future (g) _____ good? For example, is there a good chance of (h) _____ to a better job, with more money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? If it isn’t, I’ll have to (i) _____ every day and this can be expensive. I am very keen to be successful. I am very (j) _____. I don’t want to stay in the same job all my life. Put one of the prepositions in the gaps below. at in for to as off of a) I’m interested _____ this job. b) What did you study _____ university? c) He has applied _____ Lufthansa _____ a job _____ an office manager. d) This job advertisement looks interesting. I’ll send _____ send an application form. e) Have you filled _____ the form yet? f) You must send _____ the form by 20 May. g) He’s been _____ that job for two years. h) She retired _____ the age of 60. i) A commission means you get a percentage _____ what you sell. j) The use _____ a company car is a nice perk to have. k) The sixty applicants were reduced _____ a short-list of four. 10. Look at the charts below and at the next page. Put the nouns from exercise 7 and from the box below in the appropriate places in the stories about Angela, Ben and Sheila. part-time job temporary job contract pension job description job centre redundancy Curriculum Vitae(CV) unemployment benefit(dole)

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ANGELA A1 Angela prepared a summary of her qualifications and experience.

A4 With the letter there was a list of things that the job involved.

A2 She saw an ad in the newspaper and wrote a letter to the Personnel Department.

A5 Angela attended a formal meeting at which some managers asked questions about her experience, qualifications, etc.

A3 She received a letter saying that she and few others had been selected to meet managers on a certain day.

A6 She received a letter telling her that she had got the job.

A7 There was also a formal document, telling her about working hours, holidays, salary, etc. She had to sign this. BEN B1 Ben applied for a job. He got a letter back saying that he hadn’t got the job.

B4 After this job, he got another, but it only involved working for part of the day.

B2 After trying several times, he went to an office where they help people to find jobs.

B5 Ben got to the age of 65, the age when employees stop working.

B3 They looked all his details. Later they phoned him and offered him a job just for a few weeks. B6 Now he gets money monthly during his old age from the government and from his employers.

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SHEILA C1 Sheila got on very well in her first job, and after a while she got a higher salary.

C2 She did so well that after a year, she was given a new job with more responsibility.

C3 After a while, the quality of her work was not good enough, and she was often late. She had to see the boss, who told her she was not satisfied.

C4 Sheila’s work continued to be unsatisfactory. After another warning she was told that she had to leave.

C5 Sheila got another job but she didn’t like the work and decided that she wanted to leave.

C6 Sheila got a third job, but after a few weeks the company went bankrupt and her job came to an end.

C7 After several weeks without a job, she registered at a government office. They paid her a small amount of money every week.

11. Tell about Angela’s, Ben’s and Sheila’s experience about finding a job using the scheme above. 12. Look at these notes for a letter of application. Which of the jobs is it for? Did you go to college?

Where?

I have some experience of secretarial and office work. I speak Spanish and Portuguese. I have worked as a shop assistant. I have traveled a lot. I have a good sense of geography. What else do you think an employer might want to know? Think of some more questions like the ones above.

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13. Now look at the letter. Did the writer answer your questions? Write your letter of application. Flat 3 34 Marlborough Road Birmingham Global Travel Ltd 110 Edward Street Birmingham Dear Sir/Madam, I have seen your advertisement in the Evening News. And I would like to apply to work in your travel agency this summer. I have some experience of secretarial and office work. After leaving school, I worked for a firm of accountants, where I was given secretarial training and learned how to type and use a computer. I have also worked as an assistant in a department store, so I am used to dealing with customers and helping with problems. I have visited Spain and Portugal several times, and know many of the main tourist areas in both countries. I speak English fluently, and I have a basic knowledge of Portuguese. I have always been interested in travel and I have a good sense of geography. I am an outgoing and confident person, and I think I would enjoy working for you. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Diana Jarvis 14. Write a letter to your friend about: - the job you would like to have in future; - difficulties you have managing to combine your work and study - the job that suits your qualifications and experience - your experience of finding a job and recommend him how to apply for a job. Focus words apply application bank clerk bank teller butcher career

lay off lecturer managing director offer (v) offer (n) optician

reprimand (v) resign resignation retire retirement rise (n)

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certificate checkout clerk conjurer contract (n) curriculum vitae (cv) dismiss dismissal dismissive dispute (n) dustman experience (n) factory worker increase (n) increase (v) interview (n) interview (v) job centre job description labourer

part-time job pension pensioner picket (n) pilot (n) plumber profession professional projectionist promote promotion qualification raise receptionist redundant redundancy reject rejection reprimand (n)

roadsweeper sack sacking shop steward shortlist (n) shortlist (v) skill surgeon surveyor temporary job ticket collector traffic warden travelling salesman unemployment benefit vocation work (n) work (v)

Focus phrases be/go on strike be/go on the dole have your work cut out it’s a good job … make a good job of make someone redundant work out 3. TRAVEL 1. Answer the following questions. 1) Do you like travelling? Why? 2) What places of interest have you ever been to? 3) What is your favourite/least favourite way of travelling? 4) What forms of transport do you know? 5) What are your plans for comming holidays? 2. The following three extracts about three different journeys have lost their conclusions. Can you match the conclusions with their extracts? a) He sat on one side of the aisle, holding the baby as the xxxxx bucketed around the sky. Outside it was hideously black. He realized that it was the worst turbulence he had even been in.

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Across the aisle his wife sat rigidly, her whole body distended with fear. The American sitting next to her was watching her with a look of dazed preoccupation. He had a long pony tail and shoulder bag and was either drugged or transfixed with fear. He leaned over to her and said «Relax lady, it’s your destiny». She looked at him without understanding. At that moment a bolt of lightning hit the tail and there was a huge crash. Everybody screamed. His baby started crying. Through the window he saw the wings wobbling horribly. Suddenly the American screamed «Holy Moses, we’re upside down!» b) When the xxxxx arrived to pick them up they were relieved. The airline strike had meant that they could not get home by the usual route. They climbed aboard wearily stuffing bags into the luggage rack and collapsing into the highbacked seats. The first part of the journey was dramatic as they wound their way through the mountain passes and fought the hairpin bends. Gradually the light faded until their way was illuminated only by the beam of the four headlights on the front of the xxxxx. They travelled on through the night, the driver’s face illuminated only by the dim dashboard lights. But even in that dim glow you could see him yawning. They arrived home at ten o’clock the next morning. The door opened with a hiss of compressed air and they staggered onto the pavement bleary and uncomfortable. c) It seemed a calm day. The gulls wheeled above them in a clear blue sky and there was only a gentle swell. He walked along the deck from the bow to the stern, smelling a mixture of engine oil and sea spray and feeling the salty wind in his hair. Everyone had told him that the Bay of Biscay was always rough but this seemed quite bearable. He went into the xxxx’s small cinema, thinking that he might as well pass the time there as anywhere else. It was dark and warm and he sank into one of the comfortable armchairs. As he watched the film enclosed in the hot darkness, he was conscious of the rise and fall of the xxxxx. He noticed how disagreeable the cinema smelled to him and how the fragrances of the perfumes… i She looked back at the driver. «I bet you’re going to have a rest.» «Too right. I’ve been driving for three days without sleeping.» No wonder he had been yawning. She suddenly felt sick. ii He got out just in time, rushing over to the side where he hung, being violently sick. It was going to be a long time before he travelled that way again.

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iii Later, in the baggage hall, the American came over to him. «Has your old lady come down yet?» «I don’t know», he said, «have you?» Which form of transport is involved in each case? Have you ever been frightened or ill on one of these forms of transport? 3. Complete the chart with words from these three boxes. Note that some words occur in more than one column. Features front, back, nose, funnel, bridge, cockpit, cab, cabin, propeller, rudder, fuselage, hull, body, undercarriage, engine, locomotive, carriage, coach Personnel pilot, helmsman, crew, cabin crew, copilot, navigator, captain, steward, stewardess, flight attendant, guard, ticket collector, conductor, engineer, check-in clerk, driver Verbs take off, land, cast off, moor, move away from, leave, arrive, steer, pilot, fly, drive, skid, swerve, capsize bus

plane

ship

train

tube/subway

4. Put these words in the blanks. Use dictionary if necessary. book round trip reserve check in confirm take standing room first class

standby

A: Are you ready for your trip to Madrid? B: Yes, I’ve (1)_____ my ticket. A: Are you just flying one-way? B: No, I’m doing the (2)_____. I’ll be back on Wednesday. A: Oh, I didn’t realize it was such a short visit. I suppose you’re (3)_____ a seat, then. B: No, I haven’t. On this flight you can’t reserve your seat until you (4)_____ at the airport. So I won’t be traveling (5)_____ or anything like that! But I’ll be sitting in the «No Smoking» section of course – for the first time ever! A: Yes, that’s fantastic. But you have definitely got a place? B: Oh yes. My ticket is (6)_____. At least it won’t be like the last time when I was a (7)_____ passenger. I only got on at the last moment. A: But you will reserve a seat on the train down to London? B: Oh yes. Last time all the seats were (8)_____ and there was (9)_____ only. I’m not going through that again!

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5. You are going to a travel agent’s to book a holiday or a flight. a) Decide where you are going. Write four questions that you will ask the travel agent. b) Write four questions that the travel agent will ask. Role-play your visit to the travel agent with a partner. Make sure all the questions are asked and answered. 6. Complete the chart with the infinitive and noun forms of these participle forms. a) Infinitive Past participle Noun delayed reserved confirmed cancelled b)Fill the blanks with these words. 1) When we get_____ of your booking we will let you know. 2) I’m afraid the bad weather is going to_____ your flight. But it’s better to be safe than sorry. 3) Do you have a_____? If you don’t then I think this seat is mine. 4) I can’t believe it! They’ve_____ our train. It’s the second time there’s been a_____ in one week. 5) Excuse me, what’s the_____? Why aren’t we taking off? 6) You can_____ a place now, madam, or you can be the risk that the train will be full and you won’t get a seat. 7) We apologize for the_____ of our flight. Passengers can go to the restaurant at our expense. We hope to announce a replacement flight as soon as possible. 7. Fill the blanks with the words and phrases from the box. Use them only once unless otherwise stated. arrivals check-in counter customs hall departure lounge gate 25 immigration (twice) left luggage platform six ticket office 1) When you travel somewhere by plane, first you go to the (a)_____, then you go through (b)_____ until you get to the (c)_____, where you wait until your flight is called. Then you go to (d)_____, for example until it is time to board the plane. 2) When you arrive at an airport you first go through (a)_____. Then you reclaim your baggage and go through the (b)_____, where they may check your luggage. Then it’s on to the (c)_____ to be met by friends and relatives. 3) When you travel by train you first go to the (a)_____ to get your ticket and then to (b)_____ to reclaim your baggage (which you deposited there because it was too heavy to carry around). Then it’s time to run to (c)_____ to catch the train.

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8. Role-play a conversation in one of the following situations. a) You arrive late at an unfamiliar airport. Go to the information desk. b) You finally reach the check-in desk after queueing for hours. Your plane is about to go. c) Your train is about to go. The employee at the left luggage counter is being very slow in getting your bags. d) Your plane has arrived late. The immigration officer is taking his time over your passport. But you have a connecting flight in another terminal. Holidays 9. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. off the beaten track hitch-hiking leisure off-peak package holiday travel agents resort peak cut-price tickets youth hostels People have more money and more (a) _____ nowadays and even young people can afford to go abroad. Many (b) _____ offer (c) _____ for flights to all parts of the world, so youngsters can avoid the crowded, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are (d) _____. Instead of using public transport and hotels, they travel by (e) _____ and stay at (f) _____. But most people prefer some kind of (g) _____ at a popular holiday (h) _____, which means that everything is arranged for you and the price you pay includes transport, food and accomodation. Try to avoid taking your holiday during the busy (i) _____ tourist season. It’s more crowded and expensive. If possible, go in the quieter (j) _____ period. 10. Describe a journey you have taken on public transport which was delayed or cancelled. Say: a) where you bought your ticket b) what kind of ticket it was c) why you were delayed d) what you did about it e) what the transport company/authority did about it f) how long the journey took altogether 11. Write a letter to your friend about your - plane travel - ship travel - bus travel - train travel, etc - you had last holidays.

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Focus words airport aisle arrivals arrive back body book (v) booked up bow bridge bus bus station cab cabin cabin crew cancel capsize captain carriage cast off check in check-in clerk check-in counter

coach cockpit conductor confirm (v) copilot crew crowded customs hall deck delay departure lounge drive engine engineer first class flight attendant fly front funnel fuselage gate (25) guard

headlights helmsman hull immigration land (v) leave left luggage locomotive luggage rack moor move away from navigator nose overbooked overcrowded pilot plane platform (six) propeller reserve (v) round trip rudder Ship

skid stanby standing room station steer stern steward stewardess subway swerve tail take take off ticket collector ticket office train tube station tube undercarriage wings

Focus phrases (Flight 837) has been cancelled due to (instrument malfunction). (The aeroplane) has been delayed owing to (engine failure). (The train) is running late. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. We apologize for the delay. We regret to announce the late arrival of …

4. LEISURE AND ENTERTAINMENT 1. Look at this diagram and say what are the most popular leisure activities? Use the words below.

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Dance Art

Sport

TV and Radio Films

Theatre Music Party Restaurants Eating and Drinking

1) When you stay at home stay in watch TV listen to music play computer games read get a video get a take away 2) When you go to the cinema, a restaurant etc. go out go out to dinner/lunch go out for a meal go to the movies go to a concert go to a gig go clubbing go to a cafe/ a bar/ the pub go to the theatre go shopping 3) When you go outdoors go to the beach have a picnic go to the park go for a walk go for a run walk the dog/ take the dog for a walk go sailing/ climbing/ skiing/ etc 4) When you spend time with your friends

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have friends over for dinner have friends round go over (round) to smb’s house have a party have a barbecue meet up with smb go out with your boyfriend/ girlfriend hang out with smb 2. Read the questionnaire Leisure Questionnaire 1) How much real leisure time (or spare time) do you have? ■ each working day? _____ hours ■ each weekend or national holiday? _____ hours 2) Put your top four of the following leisure time activities in order of preference (1=favourite, 2=next favourite, etc). participating in some kind of sport or physical exercise – which?_________ watching sport in a stadium or on TV – which sport? ________ playing some other game (e.g. cards) – which? ________ reading – what? ________ some kind of hobby – what? listening to music at home or in a concert hall – what kind of music? ______ playing a musical instrument – which? ________ going to the cinema or watching videos going to the theatre or opera watching TV – which programmes? ________ dancing – where? ________ going to cafes, restaurants, etc. with friends

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visiting new places other – what? ________ 3. Compare your answer with a partner’s. What are the main similarities and differences between the ways in which you like to spend your leisure time? 4. Tell about the way you like to spend your spare time. Start like this: I like …(v + ing) / I enjoy … (v + ing) In my free time / spare time When I’m not studing / working … I’m (really) into … At weekends … On weekends … Whenever I get the time In the evening … II. What are the hobbies? 1. Example: John weaves baskets: basket weaving a) Mary arranges flowers for display. b) George collects stamps from different countries. c) Beatrice paints with oil-paints. d) Susan climbs rocks. e) Dave skis on water. a) Robert makes model planes. Do you know any other hobbies? What’s yours? 2. How are these materials and pieces of equipment used? In what hobbies might you use them? magnifying glass tripod needle rod easel album wetsuit loom clay wool glue net 3. What do these people’s hobbies involve? Use a dictionary where necessary. train-spotter

pot-holer

angler

gambler

canoeist

4. In your opinion, which of the hobbies in exercises 1,2 and 3 and which others, are: a) most suitable for old people? b) most suitable for disabled people? c) least suitable for men?

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d) least suitable for women? e) best for children under ten? f) most satisfying? 5. a) Are you artistic? Are any members of your family or any of your friends artistic? In what ways? Use words from the box. play a musical instrument

paint

draw

sing

act

dance

b) In your experience, do artistic people have a special physical appearance? If so, what do they look like? 6. Complete the table, using words with the endings –ist, -er, -or, etc. where necessary. A person who: plays the piano plays drums plays a violin plays a trumpet plays football plays tennis rides a bicycle collects stamps skis jumps from a plane using a parachute makes sculptures takes photographs plays chess

Noun

7. In which sports do people do the following? a) wear goggles b) ride on boards c) get knocked out d) strike out e) do the crawl f) make pit-stops Which sports are played (and watched) in the following places? course

stadium

court

pool

ring

track

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8. Which of the adjectives and expressions in the dialogue refer to enthusiasm for a sport or hobby, and which refer to ability? Put the italicized words and expressions in the appropriate box. Then tick, the strongest expressions in each box. DON: What are you doing this weekend, Sandra? Off to the beach again? You’re a keen windsurfer, aren’t you? SANDRA: Yes, I am, but this weekend we’re going to the opera in London. My friend George is a real opera-lover. DON: An opera-lover? I thought you said he was mad about modern jazz. SANDRA: He’s keen on all sorts of music… and quite a gifted pianist too. Are you musical, Don? DON: I listen to a lot of music at home. I’m a bit of a Mozart-freak, I suppose. I’ve been collecting records and compact discs of his major works for the last two years. I play the clarinet a bit. But I’m not good at it … SANDRA: And what about sport? You look quite athletic … DON: I used to be an obsessive tennis player, but I gave it up when I broke my ankle last year. SANDRA: Oh, I really love tennis… George says I’m a natural. Shall we have a game sometime? DON: Well… I’m really rusty. I’ll have to get a bit of practice first… SANDRA: Don’t be silly… I’m only a novice. We’ll just have a friendly game. DON: As long as you promise not to humiliate me… I don’t trust people who talk about friendly games!… I’ve got to go now: there’s an exhibition of paintings by Julie Croft, a friend of mine, opening tonight… SANDRA: Is she talented? DON: I’m not expert, but I think her work is brilliant… and she’s only a Sunday-painter. See you on Monday. SANDRA: OK. Don’t forget to bring your racket. We’ll have a game after work… DON: It might rain… Enthusiasm

Ability

9. What leisure activities and hobbies do you think these famous characters enjoyed? - Count Dracula - The Mona Lisa - Marie Antoinette - Goliath Attitudes to Work and Leisure 10. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct places below.

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constructively aimless regimentation

rewarding initiative scope

challenge creativity aspire

conditioned 9 to 5 fulfilment

Most adults (a)_____ to more leisure but, in fact, not many people have the necessary (b)_____ to use the free time they already have very (c)_____. The sad fact is that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. Life seems (d)_____ and we secretly look forward to our work again. We dream about personal (e)_____ but probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. This depends on age. The young are free from work and responsibility, and freedom comes naturally to them. However, after they begin jobs they become (f)_____ to work. They find they need it, however much they complain about its routine and (g)_____. Obviously this again depends on the kind of work. Those with (h)_____ jobs, or jobs which require (i)_____, receive genuine satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in conventional (j)_____ jobs which offer little (k)_____ for imagination. We leave our work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with. Our mistake is in regarding leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked on as a (l)_____. What is your attitude to work and leisure? 1. -

Comment on the following statements. Use the words from this unit. To have much free time is a challenge. People have more money and leisure nowadays. It is a good idea to have a hobby. Hobbies and different leisure activities help people to use this free time constructively and develop themselves.

Writing 12. Write a letter to your friend about - your favourite leisure activity - your favourite kind of sport - the way you spend your free time at weekends - one of your hobbies Focus words act album angler artist artistic chess player clarinet

flute footballer gambler gifted glue goggles guitar

painting parachutist photographer piano pianist pitstop pool

stamp-collector strike out talented tennis-player track train-spotter tripod

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clay course court cyclist dance design double bass draw drawing drum drummer easel expert flower-arranging

guitarist keen knockout loom magnifying glass model-making musical needle net novice obsessive oil-painting painter

pot-holer ring rock-climbing rod rusty saxophone sculpture sculptor sing sketch skier skiing stadium stamp-collecting

trombone trumpet trumpeter violin violinist water-skiing wetsuit windsurf windsurfing wool

Focus phrases be a natural be a (Mozart/theatre) freak be a (Mozart/ theatre) lover be good at be keen on

be knocked out by be mad about be no good at do the crawl/ breaststroke

5. TOWNS AND CITIES 6. Answer the questions working in pairs. Use the words. What type of house do you live in? bungalow [`bÃng«l«u] detached house [di`tQtSt`haus] ranch house [`ra:ntSÇhaus] semi-detached house terraced house What type of apartment do you live in? apartment [«`pa:tm«nt] flat [`flQt] block of flats apartment building condominium [Çknd«`mini«m] hall of residence dormitory (also dorm) [`d:mit«ri] studio apartment

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studio flat Which floor is your apartment on? basement [`beIsment] a basement flat/ apartment on the first/ second/ third floor a first-floor/ second-floor apartment on the ground floor Is it owned by someone else? landlord/ landlady rent smth from smb rent pay the rent rented house/ apartment/ accommodation What can you see from the window? overlook [Ç«uve`luk] a house/ apartment/ room etc overlooking view [vju:] a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay What sort of area is it in? area [`e«ri«] (housing) estate [is`teIt] (housing) project [ÇprdZekt] in the neighbourhood part of town suburb [`sÃb«:b] the suburbs of a quiet suburb of Los Angeles where smb lives

How big is your house (flat)? one-bedroomed/ two-bedroomed etc overcrouded poky spacious three-storey/ four-storey etc How long have you lived there?

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for since 7. Read a passage. Now tell about your place of living. I live in Hamburg in a rented apartment on the second floor of a large, old building that overlooks a busy street. The apartment is small and overcrowded, but the rent is cheap and I like the area. It is a lively part of town full of bars, cafes, and restaurants. 1) Choose five words from the box below. Use a dictionary to help you write a sentence for each word, starting with/ or we, showing what each word means. breathes

fogged-up smack groan shrunk snarled gasp clank-rattle crackle mangled

2) Which of the words in exercise 1 can describe noise? Which cannot? Where would you put the «noise» words on this line? QUIETEST

LOUDEST

8. In groups decide on five adjectives to describe living in cities and five adjectives to describe living in the country Living in cities

Living in the country

9. Read the poem and use some of its lines to complete the lists. The noise of the city in the morning breathes through the gap in the fogged-up window: it is the hydraulic smack of doors and the relentless groan of speeding drivers shrunk behind the glasses of their routine on another freeway into somewhere, snarled in the town tangle of the monster. A rush of the air gasp in the cherry sky and the clank-rattle on the rails heralds happiness and horror with the crackle

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of people, moving, moving anywhere, giving the mangled concrete a reason in the dawn. Peter Hedley 10. Put the following in order of size and importance. What do they all mean? village country settlement region town country capital metropolis state city hamlet province 11. All of the words in the box refer to an area of a town or city. What do they mean? Do they have a positive, negative or neutral connotation? district

quarter

shanty town

ghetto

slum

12. Which words from column B can go with which words from column A? Use a dictionary if necessary. housing area office precinct flats site apartment estate shopping block building site housing development industrial mall residential centre commercial 13. Match the words with their dictionary definitions. Check your answers in a dictionary. k) rural l) rustic m) urban n) suburb o) suburban p) outskirts i outer areas or limits ii an outer area of a town or city where people live iii of or like the countryside; concerning country or village life iv of a town or city v often apprec typical of the country, esp. In being simple and unspoiled by modern developments vi often derog of, for, or in the suburbs, esp. as considered uninteresting or unimaginative

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14. Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate word from exercise a) Shanty towns are frequently found on the _____ of big cities. b) The decline of the inner cities often produces _____ squalor. c) Houses in this particular tree-lined _____ of London have shot up in price. d) Welsh people are fed up with English city dwellers buying their homes because of their _____ charm, thus putting the price beyond the locals’ reach. e) Picture the typical _____ scene; the little squares of grass, the shining cars lovingly polished by their owners on Sundays and the sheer tidiness of it all. Anything would be better than that! f) One of the charms of this particular village is its idyllic _____ setting deep in the Somerset countryside. 10. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage. cosmopolitan metropolis stimulation

pollution urban commuter

congestion cost of living city-dwellers

to breed crime irresistible lure anonymity

Most people in developed countries are (a) _____, many drawn by the (b) _____ of the (c) _____. The attractions of the city are many: the (d) _____ atmosphere (foreign restaurants, different languages, international companies), the (e) _____ of cultural events or the simple hope of finding work. All too many find, however, that the glamorous facade is false. One can be very alone in the city and the (f) _____which at first seems to give freedom and protection later leaves just loneliness. There is a lot to do but everything is expensive. The (g) _____ is high. There is (h) _____ not only of the physical but also of the moral environment and the various pressures of (i) _____ life cause cities (j) _____. Above all, perhaps, it is the daily stresses and strains of the city which make life there a matter of survival rather than of enjoyment. Many a (k) _____ struggling to work through the rush-hour (l) _____ asks, «Is it worth it?» 11. Read the text. Answer the questions. a) Who is «he»? Where is he? What is this paragraph about? b) Which of the places mentioned in the text could also be found in a town or city. Which could not? c) List five things you would expect to find in a village in your country. When he dreamed of home he saw the village green, the pub where he used to wait for his father on a summer evening, the village schoolhouse, the cottage where he used to live, the solid church steeple, and in his ear he could still almost hear the creak of the sails on the old windmill. What was that distant hum of conversation in the little shop? He could almost smell the warmth of the

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community, wrapping him in security, the scent of mown hay on the wind, the stroking of the brittle breeze – and boredom, a kind of dull imprisonment stretching on into the future, burying him in the brown earth, cutting off his escape. That’s why he had come to this place of excitement and opportunity. Why then did he feel so like an alien, unwelcome and out of tune? 12. Using as many words as possible from exercises describe a city, town or village that you either love or hate. Say why you feel this way. Writing 0) Write to a penfriend, inviting her or him to come and stay. Describe the place where you live and work/ study. Say where it is and whether you like it or not. 1) Write to a penfriend, who lives in a big city in the USA. You think it’s a good place to live and study, write your friend about it. 2) You have always dreamt of living in some peaceful place. Write about it to your penfriend. Ask for an advice where to go. 3) Rostov is a good place of living. Write about it to your penfriend. Invite him/ her to come to the city one day. You think it’s worth visiting.

Список использованной литературы: 1. Bell J., Gower R./Matters Intermediate/Longman, 1997 2. Harmer J., Rossner R./More Than Words/ Longman, 1999 3. Thomas B.J./Intermediate Vocabulary/Longman, 2001 4. Thomas B.J./Advanced Vocabulary and Idiom/Longman, 2001 5. Longman Essential Activator, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 2000