The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs

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Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3192

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The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs

Jerry D. Cavin

Jerry D. Cavin Austin, TX, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4614-0655-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0656-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0656-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936008 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustrations: Top left: Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer. Top right: John Louis Emil Dreyer. Bottom left: Sir William Herschel, , as depicted in the book Sir William Herschel, His Life and Works by Edward Singleton Holden (W. H. Allen & Co, 13 Waterloo Place, S W, London, (1881), Frontispiece. Bottom right: Tycho Brahe, illustration from J. L. E. Dreyer biography of his fellow countryman Tycho Brahe – A Picture of Scientific Life and Work in the Sixteenth Century (1890). Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This book provides an introduction to a few of the historical deep space sky catalogs. It is intended to provide amateur astronomers with historical information and the catalog entries with coordinates. In some cases, the information recorded in the original catalog have been omitted to allow the contents to be formatted properly on the page. To this end, I have chosen to keep the data that will allow the amateur the enjoyment of observing the objects of each catalog. Almost 2,000 years of historical catalogs are covered in this book. Chapter One describes Ptolemy’s Almagest created in a. d. 140, and Chapter Twelve describes the Caldwell Catalog created in 1995. In choosing the set of catalogs used in this book, I provided what I thought the most interesting historic catalogs. I apologize if I have omitted to list and describe your favorite. The history of astronomy is rich with many catalogs that equally deserve to be noted, and it is nearly impossible to include all here. I would like to thank the many people who helped during the preparation of this book. The idea for writing this book came in part from the many research papers I wrote in earning my Master of Science in Astronomy at the Swinburne University of Technology Astronomy Online Program. My sincere thank you goes out to the many Swinburne professors and astronomers who taught me over the years. I would like to the thank the many people who provided the information used to compile the catalogs documented in these chapters, including Joerg Schlimmer, Carol Huston, Neda Mobara, Brenda Branchett and Carol Iorg, of the Astronomy League; Dennis Duke, Professor of Physics at the Florida State University; Dennis J Webb, co-author of the book The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, and Robert Erdmann of the NGC/IC Project. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Halima, my daughter Sheila, and my son Zachariah for understanding and accepting the private time I needed to compile and write this book. Jerry D. Cavin v

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About the Author

Jerry Cavin first turned to amateur astronomy while growing up under the dark skies of Iowa. After leaving the farm, he completed a BS in Computer Science with a minor in Electrical Engineering at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He worked for 10 years as the Lead Software Engineer at the Control Data Corporation specializing in real time control systems. After getting married he moved to Austin, Texas and spent over 15 years at the University of Texas at Austin working as a Research Scientist Associate on electronic warfare systems and 6 years at Overwatch Systems. He is currently working as a Quality Engineer at Bridge360 on a wide variety of software projects. He has recently completed his second MSc degree in Astronomy at the Swinburne Astronomy Online, via the Swinburne University of Technology located in Melbourne, Australia.

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Contents

1

Claudius Ptolemy and the Almagest ....................................................... Hipparchus of Nicaea (c. 200–126 bc) ...................................................... Claudius Ptolemaeus (ad 90–ad 160) .......................................................

1 1 2

2

The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog ....................................................

43

3

Ulugh Beg..................................................................................................

51

4

The Tycho Brahe Catalog (1598) ............................................................

55

5

The Johannes Hevelius Catalog ..............................................................

83

6

The Charles Messier Catalog ..................................................................

123

7

The Johann Elert Bode Catalog..............................................................

131

8

Christian Mayer Catalog .........................................................................

137

9

The Herschel Catalogs ............................................................................. William Herschel ....................................................................................... Caroline Herschel....................................................................................... John Herschel ............................................................................................. Alexander Herschel ....................................................................................

143 143 146 147 148

ix

x

Contents

10

J. L. E. Dreyer and the NGC Catalog ..................................................

173

11

Halton Arp and the Arp Catalog ..........................................................

351

12

The Caldwell Catalog ............................................................................

363

Appendix A .....................................................................................................

369

Appendix B .....................................................................................................

373

References .......................................................................................................

375

Index ................................................................................................................

377

Chapter 1

Claudius Ptolemy and the Almagest

We know of many ancient astronomers. Aristarchus of Samos (310 bc–c 230 bc) was the first to argue for a heliocentric view of the Solar System putting the Sun at the center of the universe. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c 276 bc–c 195 bc) created the technique of measuring Earth-based locations by using latitudes and longitudes and also accurately computed the circumference of Earth. The calculations of Thales of Miletus (c 624 bc–c 546 bc) allowed him to accurately predict solar eclipses. Aristyllus (c 280 bc), with the help of Timocharis (c 320 bc–c 260 bc), was the first astronomer to create sky catalogs at the astronomical observatory of the library of Alexandria. The observations of Aristyllus and Timocharis are the earliest known Greek observations and can be dated to the year 290 bc But it was Hipparchus of Nicaea that became known as the founder of astronomy.

Hipparchus of Nicaea (c. 200–126 bc) What little we know about Hipparchus is found in the writings of Strabo of Amasya and Ptolemy of Alexandria. They recorded that Hipparchus performed his astronomical observations in Bithynia, on the island of Rhodes southwest of Turkey in the Aegean Sea, and in Alexandria. He wrote many astronomy books, including one that documented his accomplishments; unfortunately the only surviving work of Hipparchus is the Phenomena, a commentary on a poem about the constellations by Aratus and Eudoxus. Hipparchus would have been exposed to the Babylonians’ knowledge of the stars. Using the historical records he made many improvements to the observational instruments, allowing him to make more precise measurements of the heavens than

J.D. Cavin, The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs, Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0656-3_1, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

1

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1

Claudius Ptolemy and the Almagest

anyone before him. His groundbreaking works in astronomy led him to discover new areas of mathematics. In 134 bc Hipparchus was witness to a supernova, or “guest star,” in the ancient sky. The supernova would have been an extraordinarily bright object in the sky during the day and night. During Hipparchus’s time the sky was thought to be unchanging with the exception a few known ‘wanderers’ (the planets). This brilliant new object would have shaken his belief in an unchanging, static heaven. The event was reported to have encouraged him to measure and compile a catalog of the positions of the stars. According to Ptolemy, Hipparchus spent 20 years making painstaking measurements of nearly 1,000 stars. After constructing his new star catalog he found another mystery concerning the stars. He compared his measurements to the measurements from the early catalogs of Aristyllus and Timocharis, taken 150 years before him. Although the latitude remained consistent he saw that the longitude measurement showed an increase of 2° from the older measurements. This difference in measurements indicated that the equator was slowly moving towards the ecliptic at a rate of 48 s a year. From this he deduced the “precession of the equinoxes.” This is known today to be caused by the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth’s axis, which traces out a circle once every 26,000 years.

Claudius Ptolemaeus (ad 90–ad 160) Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy) was a mathematician, geographer, astrologer, and astronomer living in Egypt under Roman rule. What is known about Ptolemy is based solely on his three great books that have been passed down through the ages, the Almagest, his treatise on Greek astronomy; the Geography, a treatise on the cartography of the Persian and Roman world; and the Tetrabiblos, a treatise on astrology. The name Almagest is an Arabic name meaning the “Great Book” or “Great Work.” Ptolemy called his work the “Mathematical Treatise.” The Almagest became the most influential work in astronomy for the next 1,500 years. The star catalog of the Almagest contained 1,028 stars. Each star is listed with the name of the constellation in which it appeared, its location within the constellation, its ecliptic longitude and latitude, and the magnitude (brightness) of the star, from 1 (brightest) to 6 (dimmest). The method of measuring the brightness of stars is believed to have been created by Hipparchus. With some changes this is still the way we measure the brightness today (Table 1.1). Ptolemy’s Almagest has been embroiled in controversy for many years. If the measurements are closely examined it shows that Ptolemy had plagiarized another catalog. Many scholars believe Hipparchus’s catalog was the real source of the catalog of the Almagest. Ptolemy had simply adjusted the measurements to allow for 150 years of precession. Early Persian and European astronomers such as Ulugh Beg and Tycho Brahe also believed this to be true.

Claudius Ptolemaeus (ad 90–ad 160)

Fig. 1.1 An imagined depiction of Claudius Ptolemy holding a cross staff (some historians have traced the origins of the cross staff to the Chaldeans in 400 BC) used to measure the separation between stars from the book Great Astronomers by Sir Robert Stawell Ball, published by the J.B. Lippincott Company in 1895

3

Table 1.1 The catalog of the Almagest listed by constellation. The data in this table is provided with permission of Dennis Duke, professor of physics at the Florida State University Constellation Almagest measurement Actual (Epoch 137 ad) HR Full star aV # number name Name # Star Long Lat Long Lat V Mag Mag 1 424 1Alp UMi UMi 1 1 60.17 66 62.63 65.88 3 2 2 6789 23Del UMi UMi 1 2 62.5 70 65.29 69.73 4 4.4 3 6,322 22Eps UMi UMi 1 3 70.17 74.33 73.11 73.68 4 4.2 4 5,903 16Zet UMi UMi 1 4 89.67 75.67 91.07 74.89 4 4.3 5 6,116 21Eta UMi UMi 1 5 93.67 77.67 94.2 77.73 4 4.9 6 5,563 7Bet UMi UMi 1 6 107.5 72.83 106.87 72.83 2 2.1 7 5,735 13Gam UMi UMi 1 7 116.17 74.83 114.98 75.1 2 3 8 5,430 5 UMi UMi 1 8 103 71.17 102.05 71.25 4 4.3 9 3,323 1Omi UMa UMa 2 1 85.33 39.83 87.06 40.09 4 3.4 10 3,354 2 UMa UMa 2 2 85.83 43 85.64 44.38 5 5.5 11 3,403 4Pi 2UMa UMa 2 3 86.33 43 86.85 43.8 5 4.6 12 3,576 8Rho UMa UMa 2 4 86.17 47.17 87.96 47.72 5 4.8 13 3,616 13Sig2UMa UMa 2 5 86.67 47 89.23 47.65 5 4.8 14 3,771 24 UMa UMa 2 6 88.17 50.5 90.35 51.01 5 4.6 15 3,624 14Tau UMa UMa 2 7 90.5 43.83 91.48 44.37 4 4.7 16 3,757 23 UMa UMa 2 8 92.5 44.33 94.71 44.92 4 3.7 17 3,888 29Ups UMa UMa 2 9 99 42 100.35 42.59 4 3.8 18 3,894 30Phi UMa UMa 2 10 101 44 103.31 38.06 4.3 4.6 19 3,775 25The UMa UMa 2 11 100.67 35 101.66 35.15 3 3.2 20 3,569 9Iot UMa UMa 2 12 95.5 29.33 97.01 29.55 3 3.1 21 3,594 12Kap UMa UMa 2 13 96.33 28.33 97.95 28.81 3 3.6 22 3,662 18 UMa UMa 2 14 95.67 36 97.28 35.86 4 4.8 23 3,619 15 UMa UMa 2 15 95.83 33 97.18 33.29 4 4.5 24 4,301 50Alp UMa UMa 2 16 107.67 49 109.14 49.57 2 1.8 25 4,295 48Bet UMa UMa 2 17 112.17 44.5 113.29 44.94 2 2.4 26 4,660 69Del UMa UMa 2 18 123.17 51 124.81 51.5 3 3.3

4 1 Claudius Ptolemy and the Almagest

HR number

4,554 4,033 4,069 4,335 4,377 4,375 4,905 5,054 5,191 4,914 4,785 3,705 3,690 3,800 3,809 3,612 3,275 6,370 6,554 6,536 6,688 6,705 6,923 7,049 6,978 7,125 7,371 7,310 7,582

#

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

31 Lyn 21Mu Dra 25Nu 2Dra 23Bet Dra 32Xi Dra 33Gam Dra 39 Dra 46 Dra 45 Dra 47Omi Dra 58Pi Dra 57Del Dra 63Eps Dra

64Gam UMa 33Lam UMa 34Mu UMa 52Psi UMa 54Nu UMa 53Xi UMa 77Eps UMa 79Zet UMa 85Eta UMa 12Alp2CVn 8Bet CVn 40Alp Lyn 38 Lyn 10 LMi

Full star name UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Constellation Name # 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Star 123 112.67 114.17 121.67 129.83 130.33 132.17 138 149.83 147.83 140.17 105 103.33 106.17 102.17 101.17 90 206.67 221.83 223.17 237.33 239.67 264.67 272.33 268.83 289.5 338 350.5 7.67

46.5 29.33 28.25 35.25 25.83 25 53.5 55.67 54 39.75 41.33 17.25 19.17 20 22.5 20.33 22.25 76.5 78.5 75.67 80.33 75.5 82.33 78.25 80.33 81.5 81.67 83 78.83

Almagest measurement Long Lat 124.27 113.6 115.26 122.77 130.64 131.39 132.62 139.32 150.75 148.59 142.09 105.99 104.59 107.83 106.81 101.58 91.59 208.46 223.68 225.8 238.44 242.04 266.99 274.53 270.38 289.82 339.01 352.74 7.8

46.98 29.78 28.85 35.44 26.06 25 54.2 56.29 54.42 40.11 40.56 17.81 19.98 20.58 23.64 20.71 22.94 76.41 78.33 75.51 80.48 75.18 81.97 78.07 79.98 80.98 81.82 82.86 79.4

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 2 3 3 3.7 3 3 2 2 2 3 5 4 4 7 7 7 7 4 3.7 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

V Mag

(continued)

2.4 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.8 4.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.3 5.1 4.8 2.8 3.8 2.2 5 5 4.8 4.7 4.6 3.1 3.8

aV Mag Claudius Ptolemaeus (ad 90–ad 160) 5

HR number

7,685 7,462 7,180 7,352 6,636 6,927 6,920 6,566 6,596 6,223 6,315 6,396 6,132 5,986 5,744 5,226 5,291 4,787 4,434 7,750 8,974 8,238 8,162 7,957 7,850 8,417

#

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

Table 1.1 (continued)

67Rho Dra 61Sig Dra 52Ups Dra 60Tau Dra 31Psi1Dra 44Chi Dra 43Phi Dra 27 Dra 28Ome Dra 18 Dra 19 Dra 22Zet Dra 14Eta Dra 13The Dra 12Iot Dra 10 Dra 11Alp Dra 5Kap Dra 1Lam Dra 1Kap Cep 35Gam Cep 8Bet Cep 5Alp Cep 3Eta Cep 2The Cep 17Xi Cep

Full star name Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Constellation Name # 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Star 352.83 10.67 21.67 26.17 73.33 50.33 41.83 118.67 111.67 159 159.33 158.33 160 160.33 162.67 127.33 131.17 109.17 103.17 35 33 7.33 346.67 339.33 340 358.5

77.83 80.5 81.33 80.25 84.5 83.5 84.83 87.5 86.83 81.25 83 84.83 78 74.67 70 64.67 65.5 61.25 56.25 75.67 64.25 71.17 69 72 74 65.5

Almagest measurement Long Lat 355.4 11.55 25.64 29.44 77.03 53.24 45.89 117.97 105.47 156.77 156.79 154.9 167.54 170.8 158.34 128.51 131.07 110.05 104.18 37.55 34.31 10.19 347.31 338.28 339.77 358.56

78.08 80.93 83.06 80.48 83.82 83.24 84.66 86.78 86.83 81.65 83.22 84.78 78.49 74.51 71.11 65.27 66.29 61.62 57.08 75.28 64.41 71.01 68.91 71.57 73.93 65.71

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 5 3 3 3.7 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 5

V Mag

4.5 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.6 4.2 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 3.2 2.7 4 3.3 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.4 3.2 3.2 2.4 3.4 4.2 4.3

aV Mag


HR number

8,694 8,494 8,465 8,469 8,316 8,571 5,328 5,350 5,404 5,351 5,435 5,602 5,681 5,733 5,763 5,727 5,709 5,634 5,616 5,638 5,600 5,505 5,447 5,429 5,477 5,235 5,185 5,200 5,340

#

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

32Iot Cep 23Eps Cep 21Zet Cep 22Lam Cep Mu Cep 27Del Cep 17Kap2Boo 21Iot Boo 23The Boo 19Lam Boo 27Gam Boo 42Bet Boo 49Del Boo 51Mu 1Boo 52Nu 1Boo 2Eta CrB 1Omi CrB 45 Boo 43Psi Boo 46 Boo 41Ome Boo 36Eps Boo 28Sig Boo 25Rho Boo 30Zet Boo 8Eta Boo 4Tau Boo 5Ups Boo 16Alp Boo

Full star name Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo

4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5


Star 7.5 346.33 347.33 349 343.67 351.33 152.33 154.17 155.33 159.67 169.67 176.67 185.67 185.67 185 187.67 188.5 188.17 186.67 187 187.33 180 175.67 175 185.33 171.33 170.5 171.33 177

62.5 60.25 61.25 61.33 64 59.5 58.67 58.33 60.17 54.67 49 53.83 48.67 53.25 57.5 46.5 45.5 41.33 41.67 42.5 40.33 40.25 41.67 42.17 28 28 26.5 25 31.5


62.49 60.04 61.09 61.83 64.15 59.47 58.88 58.86 60.36 54.67 49.59 54.28 49.14 53.55 57.21 47.01 46.12 40.66 42.34 42.04 40.34 40.74 42.14 42.52 28.02 28.34 26.67 25.28 32.01

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3.7 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 3.7 3.7 4 4 3.7 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 3.7 3 3 4 4 1

V Mag

(continued)

3.5 4.2 3.3 5 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.8 4.1 4.2 3 3.5 3.5 4.2 5 5 5.5 4.9 4.5 5.7 4.8 2.6 4.5 3.6 3.9 2.7 4.5 4.1 0


HR number

5,793 5,747 5,778 5,855 5,849 5,889 5,947 5,971 6,406 6,148 6,095 6,008 6,410 6,526 6,623 6,779 6,707 6,703 6,212 6,324 6,332 6,377 6,418 6,436 6,484 6,695

#

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136


CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7


Star 194.67 191.67 191.83 193.67 197.17 199.17 201.33 201.67 227.67 213.67 211.67 208 226.67 232 237.67 245.5 241.67 241.5 213.83 220.17 220 221.17 224 225.33 226.33 240.83

44.5 46.5 48 50.5 44.75 44.83 46.17 49.33 37.5 43 40.17 37.17 48 49.5 52 52.83 54 53 53.17 53.5 56.17 58.5 59.83 60.33 61.25 61


44.51 46.2 48.72 50.64 44.68 44.99 46.3 49.36 37.51 42.94 40.2 37.43 48.01 49.53 51.74 52.43 53.87 52.94 53.21 53.47 56.13 58.7 59.79 60.31 60.36 60.93

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 1.7 3.7 5 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4 3 5 5 3 4 4 3.7 4

V Mag

2.2 3.7 4.1 5.6 3.8 4.6 4.2 5 3.3 2.8 3.8 4.7 3.1 4.4 3.4 3.8 4.4 3.7 2.8 3.9 5.3 5.4 3.2 4.7 4.1 3.9

aV Mag

1

67Pi Her 69 Her 75Rho Her 91The Her

5Alp CrB 3Bet CrB 4The CrB 9Pi CrB 8Gam CrB 10Del CrB 13Eps CrB 14Iot CrB 64Alp1Her 27Bet Her 20Gam Her 7Kap Her 65Del Her 76Lam Her 86Mu Her 103Omi Her 94Nu Her 92Xi Her 40Zet Her 58Eps Her 59 Her

Full star name

8 Claudius Ptolemy and the Almagest

HR number

6,588 6,464 6,509 6,574 6,220 6,168 6,092 6,023 5,982 5,914 5,763 6,117 7,001 7,051 7,056 7,139 7,298 7,314 7,106 7,102 7,178 7,192 7,417 7,478 7,615 7,796 7,924 7,528 7,469

#

137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

85Iot Her 74 Her 77 Her 82 Her 44Eta Her 35Sig Her 22Tau Her 11Phi Her 6Ups Her 1Chi Her 52Nu 1Boo 24Ome Her 3Alp Lyr 4Eps1Lyr 6Zet1Lyr 12Del2Lyr 20Eta Lyr 21The Lyr 10Bet Lyr 9Nu 2Lyr 14Gam Lyr 15Lam Lyr 6Bet1Cyg 12Phi Cyg 21Eta Cyg 37Gam Cyg 50Alp Cyg 18Del Cyg 13The Cyg

Full star name Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9


Star 232.17 225.33 226.83 229.67 210.67 205.33 195.67 193.67 190.17 191.17 185 212.67 257.33 260.33 260.33 263.67 272 271.67 261 260.83 264.17 264.17 274.5 279 286.33 298.5 309.17 289.33 292.5

69.33 70.25 71.25 72.25 60.25 63 65.5 63.67 64.25 60 57.5 38.17 62 62.67 61 60 61.33 60.33 56.17 55 55.33 54.75 49 50.5 54.5 57.33 60 64.67 69.67


69.51 69.23 71.44 71.98 60.54 63.33 65.99 63.93 64.49 60.06 57.21 35.41 61.84 62.6 60.56 59.54 60.89 59.78 56.22 55.43 55.24 54.66 49.18 50.81 54.46 57.26 60.01 64.57 69.66

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 6 6 6 3.7 4 3.7 4 4 4 4 5 1 3.7 3.7 4 4 4 3 4.3 3 4.3 3 5 3.7 3 2 3 4

V Mag

(continued)

3.8 5.6 5.8 5.4 3.5 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.8 4.6 5 4.6 0 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.4 3.5 5.3 3.2 4.9 2.9 4.7 3.9 2.2 1.3 2.9 4.5


HR number

7,420 7,328 7,949 7,963 8,115 8,028 8,079 7,735 7,751 7,851 8,130 8,143 153 168 219 264 403 542 707 343 382 9,071 130 21 9,045 10,869

#

166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191


10Iot2Cyg 1Kap Cyg 53Eps Cyg 54Lam Cyg 64Zet Cyg 58Nu Cyg 62Xi Cyg 31 Cyg 32 Cyg 46Ome2Cyg 65Tau Cyg 67Sig Cyg 17Zet Cas 18Alp Cas 24Eta Cas 27Gam Cas 37Del Cas 45Eps Cas Iot Cas 33The Cas 34Phi Cas 8Sig Cas 15Kap Cas 11Bet Cas 7Rho Cas

Full star name Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Per

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11


Star 291.17 286.67 300.83 303.83 306.67 310 314.5 301.17 302.67 312.17 310.67 313.83 7.83 10.83 13 16.67 20.67 27 31.67 14.67 17.67 2.33 15 7.83 3.67 26.67

71.5 74 49.5 52.17 44 55.17 57 64 64.5 64.75 49.67 51.67 45.33 46.75 47.83 49 45.5 47.75 47.33 44.33 45 50 52.67 51.67 51.67 40.5


71.56 73.93 49.47 51.74 43.84 55.02 56.66 63.73 64.41 64.26 50.5 51.57 44.58 46.5 47.41 48.65 46.32 47.36 48.74 43.02 44.92 49.29 52.11 51.32 51.04 40.17

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3.7 3.7 3 3.7 3 3.7 3.7 4 4 5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3 4 2.7 3 4 4 4 5 6 4.3 3 6 8

V Mag

3.8 3.8 2.5 4.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.8 4 5.4 3.7 4.2 3.7 2.2 3.4 2.5 2.7 3.4 4.5 4.3 5 4.9 4.2 2.3 4.5 5.8

aV Mag


HR number

834 915 799 854 937 1,017 1,052 1,087 1,122 941 936 947 921 879 1,324 1,261 1,273 1,303 1,350 1,454 1,135 1,220 1,228 1,131 1,203 1,306 1,314 840 2,077

#

192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220

16 Per 33Del Aur

47Lam Per 48 Per 51Mu Per 53 Per 58 Per 41Nu Per 45Eps Per 46Xi Per 38Omi Per 44Zet Per 52 Per

15Eta Per 23Gam Per 13The Per 18Tau Per Iot Per 33Alp Per 35Sig Per 37Psi Per 39Del Per 27Kap Per 26Bet Per 28Ome Per 25Rho Per 22Pi Per

Full star name Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Aur

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12


Star 31.17 32.67 27.5 30.67 31.5 34.83 35.33 37 37.67 30.5 29.67 29.17 27.67 26.83 44.83 43 42.33 44 44.17 46.33 36.83 38.67 38.33 34.17 36.33 41.83 45 24.67 62.5

37.5 34.5 32.33 34.5 31.17 30 27.83 27.67 27.33 27 23 21 21 22.25 28 28.17 25 26.25 24.5 18.75 21.83 19.25 14.75 12 11 18 31 20.67 30


37.28 34.32 31.52 34.16 30.67 29.92 27.82 27.77 27.1 25.97 22.22 20.76 20.44 21.55 28.25 28.67 26.02 26.48 24.4 18.78 21.93 18.9 14.72 11.97 11.12 18.71 31.51 20.83 30.67

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 3.3 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3.7 3 4 3.3 2.7 5 5 7 4

V Mag

(continued)

3.8 2.9 4.1 4 4.1 1.8 4.4 4.2 3 3.8 2.1 4.6 3.4 4.7 4.6 4.3 4 4.1 4.8 4.3 3.8 2.9 4 3.8 2.8 4.7 5.2 4.2 3.7


HR number

2,029 1,708 2,088 2,012 2,095 1,605 1,641 1,612 1,577 1,791 1,843 1,805 1,706 6,556 6,603 6,629 6,281 6,299 6,149 6,056 6,075 6,567 6,698 6,733 6,378 6,445

#

221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246


30Xi Aur 13Alp Aur 34Bet Aur 32Nu Aur 37The Aur 7Eps Aur 10Eta Aur 8Zet Aur 3Iot Aur 112Bet Tau 25Chi Aur 24Phi Aur 14 Aur 55Alp Oph 60Bet Oph 62Gam Oph 25Iot Oph 27Kap Oph 10Lam Oph 1Del Oph 2Eps Oph 57Mu Oph 64Nu Oph 69Tau Oph 35Eta Oph 40Xi Oph

Full star name Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


Star 62.33 55 62.83 61.17 62.83 52 52.17 52 49.83 55.67 56 56.33 50.67 234.83 238 239 223.33 224.67 218.33 215 216 236.67 242.33 243.33 231.17 233.67

31.83 22.5 20 15.25 13.33 20.67 18 18 10.17 5 8.5 12.17 10.33 36 27.25 26.5 33 31.83 24.5 17 16.5 15 13.67 14.33 7.5 2.25

Almagest measurement Long Lat 63.23 55.93 64.02 62.36 64 52.94 53.53 52.73 50.73 56.65 58.25 57.3 54.6 236.43 239.44 240.72 224.7 226.03 219.64 216.36 217.52 238.4 243.84 244.86 232.03 234.84

32.02 22.84 21.26 15.48 13.56 20.7 18.08 17.97 10.22 5.23 8.65 11 9.36 36.19 28.1 26.4 32.76 32.1 23.82 17.54 16.63 15.47 13.97 15.52 7.39 2.36

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 1 2 4 3.7 3.7 3.7 4 3.3 2.7 5 5 6 2.7 3.7 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4.3 4 3 3.7

V Mag

5 0.1 1.9 4 2.6 3 3.2 3.8 2.7 1.6 4.8 5.1 5 2.1 2.8 3.8 4.4 3.2 3.8 2.7 3.2 4.6 3.3 4.8 2.4 4.4

aV Mag


HR number

6,401 6,453 6,486 6,519 6,595 6,175 6,147 6,118 6,104 6,153 6,112 6,712 6,714 6,723 6,752 6,771 5,842 5,899 5,933 5,867 5,879 5,972 5,788 5,868 5,854 5,892 5,881 6,129 6,446

#

247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275

36 Oph 42The Oph 44 Oph 51 Oph 58 Oph 13Zet Oph 8Phi Oph 7Chi Oph 4Psi Oph 9Ome Oph 5Rho Oph 66 Oph 67 Oph 68 Oph 70 Oph 72 Oph 21Iot Ser 38Rho Ser 41Gam Ser 28Bet Ser 35Kap Ser 44Pi Ser 13Del Ser 27Lam Ser 24Alp Ser 37Eps Ser 32Mu Ser 3Ups Oph 53Nu Ser

Full star name Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14


Star 233 234.33 235 235.83 237.17 222.17 221.67 220.67 219.83 222.33 220.67 242 242.67 243 243.67 244.67 198.83 201.67 204.33 202 201.33 203.17 201.67 204.83 204.33 206.33 208.83 218.17 233.67

−2.25 −1.5 −0.33 −0.25 1 11.83 5.33 3.17 1.67 0.67 −0.75 28.17 26.33 25 27 33 38 40 36 34.25 37.25 42.5 29.25 26.5 25.33 24 16.5 13.25 10.5


−2.7 −1.59 −0.65 −0.43 1.97 11.61 5.45 3.47 1.81 0.64 −1.51 28.06 26.62 25 26.68 33.19 38.32 40.19 35.99 34.53 37.35 42.64 29.07 26.8 25.66 24.16 16.47 13.45 10.5

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 3.7 4 5 5 3 4.7 5 4.7 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 4

V Mag

(continued)

4.3 3.3 4.2 4.8 4.9 2.6 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 4 4.4 4 3.7 4.5 4.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.8 3.8 4.4 2.7 3.7 3.5 4.6 4.3


HR number

6,561 6,581 6,710 6,869 7,141 7,635 7,546 7,536 7,479 7,488 7,669 7,602 7,557 7,560 7,525 7,610 7,429 7,474 7,235 7,570 7,710 7,377 7,447 7,446 7,236 7,852

#

276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301


55Xi Ser 56Omi Ser 57Zet Ser 58Eta Ser 63The1Ser 12Gam Sge 8Zet Sge 7Del Sge 5Alp Sge 6Bet Sge 63Tau Aql 60Bet Aql 53Alp Aql 54Omi Aql 50Gam Aql 61Phi Aql 38Mu Aql 44Sig Aql 17Zet Aql 55Eta Aql 65The Aql 30Del Aql 41Iot Aql 39Kap Aql 16Lam Aql 2Eps Del

Full star name Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Del

14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17


Star 237 237.83 243.67 248.67 258.33 280.17 276.67 275.83 274.67 273.33 277.17 274.83 273.83 274.67 273.17 276 269.67 271.17 262.17 273.67 278.83 266 268.5 269.67 261.17 287.67

8.5 10.83 20 21.17 27 39.33 39.17 39.5 39 38.67 26.83 27.17 29.17 30 31.5 31.5 28.67 26.67 36.67 21.67 19.17 25 20 15.5 18.17 29.17


8.21 10.77 20.02 21.03 27.1 39.38 39.61 39.11 39.01 38.45 27.22 27.11 29.38 31.1 31.46 31.71 28.97 26.69 36.47 21.74 18.93 25.02 20.24 14.57 17.85 29.26

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3.7 4 4 3.7 4 4 6 5 5 5 4 3 1.7 3.3 3 5 5 4.7 3 3 3 3.7 3 5 3 3.3

V Mag

3.5 4.3 4.6 3.3 4 3.5 5 3.8 4.4 4.4 5.5 3.7 0.8 5.1 2.7 5.3 4.4 5.2 3 3.9 3.2 3.4 4.4 4.9 3.4 4

aV Mag


HR number

7,883 7,896 7,882 7,906 7,928 7,947 7,858 7,871 7,892 8,131 8,178 8,097 8,123 15 39 8,775 8,781 8,880 8,905 8,650 8,641 8,667 8,684 8,634 8,665 8,717 8,697 8,450 8,413

#

302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330

5Iot Del 7Kap Del 6Bet Del 9Alp Del 11Del Del 12Gam2Del 3Eta Del 4Zet Del 8The Del 8Alp Equ 10Bet Equ 5Gam Equ 7Del Equ 21Alp And 88Gam Peg 53Bet Peg 54Alp Peg 62Tau Peg 68Ups Peg 44Eta Peg 43Omi Peg 47Lam Peg 48Mu Peg 42Zet Peg 46Xi Peg 50Rho Peg 49Sig Peg 26The Peg 22Nu Peg

Full star name Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Equ Equ Equ Equ Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19


Star 288.67 288.67 288.5 290.17 291.33 293.17 287.5 287.5 289 296.33 298 296.33 297.67 347.83 342.17 332.17 326.67 334.5 335 329 328.5 326.17 327 318.83 320.5 321.33 320.5 309.33 308

29 27.75 32 33 32 33.17 30.25 31.83 31.5 20.5 20.67 25.5 25 26 12.5 31 19.67 25.5 25 35 34.5 29 29.5 18 19 15 16 16.5 16


29 27.7 32.13 33.19 32.12 32.96 30.85 32.33 30.78 20.32 21.17 25.41 25.03 25.72 12.56 31.12 19.46 25.57 24.81 35.14 34.45 28.84 29.46 17.76 18.73 14.54 15.84 16.47 15.76

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4.3 4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 4 4 3 5 4 4 3 4 5 5 3 4

V Mag

(continued)

5.4 5.1 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.9 5.4 4.7 5.7 3.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.5 4.6 4.4 2.9 4.8 4 3.5 3.4 4.2 4.9 5.2 3.5 4.8


HR number

8,308 8,454 8,430 8,315 165 154 163 68 63 82 8,965 8,976 8,961 215 271 337 269 226 603 496 464 458 477 335 390 417

#

331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356


8Eps Peg 29Pi 2Peg 24Iot Peg 10Kap Peg 31Del And 29Pi And 30Eps And 25Sig And 24The And 27Rho And 17Iot And 19Kap And 16Lam And 34Zet And 38Eta And 43Bet And 37Mu And 35Nu And 57Gam1And Phi Per 51 And 50Ups And 53Tau And 42Phi And 46Xi And 48Ome And

Full star name Peg Peg Peg Peg And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And

19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20


Star 305.33 323.33 317.33 312.33 355.33 356.33 354.33 353.67 354.67 355 349.67 350.67 352.17 354.17 355.67 3.83 2 1.83 16.83 17.17 15.17 12.33 12 10.17 12.67 14.17

22.5 41.17 34.25 36.83 24.5 27 23 32 33.5 32.33 41 42 44 17.5 15.83 26.33 30 32.5 28 37.33 35.67 29 28 35.5 34.5 32.5


22.22 41.03 34.37 36.73 24.32 27.06 23 31.51 33.29 32.32 40.97 41.67 43.92 17.55 15.85 25.91 29.55 32.45 27.67 36.69 35.31 28.97 27.79 36.23 33.68 33.28

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 2.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4.3 3.7 4 4 5 5 5

V Mag

2.4 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.2 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.4 2.1 3.9 4.5 2.2 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.9 4.3 4.9 4.8

aV Mag


HR number

8,762 544 622 660 664 545 553 646 669 563 773 887 951 972 1,005 869 847 813 617 838 824 801 782 1,066 1,061 1,038 1,030 1,174 1,239

#

357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385

1Omi And 2Alp Tri 4Bet Tri 8Del Tri 9Gam Tri 5Gam2Ari 6Bet Ari 17Eta Ari 22The Ari 8Iot Ari 32Nu Ari 48Eps Ari 57Del Ari 58Zet Ari 61Tau1Ari 46Rho3Ari 43Sig Ari 87Mu Cet 13Alp Ari 41 Ari 39 Ari 35 Ari 33 Ari 5 Tau 4 Tau 2Xi Tau 1Omi Tau 30 Tau 35Lam Tau

Full star name And Tri Tri Tri Tri Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau

20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23


Star 341.67 11 16 16.33 16.83 6.67 7.67 11 11.5 6.83 17.67 21.33 23.83 25.33 27 19.67 18 15 10.67 21.67 21.33 19.67 19.17 26.33 26 24.33 24.33 29.67 33.67

44 16.5 20.67 19.67 19 7.33 8.33 7.67 6 5.83 6 4.83 1.67 2.5 1.83 1.5 −1.5 −5.25 10.5 10.17 12.67 11.17 10.67 −6 −7.25 −8.5 −9.25 −9.5 −8


43.72 16.77 20.46 19.48 18.81 7.09 8.42 7.28 5.6 5.34 6 3.99 1.66 2.73 2.42 1.15 −1.45 −5.67 9.92 10.33 12.38 11.14 10.73 −6.11 −7.63 −8.97 −9.5 −8.83 −8.17

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3 3 3 4 3 3.3 3 5 5 5 6 5 4 4 4 5 5 3.7 2.7 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 3

V Mag

(continued)

3.6 3.4 3 4.9 4 4 2.6 5.3 5.6 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.3 4.9 5.3 5.6 5.5 4.3 2 3.6 4.5 4.7 5.3 4.1 5.1 3.7 3.6 5.1 3.5


386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411

#

1,473 1,458 1,346 1,373 1,411 1,457 1,409 1,547 1,656 1,658 1,910 1,497 1,791 1,392 1,387 1,256 1,329 1,287 1,269 1,369 1,348 1,140 1,142 1,165

1,320

HR number


49Mu Tau 38Nu Tau 90 Tau 88 Tau 54Gam Tau 61Del1Tau 77The1Tau 87Alp Tau 74Eps Tau 97 Tau 104 Tau 106 Tau 123Zet Tau 94Tau Tau 112Bet Tau 69Ups Tau 65Kap1Tau 37 Tau 50Ome2Tau 44 Tau 42Psi Tau 59Chi Tau 52Phi Tau 16 Tau 17 Tau 25Eta Tau

Full star name Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau

23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23


Star 36.67 33 42.17 43 39 40.33 40.83 42.67 41.83 47.17 50.33 50 57.67 45.67 55.67 42 41.67 37 39 38.5 38 42 41.67 32.17 32.5 33.67

−12.67 −14.83 −10 −13 −5.75 −4.25 −5.83 −5.17 −3 −4 −5 −3.5 −2.5 −0.25 5 0.5 0.25 0.67 −1 5 7.33 3 5 4.5 3.67 3.33


−12.39 −14.66 −9.72 −11.94 −5.94 −4.17 −5.96 −5.6 −2.77 −3.85 −4.45 −2.7 −2.43 0.49 5.23 0.91 0.43 1.08 −0.95 5.11 7.72 3.8 5.61 4.18 4 3.86

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 3.3 1 3.3 4 5 5 3 4 3 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

V Mag

4.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 0.9 3.5 5.1 5 5.3 3 4.3 1.6 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.5 3.7 2.9

aV Mag


HR number

1,188 1,101 1,620 1,739 1,810 1,990 1,985 1,821 1,928 2,002 2,034 2,084 2,890 2,990 2,540 2,697 2,821 2,905 2,985 2,808 2,846 2,473 2,650 2,777 2,763 2,216 2,286 2,343 2,421

#

412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440

10 Tau 102Iot Tau 109 Tau 114 Tau 130 Tau 129 Tau 118 Tau 125 Tau 132 Tau 136 Tau 139 Tau 66Alp Gem 78Bet Gem 34The Gem 46Tau Gem 60Iot Gem 69Ups Gem 77Kap Gem 57 Gem 63 Gem 27Eps Gem 43Zet Gem 55Del Gem 54Lam Gem 7Eta Gem 13Mu Gem 18Nu Gem 24Gam Gem

Full star name Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem

23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24


Star 33.67 25 50 54 56 59 59 57 59 61 62.33 63.33 83.33 86.67 76.67 78.67 82 84 86.67 81.67 83.17 73 78.25 81.67 81.67 66.5 68.5 70.17 72

5 −17.5 −2 −1.75 −2 −6.33 −7.67 0.67 1 1.33 3.33 1.25 9.5 6.25 10 7.33 5.5 4.83 2.67 2.67 0.33 1.5 −2.5 −0.5 −6 −1.5 −1.25 −3.5 −7.5


5.2 −18.42 −1.42 −1.21 −1.53 −5.92 −7.82 1.67 2.3 0.91 3.94 2.27 9.96 6.54 10.81 7.54 5.58 5.05 2.88 2.75 −0.62 1.83 −2.28 −0.41 −5.85 −1.13 −1.01 −3.29 −6.95

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3

V Mag

(continued)

5.3 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.5 6 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.8 1.6 1.1 3.6 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.6 5 5.2 3 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.9 4.2 1.9


HR number

2,484 2,134 2,219 2,529 3,086 3,003 2,938 3,208 12,632 3,366 3,357 3,449 3,461 3,572 3,474 3,176 3,249 3,669 3,623 3,595 3,627 3,731 3,773 3,905 3,873 4,031

#

441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466


33Eta Cnc 31The Cnc 43Gam Cnc 47Del Cnc 65Alp Cnc 48Iot Cnc 10Mu 2Cnc 17Bet Cnc 82Pi 2Cnc 76Kap Cnc 69Nu Cnc 77Xi Cnc 1Kap Leo 4Lam Leo 24Mu Leo 17Eps Leo 36Zet Leo

31Xi Gem 1 Gem 44Kap Aur 36 Gem 85 Gem 81 Gem 74 Gem 16Zet1Cnc

Full star name Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo

24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26


Star 74.67 64.17 66.5 75.17 88.33 86.33 86 90.67 100.33 97.67 98 100.33 101.33 106.5 98.33 92.67 97.17 109.67 111.17 104 107 108.33 111.17 114.33 114.17 120.17

−10.5 −0.67 5.83 −2.25 −1.33 −3.33 −4.5 −2.67 0.33 1.25 −1.17 2.67 −0.17 −5.5 11.83 1 −7.5 −2.33 −5.67 7.25 4.83 10 7.5 12 9.5 11


−10.24 −0.35 5.99 −1.37 −1.08 −2.84 −3.97 −2.4 1.37 1.4 −0.93 3.03 0 −5.25 10.26 1.17 −10.46 −1.1 −5.73 7.11 5.25 10.28 7.75 12.26 9.57 11.73

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 3.7 5 5 5 5 4 8 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.7 4 4 5 3.7 4.3 4.3 5 5 4 4 3 2.7 3

V Mag

3.4 4.2 4.3 5.3 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.7 3.9 4.3 3.9 5.3 3.5 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.3 3.9 3 3.4

aV Mag


HR number

4,057 3,975 3,982 3,980 3,937 3,866 3,782 3,852 3,950 4,133 4,127 4,209 4,227 4,300 4,357 4,408 4,359 4,399 4,386 4,418 4,471 4,534 4,192 4,259 4,310 4,294 4,291 4,737 4,667

#

467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495

41Gam1Leo 30Eta Leo 32Alp Leo 31 Leo 27Nu Leo 16Psi Leo 5Xi Leo 14Omi Leo 29Pi Leo 47Rho Leo 46 Leo 52 Leo 53 Leo 60 Leo 68Del Leo 81 Leo 70The Leo 78Iot Leo 77Sig Leo 84Tau Leo 91Ups Leo 94Bet Leo 41 LMi 54 Leo 63Chi Leo 59 Leo 58 Leo 15Gam Com 7 Com

Full star name Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26


Star 122.17 120.67 122.5 123.5 120 117.33 114.17 117.33 122.5 129.17 127 130.33 132.17 131.33 134.17 134.33 136.33 140.33 141.67 144.67 147.5 144.5 126 128.17 137.5 137.17 138 144.83 144.33

8.5 4.5 0.17 −1.83 −0.25 0 −3.67 −4.17 −4.25 −0.17 4 5.33 2.33 12.25 13.67 11.17 9.67 5.83 1.25 −0.83 −3.17 11.83 13.33 15.5 1.17 −0.5 −2.67 30 25

Almagest measurement Long Lat 123.48 121.97 124.03 124.53 121.43 117.56 115.77 118.41 123.42 130.47 128.55 131.76 133.75 132.89 135.24 139.66 137.48 141.54 142.82 145.59 149.14 145.86 127.57 129.56 138.74 138.11 139 147.86 147.62

8.71 4.74 0.39 −1.49 −0.07 0.21 −3.25 −3.86 −4.02 0.06 4.47 5.89 2.74 12.81 14.29 11.68 9.66 6.06 1.68 −0.59 −3.08 12.39 13.88 16.42 1.37 −0.25 −2.57 28.43 23.45

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 2 3 1 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 2.3 5 3 3 4 4 5 1.3 5 5 4.3 5 5 7 7

V Mag

(continued)

2.3 3.5 1.4 4.4 5.3 5.3 5 3.5 4.7 3.8 5.5 5.5 5.3 4.4 2.6 5.6 3.3 3.9 4.1 4.9 4.3 2.1 5.1 4.3 4.6 5 4.8 4.4 4.9


HR number

4,789 4,517 4,515 4,608 4,589 4,540 4,689 4,825 4,921 4,963 4,910 4,828 4,847 4,932 5,056 5,107 5,095 5,100 5,150 5,064 5,173 5,232 5,338 5,315 5,409 5,359

#

496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521


23 Com 3Nu Vir 2Xi Vir 9Omi Vir 8Pi Vir 5Bet Vir 15Eta Vir 29Gam Vir 44 Vir 51The Vir 43Del Vir 30Rho Vir 32 Vir 47Eps Vir 67Alp Vir 79Zet Vir 74 Vir 76 Vir 82 Vir 68 Vir 86 Vir 90 Vir 99Iot Vir 98Kap Vir 105Phi Vir 100Lam Vir

Full star name Leo Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir

26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27


Star 148.5 146.33 147 150.67 150.5 149 158.25 163.17 167.5 171 164.33 158.17 160.17 162.17 176.67 174.83 176.33 177.25 180 178 181.67 178 186.67 187.33 188.33 190

25.5 4.25 5.67 8 5.5 0.17 1.17 2.83 2.83 1.67 8.5 13.5 11.67 15.17 −2 8.67 3.33 0.17 1.5 −3 −1.5 8.5 7.17 2.67 11.67 0.5


24.11 4.65 6.09 8.54 6.16 0.66 1.41 2.93 2.43 1.85 8.79 13.59 11.62 16.3 −1.93 8.76 3.26 −0.29 1.82 −3.21 −1.26 9.74 7.55 2.98 11.93 0.63

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 7 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 4 3 5 6 2.7 1 3 5 6 4.3 5 5 5 4 4 4 4

V Mag

4.8 4 4.8 4.1 4.7 3.6 3.9 2.9 5.8 4.4 3.4 4.9 5.2 2.8 1 3.4 4.7 5.2 5 5.3 5.5 5.2 4.1 4.2 4.8 4.5

aV Mag


HR number

5,487 4,813 4,902 4,955 4,981 5,019 5,196 5,531 5,523 5,685 5,586 5,652 5,622 5,787 5,908 5,777 5,941 5,978 5,902 5,838 5,810 5,603 5,794 5,812 5,984 5,953 5,944 5,928 6,026

#

522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550

20Sig Lib 39Ups Lib 40Tau Lib 8Bet1Sco 7Del Sco 6Pi Sco 5Rho Sco 14Nu Sco

107Mu Vir 26Chi Vir 40Psi Vir 49 Vir 53 Vir 61 Vir 89 Vir 9Alp2Lib 7Mu Lib 27Bet Lib 19Del Lib 24Iot1Lib 21Nu Lib 38Gam Lib 46The Lib 37 Lib 48 Lib Xi Sco 45Lam Lib 43Kap Lib

Full star name Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco

27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29


Star 192.67 164.67 169 172.25 177.17 178.17 185 198 197 202.17 197.67 204 201.33 207.83 213 206.17 213.67 214.33 213.5 210.67 211.17 203 211.17 212 216.33 215.67 215.67 216 217

9.83 −3.5 −3.5 −3.33 −7.17 −8.33 −7.83 0.67 2.5 8.83 8.5 −1.67 1.25 4.75 3.5 9 6.67 9.25 0.5 0.33 −1.5 −7.5 −8.5 −9.67 1.33 −1.67 −5 −7.83 1.67


9.97 −3.39 −3.35 −3.17 −7.71 −8.47 −6.21 0.56 2.22 8.71 8.44 −1.64 1.4 4.58 3.61 9.18 6.31 9.47 0.31 0.25 −1.28 −7.42 −8.29 −9.79 1.24 −1.74 −5.24 −8.36 1.88

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 2 5 2 5 4 4 4 4.3 5 4.3 4.3 6 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4

V Mag

(continued)

3.9 4.7 4.8 5.2 5 4.7 5 2.6 5.3 2.6 4.9 4.5 5.2 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.2 5 4.7 5.8 3.3 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.3 2.9 3.9 3.9


HR number

5,993 6,084 6,134 6,165 6,028 6,070 6,241 6,247 6,262 6,271 6,380 6,553 6,615 6,580 6,527 6,508 16,475 6,492 6,616 6,746 6,859 6,879 6,913 6,812 7,121 7,039

#

551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576


Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr

29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30


Star 216.33 220.67 222.67 224.5 219.33 220.67 228.5 228.83 230 230.17 233.17 238.17 240.5 239 237.5 237 241.17 235.5 235.5 244.5 247.67 248 249 246.67 255.33 253

0.5 −3.75 −4 −5.5 −6.5 −6.67 −11 −15 −18.67 −18.67 −19.5 −18.83 −16.67 −15.17 −13.33 −13.5 −13.25 −6.17 −4.17 −6.5 −6.5 −10.83 −1.5 2.83 −3.17 −3.5


0.46 −3.8 −4.33 −5.87 −6.44 −6.84 −11.33 −15.17 −19.42 −19.28 −19.79 −19.4 −16.46 −15.38 −13.53 −13.75 −9.5 −6.31 −4.17 −6.65 −6.21 −10.74 −1.8 2.59 −3.18 −3.71

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 3 2 3 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 8 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 4

V Mag

4 2.9 1 2.8 4.6 4.8 2.3 3.1 4.7 3.6 3.3 1.9 3 2.4 1.6 2.7 5.8 4.3 4.5 3 2.7 1.9 2.8 3.9 2 3.2

aV Mag

1

45 Oph 3 Sgr 10Gam2Sgr 19Del Sgr 20Eps Sgr 22Lam Sgr 13Mu Sgr 34Sig Sgr 27Phi Sgr

26Eps Sco Mu 1Sco Zet1Sco Zet2Sco Eta Sco The Sco Iot1Sco Kap Sco 35Lam Sco 34Ups Sco

9Ome1Sco 20Sig Sco 21Alp Sco 23Tau Sco 13 Sco

Full star name


HR number

7,116 7,150 7,217 7,264 7,304 7,340 7,342 7,489 7,614 7,561 7,362 7,440 7,292 7,234 7,194 7,337 7,348 6,832 7,623 7,581 7,597 7,618 7,604 7,650 7,754 7,773 7,776 7,715 7,829

#

577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605

32Nu 1Sgr 37Xi 2Sgr 39Omi Sgr 41Pi Sgr 43 Sgr 44Rho1Sgr 46Ups Sgr 55 Sgr 61 Sgr 57 Sgr 47Chi1Sgr 52 Sgr 42Psi Sgr 40Tau Sgr 38Zet Sgr Bet1Sgr Alp Sgr Eta Sgr The1Sgr Iot Sgr 58Ome Sgr 60 Sgr 59 Sgr 62 Sgr 6Alp2Cap 8Nu Cap 9Bet Cap 2Xi 2Cap 12Omi Cap

Full star name Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31


Star 255.17 255.67 257.67 259.17 261.33 262.33 262.83 265.67 269.5 267.67 262.67 264.83 260 257.67 256.33 257.67 257 246.67 267.33 263.83 267.67 268.83 268.83 269.67 277.33 277.67 277.33 275 279

0.75 2.17 1.5 2 2.83 4.5 6.5 5.5 5.83 2 −1.83 −2.83 −2.5 −4.5 −6.75 −23 −18 −13 −13.5 −20.17 −4.83 −4.83 −5.83 −6.5 7.33 6.67 5 8 0.75


0.35 1.91 1.13 1.69 3.5 4.44 6.33 5.38 5.35 2.11 −2.23 −3.01 −2.67 −4.73 −6.94 −21.9 −18.08 −13.05 −14.15 −20.46 −5.22 −5.25 −6.09 −6.89 7.14 6.79 4.79 7.49 0.64

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 8 4 4 4 5 4 4 6 5 6 5 4 5 3.7 3 2 2.3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 6 3 6 6

V Mag

(continued)

4.8 3.5 3.8 2.9 5 3.9 4.6 5.1 5 5.9 5 4.6 4.8 3.3 2.6 4 4 3.1 4.4 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.6 3.6 4.8 3 5.8 5.5


HR number

7,814 7,822 7,761 7,889 7,900 7,980 7,936 8,080 8,204 8,213 8,127 8,087 8,060 8,075 8,167 8,260 8,288 8,278 8,322 8,283 8,351 8,319 8,311 8,277 8,414 8,402

#

606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631


10Pi Cap 11Rho Cap 7Sig Cap 14Tau Cap 15Ups Cap 18Ome Cap 16Psi Cap 24 Cap 34Zet Cap 36 Cap 28Phi Cap 25Chi Cap 22Eta Cap 23The Cap 32Iot Cap 39Eps Cap 43Kap Cap 40Gam Cap 49Del Cap 42 Cap 51Mu Cap 48Lam Cap 46 Cap 25 Aqr 34Alp Aqr 31Omi Aqr

Full star name Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Aqr Aqr Aqr

31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32


Star 278.67 278.83 276.17 281.67 281.83 281.67 280.83 286.67 290.17 290.33 288.5 286.67 286.67 286.67 291 293.33 295 294.83 296.33 296.83 298.67 297.67 298.67 300.33 306.33 305.17

1.75 1.5 0.67 3.83 0.83 −8.67 −6.5 −7.67 −6.83 −6 −4.25 −4 −2.83 0 −0.83 −4.75 −4.5 −2.17 −2 0.33 0 2.83 4.33 15.75 11 9.67


1.11 1.4 0.67 3.55 0.42 −8.77 −6.76 −7.9 −6.83 −6.38 −4.35 −4.35 −2.81 −0.37 −1.2 −4.82 −4.66 −2.36 −2.27 0.08 −0.5 2.08 4.35 15.5 10.78 9.29

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 6 6 5 6 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5

V Mag

5.3 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.7 4.5 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.7 3.7 2.9 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.1 5.1 3 4.7

aV Mag


HR number

8,232 8,264 8,093 7,990 7,950 8,518 8,539 8,558 8,597 8,499 8,512 8,573 8,418 8,452 8,709 8,679 8,544 8,670 8,649 8,610 8,698 8,782 8,834 8,850 8,841 8,865 8,866 8,968 8,988

#

632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660

22Bet Aqr 23Xi Aqr 13Nu Aqr 6Mu Aqr 2Eps Aqr 48Gam Aqr 52Pi Aqr 55Zet2Aqr 62Eta Aqr 43The Aqr 46Rho Aqr 57Sig Aqr 33Iot Aqr 38 Aqr 76Del Aqr 71Tau2Aqr 53 Aqr 68 Aqr 66 Aqr 63Kap Aqr 73Lam Aqr 83 Aqr 90Phi Aqr 92Chi Aqr 91Psi1Aqr 95Psi3Aqr 94 Aqr 102Ome1Aqr 105Ome2Aqr

Full star name Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32


Star 296.5 297.33 287.67 286.17 284.67 309.5 311.67 312 313.33 306.17 307 308.67 301.67 303.17 311.67 311.33 304.67 308.33 307.83 315 314.83 317.67 320 320.5 319 319.83 317.83 322.67 323.17

8.83 6.25 5.5 8 8.67 8.75 10.75 9 8.5 3.17 3 −0.83 −1.67 −0.25 −7.5 −5 −5.67 −10 −9 2 0.17 −1.17 −0.5 −1.67 −3.5 −4.17 −8.25 −11 −10.83


8.77 6.13 4.95 8.44 8.28 8.35 10.56 8.97 8.27 2.85 2.48 −1.11 −1.92 −0.16 −8.1 −5.56 −6.31 −10.86 −9.85 4.24 −0.32 −1.61 −0.9 −2.79 −3.86 −4.71 −8.19 −10.96 −11.53

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 4 6 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

V Mag

(continued)

2.9 4.7 4.5 4.7 3.8 3.8 4.7 3.7 4 4.2 5.4 4.8 4.3 5.5 3.3 4 5.7 5.3 4.7 5 3.7 5.4 4.2 5.1 4.2 5 5.1 5 4.5


HR number

8,982 8,998 9,031 8,892 8,939 8,906 8,789 8,817 8,812 8,728 9,098 33 48 8,773 8,852 8,878 8,916 8,969 8,911 8,984 9,072 80 132 224 294 361

#

661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686


104 Aqr 106 Aqr 108 Aqr 98 Aqr 101 Aqr 99 Aqr 86 Aqr 89 Aqr 88 Aqr 24Alp PsA 2 Cet 6 Cet 7 Cet 4Bet Psc 6Gam Psc 7 Psc 10The Psc 17Iot Psc 8Kap Psc 18Lam Psc 28Ome Psc 41 Psc 51 Psc 63Del Psc 71Eps Psc 86Zet Psc

Full star name Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc

32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33


Star 321.67 322.17 323.17 317 318.33 317.5 311.83 312.33 313.17 307 326.67 329.67 329 321.67 324.17 326 328.17 330.67 326 329.67 336 341 343 347.17 350.5 353

−14 −14.75 −15.67 −14.17 −15.75 −15 −14.75 −14.75 −14 −20.33 −15.5 −14.67 −18.25 9.25 7.5 9.33 9.5 7.5 4.5 3.5 6.33 5.75 3.75 2.25 1.17 −0.17


−14.47 −15.12 −16.4 −14.7 −16.46 −15.49 −16.49 −15.62 −14.41 −20.88 −16.2 −15.16 −18.72 9.11 7.44 8.94 9.05 7.45 4.52 3.48 6.43 5.43 3.14 2.15 0.99 −0.25

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3.7 3.7 3.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 4

V Mag

4.8 5.2 5.2 4 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.7 3.7 1.2 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.5 3.7 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.9 4.5 4 5.4 5.7 4.4 4.3 4.9

aV Mag


HR number

330 378 434 489 549 595 510 463 437 413 349 352 274 262 230 310 328 351 383 360 339 9,067 9,087 9,089 3 896 911 804 779

#

687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715

80 Psc 89 Psc 98Mu Psc 106Nu Psc 111Xi Psc 113Alp Psc 110Omi Psc 102Pi Psc 99Eta Psc 93Rho Psc 82 Psc 83Tau Psc 68 Psc 67 Psc 65 Psc 74Psi1Psc 79Psi2Psc 84Chi Psc 90Ups Psc 85Phi Psc 81Psi3Psc 27 Psc 29 Psc 30 Psc 33 Psc 91Lam Cet 92Alp Cet 86Gam Cet 82Del Cet

Full star name Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Cet Cet Cet Cet

33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34


Star 352.33 353 356.5 358.67 0.67 2.5 0.5 0.17 0.67 0.5 2 1.67 358.67 357.67 357 355.67 356.33 357.67 2.17 359.83 0 331.17 332.25 330.67 332.33 17.67 17.67 12.67 10.5

−2 −5 −2.33 −4.67 −7.75 −8.5 −1.67 1.83 5.33 9 21.75 21.67 20 19.83 20.33 14.33 13.25 12 17 15.33 11.75 −2.67 −2.5 −5.5 −5.5 −7.75 −12.33 −11.5 −14


−1.54 −4.35 −3.08 −4.81 −8.04 −9.17 −1.74 1.76 5.27 9.27 21.89 20.65 20.86 19.4 20.45 13.28 12.44 12.35 17.36 15.4 11.21 −3.1 −2.95 −5.68 −5.81 −7.95 −12.72 −12.11 −14.61

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 6 6 4 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3

V Mag

(continued)

5.5 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.6 3.8 4.3 5.6 3.6 5.4 5.2 4.5 5.4 6.1 5.6 4.7 5.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.6 4.9 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.7 2.5 3.5 4.1


HR number

754 718 649 708 740 781 811 509 585 539 402 334 235 227 194 190 74 188 1,879 2,061 1,790 1,839 2,124 2,229 2,199 2,159

#

716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741


Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori

34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35


Star 10.17 12.67 7.67 3 3.33 6.67 7 352 353 355 349.67 345 341 340.67 339.33 339 334.33 335.67 57 62 54 55 64.33 66.33 66.5 66

−8.17 −6.33 −4.17 −24.5 −28 −25.17 −27.5 −25.33 −30.83 −20 −15.67 −15.67 −13.67 −14.67 −13 −14 −9.67 −20.33 −13.5 −17 −17.5 −18 −14.5 −11.83 −10 −9.75

Almagest measurement Long Lat 12.46 11.51 8.12 3.71 4.15 7.28 7.73 352.5 353.3 355.94 350.32 345.7 341.43 339.85 339.94 339.29 334.97 336.45 57.78 62.82 55.02 56.46 64.68 68 67.02 65.93

−9.33 −5.99 −4.4 −25.36 −28.6 −25.99 −28.38 −25.65 −31.08 −20.4 −15.76 −16.06 −14.7 −17.29 −14.09 −15.29 −10.01 −20.76 −13.61 −16.28 −17.05 −17.53 −14.02 −11.08 −9.44 −8.89

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 5 4.7 4.7 3.3 3 8 1.3 2 4.3 4 6 4 4

V Mag

4.9 4.3 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.3 3.5 4 3.7 3.6 3.5 5.2 5.6 4.8 6 3.6 2 3.4 0.5 1.6 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.5 4.4

aV Mag

1

8Iot Cet 16Bet Cet 39Lam Ori 58Alp Ori 24Gam Ori 32 Ori 61Mu Ori 73 Ori 70Xi Ori 67Nu Ori

17Phi1Cet

78Nu Cet 73Xi 2Cet 65Xi 1Cet 72Rho Cet 76Sig Cet 83Eps Cet 89Pi Cet 52Tau Cet 59Ups Cet 55Zet Cet 45The Cet 31Eta Cet 19Phi2Cet

Full star name


HR number

2,223 2,198 2,047 2,135 1,934 1,872 1,842 1,811 1,676 1,638 1,580 1,570 1,544 1,543 1,552 1,567 1,601 1,851 1,903 1,948 1,788 1,892 1,893 1,899 1,937 1,855 1,713 1,735 1,784

#

742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770

72 Ori 69 Ori 54Chi1Ori 62Chi2Ori 47Ome Ori 38 Ori 33 Ori 30Psi2Ori 15 Ori 11 Ori 9Omi2Ori 7Pi 1Ori 2Pi 2Ori 1Pi 3Ori 3Pi 4Ori 8Pi 5Ori 10Pi 6Ori 34Del Ori 46Eps Ori 50Zet Ori 28Eta Ori 42 Ori 43The2Ori 44Iot Ori 49 Ori 36Ups Ori 19Bet Ori 20Tau Ori 29 Ori

Full star name Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori

35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35


Star 67.33 66.67 61.67 64.67 57.83 56.33 55.33 54.17 50.5 49.33 48 46.33 45.17 44.83 44.83 45.33 46.33 55.33 57.33 58.17 53.83 56.5 56.67 57 57.67 56.5 49.83 51 53.33

−8.25 −8.25 −3.75 −4.25 −19.67 −20 −20.17 −20.67 −8 −8.17 −10.25 −12.83 −14.25 −15.83 −17.17 −20.33 −21.5 −24.17 −24.83 −25.67 −25.83 −28.33 −29.17 −29.83 −30.67 −30.83 −31.5 −30.25 −31.17

Almagest measurement Long Lat 67.82 67 62.85 65 58.58 57.28 56.43 55.25 51.87 50.6 48.46 47.65 46.43 45.74 46.16 46.55 47.6 56.43 57.53 58.75 54.22 57.11 57.05 57.06 57.99 55.97 50.88 51.91 53.64

−7.49 −7.52 −3.35 −3.54 −19.46 −19.76 −20.2 −20.33 −7.54 −7.61 −9.28 −12.54 −13.7 −15.6 −17.01 −20.24 −21.08 −23.78 −24.75 −25.54 −25.78 −28.37 −28.92 −29.44 −30.76 −30.79 −31.36 −30.07 −31.14

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 6 6 5 5 4 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3.3 3 4 4 1 3.7 4

V Mag

(continued)

5.3 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.4 5.5 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.1 4.7 4.4 3.2 3.7 3.7 4.5 2.2 1.7 1.9 3.4 4.6 4.1 2.8 4.8 4.6 0.1 3.6 4.1


HR number

2,004 1,679 1,666 1,617 1,560 1,520 1,463 1,383 1,325 1,298 1,231 1,162 1,136 1,084 984 917 925 859 818 850 919 1,003 1,088 1,173 1,181 1,213

#

771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796


Ori Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri

35 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36


Star 60.17 48.33 48.5 48 44.67 43.17 40.17 36.33 35.5 32.83 27 24.33 24.17 22 17.17 14.5 12.17 10.5 5.17 5.83 8.83 13.83 17.5 21.33 21.5 22.17

−33.5 −31.83 −28.25 −29.83 −28.25 −25.83 −25.33 −26 −27 −27.83 −32.83 −31 −28.83 −28 −25.5 −23.83 −23.5 −23.25 −32.17 −34.83 −38.5 −38.17 −39 −41.33 −42.5 −43.25

Almagest measurement Long Lat 60.47 49.26 49.38 47.25 45.1 43.37 40.85 37.37 35.9 33.43 27.84 24.91 24.8 22.71 17.82 14.77 15.18 11.56 5.86 6.6 8.56 14 18.12 21.51 21.24 22.77

−33.32 −31.78 −28.07 −30 −28.04 −25.59 −25.35 −25.18 −27.14 −27.71 −33.34 −31.33 −29.25 −28.05 −26.12 −24.03 −24.07 −24.94 −32.84 −35.65 −39.05 −38.67 −39.59 −41.83 −42.74 −43.83

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 2.7 3.7 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4

V Mag

2.1 4.3 2.8 4.8 4.4 4 3.9 5.2 4.4 4 3 4.4 3.5 3.7 4.8 5.3 5.3 6.3 4.5 4.8 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.7

aV Mag

1

1Tau1Eri 2Tau2Eri 11Tau3Eri 16Tau4Eri 19Tau5Eri 27Tau6Eri 28Tau7Eri 33Tau8Eri

53Kap Ori 69Lam Eri 67Bet Eri 65Psi Eri 61Ome Eri 57Mu Eri 48Nu Eri 42Xi Eri 40Omi2Eri 38Omi1Eri 34Gam Eri 26Pi Eri 23Del Eri 18Eps Eri 13Zet Eri 9Rho2Eri 10Rho3Eri

Full star name


HR number

1,240 1,453 1,464 1,393 1,347 1,214 1,195 1,143 897 1,696 1,705 1,757 1,756 1,702 1,654 1,865 1,829 2,035 1,983 1,998 2,085 2,491 2,574 2,593 2,657 2,596 2,590 2,443 2,429

#

797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825

The1Eri 3Iot Lep 4Kap Lep 7Nu Lep 6Lam Lep 5Mu Lep 2Eps Lep 11Alp Lep 9Bet Lep 15Del Lep 13Gam Lep 14Zet Lep 16Eta Lep 9Alp CMa 14The CMa 18Mu CMa 23Gam CMa 20Iot CMa 19Pi CMa 8Nu 3CMa 7Nu 2CMa

36Tau9Eri 50Ups1Eri 52Ups2Eri 43 Eri 41Ups4Eri

Full star name Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38


Star 24.67 34.17 35 28.17 25.83 17.83 14.83 11.83 0.17 49.67 49.83 51.33 51.33 49.17 46.17 55.83 54.83 61 59 60 62.67 77.67 79.67 81.33 83.33 85.33 80.5 76.17 76

−43.33 −50.33 −51.75 −53.83 −53.17 −53 −53.5 −52.5 −53.5 −35 −36.5 −35.67 −36.67 −39.25 −45.25 −41.5 −44.33 −44.17 −45.83 −38.33 −38.17 −39.17 −35 −36.5 −37.75 −40 −42.67 −41.25 −42.5


−43.67 −51.03 −52.03 −54.76 −54.15 −53.41 −54.46 −54.98 −53.86 −34.94 −36.05 −35.59 −36.43 −39.28 −45.16 −41.3 −44.11 −44.21 −45.88 −38.46 −37.92 −39.19 −34.94 −36.89 −38.22 −39.88 −42.97 −41.52 −42.53

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 5 5 5 5 3.7 3.7 3 3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 1 4 5 4 4 5 5 5

V Mag

(continued)

4.7 4.5 3.8 4 3.6 5.1 4.2 4.6 2.9 4.4 4.4 5.3 4.3 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.7 −1.5 4.1 5 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.4 4


HR number

2,294 2,387 2,414 2,653 2,580 2,693 2,618 2,538 2,282 2,827 2,648 2,177 2,256 2,296 2,361 1,996 2,056 2,106 2,040 1,956 1,862 2,845 2,943 3,102 3,185 3,045

#

826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851


2Bet CMa 4Xi 1CMa 5Xi 2CMa 24Omi2CMa 16Omi1CMa 25Del CMa 21Eps CMa 13Kap CMa 1Zet CMa 31Eta CMa 19 Mon The Col Kap Col Del Col Lam CMa Mu Col Lam Col Gam Col Bet Col Alp Col Eps Col 3Bet CMi 10Alp CMi 11 Pup 15Rho Pup 7Xi Pup

Full star name Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cma Cmi Cmi Arg Arg Arg

38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 40 40 40


Star 71 74.67 76.17 84.67 81.67 86.67 83.67 83 69.67 92.17 79.5 70 71.33 73 74.17 58 60.33 62.33 59 56 52.17 85 89.17 100.33 104.33 98.83

−41.33 −46.5 −45.83 −46.17 −47 −48.75 −51.5 −55.17 −53.75 −50.67 −25.25 −61.5 −58.75 −57 −56 −55.5 −57.67 −59.83 −59.67 −57.67 −59.5 −14 −16.17 −42.5 −43.33 −45


−41.5 −46.81 −46.3 −46.36 −47.01 −48.68 −51.59 −55.38 −53.62 −50.82 −26.96 −60.92 −58.78 −56.93 −56.01 −55.92 −57.49 −58.97 −59.63 −57.61 −58.85 −13.69 −15.65 −42.77 −43.46 −45.14

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 3 5 5 4 5 3.3 3 4 3 3.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 5 3 4

V Mag

2 4.3 4.5 3 3.9 1.8 1.5 4 3 2.5 5 5 4.4 3.8 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.4 3.1 2.6 3.9 2.9 0.4 4.2 2.8 3.3

aV Mag


HR number

3,034 2,944 2,948 2,922 2,996 2,993 3,113 2,823 2,773 2,937 2,961 3,017 3,084 3,165 3,080 3,162 3,225 3,243 3,535 3,477 3,426 3,487 3,445 3,438 3,468 3,518 3,556 3,634 3,786

#

852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880

Bet Pyx Alp Pyx Gam Pyx Del Pyx Lam Vel Psi Vel

Zet Pup

Pi Pup

3 Pup 1 Pup

Omi Pup

Full star name Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40


Star 98.67 95.33 96.33 95.33 99.33 98.5 104 94 94 100.17 102.17 103.67 106.5 111.17 108.17 111 113.17 114.33 125.67 126.17 124 129.17 129 120.17 119.33 118 119 134.17 137.5

−46.17 −45.5 −47.25 −49.75 −49.5 −49.25 −49.83 −53 −58.67 −55.5 −58.67 −57.25 −57.83 −58.67 −60 −59.33 −56.67 −57.67 −51.5 −55.67 −57.17 −60 −61.25 −51.83 −49 −43.33 −43.5 −54.5 −51.25

Almagest measurement Long Lat 100.31 97 97.71 97.21 100.14 99.84 105.21 94.7 94.6 100.78 103.42 105.24 108.39 112.97 109.48 113.69 115.24 116.61 127.32 128.15 126.42 131.99 131.04 121.13 120.83 119.85 121.05 135.64 139.24

−46.25 −46.25 −47.63 −49.31 −49.41 −48.91 −49.86 −53.67 −58.74 −55.57 −58.62 −57.92 −58.25 −58.51 −59.87 −59.78 −57.56 −57.99 −53.26 −57.47 −58.37 −60.23 −61.24 −51.28 −49.06 −43.44 −42.95 −55.95 −51.21

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3 3 4 4 2 2.3

V Mag

(continued)

4.5 4.7 3.8 4.6 4 4.6 4.8 5.4 2.7 4.5 4.8 3.6 4.5 2.3 3.7 5.5 4.4 4.4 5.8 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4 3.7 4 4.9 2.2 3.6


HR number

2,878 3,055 3,207 3,117 3,447 3,485 3,498 3,734 3,803 2,120 2,451 2,326 2,553 3,418 3,410 3,482 3,454 3,547 3,613 3,665 3,787 3,845 3,759 3,750 3,748 3,849

#

881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906


Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41


Star 101.17 109 120 128.5 135.17 141.33 146 151 158 64 80.17 77.17 89 104 103.33 105.33 105.5 107.5 110.33 113.33 118.83 120.67 118.5 119.17 120 126

−63 −64.5 −63.83 −69.67 −65.67 −65.83 −67.33 −62.83 −62.25 −65.83 −65.67 −75 −71.75 −15 −13.17 −11.5 −14.25 −12.25 −11.83 −13.67 −15.33 −14.83 −17.17 −19.75 −20.5 −26.5


−64.05 −65.39 −64.6 −70.44 −66.34 −67.21 −68.5 −63.72 −64.21 −66.49 −66.31 −76.08 −73.04 −14.77 −12.57 −11.23 −14.43 −11.14 −11.19 −13.07 −15.1 −14.38 −16.85 −19.99 −22.53 −26.7

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 6 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3.7 2.7 1 2.7 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 2 4

V Mag

3.3 4.1 1.7 3.5 3.6 2 4.5 2.5 3.1 4 3.2 −0.7 2.9 4.4 4.2 3.4 4.3 3.1 5 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.6 5.4 2 5.1

aV Mag

1

30Alp Hya 38Kap Hya

Eta Col Nu Pup Alp Car Tau Pup 5Sig Hya 4Del Hya 11Eps Hya 7Eta Hya 16Zet Hya 18Ome Hya 22The Hya 32Tau2Hya 35Iot Hya 31Tau1Hya

Kap Vel

Del Vel

Gam2Vel Chi Car

Sig Pup

Full star name


HR number

3,903 3,970 4,094 4,171 4,232 4,343 4,314 4,450 4,494 4,552 5,020 5,287 3,314 4,042 4,287 4,405 4,382 4,514 4,402 4,567 4,468 4,623 4,630 4,696 4,662 4,757 4,775 4,786 5,192

#

907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935

22Eps Sex 7Alp Crt 15Gam Crt 12Del Crt 27Zet Crt 14Eps Crt 30Eta Crt 21The Crt 1Alp Crv 2Eps Crv 5Zet Crv 4Gam Crv 7Del Crv 8Eta Crv 9Bet Crv 2 Cen

39Ups1Hya 40Ups2Hya 42Mu Hya Phi3Hya Nu Hya 11Bet Crt Chi1Hya Xi Hya Omi Hya Bet Hya 46Gam Hya 49Pi Hya

Full star name Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Cen

41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 44


Star 128.67 131.17 138 140 143 151.5 152.33 162.17 164.5 166.17 180 193.5 102.5 131 146.33 152.5 150 157 149.33 159.17 151.67 165.33 164.33 166.67 163.33 166.67 167 170.5 190.5

−26 −23.25 −24.67 −23.25 −22.17 −25.75 −30.17 −31.33 −33.17 −31.33 −13.67 −17.67 −23.25 −16.33 −23 −19.33 −18 −18.5 −13.67 −16.17 −11.5 −21.67 −19.67 −18.17 −14.83 −12.5 −11.67 −18.17 −21.67


−26.17 −23.27 −24.67 −23.54 −21.95 −25.6 −30.23 −31.49 −33.38 −31.4 −13.62 −12.83 −22.62 −17.45 −22.7 −19.65 −17.65 −18.27 −13.49 −16.05 −11.3 −21.7 −19.61 −18.2 −14.43 −12.03 −11.51 −17.94 −21.42

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 3 4 3 3.7 4 4 4 3 3.7 3.7 3 3 4 4 4 3.7 4 4.3 4 3 3 5 3 3 4 3 4.7

V Mag

(continued)

4.1 4.6 3.8 4.9 3.1 4.5 4.9 3.5 4.7 4.3 3 3.3 3.9 5.2 4.1 4.1 3.6 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.7 4 3 5.2 2.6 3 4.3 2.7 4.2


HR number

5,221 5,168 5,210 5,028 5,288 5,089 5,367 5,378 5,485 5,471 5,190 5,193 5,248 5,285 5,440 5,576 5,231 5,260 5,249 15,139 4,940 4,819 4,802 4,743 4,621 4,638

#

936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961


Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen

44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44


Star 190 189.17 190 186.17 195.67 189.17 198.17 199.17 202 202.5 193.33 194 195.17 196.33 202.83 207.5 198 197.67 196.83 192.17 189 185.83 185 182.67 182.67 183.33

−18.83 −20.5 −20 −25.67 −22.5 −27.5 −22.33 −23.75 −18.25 −20.83 −28.33 −29.33 −28 −26.5 −25.25 −24.25 −33.5 −31 −30.33 −34.83 −37.67 −40 −40.33 −41 −46.17 −46.75


−18.81 −20.29 −19.9 −25.76 −21.56 −27.46 −22.31 −23.66 −18.11 −20.78 −28.09 −28.8 −27.82 −26.4 −25.3 −23.81 −32.73 −30.78 −30.26 −34.21 −37.54 −39.98 −39.94 −42.24 −44.38 −45.44

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4.7 3.7 4.7 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3 4 2.7 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 3 4

V Mag

4.7 4.2 4.3 2.8 2.1 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 4 3.4 3 3.8 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.5 4.3 3.9 5.8 4.7 2.2 3.9 3.9 2.6 4

aV Mag

1

Gam Cen Tau Cen Sig Cen Del Cen Rho Cen

Nu Cen Mu Cen Phi Cen Chi Cen Eta Cen Kap Cen Zet Cen Ups2Cen Ups1Cen

Psi Cen

4 Cen 1 Cen 3 Cen Iot Cen 5The Cen

Full star name


HR number

5,172 5,132 5,141 4,763 4,853 4,656 4,730 5,459 5,267 4,898 5,571 5,469 5,695 5,776 5,708 5,626 5,605 5,683 5,646 5,649 5,453 5,354 5,396 5,948 5,987 5,883 5,925 5,660 5,686

#

962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990

Gam Cru Bet Cru Del Cru Alp1Cru Alp1Cen Bet Cen Mu 1Cru Bet Lup Alp Lup Del Lup Gam Lup Eps Lup Lam Lup Pi Lup Mu Lup Kap1Lup Zet Lup Rho Lup Iot Lup Tau2Lup Eta Lup The Lup 5Chi Lup Xi 1Lup 1 Lup 2 Lup

Eps Cen

Full star name Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup Lup

44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45


Star 198.33 196.33 197.67 190 195.33 186.33 191.17 218.33 204.17 194.67 208 205.83 211 214.17 213 210.17 210.5 214.67 213.67 215.67 202 201.83 203 218.83 219.33 215.67 216.67 207.17 206.5

−40.75 −43 −43.75 −51.17 −51.67 −55.17 −55.33 −41.17 −45.33 −49.17 −24.83 −29.17 −21.25 −21 −25.17 −27 −29 −28.5 −30.17 −33.17 −31.33 −30.5 −29.33 −17 −15.33 −13.33 −11.83 −11.83 −10

Almagest measurement Long Lat 199.74 199.78 200.78 190.9 195.96 190 196.2 216.16 208.03 194.9 209.18 207.68 212.79 215.63 214.27 211.86 211.79 214.53 213.67 214.97 207.8 202.97 203.92 219.89 220.86 216.95 218.24 208.81 209.11

−37.12 −39.4 −40.22 −47.58 −48.45 −50.26 −52.69 −41.81 −43.92 −45.89 −24.82 −29.81 −21.2 −21.01 −25.02 −26.29 −28.18 −28.26 −29.4 −32.56 −31.95 −30 −28.93 −17.2 −15.38 −12.95 −13 −12.8 −11.3

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 2 3 2 2 4 2 1 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3.7 4 3.7 4 4 3.7 3.7

V Mag

(continued)

4.7 2.3 5 1.6 1.3 2.8 0.7 −0.3 0.6 3.7 2.7 2.3 3.2 2.8 3.4 4.1 4 4.3 3.7 3.4 4.1 3.5 4.3 3.4 4.2 4 4.6 4.9 4.3


HR number

6,537 6,743 6,510 6,295 6,462 6,461 6,285 6,897 7,062 7,122 7,188 7,242 7,259 7,254 7,226 7,152 7,129 7,021 6,942 6,951 8,728

#

991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011


The CrA 24Alp PsA

Lam CrA

Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA CrA PsA

46 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 48

Constellation Name # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1

Star 237.67 243 236.33 230.67 235.17 235 230.83 249.17 251.67 253.17 254.83 256.17 257 256.83 256.5 255.17 254.67 251.83 249.67 249.17 307

−22.67 −25.75 −26.5 −30.33 −34.17 −33.33 −34.25 −21.5 −21 −20.33 −20 −18.5 −17.17 −16 −15.17 −15.33 −14.83 −14.67 −15.83 −18.5 −20.33

Almagest measurement Long Lat 239.55 245.27 239.04 233.69 238.39 238.31 233.94 249.16 253.46 255.03 256.38 257.62 258.12 258.16 257.65 256.18 255.66 252.95 250.54 250.6 307.73

−22.9 −26.41 −26.28 −30.03 −32.86 −32.01 −32.83 −22.38 −20.38 −19.55 −19.06 −17.6 −16.49 −15.02 −14.02 −13.99 −14.22 −14.95 −16.18 −18.81 −20.88

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat

5 4 3.7 5 3.7 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 5 5 1

V Mag

4.6 3.7 3 4.1 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.5 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.2 4.6 1.2

aV Mag

1

Zet CrA Del CrA Bet CrA Alp CrA Gam CrA Eps CrA

1Sig Ara The Ara Alp Ara Eps1Ara Gam Ara Bet Ara Zet Ara Alp Tel Eta1CrA

Full star name


8,576 8,695 8,720 8,628 8,431 8,570 8,478 8,386 8,326 8,305 8,353 8,069 8,151 8,229 8,180 7,965 8,039

1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028

17Bet PsA 22Gam PsA 23Del PsA 18Eps PsA 14Mu PsA Zet PsA 16Lam PsA 12Eta PsA 10The PsA 9Iot PsA Gam Gru Eta Mic The1Mic Xi Gru The2Mic Alp Mic Gam Mic

Full star name PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA PsA

48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48

Constellation Name # 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Star 300.67 304.17 305.33 304.33 295.17 301.17 298.83 295.17 291.83 291 290.17 278 281.17 284 282 283.83 283.83

−20.33 −22.25 −22.5 −16.25 −19.5 −15.17 −14.67 −15 −16.5 −18.17 −22.25 −22.33 −22.17 −21.17 −20.83 −17 −14.83

Almagest measurement Long Lat 301.16 305.34 306.17 305.33 296.09 303.64 299.42 296.29 292.65 291.27 291.38 280.54 283.5 285.59 284.16 279.67 282.47

−21.21 −23.53 −23.54 −17.15 −19.91 −15.37 −15.57 −15.12 −16.4 −18.13 −22.86 −23.47 −23.81 −24.91 −24.23 −15.24 −14.47

Actual (Epoch 137 ad) Long Lat 4 4 4 3.7 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3.3 3.3 3.3 5 4 4

V Mag 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.5 6.4 5.4 5.4 5 4.3 3 5.5 4.8 5.3 5.8 4.9 4.7

aV Mag

The ‘Almagest Measurement’ column presents the measurements listed by Ptolemy in the Almagest; the ‘Actual’ column provides a modern value of the object adjusted backward for Epoch ad 137. The ‘V mag’ column presents the magnitude recorded in the Almagest and the ‘aV mag’ column presents the actual visual magnitude of the star known today. The data in this table is provided with permission of Dennis Duke, professor of physics at the Florida State University

HR number

#

Claudius Ptolemaeus (ad 90–ad 160) 41

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Chapter 2

The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog

Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi (also called Azophi or Al-Sufi “The Mystic”) was a Persian astronomer and nobleman living at the court of the Emire Adud ad-Daula in Isfahan (Persia). There is not a lot of information to tell us about the life of Al-Sufi, but we know he worked on the translation of early Greek astronomical texts, in particular the Almagest of Ptolemy. Europe was in the Dark Ages during the time of Al-Sufi. Religious fervor had gripped European nations as the bubonic plague devastated the population. Because of the chaotic state of Europe the knowledge of the ancient Greeks had not reached much of the rest of Europe. Meanwhile the scholars of the Middle East were busy translating the ancient Greek texts and improving upon the knowledge. This period is known as the Golden Age of Islam, when Muslim scientists, engineers, and scholars made significant contributions to the world. One of the great Muslim astronomers was Al-Sufi. About ad 964 Al-Sufi published his greatest work, Kitab al-Kawatib al-Thabit al-Musawwar (the “Book of Fixed Stars”), a revision of Ptolemy’s Almagest based on his own observations. In the book Al-Sufi describes the position, color, and brightness of 1,018 objects. The book became known to the West because of thirteenth century Castilian translations and more recently by the translations of M. Schjellerup. The Book of Fixed Stars is the source of many of the modern names of stars coming from Latin translations of the Arabic names given by Al-Sufi. The main body of work in the Book of Fixed Stars is a detailed description of each constellation and the stars they contain. Two illustrations of the Arabic constellations are provided, one illustration from inside the celestial globe and one from outside of the celestial globe. It is still considered a masterpiece in the study of the proper motion of stars and for the study of long period variables. Al-Sufi also


43

44

2

The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog

Fig. 2.1 The image of the constellation Sagittarius from Al-Sufi’s book The Depiction of Celestial Constellations

attempted to match the Greek star names and constellations with the Arabic names and constellations. Al-Sufi was the first astronomer to report on the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). He called it “a Little Cloud” lying before the mouth of a Big Fish, an Arabic constellation. After receiving reports from Arab navigators he also described a southern group of stars as al-Baqar al-Abyad (the “White Bull”). This group of stars is known today as the Large Magellanic Cloud. In addition to reporting a number of new objects, Al-Sufi’s observations improved upon Ptolemy’s brightness (magnitude) measurements. An annual international observing competition honoring Al-Sufi has been created by the amateur section of the Astronomical Society of Iran (ASIAC). The Al-Sufi list is similar to the Messier object list but has a variety of more difficult objects. This is the list currently being used for the Sufi Observing Competition held by the ASIAC (Table 2.1).

(continued)

Table 2.1 The table lists the 120 objects of the Al-Sufi observing competition. The Al-Sufi observing competition list has been compiled and edited with the help of Neda Mobara NGC/IC/Messier # number Common name Type Constellation RA (2000) Dec (2000) 1* NGC 6475/M7 Ptolemy’s cluster Open cluster Scorpius 17 h 53 m 51.1 s −34o 47' 34" 2 NGC 6405/M6 Butterfly cluster Open cluster Scorpius 17 h 40 m 20.7 s −32° 15' 15" 3 NGC 6533/M8 Lagoon Nebula Star cluster with Nebula Sagittarius 18 h 04 m 04.0 s −24° 23' 49" 4 NGC 6514/M20 Triffid Nebula Star cluster with Nebula Sagittarius 18 h 02 m 20.9 s −23° 01' 38" 5 NGC 6656/M22 Globular cluster Sagittarius 18 h 36 m 24.1 s −23° 54' 12" 6 NGC 6266/M62 Globular cluster Ophiuchus 17 h 01 m 12.5 s −30° 06' 44" 7 NGC 6093/M80 Globular cluster Scorpius 16 h 17 m 02.51 s −22° 58' 30.4" 8 NGC 6231 Open cluster Scorpius 16 h 54 m 10.9 s −41° 49' 27" 9 NGC 6281 Open cluster Scorpius 17 h 04 m 41.2 s −37° 59' 07" 10 NGC 6541 Globular cluster Corona Australis 18 h 08 m 02.3 s −43° 42' 57" 11 NGC 6441 Globular cluster Scorpius 17 h 50 m 12.9 s −37° 03' 04" 12 NGC 4826/M64 Black Eye Galaxy Galaxy Coma Berenices 12 h 56 m 44.2 s +21° 40' 58" 13 NGC 3587/M97 Owl Nebula Planetary Nebula Ursa Major 11 h 14 m 47.71 s +55° 01' 07.7" 14 NGC 3556/M108 Galaxy Ursa Major 11 h 11 m 31.2 s +55° 40' 24" 15 NGC 3992/M109 Galaxy Ursa Major 11 h 57 m 36.0 s +53° 23' 28" 16 NGC 4258/M106 Galaxy Canes Venatici 12 h 18 m 57.5 s +47° 18' 15" 17 NGC 4736/M94 Galaxy Canes Venatici 12 h 50 m 53.0 s +41° 07' 12" 18 NGC 5055/M63 Sunflower Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici 13 h 15 m 49.1 s +42° 01' 50" 19 NGC5194/M51 Whirlpool Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici 13 h 29 m 52.1 s +47° 11' 43" 20 NGC5457/M101 Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy Ursa Major 14 h 03 m 12.4 s +54° 20' 55" 21 NGC 5272/M3 Globular cluster Canes Venatici 13 h 42 m 11.2 s +28° 22' 32" 22 NGC 5904/M5 Globular cluster Serpens Caput 15 h 18 m 33.7 s +02° 04' 58" 23 NGC 3031/M81 Bode’s Galaxy Galaxy Ursa Major 09 h 55 m 32.9 s +69° 03' 55" 24 NGC 3034/M82 Galaxy Ursa Major 09 h 55 m 50.7 s +69° 40' 43" 25 NGC 5457/M102 Galaxy Ursa Major 14 h 03 m 12.4 s +54° 20' 55"

The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog 45

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

NGC 5907 NGC 6946 NGC 7092/M39 NGC 7243 NGC 7331 NGC 6218/M12 NGC 6333/M9 NGC 6626/M28 NGC 6715/M54 NGC 6809/M55 NGC 6494/M23 NGC 6611/M16 NGC 6618/M17 IC 4725/M25 * NGC 6716 NGC 6402/M14 IC 4665 IC 4756 NGC 6705/M11 NGC 6694/M26 NGC 6712 NGC 6864/M75 NGC 224/M31* NGC 205/M110 NGC 185

Table 2.1 (continued) NGC/IC/Messier # number

Andromeda Galaxy Part of M31

Graff’s cluster Wild Duck cluster

Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Open cluster Galaxy Globular cluster Globular cluster Globular cluster Globular cluster Globular cluster Open cluster Open cluster Bright Nebula Open cluster asterism Open cluster Globular cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Globular cluster Globular cluster Galaxy Globular cluster Galaxy

Type Draco Cygnus Cygnus Lacerta Pegasus Ophiuchus Ophiuchus Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Ophiuchus Ophiuchus Serpens Scutum Scutum Scutum Sagittarius Andromeda Andromeda Cassiopeia

Constellation 15 h 15 m 54.0 s 20 h 34 m 52.7 s 21 h 31 m 48.3 s 22 h 15 m 08.5 s 22 h 37 m 04.5 s 16 h 47 m 14.4 s 17 h 19 m 11.7 s 18 h 24 m 32.8 s 18 h 55 m 03.3 s 19 h 39 m 59.3 s 17 h 57 m 04.7 s 18 h 18 m 48.1 s 18 h 20 m 47.1 s 18 h 31 m 36.0 s 18 h 20 m 26 s 18 h 54 m 34.3 s 17 h 37 m 36.1 s 17 h 46 m 18 s 18 h 39 m 04.9 s 18 h 51 m 05.9 s 18 h 45 m 18.6 s 18 h 53 m 04.3 s 20 h 06 m 04.7 s 00 h 42 m 44.3 s 00 h 40 m 21.9 s 00 h 38 m 58.1 s

RA (2000)

+56° 19' 45" +60° 09' 11" +48° 26' 55" +49° 53' 51" +34° 25' 01" −01° 56' 52" −18° 30' 59" −24° 52' 12" −30° 28' 42" −30° 57' 44" −18° 59' 07" −13° 48' 26" −16° 10' 18" −19° 15' 00" −16° 10' 36" −19° 54' 04" −03° 14' 46" +05° 43' 00" +05° 27' 09" −06° 16' 12" −09° 23' 01" −08° 42' 22" −21° 42' 22" +41° 16' 06" +41° 41' 26" +48° 20' 27"

Dec (2000)

2

Asterism of Nu1 and Nu2

Eagle Nebula Horseshoe Nebula

Fireworks Galaxy

Common name

46 The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog

NGC/IC/Messier number

NGC 7654/M52 NGC 40 NGC 7789 NGC 129 NGC 457 NGC 663 NGC 6205/M13

NGC 6341/M92 NGC 6229 NGC 6503 NGC 6981/M72 NGC 7009 NGC 7099/M30 NGC 7293 NGC 628/M74 NGC 598/M33 NGC 752 NGC 650/M76

NGC 869/884* NGC 891 NGC 1039/M34 NGC 1023 Collinder 399* NGC 6838/M71 NGC 6853/M27 NGC 6934 NGC 6720/M57

#

52 53 54 55 56 57 58

59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Ring Nebula

Dumbbell Nebulac

Al-Sufi’s clusterb

Part of Little Dumbbell Nebula Double cluster

Pinwheel Galaxy

Helix Nebula

Saturn Nebula

The Great cluster in Hercules

Kachina Doll cluster

Bow-Tie Nebula Caroline’sa Rose cluster

Common name

Open cluster Galaxy Open cluster Group of Galaxies Asterism Globular cluster Planetary Nebula Globular cluster Planetary Nebula

Globular cluster Globular cluster Galaxy Globular cluster Planetary Nebula Globular cluster Planetary Nebula Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Planetary Nebula

Open cluster Planetary Nebula Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Globular cluster

Type

Perseus Andromeda Perseus Perseus Vulpecula Sagittarius Vulpecula Delphinus Lyra

Hercules Hercules Draco Aquarius Aquarius Capricornus Aquarius Pisces Triangulum Andromeda Perseus

Cassiopeia Cepheus Cassiopeia Cassiopeia Cassiopeia Cassiopeia Hercules

Constellation

02 h 19 m 03.8 s 02 h 22 m 33.5 s 02 h 42 m 07.4 s 02 h 40 m 23.9 s 19 h 25 m 24 s 19 h 53 m 46.1 s 19 h 59 m 36.33 s 20 h 34 m 11.5 s 18 h 53 m 35.09 s

17 h 17 m 07.5 s 16 h 46 m 58.8 s 17 h 49 m 26.2 s 20 h 53 m 27.9 s 21 h 04 m 10.7 s 21 h 40 m 21.9 s 22 h 29 m 38.35 s 01 h 36 m 41.6 s 01 h 33 m 50.8 s 01 h 57 m 47.9 s 01 h 42 m 18.1 s

23 h 24 m 50.4 s 00 h 13 m 00.9 s 23 h 57 m 24.0 s 00 h 29 m 54.1 s 01 h 19 m 32.6 s 01 h 46 m 16.0 s 16 h 41 m 41.4 s

RA (2000)

(continued)

+57° 08' 06" +42° 21' 03" +42° 44' 46" +39° 03' 48" +20° 11' 00" +18° 46' 42" +22° 43' 16.0" +07° 24' 16" +33° 01' 44.5"

+43° 08' 11" +47° 31' 40" +70° 08' 42" −12° 32' 13" −11° 21' 49" −23° 10' 45" −20° 50' 13.2" +15° 47' 03" +30° 39' 37" +37° 51' 00" +51° 34' 16"

+61° 36' 24" +72° 31' 20" +56° 42' 30" +60° 12' 35" +58° 17' 27" +61° 13' 06" +36° 27' 36"

Dec (2000) The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog 47

NGC 6913/M29 NGC 7582

NGC 55 NGC 300 NGC 7793 NGC 613 NGC 247 NGC 253 NGC 288 Melotte 20/Collinder 39

NGC 1342 NGC 1502 NGC 1528 NGC 246 NGC 936 NGC 1068/M77 Melotte 22/M45 NGC 1746 NGC 1907 NGC 1912/M38 NGC 1960/M36 NGC 2099/M37 NGC 1952/M1 NGC 2168/M35

79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Table 2.1 (continued) NGC/IC/Messier # number Open cluster Galaxy

Type

Brightest member of Grus Quartet Brightest in Sculptor Group Galaxy Galaxy Part of Sculptor Group Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Sculptor Galaxy Galaxy Globular cluster Alpha Persei Moving Open cluster cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Skull Nebula Planetary Nebula Darth Vader’s Galaxy Galaxy Seyfert Galaxy Galaxy The Pleiades Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Crab Nebula Bright Nebula Open cluster

Common name

Perseus Camelopardalis Perseus Cetus Cetus Cetus Tau Taurus Auriga Auriga Auriga Auriga Taurus Gemini

Sculptor Sculptor Sculptor Sculptor Cetus Sculptor Sculptor Perseus

Cygnus Grus

Constellation

03 h 31 m 40.1 s 04 h 07 m 49.3 s 04 h 15 m 18.9 s 00 h 47 m 30.2 s 02 h 27 m 37.5 s 2 h 42 m 40.7 s 03 h 47 m 28 s 05 h 03 m 50.2 s 05 h 28 m 04.5 s 05 h 28 m 42.5 s 05 h 36 m 17.7 s 05 h 52 m 18.3 s 05 h 34 m 31.9 s 06 h 08 m 55.9 s

00 h 15 m 08.4 s 00 h 54 m 53.4 s 23 h 57 m 49.7 s 01 h 34 m 17.5 s 00 h 47 m 08.4 s 00 h 47 m 33.1 s 00 h 52 m 47.4 s 03 h 26.9 m

20 h 23 m 57.7 s 23 h 18 m 23.7 s

RA (2000)

+37° 22' 28" +62° 19' 54" +51° 12' 41" −11° 52' 20" −01° 09' 23" −00° 00' 47" +24° 06' 18" +23° 46' 04" +35° 19' 32" +35° 51' 18" +34° 08' 27" +32° 33' 11" +22° 00' 52" +24° 21' 28"

−39° 13' 14" −37° 41' 00" −32° 35' 30" −29° 24' 58" −20° 45' 36" −25° 17' 17" −26° 35' 24" +49° 07'

+38° 30' 28" −42° 22' 15"

Dec (2000)

48 2 The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog

NGC 2158 NGC 2403 NGC 7089/M2 NGC 7078/M15 NGC 1976/M42 NGC 2068/M78 NGC 2244

NGC 2264 NGC 1097 NGC 1360 NGC 1365

NGC 1316 NGC 1291 NGC 1904/M79 NGC 2392 NGC 2323/M50 NGC 2287/M41 NGC 2632 M44 NGC 1912/M38 NGC 2281*

103 104 105 106 107 108 109

110 111 112 113

114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122

Asterism of lambda (diamond shaped asterism near the core of the cluster)

Beehive cluster

Eskimo Nebula

Great Barred Spiral Galaxy Fornax A (largest in group)

Cluster in the center of the Rose Nebula Cone Nebulad

Orion Nebula

Member of M81 Group

Common name

Fornax Eridanus Lepus Gemini Monoceros Canis Major Cancer Cancer Auriga

Monoceros Fornax Fornax Fornax

Cluster with Nebula Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Globular cluster Planetary Nebula Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster

Gemini Camelopardalis Aquarius Pegasus Orion Orion Monoceros

Constellation

Open cluster Galaxy Globular cluster Globular cluster Nebula Nebula Open cluster

Type

03 h 22 m 41.7 s 03 h 17 m 18.3 s 05 h 24 m 10.6 s 07 h 29 m 10.8 s 07 h 02 m 42.3 s 06 h 46 m 00.0 s 08 h 40 m 22.2 s 05 h 28 m 42.5 s 06 h 48 m 17.8 s

06 h 40 m 58.3 s 02 h 46 m 19.0 s 03 h 33 m 14.63 s 03 h 33 m 36.3 s

06 h 07 m 25.6 s 07 h 36 m 51.8 s 21 h 33 m 29.3 s 21 h 29 m 58.4 s 05 h 35 m 17.2 s 05 h 46 m 45.8 s 06 h 31 m 55.6 s

RA (2000)

−37° 12' 30" −41° 06' 26" −24° 31' 27" +20° 54' 42" −08° 23' 26" −20° 45' 15" +19° 40' 19" +35° 51' 18" +41° 04' 44"

+09° 53' 44" −30° 16' 28" −25° 52' 18.6" −36° 08' 25"

+24° 05' 46" +65° 36' 13" −00° 49' 23" +12° 10' 00" −05° 23' 27" +00° 04' 45" +04° 56' 35"

Dec (2000)

The “*” indicates the object is contained in Al-Sufi’s original catalog. The Al-Sufi Observing Competition list has been compiled and edited with the help of Neda Mobara a The Caroline’s Rose cluster (or the White Rose cluster) is named after Caroline Herschel, who discovered the object in 1783 b The Al-Sufi’s Cluster is also known as the Brocchi’s Cluster or the Coat Hanger asterism c The Dumbbell Nebula is also known as the Apple Core Nebula d The Cone Nebula is also known as the Christmas Tree Nebula

NGC/IC/Messier number

#

The Abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi Catalog 49

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Chapter 3

Ulugh Beg

Mèrz¾ Muhammad T¾riq ibn Sh¾hrukh (Ulugh Beg) was born in Soltaniyeh, Persia.1 The translation of his common name, Ulugh Beg, is the “Great Prince,” a nickname he received as a child. He was the grandson of the Mongol conqueror Tamerlane and the only son of Shah Rukh. He spent his childhood days with his grandfather and father as they traveled through the lands of the Middle East and India conquering the indigenous people. At the age of 16 Ulugh Beg received an entire province of Mawaraunnahr to govern from his father. The province included the great city of Samarkand. But he was not as interested in ruling as his father and grandfather. Instead, in Samarkand he founded and built a great madrasa (university) where the greatest Islamic mathematicians and astronomers of his time came to study. The Samarkand madrasa was built in Rigestan Square, where it still stands today. It has been reported that Beg became interested in astronomy when he visited the ruins of Maragheh Observatory used by the astronomer Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201–1274). To improve upon his madrasa he built the greatest observatory of his time, the Samarkand Observatory. It became the first observatory to permanently mount the astronomical instruments directly into the structure of the building. The observatory was staffed with 70 of the greatest scientists and astronomers, making the Samarkand Observatory the most advanced scientific research center on Earth. A quote carved into the stone above Samarkand Observatory entry may provide some insight into Ulugh Beg’s character: “Religions disperse, kingdoms fall apart, but works of science remain for all ages.”

1

The ancient city of Soltaniyeh is found in modern day Iran, approximately 240 km northwest of Tehran.


51

52

3

Ulugh Beg

Fig. 3.1 This is a depiction of the mathematician and astronomer Ulugh Beg and his observatory at Samarkand. The picture is a USSR stamp issued on October 8, 1968

The Samarkand Observatory was a three-level drum-shaped building 160 ft in diameter and 120 ft tall. The observatory contained a marble sextant, an armillary sphere, and a triquetram. The most significant instrument of the Samarkand Observatory was a giant marble quadrant known as the Fakhri Quadrant. It ran through the center of the observatory between two high walls in a semicircle from the ceiling on one side of the building sloping downward to below the floor and arcing up to the ceiling of the opposite wall. Along the arc ran two set of marble tiles inscribed with digits marking the degrees. The astronomers would sight the star through a small circular sighting device at the top of one wall and record its position along the marble scale. The enormous size of the quadrant, a radius of 116 ft and an optical separation of 180 s of arc, allowed for measurements to be more accurate than ever before achieved. Ulugh Beg may have been inspired by the 150 books written by Nasir al-Din Tusi when he began to compile his own observations. In 1437 Beg’s Zij-i Sultani (“Catalog of Stars”) was published, listing about 1,000 stars. The Zij-i Sultani was the first star catalog published since Ptolemy’s Almagest. Unfortunately Beg’s work was unknown in Europe until 50 years after Brahe’s publication of his catalog. But for his time Ulugh Beg’s measurements were far superior to those of Ptolemy (Table 3.1).

Ulugh Beg

53

Table 3.1 A comparison of the star positions compared with the same stars in PtolemyHipparchus from Ulugh Beg’s catalog republished by Edward Ball Knobel in 1917 Average error Constellations Number of stars Ulugh Beg Ptolemy-Hipparchus The northern constellations Ursa Minor “The Little Bear” 7 15.0 17.2 Ursa Major “The Great Bear” 32 10.2 29.8 Draco “The Dragon” 27 17.8 23.8 Cepheus “The King” 9 8.9 14.1 Boötes “The Plowman” 18 16.6 24.5 Corona Borealis “The Northern 7 12.4 11.1 Crown” Hercules 25 11.1 14.2 Lyra “The Lyre” 15 12.0 17.0 Cygnus “The Swan” 13 13.3 11.5 Cassiopeia “The Seated Queen” 35 33.9 38.0 Auriga “The Charioteer” 8 19.5 19.2 Ophiuchus “The Snake Holder” 27 17.1 17.6 Serpens “The Snake” 18 12.8 9.4 Sagitta “The Arrow” 5 11.4 18.4 Aquila “The Equal” 12 20.7 18.2 Delphinus “The Dolphin” 10 10.7 15.3 Equuleus “The Foal” 4 14.5 10.7 Pegasus “The Winged Horse” 17 20.7 9.6 Andromeda “The Woman 17 25.4 17.0 Chained” Triangulum “The Triangle” 4 27.2 14.0 The zodiacal constellations Aries “The Ram” Taurus “The Bull” Gemini “The Twins” Cancer “The Crab” Leo “The Lion” Virgo “The Virgin” Libra “The Scale” Scorpius “The Scorpion” Saggitarius “The Archer” Capricornus “The Sea Goat” Aquarius “The Water-Bearer” Pisces “The Fish”

17 38 16 10 31 27 13 21 27 23 38 32

22.2 20.8 17.2 14.3 11.4 7.3 20.1 12.8 13.7 13.3 18.6 19.1

18.2 23.2 19.0 21.8 26.0 14.2 9.8 14.7 14.4 12.4 26.8 23.3

The southern constellations Cetus “The Whale” Orion Eridanus “The River” Lepus “The Hare” Canis Major “The Greater Dog” Canis Minor “The Lesser Dog”

30 34 29 11 19 2

26.0 13.5 10.7 12.9 6.3 13.0

36.0 17.1 28.3 9.3 16.0 23.5 (continued)

54

3

Ulugh Beg

Table 3.1 (continued) Constellations

Number of stars

Average error Ulugh Beg Ptolemy-Hipparchus

Argo Navisa “The Argonaut” Hydra “The Sea Serpent” Crater “The Cup” Corvus “The Crow or Raven” Centaurus “The Centaur” Lupus “The Wolf ” Ara “The Altar” Corona Australis “The Southern Crown” Piscis Austrinus “The Southern Fish”

28 22 5 5 18 17 .. 11

14.4 8.9 10.0 9.4 13.3 14.6 …. 36.4

26.8 20.9 14.0 16.4 14.0 31.2 …. 47.1

9

20.9

41.2

a

The Argo Navis was a large constellation representing the Argo, the ship sailed by Jason and the Argonauts. In 1752 the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided the Argo Navis into three smaller constellations: the Carina, Puppis, and Vela

The observatory quadrant was the primary instrument used to compile the Zij-iSultani.2 The compilation was a collaborative effort between Ulugh Beg and fellow students and astronomers working under his supervision, such as Jamshèd al-K¾shè, Ali Qushji, and others. The star measurements contained in the Zij-i-Sultani were made between 1420 and 1437. It listed 994 stars originally compiled from other Arabic catalogs, which were based on Ptolomy’s star catalog in the Almagest. The improved star measurements in the Zij-i-Sultani provided the most significant improvement in star measurement since the Almagest 1,300 years earlier. Soon after the death of Ulugh Beg’s father there was a power struggle for Ulugh Beg’s province. Being an only son, Ulugh Beg was easily overthrown. On October 27, 1449, at the age of 56, he was beheaded on an order from his own son, Abd ul-Latif. Ulugh Beg’s tomb and remains were found in Samarkand by archaeologists in 1941. When the archeologists examined the body of Ulugh Beg it was discovered he was buried as a shahid (wearing the clothes he died in), a sign that he was considered a martyr at the time of his death.

2

A full listing of Ulugh Beg’s star catalog can be found in Edward Bell Knobels book Ulugh Beg’s Catalogue of Stars, published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1917.

Chapter 4

The Tycho Brahe Catalog (1598)

Fig. 4.1 Illustration of Tycho Brahe from J. L. E. Dreyer biography of his fellow countryman Tycho Brahe – A Picture of Scientific Life and Work in the Sixteenth Century (1890)


55

56

4


The greatest observational astronomer of the sixteenth century was Tycho Brahe. The instruments he built to measure the position of the stars were the most accurate instruments on Earth. Brahe is also remembered for supplying the data used by Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) to derive the Laws of Planetary Motion. Kepler’s work would then provide the foundation for Isaac Newton’s (1643–1727) to develop the laws of gravitation (Table 4.1). Tycho Brahe was born the only surviving twin of a noble Danish family. His father Otte Brahe was a nobleman and worked in the court of the Danish King while his mother Beate Brahe was from a family of politicians and churchmen. His uncle, Jørgen Brahe was a scholar and a vice-admiral who inherited and acquired a significant amount of properties. Being the first born Tycho appeared to be was destined for a life of aristocratic leisure. But, Tycho’s father had made an agreement with Jørgen before the birth of his son, that if Tycho was a boy, he could adopt and raise Tycho. After his birth Otte Brahe did not want to follow through with his agreement. When Tycho was 2 years old he was kidnapped by his uncle.

Table 4.1 The table contains three versions of Tycho Brahe’s star catalogs Star Ecliptic longitude Ecliptic latitude Brahe’s 1598 list 1602 list 1627 list Const seq # Degree Arcmin Degree Arcmin V Mag 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359

307 308 309 310 311 312 313 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 314 315 316 317

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMa UMa UMa UMa

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4

23 25 3 21 24 7 14 2 27 17 17 17 18 21 21 24 15 7 9 26 17 17 16 18

2.5 36 24 29 52 16.5 41 54 20 17 28 45 3 38 55 31 7 22 57 30 36.5 10 8 25

66 69 73 75 77 72 75 71 70 35 37 40 42 57 70 69 68 67 67 63 40 43 44 47

2 50.5 50 0 38.5 51.5 23.5 23 18 50 20 13 56 55 42 3 4 43 22 55 2.5 55.5 22 50.5

2 4 4 4 5 2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 5 4 (continued)

57

The Tycho Brahe Catalog (1598) Table 4.1 (continued)

Star Ecliptic longitude Ecliptic latitude Brahe’s 1598 list 1602 list 1627 list Const seq # Degree Arcmin Degree Arcmin V Mag 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403

318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

19 24 23 25 28 0 3 0 25 27 27 27 9 13 25 24 13 15 22 0 1 3 9 21 17 28 21 6 8 5 1 29 14 18 19 23 26 25 12 21 23 19 23 3

44.5 42.5 50 2 0 38 38.5 32.5 56 10 7 26 34 43.5 25.5 45 56.5 4.5 33 55 36 10 56.5 12 43.5 10 2 17 10 0 57 42 12 55 57 22 9 19 16 29 55 49 17 58

47 51 42 45 46 42 38 34 29 28 33 36 49 45 51 47 29 28 35 26 24 54 56 54 40 41 33 17 20 20 20 23 21 25 24 21 20 24 40 58 47 47 46 47

44.5 36.5 30 3 21.5 36 15.5 34.5 15.5 38 30 6 40 3.5 37 6.5 51.5 45 14 14 54 18 22 25 6 30 1 55 42 5 51 41 53 4 50 28 44 58 30 8 14 30 50 55

4 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 5 5 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 (continued)

58

4


Table 4.1 (continued) Star Ecliptic longitude Ecliptic latitude Brahe’s 1598 list 1602 list 1627 list Const seq # Degree Arcmin Degree Arcmin V Mag 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378

69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112

UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Cep Cep Cep Cep

49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 2 3 4

6 6 6 19 18 25 16 1 18 4 6 19 22 17 24 20 9 28 12 15 27 15 19 26 6 1 5 29 6 28 28 26 7 12 29 29 2 10 4 1 0 7 27 8

0 30 19 5 1 42 2 41 56.5 14.5 19.5 3 24 4 31 33.5 29 33 26.5 21 47 18 40.5 44 34.5 28 31 44.5 26 21 22 51.5 55 28.5 22 17 10.5 26 37.5 4 13 13 53.5 29

48 49 49 49 49 48 52 35 76 78 75 80 75 81 77 79 80 81 82 78 79 83 80 80 83 83 84 81 86 83 81 84 78 74 71 65 66 61 57 77 71 68 62 61

40 42 42 0 27 11 25 40 17 15.5 21 21.5 3.5 53 57 51.5 53.5 51 49 9.5 25 5 38 54 4.5 28.5 48 4.5 53 18 41 46 32 11.5 4 18 36 33 7 31.5 7 54 35 3

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 (continued)

59



0 0 0 0 0 0 0 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405

113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156

Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB Her

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1

7 13 29 29 18 27 24 24 25 26 1 13 18 27 22 18 17 27 13 12 13 18 26 27 27 28 29 27 29 29 1 27 2 11 12 6 3 3 8 9 11 13 13 10

53.5 39 21 54 46 33 23 9.5 33 59.5 18 5.5 43.5 29.5 29.5 16 17.5 26.5 42 25 37 39 13.5 11 52 11 40 53 16 34.5 26.5 32 35 49 33 38.5 37 10.5 2 14.5 25 32 2 31

59 58 71 74 65 75 64 58 58 60 54 49 54 49 40 42 42 27 28 26 25 31 30 31 33 40 40 42 41 45 46 53 54 60 60 44 46 48 50 44 44 46 48 37

59 46 49 0.5 42 27 28 53 51 5 40 33.5 15.5 1 40 11 35.5 57 9 33 14 2.5 27.5 22 52 14.5 31.5 16 55 6 52 27.5 0 40 57 23 8 25 21 33 52 9.5 24 23

4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 4 4 6 6 2 4 5 6 4 4 4 6 3 (continued)

60

4



406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449

157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6

25 23 20 9 14 19 27 23 23 26 2 6 7 9 22 14 7 11 18 23 17 8 5 2 16 2 27 9 13 12 16 24 25 13 13 16 16 20 25 29 7 19 29 10

27.5 36 6.5 10 22 36 19 57 38 2 45.5 21.5 19 47.5 56 17 5.5 7 0 8.5 39.5 43.5 57 43 32 28.5 6 43 14 26 10.5 32.5 2 16.5 3.5 11 20 52 44 20 33 25 53.5 53

42 40 37 47 49 51 52 53 52 53 53 59 60 60 60 69 71 71 71 60 63 65 63 64 62 60 57 61 62 60 59 60 59 56 55 55 54 58 49 50 54 57 59 64

48 5.5 19 47 23 16.5 19 46 47 10.5 21 38 11.5 13.5 47 22 20 13.5 5 22.5 14 55 51 23 29 15.5 15.5 47.5 27 26 26 46 41 5 16 6 31.5 6 2 42 19 9.5 56.5 28

3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 6 6 9 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 5 5 4 5 5 3 6 3 6 5 3 5 4 3 2 3 (continued)

61



450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484

201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244

Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

13 12 9 22 24 27 0 5 22 24 3 4 4 19 24 13 28 28 18 13 16 29 2 4 8 12 19 26 6 5 24 7 29 25 25 19 22 22 21 12 10 6 29 29

21 39.5 36.5 9.5 18 43 32 21.5 50 34.5 3.5 53.5 33 57 49.5 31 44 22 15 18 15 35 17.5 38 27.5 21 13.5 39 14.5 16 39 6 35.5 34 32 28 21 23 58 57.5 0 52 10 32

69 71 73 49 51 43 54 56 63 64 50 51 38 66 68 69 25 35 53 69 55 44 46 47 48 46 47 48 43 43 49 52 51 51 52 52 56 54 52 44 45 47 45 41

42 31 50.5 26 41.5 44 59 36 37 17.5 33 31 39 15 52 35 11 35 12 42 30 40.5 35.5 5 46 22 29 54 6.5 28 24.5 14 14.5 8 39 48 13 27 8.5 57.5 4.5 31.5 38 15

4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 0 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 4 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (continued)

62

4



485 486 487 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508

245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288

Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

27 26 25 1 6 0 6 17 27 2 3 0 0 26 0 27 4 29 7 10 9 20 6 18 23 24 19 21 23 26 27 28 29 22 20 20 19 18 6 4 3 5 6 8

57 56 54.5 46 12 11 45 17 19 33 0 45 57 15 10 45 13 58 54 14 37 58 54 31 9.5 26.5 4.5 50 33 17 4.5 13.5 15 6 37 31 18 20 13.5 11.5 55 14 0 1

41 39 38 53 53 52 59 35 35 34 30 44 45 45 54 56 56 59 60 62 62 63 53 39 37 34 31 34 30 30 27 27 27 26 22 20 20 21 28 28 26 26 24 18

25.5 15.5 9 16 32 4 8 50 48 49 22 10 32 32 43 15 55 18 7 4 46 17 45 0.5 28.5 30 34.5 26 36.5 5 59 55 14 4 22 54 33 35 22.5 50 11 39 35 56

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 6 4 3 4 5 4 2 5 5 3 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 6 5 (continued)

63



509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 0 0 0 0 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 541 542 543 544

289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332

Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5

28 0 29 25 27 26 2 16 2 4 4 6 23 24 16 25 24 13 13 13 11 24 16 16 14 17 12 22 22 22 16 18 10 10 27 22 23 19 21 16 19 21 4 6

11 8 23.5 33 36 45 32 16 18 12 41 25 38 14 16 52 28 9 5.5 49.5 4.5 25.5 52.5 6 58 9 0 12.5 24 35 39.5 34 4.5 31 47 58 58 52.5 55 50 45 5 59.5 16

22 19 14 12 11 42 29 20 45 48 49 53 32 30 22 21 13 20 18 18 10 27 18 16 15 14 15 15 15 13 11 8 14 14 6 4 2 2 1 35 28 26 32 31

6 4 53.5 8 17.5 26 31 53 10 7 27 37 15 50 50.5 27.5 44 52 8.5 11.5 22 27 34.5 59 21.5 4 3 42.5 43 49 15 51 51 2 4 6 26 28 6 57 1 11 35.5 56

4 3 5 4 3 5 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 4 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 (continued)

64

4



545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566

333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376

Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0 26 27 19 24 25 12 3 14 26 16 14 18 19 18 0 24 24 24 25 14 15 16 17 17 16 21 0 15 19 20 19 11 14 17 14 15 16 12 16 18 20 24 0

3 44.5 57 33 13.5 14.5 24 39 23 31 48 49 57 48 45 57 30 38 53 58 1 42 23 12 36 50 45 7 0 2 4 5 35 24.5 6.5 21.5 10 32 46.5 30 46.5 26.5 34.5 12.5

23 17 16 15 13 15 7 11 2 33 26 10 8 10 15 13 27 26 24 26 2 1 0 0 0 7 4 23 10 8 10 15 38 39 35 34 37 42 28 25 24 16 19 20

39.5 19 30.5 19 47 20 18 30 12 2.5 36.5 21 4 35 18 19 55 23 50 10 16 32 20 29 58 10 20 34 18 5 40 6 12 6.5 25 27.5 28.5 37 58 35 5.5 26.5 57 37.5

4 3 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 3 (continued)

65



567 568 569 570 571 572 0 0 0 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 0 0 0 0 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603

377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420

Ser Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Equ Equ Equ Equ Peg Peg

13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 1 2

10 1 27 28 25 25 0 1 23 29 26 26 25 25 26 21 22 14 12 9 9 29 20 19 18 24 11 10 8 9 9 10 11 13 13 10 9 10 17 19 17 18 26 1

10 32 55 31 30.5 39 13 36 57 28.5 53 9 33 26 8.5 16.5 14 15.5 44 12 17.5 21.5 17.5 17 1 50 46 29 32 48 42 56 50.5 36.5 52 17 18 42 32.5 54.5 54 54.5 22 15.5

26 39 38 39 38 38 42 44 46 27 26 29 30 31 31 28 26 36 37 43 41 18 20 14 24 21 17 16 29 28 27 31 33 32 32 32 30 30 20 21 25 24 22 16

59 13 58.5 31 53 18 43 2 3 8.5 49.5 21.5 54.5 18 59 46.5 35 16.5 40 32.5 5 48 14.5 28 56 38 41 57 8 52.5 34 57.5 5 0 47 8.5 41.5 41 12.5 6 16 52 7.5 25

3 4 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 6 3 2 6 3 5 4 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 6 6 3 3 3 3 5 6 6 4 4 4 4 3 4 (continued)

66

4



604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 0 0 0 0 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643

421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464

Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

29 13 12 10 12 3 8 14 17 18 20 19 25 27 17 23 3 6 24 28 15 8 17 15 14 15 16 10 11 14 12 15 16 24 24 23 8 9 6 5 3 0 24 16

45.5 0 44 39.5 25 23 50 3 29.5 53.5 10.5 25 33 6 56.5 49 38 28 51 47 15 47 6.5 25 58 45.5 7 28 46 23 47 9 53.5 49 6.5 36 39 6.5 52 6 23 56 0 19.5

15 14 15 17 18 36 34 41 28 29 35 34 25 24 19 31 12 20 33 36 23 25 27 23 31 33 32 40 41 42 43 17 15 25 30 32 27 36 35 28 27 36 57 24

43 30.5 43.5 41 29 42.5 19 0.5 49 24.5 7.5 24.5 35 50.5 26 7.5 35 51 21 11 16 42 6.5 3.5 33 20.5 14.5 56.5 44 8 49.5 48 58 59 33.5 30.5 46.5 49.5 21.5 59 54.5 20 19 20

5 6 6 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 6 6 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 2 4 4 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 3 (continued)

67



644 645 646 647 527 540 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508

Tri Tri Tri Tri Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Tau Tau Tau Tau

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 3 4

1 6 7 7 18 28 18 18 19 18 18 18 21 20 22 28 27 24 28 27 28 2 2 3 27 8 12 15 16 17 11 9 9 7 8 1 10 11 12 12 18 17 16 15

19 49.5 59 58 17 15 42 46 19 25 48.5 0 10 51 52 58.5 49.5 17 15 37 23 6 34 20 57 36 57 15 24 50.5 22 35 23 52 46 41 35 23 40 51 0 30 18 35.5

16 20 19 18 28 28 27 27 27 25 26 23 25 24 24 32 31 30 28 7 8 9 7 5 5 6 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 4 9 10 11 10 12 5 7 8 9

49.5 33 29 57 25 32 23.5 20 7 51 7 30 16 56 0.5 46 42 16 32 8.5 29 57 23 42.5 24 7 8.5 46.5 50 36 12 7 30 39 1 13 50.5 16 24 25.5 57 29 49.5 22.5

4 4 5 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 6 6 5 6 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 3 4 5 6 4 4 (continued)

68

4



26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552

Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 1 2 3 4 5

21 25 27 24 4 3 0 1 2 4 2 8 12 11 19 6 16 2 2 27 0 0 29 2 2 23 24 24 24 19 0 1 1 3 4 15 16 17 29 14 17 5 9 13

46 1 59 19 9 11 12 16.5 22 12.5 53 12 13.5 4 12 35 59.5 54 38 51 28.5 4 45.5 34 25.5 13.5 3 24 47 57 10 58.5 42 28 55 2 55.5 33 22.5 41 43 32 54 24

8 8 12 14 9 11 5 4 5 5 2 3 2 1 2 0 5 1 0 1 0 5 7 3 5 4 4 4 3 13 12 8 6 7 6 1 1 9 6 10 6 10 7 5

41 3 13.5 30.5 32 48 46.5 2 53 31 36.5 40 30.5 49.5 14 40 20 4 35 12 46.5 16 55 57 45.5 11 2 0 55 30 2 41 56.5 4.5 17.5 4 20 34.5 33 2 38 58 43 42.5

5 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 1 3 6 6 4 3 5 2 5 4 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 3 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 2 2 5 4 4 (continued)

69



70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 0 0 0 0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596

Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5

15 18 13 14 4 9 12 13 27 29 1 3 5 7 6 8 19 17 13 25 17 18 19 21 1 29 0 1 3 8 0 23 25 25 28 6 10 5 7 9 12 15 15 21

47 6 18 10 22 26 56 13 53 44 14 31 29.5 56 23 37.5 42 4.5 29 22 2.5 6 30.5 28 46.5 49 9.5 57 8 3.5 44 56 4 45.5 12.5 47.5 36 27 36.5 41.5 16.5 51 5 57.5

5 3 2 6 2 2 0 5 0 0 3 6 10 9 1 1 5 7 9 0 5 3 2 0 1 1 0 3 0 5 10 1 7 2 1 1 5 7 5 10 7 12 9 11

10 3 56 0.5 11 6.5 13.5 41 58 53 8 48.5 9 41 12 31 44 24 42 13 52 48.5 42 57.5 14 31.5 47.5 8 4 8 23 15.5 5 18.5 4 54 36 14 20 23 52 21 40 50

5 4 6 6 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 4 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 6 6 6 6 9 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 6 6 5 6 6 4 4 4 3 3 (continued)

70

4



110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640

Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

23 22 24 24 21 17 16 18 23 0 22 2 4 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 19 16 16 16 0 16 15 18 26 29 4 13 8 8 9 17 18 22 21 21 29 4 9 12

59 20 17 50.5 43.5 54.5 7 40 46 48 24 6 5 14 41 50 8 58.5 8.5 57 27 3 32 1.5 14 13 53 50 22.5 57 54.5 22 58 30 20 44 33 7 58 32 16 35.5 28.5 37

8 4 0 1 0 0 3 3 3 0 2 5 2 12 14 9 7 6 1 0 3 12 4 5 10 10 7 5 17 16 16 17 1 0 2 6 4 8 6 0 1 2 2 1

47 52 26.5 25.5 0.5 16 10 47 55 8 10 56 49.5 53 20 41.5 50.5 7 40 33 2.5 18 48 43 17 47.5 39 41 40 30 47 19 20.5 9.5 29 6.5 37 33.5 10 43 25 50 23.5 45

2 3 1 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 5 2 3 6 3 4 4 4 1 6 5 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 6 4 (continued)

71



144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 0 0 0 0

641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684

Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

5 29 1 4 18 15 17 21 19 24 27 28 28 29 1 4 1 21 27 8 10 14 22 22 6 10 14 17 19 20 9 8 13 9 12 16 19 21 19 15 22 25 24 24

55 53 52 23.5 16 22.5 58.5 9.5 44 44 49 9 51 51.5 22 30 21 37.5 45.5 25 11 46 11 56.5 38 39 8.5 13 35 35.5 31 42 48 40.5 26.5 19 33 48.5 27 46 11 3.5 16 48

8 13 11 16 1 8 3 1 0 2 11 7 2 11 0 9 10 9 4 16 12 12 13 3 3 3 3 7 9 6 0 1 8 8 1 2 4 4 2 8 0 0 3 6

41 36.5 37 15.5 59 10 11 45.5 19.5 24.5 2.5 18.5 57.5 48 31.5 49 26 40.5 59.5 14 40.5 34.5 7.5 22.5 25 23 13.5 51 16 16 26 55 35 18.5 14 58.5 28 4 21 7 2.5 7 33 10

3 5 6 3 1 3 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 2 4 5 6 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 (continued)

72

4



0 0 0 0 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217

685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728

Lib Lib Lib Lib Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap

15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

25 27 15 15 27 26 27 27 29 28 2 4 5 0 0 27 6 4 7 9 10 12 13 14 19 22 19 16 28 28 28 27 28 29 29 27 2 2 1 2 6 11 12 9

41.5 19 27 17 36 59 25 43.5 3.5 7 11 13 53 46.5 47.5 41.5 51 40 56.5 28 43 44 54.5 11 8.5 52.5 24 26 18 51 31 8 57 41 37 13 49 6 47 28 13 24.5 0 23

9 10 7 1 1 1 5 8 1 0 3 4 5 6 2 2 3 3 1 0 1 3 4 6 5 5 1 3 7 6 4 7 0 0 1 0 3 0 6 9 8 6 6 4

19 57 37 48 5 54.5 22.5 27.5 42 14 55 27 50 37.5 0 27.5 31 50 44.5 59 31 6.5 17 9.5 8 12 25 8 2 53 41 16 48.5 28 20 24 25 15 58 2 8 56 29 25

4 5 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 5 4 1 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 6 4 5 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 6 9 9 6 9 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 (continued)

73



218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261

729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772

Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

7 7 8 12 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 19 22 27 26 17 18 10 7 6 1 3 3 4 27 28 29 23 3 3 29 26 29 3 6 9 11 11 10 11 11 14 14 13

31 18 21 7 25 6 14 0 14 27 16 54 26.5 49.5 36 51 38 51 28.5 12 10 4.5 23 53 45 31 53 13 22 5 40 55.5 50 52 4 0 38 33 43 11 14.5 7 38 3

4 3 0 1 4 4 2 2 2 0 0 4 15 10 9 8 6 4 8 8 8 10 8 8 2 2 1 2 8 5 5 10 9 4 0 1 1 2 3 4 4 10 11 14

27 1 29 16.5 48 49 26 29 22 14.5 10 17 23 42 11.5 42 0.5 50 19 10 17.5 31 52.5 10 46 29.5 10 0 10 37 40 48.5 57.5 8.5 19.5 24 0 49 58.5 10.5 44 59 33 29

6 5 5 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 6 6 6 3 5 3 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 4 4 6 5 4 3 5 6 5 6 4 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 (continued)

74

4



262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305

773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816

Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

13 14 7 8 9 4 4 3 28 13 15 17 19 21 17 21 27 28 2 8 11 14 12 13 17 19 21 23 22 21 21 21 23 22 19 18 17 17 18 18 23 20 19 24

46 44 54.5 21 50 25 2 17 11.5 2 50.5 30.5 42 56.5 21 5 2 27 29 36 58 19 25 46 33 56 57.5 47.5 12 16 16 36.5 15 49.5 22.5 6.5 3.5 56.5 2.5 9 18 58.5 0 11

15 16 14 15 16 14 15 15 21 9 7 8 9 7 4 3 6 7 5 2 1 0 1 4 3 4 7 9 1 1 5 9 22 20 20 19 20 13 12 11 17 15 12 18

16.5 23 45 30 31 25.5 40 53 0 4 17.5 54.5 3 13.5 27 25 23.5 27 28 11 5.5 57.5 31 19.5 3 40.5 56 4.5 38.5 51.5 21 24 0 43 55 24 24 21 21.5 21 26 30 27.5 31

6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 4 6 6 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 (continued)

75



306 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690

817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860

Psc Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori

36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

21 9 8 3 2 1 6 28 24 24 28 27 12 13 16 10 6 25 26 12 15 2 18 18 18 23 15 16 25 28 27 26 27 28 23 25 18 17 16 15 7 8 8 8

41 31 47 53.5 2 54 7 29.5 9 32.5 11.5 47.5 25 50 25 42.5 11.5 23 56 45 4.5 49.5 11.5 6.5 33.5 12 23 47 4.5 30.5 23.5 21 22 8.5 9 21.5 56.5 40 46 34 53 48 10 0.5

23 7 12 12 14 5 5 4 25 28 28 25 25 31 20 15 16 10 20 14 21 9 13 13 14 16 16 17 14 11 9 8 7 7 3 3 19 19 19 20 8 9 11 12

3 50 37 2.5 32 52 36 19 17 31 16.5 58 1 4 19 46.5 55 1 47 30 55 12.5 26 54 4.5 6 53 22 51 30 15 44 20.5 19 12.5 21 17.5 36.5 52.5 8.5 17 7 6 25.5

6 4 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 5 5 4 4 5 5 2 2 5 4 6 4 4 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 5 4 4 6 4 (continued)

76

4



691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 711 712 713 714

861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904

Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Eri Eri Eri Eri

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 2 3 4

6 6 6 6 7 16 17 19 14 17 17 17 16 18 11 12 14 20 18 14 14 13 14 11 19 22 24 13 11 11 28 2 2 1 2 4 2 6 7 14 9 9 7 5

49 23 33 58 57 50.5 54 6.5 37.5 28 24.5 27.5 20 23 17 15.5 2 49.5 39 34 45 59 57 58 45 25.5 10 36.5 33.5 0 44 43 22 8 58 50 58 36 14.5 0 40 42 39 29.5

13 15 16 20 20 23 24 25 25 28 28 29 30 30 31 29 31 33 26 19 24 23 21 20 21 21 22 11 13 14 29 29 28 18 15 13 18 14 20 22 31 27 29 27

3.5 27 50 2 55.5 38 33.5 21.5 36.5 9.5 45 17 37.5 38 11.5 53 0 8 0.5 40 6 32 23 8 58 39 57 45 8 24 31 49 4 47 56.5 15 24 59 33 47 35.5 54.5 52 51.5

4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 5 3 3 4 5 1 4 5 3 4 6 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 5 (continued)

77



715 716 717 718 719 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 0

905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948

Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMi CMi CMi

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3

3 1 18 15 15 12 3 5 8 23 23 24 27 16 20 10 10 12 12 9 6 15 14 19 21 20 23 26 8 11 11 14 12 6 1 15 12 17 15 1 24 16 20 16

45.5 14.5 18 22.5 7 45 10 36 16 49 53 58 46 25.5 7 14.5 20.5 27 14 49 25.5 49.5 6.5 21.5 36 26.5 27.5 22 35.5 1.5 27 6 3 32.5 42.5 30.5 36.5 55 21.5 7 11.5 39.5 18.5 49

25 25 33 31 28 27 24 23 25 30 27 28 25 18 22 34 35 35 36 39 45 41 43 45 44 38 37 38 39 34 36 38 39 42 41 46 46 48 51 51 51 13 15 12

34 11.5 13.5 9 46.5 47 34 58.5 59 25 32 9.5 3 26 45 34 54 18 14 4 0 5.5 57.5 49.5 18 16 40.5 26 30 50 43 2.5 30 12.5 18.5 9.5 39.5 30 24.5 46.5 24.5 33.5 57 51

4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 5 3 4 5 2 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 6 (continued)

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4



0 0 749 750 751 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 0 0 0 0 0 771 772 773 0 0 0 0

949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992

CMi CMi Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hyd Hya Hya Hya Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt

4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

16 20 5 0 28 4 4 12 12 10 29 4 23 5 6 6 7 9 11 14 20 22 19 21 27 0 2 3 9 12 14 4 23 23 21 19 28 18 23 21 20 23 28 0

42.5 57.5 53.5 35.5 0 6.5 27 26.5 51.5 1.5 26 20.5 44 39.5 46 48 22.5 0.5 51.5 41.5 11.5 4 53.5 45.5 12 9 48 53 31.5 41.5 51 45.5 1.5 49 24 24 44 13 43 10.5 27 2 30 33

9 10 43 44 47 32 38 32 30 24 21 22 30 14 14 11 11 11 11 13 15 14 16 22 26 26 23 21 24 23 21 12 25 30 13 14 10 22 19 17 13 11 18 16

46 19.5 18.5 58.5 28 7 31 56 18 29.5 39.5 29.5 30 37 16.5 8 36 1 5.5 5 0 17.5 46 24 33.5 12 13 51 38 31 48.5 27 36 17 43 37 19 41 39 25 10 17 10 2

6 5 3 3 3 4 4 6 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 6 4 5 4 5 1 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 6 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 (continued)

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Star Ecliptic longitude Ecliptic latitude Brahe’s 1598 list 1602 list 1627 list Const seq # Degree Arcmin Degree Arcmin V Mag 993 994 995 996 997 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 94 675 913

0 774 775 776 777 768 769 770 0 0 0 0 0 771 772 773 0 0 0 0 0 774 775 776 777 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

993 994 995 996 997 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 0 0 0

Crt Crv Crv Crv Crv Hya Hya Hya Hya Hyd Hya Hya Hya Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Cen Cen Cen Cen Gem Oph Eri

8 1 2 3 4 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 30 38 20

24 6 5 7 11 12 14 4 23 23 21 19 28 18 23 21 20 23 28 0 24 6 5 7 11 6 8 8 1 0 0 1 23 12 15

55 8 13 55 49 41.5 51 45.5 1.5 49 24 24 44 13 43 10.5 27 2 30 33 55 8 13 55 49 38 14 21.5 27 59 12 3 54 24 23

14 19 14 12 17 23 21 12 25 30 13 14 10 22 19 17 13 11 18 16 14 19 14 12 17 21 18 11 21 19 20 20 1 7 31

9 39 25 7 59 31 48.5 27 36 17 43 37 19 41 39 25 10 17 10 2 9 39 25 7 59 46 14 28 49 8 51 12 18.5 18 9

5 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 4 5 3 6 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 3 4

The first catalog contains 1,044 stars from Tycho Brahe’s original manuscript of 1598 and published by J. L. Dreyer in the Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera Volume III (Kopenhagen, 1916), the second catalog contains Tycho Brahe’s edited edition containing 777 stars published in the Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata 1602, and the third star catalog is the full listing of 1,044 stars (with variants) published by Johannes Kepler in the Tabulae Rudolphinae in 1627. This historical catalog data was provided by the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg

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Otte Brahe became enraged with his brother threatening him to get his first son back. After a few years had passed, and the birth of several more children, Otte and Beate Brahe relinquished and allowed the childless Jørgen Brahe and his wife to adopt Tycho. When Tycho was seven his uncle began reading him for a career in the court. At the age of 13 Tycho enrolled in the University of Copenhagen to study philosophy and law. During his time studying at the University a predicted partial solar eclipse occurred on schedule, this event made a deep impression on his life. Brahe became obsessed with Astronomy. He purchased a copy of Ptolemy’s Almagest written in Latin. He also purchased the Alfonsine tables1 and a set of tables based on Copernicus’ theory so he could also predict the occurrence of astronomical events. At the age of 16 Tycho spent much of the time from 1562 to 1576 travelling in Germany with his tutor Anders Vedel,2 studying law at the Universities of Leipzig, Wittenberg, and Rostock. During this time Tycho would hide his books and his instruments from his tutor and stayed up late into the night observing the stars. When he was 17 there was another predicted astronomical event, the planets Saturn and Jupiter were supposed to pass very near each other. To Tycho’s surprise the event occurred on August 17th, 1563, the Alfonsine tables were several months off and the Copernican tables were several days off. He found these errors to be totally unacceptable and decided to take it upon himself to create more accurate tables. Tycho undertook the study astronomy with Bartholomew Schultz at Leipzig. Schultz would teach Tycho how to obtain very accurate observations. Tycho learned that accurate observations required high quality instruments. Meanwhile, Tycho’s adopted father died of pneumonia. His real father and mother would inherit his uncle’s estate since he was still underage. When he returned home his family realized he had given up his career in law and were very bitter towards him. He then returned to Germany and his studies in Astronomy. During his return an unfortunate incident occurred. During his visit to the University of Rostock he got into an argument with another young Danish student by the name of Manderupius. The argument was reported to be about who was a better mathematician. After a very heated argument they begin the trade insults. A duel was arranged with swords. Manderupius was swinging wildly when he swung his sword and cut off Tycho’s nose. He made two fake noses to hide his disfigurement, one with brass and putty and one with silver and gold. He must have been a very colorful figure with his red hair, long red mustache and beard, blue eyes and gold nose. When Tycho returned to Germany he convinced a group of amateur astronomers that more accurate observations were necessary. With their help he constructed a large quadrant with a 19 ft radius capable of measuring a position within a 60th of

1

The Alfonsine tables containing data for computing the position of the Sun, planets and the moon. They were prepared by groups of astronomers and scholars around 1,252–1,270. They are named after Alfonso X of Castille who ordered their creation. 2 Anders Vedel became Demark’s first great historian.


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a degree. This was the start of Tyco’s fame in compiling the world’s most accurate measurements of his time. In 1572 a “new star” (supernova3) appeared in the night sky brighter than Venus in the constellation of Cassiopeia. The star was so bright it could be seen during the day. It would appear in the sky for 18 months. Tycho was not the first to see the star but he did provide the most accurate measurement. He had just finished the construction of a new sextant with arms that were 5½ ft long. It was built with a huge brass hinge and a scale calibrated to a 60th of a degree. Tycho further refined the measurement by keeping a table of errors found during testing of the device to be used to adjust the final measurements. His equipment was so far advanced above others he was able to settle an argument to whether the new star moved against the background of other stars. The star prompted Tycho’s first publication to describe his observations. In 1576, he was ready to move to Basle, to continue his astronomical studies, when he received a generous offer from King Frederick II. He received the island of Hven for his own private fiefdom. With royal backing, Tycho would construct a home and observatory he called Uraniborg. With the aid of several skilled craftsmen a variety of enormous instruments were constructed with remarkable precision. These instruments were used by Tycho to make his observations of the comets, stars, and planets. Uraniborg would even include its own press for printing the scientific works produced by Tycho. The collection of instruments and visiting astronomers and scholars would make Uraniborg the foremost scientific institute in the world. In 1588, Tycho used his private press to publish the book, De Mundi Aetherei Recentioribus Phaenomenis, on the comet that had appeared. The eighth chapter of this book also contained Tycho’s view of the system of the world. In Tycho’s view he had the earth as the unmoving center of the universe, but had all of the other planets orbiting of the Sun. Some of the other works Tycho created are the Astronomiae instauratae mechanica (1598), an illustrated description of how he constructed his instruments and observatories, and the Astronomiae instauratae progymnasmata (1602), containing his theory of lunar and solar motions, a portion of his star catalog of stars, and a his investigation of the supernova of 1572. Tycho’s royal support changed when King Ferdinand died in 1588. His replacement, King Christian was very young and did not see the importance of supporting an astronomer on a distant island. Over the years Tycho’s funding and royal diminished as King Christian IV’s gained his political majority forced Tycho to pack as many of his instruments he could and he and his family left Denmark in 1597. By1599 he had settled near Prague, after receiving an appointment as an Imperial Mathematician by Emperor Rudolph II. At this same time a mathematician was going through similar difficulties. The Archduke Ferdinand of Hapsburg was closing down Lutheran institutions to cleanse the Austrian provinces of heresy.

3

The supernova SN 1572 is known today as Tycho’s Supernova or Tycho’s Nova. It can be found at 0 h 25.3 min right ascension and +64° 09c declination in the constellation of Cassiopeia.

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Tycho Brahe would invite one of the students by the name of Johannes Kepler to work with him in Prague. When Kepler arrived in Prague he found it was not easy working with the great astronomer. Tycho was very secretive about his data and had his own strong ideas about the model of the solar system. But Kepler did not have to wait long. In the next year Tycho attended a banquet and became very ill. A few days later Tycho would die in agony. His death is still a controversy today. According to Kepler’s he died because he refused to insult his host by excusing himself to use the bathroom and he ruptured his bladder. Modern day forensics performed on his hair indicates he died of a massive dose of mercury.

Chapter 5

The Johannes Hevelius Catalog

There are many forms of Johannes Hevelius’s name, including Hevel, Hövel, Hewel, Höfelcke, Hewelcke, Höwelcke, Höfelius, Hövelius, Höwelius, and Heweliusz. Today he is known as Johannes Hevelius (1611–1687). Johannes Hevelius’s father was Abraham Höwelcke (1576–1649) and his mother was Cordelia Hecker (1576–1655). His family were the owners of a profitable brewery and several houses. He was a member of a large family, with three brothers and six sisters. He was the only son to survive childhood. The family lived in the city of Danzig under control of Poland. Johannes entered the Gymnasium (European secondary school) in Danzig when he was 7 years old. While enrolled in the Gymnasium he showed an exceptional talent for mathematics. His mathematics teacher, Peter Krüger, also had an interest in astronomy. Hevelius soon began to take private lesson from Krüger learning theoretical astronomy as well as the construction of astronomical instruments. When Hevelius reached the age of 19 he left for University of Leyden in Holland to study law. During his voyage to Holland there was an eclipse of the Sun. Later in his life he would publish the observations he made of the eclipse. While he studied law at Leyden he took advantage of the opportunity to study optics and mechanics. After studying a year at Leyden he began to travel through Europe, visiting many well-known astronomers. In 1634 Hevelius’s plans were canceled when his parents sent a message to him to return home. Being the only remaining son his parents wanted him to take over the family brewery. Upon returning to his hometown of Danzig Hevelius undertook the studies he needed to be admitted to the Brewer’s Guild and took over running the family business. In 1635 he married Katharina Rebeschke, the daughter of a wealthy merchant. As he settled down to family life and running the brewery his old teacher Krüger was nearing death. He visited his teacher, who encouraged him not to give up astronomy. Shortly after his visit in June 1639 there was another eclipse of the Sun. J.D. Cavin, The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs, Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0656-3_5, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

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Fig. 5.1 An engraving of Johannes Hevelius from book edited by Charles Leeson Prince, The Illustrated Account Given by Hevelius in his “Machina Celestis” of the Method and Mounting his Telescopes and Erecting an Observatory (1882)

The visit to his teacher and the solar eclipse fully revived his interest. For the rest of his life he remained dedicated to astronomy.1 The day-to-day duties of running a brewery took up much of his time. To devote more time to astronomy his wife Katharina stepped in to run the brewery. Hevelius began to construct the equipment that turned the observatory in his home into a world-class astronomical facility. One of the first objects he observed with his instruments was the Moon. He used his newly constructed 12-foot telescope to create drawings of the Moon’s surface. He also discovered and documented the Moon’s libration in longitude. The libration in longitude is caused by the eccentricity of the Moon’s orbit around Earth, so that the rotation of the Moon sometimes leads and sometimes lags in its orbital position. In 1647 he published the Selenographia containing 60 drawings of the Moon. The drawings of the Moon’s features were so detailed astronomers used Hevelius’s book as a reference for over 100 years.


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On September 26, 1679, Hevelius’s home and observatory were destroyed in a fire. This would be severe blow to anyone who had spent a lifetime of constructing his own instruments and collecting data. By August of 1681 Hevelius quickly rebuilt his observatory so he could continue his work. He would also dedicate the new constellation of Sextans to the memory of his destroyed instruments. A description of the fire can be found in the preface of his book Annus climactericus, published in 1685. The book contained a description of the observations he made with his wife after the observatory was rebuilt. He then continued working on the second volume of Machina Coelestis, published in 1679, as his copies were destroyed in the fire. Luckily he had sent a few copies to his friends. In March 1662 Hevelius’s first wife Katharina died. The next year he married the 16-year-old daughter of a fellow Danzig merchant, Catherina Elisabetha Koopman. Unlike his first wife, Elisabetha had a real passion for astronomy. She was able to make use of his instruments to take measurements and perform calculations with the observed data. Hevelius gained a reputation for his observations across Europe through his correspondence with the leading astronomers in Europe, including Flamsteed and Halley in England and Gassendi and Boulliau in France. In 1663 he was awarded a pension by the French government and was elected into the Royal Society of London in 1664. At one point Hevelius became involved in a dispute with Robert Hooke, the English natural philosopher. The argument concerned Hevelius’s observations without the use of a telescope sight and whether they had any scientific value. Hooke learned of Hevelius’s methods of using naked-eye observations in the Machina Coelestis (1673). The feud between Hevelius and Hooke became so intense that on May 26, 1679, the Royal Society sent a young Edmond Halley to try and resolve the dispute. Upon arrival Hevelius gave Halley a warm welcome and together they set about planning how to demonstrate the accuracy of Hevelius’s naked-eye observations. To perform his measurements Halley used a 2-foot quadrant with telescopic sights. The results of the test were inconclusive. The dispute would continue between Hooke and Hevelius. Although Hooke was right scientifically, and we now recognize that telescopic sights provide far more accurate coordinates than naked-eye observations, the manner in which Hooke expressed himself in the argument did not win him many friends. At the end two of the secretaries of the Royal Society resigned because of the Hooke and Hevelius feud that appeared publically in the Philosophical Transactions. Hevelius became ill in November 1686. He died 12 weeks later, on his birthday, and was buried in St Catherine’s Church in Danzig. Catherina published three books posthumously containing Hevelius’s notes and observations. The first of the books, Prodromus astronomiae (1690), contained previously unpublished observations. The second book, Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum, contained his catalog of 1,564 stars. The third book, Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia (1687), was an atlas of constellations listed in his catalog (Table 5.1).

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Table 5.1 The Hevelius catalog as published in Prodromus astronomiae (1690) by his wife Elisabeth Koopman Hevelius number Sequence V Mag V Mag RA (2000) Dec (2000) (1690) Constellation number (Hevelius) (modern) “hour:min” “degree:min” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 9 6 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6

2.1 2.1 2.1 3.3 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.3 4.2 3.8 5.0 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 3.9 5.0 5.0 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.5 5.4 6.1 3.4 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.9 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.1 5.4 6.1

00:08.3 01:09.8 02:03.9 00:39.4 00:36.8 00:38.7 00:18.4 00:21.2 00:17.3 23:38.2 23:40.6 23:37.5 23:46.4 23:02.2 00:46.5 00:57.2 00:49.7 00:56.7 01:40.4 01:41.5 01:09.6 01:38.0 01:43.8 00:14.8 23:57.8 23:44.2 22:51.7 23:04.2 23:12.3 23:19.9 00:43.1 00:42.7 00:41.0 01:08.0 01:10.7 01:03.0 01:22.5 01:27.4 01:31.1 01:36.9 01:53.3 02:10.8

+29:09 +35:39 +42:21 +30:54 +33:45 +29:21 +36:48 +38:02 +38:36 +43:17 +44:24 +46:30 +46:26 +42:23 +24:17 +23:25 +41:06 +38:32 +40:36 +42:38 +47:16 +48:38 +50:41 +20:13 +25:06 +29:24 +43:20 +50:05 +49:27 +48:44 +24:12 +41:20 +39:30 +43:55 +42:07 +41:22 +45:32 +45:26 +46:42 +41:29 +40:45 +39:03 (continued)

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The Johannes Hevelius Catalog Table 5.1 (continued) Hevelius number (1690) Constellation

Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)

RA (2000) “hour:min”

Dec (2000) “degree:min”

43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

43 44 45 46 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 4 6 4 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 0 5 6

6.0 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.9 4.0 4.6 5.0 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.3 5.2 4.4 5.6 3.0 2.9 3.8 4.7 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7 3.9 4.8 3.7 4.0 4.2 5.3 4.3 4.8

01:50.8 02:23.1 00:29.2 00:36.7 23:31.1 20:11.2 19:25.4 19:06.2 19:52.4 19:36.7 19:36.8 19:01.7 19:26.4 19:20.5 19:54.5 19:35.6 19:51.0 19:30.6 20:29.6 20:37.8 20:38.3 20:39.4 20:47.7 20:51.8 22:05.7 21:31.5 20:47.8 20:52.7 21:09.4 21:37.7 21:39.5 22:03.2 22:21.6 22:25.6 22:28.8 22:35.4 22:16.7 22:20.1 22:06.4 22:30.6

+51:39 +41:20 +44:25 +44:31 +39:19 −00:46 +03:10 −04:50 +01:04 −01:13 −07:08 −05:41 +00:21 −05:29 −08:10 −10:23 −10:41 −02:48 −02:49 −02:11 −01:03 +00:33 −04:58 −05:28 −00:16 −05:31 −09:26 −08:55 −11:18 −07:49 +02:19 −02:06 −01:20 +01:36 +00:02 −00:03 −07:44 −07:46 −13:48 −10:36

5.2 4.7

22:34.6 22:45.4

−20:37 −18:43

And And And And And Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Atn Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

(continued)

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Table 5.1 (continued) Hevelius number (1690) Constellation

Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

5 3 5 4 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 4 6 6 6 6 6 7 1 3 4 6 6 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 6

4.1 3.3 5.0 3.7 5.4 4.2 4.9 4.2 4.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.8 5.3 5.2 4.0 4.4 4.7 3.7 4.7 4.5 1.2 4.2 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.3 0.8 2.7 3.7 5.5 5.1 5.8 4.4 5.2 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.0 4.7 5.2

22:49.5 22:54.5 22:37.8 22:52.6 23:05.1 23:14.3 23:16.9 23:15.7 23:17.8 23:19.1 23:39.8 23:42.7 23:44.2 23:48.0 23:53.7 23:25.3 23:26.6 23:35.7 23:11.7 23:12.4 23:09.0 22:57.2 22:39.0 23:19.0 23:22.5 21:47.6 21:42.6 22:10.6 22:16.7 19:50.5 19:46.2 19:55.2 20:04.2 19:50.8 19:48.8 19:33.9 19:39.1 18:59.5 18:46.8 18:45.5 19:05.3 19:54.1 19:24.7

−13:31 −15:45 −04:10 −07:32 −07:39 −05:59 −07:40 −09:03 −09:07 −09:34 −14:09 −14:28 −17:45 −18:37 −18:50 −20:00 −20:34 −20:49 −21:06 −22:22 −23:40 −29:32 −26:39 −13:22 −14:57 +02:45 +01:45 −11:30 −12:46 +08:52 +10:41 +06:30 +07:21 +10:28 +11:56 +07:26 +05:28 +15:08 +18:14 +20:37 +13:55 +08:32 +11:57

Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql

(continued)

89


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 2 3 4 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 5 6 5 4 4 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 2 3 3 4 4 4

5.3 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.6 4.9 2.0 2.6 3.9 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.5 4.6 4.3 4.9 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.5 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.9 5.2 0.1 1.9 2.7 2.7 3.7 3.2 3.0

19:17.9 19:19.2 19:07.0 18:59.2 20:23.5 19:42.4 19:56.4 18:54.8 20:14.1 02:07.1 01:54.6 01:53.5 01:57.2 02:06.4 02:12.6 02:18.0 02:38.7 02:42.3 02:49.4 02:56.2 02:44.6 02:51.6 02:59.1 03:11.4 03:14.8 03:21.2 02:41.0 02:43.4 02:47.8 02:49.9 01:57.8 02:09.5 03:22.7 01:42.8 01:48.2 02:44.0 05:16.6 05:59.4 05:59.5 04:57.0 05:02.6 05:06.4 05:01.9

+11:38 +13:25 +11:04 +13:47 +05:25 +11:53 +11:38 +22:41 +15:13 +23:29 +20:50 +19:19 +17:50 +22:39 +21:13 +19:55 +21:56 +20:00 +17:25 +18:04 +15:21 +15:07 +21:22 +19:44 +21:04 +21:09 +27:04 +27:43 +29:16 +27:16 +23:37 +25:58 +20:46 +20:20 +17:01 +13:24 +46:03 +44:57 +37:14 +33:10 +41:04 +41:14 +43:49

Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur

(continued)

90

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 6 6 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4

5.0 3.7 4.3 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.0 5.4 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7 4.0 5.2 5.2 4.8 −0.1 2.3 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.8 4.5 4.8 4.0

05:55.0 05:59.2 05:59.9 05:22.4 05:18.9 05:13.6 05:24.8 04:59.2 04:50.6 04:52.6 05:49.8 05:51.5 05:51.8 05:27.6 05:32.8 06:15.4 05:40.0 05:49.1 05:53.4 05:58.1 05:07.0 05:28.0 06:02.5 05:16.6 05:19.7 05:18.7 05:16.4 05:38.9 05:21.9 05:03.0 05:06.0 05:23.2 06:39.3 14:16.1 14:45.0 13:54.7 15:02.0 15:15.4 14:32.1 14:41.1 14:13.1 14:16.4 14:25.1

+55:42 +54:16 +45:55 +41:48 +40:10 +38:30 +37:20 +37:55 +37:30 +36:44 +39:12 +39:11 +37:18 +34:31 +32:14 +29:33 +25:52 +24:33 +27:36 +25:56 +51:37 +25:58 +42:34 +34:25 +33:48 +33:32 +31:20 +30:13 +29:50 +60:25 +58:59 +57:33 +42:29 +19:25 +27:07 +18:28 +40:24 +33:22 +38:20 +13:46 +51:48 +51:18 +51:54

Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo

(continued)

91


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 4 4 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 7 6 5 5 3

4.2 3.6 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.7 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.6 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.8 4.8 5.7 4.9 5.8 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.6 5.7 4.8 4.3

14:16.5 14:31.7 14:34.5 13:49.5 13:47.5 14:51.3 14:45.2 14:40.6 15:04.5 15:08.2 15:02.0 15:07.2 15:24.4 15:39.2 15:14.5 15:22.9 15:19.8 15:21.7 14:08.8 14:23.4 14:24.3 14:59.6 14:49.7 15:02.9 14:49.8 14:43.2 13:40.8 13:49.7 13:58.8 14:46.3 15:02.8 15:19.0 15:28.5 14:26.3 14:19.6 14:19.1 14:14.9 14:10.2 14:41.5 13:39.7 15:16.2 14:17.9 08:58.4

+46:09 +30:26 +29:47 +15:49 +17:28 +19:09 +17:00 +16:27 +27:00 +26:13 +25:04 +24:56 +37:23 +36:41 +29:11 +30:20 +29:36 +32:58 +43:54 +08:28 +05:52 +39:16 +37:17 +35:13 +28:39 +26:34 +19:59 +21:17 +21:43 +01:55 +02:07 +01:51 +01:55 +19:16 +16:20 +13:03 +10:10 +25:09 +08:12 +10:49 +20:34 +35:38 +11:51

Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Cnc

(continued)

92

5


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

3 9 4 4 6 6 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4

Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc Cnc CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa

V Mag (modern) 3.5 4.7 3.9 5.4 5.2 4.0 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.9 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.9 5.1 4.6 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.2 −1.4 2.0 4.1 1.8 1.5 2.5 3.0 4.1 5.0 4.4 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 3.0




08:16.5 08:40.1 08:43.2 08:44.5 09:02.6 09:09.3 08:46.6 08:07.5 08:12.1 08:32.6 08:31.6 08:23.6 08:57.1 09:07.7 08:04.9 07:46.2 08:41.3 08:44.1 08:37.5 08:25.8 07:29.7 07:25.1 08:10.3 08:20.0 08:26.7 08:36.9 09:17.5 08:59.3 06:45.5 06:22.9 07:04.0 07:08.7 06:58.6 07:24.1 06:20.6 06:54.5 06:56.2 06:56.4 06:55.7 06:36.8 06:32.1 06:35.3 07:03.2

+09:11 +19:42 +21:27 +18:04 +24:27 +22:02 +28:48 +21:35 +17:39 +20:26 +18:05 +18:18 +15:20 +10:40 +13:08 +10:46 +28:01 +10:06 +09:37 +07:36 +12:02 +11:44 +25:38 +27:15 +26:57 +24:00 +14:56 +32:17 −16:35 −17:56 −15:36 −26:22 −28:56 −29:16 −30:02 −12:01 −14:00 −17:02 −20:10 −19:13 −23:24 −22:56 −23:48 (continued)

93


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

5 0 5 4 5 5 5 1 3 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 2 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 4 4 5 4

3.9

06:54.5

−24:08

4.4 3.5 5.3 4.4 4.0 0.4 2.9 4.3 5.0 5.2 5.8

06:38.1 07:01.8 06:46.7 07:18.9 07:14.8 07:39.6 07:27.3 07:28.0 07:25.6 07:32.0 07:34.2 07:55.7 08:03.6 07:28.0 07:51.6 07:58.3 08:02.1 07:56.2 12:56.0 12:33.8 12:15.9 12:25.7 12:16.2 12:35.9 12:50.0 13:05.0 13:19.5 13:10.5 13:14.6 13:46.5 13:17.4 13:19.6 13:34.7 13:37.6 13:51.9 13:46.7 13:45.4 13:18.1 13:34.2 13:56.5 13:00.4

−18:12 −27:54 −14:27 −24:54 −26:38 +05:20 +08:19 +08:56 +09:15 +01:56 +03:16 +05:32 +00:04 +06:57 +01:46 +02:14 +02:19 +08:47 +38:19 +41:20 +40:33 +39:01 +33:03 +33:17 +37:28 +35:58 +35:09 +38:32 +40:12 +25:52 +40:36 +40:12 +37:12 +36:17 +34:29 +38:33 +41:13 +49:42 +49:01 +27:32 +30:49

CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CMi CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn CVn

5.2 5.1 5.3 4.4 5.9 2.9 4.2 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.9 5.2 6.0 5.9 4.9 6.0 4.7 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.5 5.9 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.9

(continued)

94

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

5 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 5 4 4 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 4 5 6 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 6 6 6 5

5.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.6 5.1 5.4 4.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.4 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.7 4.3 4.6 5.4 4.8 5.1 5.1 3.6 3.0 3.7 2.8 5.3 5.1 5.9 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.1

12:49.0 10:30.4 10:26.2 07:53.4 07:28.6 12:12.0 06:45.7 06:59.7 05:22.0 05:11.7 04:57.3 04:47.8 04:39.7 04:16.5 03:30.1 03:29.7 03:30.0 03:19.8 03:49.5 04:22.2 03:45.8 03:57.0 03:57.6 04:07.6 04:22.1 04:16.7 04:53.5 03:50.0 06:14.7 06:19.7 06:56.2 06:51.9 20:17.9 20:20.9 21:39.9 21:46.8 20:19.8 20:27.4 20:29.8 20:29.1 20:39.3 20:40.6 20:46.0

+83:24 +82:34 +84:27 +79:42 +82:26 +77:37 +79:38 +76:59 +79:13 +73:50 +53:45 +56:46 +53:08 +53:20 +55:27 +58:52 +60:03 +65:37 +65:31 +65:09 +63:18 +63:02 +60:59 +59:25 +60:47 +61:40 +66:18 +71:19 +65:16 +69:25 +69:08 +67:37 −12:28 −14:43 −16:34 −16:01 −19:00 −18:06 −18:30 −17:43 −14:53 −18:01 −25:11

Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap

(continued)

95


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

6 6 5 5 5 6 6 5 6 4 5 6 5 0 5 6 6 4 6 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 6 6 6 4

4.1 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.2 3.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.6

20:51.9 21:07.2 21:05.8 21:22.1 21:04.3 21:08.6 21:17.3 21:26.5 21:26.0 21:36.9 21:42.3 21:44.9 21:46.6

−26:51 −24:53 −17:09 −16:45 −19:46 −21:07 −20:34 −22:21 −21:46 −19:24 −18:48 −09:01 −11:17

5.1 4.8 5.8 4.3 5.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.2

21:53.1 20:20.6 20:12.4 20:17.5 21:41.7 00:08.8 00:40.3 00:56.6 01:25.5 01:54.0 00:37.2 00:48.5 02:29.2 00:33.2

−13:29 −12:38 −12:03 −12:25 −13:56 +59:10 +56:33 +60:43 +60:15 +63:39 +53:54 +57:52 +67:23 +62:56

4.9 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.5 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.0

00:43.4 00:44.8 00:49.0 00:42.2 00:32.2 23:59.0 23:47.5 23:54.6 01:07.7 01:11.1 00:56.7 01:20.2 01:34.1 02:03.8

+47:02 +48:18 +50:59 +50:31 +54:35 +55:46 +58:37 +57:31 +55:05 +55:10 +59:13 +58:14 +59:13 +72:26

Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas

(continued)

96

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

4 5 6 5 6 6 7 6 7 6 5 5 6 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4.5 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.9

02:02.1 01:42.9 01:38.3 02:37.6 03:11.8 23:30.1 00:35.6 00:36.8 01:21.5 00:52.7 01:10.8 01:25.9 01:33.8 01:55.8 21:18.4 21:28.8 23:39.8 22:15.0 22:10.8 22:29.3 20:29.6 20:45.4 22:50.0 22:03.8 20:08.9 22:21.9 22:31.4 22:37.5 21:41.9 21:43.5 22:11.6 21:59.7 00:48.0 21:54.7 21:39.6 22:07.5 23:06.9 19:54.1 19:56.3 04:51.0 07:33.5 02:07.3 01:12.6

+70:52 +70:37 +73:01 +72:48 +74:24 +58:32 +62:01 +64:26 +63:31 +61:12 +68:48 +68:04 +68:20 +68:41 +62:36 +70:35 +77:38 +57:05 +58:14 +58:28 +63:04 +61:49 +66:13 +64:38 +77:43 +52:00 +50:20 +51:36 +71:17 +72:07 +72:24 +73:12 +74:53 +56:04 +57:33 +58:44 +59:24 +57:49 +58:40 +81:05 +87:04 +77:22 +79:39

Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep

4.8 5.3 4.7 5.6 5.0 2.5 3.2 3.2 4.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.6 4.6 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.1 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.6

(continued)

97


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

6 4 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 6 6 7 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 4 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3

5.8 4.3 4.5 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.6 4.2 4.7 4.8 5.5 5.4 5.1

02:34.5 20:13.4 20:45.6 21:28.8 21:20.3 21:37.8 21:45.7 22:05.4 22:39.0 23:19.3 23:47.7 22:11.5 23:23.5 01:09.2 22:53.3 22:46.8 03:03.5 03:17.6 04:09.7 18:22.9 23:07.5 22:36.4 18:01.4 18:00.0 18:23.5 18:08.7 03:02.3 02:43.3 02:39.3 01:24.0 01:08.4 00:19.4 00:43.4 02:59.7 02:46.0 02:28.1 02:35.8 02:12.9 02:26.1 02:32.2 02:39.7 02:44.2 01:51.4

+81:23 +56:38 +57:40 +66:53 +64:58 +61:55 +61:12 +62:19 +63:39 +68:08 +67:49 +86:07 +87:19 +86:17 +84:22 +83:11 +79:03 +77:30 +80:40 +89:02 +75:24 +73:40 +21:39 +16:51 +21:50 +20:52 +04:05 +03:16 +00:22 −08:09 −10:08 −08:47 −17:57 +08:56 +09:09 +08:28 +05:36 +08:52 −12:19 −15:11 −11:49 −13:50 −10:18

Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cer Cer Cer Cer Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet

4.4 5.1 4.3 4.7 3.8 4.4 2.5 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.6 2.0 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.2 3.7

(continued)

98

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

3 0 4 5 4 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4

3.5

01:44.7

−15:57

4.0 4.8 4.3 4.5 5.3 6.5 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.7 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.5 5.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.1 4.3 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.9 4.8

02:00.0 03:19.4 03:37.2 03:54.4 04:01.6 02:19.3 02:31.6 02:32.2 02:22.2 02:21.5 02:03.2 02:12.7 00:03.6 00:11.6 00:15.9 00:01.9 00:05.3 23:58.9 00:01.7 02:25.0 03:40.5 01:49.5 01:25.6 00:44.2 00:50.3 00:56.4 01:14.3 12:26.9 12:26.9 12:26.9 12:28.9 12:24.5 12:22.6 12:16.4 12:31.0 12:30.1 12:35.0 12:51.6 13:07.4 13:03.1 13:12.2

−21:01 +03:22 +00:27 −02:57 −01:33 −02:55 +02:14 −01:07 −00:51 +00:28 +00:06 −02:16 −17:15 −15:24 −18:51 −05:58 −05:38 −03:31 −02:59 +10:37 −05:05 −10:37 −14:33 −10:33 −10:35 −11:13 −07:54 +28:19 +27:16 +26:51 +25:57 +25:56 +25:51 +23:57 +24:38 +24:08 +22:39 +27:36 +27:41 +24:59 +27:50

Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com Com

4.2

(continued)

99


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6 6 6 4 6 7 6 2 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 4 4

5.6 5.7 5.8 4.9 5.0

13:41.4 13:38.2 13:25.7 12:53.4 12:35.4 12:41.5 13:28.4 15:34.6 15:27.8 15:32.8 15:43.6 16:01.4 15:42.7 15:49.5 15:57.5 12:16.0 12:30.0 12:34.3 12:10.1 12:08.6 12:20.7 12:32.2 12:41.5 10:59.9 11:19.3 11:24.9 11:24.5 11:36.6 11:44.7 11:56.1 11:38.6 11:23.6 12:00.9 19:30.7 20:17.6 20:22.1 20:41.4 19:44.8 20:46.0 21:12.8 19:39.3 19:56.3 19:17.0

+22:41 +24:42 +23:53 +21:16 +18:25 +16:34 +13:53 +26:46 +29:07 +31:24 +32:32 +29:55 +26:20 +26:07 +26:56 −17:29 −16:27 −23:20 −22:35 −24:40 −22:08 −16:06 −13:01 −18:16 −14:45 −17:36 −10:50 −09:47 −18:17 −17:07 −13:12 −18:43 −19:37 +28:02 +38:06 +40:19 +45:19 +45:07 +34:00 +30:18 +30:13 +35:09 +53:22

Com Com Com Com Com Com Com CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB CrB Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crv Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Crt Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg

5.0 2.2 3.7 4.1 5.6 5.0 3.8 4.6 4.1 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.2 4.3 5.2 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.3 3.0 4.8 2.2 1.2 2.9 2.5 3.2 4.7 3.9 3.8

(continued)

100

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 3 3 3 4 3 5

3.8 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.2 4.9

19:29.5 19:36.3 20:13.6 20:15.5 20:57.1 21:04.9 20:47.3 21:17.5 21:14.7 21:17.9 21:44.0 20:23.8 20:29.3 20:45.7 20:34.2 21:05.3 20:30.1 20:58.6 20:48.9 20:53.2 20:49.1 20:59.9 21:06.7 21:18.5 21:34.0 21:42.0 21:46.8 19:24.0 19:46.3 19:56.1 19:59.9 20:06.3 20:09.5 20:14.5 19:44.2 21:49.6 21:52.8 20:46.6 20:37.4 20:39.4 20:43.3 20:33.2 20:35.2

+51:43 +50:13 +46:49 +47:46 +41:14 +43:58 +36:34 +39:27 +38:04 +34:57 +28:50 +32:15 +30:26 +30:47 +35:19 +38:32 +49:02 +54:24 +46:10 +44:26 +44:04 +47:35 +47:41 +44:00 +45:39 +51:14 +49:20 +29:41 +33:51 +38:35 +37:05 +36:03 +36:54 +36:52 +38:08 +30:15 +28:53 +16:12 +14:40 +15:58 +15:08 +11:21 +14:45

Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Del Del Del Del Del Del

4.8 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.0 4.7 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.5 4.3 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.6

(continued)

101


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 6

5.4 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.6 2.8 2.2 3.1 3.2 2.7 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.9 4.9 3.7 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 5.2 4.5 4.7 3.8 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6 3.5 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.3 5.5 5.2

20:33.9 20:39.0 20:37.4 20:39.3 20:47.4 20:58.5 20:55.7 20:47.8 17:30.3 17:56.5 19:13.1 17:09.3 16:23.9 16:02.1 15:24.9 14:04.3 12:33.4 11:30.9 17:05.1 17:32.3 17:53.6 18:24.0 18:42.7 18:32.8 18:50.9 19:21.1 20:01.4 20:02.8 19:31.2 19:48.1 18:54.0 19:14.0 18:20.5 17:42.7 18:20.5 17:36.1 16:28.2 16:55.8 16:40.9 13:51.4 09:35.2 16:35.8 15:46.6

+13:05 +13:21 +11:26 +10:09 +13:07 +10:53 +12:39 +06:04 +52:19 +51:31 +67:45 +65:48 +61:35 +58:35 +59:00 +64:25 +69:49 +69:20 +54:30 +55:14 +56:54 +58:53 +55:37 +57:09 +59:26 +65:46 +64:50 +67:52 +69:52 +70:18 +71:20 +72:52 +71:21 +72:13 +72:47 +68:35 +68:49 +65:10 +64:36 +64:44 +81:23 +52:55 +62:41

Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra

(continued)

102

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730

36 37 38 39 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3

5 5 6 6 6 3 4 4 4 6 5 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 0 0 3 2 2 2

4.9 5.1 5.5 5.4 4.6 3.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.5 5.2 2.8 4.2 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.9 5.2 4.4 4.0 4.9 3.0 4.4 3.5 3.7 4.8 5.3 3.9 4.5 4.8 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.6 4.6

10:34.6 12:11.9 12:19.1 16:18.3 14:57.8 21:15.8 21:22.6 21:10.3 21:14.4 21:25.1 20:59.2 05:07.9 05:09.3 05:01.9 04:52.9 04:45.6 04:36.5 04:23.8 04:16.3 04:12.0 04:14.5 03:58.0 03:46.3 03:43.4 03:33.4 03:16.1 03:03.1 02:56.5 02:45.0 02:51.0 03:02.9 03:19.3 03:33.8 03:47.2 03:48.8 03:54.3 04:00.2

+75:43 +77:38 +75:12 +66:27 +65:59 +05:18 +06:52 +10:13 +10:05 −03:23 +04:21 −05:04 −08:44 −07:10 −05:28 −03:14 −03:20 −03:44 −07:21 −06:50 −10:14 −13:28 −12:07 −09:50 −09:28 −08:50 −07:34 −08:51 −18:33 −20:57 −23:36 −21:43 −21:36 −23:10 −23:57 −23:36 −24:00

3.8 1.6 1.2 1.9

03:12.0 07:34.6 07:45.6 06:37.6

−28:58 +31:54 +28:03 +16:25

Dra Dra Dra Dra Dra Equ Equ Equ Equ Equ Equ Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Eri Gem Gem Gem

(continued)

103


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 5 5 5 4 4 6 5 4 6 5 5 4 3 3 4 6 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3

2.9 4.2 4.2 3.6 4.4 3.8 5.1 4.1 3.6 5.0 5.2 5.3 3.5 3.1 4.0 3.6 5.3 4.2 3.3 4.1 3.3 4.7 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.5

06:23.0 07:29.1 07:43.2 06:52.8 07:11.1 07:25.7 07:29.8 07:35.9 07:44.4 07:23.5 07:03.0 06:51.6 07:20.1 06:43.7 07:04.2 07:18.1 07:33.6 06:04.2 06:14.9 06:29.0 06:45.2 06:54.6 07:39.5 07:46.1 07:55.6 07:52.8 07:30.4 07:11.5 07:24.5 07:22.1 07:39.1 07:46.8 07:47.5 08:04.3 08:13.3 17:14.6 16:30.1 17:14.9 16:41.6 16:22.0 17:00.3 17:15.0 16:43.0

+22:30 +31:48 +28:55 +33:59 +30:15 +27:48 +28:07 +26:55 +24:23 +25:03 +25:12 +21:45 +21:58 +25:06 +20:32 +16:32 +15:49 +23:14 +22:29 +20:12 +12:54 +13:11 +17:38 +18:30 +19:52 +26:47 +21:26 +39:20 +40:46 +36:47 +34:38 +36:36 +33:26 +27:48 +29:29 +14:26 +21:30 +24:52 +31:37 +19:10 +30:58 +36:53 +38:58

Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Gem Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her

(continued)

104

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 9 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 5 4

3.9 3.8 5.0 4.6 4.4 3.4 3.7 4.4 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.8 3.9 4.7 4.2 5.0 4.6 5.3 5.8

17:56.2 17:39.3 16:08.2 16:25.3 17:30.8 17:46.4 17:57.6 17:58.5 18:07.6 17:17.6 17:23.7 16:34.0 16:28.5 16:19.7 16:02.6 16:08.7 15:31.5 15:52.5 17:36.3 17:26.2 17:48.5 16:38.5 16:48.9 17:20.1 17:53.1 16:32.6 17:18.3 18:21.0 17:20.8 16:51.7 17:05.3 16:55.2 16:23.0 16:00.9 16:14.7 16:22.3 16:31.2 09:27.6 08:37.7 08:46.9 08:55.4 08:39.1 08:43.1

+37:16 +46:03 +17:07 +14:04 +26:12 +27:49 +29:19 +30:16 +28:50 +37:21 +37:13 +42:28 +41:56 +46:20 +46:04 +44:57 +40:53 +42:22 +48:33 +48:13 +48:03 +48:56 +46:01 +46:29 +40:01 +11:33 +33:44 +28:55 +24:34 +24:42 +12:49 +18:21 +30:15 +33:26 +33:54 +33:48 +37:30 −08:39 +05:42 +06:25 +05:58 +03:22 +03:25

Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Her Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya

4.9 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.5 2.0 4.1 3.4 3.1 4.4 4.3

(continued)

105


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5 6 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 6 3 4 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3

4.3 5.0 3.9 4.6 4.5 3.9 5.1 4.1 4.6 3.6 3.8 4.9 3.1 4.5 5.7 4.9 3.0 3.2 4.8 4.8 5.5 6.4 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.6 5.7 4.9 5.2 1.4 2.0 2.6 2.1 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.3

08:48.3 09:05.9 09:14.3 09:29.0 09:32.0 09:39.8 09:40.5 09:51.5 10:05.2 10:10.8 10:26.2 10:38.7 10:49.7 11:11.7 11:05.8 13:09.1 13:19.0 14:06.4 09:20.7 09:19.8 09:09.3 13:29.8 08:49.8 09:16.7 10:38.3 22:16.0 22:13.7 22:30.6 22:40.3 22:20.9 22:29.2 22:24.3 22:35.9 22:39.3 22:41.4 10:08.4 10:19.8 11:14.0 11:49.2 09:45.8 10:16.7 10:07.3 11:14.3

+05:52 +05:07 +02:21 −02:45 −01:10 −01:06 −14:17 −14:49 −13:03 −12:20 −16:48 −16:51 −16:11 −22:46 −27:14 −23:03 −23:07 −26:37 −09:33 −11:58 −08:44 −23:09 −03:26 −08:43 −13:32 +37:50 +39:46 +43:12 +44:19 +46:35 +47:43 +49:30 +39:41 +39:06 +40:16 +12:00 +19:52 +20:33 +14:37 +23:46 +23:26 +16:45 +15:26

Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Hya Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Lac Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo

(continued)

106

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1

4 4 4 6 4 5 0 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 6 6 6 5 4 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6

4.5 4.3 3.9 5.3 5.0 5.4

09:24.7 09:31.7 09:52.9 09:51.8 09:32.1 09:43.6

+26:12 +22:59 +26:01 +24:24 +11:20 +14:03

5.3 5.4 5.1 3.5 4.7 4.4 3.8 5.5 5.5 5.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.3 4.0 4.1 4.9 4.4 4.8 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.5 5.7 5.4 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.8 5.6 5.1

09:58.1 09:29.2 09:32.1 09:41.1 10:00.2 10:07.9 10:32.9 10:46.3 10:46.4 10:49.3 11:02.1 11:05.1 11:00.6 11:00.5 11:16.2 11:23.8 11:21.2 11:27.9 11:16.6 11:30.3 10:43.4 11:36.9 10:55.6 11:15.1 11:48.0 10:02.9 10:53.7 11:01.7 10:17.2 09:36.2 09:42.8 11:55.6 11:40.8 11:36.3 10:26.6 09:57.6

+12:21 +09:05 +09:44 +09:56 +08:04 +10:01 +09:20 +18:54 +14:13 +10:34 +20:10 +07:22 +06:07 +03:39 +13:19 +10:33 +06:04 +02:52 −03:38 −02:59 +23:11 −00:49 +24:47 +23:07 +20:13 +21:56 −02:07 −01:28 +13:40 +30:58 +30:00 +15:39 +21:22 +27:47 +08:51 +41:03

Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo Leo LMi

(continued)

107


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6 6 6 4 6 6 4 3 3 6 4 3 6 5 6 5 6 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 2 2 5 5 5 4 6 6 6 6

4.8 4.5 5.9 4.5 5.4 5.5 4.2 4.7 4.7 5.6 3.8 5.4 5.5 4.3 5.7 4.6 5.1 2.6 2.8 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.4 5.3 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.7 4.3 3.9 5.0 2.8 2.6 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.5 6.1 3.9 5.4

09:35.0 09:34.2 09:29.7 10:07.1 10:02.3 10:16.9 10:27.8 10:25.9 10:38.7 10:33.4 10:52.9 10:45.9 10:43.1 10:55.6 11:08.8 11:15.1 10:43.4 05:32.8 05:28.3 05:45.6 05:51.5 05:12.4 05:14.0 05:20.2 05:19.8 05:13.0 05:05.6 05:47.1 05:56.5 06:06.4 04:40.5 04:38.4 04:38.9 14:50.9 15:17.0 14:49.2 15:06.4 15:00.8 15:24.4 15:33.0 15:20.7 15:35.4 15:43.1

+39:39 +36:25 +34:22 +35:15 +31:57 +29:19 +36:42 +34:50 +31:59 +34:19 +33:31 +30:42 +26:20 +24:47 +24:39 +23:07 +23:11 −17:49 −20:43 −22:40 −20:48 −11:51 −12:56 −12:19 −13:09 −16:12 −22:21 −14:48 −14:10 −14:56 −19:38 −14:16 −12:04 −15:58 −09:20 −14:06 −16:11 −08:29 −10:15 −16:47 −15:22 −14:43 −15:37

LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi LMi Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lep Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib

(continued)

108

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

3 3 4 4 4 5 5 7 6 6 8 6 5 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 3 1 4 3 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 6

4.5

15:12.1

−19:44

4.1 4.9 4.2 4.6 5.2 5.5

15:53.6 15:58.0 16:04.3 15:33.9 15:34.4 14:56.0 15:33.2 15:32.8 14:50.7 06:19.9 06:19.6 06:27.1 06:57.3 06:56.0 07:18.8 07:18.9 06:57.4 08:22.8 08:40.9 08:51.7 08:34.6 07:42.6 07:22.9 08:08.1 07:25.9 09:13.7 09:18.8 09:21.1 18:36.8 18:49.9 18:58.8 18:44.0 18:44.5 18:54.2 19:06.9 19:13.5 19:16.0 18:49.7 18:59.2 18:55.0 18:24.0

−16:40 −14:13 −11:21 −10:00 −09:07 −10:40 −19:55 −19:37 −15:54 +61:41 +59:03 +58:30 +58:27 +57:46 +59:46 +49:33 +45:06 +43:12 +45:50 +43:38 +36:25 +58:43 +55:19 +51:30 +49:02 +43:14 +36:50 +34:25 +38:48 +33:25 +32:45 +39:39 +37:37 +36:55 +36:08 +39:11 +38:10 +32:38 +32:36 +43:57 +39:33

Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lib Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyn Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr

5.5 5.2 5.0 4.4 5.2 4.3 6.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.2 5.3 5.2 5.8 4.9 5.8 4.8 4.6 5.3 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.9 4.1 5.1

(continued)

109


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031

14 15 16 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

6 5 5 6 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 5 6 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 0 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 6 5

5.2 4.7 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 5.1 3.8 3.9 4.6 3.9 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.7 3.3 2.8 4.7 3.8

19:26.0 19:31.5 18:19.6 19:01.4 06:41.0 06:47.5 06:33.0 06:24.0 06:32.3 06:48.0 07:11.8 06:15.0 06:28.3 06:29.0 08:25.9 08:43.8 07:41.2 06:19.9 07:03.1 07:10.7 07:37.4 07:59.8 08:01.4 07:49.3 08:07.5 08:10.2 07:38.9

+36:24 +34:30 +36:07 +47:00 +09:53 +08:02 +07:21 +04:35 +04:53 +02:24 −00:32 −06:14 −04:46 −07:01 −03:53 −07:13 −09:32 −07:48 −04:14 −04:14 −04:10 −03:37 −01:24 −24:51 −24:17 −12:55 −26:48

0.4 1.6 0.2 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.7 3.3 2.8 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.1 5.2 4.6

05:55.2 05:25.2 05:14.6 05:47.8 05:32.0 05:36.2 05:40.8 05:24.5 05:35.5 05:35.3 05:35.8 04:52.7 04:56.5 04:55.3 04:54.9

+07:25 +06:20 −08:11 −09:40 −00:17 −01:12 −01:56 −02:23 −05:56 −05:23 −04:50 +14:16 +13:33 +11:24 +10:10

Lyr Lyr Lyr Lyr Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori

(continued)

110

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 5 4 5 5 5 4 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 7 5 4 5 4 5 6 5 5 6 6

4.3 3.2 3.7 3.7 4.5 5.4 5.3 5.5 4.5 3.4 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.6 5.5 5.3 4.5 4.9 4.7 5.1 3.8 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.3 4.4

04:50.7 04:49.7 04:51.3 04:54.3 04:58.6 05:07.7 05:08.0 05:16.1 05:13.5 05:35.2 05:34.8 05:36.8 05:30.8 06:02.5 05:22.7 05:26.8 05:31.3 05:34.3 05:39.2 05:24.8 05:21.8 05:24.4 05:38.7 05:42.5 05:52.4 05:59.0 06:16.1 06:07.6 06:12.1 06:12.1 06:15.4 05:54.5 06:00.1 06:04.0 05:17.8 05:24.0 05:32.0 05:38.9 06:17.3 05:04.6 05:09.8 05:55.6 06:14.1

+08:55 +06:58 +05:36 +02:27 +01:44 +09:51 +08:29 +11:21 +02:50 +09:56 +09:30 +09:19 +05:57 +09:40 +03:33 +03:05 +03:14 +03:46 +04:06 +01:52 −00:24 −00:49 −02:35 +01:30 +01:52 +00:34 +12:16 +14:46 +14:13 +16:08 +16:07 +20:17 +20:16 +20:07 −06:55 −07:47 −07:19 −07:15 +09:53 +15:25 +15:36 −09:30 −10:41

Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori

4.6 3.6 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.7 4.8 6.0

(continued)

111


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117

59 60 61 62 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1

6 6 6 6 3 3 2 2 3 2 5 4 5 6 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2

5.0 4.9 5.6 4.8 2.4 3.4 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.8 4.9 3.5 4.2 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.6 4.5 4.5 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.9 5.3 1.8

05:59.1 06:02.0 05:33.4 05:40.0 21:44.1 22:41.4 23:04.7 23:03.7 22:43.0 00:13.3 22:05.6 22:10.0 22:46.6 22:52.6 22:55.1 22:21.6 21:30.0 21:44.7 22:06.9 22:09.9 22:41.7 22:46.5 22:50.0 21:22.1 21:44.5 23:20.6 23:25.2 22:21.2 23:22.2 23:25.0 23:29.0 23:06.9 23:10.2 23:11.9 23:09.7 23:34.0 21:53.0 23:22.9 22:27.7 22:20.4 00:37.0 21:46.1 03:24.2

−09:30 −10:36 +14:22 +16:33 +09:56 +10:53 +15:15 +28:07 +30:16 +15:13 +05:06 +06:15 +12:17 +09:54 +08:53 +12:15 +23:41 +25:43 +25:24 +33:14 +29:23 +23:37 +24:38 +19:51 +17:25 +23:45 +23:24 +28:23 +31:53 +32:27 +12:48 +09:27 +09:52 +08:45 +08:43 +31:23 +25:58 +12:22 +04:46 +05:51 +15:15 +23:01 +49:51

Ori Ori Ori Ori Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Peg Per

(continued)

112

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

3 3 3 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 6 5 4 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6

2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 3.3 4.6 4.2 6.0 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.3 5.3 4.2 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.8 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.8 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.3

03:04.7 03:42.8 03:57.9 03:54.2 03:08.2 02:58.6 03:05.0 03:11.4 02:50.5 02:19.1 02:50.8 02:54.3 02:44.1 03:08.5 03:09.4 03:30.7 03:36.5 03:56.7 04:06.6 04:18.2 04:08.6 04:14.9 04:21.5 04:36.5 03:45.2 03:59.0 03:44.2 03:42.0 01:51.7 02:09.1 02:24.3 02:14.4 03:49.5 03:42.4 04:15.0 02:42.4 03:05.7 03:18.6 02:51.4 02:19.5 03:14.9 04:24.4 04:26.0

+53:29 +47:46 +40:00 +31:54 +40:57 +39:42 +38:53 +39:39 +38:21 +56:57 +55:54 +52:45 +49:13 +49:37 +44:53 +47:59 +48:11 +50:36 +50:20 +50:16 +47:41 +48:24 +46:28 +41:15 +42:34 +35:47 +32:18 +34:08 +55:00 +54:19 +50:12 +44:53 +33:06 +33:53 +40:29 +40:12 +56:45 +34:13 +35:06 +47:16 +43:23 +34:05 +31:25

Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per

(continued)

113


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203

45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

6 6 5 6 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 5 4 6

4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 3.8 4.5 3.7 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.9 4.5 4.0 5.7 5.4 5.7 4.4 4.3 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.6 5.5 3.6 5.5 4.3 5.6 5.4 6.1 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.6 4.7 4.4 5.4

03:02.1 04:20.4 03:05.7 03:49.5 02:02.0 23:03.9 23:16.8 23:20.1 23:28.0 23:39.8 23:26.8 23:42.3 23:59.2 00:02.6 00:20.6 00:33.6 00:48.7 01:03.1 01:13.7 01:08.2 01:17.8 01:30.1 01:41.5 01:53.6 01:26.5 01:31.5 01:37.5 01:40.7 00:50.0 00:58.0 00:56.4 01:02.9 01:12.2 01:11.8 01:13.8 01:19.6 01:21.2 01:05.7 01:07.4 01:09.9 01:11.6 00:57.1 23:08.5

+35:11 +34:34 +56:45 +33:06 +02:47 +03:53 +03:19 +05:26 +06:25 +05:41 +01:19 +01:47 +06:54 +08:30 +08:11 +07:00 +07:36 +07:55 +07:36 +05:40 +03:39 +06:11 +05:29 +03:14 +19:13 +15:22 +12:09 +12:13 +27:46 +28:57 +27:17 +31:50 +31:28 +30:07 +24:36 +27:17 +28:48 +21:30 +20:49 +19:41 +21:05 +23:25 +02:10

Per Per Per Per Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc Psc

(continued)

114

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 0 5 0 3 4 5 6 5 4 6 6 6 6 5 0 0 5 6 6 1 2 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 4

3.5 3.7 5.0 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.8 2.9 2.0 2.7 3.8 2.8

19:58.6 19:47.3 19:48.8 19:40.9 19:39.9 18:57.7 19:04.7 19:09.8 18:55.2 18:20.7 18:14.1 18:28.1

+19:32 +18:36 +19:11 +17:33 +18:04 −21:01 −21:40 −20:56 −26:12 −29:41 −21:18 −25:19

3.2

18:45.9

−26:55

2.6 3.3 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.9 4.9 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.5

19:02.3 19:06.9 19:20.3 19:37.1 19:21.8 19:21.7 19:17.4 19:41.2 19:57.8 19:46.4 20:00.7

−29:37 −27:34 −25:28 −24:45 −15:52 −17:46 −18:48 −15:22 −15:23 −19:39 −27:11

4.4 5.0 5.0 1.1 2.6 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.2 4.9 5.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

20:03.6 19:26.0 18:58.7 16:29.2 16:05.3 16:00.2 15:58.8 16:20.9 16:35.7 15:04.0 16:11.7 15:53.2 16:11.8 16:07.0 15:56.6

−28:01 −24:21 −21:54 −26:21 −19:44 −22:33 −26:02 −25:30 −28:08 −25:13 −10:02 −20:06 −19:23 −20:34 −29:08

Sge Sge Sge Sge Sge Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco

(continued)

115


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

5 6 5 8 5 4 4 6 5 4 5 5 6 5 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 0 0 0 5 4 4 4 4

4.6 4.6 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.7 4.9 4.8 3.8 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.2 2.1 2.8 3.8 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.5 2.4 4.4 3.8 4.6 3.3 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.4

16:11.0 16:25.4 16:30.2 16:06.6 15:17.6 15:36.9 15:38.5 16:41.2 18:57.2 18:35.3 18:42.9 18:42.4 18:29.4 18:20.0 18:47.2 17:34.8 17:43.4 17:47.8 16:57.6 16:14.3 16:18.3 16:37.2 17:10.2 16:53.9 16:30.9 16:27.7 17:58.8 18:02.9 16:30.9 16:27.0 16:23.9 16:32.0

−27:38 −23:22 −25:02 −20:39 −30:05 −28:06 −29:42 −17:40 −05:47 −08:11 −07:58 −09:03 −14:13 −08:24 −04:41 +12:38 +04:36 +02:44 +09:24 −03:37 −04:39 −10:32 −15:40 +10:12 +02:02 −08:18 −09:42 −08:05 −16:32 −18:22 −19:58 −21:24

3.3 4.2

17:21.9 17:26.1

−24:56 −24:05

4.8 3.9 4.4 4.0 3.7

17:59.9 18:00.5 18:01.6 18:05.2 18:07.3

+04:24 +02:58 +01:23 +02:39 +09:37

Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sco Sct Sct Sct Sct Sct Sct Sct Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph

(continued)

116

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 2 3 4 5

5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 6 2 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 5

4.6 4.5 4.6 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.8 4.3 4.8 5.5 5.5 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.2 2.6 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.7 3.5 4.3 3.5 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.2 4.6 5.2 5.9 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.8 4.7

18:07.4 17:26.4 16:49.7 16:40.5 16:47.8 17:12.3 17:18.5 17:34.5 17:26.3 16:22.1 16:53.2 16:50.1 16:45.6 17:16.3 17:00.8 16:54.9 15:44.3 16:02.4 15:41.5 15:51.2 15:48.6 15:56.2 15:46.1 15:34.8 15:46.6 15:50.5 15:49.6 17:20.7 17:37.4 17:41.2 17:37.8 18:00.4 18:21.4 18:56.2 15:50.2 15:45.1 16:22.1 15:27.3 09:52.5 10:10.9 10:16.3 10:50.3 09:38.8

+09:06 −05:02 −10:44 +04:15 +05:19 +10:41 +10:45 +09:36 +04:12 +01:05 +01:22 +07:18 +08:38 −00:24 −04:09 −06:18 +06:28 +22:49 +19:43 +21:00 +18:10 +15:48 +15:27 +10:34 +07:25 +04:31 −03:22 −12:47 −15:18 −12:46 −08:02 −03:38 −02:47 +04:15 +02:15 +02:20 +01:05 +15:19 −08:06 −08:23 −08:04 −08:53 +04:40

Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex

(continued)

117


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

5 4 5 5 6 6 5 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 4 4 6 6 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 5 6 4

5.0 4.5 5.2 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.8 0.9 1.6 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.4 4.1 5.1 3.7 3.6 5.8 5.3 3.9 5.1 3.4 4.3 5.1 4.2 5.0 4.3 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.4 4.4 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.6

09:37.2 10:07.9 10:29.4 10:30.3 10:34.6 10:34.8 10:13.7 04:35.9 05:26.2 05:37.6 04:28.6 04:19.8 04:22.9 04:28.5 03:30.9 03:30.4 03:27.1 03:24.8 03:32.7 03:45.8 04:03.2 03:48.3 04:00.8 04:15.5 04:23.8 04:35.7 04:28.7 04:38.0 04:07.0 04:06.7 04:11.1 04:20.3 04:22.5 04:04.7 04:18.8 04:26.3 04:25.3 04:26.6 04:33.8 04:39.2 04:42.2 04:51.3 05:03.1

+06:52 −00:21 −02:42 −00:34 +04:44 +06:58 +04:36 +16:32 +28:37 +21:07 +19:11 +15:39 +17:33 +15:54 +12:57 +11:21 +09:45 +09:02 +09:23 +06:04 +06:00 +11:09 +12:30 +08:55 +09:29 +10:10 +13:03 +12:31 +29:00 +27:38 +26:29 +27:20 +25:39 +22:05 +20:34 +22:47 +22:17 +14:43 +14:50 +15:55 +22:58 +18:51 +21:35

Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau

(continued)

118

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

6 6 6 3 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 5 6 6 6 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 1 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5

5.3 5.0 4.9 2.8 4.3 3.6 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.9 4.3 5.0 5.2 5.3 3.4 3.0 4.0 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.9 4.8 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.3 1.0 2.8 3.6 3.9 2.7 3.4 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.7 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.2 4.8

05:08.0 05:19.2 05:27.5 03:47.5 03:44.9 03:49.2 03:46.1 03:45.0 03:46.0 04:25.4 05:07.2 05:32.4 05:24.4 03:50.3 04:46.2 01:53.1 02:09.5 02:17.3 02:16.3 02:15.0 01:41.9 01:55.8 02:08.5 02:03.1 02:18.7 02:12.3 02:28.3 13:28.0 13:02.3 11:50.3 12:20.0 12:41.8 12:55.7 11:45.1 11:45.8 12:05.1 12:00.9 11:59.8 12:41.8 12:45.7 12:41.7 13:17.1 13:17.7

+20:24 +22:07 +21:56 +24:07 +24:33 +24:03 +24:24 +24:05 +23:57 +17:57 +18:38 +18:36 +17:31 +25:36 +11:30 +29:36 +35:00 +33:51 +34:16 +33:37 +35:18 +37:28 +37:53 +33:19 +28:42 +30:21 +29:43 −11:24 +10:59 +01:47 −00:39 −01:24 +03:25 +08:15 +06:34 +08:45 +06:39 +03:40 +10:17 +07:43 +06:49 +09:25 +05:30

Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tau Tri Tri Tri Tri Tri Tri Tri Tri Tri TrM TrM TrM Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir

(continued)

119


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

6 5 6 4 6 3 6 6 6 4 6 5 4 4 4 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3

4.9 4.2 5.8 4.4 4.7 3.4 5.2 5.0 5.5 4.5 5.2 5.1 4.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.1 5.7 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.5 1.8 2.3 3.3 2.4 1.8 2.2 1.9 5.6 3.1

13:34.2 14:01.7 12:59.8 13:10.0 13:32.0 13:34.8 13:33.1 13:42.1 13:58.8 14:19.1 13:54.6 14:19.7 14:28.1 14:42.8 14:15.9 14:12.8 12:19.8 12:39.3 12:54.3 13:07.9 13:12.1 13:27.9 13:18.9 12:04.7 11:47.9 12:13.2 12:15.7 12:46.2 14:50.9 14:57.4 14:12.5 12:13.8 14:10.8 14:16.4 11:03.7 11:01.7 12:15.2 11:53.6 12:53.9 13:23.8 13:47.5 12:56.0 08:59.2

+03:41 +01:34 −03:53 −05:30 −06:13 −00:33 −10:09 −08:40 −09:16 −13:18 −01:27 −02:16 −02:11 −05:35 −05:56 −10:15 +03:11 −07:58 −09:32 −10:42 −16:08 −15:56 −18:10 +20:29 +08:15 +10:15 +14:56 +09:33 −02:15 −04:17 +02:17 +17:48 −16:15 −18:10 +61:47 +56:25 +57:04 +53:44 +55:59 +54:58 +49:21 +38:19 +48:03

Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa

(continued)

120

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

3 3 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 6 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 5

3.6 3.2 4.0 4.6 3.3 5.7 4.7 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.2 3.7 4.5 3.8 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.5 3.5 3.1 4.7 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.5 5.7 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3

09:03.4 09:33.3 09:00.7 09:06.4 08:30.3 08:53.1 09:10.5 08:36.4 08:39.9 09:03.6 09:10.5 09:14.1 09:31.1 09:34.7 09:51.2 09:51.8 09:35.0 09:15.9 09:08.7 10:16.8 10:22.0 10:53.9 11:09.3 11:47.1 11:17.9 11:18.4 12:33.8 13:40.6 13:39.4 13:53.9 12:25.9 12:19.7 13:00.5 13:27.5 12:30.2 07:31.3 08:12.0 08:09.7 08:04.4 09:28.5 09:48.2 11:00.6 11:18.9

+47:08 +51:42 +41:50 +38:27 +60:43 +61:57 +63:29 +65:04 +64:19 +67:32 +67:08 +61:26 +63:02 +69:50 +59:00 +54:05 +51:58 +54:01 +51:37 +42:55 +41:29 +43:12 +44:30 +47:46 +33:08 +31:36 +41:20 +54:42 +52:58 +53:33 +51:38 +48:58 +56:24 +59:51 +58:28 +68:28 +68:27 +64:48 +60:55 +45:39 +46:03 +40:20 +38:12

UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa

6.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.8

(continued)

121


Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547

53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 6 2 2 3 4 5 4 4 6 6 5 5 6 4 6 2 5 5 6 6 6 6 6

6.0 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.8 5.7 4.0 4.9 5.6 2.0 2.1 3.0 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.8 5.2 4.6 5.2 4.4 5.5 3.0 4.7 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.5

11:07.0 11:28.9 11:22.6 10:58.3 10:54.4 10:35.5 10:30.4 09:42.4 12:02.0 12:01.6 11:50.7 11:41.0 10:32.9 10:43.5 11:05.4 10:42.6 11:34.2 11:39.8 13:24.9 10:24.7 08:18.5 02:35.6 14:50.5 15:21.1 15:44.0 16:16.7 16:45.6 17:31.4 14:27.2 14:09.3 14:11.8 14:58.4 15:14.8 19:28.8 19:43.6 19:47.5 20:01.0 20:01.8 19:53.3 19:51.0 20:15.3 20:16.7 20:22.2

+38:52 +39:16 +43:30 +45:44 +55:09 +57:04 +55:57 +72:19 +43:03 +36:02 +35:07 +34:15 +40:25 +46:08 +40:19 +69:00 +61:46 +31:14 +54:58 +65:29 +59:32 +89:16 +74:12 +71:52 +77:49 +75:41 +82:04 +86:35 +75:52 +77:31 +69:24 +65:50 +67:16 +24:45 +25:50 +27:20 +27:48 +24:55 +24:08 +22:39 +23:34 +24:43 +24:31

UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi UMi Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul

(continued)

122

5



Sequence number

V Mag (Hevelius)

V Mag (modern)



1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

5 6 5 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 6

4.8 5.6 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.3 4.6 5.0 4.5 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.5

20:15.2 20:36.9 20:15.8 20:44.4 20:38.3 20:38.3 20:58.2 20:52.0 20:55.1 21:30.0 20:06.8 19:22.8 19:16.2 19:25.7 19:34.6 20:04.9 19:17.7

+25:39 +26:30 +27:53 +25:18 +24:09 +21:16 +22:24 +27:09 +28:06 +23:41 +23:40 +26:18 +21:26 +20:05 +19:49 +20:01 +23:03

Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul Vul

The material is from the SIMBAD object database of the Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg. The modern visual magnitude is provided to compare it to the naked-eye observations of Hevelius. The Epoch 2000 position for Right Ascension and Declination are also provided

Chapter 6

The Charles Messier Catalog

Charles Messier was born on June 26, 1730, in the principality of Salm in the town of Badonviller. He was the tenth of 12 children of Nicolas and Françoise Messier. Nicolas Messier held a high position in the dukedom’s administration, and Charles enjoyed the benefits of being a member of an affluent household. Mortality during this time was high, though. Charles would lose some of his siblings in their early childhood, but this was a common during this time. When Charles was 11 his father died, and as a result Charles had little opportunity for a formal education. Charles’s older brother, Hyacinthe, stepped in to help the Messier family. Hyacinthe put Charles to work in his office, giving him paperwork that helped him develop good writing and drawing skills, which would be crucial for his future in astronomy. The event that may have sparked his interest in astronomy was the appearance of the Great Comet of 1744. The comet was visible for several months over his hometown during 1743 and 1744. It was one of the brightest comets in history. The most remarkable characteristics of the comet were its six spectacular tails when it reached perihelion. The year 1751 brought many changes to the life of the Messiers. The dukedom of Salm lost its independence, became part of Lorraine, and was annexed by France. The village Senones, outside of Badonviller, retained its independence and became the new home of the Messier family. That year also saw Charles Messier set out on his own at the age of 21. A family friend, who had contacts in Paris, helped him attain an assistantship at a new Naval Observatory. It was not Charles’s interest in astronomy but his skills as an office assistant developed at his brother’s office that helped him get the job. Messier learned to use the instruments at the observatory and became a very skilled observer. He was soon promoted to draftsman at the Marine Observatory at the Hotel de Cluny under Joseph-Nicholas de l’Isle, an astronomer for the French navy. J.D. Cavin, The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs, Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0656-3_6, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

123

124

6


Fig. 6.1 A portrait of Charles Messier (1730–1827) at the age of 41 painted by Nicolas Ansiaume in 1771

When Edmund Halley predicted that the comet of 1682 would return in late 1758 or early 1759, Messier began searching for it using charts that de l’Isle had incorrectly prepared. He located the comet on January 21, 1759, but de l’Isle initially refused to let Messier announce his discovery. (The comet was first sighted on Christmas night of 1758 by a German amateur astronomer named Palitzch.) From that time onward Messier devoted himself to searching for comets. Charles Messier used many telescopes during his career. Owen Gingerich suggests that Messier’s favorite telescope was a 32-ft Gregorian reflector with an aperture of 7.5 in. and a magnification of 104×. All of Messier’s instruments were the best for his time, but they cannot compete with telescopes used by the average amateur astronomers today (Table 6.1). During Messier’s search for comets he found many faint patchy objects throughout the night sky. The nebulous objects continually hampered his comet search. He decided to create a list of these objects to avoid falsely identifying them as comets. On August 28, 1758, Messier recorded the first of these objects, which was in the constellation of Taurus. This object was the supernova remnant known today as the Crab Nebula (M1). During 1764 Messier added 38 objects to his list, including M13, the great globular cluster in Hercules; M17, the Swan Nebula; and M31, the Andromeda Galaxy. The following year he added M41, the open cluster southwest of Sirius. Messier


125

Table 6.1 The telescopes used by Charles Messier between 1765 and 1769 (as published in Connaissance des Temps for 1807) Type of telescope Focal length (ft) Mag. Owner 1 Ordinary refractor 25 138× 2 Achromatic refractor 10.5 120× M. de Courtanvaux 3 Achromatic refractor (Dollond) 3.25 120× Duc de Chaulnes 4 Ordinary refractor 23 102× 5 Ordinary refractor 30 117× M. Baudouin 6 Campani refractor 64× M. Maraldi 7 Gregorian reflector 6 110× M. Lemonnier 8 Gregorian reflector 30 104× 9 Newtonian reflector 4.5 60× 10 Refractor (3" aperture) 1 44× M. de Saron 11 Refractor 19 Paris Observatory 76×

also added the observations of other astronomers to his list. Only 17 of the 45 objects in the first publication of Messier’s Catalogue (1774) were discovered by Messier. By 1780 there were 80 objects in the Messier Catalogue. By 1781 Messier added number 100 to the list. Three more observations by French astronomer Pierre Mechain were added in the final revision of the catalog, which was published in 1781. Forty of the 103 objects had been discovered by Messier. In November of 1781 Messier suffered a severe fall, and work on his catalog was discontinued. The French Revolution encompassed a 10-year-period of major social and political upheaval in France. Messier and his associates would experience great losses during this time. In 1794 Messier lost his academic pension. The navy stopped paying his salary and the rent on his observatory. That year also saw his friend and mathematician President de Saron die on the guillotine only a few days before he had computed the orbit of a comet that Messier had observed. President de Saron was the first to verify that William Herschel’s Uranus was a planet. It wouldn’t be until the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte that the situation for Messier and Mechain would improve. Messier was admitted to the newly formed Academy of Sciences and the Bureau of Longitudes. In 1798 Charles Messier made his last major discovery. He was forced to stop observing when he suffered a massive stroke. Two years later, on April 12, 1817, Charles Messier died at the age of 86. There were seven additional objects known to have been logged by Messier; these were added to the Messier Catalog, and in 1967 the final entry, M110, was added. Charles Messier may not have been a scientist, but he was an accomplished observational astronomer. He had discovered numerous comets and nebulous objects. The nebulous objects in the Messier Catalogue include many of the best deep-sky objects visible from the northern hemisphere (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2 Charles Messier’s catalog of nebulous objects Messier no. NGC no. Common name M1 NGC 1952 Crab Nebula M2 NGC 7089 M3 NGC 5272 M4 NGC 6121 M5 NGC 5904 M6 NGC 6405 Butterfly Cluster M7 NGC 6455 Ptolemy’s Cluster M8 NGC 6433 Lagoon or Dragon Nebula M9 NGC 6333 M10 NGC 6254 M11 NGC 6705 Wild Duck Cluster M12 NGC 6218 M13 NGC 6205 The Great Cluster in Hercules M14 NGC 6402 M15 NGC 7078 M16 NGC 6611 Eagle Nebula M17 NGC 6618 Checkmark Nebula M18 NGC 6613 M19 NGC 6273 M20 NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula M21 NGC 6531 M22 NGC 6656 M23 NGC 6494 M24 NGC 6603 Delle Caustiche M25 IC 4725 M26 NGC 6694 M27 NGC 6853 Dumbbell or Diablo Nebula Const Taurus Aquarius Venatici Scorpius Serpens Caput Scorpius Scorpius Sagittarius Ophiuchus Ophiuchus Scutum Ophiuchus Hercules Ophiuchus Pegasus Serpens Cauda Sagittarius Sagittarius Ophiuchus Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Scutum Vulpecula

RA (2000) 05 h 34 m 31.9 s 21 h 33 m 29.3 s 13 h 42 m 11.2 s 16 h 23 m 35.4 s 15 h 18 m 33.7 s 17 h 40 m 20.7 s 17 h 53 m 51.1 s 18 h 04 m 04.0 s 17 h 19 m 11.7 s 16 h 57 m 09.0 s 18 h 51 m 05.9 s 16 h 47 m 14.4 s 16 h 41 m 41.4 s 17 h 37 m 36.1 s 21 h 29 m 58.4 s 18 h 18 m 48.1 s 18 h 20 m 47.1 s 18 h 19 m 58.4 s 17 h 02 m 37.7 s 17 h 02 m 37.7 s 18 h 04 m 13.4 s 18 h 36 m 24.1 s 17 h 57 m 04.7 s 18 h 18 m 26.9 s 18 h 31 m 36.0 s 18 h 45 m 18.6 s 19 h 59 m 36.33 s

Dec (2000) +22° 00' 52" −00° 49' 23" +28° 22' 32" −26° 31' 31" +02° 04' 58" −32° 15' 15" −34° 47' 34" −24° 23' 49" −18° 30' 59" −04° 04' 58" −06° 16' 12" −01° 56' 52" +36° 27' 36" −03° 14' 46" +12° 10' 00" −13° 48' 26" −16° 10' 18" −17° 06' 07" −26° 16' 05" −26° 16' 05" −22° 29' 24" −23° 54' 12" −18° 59' 07" −18° 24' 22" −19° 15' 00" −09° 23' 01" +22° 43' 16"

6

5.9 5.2 5.5 11.1 11.1 8.0 7.4

7.8 6.6 5.8 6.1 5.8 7.6 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.9 6.8

6.6 6.3 5.4 5.7 4.2 4.2

V Mag

126 The Charles Messier Catalog

NGC no.

NGC 6626 NGC 6913 NGC 7099 NGC 224 NGC 221 NGC 598 NGC 1039 NGC 2168 NGC 1960 NGC 2099 NGC 1912 NGC 7092 Winnecke 4 NGC 2287 NGC 1976 NGC 1982 NGC 2632 Melotte 22 NGC 2437 NGC 2422 NGC 2548 NGC 4472 NGC 2323 NGC 5194 NGC 7654 NGC 5024 NGC 6715 NGC 6809 NGC 6779

Messier no.

M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56

Whirlpool Galaxy

Orion Nebula de Mairan's Nebula Manger (“Praesepe”) or Beehive Cluster Pleiades Cluster

Pinwheel or Triangulum Galaxy

Andromeda Galaxy

Common name Sagittarius Cygnus Capricornus Andromeda Andromeda Triangulum Perseus Gemini Auriga Auriga Auriga Cygnus Ursa Major Canis Major Orion Orion Cancer Taurus Puppis Puppis Hydra Virgo Monoceros Canes Venatici Cassiopeia Coma Berenices Sagittarius Sagittarius Lyra

Const

6.1 4.4 5.8 8.4 5.9 8.5 6.9 7.7 7.7 6.3 8.4

4.5

6.9 6.6 6.9 3.6 8.3 5.8 5.2 5.1 6.0 5.6 6.4 4.6

V Mag 18 h 24 m 32.8 s 20 h 23 m 57.7 s 21 h 40 m 21.9 s 00 h 42 m 44.3 s 00 h 42 m 41.8 s 01 h 33 m 50.8 s 02 h 42 m 07.4 s 06 h 08 m 55.9 s 05 h 36 m 17.7 s 05 h 52 m 18.3 s 05 h 28 m 42.5 s 21 h 31 m 48.3 s 12 h 22 m 16.1 s 06 h 46 m 00.0 s 05 h 35 m 17.2 s 05 h 35 m 31.3 s 08 h 40 m 22.2 s 03 h 47 m 28 s 07 h 41 m 46.8 s 07 h 36 m 35.0 s 08 h 13 m 43.1 s 12 h 29 m 46.7 s 07 h 02 m 42.3 s 13 h 29 m 52.1 s 23 h 24 m 50.4 s 13 h 12 m 55.2 s 18 h 55 m 03.3 s 19 h 39 m 59.3 s 19 h 16 m 35.4 s

RA (2000)

(continued)

−24° 52' 12" +38° 30' 28" −23° 10' 45" +41° 16' 06" +40° 51' 52" +30° 39' 37" +42° 44' 46" +24° 21' 28" +34° 08' 27" +32° 33' 11" +35° 51' 18" +48°26' 55" +58° 05' 04" −20° 45' 15" −05° 23' 27" −05° 16' 03" +19° 40' 19" +24° 06' 18" +14° 48' 36" −14° 28' 57" −05° 45' 02" +08° 00' 00" −08° 23' 26" +47° 11' 43" +61° 36' 24" +18° 10' 08" −30° 28' 42" −30° 57' 44" +30° 11' 05"

Dec (2000) The Charles Messier Catalog 127

M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83

NGC 6720 NGC 4579 NGC 4621 NGC 4649 NGC 4303 NGC 6266 NGC 5055 NGC 4826 NGC 3623 NGC 3627 NGC 2682 NGC 4590 NGC 6637 NGC 6681 NGC 6838 NGC 6981 NGC 6994 NGC 628 NGC 6264 NGC 650 NGC 1068 NGC 2068 NGC 1904 NGC 6093 NGC 3031 NGC 3034 NGC 5236

Table 6.2 (continued) Messier no. NGC no.

Bode’s Nebula Cigar Nebula Southern Pinwheel Galaxy

Lyra Virgo Virgo Virgo Virgo Ophiuchus Canes Venatici Coma Berenices Leo Leo Cancer Hydra Sagittarius Sagittarius Sagittarius Aquarius Aquarius Pisces Pisces Perseus Cetus Orion Lepus Scorpius Ursa Major Ursa Major Hydra

Const

7.7 7.3 7.3 8.9 7.8

8.8 10.1 9.8 8.8 9.6 6.4 9.0 8.4 9.3 9.0 6.9 7.3 7.6 7.8 8.4 9.2 8.9 9.5 8.6 10.1 9.1

V Mag 19 h 53 m 35.09 s 12 h 37 m 43.5 s 12 h 42 m 02.4 s 12 h 43 m 39.7 s 12 h 21 m 54.9 s 17 h 01 m 12.5 s 13 h 15 m 49.1 s 12 h 56 m 44.2 s 11 h 18 m 55.9 s 11 h 20 m 15.1 s 08 h 51 m 20.1 s 12 h 39 m 28.0 s 18 h 31 m 23.2 s 18 h 43 m 12.5 s 19 h 53 m 46.1 s 20 h 53 m 27.9 s 20 h 58 m 55.9 s 01 h 36 m 41.6 s 20 h 06 m 04.7 s 01 h 42 m 18.1 s 02 h 42 m 40.7 s 05 h 46 m 45.8 s 05 h 24 m 10.6 s 16 h 17 m 03.1 s 09 h 55 m 32.9 s 09 h 55 m 50.7 s 13 h 37 m 00.2 s

RA (2000)

+33° 01' 44.5" +11° 49' 05" +11° 38' 48" +11° 33' 07" +04° 28' 24" −30° 06' 44" +42° 01' 50" +21° 40' 58" +13° 05' 37" +12° 59' 28" +11° 48' 43" −26° 44' 34" −32° 20' 53" −32° 17' 31" +18° 46' 42" −12° 32' 13" −12° 38' 08" +15° 47' 03" −21° 55' 17" +51° 34' 16" −00° 00' 47" −00° 04' 45" −24° 31' 27" −22° 58' 30" +69° 03' 55" +69° 40' 43" −29° 52' 04"

Dec (2000)

6

Part of Little Dumbbell or Cork Nebula Seyfert Galaxy (brightest)

Sunflower Galaxy Black-eye or Sleeping Beauty Galaxy

Ring Nebula

Common name

128 The Charles Messier Catalog

NGC 4374 NGC 4382 NGC 4406 NGC 4486 NGC 4501 NGC 4552 NGC 4569 NGC 4548 NGC 6341 NGC 2447 NGC 4736 NGC 3351 NGC 3368 NGC 3587 NGC 4192 NGC 4254 NGC 4321 NGC 5457

M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110

NGC 581 NGC 4594 NGC 3379 NGC 4258 NGC 6171 NGC 3556 NGC 3992 NGC 205

NGC no.

Messier no.

Part of M31

Sombrero Galaxy or Dark Lane Galaxy

Pinwheel Galaxy Possible duplication of M101

Owl Nebula

Member of Markarian’s Chain Smoking Gun

Markarian’s Chain

Common name

Cassiopeia Virgo Leo Canes Venatici Ophiuchus Ursa Major Ursa Major Andromeda

Virgo Coma Berenices Virgo Virgo Coma Berenices Virgo Virgo Coma Berenices Hercules Puppis Canes Venatici Leo Leo Ursa Major Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Ursa Major

Const

7.4 7.9 9.4 8.7 7.8 10.2 9.9 8.2

9.4 9.2 9.0 8.8 9.7 9.8 9.6 10.4 6.5 6.2 8.0 10.0 9.3 9.9 10.0 9.7 9.7 7.5

V Mag

01 h 33 m 21.8 s 12 h 39 m 59.4 s 10 h 47 m 49.7 s 12 h 18 m 57.5 s 16 h 32 m 31.9 s 11 h 11 m 31.2 s 11 h 57 m 36.0 s 00 h 40 m 21.9 s

12 h 25 m 04.7 s 12 h 25 m 24.2 s 12 h 26 m 11.9 s 12 h 30 m 49.3 s 12 h 31 m 59.1 s 12 h 35 m 39.3 s 12 h 36 m 49.4 s 12 h 35 m 27.2 s 17 h 17 m 07.5 s 07 h 44 m 29.2 s 12 h 50 m 53.0 s 10 h 43 m 57.7 s 10 h 46 m 45.9 s 11 h 14 m 47.71 s 12 h 13 m 48.2 s 12 h 18 m 49.6 s 12 h 22 m 54.9 s 14 h 03 m 12.4 s

RA (2000)

+60° 39' 29" −11° 37' 23" +12° 34' 53" +47° 18' 15" −13° 03' 10" +55° 40' 24" +53° 23' 28" +41° 41' 26"

+12° 53' 13" +18° 11' 27" +12° 56' 47" +12° 23' 26" +14° 25' 15" +12° 33' 23" +13° 09' 45" +14° 29' 48" +43°08' 11" −23° 51' 11' +41° 07' 12" +11° 42' 13" +11° 49' 25" +55° 01' 07.7" +14° 54' 00" +14° 25' 01" +15° 49' 21" +54° 20' 55"

Dec (2000) The Charles Messier Catalog 129

Chapter 7

The Johann Elert Bode Catalog

Johann Elert Bode (1747–1826) was born in Hamburg, Germany, the oldest of nine brothers and sisters. As a child he was afflicted with an eye disease that significantly damaged his right eye. He continued to have eye problems the rest of his life. Although his father was a merchant he never attended a formal school. His father taught him the skills of a merchant, hoping he would enter the family business. During his father’s illness in 1767 young Bode impressed the doctor, Heinrich Reimarus, with his mathematical skills. Dr. Reimarus introduced Johann Bode to Johann Georg Büsch, a professor of mathematics at the Academic Gymnasium in Hamburg. With the assistance of Professor Büsch and his library, Johann Bode would educate himself in mathematics, geography, and astronomy. A great interest of Bode’s was the observations of the planets of the Solar System. He collected observations made by many well-known astronomers throughout Europe. In 1772 he published the Titius-Bode law.1 This law was based on a hypothesis that the orbits of the planets around the Sun follow an exponential relationship. The theory appeared to be correct until the outer planet Neptune was discovered. The orbit of Neptune showed the Titus-Bode law to be flawed. When William Herschel discovered a new planet in March 1781 it was Bode who proposed the name “Uranus,” which was adopted as the official name. With his collection of astronomical observations he discovered that the planet had been observed a number of times before Herschel. It had been observed by Tobias Mayer from 1756 and the earliest observation was by John Flamsteed, in December 1690. Flamsteed had cataloged the planet as the “star” 34 Tauri.

1

The original publication made no mention of the contributions of Johann Titus. Only in later publications was he properly added to the credits.


131

132

7

The Johann Elert Bode Catalog

Fig. 7.1 German astronomer Johann Elert Bode

Bode combined his discoveries with other catalogs he had collected. He created a star catalog from the objects in Hevelius’s catalog, the northern objects from Lacaille’s catalog, the objects in the first edition of Messier’s catalog, and other catalogs. This became Bode’s “Complete Catalog of hitherto observed Nebulous Stars and Star Clusters,” containing 75 entries, which he published in 1777 in the Astronomisches Jahrbuch. He continued to compile and publish several more catalogs and atlases. In 1782 he published the “Vorstellung der Gestirne,” containing several new discoveries and meant for amateur astronomers. In 1801 Bode published his most famous and popular star atlas, the Uranographia. The Uranographia is one of the last great atlases. It provided accurate locations of the stars, the location of other nebula objects, and colorful, artistic representations of the constellations. In the Uranographia, Bode introduced several new constellations, but these are no longer in use today. After 40 years as the director of the Berlin Observatory, Bode retired from his post. In November 1826, the next year, Johann Elert Bode died in Berlin, Germany, at the age of 79. The catalog following was published by Bode in his 1777 catalog of “Nebulous Stars and Star Clusters.” Table 7.1 includes a column for Bode’s original comments on the object, a column for positions in elliptical coordinates, a column for Bode’s original positions converted to Right Ascension/Declination coordinates and precessed forward to Epoch 2000, and a column for the modern position of the object.

ID IC 1434? M32 M31

M33 Fla 217 M34 M45 M38 M42

M1 M36 M37 M35 M41 M50 M81 M82 Cr 140? M44 N 2477

Bode # 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Comments/Bode’s description A star cluster A small nebula Nebula visible to the naked eye, 15c diameter A star cluster A small dim nebula A nebulous star A star cluster A well-known cluster of small stars A star cluster Is the most remarkable nebula in sky, 6c large A small nebula without stars A small cluster of stars A nebula A nebula between small stars A star cluster A star cluster on a nebula Two small nebulae 0.75° separated Two small nebulae 0.75° separated A star cluster The well known star cluster Praesepe A nebula visible to the naked eye 81:01 81:05 83:27 89:17 98:49 104:27 116:19 116:48 118:29 124:21 130:12

29:37 29:53 38:25 48:56 56:55 79:05 79:49 −01:23 +10:20 +08:56 +00:40 −43:00 −30:36 +52:15 +51:21 −55:13 +01:06 −57:59

+45:55 +18:30 +27:05 +25:36 +04:01 +12:55 −28:39

Bode’s original ecliptic coordinates Latitude Longitude 3:23 +57:30 23:25 +32:24 24:48 +33:22

Table 7.1 Johann Elert Bode’s catalog of “Nebulous Stars and Star Clusters” (1777)

05:34.5 05:32.3 05:43.7 06:10.3 06:36.9 07:00.7 09:59.4 09:56.6 07:24.5 08:40.5 07:50.8

00:22.9 01:34.2 01:53.4 02:43.4 03:47.5 05:22.1 05:34.5

+21:57 +33:40 +32:21 +24:07 −19:55 −08:03 +69:40 +68:45 −34:03 +19:30 −38:37

+53:57 +29:46 +40:44 +42:48 +24:06 +36:08 −05:20

Bode’s coordinates corrected for Epoch 2000 RA Dec 22:09.1 +52:55 00:39.9 +39:54 00:42.6 +41:18

(continued)

+22:01 +34:08 +32:33 +24:20 −20:44 −08:20 +69:04 +69:41 −32:12 +19:59 −38:33

+42:47 +24:07 +35:50 −05:27

02:42.0 03:47.0 05:28.4 05:35.4 05:34.5 05:36.1 05:52.4 06:08.9 06:47.0 07:03.2 09:55.6 09:55.8 07:23.9 08:40.1 07:52.3

+30:39

01:33.9

Epoch 2000 coordinates RA Dec 22:10.5 +52:50 00:42.7 +40:52 00:42.7 +41:16

The Johann Elert Bode Catalog 133

ID

N 2546 M40

Hev 1496 M51 M53 M83 Hev 953 M5 M13 M4 M12

M10

Hev 804 M19 M9 M14 Hev 794 M6 Hev 795 M7 M23

Bode #

22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

33

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42


A collection of small stars Two small closely neighbored nebulous stars A nebulous star A small nebula A rather conspicuous nebula A small misshapen nebula A nebulous star A nebula without stars A rather vivid nebula A nebula like the nucleus of a comet Two nebulae without stars close together Two nebulae without stars close together A nebulous star A nebula A nebula A nebula A nebulous star A cluster of small stars A nebulous star A star cluster A star cluster

Comments/Bode’s description

+35:29 −03:28 +04:38 +20:05 +71:50 −08:49 +63:28 −11:25 +04:38

+18:35

+53:59 +51:06 +23:36 −18:20 +05:52 +19:39 +57:55 −04:50 +20:06

−54:20 +53:03

17:05.4 17:02.7 17:19.3 17:37.6 17:50.3 17:40.1 17:53.2 17:53.8 17:56.7

16:57.0

12:30.0 13:29.2 13:14.0 13:37.1 14:56.0 15:18.5 16:41.5 16:23.4 16:48.7

08:12.9 12:22.3

+12:47 −26:18 −18:29 −03:16 +48:25 −32:13 +40:01 −34:53 −18:50

−03:59

+58:26 +47:29 +17:46 −29:51 −10:40 +02:04 +36:31 −26:31 −02:12

−36:24 +58:05

Bode’s coordinates corrected for Epoch 2000 RA Dec

−26:16 −18:31 −03:15 −32:13 −34:49 −19:01

17:02.6 17:19.2 17:37.6 17:40.1 17:53.9 17:56.8

−04:06

+02:05 +36:28 −26:32 −01:57

15:18.6 16:41.7 16:23.6 16:47.2 16:57.1

+47:12 +18:10 −29:52

−37:38 +58:05

13:29.9 13:12.9 13:37.0

08:12.4 12:22.4

Epoch 2000 coordinates RA Dec

7

250:30 254:05 257:13 260:58 261:45 262:40 264:00 265:38 266:09

250:20

148:52 171:36 186:43 210:32 221:39 223:30 236:24 245:23 247:56

136:04 147:59

Bode’s original ecliptic coordinates Latitude Longitude

134 The Johann Elert Bode Catalog

– M8 ??? M8 ??? M69 M20 N6530 M8 M21 M24 M16 M18 M17 Hev 1259 NGC6639? M25 M22 M28 M26 – – M11 M55 Hev 380

Hev 383

Hev 382

M27 M30

43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

65

66

67 68

Small stars close together in a nebula Small stars close together in a nebula A nebula Like a small comet’s nucleus A star cluster A star with a nebula Three small stars with a nebula A star cluster A nebulous star cluster Star cluster with nebula Star cluster with nebula A nebula A star cluster A nebulous star cluster A rather vivid nebula A Nebula Star cluster with nebula Two small nebulous stars Two small nebulous stars Two small nebulous stars A nebulous star cluster near a nebula Three small stars which Bayer and Hevel saw nebulous Three small stars which Bayer and Hevel saw nebulous Three small stars which Bayer and Hevel saw nebulous A nebula A nebula 305:21 316:38

302:09

301:40

266:53 266:59 267:11 267:27 267:31 267:35 267:48 267:56 270:39 271:26 271:45 271:46 274:09 274:25 275:15 277:54 278:25 279:24 279:37 280:12 288:30 299:39

+42:15 −08:48

+00:29

+00:59

−00:20 −00:48 −01:30 −10:04 +00:27 −00:48 −00:53 +00:56 +05:02 +09:35 +06:15 +07:06 +09:05 +04:19 −00:42 −01:43 +13:36 +00:09 +00:12 +16:30 −09:20 +00:31

19:59.6 21:40.5

20:29.8

20:27.4

17:59.8 18:00.2 18:01.1 18:02.5 18:02.6 18:02.9 18:03.8 18:04.4 18:15.6 18:18.3 18:20.1 18:20.0 18:29.4 18:31.6 18:36.4 18:48.4 18:45.6 18:54.2 18:55.1 18:51.2 19:40.1 20:19.5

+22:42 −23:16

−18:31

−18:09

−23:48 −24:16 −24:58 −33:32 −23:01 −24:16 −24:21 −22:32 −18:23 −13:49 −17:08 −16:17 −14:12 −18:57 −23:54 −24:43 −09:25 −22:44 −22:40 −06:23 −30:57 −19:04

(continued)

+22:43 −23:11

−06:16 −30:58

18:51.1 19:40.0

19:59.6 21:40.4

−24:23 −24:23 −32:21 −23:02 −24:20 −24:23 −22:30 −18:29 −13:47 −17:08 −16:11 −13:10 −19:15 −23:54 −24:52 −09:24

18:03.8 18:03.8 18:31.4 18:02.6 18:04.8 18:03.8 18:04.6 18:16.9 18:18.8 18:19.9 18:20.8 18:31.0 18:31.6 18:36.4 18:24.5 18:45.2

The Johann Elert Bode Catalog 135

M29 M2 M15 Hev 618? Hev 1113 Hev 619? M39 M92

M64

69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

77

A star cluster Like a comet without a tail A small nebula Nebulous stars Nebulous stars Nebulous stars A star cluster A nebula. More or less round w/pale glow A small nebulous star

Comments/Bode’s description

181:00

321:04 322:20 326:13 333:06 337:24 349:10 349:13 251:00 +26:00

+55:28 +13:09 +25:30 +61:06 +13:23 +67:37 +57:30 +66:00

Bode’s original ecliptic coordinates Latitude Longitude

12:58.3

20:23.9 21:33.1 21:30.2 20:39.8 22:27.7 20:49.0 21:31.8 17:24.9

+22:07

+38:34 −00:39 +12:12 +46:30 +04:45 +55:52 +48:09 +43:01

Bode’s coordinates corrected for Epoch 2000 RA Dec

+21:41

+48:26 +43:08

21:32.2 17:17.1 12:56.7

+38:32 −00:49 +12:10

20:23.9 21:33.5 21:30.0

Epoch 2000 coordinates RA Dec

7

#4 – An asterism near Zeta and Lambda Cas #23 – Messier’s position of M40 #24 – Hevelius’ position of M40 ? represent the modern name of objects near the position indicated that Johann Bode may have been viewing ??? represent objects that appear to have been repeated

ID

Bode #


136 The Johann Elert Bode Catalog

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Chapter 8

Christian Mayer Catalog

Christian Mayer (1719–1783) was a Czech teacher and astronomer. There is not much known about Mayer’s early life. He was 20 when he decided to become a Jesuit and entered the Society of Jesus in Mannheim. After receiving his education he began teaching the humanities. His was appointed as a professor of Mathematics and Physics at Heidelberg. With his interest in Astronomy he was appointed the Court Astronomer at Mannheim. In 1771 he began the construction of the Mannheim Observatory that would be actively used for over 100 years. The observatory would be where Christian Mayer would make the observation that led to the first double star catalog (Table 8.1). Mayer’s observatory consisted of a wall-mounted brass quadrant 8 ft in radius built by John Bird of England. The quadrant was fitted with an achromatic telescope capable of 85×. The telescope was constructed by Peter Dolland, also of England. Mayer’s main focus of study was the proper motion of stars, but in his study he found that many stars appeared to have a close companion. Mayer’s interest would make him the first astronomer to devote his resources to the observation of double stars. In 1777, during a lecture about his observations of double stars to the Academy of Mannheim, he received harsh criticism from a fellow Jesuit astronomer by the name of Maximilian Hell, the director of the Imperial Observatory in Vienna. Hell believed the faint companions were not part of the same system, but rather background stars. Hell demanded that Mayer provide actual proof to back up his claims. Driven by Hell’s demand Mayer would publish the first version of his double star catalog in 1779. Two years later Johann Bode would publish Mayer’s double star list and add another 8 to bring the total to 80 double stars. Mayer described his theory of double stars in his book, De novis in coelo sidereo phaenomenis in miris


137

Table 8.1 Christian Mayer’s 1779 Double Star Catalog (Used with permission from J.S. Schlimmer) No. Mayer’s description Current description WDS identifier Sep 1778 Sep 2007 1 Andromeda HIP3617 00464 + 3057 45.9 47.1 2 Androm. 74 < Pisces 01057 + 2128 32.5 30.3 3 zeta fische ] Pisces 01137 + 0735 24.3 23.3 4 bei my Fishe BSC 419 01269 + 0332 4.2 5.9 5 Gamma Widder J Arietis 01535 + 1918 12.5 7.6 6 Lambda Widder O Arietus 01579 + 2336 38.7 38.2 7 Gamma Andromeda J Andomedae 02039 + 4220 12.2 9.6 8 Alpha Widder D Arietis – – – 9 30 Widder 30 Arietis 02370 + 2439 41.4 39.0 10 Wahlfisch BCS 587 02004 + 0831 22.2 62.6 11 Stier BSC 1065 03313 + 2734 26.7 11.6 12 tau Stier W 94 Taurus 04422 + 2257 60.3 63.0 13 Stie BSC 1600 04590 + 1433 43.6 40.3 14 Orion V Orionis 05387 − 0236 25.8 13.4 V Orionis 05387 − 0236 36.6 41.5 15 Delta Orion G Orionis 05320 − 0018 50.0 53.3 16 bei Zeta Orion TYC 4771-01005-1 05441 − 0229 15.0 94.8 17 Zwillinge – – 72.9 – 18 Or. (11 Einh.) Or. (11 Einh.) 06288 − 0702 9.6 7.1 18 30 Zwillinge HIP 31158 06323 + 1747 22.2 19.7 20 Zwillinge HIP 31323 06341 + 2207 47.0 53 21 Castor D Gemini 07346 + 3153 9.6 3.6 22 Zeta Krebs ] Cancri 08122 + 1739 7.7 6.1 23 2. Phi Krebs 2 Phi Canceri 08268 + 2656 8.8 5.0 24 Krebs, dunkel 24 Canceri 08267 + 2432 5.4 25 iota Krebs L Canceri 08467 + 2846 32.6 30.7 26 bei pi Krebs TYC0825-01529-1 09123 + 1500 6.0 20 Pa 2007 46 159 63 328 0 47 63 – 275 200 270 214 305 84 62 1 316 – 133 211 244 310 181 215 50 308 216

Mag WDS 7.25, 7.43 5.27, 5.45 5.22, 6.15 6.65, 9.51 4.52, 4.58 4.80, 6.65 2.31, 5.02 2.0 6.50, 7.02 5.5, 9.8 6.58, 6.93 4.24, 7.02 6.06, 7.43 3.76, 6.56 3.76, 6.34 2.41, 6.83 9.43, 9.77 – 4.62, 5.00 6.31, 6.88 7.17, 7.41 1.93, 2.97 5.05, 6.20 6.16, 6.21 6.92, 7.53 4.13, 5.99 6.56, 10.40

8

307 0

Pa 1778 238 154 67 180 193 46 62 – 276 98 90 210 303 36 55 0 90 310 322 211 62 293 180 131

138 Christian Mayer Catalog

Mayer’s description

bei pi Krebs 54 Löwe bei tau Löwe Nr.83 tau Löwe a Wasserschlange Haar der Berenike gamma Jungfrau 12 Jagdhunde 54 Jungfrau Jungfrau Zeta gr. Bären* Pi Bootes Beta Scorpion Ny Scorpion 12 im Herkules alpha Ophiuch. alpha Herkules 39 Ophiuch. 71 Herkules roh Herkules 61 Ophiuch. b Schützen beim Oph. Herkul. rho Ophiuchi Herkules Schlange Schütze Ophiuchus

No.

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

– 54 Leonis 83 Leonis W Leonis BSC4443 BSC4698 J Virginis D Canis Venatici 54 Virginis HIP64638 ] Ursa Majoris S 29 Bootes E Scorpii Q Scorpii 36 Hercules D Ophiuchi D Hercules 39 Ophiuchi 70 (!) Hercules U Hercules 61 Ophiuchi E Sagittarius – 95 Her U Ophiuchi 100 Her HIP89489 BSC6848 61 Serpentis

Current description – 10556 + 2445 11268 + 0301 11279 + 0251 11323 − 2916 12207 + 2703 12417 − 0127 12560 + 3819 13134 − 1850 13149 − 1122 13239 + 5456 14407 + 1625 16054 − 1948 16120 − 1928 16406 + 0413 – 17146 + 1423 17180 − 2417 17209 + 2430 17237 + 3709 17446 + 0235 19226 − 4428 – 18015 + 2136 16256 − 2327 18078 + 2606 18157 − 0321 18187 − 1837 –

WDS identifier – 6.5 28.6 88.9 9.4 8.9 5.5 19.3 5.4 107.6 13.9 5.5 13.1 41.2 69.1 – 4.7 10.3 224.7 4.1 21.3 28.6 – 6.5 3.1 14.3 3.3 17.5 –

7.2 28.9 39.9 13.6 – 9.8 22.4 21.5 30.3 0.0 7.4 15.4 42.0 70.3 13.2 8.7 14.0 2.4 7.6 19.9 – 1.4 8.5 7.6 17.5 0.0 9.9 2.0

Sep 2007

–

Sep 1778

0

106 40 336 229 – 105 352 56 291 102 – 90 260 90 180 90

– 110 51 158 137 – 130 226 266 77

Pa 1778 – 112 150 181 210 245 314 229 34 – 153 111 24 338 229 180 118 180 90 319 93 76 – 257 340 183 6 51 –

Pa 2007

(continued)

– 4.48, 6.30 6.55, 7.50 5.05, 7.47 5.64, 5.73 7.04, 7.13 3.48, 3.53 2.85, 5.52 6.78, 7.19 7.11, 8.18 2.23, 3.88 4.88, 5.79 2.59, 4.52 4.35, 5.31 5.76, 6.92 – 3.48, 5.40 5.23, 6.64 5.12, 9.33 4.50, 5.40 6.13, 6.47 3.98, 7.21 – 4.85, 5.20 5.07, 5.74 5.81, 5.84 7.48, 10.22 6.86, 7.63 –

Mag WDS Christian Mayer Catalog 139

18448 + 3736 18443 + 3940 18443 + 3940 18501 + 3322 18562 + 0412 19138 + 3909 19307 + 2758 21050 + 3526 20299 − 1835 20312 + 1116 20368 + 1444 20467 + 1607 20591 + 0418 21050 + 3526 21069 + 3845 21091 + 3844 21441 + 2845 21580 + 0556 01057 + 2128 23141 − 0855 23238 − 0828 23307 + 0515 23543 + 3154 – 23595 + 3343

] Lyrae 4 H Lyrae 5 H Lyrae E Lyrae T Serpentis K Lyrae E Lyrae HIP104064 Z Capricornus BSC7840 HIP101698 J Delphinus H Equuleus HIP104064 61 Cygni HIP104417 P Cygni HD 208718 74 \ Pisces HIP114702 HD 220436 HIP116035 TYC2772-00004-1 Z Piscis BSC9075

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

zeta Leyer epsilon Leyer 5. Leyer beta Leyer theta Schlange eta Leyer beta Schwan bei gamma Schwan omega Steinbock Delphin über beta Delphin gamma Delphin beim Füllen Schwan Schwan Schwan my Schwan Wassermann Zeta Wassermann Wassermann Wassermann Fische Andromeda omega Fische Andromeda

WDS identifier

Current description

Table 8.1 (continued) No. Mayer’s description 45.3 3.8 2.5 48.4 23.4 23.5 33.9 7.0 25.6 15.2 29.5 17.5 13.8 15.3 15.3 6.0 11.2 15.5 4.6 26.0 – – 0.0 – 4.3

Sep 1778 43.6 3.4 2.9 47.4 23.0 28.6 35.3 29.9 22.6 17.8 25.2 9.1 10.7 29.9 13.8 111.6 6.9 10.9 30.3 24.4 6.3 10.4 36.5 – 3.7

Sep 2007 148 38 180 151 106 90 54 180 242 103 249 278 78 126 51 180 109 75 221 180 – – – – 180

Pa 1778 150 31 155 149 104 81 54 336 239 255 290 266 67 336 48 11 109 57 156 177 151 184 334 – 179

Pa 2007

4.34, 5.62 5.15, 6.10 5.25, 5.38 3.63, 6.69 4.59, 4.93 4.38, 8.58 3.19, 4.68 7.38, 10.74 5.91, 6.68 7.12, 7.39 8.35, 8.42 4.36, 5.03 5.30, 7.05 7.38, 10.74 5.35, 6.10 7.61, 9.57 4.75, 6.18 7.21, 7.73 5.27, 5.45 7.60, 8.17 7.21, 7.67 7.77, 8.37 8.25, 10.37 – 6.46, 6.72

Mag WDS

140 8 Christian Mayer Catalog

Christian Mayer Catalog

141

stellarum fixarum comitibus, and also introduced the possibility of smaller suns revolving around larger suns. After hearing of Mayer’s observations of double stars, William Herschel began his own study. After 25 years of observations of Castor (1778–1803), William Herschel finally provided the proof that double stars were part of the same system. He contended that the double stars were not an optical illusion and that their closeness was due to “a physical relationship” between the observed stars. Herschel would record over 600 double stars in three of his catalogs.

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Chapter 9

The Herschel Catalogs

William Herschel Friederich Wilhelm Herschel (William Herschel) was born to Isaac and Anna Herschel on November 15, 1738, in Hanover, Germany. The Herschel family were all musicians. At the age of 14 William and his brother Jacob followed their father into the Military Band of Hanover. The regiment the band was part of was eventually stationed in Kent, England. In England William would meet several families that would provide him with helpful contacts in the years later (Fig. 9.1). When the Seven Year’s War broke out the regiment was called home to Germany. William and Jacob experienced direct fire in the Battle of Hastenbeck. When the army showed little regard for the safety of the young musicians, William’s father suggested he and Jacob leave the battlefield immediately. Although the band members were not considered members of the army their father secured a discharge signed by the colonel of the regiment. Although William had been too young to enter the army in 1782 George III signed a pardon for his “desertion.” Penniless at the age of 19 William immigrated to England with his brother Jacob. They earned a living copying music and playing at private concerts. His brother Jacob eventually returned to Germany, but William stayed in England. William became a professional musician, even traveling to Italy to sharpen his skills. In 1767 his father, Isaac Herschel, died. Being the eldest son still living at home Jacob took over his father’s household. When William visited home he found that his sister Caroline had become the family servant. Jacob’s view was that a woman’s place in the world was doing housework; he was adamant that even teaching her music was beneath his dignity. William rescued his sister by paying his mother and brother a large amount of money to make up for the loss of their “household servant” and brought her to live with him in England. J.D. Cavin, The Amateur Astronomer’s Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs, Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0656-3_9, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

143

144

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Fig. 9.1 Sir William Herschel, as depicted in the book Sir William Herschel, His Life and Works by Edward Singleton Holden (W. H. Allen & Co., 13 Waterloo Place, SW, London (1881), Frontispiece)

William began reading books on mathematics to help him with his harmony to improve his music. His interest quickly spread from mathematics to astronomy. Astronomy sparked a great passion in William. Telescopes at this time were very expensive. Since he was only earning a modest income he built his own. This period began the most productive time during his life. He would give 30–40 private music lessons a week, conduct concerts, and build many telescopes. He would enlist the help of his brother Alexander, an accomplished mechanic, and convince him to move from Germany to his home in England. During his career he would construct over 400 telescopes. With each telescope the Herschels constructed they would improve their techniques. To the dismay of their sister Caroline William and Alexander turned every room of their home into a workshop. Caroline gave the details of one attempt to cast a 36-in. mirror that nearly proved fatal. The first attempt at pouring the cast resulted in a crack and it had to be re-melted. During the second attempt, the furnace broke, causing the metal to run across the flagstone floor of their basement. The heat from the 2,000° molten metal caused the flagstones to explode all over the room. They had run from the room to avoid the exploding flagstones.

William Herschel

145

Fig. 9.2 William Herschel’s map of the Milky Way Galaxy from the article “On the Construction of the Heavens,” published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 75 (1785), pp. 213–266

With the help of his brother and other assistance they would soon mass produce mirrors for telescopes that would be sold all over Europe. His sister Caroline would assist William by feeding him by hand while William would cast, grind, mounting the speculum metal mirrors. On a spring night in 1781 William Hershel was surveying the night sky with his 7-ft telescope with a 6-in. mirror. He spotted an object that appeared to have an odd shape, slightly different from the shape of a star. He continued to record observations of the object thinking it might be a comet. With the help of Anders Lexell, they determined the object was a planet orbiting the Sun past the orbit of Saturn. Hershel would name this planet “Georgian star” (Georgium sidus) after King George III. However the name did not stick – a name more pleasing to the French was adopted. The name of the planet would become Uranus after a suggestion by another German astronomer, Johann Bode. In 1785 Hershel published a paper describing a new statistical technique called ‘star gauging’. Using this technique he counted the number of stars in 683 different regions of the sky. When they saw more stars they assumed the stars extended further into space. This is the first recorded attempt to map the star distribution of the Milky Way Galaxy. He found that the galaxy was disk-shaped from these observations and provided a drawing documenting the shape. In 1788, William upset his sister Caroline when, at age of 50, he married a widow from Upton by the name of Mary Pitt. Caroline moved out of William’s house and burned her diaries that she had kept for 10 years. Mary’s kindness would eventually win over Caroline and they became friends. William and Mary would have one son, John, who later would also become an accomplished astronomer. With a long list of remarkable accomplishments it is clear that the amateur astronomer William Herschel led the way into observational and statistical study of our universe. Those who knew him would write that he was a friendly and modest man, willing to talk to anyone about his discoveries. An inscription correctly attributed to William Herschel can be found on a monument erected at his observatory in Slough that reads “I have looked further into space than ever human being did before me,” W. H. Herschel, 1813.

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Fig. 9.3 Caroline and William Herschel, Image from Child-life and Girlhood of Remarkable Women by William Henry Davenport Adams (W. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Paternoster Row, London, 1883, p. 273)

Caroline Herschel Caroline was 22 when William moved her to his home in Bath, England. When Caroline arrived, William was working as an accomplished organist, a chorus director, and. a private music teacher. Caroline became devoted to supporting William’s household in every way. She not only became William’s housekeeper, but when William gave her voice lessons she became a prominent soprano singer. When William received a pension from King George III he quit his job as a conductor to spend more time on his new passion, astronomy. Caroline helped

John Herschel

147

William began his new business of creating and selling telescopes. She would work alongside her brother spending long hours at grinding and polishing the mirrors for the telescopes. She became so familiar with the construction of telescopes that she took over running his business when William was absent traveling. She was given a pension of 50 lb by King George III. Caroline became the first woman to be recognized in a scientific position. Caroline began observing the night sky when William gave her a small telescope. With the new telescope she began to look for comets and nebula, a common goal for many astronomers. When William traveled to Germany after his discovery of Uranus, Caroline made an important discovery herself – her first comet. As she collected more observations she would begin to catalog William and her observations for publication. When William married he started spending less time at the telescope. This devastated Caroline; she felt she had lost her closest friend. She carried on her work as an observational astronomer without William. By the time of William’s death, she had found seven more comets. After her brother’s death, she returned to Hanover and lived with her younger brother, Dietrich. During this period she continued to catalog the observations that they had made. When she had completed the catalog she gave it to the scientific community. As a reward for her effort she was proclaimed an honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society. She was also honored by the King of Prussia when he gave her the Gold Medal of Science for her accomplishments. During her retirement she remained in contact with many members of the scientific community. Among them was William’s son John and his wife. Caroline was almost 98 when she died peacefully in her sleep on January 9, 1848. She was buried in the churchyard of her childhood near her parents. She was known and honored by the entire scientific community as a distinguished self-educated woman and the devoted sister of William Herschel.

John Herschel John Fredrick William Herschel, the only son of Sir William Herschel, was born at Slough, Buckinghamshire, on March 7, 1792. He started his early education at Eton, but because of his mother’s fears was quickly moved to the house of a private tutor. At the age of 17, he was sent to St. John’s College in Cambridge. During his undergraduate years John Herschel won the highest academic distinction, graduating as “senior wrangler” in 1813. He would form a pact with two of his fellow students, Dean Peacock and Charles Babbage, to “do their best to leave the world wiser than they found it.” He would continue working with these two individuals and publish mathematical papers that revolutionize branches of mathematical science in England. After graduation John Herschel had intentions of being called to the bar; he had placed himself under the supervision of a well-known special pleader. An association with William Hyde Wollaston1 soon changed the direction of his 1

William Hyde Wollaston was an English chemist and natural philosopher, born at East Dereham, Norfolk. His grandfather, William Wollaston, was also an avid amateur astronomer.

148

9


profession. John Herschel soon started to experiment in physical optics and turned to the study of astronomy in 1816. By 1820, with the assistance of his father, he constructed a reflecting telescope containing a mirror with an 18-in. diameter and a focal length of 20 ft. This telescope became the instrument that enabled him to make his most important astronomical observations. During 1821–1823 he became associated with Sir James South.2 Together they re-examined his father’s double stars and published a new double star catalog containing 380 stars. They made their observations for the new catalog with two refractors, one with a 7-ft focal length and the other with a 5-ft focal length. His work in astronomy would win him many awards and honors. He was presented with the Astronomical Society’s gold medal and in 1825 with the Lalande medal of the French Institute. His work in mathematics won him the Copley medal. In 1831 he was knighted by King William IV. At this point in his life it is clear that John Herschel had become an astronomer from a sense of duty to his father. He began to complete the work begun at Slough by William Herschel. There his father had searched the northern heavens. John Herschel formulated a plan to re-explore the northern skies and to explore the southern. He and his family sailed for the Cape of Good Hope on November 13, 1833. They arrived at their destination in Table Bay on January 15, 1834. He would spend the next 4 years at Feldhausen with his family. There he would create several catalogs of southern nebula and clusters of stars; he cataloged the relative positions and magnitudes of double stars. He described his observations and the varying and relative brightness of the stars. Herschel returned to England in 1838 and was welcomed in a grand manner. He was created a baronet by the queen. Sir John Herschel was the author of many books, including Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope (1847), On the Study of Natural Philosophy (1830), and Outlines of Astronomy (1849). Besides his many articles he contributed to the 8th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was well known in his attempts to instill a love of knowledge among those not engaged in its pursuit. He never discouraged anyone’s attempt at scientific discoveries and would willingly help in any way he could. Sir John Herschel died at his residence near Hawkhurst in Kent, on May 11, 1871. He remains interred in Westminster Abbey near the grave of Sir Isaac Newton.

Alexander Herschel Alexander Stewart Herschel was born during his father’s visit to Feldhausen near Cape Town in South Africa. It appears as if Alexander’s passion for astronomy was inherited from his father at an early age. Growing up in a house full of world-class

2

Sir James South (October 1785–October 1867) was a British astronomer that helped to found the Astronomical Society of London. As president of the society from 1831 to 1832 he successfully petitioned to obtain a royal charter for what would become the Royal Astronomical Society.

Alexander Herschel

149

astronomical equipment, family members recognized as noted astronomers and visiting scientists from all over the world have been a very strong influence. He was not an only child, like his father; Alexander had two brothers and nine sisters. The three Herschel boys received an early education in science. Alexander would study at Trinity College and the Royal School of Mines in London. During his time in London he began observing the spectrum of meteors to determine their chemical composition. In 1866 Alexander Herschel observed the spectra of meteors of the Perseid meteor shower. Later that year he published his observation of 17 meteors in The Intellectual Observer. He continued his observations of the spectra of meteors after being appointed as a Professor of Mechanical and Experimental Physics at the Andersonian University of Glasgow. His work in meteor spectroscopy and his deduction of the peak time of the Leonid meteor shower allowed Schiaparelli to identify the Leonids source as the Comet Tempel. He was appointed Professor of Physics and Experimental Philosophy at the University of Durham College of Physical Sciences at Newcastle. During his time at Durham he worked with R. S. Newell, who owned the largest telescope in the world during that time. At the young age of 50 Alexander Herschel retired from his position. He became so involved in his observations near the end of his life he became a recluse. His late nights finally ruined his health, and he died June 18, 1907. The Herschel 400 was the first catalog created from a subset of William Herschel’s original deep-sky catalog. The objects were selected by amateur astronomers Brenda F. Guzman (Branchett), Lydel Guzman, Paul Jones, James Morrison, Peggy Taylor, and Sara Saey of the Ancient City Astronomy Club in St. Augustine, Florida. They generated the catalog as a more difficult challenge after completing the Messier Catalogue. The Herschel 400 is a list of 400 galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters, picked from the 2,500 deep-sky objects discovered and cataloged by Sir William Herschel and his sister Caroline. The Herschel 400 contains: 231 galaxies 107 open clusters 33 globular clusters 20 planetary nebulae 2 halves of a single planetary nebula 7 bright nebulae The Herschel 400 is considered an advanced project for amateurs with a substantial amount of deep-sky experience, but it can still be accomplished with a modest 6-in. telescope. The popularity of the Herschel 400 list has grown tremendously. The Herschel 400 Club is presently a part of the Astronomical League. The Astronomical League consists of more than 240 amateur astronomical societies across the United States. When one of their members completes observing all of the objects on the list the Astronomical League awards them with a Herschel 400 certificate. When an amateur astronomer completes the Herschel 400 list, they are considered to be an advanced observer (Table 9.1).

150

9


Table 9.1 The Herschel 400 list created by the members of the Ancient City Astronomers Club (Printed with permission from Brenda Branchett of the Astronomical League) Object name Type RA (2000) Dec (2000) Const Mag Size NGC 40 PN Cep 12.3 38" × 35" 00 h 13 m 01s +72°31'20" NGC 129 OC 00 h 29 m 54 s +60°12'35" Cas 6.5 21' NGC 136 OC 00 h 31 m 30 s +61°31'00" Cas 11.3 1'.2 NGC 157 Glx 00 h 34 m 48 s −08°24'00" Cet 10.4 4'.3 × 2'.9 NGC 185 Glx 00 h 38 m 58 s +48°20'27" Cas 9.2 11' × 9'.8 M 110 Glx 00 h 40 m 24 s +41°41'00" And 8.1 21'.9 × 10'.9 NGC 225 OC 00 h 43 m 32 s +61°47'25" Cas 7.0 12' NGC 246 PN 00 h 47 m 03 s −11°52'20" Cet 10.9 4'.6 × 4'.1 NGC 247 Glx 00 h 47 m 08 s −20°45'36" Cet 9.2 21'.4 × 6'.9 NGC 253 Glx 00 h 47 m 33 s −25°17'17" Scl 7.8 17'.5 × 6'.8 NGC 278 Glx 00 h 52 m 05 s +47°33'02" Cas 10.9 2'.2 × 2'.1 NGC 288 GC 00 h 52 m 45 s +26°34'43" Scl 8.1 14' NGC 381 OC 01 h 08 m 15 s +61°35'00" Cas 9.3 6' NGC 404 Glx 01 h 09 m 30 s +35°43'04" And 10.0 3'.4 × 3'.4 NGC 436 OC 01 h 15 m 58 s +58°49'02" Cas 8.8 5' NGC 457 OC 01 h 19 m 33 s +58°17'27" Cas 6.4 13' NGC 488 Glx 01 h 21 m 47 s +05°15'25" Psc 10.3 5'.2 × 4'.1 NGC 524 Glx 01 h 24 m 48 s +09°32'00" Psc 10.3 2'.8 NGC 559 OC 01 h 29 m 29 s +63°18'30" Cas 9.5 4'.4 NGC 584 Glx 01 h 31 m 18 s −06°52'00" Cet 10.5 4'.2 × 2'.3 NGC 596 Glx 01 h 32 m 54 s −07°02'00" Cet 10.9 3'.2 × 2'.1 M 33 Glx 01 h 33 m 51 s +30°39'37" Tri 5.7 70'.8 × 41'.7 NGC 613 Glx 01 h 34 m 18 s −29°25'00" Scl 10.1 5'.5 × 4'.2 NGC 615 Glx 01 h 35 m 06 s −07°20'00" Cet 11.6 3'.6 × 1'.5 NGC 637 OC 01 h 43 m 03 s +64°02'12" Cas 8.2 3'.5 NGC 651 PN 01 h 42 m 24 s +51°35'00" Per 10.0 2'.7 × 1'.75 NGC 654 OC 01 h 43 m 59 s +61°52'58" Cas 6.5 5' NGC 659 OC 01 h 44 m 23 s +60°40'09" Cas 7.9 5' NGC 663 OC 01 h 46 m 16 s +61°13'06" Cas 7.1 16' NGC 720 Glx 01 h 53 m 00 s −13°44'00" Cet 10.2 4'.7 × 2'.4 NGC 752 OC 01 h 57 m 48 s +37°51'00" And 5.7 50' NGC 772 Glx 01 h 59 m 20 s +19°00'22" Ari 10.4 7'.2 × 4'.3 NGC 779 Glx 01 h 59 m 42 s −05°58'00" Cet 11.0 4'.1 × 1'.4 NGC 869 OC 02 h 19 m 04 s +57°08'06" Per 5.3 29' NGC 884 OC 02 h 22 m 32 s +57°08'39" Per 6.1 29' NGC 891 Glx 02 h 22 m 34 s +42°21'03" And 10.0 13'.5 × 2'.5 NGC 908 Glx 01 h 23 m 06 s −21°14'00" Cet 10.2 5'.5 × 2'.8 NGC 936 Glx 02 h 27 m 37 s −01°09'23" Cet 10.0 4'.7 × 4'.1 NGC 1022 Glx 02 h 38 m 30 s −06°41'00" Cet 11.4 2'.5 × 2'.1 NGC 1023 Glx 02 h 40 m 24 s +39°03'48" Per 9.5 8'.7 × 3'.0 NGC 1027 OC 02 h 42 m 35 s +61°35'40" Cas 6.7 20' NGC 1052 Glx 02 h 41 m 06 s −08°15'00" Cet 10.5 2'.9 × 2'.0 NGC 1055 Glx 02 h 41 m 45 s +00°26'32" Cet 10.9 7'.6 × 2'.7 NGC 1084 Glx Eri 11.1 02 h 46 m 00 s −07°34'37" 3'.2 × 1'.8 (continued)

Alexander Herschel

151

Table 9.1 (continued) Object name Type

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 1245 NGC 1342 NGC 1407 NGC 1444 NGC 1501 NGC 1502 NGC 1513 NGC 1528 NGC 1535 NGC 1545 NGC 1647 NGC 1664 NGC 1750 NGC 1788 NGC 1817 NGC 1857 NGC 1907 NGC 1931 NGC 1961 NGC 1964 NGC 1980 NGC 1999 NGC 2022 NGC 2024 NGC 2126 NGC 2129 NGC 2158 NGC 2169 NGC 2185 NGC 2186 NGC 2194 NGC 2204 NGC 2215 NGC 2232 NGC 2244 NGC 2251 NGC 2264 NGC 2266 NGC 2281 NGC 2286 NGC 2301 NGC 2304 NGC 2311 NGC 2324 NGC 2335

03 h 14 m 41 s 03 h 31 m 40 s 03 h 40 m 12 s 03 h 49 m 23 s 04 h 06 m 59 s 04 h 07 m 49 s 04 h 09 m 55 s 04 h 15 m 18 s 04 h 14 m 16 s 04 h 20 m 56 s 04 h 45 m 54 s 04 h 51 m 08 s 05 h 04 m 00 s 05 h 06 m 54 s 05 h 12 m 26 s 05 h 20 m 05 s 05 h 28 m 05 s 05 h 31 m 26 s 05 h 42 m 05 s 05 h 33 m 22 s 05 h 35 m 24 s 05 h 36 m 24 s 05 h 42 m 06 s 05 h 41 m 42 s 06 h 02 m 33 s 06 h 01 m 07 s 06 h 07 m 24 s 06 h 08 m 24 s 06 h 11 m 01 s 06 h 12 m 07 s 06 h 13 m 46 s 06 h 15 m 30 s 06 h 20 m 48 s 06 h 28 m 00 s 06 h 31 m 56 s 06 h 34 m 38 s 06 h 40 m 58 s 06 h 43 m 19 s 06 h 48 m 18 s 06 h 47 m 42 s 06 h 51 m 45 s 06 h 55 m 12 s 06 h 57 m 48 s 07 h 04 m 08 s 07 h 06 m 48 s

+47°14'20" +37°22'28" −18°35'00" +52°39'44" +60°55'15" +62°19'54" +49°31'02" +51°13'00" −12°44'21" +50°15'19" +19°07'00" +43°40'28" +23°38'45" −03°20'00" +16°41'03" +39°20'37" +35°19'32" +34°14'42" +69°22'43" −21°56'48" −05°55'00" −06°43'00" +09°05'00" −01°51'00" +49°51'57" +23°19'20" +24°06'00" +13°57'53" −06°13'37" +05°27'31" +12°48'24" −18°40'00" −07°17'00" −04°51'00" +04°56'35" +08°21'59" +09°53'44" +26°58'10" +41°04'44" −03°09'00" +00°27'33" +17°59'19" −04°37'00" +01°02'41" −10°02'00"

Per Per Eri Per Cam Cam Per Per Eri Per Tau Aur Tau Ori Tau Aur Aur Aur Cam Lep Ori Ori Ori Ori Aur Gem Gem Ori Mon Ori Ori CMa Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon Gem Aur Mon Mon Gem Mon Mon Mon

8.4 6.7 9.8 6.6 11.5 6.9 8.4 6.4 9.6 6.2 6.4 7.6 9.8 9.0 7.7 7.0 8.2 10.1 11.2 10.7 2.5 9.0 11.9 – 10.2 6.7 8.6 5.9 12.0 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.4 3.9 4.8 7.3 3.9 9.5 5.4 7.5 6.0 10.0 9.6 8.4 7.2

10' 14' 2'.5 4' 56" × 48" 7' 9' 23' 48 18' 45' 18' 2'.5 2'.0 × 2'.0 16' 5' 6' 1' 4'.3 × 3'.0 6'.2 × 2'.5 13' 2'.0 × 2'.0 28" × 27" 30' × 30' 6' 6' 5' 6' 4'.0 × 2'.0 4' 10' 12' 11' 29' 24' 10' 20' 6' 14' 14' 12' 5' 6' 7' 12'

OC OC Glx OC PN OC OC OC PN OC OC OC OC NbDF OC OC OC NbOC Glx Glx NbOC NbDF PN NbDF OC OC OC OC NbRF OC OC OC OC OC OC OC NbOC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC

(continued)

152

9



RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 2343 NGC 2353 NGC 2354 NGC 2355 NGC 2360 NGC 2362 NGC 2371 NGC 2372 NGC 2392 NGC 2395 NGC 2403 NGC 2419 NGC 2420 NGC 2421 M 47 NGC 2423 NGC 2438 NGC 2440 NGC 2479 NGC 2482 NGC 2489 NGC 2506 NGC 2509 NGC 2527 NGC 2539 M 48 NGC 2567 NGC 2571 NGC 2613 NGC 2627 NGC 2655 NGC 2681 NGC 2683 NGC 2742 NGC 2768 NGC 2775 NGC 2782 NGC 2787 NGC 2811 NGC 2841 NGC 2859 NGC 2903 NGC 2950 NGC 2964 NGC 2974


−10°37'00" −10°16'00" −25°42'00" +13°44'59" −15°38'29" −24°57'15" +29°30'00" +29°30'00" +20°54'42" +13°36'29" +65°36'13" +38°52'53" +21°34'27" +13°45'00" −14°30'00" −13°52'00" −14°44'09" −18°13'00" −17°42'00" −24°15'17" −30°04'00" −10°46'11" −19°03'00" −28°09'00" −12°49'00" −05°36'00" −30°39'00" −29°45'00" −22°58'00" −29°57'00" +78°13'24" +51°18'49" +33°25'20" +60°28'45" +60°02'14" +07°02'16" +40°06'48" +69°12'11" −16°18'48" +50°58'44" +34°30'47" +21°30'00" +58°51'04" +31°51'00" −03°41'58"

Mon Mon CMa Gem CMa CMa Gem Gem Gem Gem Cam Lyn Gem Pup Pup Pup Pup Pup Pup Pup Pup Mon Pup Pup Pup Hya Pup Pup Pyx Pyx Cam UMa Lyn UMa UMa Cnc Lyn UMa Hya UMa LMi Leo UMa Leo Sex

6.7 7.1 6.5 9.7 7.2 3.8 11.3 11.3 9.1 8.0 8.4 10.3 8.3 9.7 4.5 6.7 10.8 9.4 9.6 7.3 7.9 7.6 9.3 6.5 6.5 5.5 7.4 7.0 10.4 8.4 10.1 10.3 9.7 11.7 10.0 10.4 11.5 10.8 11.3 9.3 10.7 8.9 11.0 11.3 10.8

6' 20' 20' 9' 12' 8' 74" × 54" 2'.2 × 0'.9 47" × 43" 12' 18' × 11' 4'.1 10' 9' 30' 19 73" × 68" 74" × 42" 7' 12' 8' 8' 8' 22' 21' 54' 10' 13' 7'.2 × 2'.1 11' 5'.1 × 4'.4 3'.8 × 3'.5 9'.3 × 2'.5 3'.1 × 1'.7 6'.3 × 2'.8 4'.3 × 3'.3 3'.8 × 2'.9 3'.4 × 2'.3 2'.7 × 1'.0 8'.1 × 3'.8 4'.8 × 4'.2 13'.0 × 6'.6 3'.2 × 2'.1 3'.0 × 1'.7 3'.4 × 2'.1

OC OC OC OC OC OC PN PN PN OC Glx GC OC OC OC OC PN PN OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC Glx OC Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx 144Glx Glx

(continued)

Alexander Herschel

153


RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 2976 NGC 2985 M 82 NGC 3077 NGC 3079 NGC 3115 NGC 3147 NGC 3166 NGC 3169 NGC 3184 NGC 3190 NGC 3193 NGC 3198 NGC 3226 NGC 3227 M 101 NGC 3245 NGC 3277 NGC 3294 NGC 3310 NGC 3344 NGC 3377 M 105 NGC 3384 NGC 3395 NGC 3412 NGC 3414 NGC 3432 NGC 3486 NGC 3489 NGC 3504 NGC 3521 M 108 NGC 3593 NGC 3607 NGC 3608 NGC 3610 NGC 3613 NGC 3619 NGC 3621 NGC 3626 NGC 3628 NGC 3631 NGC 3640 NGC 3655


+67°54'59" +72°16'47" +69°41'00" +68°44'02" +55°40'54" −07°43'09" +73°24'02" +03°25'31" +03°28'00" +41°25'27" +21°50'00" +21°54'00" +45°33'00" +19°54'00" +19°52'00" +54°22'00" +28°30'00" +28°31'00" +37°19'00" +53°30'10" +24°55'00" +13°59'00" +12°35'00" +12°38'00" +32°59'00" +13°25'00" +27°59'00" +37°10'00" +28°58'29" +13°54'00" +27°58'20" −00°02'00" +55°40'00" +12°49'00" +18°03'05" +18°08'54" +58°47'10" +57°59'59" +57°45'29" −32°48'50" +18°21'23" +13°35'20" +53°10'09" +03°14'05" +16°35'24"

UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa Sex Dra Sex Sex UMa Leo Leo UMa Leo Leo UMa LMi LMi LMi UMa LMi Leo Leo Leo LMi Leo LMi LMi LMi Leo LMi Leo UMa Leo Leo Leo UMa UMa UMa Hya Leo Leo UMa Leo Leo

10.2 10.5 8.4 9.9 10.8 8.6 10.7 10.6 10.5 9.8 11.9 10.9 10.4 11.4 10.8 8.5 10.8 11.7 11.7 11.1 10.0 10.2 9.3 10.0 12.1 10.6 10.8 11.3 10.3 10.3 11.1 8.9 9.9 11.0 10.0 11.0 10.5 11.6 12.6 8.9 10.6 9.4 10.6 10.3 11.6

4'.9 × 2'.5 4'.3 × 3'.4 11' × 4'.6 4'.6 × 3'.6 7'.9 × 1'.4 7'.2 × 2'.5 4'.0 × 3'.5 5'.2 × 2'.7 4'.8 × 3'.2 6'.9 × 6'.8 4'.5 × 1'.7 2'.8 × 2'.6 8'.3 × 3'.7 2'.8 × 2'.5 5'.6 × 4'.0 22' 3'.2 × 1'.9 2'.0 × 1'.9 3'.3 × 1'.8 3'.6 × 3'.0 6'.9 × 6'.5 4'.4 × 2'.7 4'.5 × 4 6' × 3' 1'.9 × 1'.2 3'.6 × 2'.0 3'.6 × 2'.7 6'.2 × 1'.5 6'.9 × 5'.4 3'.7 × 2'.1 2'.7 × 2'.2 9'.5 × 5'.0 8'.3 × 2'.5 5'.8 × 2'.5 3'.7 × 3'.2 3'.0 × 2'.5 2'.7 × 2'.3 3'.6 × 2'.0 3'.1 × 2'.6 10'.0 × 6'.5 2'.7 × 1'.9 15' × 3.6' 5'.0 × 4'.8 4'.1 × 3'.4 1'.6 × 1'.1

Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx

(continued)

154

9



RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 3665 NGC 3675 NGC 3686 NGC 3726 NGC 3729 NGC 3810 NGC 3813 NGC 3877 NGC 3893 NGC 3898 NGC 3900 NGC 3912 NGC 3938 NGC 3941 NGC 3945 NGC 3949 NGC 3953 NGC 3962 NGC 3982 M 109 NGC 3998 NGC 4026 NGC 4027 NGC 4030 NGC 4036 NGC 4038 NGC 4041 NGC 4051 NGC 4085 NGC 4088 NGC 4102 NGC 4111 NGC 4143 NGC 4147 NGC 4150 NGC 4151 NGC 4179 NGC 4203 NGC 4214 NGC 4216 NGC 4245 NGC 4251 M 106 NGC 4261 NGC 4273


+38°45'47" +43°35'10" +17°13'25" +47°01'44" +53°07'32" +11°28'17" +36°32'47" +47°29'41" +48°42'38" +56°05'04" +27°01'18" +26°28'46" +44°07'13" +36°59'10" +60°40'31" +47°51'30" +52°19'35" −13°58'29" +55°07'29" +53°23'00" +55°27'12" +50°57'42" −19°15'44" −01°06'00" +61°53'44" −18°52'07" +62°08'14" +44°31'53" +50°21'11" +50°32'23" +52°42'40" +43°03'57" +42°32'02" +18°32'32" +30°24'06" +39°24'21" +01°17'57" +33°11'52" +36°19'35" +13°08'59" +29°36'28" +28°10'30" +14°19'00" +05°49'30" +05°20'36"

UMa UMa Leo UMa UMa Leo UMa UMa UMa UMa Leo Leo UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa Crt UMa UMa UMa UMa Crv Vir UMa Crv UMa UMa UMa UMa UMa CVn CVn Com Com CVn Vir Com CVn Vir Com Com CVn Vir Vir

10.8 10.2 11.4 10.5 11.4 10.7 11.7 11.8 10.4 10.8 11.4 12.6 10.4 11.3 10.6 11.0 10.1 10.6 11.6 11.0 10.6 11.5 11.1 12.4 10.7 10.5 11.3 10.2 12.4 10.6 11.8 10.7 10.7 10.2 11.7 10.8 11.0 10.9 9.7 10.0 11.4 11.5 9.5 10.4 11.9

2'.5 × 2'.0 5'.9 × 3'.1 3'.3 × 2'.6 6'.2 × 4'.3 3'.1 × 2'.1 4'.3 × 3'.1 2'.3 × 1'.2 5'.4 × 1'.5 4'.5 × 2'.8 4'.4 × 2'.6 3'.2 × 1'.7 1'.5 × 0'.9 5'.4 × 4'.9 3'.8 × 2'.5 5'.5 × 3'.6 3'.0 × 1'.8 6'.6 × 3'.6 2'.9 × 2'.6 2'.5 × 2'.2 7' × 4' 3'.1 × 2'.5 5'.1 × 1'.4 3'.0 × 2'.3 4'.3 × 3'.2 4'.3 × 1'.7 5'.2 × 3'.1 2'.7 × 2'.5 5'.2 × 3'.9 2'.8 × 0'.8 5'.8 × 2'.2 3'.2 × 1'.9 4'.6 × 1'.0 2'.3 × 1'.4 4' 2'.3 × 1'.6 6'.3 × 4'.5 4'.0 × 1'.1 3'.4 × 3'.2 7'.9 × 6'.3 8'.1 × 1'.8 2'.9 × 2'.2 4'.2 × 1'.9 19' × 8' 4'.1 × 3'.6 2'.3 × 1'.5

Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx GC Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx

(continued)

Alexander Herschel

155


RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 4274 NGC 4278 NGC 4281 NGC 4293 M 61 NGC 4314 NGC 4346 NGC 4350 NGC 4361 NGC 4365 NGC 4371 NGC 4394 NGC 4414 NGC 4419 NGC 4429 NGC 4435 NGC 4438 NGC 4442 NGC 4448 NGC 4449 NGC 4450 NGC 4459 NGC 4473 NGC 4477 NGC 4478 NGC 4485 NGC 4490 NGC 4494 NGC 4526 NGC 4527 NGC 4535 NGC 4536 NGC 4546 M 91 NGC 4550 NGC 4559 NGC 4565 NGC 4570 M 104 NGC 4596 NGC 4618 NGC 4631 NGC 4636 NGC 4643 NGC 4654


+29°36'50" +29°16'50" +05°23'10" +18°22'56" +04°29'00" +29°53'43" +46°59'37" +16°41'37" −18°47'05" +07°19'03" +11°42'14" +18°13'00" +31°13'24" +15°02'50" +11°06'26" +13°04'44" +13°00'31" +09°48'14" +28°37'14" +44°05'36" +17°05'06" +13°58'41" +13°25'49" +13°38'12" +12°19'43" +41°42'03" +41°38'34" +25°46'31" +07°41'58" +02°39'09" +08°11'52" +02°11'16" −03°47'38" +14°30'00" +12°13'14" +27°57'35" +25°59'19" +07°14'47" −11°37'23" +10°10'33" +41°09'02" +32°32'26" +02°41'16" +01°58'42" +13°07'32"

Com Com Vir Com Vir Com CVn Com Crv Vir Vir Com Com Com Vir Vir Vir Vir Com CVn Com Com Com Com Vir CVn CVn Com Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Com Vir Com Com Vir Vir Vir CVn CVn Vir Vir Vir

10.4 10.2 11.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 12.1 11.0 10.9 9.6 10.8 10.9 10.3 11.0 10.2 10.8 10.0 10.4 11.1 9.8 10.1 10.4 10.2 10.4 11.2 11.7 9.5 9.9 9.6 10.4 10.0 10.4 10.3 11.5 11.5 9.8 9.5 10.8 7.9 10.5 10.8 9.1 9.6 10.6 10.5

6'.8 × 2'.5 4'.1 × 3'.8 3'.0 × 1'.5 5'.6 × 2'.6 6' × 5'.5 4'.2 × 3'.7 3'.3 × 1'.3 3'.0 × 1'.4 1'.9 × 1'.9 6'.9 × 5'.0 4'.0 × 2'.2 3' 3'.6 × 2'.2 3'.4 × 1'.3 5'.5 × 2'.6 3'.0 × 1'.9 9'.3 × 3'.9 4'.6 × 1'.9 4'.0 × 1'.6 6'.2 × 4'.4 4'.8 × 3'.5 3'.8 × 2'.8 4'.5 × 2'.6 4'.0 × 3'.5 2'.0 × 1'.8 2'.4 × 1'.8 6'.4 × 3'.2 4'.8 × 3'.8 7'.2 × 2'.3 6'.3 × 2'.3 6'.8 × 5'.0 7'.4 × 3'.5 3'.5 × 1'.7 5' × 4' 3'.5 × 1'.1 10'.7 × 4'.4 15'.8 × 2'.1 4'.1 × 1'.3 8'.7 × 3'.5 3'.9 × 2'.8 4'.4 × 3'.8 15'.5 × 2'.7 6'.2 × 5'.0 3'.4 × 2'.7 4'.7 × 3'.0

Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx PN Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx

(continued)

156

9



RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 4656 NGC 4660 NGC 4665 NGC 4666 NGC 4689 NGC 4697 NGC 4698 NGC 4699 NGC 4725 NGC 4753 NGC 4754 NGC 4762 NGC 4781 NGC 4800 NGC 4845 NGC 4856 NGC 4866 NGC 4900 NGC 4958 NGC 4995 NGC 5005 NGC 5033 NGC 5054 NGC 5195 NGC 5248 NGC 5273 NGC 5322 NGC 5363 NGC 5364 NGC 5466 NGC 5473 NGC 5474 NGC 5557 NGC 5566 NGC 5576 NGC 5361 NGC 5634 NGC 5676 NGC 5689 NGC 5694 NGC 5746 NGC 5846 M 102 NGC 5897 NGC 5907


+32°10'13" +11°11'26" +03°03'27" −00°27'44" +13°45'44" −05°48'03" +08°29'16" −08°39'52" +25°30'01" −01°12'16" +11°18'49" +11°13'52" −10°32'09" +46°31'52" +01°34'32" −15°02'32" +14°10'17" +02°29'59" −08°01'15" −07°49'59" +37°03'33" +36°35'36" −16°38'07" +14°16'00" +08°53'08" +35°39'15" +60°11'25" +05°15'19" +05°00'52" +28°32'04" +54°53'32" +53°39'44" +36°29'36" +03°56'02" +03°16'15" +38°26'58" −05°58'36" +49°27'26" +48°44'29" −26°32'18" +01°57'21" +01°36'22" +55°45'47" −21°00'37" +56°19'45"

CVn Vir Vir Vir Com Vir Vir Vir Com Vir Vir Vir Vir CVn Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir Vir CVn CVn Vir CVn Boo CVn UMa Vir Vir Boo UMa UMa Boo Vir Vir CVn Vir Boo Boo Hya Vir Vir Dra Lib Dra

10.3 10.9 12.4 10.8 10.9 9.2 10.5 9.6 9.2 9.9 10.5 10.2 12.8 12.0 12.9 10.4 11.2 11.5 10.5 11.0 10.3 10.7 12.0 9.6 10.0 11.6 10.1 10.2 11.2 9.0 11.4 10.9 11.1 10.5 10.9 13.9 9.4 10.9 11.9 10.2 10.5 10.2 10.5 8.6 11.4

15'.3 × 2'.4 2'.8 × 1'.9 3'.5 × 3'.5 4'.5 × 1'.5 4'.0 × 3'.5 7'.2 × 4'.7 4'.3 × 2'.5 3'.5 × 2'.7 11'.0 × 7'.9 5'.4 × 2'.9 4'.7 × 2'.6 8'.7 × 1'.6 3'.5 × 1'.8 1'.8 × 1'.4 5'.0 × 1'.6 4'.6 × 1'.6 6'.5 × 1'.5 2'.3 × 2'.2 4'.1 × 1'.4 2'.5 × 1'.7 5'.8 × 2'.8 10'.0 × 5'.6 5'.0 × 3'.1 6' × 5' 6'.2 × 4'.5 2'.8 × 2'.5 6'.0 × 4'.1 4'.2 × 2'.7 6'.8 × 4'.4 11' 2'.6 × 1'.8 4'.5 × 4'.2 2'.4 × 2'.2 6'.5 × 2'.4 3'.2 × 2'.2 0'.8 × 0'.4 4'.9 3'.9 × 2'.0 3'.7 × 1'.2 3'.6 7'.9 × 1'.7 3'.4 × 3'.2 6.5' × 3.0' 13' 12'.8 × 1'.8

Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx GC Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx Glx GC Glx Glx GC Glx Glx Glx GC Glx

(continued)

Alexander Herschel

157


RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 5982 NGC 6118 NGC 6144 M 107 NGC 6207 NGC 6217 NGC 6229 NGC 6235 NGC 6284 NGC 6287 NGC 6293 NGC 6304 NGC 6316 NGC 6342 NGC 6355 NGC 6356 NGC 6369 NGC 6401 NGC 6426 NGC 6440 NGC 6445 NGC 6451 M 20 NGC 6517 NGC 6520 NGC 6522 NGC 6528 NGC 6540 NGC 6543 NGC 6544 NGC 6553 NGC 6568 NGC 6569 NGC 6583 NGC 6624 NGC 6629 NGC 6633 NGC 6638 NGC 6642 NGC 6645 NGC 6664 NGC 6712 NGC 6755 NGC 6756 NGC 6781


+59°21'21" −02°17'01" −26°01'29" −13°03'13" +36°49'56" +78°11'51" +47°31'40" −22°10'38" −24°45'53" −22°42'29" −26°34'57" −29°27'44" −28°08'24" −19°35'14" −26°21'13" −17°49'00" −23°45'35" −23°55'00" +03°00'00" −20°21'34" −20°00'34" −30°13'00" −23°01'48" −08°58'00" −27°53'28" −30°02'00" −30°03'00" −27°45'55" +66°37'59" −25°00'00" −25°54'28" −21°36'00" −31°50'00" −22°08'00" −30°22'00" −23°12'00" +06°30'30" −25°30'00" −23°29'00" −16°45'00" −08°13'00" −08°42'00" +04°14'00" +04°41'00" +06°32'00"

Dra Ser Sco Oph Her UMi Her Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Oph Sgr Sgr Sco Sgr Oph Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Dra Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Sgr Oph Sgr Sgr Sgr Sct Sct Aql Aql Aql

11.1 11.6 9.0 8.9 11.6 11.2 9.4 10.0 8.8 9.3 8.2 8.4 8.8 9.8 9.7 8.9 11.4 9.5 11.1 9.3 11.2 8.2 6.3 10.3 7.6 8.6 9.5 14.6 8.1 8.3 8.1 8.6 8.7 10.0 9.1 11.6 4.6 9.2 8.8 8.5 7.8 8.2 7.5 10.6 11.4

2'.9 × 2'.2 4'.7 × 2'.0 9'.3 10' 3'.0 × 1'.4 3'.1 × 2'.7 4'.5 5'.0 5'.6 5'.1 7'.9 6'.8 4'.9 4'.4 5'.0 7'.2 58" × 34" 5'.6 3'.2 5.4' 2'.8 × 0'.9 7' 30' × 20' 4'.3 6' 5'.6 3'.7 1'.5 23" × 17" 8'.9 9'.2 12' 5'.8 2'.8 5'.9 16" × 14" 20' 5' 4'.5 10' 16' 7'.2 14' 4' 1'.9 × 1'.8

Glx Glx GC GC Glx Glx GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC PN GC GC GC PN OC NbOC GC OC GC GC GC PN GC GC OC GC OC GC PN OC GC GC OC OC GC OC OC PN

(continued)

158

9



RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

Const

Mag

Size

NGC 6802 NGC 6818 NGC 6823 NGC 6826 NGC 6830 NGC 6834 NGC 6866 Collinder NGC 6885 NGC 6905 NGC 6910 NGC 6934 NGC 6939 NGC 6940 NGC 6946 NGC 7000 NGC 7006 NGC 7008 NGC 7009 NGC 7044 NGC 7062 NGC 7086 NGC 7128 NGC 7142 NGC 7160 NGC 7209 NGC 7217 NGC 7243 NGC 7296 NGC 7331 NGC 7380 NGC 7448 NGC 7479 NGC 7510 NGC 7606 NGC 7662 NGC 7686 NGC 7723 NGC 7727 NGC 7789 NGC 7790

19 h 30 m 35 s 19 h 43 m 58 s 19 h 43 m 06 s 19 h 44 m 48 s 19 h 51 m 00 s 19 h 52 m 12 s 20 h 03 m 42 s 20 h 11 m 35 s 20 h 12 m 01 s 20 h 22 m 23 s 20 h 23 m 06 s 20 h 34 m 12 s 20 h 31 m 24 s 20 h 34 m 27 s 20 h 34 m 53 s 21 h 01 m 48 s 21 h 01 m 29 s 21 h 00 m 33 s 21 h 04 m 11 s 21 h 13 m 09 s 21 h 23 m 27 s 21 h 30 m 28 s 21 h 43 m 58 s 21 h 45 m 09 s 21 h 53 m 40 s 22 h 05 m 12 s 22 h 07 m 54 s 22 h 15 m 08 s 22 h 28 m 12 s 22 h 37 m 05 s 22 h 47 m 00 s 23 h 00 m 06 s 23 h 04 m 56 s 23 h 11 m 04 s 23 h 19 m 06 s 23 h 25 m 54 s 23 h 30 m 12 s 23 h 38 m 54 s 23 h 39 m 54 s 23 h 57 m 00 s 23 h 58 m 24 s

+20°15'39" −14°09'12" +23°18'00" +50°31'30" +23°04'00" +29°25'00" +44°00'00" +26°32'04" +26°28'42" +20°06'17" +40°47'00" +07°24'16" +60°38'00" +28°16'58" +60°09'11" +44°12'00" +16°11'16" +54°32'35" −11°21'49" +42°29'46" +46°22'43" +51°36'08" +53°42'55" +65°46'28" +62°36'12" +46°30'00" +31°22'00" +49°53'51" +52°17'00" +34°25'01" +58°06'00" +15°59'00" +12°19'00" +60°34'15" −08°29'00" +42°32'06" +49°08'00" −12°58'00" −12°18'00" +56°44'00" +61°13'00"

Vul Sgr Vul Cyg Vul Cyg Cyg Vul Vul Del Cyg Del Cep Vul Cep Cyg Del Cyg Aqr Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Cep Cep Lac Peg Lac Lac Peg Cep Peg Peg Cep Aqr And And Aqr Aqr Cas Cas

8.8 9.3 7.1 8.8 7.9 7.8 7.6 5.6 8.1 11.1 7.4 8.9 7.8 6.3 9.1 4.5 10.6 10.7 8.0 12.0 8.3 8.4 9.7 9.3 6.1 7.7 10.2 6.4 9.7 9.7 7.2 11.7 11.0 7.9 10.8 8.3 5.6 11.1 10.7 6.7 8.5

3'.2 22" × 15" 12' 27" × 24" 12' 5' 6' 8' 20' 42" × 35" 7' 7'.0 7' 31' 11'.5 × 9'.8 100' × 60' 2'.8 98" × 75" 44" × 23" 3'.5 6' 9' 3'.1 4'.3 7' 25' 3'.7 × 3'.2 21' 4' 10'.5 × 3'.7 12' 2'.7 × 1'.3 4'.1 × 3'.2 7' 5'.8 × 2'.6 32" × 28" 14' 3'.6 × 2'.6 4'.2 × 3'.4 16' 17'

OC PN OC PN OC OC OC OC OC PN OC GC OC OC Glx NbEM GC PN PN OC OC OC OC OC OC OC Glx OC OC Glx NbOC Glx Glx OC Glx PN OC Glx Glx OC OC

Alexander Herschel

159

The Herschel II list was created by the Rose City Astronomers of Portland, Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest. Many of their members had completed the Messier Observing List as well as the Herschel 400 list and were looking for a new challenge. A collaboration among these members led to the Herschel II list as a new challenge (Table 9.2). Table 9.2 The objects of the Herschel II list (With permission from Carol Cole Huston and Candace Pratt) Object name Object type Const V Mag RA (2000) Dec (2000) NGC 23 Galaxy Pegasus 12.0 00 h 09 m 53.0 s +25° 55' 13" NGC 24 Galaxy Sculptor 11.6 00 h 09 m 55.7 s −24° 57' 39" NGC 125 Galaxy Pisces 12.1 00 h 28 m 49.7 s +02° 50' 18" NGC 151 Galaxy Cetus 11.6 00 h 34 m 02.0 s −09° 42' 22" NGC 175 Galaxy Cetus 12.2 00 h 37 m 21.1 s −19° 56' 11" NGC 198 Galaxy Pisces 13.1 00 h 39 m 22.3 s +02° 47' 46" NGC 206 Bright nebula Andromeda 00 h 40 m 35.3 s +40° 43' 47" NGC 214 Galaxy Andromeda 12.3 00 h 41 m 27.5 s +25° 29' 49" NGC 217 Galaxy Cetus 00 h 41 m 33.1 s −10° 01' 22" NGC 315 Galaxy Pisces 11.2 00 h 57 m 48.3 s +30° 20' 59" NGC 337 Galaxy Cetus 11.6 00 h 59 m 49.1 s −07° 34' 44" NGC 357 Galaxy Cetus 12.0 01 h 03 m 21.0 s −06° 20' 26" NGC 410 Galaxy Pisces 11.5 01 h 10 m 57.5 s +33° 08' 55" NGC 428 Galaxy Cetus 11.5 01 h 12 m 54.3 s +00° 58' 54" NGC 499 Galaxy Pisces 12.1 01 h 23 m 10.6 s +33° 27' 25" NGC 513 Galaxy Andromeda 12.9 01 h 24 m 26.0 s +33° 47' 45" NGC 514 Galaxy Pisces 11.6 01 h 24 m 03.1 s +12° 54' 52" NGC 604 Bright nebula Triangulum 01 h 34 m 29.1 s +30° 47' 49" NGC 636 Galaxy Cetus 11.5 01 h 39 m 05.6 s −07° 30' 50" NGC 660 Galaxy Pisces 11.2 01 h 43 m 00.5 s +13° 38' 29" NGC 665 Galaxy Pisces 12.1 01 h 44 m 55.1 s +10° 25' 14" NGC 672 Galaxy Triangulum 10.9 01 h 47 m 52.5 s +27° 25' 51" NGC 706 Galaxy Pisces 12.5 01 h 51 m 49.3 s +06° 17' 37" NGC 718 Galaxy Pisces 11.7 01 h 53 m 11.5 s +04° 11' 41" NGC 741 Galaxy Pisces 11.1 01 h 56 m 19.9 s +05° 37' 38" NGC 821 Galaxy Aries 10.7 02 h 08 m 20.0 s +10° 59' 36" NGC 890 Galaxy Triangulum 11.2 02 h 21 m 59.9 s +33° 15' 47" NGC 896 Bright nebula Cassiopeia 02 h 26 m 34.1 s +62° 06' 49" NGC 925 Galaxy Triangulum 10.1 02 h 27 m 15.7 s +33° 34' 32" NGC 991 Galaxy Cetus 11.7 02 h 35 m 31.5 s −07° 09' 26" NGC 1003 Galaxy Perseus 11.4 02 h 39 m 15.2 s +40° 52' 13" NGC 1012 Galaxy Aries 12.0 02 h 39 m 13.9 s +30° 09' 01" NGC 1032 Galaxy Cetus 11.6 02 h 39 m 22.5 s +01° 05' 29" NGC 1035 Galaxy Cetus 12.2 02 h 39 m 28.1 s −08° 08' 07" NGC 1045 Galaxy Cetus 13.0 02 h 40 m 28.0 s −11° 16' 47" NGC 1058 Galaxy Perseus 11.2 02 h 43 m 28.7 s +37° 20' 21" NGC 1060 Galaxy Triangulum 11.8 02 h 43 m 13.9 s +32° 25' 20" (continued)

160

9


Table 9.2 (continued) Object name Object type

Const

V Mag RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


Cetus Cetus Cetus Cetus Eridanus Aries Perseus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Perseus Cepheus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Eridanus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Eridanus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus a Taurus Perseus Perseus Taurus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Perseus Eridanus Orion Orion Eridanus Taurus Orion Auriga Eridanus Lepus Auriga Orion Orion

11.9 11.0 10.9 11.8 13.0 11.7 11.0 13.0 11.3 11.9 12.9 12.4 10.8 12.6 11.4 12.6 11.4 11.5 10.3

+04° 57' 56" +01° 22' 29" −00° 29' 53" −00° 14' 54" −16° 59' 41" +25° 14' 06" +44° 53' 42" −12° 24' 02" +46° 22' 55" −14° 50' 18" +42° 20' 14" +80° 47' 30" −22° 52' 09" +44° 22' 51" −15° 36' 55" +38° 22' 45" −15° 36' 48" −21° 32' 39" −21° 20' 15" +51° 25' 53" −20° 49' 11" −18° 41' 26" −13° 29' 25" +51° 17' 54" −02° 11' 25" +30° 46' 45" +35° 15' 54" +43° 50' 55" +00° 39' 35" −05° 05' 25" +45° 14' 55" −03° 09' 06" +50° 26' 56" −02° 51' 39" +10° 55' 53" +13° 09' 53" −04° 52' 12" +23° 38' 54" +01° 34' 16" +37° 02' 56" −09° 09' 00" −15° 41' 26" +46° 32' 58" −04° 50' 09" −01° 12' 09"

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Bright nebula Galaxy Planetary nebula Bright nebula Open cluster Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Galaxy Bright nebula Galaxy Open cluster Open cluster Galaxy Open cluster Galaxy Open cluster Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Open cluster Bright nebula

11.4 11.0 11.4 12.3 10.8 7.0 11.7 10.9 10.7 12.7 11.8 10.8 6.4 11.2 12.6 7.7 12.1 11.3 12.0

02 h 43 m 21.2 s 02 h 43 m 39.2 s 02 h 46 m 23.8 s 02 h 46 m 32.3 s 02 h 49 m 05.8 s 02 h 59 m 41.4 s 03 h 01 m 13.0 s 02 h 58 m 54.7 s 03 h 03 m 33.6 s 03 h 01 m 34.8 s 03 h 04 m 31.3 s 03 h 16 m 37.8 s 03 h 02 m 36.2 s 03 h 05 m 46.6 s 03 h 03 m 37.2 s 03 h 08 m 13.8 s 03 h 06 m 01.8 s 03 h 24 m 23.8 s 03 h 26 m 16.0 s 03 h 33 m 46.3 s 03 h 32 m 01.8 s 03 h 39 m 29.9 s 03 h 42 m 28.2 s 04 h 03 m 16.3 s 04 h 04 m 26.1 s 04 h 09 m 13.4 s 04 h 30 m 04.7 s 04 h 31 m 58.5 s 04 h 30 m 38.4 s 04 h 31 m 38.7 s 04 h 34 m 58.5 s 04 h 36 m 05.5 s 04 h 40 m 22.3 s 04 h 41 m 27.0 s 04 h 48 m 28.9 s 04 h 48 m 34.9 s 04 h 56 m 55.1 s 05 h 03 m 52.8 s 05 h 03 m 35.5 s 05 h 08 m 04.7 s 05 h 05 m 16.9 s 05 h 12 m 02.2 s 05 h 25 m 52.5 s 05 h 35 m 22.9 s 05 h 36 m 16.9 s

(continued)

Alexander Herschel

161


Const


Orion Orion Orion Lepus Monoceros Monoceros Auriga Lepus Monoceros Monoceros Monoceros Camelopardalis Monoceros Monoceros Monoceros Monoceros Gemi Canis Major Monoceros Monoceros Monoceros Gemi Gemi a Monoceros Camelopardalis Canis Major Camelopardalis Canis Major Canis Major Puppis Puppis Lynx Puppis Puppis Lynx Lynx Puppis Lynx a Hydra Ursa Major Ursa Major Hydra Hydra Hydra Ursa Major

Bright nebula Bright nebula Open cluster Galaxy Bright nebula Bright nebula Open cluster Galaxy Open cluster Bright nebula Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Bright nebula Open cluster Galaxy Galaxy Open cluster Open cluster Bright nebula Open cluster Galaxy Planetary nebula Galaxy Bright nebula Galaxy Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Open cluster Galaxy Open cluster Bright nebula Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Planetary nebul Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy

V Mag RA (2000)

9.1 11.6

10.9 11.0 8.5 7.7 9.1 10.8 10.0 12.1 12.2 8.9 10.5 8.5 11.8 12.5 12.4 11.1 7.9 8.0 7.4 7.9 12.4 10.2 7.1 12.0 11.6 11.6 11.8 13.0 11.6 12.4 12.1 11.6 10.2 11.0


Dec (2000) −02° 13' 09" +00° 17' 51' +00° 23' 51" −23° 40' 46" −06° 23' 10" −06° 19' 10" +39° 50' 59" −21° 48' 37" +06° 49' 53" +10° 09' 53" +05° 22' 52" +66° 20' 06" +07° 39' 53" +10° 52' 54" +08° 43' 53" +04° 33' 52" +33° 34' 00" −18° 12' 52" −07° 04' 11" −07° 12' 11" −07° 44' 11" +27° 20' 58" +18° 46' 50" −00° 48' 33" +64° 42' 44" −13° 13' 12" +69° 13' 01" −21° 56' 14" −13° 16' 12" −11° 44' 12" −15° 27' 13" +35° 14' 35" −19° 05' 14" −26° 23' 16" +39° 49' 52" +50° 44' 24" −11° 25' 53" +49° 03' 51" −16° 09' 13" +50° 12' 31" +53° 51' 05" +03° 23' 32" −14° 49' 14" −24° 10' 38" +64° 06' 24" (continued)

162

9



Const

V Mag RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


Hydra Ursa Major Hydra Hydra Ursa Major Leo Ursa Major Hydra Leo Hydra Sextans Leo Mor Leo Leo Ursa Major Leo Mor Leo Leo Ursa Major Leo Ursa Major Leo Mor Leo Mor Leo Crater Crater Ursa Major Leo Leo Ursa Major Hydra Leo Leo Leo Leo Ursa Major Crater Crater Ursa Major Leo Ursa Major Leo Leo Ursa Major Ursa Major

11.6 11.5 11.7 10.8 12.5 12.1 13.4 11.1 13.4 11.7 12.3 11.9 11.6 12.4 12.6 11.7 12.8 11.4 11.1 11.1 10.6 12.4 11.6 10.9 11.0 11.5 11.7 12.8 12.8 11.1 9.9 11.3 11.9 12.3 12.1 13.2 12.4 12.7 11.2 11.1 12.2 12.3 12.0 12.3 12.4

−11° 54' 47" +62° 29' 37" −11° 38' 49" −21° 16' 57" +72° 10' 27" +32° 22' 17" +55° 37' 24" −26° 55' 50" +13° 37' 14" −12° 26' 13" +03° 07' 44" +38° 46' 01" +22° 44' 24" +21° 07' 29" +58° 09' 13" +29° 29' 31" +27° 40' 16" +21° 52' 59" +41° 41' 25" +13° 44' 50" +63° 13' 35" +32° 54' 06" +32° 57' 14" +18° 08' 14" −23° 05' 24" −23° 14' 54" +72° 34' 27" +11° 23' 02" +10° 43' 20" +48° 19' 22" −26° 45' 34" +14° 47' 15" +18° 06' 46" +18° 01' 04" +04° 33' 13" +67° 14' 41" −10° 17' 04" −10° 15' 36" +59° 04' 46" +20° 10' 17" +37° 46' 06" +17° 48' 59" +11° 20' 32" +63° 26' 54" +57° 43' 33"

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy


(continued)

Alexander Herschel

163


Const

V Mag RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


Crater Leo Draco Ursa Major Leo Crater Leo Crater Ursa Major Crater Crater Ursa Major Corvus Corvus Virgo Ursa Major Ursa Major Virgo Ursa Major Ursa Major Hydra Virgo Draco Coma Berenices Canes Venatici Ursa Major Coma Berenices Ursa Major Virgo Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Canes Venatici Canes Venatici Virgo Virgo Virgo Draco Coma Berenices Virgo Canes Venatici Canes Venatici Draco Draco

11.4 11.2 12.5 12.4 12.3 13.0 11.1 12.5 11.5 10.6 11.5 11.2 11.7 10.6 12.0 12.2 11.1 11.4 10.9 11.2 10.6 11.4 12.3 11.0 11.3 11.6 12.2 11.4 11.2 12.2 12.1 11.7 11.2 11.2 11.4 11.8 11.9 11.6 9.6 11.6 11.9 10.4 12.5 11.8 11.9

−09° 47' 52" +16° 51' 51" +66° 35' 39" +56° 52' 54" +25° 39' 46" −13° 11' 53" +09° 16' 33" −09° 50' 54" +54° 17' 57" −16° 51' 27" −10° 57' 52" +43° 56' 56" −18° 20' 53" −18° 53' 17" +01° 58' 39" +48° 38' 22" +31° 53' 45" +01° 53' 43" +47° 28' 40" +49° 35' 03" −29° 45' 55" +10° 22' 43" +74° 54' 32" +29° 55' 40" +43° 41' 23" +46° 27' 34" +16° 02' 01" +50° 29' 19" +13° 12' 23" +29° 10' 53" +28° 30' 45" +13° 25' 35" +13° 54' 04" +47° 05' 40" +47° 53' 14" +07° 27' 37" +07° 37' 20" +07° 11' 28" +69° 28' 09" +15° 19' 28" +06° 41' 23" +37° 48' 32" +47° 24' 45" +70° 48' 20" +65° 54' 11"

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy


(continued)

164

9



Const

V Mag RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

NGC 4260 NGC 4264 NGC 4267 NGC 4270 NGC 4271 NGC 4290 NGC 4291 NGC 4294 NGC 4298 NGC 4299 NGC 4302 NGC 4310 NGC 4312 NGC 4313 NGC 4319

Virgo Virgo Virgo Virgo Ursa Major Ursa Major Draco Virgo Coma Berenices Virgo Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Coma Berenices Virgo Draco

11.8 12.8 10.9 12.2 12.6 11.8 11.5 12.1 11.3 12.5 11.6 12.2 11.7 11.6 11.9

+06° 05' 58" +05° 50' 48" +12° 47' 56" +05° 27' 49" +56° 44' 25" +58° 05' 42" +75° 22' 34" +11° 30' 38" +14° 36' 24" +11° 30' 13" +14° 36' 04" +29° 12' 36" +15° 32' 20" +11° 48' 12' +75° 19' 42"

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy

12 h 19 m 22.9 s 12 h 19 m 36.5 s 12 h 19 m 46.5 s 12 h 19 m 49.5 s 12 h 19 m 34.6 s 12 h 20 m 49.5 s 12 h 20 m 20.2 s 12 h 21 m 18.2 s 12 h 21 m 33.5 s 12 h 21 m 41.5 s 12 h 21 m 43.3 s 12 h 22 m 27.3 s 12 h 22 m 32.3 s 12 h 22 m 38.9 s 12 h 21 m 46.0 s

When Tom Hoffelder, an amateur astronomer from Pennsylvania, completed his certificate for the Herschel 400 he looked forward to the next challenge. He found the challenge in a new list being compiled by the Rose City Astronomers. Hoffelder, with his knowledge of Herschel objects, suggested a number of objects for the new Herschel II list. After observing both of the Herschel lists Tom looked for another challenge. He noticed that the remaining objects of Herschel’s original catalog were comprised mostly of galaxies. It was obvious that what was needed was a new Hershel catalog comprised entirely of galaxies for galaxy hunters. This catalog became the Hershel 3 catalog found below. Using the copy of the NGC objects containing all of the Hershel objects he marked out those contained in the first two lists. This left about 1,700 objects. Hoffelder picked about 350 galaxies based on the NGC descriptions. He narrowed the list down to 300, based on the image of the object and to match the same number of objects in the other Herschel lists (Table 9.3).

Alexander Herschel

165

Table 9.3 The Herschel 3 catalog compiled exclusively for galaxy hunters (With permission from Tom Hoffelder) Object name Const V Mag Size RA (2000) Dec (2000) NGC16 And 13 2.1 00 h 09 m 04.6 s +27° 43' 50" NGC 95 Peg 13.5 1.9 00 h 22 m 14.1 s +10° 29' 28" NGC 128 Psc 13 3.4 00 h 29 m 15.1 s +02° 51' 51" NGC 210 Cet 12 5.4 00 h 40 m 34.8 s −13° 52' 21" NGC 255 Cet 12.5 3.1 00 h 47 m 47.3 s −11° 28' 07" NGC 266 And 12.5 3.2 00 h 49 m 48.1 s +32° 16' 43" NGC 274 Cet 13 1.7 00 h 51 m 01.8 s −07° 03' 26" NGC 268 – 13.5 1.7 00 h 50 m 09.4 s −05° 11' 38" NGC 245 – 13 1.4 00 h 46 m 05.4 s −01° 43' 28" NGC 450 Cet 12.5 3.2 01 h 15 m 30.4 s −00° 51' 40" NGC 520 Psc 12.5 4.8 01 h 24 m 34.3 s +03° 47' 42" NGC 474 – 12 7.9 01 h 20 m 06.6 s +03° 24' 55" NGC 470 – 12.5 3 01 h 19 m 44.9 s +03° 24' 35" NGC 533 – 13 3.7 01 h 25 m 31.4 s +01° 45' 32" NGC 536 And 13 3.7 01 h 26 m 21.7 s +34° 42' 13" NGC 600 Cet 12.5 3.5 01 h 33 m 05.3 s −07° 18' 46" NGC 670 Tri 13 2.5 01 h 47 m 24.9 s +27° 53' 08" NGC 673 Psc 13.5 2.4 01 h 48 m 22.7 s +11° 31' 23" NGC 676 Psc 10.5 4.3 01 h 48 m 57.4 s +05° 54' 27" NGC 680 Ari 13 2.9 01 h 49 m 47.3 s +21° 58' 14" NGC 678 – 13.5 5 01 h 49 m 25.2 s +21° 59' 51" NGC 697 – 12.5 4.7 01 h 51 m 17.5 s +22° 21' 28" NGC 681 Cet 13 2.8 01 h 49 m 10.8 s −10° 25' 40" NGC 705 Tri 14.5 ~1 01 h 52 m 41.5 s +36° 08' 39" NGC 701 Cet 13 2.5 01 h 51 m 03.8 s −09° 42' 14" NGC 788 – 13.5 1.8 02 h 01 m 06.5 s −06° 48' 56" NGC 748 – 12 2.9 01 h 56 m 21.7 s −04° 28' 04" NGC 777 Tri 13 3 02 h 00 m 15.0 s +31° 25' 47" NGC 750 – 13 1.6 01 h 57 m 32.5 s +33° 12' 36" NGC 864 Cet 12 4.6 02 h 15 m 27.3 s +06° 00' 05" NGC 877 Cet 12.5 2.3 02 h 17 m 58.7 s +14° 32' 50" NGC 922 Eri 12.5 1.9 02 h 25 m 04.7 s −24° 47' 25" NGC 945 Cet 12 2.5 02 h 28 m 37.2 s −10° 32' 22" NGC 949 Per 13 2.8 02 h 30 m 48.8 s +37° 08' 09" NGC 955 Cet 13.5 3 02 h 30 m 33.4 s −01° 06' 32" NGC 941 – 13 2.8 02 h 28 m 27.9 s −01° 09' 05" NGC 958 – 13 2.8 02 h 30 m 42.7 s −02° 56' 21" NGC 895 – 12 3.6 02 h 21 m 36.5 s −05° 31' 18" NGC 972 Ari 12.5 3.6 02 h 34 m 13.3 s +29° 18' 42" NGC 1097 For 10.5 9.3 02 h 46 m 19.0 s −30° 16' 28" NGC 1140 Eri 13.5 1.4 02 h 54 m 33.5 s −10° 01' 44" NGC 1186 Per 12.5 3.3 03 h 05 m 30.9 s +42° 50' 07" NGC 1201 Eri 12 4.4 03 h 04 m 07.9 s −26° 04' 10" NGC 1232 Eri 10.5 7.8 03 h 09 m 45.1 s −20° 34' 45" (continued)

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Table 9.3 (continued) Object name Const

V Mag

Size

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


13 13 12.5 12 12.5 12.5 13 13 13 12.5 11.5 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 12.5 13 13.5 14 13 13 14 12.5 12.5 13.5 13 13 13 13 12.5 13.5 12.5 12.5 13.5 12 13 13 13 13 13.5 12

3 3.6 2.3 3.9 2.4 2.8 2 2.8 2.1 3.6 3.2 3 5.4 5.4 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.3 3.3 2.9 2.5 3 3.1 1.7 3 2.5 1.7 2.5 2.2 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.7 1.9 3.7 2.8 3.5 4.3 2.1 2.5 3.5


−08° 55' 20" −10° 28' 50" −15° 24' 02" −30° 04' 07" −13° 39' 53" −05° 05' 22" −05° 02' 35" −04° 42' 21" −03° 58' 09" −22° 33' 53" −23° 01' 40" −24° 30' 07" −24° 56' 02" −29° 53' 36" −22° 06' 29" −21° 55' 15" −18° 38' 00" −18° 15' 58" −16° 23' 34" +64° 50' 51" −01° 48' 33" −00° 08' 35" +00° 51' 48" −04° 47' 18" −11° 29' 58" +15° 42' 34" +45° 59' 31" +36° 15' 14" +21° 21' 19" −25° 30' 04" +25° 28' 24" +19° 04' 29" +51° 20' 49" +53° 46' 14" +06° 17' 34" −15° 30' 04" −16° 31' 34" −16° 44' 07" +33° 07' 25" +41° 59' 59" −23° 38' 00" +64° 15' 41" +11° 25' 54" +11° 25' 28" −21° 07' 46"

Eri – Eri For Eri Eri – – – Eri – – – For Eri – – – – Cam Eri – – Eri Lup Cnc Lyn Lyn Cnc Pup Cnc Cnc UMa UMa Hya Hya – – Lyn Lyn Pyx UMa Leo – Hya

(continued)

Alexander Herschel

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V Mag

Size

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


13 13 13 13 12 12 12.5 10.5 12.5 13 13.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12 13 13 12.5 13 13 12.5 13 13 12.5 13 13 12.5 13 13 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13.5

2.6 2.1 1.8 2.2 5.9 3 4.8 8.1 3 3.2 2.2 4.7 3.7 2.2 2.2 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.7 3.5 3.9 2.8 2.2 2.2 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 5.4 3.2 2.5 4.6 3.8 1.7 3.3 4.6 2.8 2.4 8.7 2.6 3.1 4.2 3.2 3.2


−20° 28' 40" −18° 38' 24" +35° 52' 56" +31° 55' 44" +33° 25' 22" +00° 20' 09" +01° 34' 41" −31° 11' 25" +44° 04' 51" +12° 48' 50" +12° 45' 54" +72° 12' 13" +16° 40' 38" −22° 49' 34" −19° 38' 11" +17° 16' 24" +14° 52' 18" +13° 45' 02" +12° 31' 58" +10° 08' 53" +05° 50' 23" +46° 07' 20" +47° 23' 52" +72° 50' 23" +73° 41' 23" +34° 42' 42" +32° 59' 26" +22° 56' 04" +17° 17' 03" +54° 18' 18" +53° 23' 16" +14° 50' 28" +03° 37' 41" +28° 53' 05" +28° 02' 11" −18° 17' 23" +45° 44' 52" −08° 39' 31" +58° 33' 45" +53° 04' 06" +54° 31' 27" +56° 16' 14" +70° 32' 08" +47° 53' 34" +17° 43' 41"

– – Lyn – – Hya – Ant UMa Leo – UMa Leo Hya – Leo – – – – – UMa – Dra – LMi LMi Leo – UMa – Leo Leo UMa – Crt UMa Crt UMa UMa – – Dra Uma Leo

(continued)

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V Mag

Size

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


14.5 13 14 12.5 11.5 13 12.5 13 12.5 13 12.5 13 12.5 13.5 13 12.5 12.5 13.5 12 13 11.5 14 13 14 12 13 12.5 13 13 13 13 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 13 13 14 13 12 13 12.5 12 13 12

1.4 2.4 1.4 2.2 2.9 1.7 4.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.9 2.5 3.1 3 4 2.8 3.9 1.8 4.5 2.8 5.8 3.5 1.9 5.2 5.1 3.4 3.7 2.4 1.4 3.5 2.2 2.7 4.4 3.6 3.9 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.8 3 1.5 3.3 3.9 3.7 4


+17° 45' 56" +59° 24' 55" +59° 25' 56" +29° 16' 35" −28° 48' 21" −27° 55' 17" +51° 49' 28" −23° 09' 52" −20° 34' 03" −19° 34' 14" −19° 53' 49" −17° 50' 34" −16° 22' 27" +11° 58' 05" +55° 19' 12" +58° 29' 36" +06° 44' 56" +27° 27' 10" +02° 52' 41" +68° 46' 03" +39° 52' 58" +05° 48' 21" +06° 24' 04" +13° 01' 26" +12° 39' 43" +12° 44' 04" +13° 11' 01" +11° 45' 18" +29° 18' 38" −03° 26' 34" −01° 56' 21" +45° 41' 03" +44° 51' 51" +09° 35' 03" +08° 45' 01" +15° 27' 41" +14° 04' 07" +13° 34' 40" +22° 49' 20" +03° 34' 13" +03° 57' 53" +04° 55' 29" +03° 56' 27" −23° 10' 00" −07° 33' 50"

– UMa – Hya – – UMa Crv – – – – – Leo UMa – Vir Com Vir Dra CVn Vir – Vir – – – – Com Vir – UMa – Vir – Com – – Com Vir – – – Crv Vir

(continued)

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V Mag

Size

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


13 12.5 13 13.5 12 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 12 12.5 13 12.5 13 13.5 13 12.5 12.5 12 12.5 12.5 13 13.5 13.5 13 12.5 13 13 13 12.5 13 12.5 12.5 12 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13 12.5 12 11.5

1 2.9 2.4 1.5 4.6 3 3.1 3.5 4.6 10.2 3.6 4 3.6 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.9 3.6 5.1 2.3 3.3 4 2.3 1.7 1.8 3 1.5 1.7 2 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.2 4.5 1.7 4.1 3 2.9 3.6 2.5 3.3 2.2 6.5


+63° 56' 20" +06° 28' 07" +05° 22' 05" +19° 19' 19" +11° 14' 17" +11° 15' 28" +11° 26' 21" +11° 10' 35" −00° 31' 54" +00° 06' 48" −05° 48' 00" −05° 20' 39" −05° 07' 55" +07° 40' 37" −00° 04' 47" −00° 33' 40' +14° 17' 45" −10° 05' 02" −12° 43' 37" +10° 59' 01" +15° 09' 54" +72° 52' 27" +02° 10' 06" +01° 16' 10" +09° 42' 35" +08° 03' 56" −10° 14' 52" −11° 24' 39" −12° 34' 08" −12° 33' 30" −13° 39' 55" −13° 56' 41" −15° 17' 00" +04° 18' 15" +58° 20' 38" −08° 31' 32" +37° 18' 37" +34° 51' 50" +27° 58' 37" +28° 56' 17" +25° 46' 30" −11° 29' 52" −06° 29' 41" −06° 37' 21" −06° 23' 34"

Dra Vir – Com Vir – – – Vir – Vir – – Vir Vir – Vir Vir Vir Vir – Dra Vir – Vir – Vir – – – – – – Vir UMa Vir CVn – Com – – Vir Vir – –

(continued)

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9


V Mag


13 13 13 12 12 12 12.5 12 11.5 13 11 12 12.5 12.5 13 13.5 12.5 13 12 13 13 13 13 12.5 12.5 12 13 13 14 13 12.5 12 13.5 12.5 13 13 12.5 13 12 13 12.5 12 14 13 12

Vir Com Vir Hya – CVn Vir Vir – Boo Cen Vir UMa – – – Vir Hya Vir CVn CVn – – – – UMa UMa – – – Vir – Vir Boo – – Dra Vir – Vir Vir – – Lib Vir

Size 1.9 1.9 3.5 3.4 5.5 3.9 1.8 8.1 5.4 2.2 4 3.9 4.4 5.6 3.7 2.5 2.4 1.7 4.4 1.9 3.1 3.1 2.1 2.8 3.2 4.6 3.9 2.1 2.2 4.1 2.5 2.5 1.6 4.1 2.1 2.6 3.2 3.5 4.7 3 3.1 2.8 3.4 2.1 7.2


RA (2000)

Dec (2000)


−04° 20' 17" +24° 05' 42" −14° 50' 41" −24° 26' 26" −27° 25' 47" +38° 44' 02" +02° 06' 02" −17° 57' 57" −17° 53' 03" +13° 40' 33" −31° 38' 31" +03° 57' 02" +46° 06' 25" +43° 52' 18" +41° 42' 47" +39° 34' 29" −06° 03' 30" −28° 29' 23" −01° 06' 52" +33° 29' 27" +37° 54' 51" +37° 25' 32" +38° 54' 55" +40° 16' 58" +40° 21' 49" +47° 14' 07" +55° 09' 52" +59° 30' 23" +59° 44' 34" +59° 44' 30" −05° 27' 11" −06° 01' 51" +03° 14' 17" +09° 53' 31" +08° 04' 45" +07° 16' 28" +57° 55' 16" +02° 17' 27' +05° 21' 48" −09° 00' 31" +01° 40' 47" −00° 17' 27" −00° 19' 05" −19° 04' 39" −01° 05' 27" (continued)

Alexander Herschel

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V Mag

Size

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

NGC 5885 NGC 5898 NGC 5903 NGC 5905 NGC 5908 NGC 5875 NGC 5921 NGC 5949 NGC 5962 NGC 5965 NGC 5984 NGC 6412 NGC 6926 NGC 7013 NGC 7137 NGC 7252 NGC 7302 NGC 7309 NGC 7371 NGC 7385 NGC 7497 NGC 7625 NGC 7585 NGC 7678 NGC 7721 NGC 7741 NGC 7753 NGC 7769 NGC 7771 NGC 7782 NGC 7743

12 13 13 12.5 13 13.5 12 13 12.5 13.5 13 12.5 12.5 13 13.5 13 13.5 13 13 14.5 13.5 13 13 13 12.5 12 13 13 13 13 12.5

3.5 1.7 2 4.2 3.2 2.6 4.9 2.4 2.8 5.4 3 2.3 2.1 4.9 1.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2 5 1.8 2.3 2.3 3.4 4 3.4 1.8 2.7 2.4 3.1

15 h 15 m 04.0 s 15 h 18 m 13.7 s 15 h 18 m 36.9 s 15 h 15 m 23.3 s 15 h 16 m 43.3 s 15 h 09 m 13.1 s 15 h 21 m 56.5 s 15 h 28 m 00.6 s 15 h 36 m 31.7 s 15 h 34 m 01.9 s 15 h 42 m 53.3 s 17 h 29 m 37.5 s 20 h 33 m 05.9 s 21 h 03 m 33.5 s 21 h 48 m 12.9 s 15 h 21 m 56.5 s 22 h 20 m 44.9 s 15 h 21 m 56.5 s 22 h 34 m 20.3 s 22 h 49 m 54.6 s 23 h 09 m 03.3 s 15 h 21 m 56.5 s 23 h 20 m 30.1 s 23 h 28 m 27.9 s 23 h 38 m 48.7 s 23 h 43 m 54.3 s 23 h 47 m 04.9 s 23 h 51 m 03.9 s 23 h 51 m 24.6 s 23 h 53 m 53.9 s 23 h 44 m 21.1 s

−10° 05' 11" −24° 05' 54" −24° 03' 59" +55° 31' 01" +55° 24' 35" +52° 31' 42" +05° 04' 13" +64° 45' 47" +16° 36' 29" +56° 41' 09" +14° 13' 51" +75° 42' 15" −02° 01' 41" +29° 53' 40" +22° 09' 34" +05° 04' 13" −24° 40' 43" +05° 04' 13" −10° 21' 29" +11° 36' 30" +18° 10' 35" +05° 04' 13" +17° 13' 32" +22° 25' 16" −06° 31' 06" +26° 04' 31" +29° 29' 00" +20° 08' 59" +20° 06' 41" +07° 58' 14" +09° 56' 03"

Lib Lib – Dra – – Ser UMi Ser Dra Ser Dra Aql Cyg Peg PsA Aqr Aqr Aqr Peg Peg – Aqr Peg Aqr Peg And Peg – Psc –

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Chapter 10

J. L. E. Dreyer and the NGC Catalog

Fig. 10.1 John Louis Emil Dreyer (1852–1926)


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174

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John Louis Emil Dreyer (1852–1926) was born in Copenhagen into a family with a long line of military tradition. His father, a former Lieutenant General in the Danish army, was the Danish Minister for War and the Navy. His grandfather was a staff officer in Napoleon’s Army. His great grandfather was a Quarter Master General in the Danish army. At the age of fourteen John was given a book on Tycho Brahe’s observatories, and from that time on he knew he had to become an astronomer “and nothing else.” He attended the University of Copenhagen, where he studied astronomy under the guidance of Heinrich Louis d’Arrest and Hans Schjellerup. At the University of Copenhagen Dreyer excelled in history, mathematics, and physics. At the age of 22 he was appointed as the assistant to Earl of Rosse, in Parsonstown, Ireland. For the next four years he used the largest telescope of his time, the 72-in. Leviathan of Parsonstown built by Lord Rosse. The observations he made were primarily of nebula and star clusters. The original drawings based on his observations can be seen at the Armagh Observatory. Dreyer moved in 1878 to the Trinity College Observatory of Dublin University to work for Robert Stawell Ball. At the observatory he used his knowledge of the meridian circle (or meridian telescope) to observe when an object passed the meridian and at the same time measure the star’s angular distance from the zenith. Using this data along with the latitude and longitude of the observer the object’s right ascension and declination can then be computed. The concept of the meridian circle had been known since ancient times, but it was Tycho Brahe that constructed and used the first meridian quadrant. In 1882 Dreyer became the director of Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland. He would work at Armagh until he retired. The equipment at Armagh Observatory consisted of a 10-in. refractor and a micrometer. With these instruments Dreyer took measurements of stars, comets, nebulas, planets, and planetary occultations. He compared the measurements he took with the measurements in existing catalogs to correct the errors. One of the catalogs he used to compare his measurements with was the General Catalogue of Nebula (1864) by John and William Herschel. Dreyer had been correcting measurements and recording new objects since working with the Earl of Rosse. Some of these had previously been published by Lord Rosse in 1879 as a supplement to the “General Catalogue of Nebula” in the Scientific Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. Dreyer had compiled a second supplement of his observations and those of others and prepared it for publication. The Council of Royal Astronomers asked Dreyer to combine all of the catalogues into one. The General Catalogue of Nebula of John and William Herschel and the first and second supplement compiled by Dreyer and others became the source of the New General Catalog of Nebula and Star Clusters published in 1888 as a memoir for the Royal Astronomical Society. Of the 7,840 NGC objects about 78% of the New General Catalog contained objects from Herschel’s General Catalogue of Nebula. Over 400 of the objects attributed to Lord Rosse were actually observed by his assistant (Dreyer). Over 4,000 of the observations were made by a variety of other astronomers.


175

Over the next several years Dreyer continued to take measurements of new objects and correcting the measurements of objects already cataloged. In 1895 he published his Index Catalogue of Nebulae found in the years 1888 to 1894. The Index Catalogue (IC) contained 1,529 objects, with many corrections to the NGC catalog. In 1908 Dreyer published the Second Index Catalogue containing 3,857 nebula and many corrections to the NGC and IC catalogs. The book on Tycho Brahe Dreyer had read as a young man continued to influence him throughout his life. In 1890 Dreyer published a book on the life and work of Brahe that remains even today as the standard biography of Tycho Brahe. In 1906 Dreyer published another classic in the history of astronomy, The History of the Planetary System from Thales to Kepler. Dreyer retired as the director of Armagh Observatory in 1916, and he and his wife Kate moved to Oxford. During his retirement Dreyer worked on his last great work, a 15-volume edition of the works of Tycho Brahe. The last volume would be published after his death. The following tables of the NGC catalog are provided by the NGC/IC Project LLC and its major contributors, Dr. Harold G. Corwin, Jr., Steve Gottlieb, Malcolm Thomson, Robert Erdmann, and others (Tables 10.1–10.4).

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Table 10.1 These NGC objects are found in the constellations of Andromeda through Coma Berenices (Copyright © The NGC/IC Project, LLC − All rights reserved. Used with permission) NGC # Const Type Size V Mag RA (2000) Dec (2000) 5 And Gxy 13.4 1.2' × 0.7' 00 h 07 m 48.8 s +35° 21' 44" 6 And Gxy 1.7' × 1.5' 13.1 00 h 09 m 32.8 s +33° 18' 34" 11 And Gxy 1.5' × 0.3' 13.9 00 h 08 m 42.4 s +37° 26' 52" 13 And Gxy 2.5' × 0.6' 13.4 00 h 08 m 48.0 s +33° 26' 03" 19 And Gxy 1.1' × 0.6' 13.3 00 h 10 m 40.9 s +32° 58' 58" 20 And Gxy 1.5' × 1.5' 13.1 00 h 09 m 32.8 s +33° 18' 34" 21 And Gxy 1.6' × 0.7' 12.9 00 h 10 m 46.9 s +33° 21' 10" 27 And Gxy 1.2' × 0.5' 13.7 00 h 10 m 32.9 s +28° 59' 50" 29 And Gxy 1.7' × 0.8' 12.9 00 h 10 m 46.9 s +33° 21' 10" 39 And Gxy 1.1' × 1.0' 13.7 00 h 12 m 18.9 s +31° 03' 40" 43 And Gxy 1.6' × 1.5' 12.7 00 h 13 m 00.9 s +30° 54' 57" 44 And ** … … 00 h 13 m 13.3 s +31° 17' 11" 48 And Gxy 1.4' × 0.9' 13.8 00 h 14 m 02.0 s +48° 14' 06" 49 And Gxy 1.1' × 1.0' 13.8 00 h 14 m 22.3 s +48° 14' 48" 51 And Gxy 1.3' × 1.0' 13.2 00 h 14 m 34.7 s +48° 15' 20" 67 And Gxy 0.4' × 0.3' 14.8 00 h 18 m 12.5 s +30° 03' 19" 68 And Gxy 2.0' × 1.8' 13 00 h 18 m 18.5 s +30° 04' 17" 69 And Gxy 0.9' × 0.8' 14.4 00 h 18 m 20.5 s +30° 02' 23" 70 And Gxy 1.4' × 1.2' 13.7 00 h 18 m 22.5 s +30° 04' 46" 71 And Gxy 1.2' × 1.1' 13.5 00 h 18 m 23.5 s +30° 03' 47" 72 And Gxy 1.1' × 0.9' 14 00 h 18 m 28.3 s +30° 02' 26" 74 And Gxy 0.8' × 0.3' 15.3 00 h 18 m 49.3 s +30° 03' 41" 76 And Gxy 1.0' × 0.9' 13 00 h 19 m 37.7 s +29° 56' 01" 79 And Gxy 0.6' × 0.6' 14 00 h 21 m 02.9 s +22° 34' 00" 80 And Gxy 1.8' × 1.7' 12.5 00 h 21 m 10.9 s +22° 21' 26" 81 And Gxy 0.2' × 0.1' 15.7 00 h 21 m 13.3 s +22° 22' 58" 82 And * … … 00 h 21 m 17.4 s +22° 27' 41" 83 And Gxy 1.5' × 1.5' 13 00 h 21 m 22.5 s +22° 26' 01" 84 And * … … 00 h 21 m 21.3 s +22° 37' 03" 85 And Gxy 0.6' × 0.5' 14.8 00 h 21 m 25.6 s +22° 30' 43" 86 And Gxy 0.7' × 0.3' 14.8 00 h 21 m 28.7 s +22° 33' 23" 90 And Gxy 2.2' × 0.9' 13.8 00 h 21 m 51.4 s +22° 24' 00" 91 And * 1.9' × 0.8' … 00 h 21 m 51.7 s +22° 22' 06" 93 And Gxy 1.4' × 0.6' 13.6 00 h 22 m 03.3 s +22° 24' 29" 94 And Gxy 0.4' × 0.2' 14.6 00 h 22 m 13.5 s +22° 28' 59" 96 And Gxy 0.6' × 0.6' 14.6 00 h 22 m 17.7 s +22° 32' 47" 97 And Gxy 1.5' × 1.3' 12.4 00 h 22 m 30.0 s +29° 44' 43" 108 And Gxy 2.0' × 1.6' 12.2 00 h 25 m 59.7 s +29° 12' 43" 109 And Gxy 1.3' × 1.1' 14 00 h 26 m 14.5 s +21° 48' 26" 112 And Gxy 1.1' × 0.5' 13.8 00 h 26 m 48.5 s +31° 42' 14" 140 And Gxy 1.5' × 1.3' 13.4 00 h 31 m 20.3 s +30° 47' 32" 149 And Gxy 1.3' × 0.8' 13.8 00 h 33 m 50.3 s +30° 43' 25" 160 And Gxy 3.0' × 1.7' 12.4 00 h 36 m 04.1 s +23° 57' 29" (continued)

177

J. L. E. Dreyer and the NGC Catalog Table 10.1 (continued) NGC # Const Type

Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

162 169 181 183 184 205 206 214 218 221 224 226 228 229 233 243 252 258 260 262 272 280 304 317 389 393 404 425 431 464 477 512 513 523 528 529 531 536 537 542 551 561 562 573 590

… 2.6' × 0.7' 0.5' × 0.2' 2.1' × 1.6' 0.7' × 0.2' 21.9' × 11.0' … 1.9' × 1.4' 1.1' × 1.1' 8.7' × 6.5' 190.5' × 61.7' 0.9' × 0.9' 1.2' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.2' 1.7' × 1.5' 0.7' × 0.3' 1.5' × 1.1' 0.5' × 0.4' 0.9' × 0.9' 1.1' × 1.1' … 1.7' × 1.1' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.3' × 0.4' 1.7' × 1.4' 3.5' × 3.5' 1.0' × 1.0' 1.4' × 0.9' … 2.2' × 1.2' 1.6' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.3' 2.5' × 0.8' 1.7' × 1.1' 2.4' × 2.1' 1.9' × 0.5' 3.0' × 1.1' 2.5' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.2' 1.8' × 0.8' 1.6' × 1.5' 1.3' × 1.0' 0.4' × 0.4' 2.6' × 1.3'

… 12.4 14.9 12.5 14.6 8.2 … 12.4 14.3 8.3 3.6 13.4 13.9 14.1 12.5 13.7 12.5 14.2 13.7 13.9 8.5 13.5 13.1 13.5 13.9 12.2 10.2 12.7 13 … 13.2 13.4 12.9 13 12.6 11.9 13.9 12.4 13 14.8 12.9 13.1 13.5 12.8 13.1


+23° 57' 45" +23° 59' 23" +29° 28' 15" +29° 30' 35" +29° 26' 47" +41° 41' 26" +40° 44' 22" +25° 30' 00" +36° 21' 26" +40° 51' 52" +41° 16' 06" +32° 34' 51" +23° 30' 10" +23° 30' 32" +30° 35' 15" +29° 57' 31" +27° 37' 26" +27° 39' 24" +27° 41' 33" +31° 57' 26" +35° 49' 18" +24° 21' 01" +24° 07' 30" +43° 47' 31" +39° 41' 40" +39° 38' 35" +35° 43' 04" +38° 46' 07" +33° 42' 13" +34° 57' 20" +40° 29' 17" +33° 54' 29" +33° 47' 58" +34° 01' 31" +33° 40' 17" +34° 42' 47" +34° 45' 15" +34° 42' 13" +34° 01' 31" +34° 40' 32" +37° 10' 58" +34° 18' 31" +48° 23' 15" +41° 15' 25" +44° 55' 46"

And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And

* Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy GxyCld Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

178

10


Table 10.1 (continued) NGC # Const Type

Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

591 605 620 653 662 668 679 687 700 703 704 705 708 709 710 712 714 717 721 732 746 752 753 759 797 801 812 818 828 834 841 845 846 847 891 898 906 909 910 911 912 913 914 920 923

1.3' × 1.0' 2.2' × 1.1' 1.1' × 1.0' 1.5' × 0.2' 0.8' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.2' 2.1' × 2.1' 1.4' × 1.4' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.9' 0.6' × 0.6' 1.2' × 0.3' 3.0' × 2.5' …' × …' 1.3' × 1.2' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.5' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.2' 1.7' × 1.0' 1.4' × 1.0' 1.9' × 1.3' 50' 2.5' × 1.9' 1.6' × 1.4' 1.6' × 1.3' 3.2' × 0.7' 3.2' × 1.5' 3.0' × 1.3' 2.9' × 2.2' 1.1' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.0' 1.7' × 0.4' 1.9' × 1.7' 2.3' × 2.1' 13.5' × 2.5' 1.9' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.6' 0.9' × 0.9' 2.0' × 2.0' 1.7' × 0.9' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.5' × 0.2' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.5' × 1.1' 0.8' × 0.5'

13.1 13 12.9 13.6 13.7 12.8 11.9 12.3 14.6 13.3 13 13.8 12.8 14.2 13.6 12.9 13.2 14 13.1 13.6 13.1 5.7 11.9 12.5 12.7 12.9 11.6 12.1 12 13 12.3 13.8 12.3 12.3 10 13.1 13.3 13.4 12.2 12.8 14.1 15 13.2 14.1 13.9


+35° 40' 05" +41° 14' 54" +42° 19' 20" +35° 38' 19" +37° 41' 49" +36° 27' 39" +35° 47' 04" +36° 22' 15" +36° 02' 11" +36° 10' 18" +36° 07' 33" +36° 08' 39" +36° 09' 08" +36° 13' 24" +36° 03' 12" +36° 49' 12" +36° 13' 17" +36° 13' 45" +39° 22' 55" +36° 48' 05" +44° 55' 05" +37° 51' 00" +35° 54' 58" +36° 20' 33" +38° 07' 01" +38° 15' 32" +44° 34' 12" +38° 46' 36" +39° 11' 29" +37° 39' 59" +37° 29' 50" +37° 28' 36" +44° 34' 06" +44° 34' 06" +42° 21' 03" +41° 57' 05" +42° 05' 24" +42° 02' 08" +41° 49' 27" +41° 57' 23" +41° 46' 38" +41° 47' 54" +42° 08' 39" +45° 56' 49" +41° 58' 42"

And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

179


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

933 937 946 956 980 982 995 996 999 1000 7440 7445 7446 7449 7618 7640 7662 7686 7707 7831 7836 2904 2973 2997 3001 3038 3046 3051 3056 3082 3084 3087 3089 3095 3100 3103 3108 3113 3120 3125 3137 3157 3173 3175 3223

1.3' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.5' 1.4' × 1.0' 7.0' 1.7' × 0.9' 1.5' × 0.6' 1.7' × 1.2' 1.4' × 1.4' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.6' 1.4' × 1.1' 0.7' × 0.2' 0.9' × 0.9' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.2' × 1.0' 10.5' × 2.0' 32" × 28" 14' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.7' × 0.4' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.5' × 1.0' … 8.9' × 6.8' 2.9' × 1.9' 2.5' × 1.3' 2.1' × 1.9' 2.1' × 1.9' 1.8' × 1.1' 1.8' × 0.7' 1.7' × 1.2' 2.5' × 2.0' 1.8' × 1.0' 3.5' × 2.0' 3.2' × 1.6' 2.8' × 1.7' 2.5' × 1.8' 3.3' × 1.2' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.5' × 0.8' 6.3' × 2.2' 2.5' × 0.5' 2.1' × 1.7' 5.0' × 1.3' 4.1' × 2.5'

14.3 14.4 13.3 … 13.1 12.7 13.5 13.1 13.7 14.6 13.6 14.6 14.2 14.1 13.1 10.9 8.3 5.6 13.5 13 13.8 12.8 … 9.6 11.8 12 11.8 11.9 11.7 12.6 12.5 11.9 12.6 11.9 11.3 11.1 11.6 12.8 12.9 12.4 11.7 13.4 13 11.3 11.2


+45° 54' 40" +42° 15' 00" +42° 13' 59" +44° 35' 37" +40° 55' 35" +40° 52' 11" +41° 31' 46" +41° 38' 51" +41° 40' 14" +41° 27' 35" +35° 48' 09" +39° 06' 27" +39° 04' 58" +39° 08' 44" +42° 51' 09" +40° 50' 44" +42° 32' 06" +49° 08' 03" +44° 18' 14" +32° 36' 34" +33° 04' 15" −30° 23' 02" −30° 02' 54" −31° 11' 25" −30° 26' 18" −32° 45' 15" −27° 17' 12" −27° 17' 12" −28° 17' 55" −30° 21' 28" −27° 07' 43" −34° 13' 34" −28° 19' 54" −31° 33' 14" −31° 39' 53" −31° 39' 53" −31° 40' 34" −28° 26' 42" −34° 13' 16" −29° 56' 10" −29° 03' 52" −31° 38' 35" −27° 41' 38" −28° 52' 17" −34° 16' 03"

And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant

Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy PN OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy *** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

180

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

3224 3241 3244 3249 3250 3257 3258 3260 3267 3268 3269 3271 3273 3275 3276 3278 3281 3289 3302 3333 3347 3354 3358 3378 3449 5612 5799 5833 5967 6101 6151 6209 6392 6709 6724 6735 6738 6741 6749 6751 6755 6756 6760 6772 6773

1.9' × 1.5' 2.2' × 1.5' 2.0' × 1.5' 1.6' × 1.3' 2.8' × 2.0' 1.0' × 0.9' 2.9' × 2.5' 1.2' × 1.0' 1.9' × 1.1' 3.2' × 2.6' 2.5' × 1.1' 3.1' × 1.8' 1.7' × 0.8' 2.8' × 2.1' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.3' × 0.9' 3.3' × 1.7' 2.2' × 0.6' 1.7' × 1.2' 2.0' × 0.4' 3.6' × 2.1' 0.8' × 0.7' 3.3' × 1.9' 1.5' × 1.4' 3.3' × 1.0' 1.9' × 1.0' 1.3' × 1.0' 3.1' × 2.3' 2.9' × 1.7' 10.7' 0.5' 2.0' × 1.6' 1.3' × 1.3' 13' 5' × 3' 10' 15' 9" × 7" 6.3' 21" × 21" 14' 4.0' 6.6' 70" × 56" 10'

12.2 12.4 12.6 13.3 11.2 13.1 11.7 12.8 12.6 11.6 12.3 11.9 12.6 11.8 13.5 12.5 12 12.8 12.6 13.3 11.6 12.8 11.6 13 12.3 12.3 13.4 12 12.2 9.2 … 11.8 11.7 6.7 … … 8.3 11.5 12.4 11.9 7.5 10.6 9 12.7 …


−34° 41' 47" −32° 29' 01" −39° 49' 43" −34° 57' 52" −39° 56' 42" −35° 39' 30" −35° 36' 19" −35° 35' 47" −35° 19' 17" −35° 19' 32" −35° 13' 28" −35° 21' 34" −35° 36' 38" −36° 44' 15" −39° 56' 43" −39° 57' 23" −34° 51' 17" −35° 19' 24" −32° 21' 32" −36° 02' 12" −36° 21' 11" −36° 21' 46" −36° 24' 37" −40° 00' 57" −32° 55' 34" −78° 23' 18" −72° 25' 57" −72° 51' 31" −75° 40' 24" −72° 12' 06" −73° 15' 09" −72° 35' 11" −69° 47' 06" +10° 19' 07" +10° 25' 43" −00° 28' 31" +11° 36' 56" −00° 26' 58" +01° 54' 02" −05° 59' 32" +04° 15' 59" +04° 42' 21" +01° 01' 50" −02° 42' 25" +04° 51' 24"

Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Ant Aps Aps Aps Aps Aps Aps Aps Aps Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy GC Ast Gxy Gxy OC OC OC OC PN GC PN OC OC GC PN OC

(continued)

181


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

6775 6778 6781 6785 6790 6795 6803 6804 6807 6814 6821 6828 6837 6840 6843 6852 6858 6859 6863 6865 6900 6901 6906 6915 6922 6926 6929 6941 6945 6959 6961 6962 6963 6964 6965 6966 6967 6968 6973 6975 6976 6977 6978 6980 6981

7' 25" × 19" 1.9' × 1.8' 25" × 19" 9.6" × 5.4" … 5" × 5" 62" × 49" 2" 3.0' × 2.8' 1.2' × 1.0' 12' × 10' 6' × 3' 8' × 10' 6' × 8' 28" 5' … … 0.8' × 0.6' 0.7' × 0.6' 1.4' × 0.6' 1.7' × 0.8' 1.4' × 1.0' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.9' × 1.3' 0.8' × 0.7' 2.0' × 1.4' 1.0' × 0.5' 0.6' × 0.3' 0.6' × 0.5' 2.9' × 2.3' … 1.7' × 1.3' 0.7' × 0.7' … 1.0' × 0.7' 1.4' × 1.1' … 1.0' × 0.2' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.5' × 0.7' … 5.9'

… 12.3 11.4 12.3 10.5 … 11.4 12 12 11.3 13.1 … 12 … … 12.6 … … … 15 13.5 13.9 13 12.3 13.6 12.7 13.8 12.8 13.4 13.8 13.8 12.3 … 12.8 14.1 … 13.3 13.3 … 14 14 13.3 13.3 … 9.2


−00° 56' 00" −01° 35' 47" +06° 32' 19" −01° 35' 47" +01° 30' 47" +03° 30' 52" +10° 03' 22" +09° 13' 31" +05° 41' 03" −10° 19' 24" −06° 50' 02" +07° 54' 09" +11° 41' 56" +12° 06' 53" +12° 09' 50" +01° 43' 41" +11° 15' 34" +00° 26' 41" −03° 33' 19" −09° 02' 29" −02° 34' 12" +06° 25' 48" +06° 26' 36" −03° 04' 39" −02° 11' 29" −02° 01' 41" −02° 02' 15" −04° 37' 06" −04° 58' 22" +00° 25' 48" +00° 21' 48" +00° 19' 13" +00° 30' 32" +00° 18' 03" +00° 29' 01" +00° 22' 04" +00° 24' 40" −08° 21' 35" −05° 53' 41" −05° 46' 19" −05° 46' 19" −05° 44' 46" −05° 42' 39" −05° 50' 16" −12° 32' 13"

Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

OC PN PN PN PN Ast PN PN PN Gxy Gxy OC OC OC OC PN OC *** Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy * Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy * GC

(continued)

182

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

6985 6994 7001 7005 7009 7010 7047 7051 7065 7069 7077 7081 7088 7089 7108 7111 7120 7121 7164 7165 7167 7170 7171 7180 7181 7182 7183 7184 7185 7188 7189 7198 7211 7215 7218 7220 7222 7230 7239 7246 7247 7251 7252 7254 7255

1.5' × 0.8' 2.8' 1.4' × 1.1' … 44" × 23" 1.9' × 1.0' 1.2' × 0.7' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.9' 1.3' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.7' 1.1' × 1.1' … 13' 0.5' × 0.3' 0.5' × 0.3' 0.8' × 0.4' 1.1' × 0.5' 0.9' × 0.6' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.4' 1.2' × 0.8' 2.6' × 1.5' 1.6' × 0.7' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.9' × 0.4' 3.8' × 1.1' 6.0' × 1.5' 2.3' × 1.5' 1.6' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.0' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.4 2.5' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.2' × 1.2' 0.9' × 0.9' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.4' × 0.7' 1.4' × 0.9' 1.9' × 1.7' 1.9' × 1.6' 1.4' × 0.7' 1.3' × 0.4'

13.8 8.9 13.2 … 8 13 13.6 13 13.7 13.5 13.2 12.9 … 6.6 14.1 14.1 14.4 13.8 14.3 13.7 12.7 13.5 12 12.7 14.1 14.5 12.1 11.4 12.2 13.4 13.7 13.4 14.3 14 12.2 13.6 14 14.1 14.8 14.5 12.8 12.7 11.7 13.2 14.1


−11° 06' 15" −12° 38' 08" −00° 11' 45" −12° 52' 50" −11° 21' 49" −12° 20' 18" −00° 49' 34" −08° 46' 59" −06° 59' 42" −01° 38' 48" +02° 24' 50" +02° 29' 28" −00° 22' 57" −00° 49' 23" −06° 42' 33" −06° 42' 33" −06° 31' 26" −03° 37' 12" +01° 21' 50" −16° 30' 44" −24° 38' 01" −05° 25' 58" −13° 16' 11" −20° 32' 54" −01° 57' 37" −02° 11' 48" −18° 55' 03" −20° 48' 46" −20° 28' 18" −20° 19' 02" +00° 34' 16" −00° 38' 54" −08° 05' 24" +00° 30' 41" −16° 39' 40" −22° 57' 13" +02° 06' 19" −17° 04' 29" −05° 03' 12" −15° 34' 15" −23° 43' 52" −15° 46' 27" −24° 40' 43" −21° 44' 13" −15° 32' 29"

Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

Gxy Ast Gxy Ast PN Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF GC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

183


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

7256 7257 7260 7266 7269 7284 7285 7287 7288 7293 7298 7300 7301 7302 7308 7309 7310 7341 7344 7349 7351 7359 7364 7365 7371 7377 7378 7381 7391 7392 7393 7399 7406 7416 7425 7441 7443 7444 7447 7450 7453 7471 7481 7491 7492

1.4' × 0.6' 1.9' × 1.4' 1.9' × 1.4' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.7' 2.1' × 1.5' 2.3' × 1.4' … 2.3' × 1.5' 17.57' 1.3' × 1.1' 2.0' × 1.0' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.8' 0.9' × 0.7' 2.4' × 1.0' 1.3' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.0 2.3' × 0.6' 1.7' × 1.0' 1.5' × 1.0' 2.1' × 2.0' 3.0' × 2.5' 1.4' × 0.9' 0.7' × 0.4' 1.7' × 1.5' 2.1' × 1.3' 1.8' × 0.7' 0.8' × 0.3' 1.1' × 0.6' 3.2' × 0.9' 0.7' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.4' × 0.5' 2.0' × 0.9' … 1.8' × 1.8' … … … 1.0' × 0.7' 6.2'

13.3 12.9 12.9 13.9 13.7 12.1 12.1 … 13 7.3 13.7 12.6 13.4 12 13.7 12.3 14.1 12.6 13.7 14.4 12.9 12.5 12.8 12.6 11.9 11.1 12.7 14.4 12.4 12.1 12.9 13.7 14.1 12.4 14.7 13.8 12.9 12.9 … 13.2 … … … 13.8 11.2


−21° 44' 13" −04° 07' 15" −04° 07' 15" −04° 04' 25" −13° 10' 01" −24° 50' 42" −24° 50' 28" −22° 07' 00" −02° 53' 04" −20° 50' 14" −14° 11' 19" −14° 00' 13" −17° 34' 27" −14° 07' 16" −12° 56' 02" −10° 21' 29" −22° 29' 08" −22° 40' 01" −04° 09' 33" −21° 47' 49" −04° 26' 42" −23° 41' 18" −00° 09' 45" −19° 57' 07" −11° 00' 04" −22° 18' 43" −11° 49' 01" −19° 43' 27" −01° 32' 41" −20° 36' 21" −05° 33' 26" −09° 16' 05" −06° 34' 48" −05° 29' 42" −10° 57' 01" −07° 22' 45" −12° 48' 29" −12° 50' 04" −10° 31' 41" −12° 55' 06" −06° 21' 24" −22° 54' 25" −19° 56' 23" −05° 58' 02" −15° 36' 41"

Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy *** Gxy PN Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy *** NF NF Gxy GC

(continued)

184

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

7494 7498 7502 7520 7522 7526 7573 7576 7585 7592 7596 7600 7606 7646 7656 7663 7665 7666 7692 7709 7717 7719 7721 7723 7724 7725 7727 7730 7736 7754 7758 7759 7761 7763 7776 6188 6193 6200 6204 6208 6215 6221 6250 6253 6300

0.8' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.5' … 1.3' × 0.8' … … 1.3' × 1.1' 1.2' × 1.0' 2.3' × 2.0' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.0' × 0.5' 2.5' × 1.1' 5.4' × 2.1' 0.9' × 0.6' 1.2' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.7' … 0.5' × 0.4' 2.3' × 0.6' 1.4' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.7' 3.5' × 1.4' 3.5' × 2.3' 1.4' × 1.0' 0.8' × 0.7' 4.7' × 3.5' 0.7' × 0.3' 1.7' × 1.5' 0.6' × 0.3' 0.7' × 0.5' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.2' × 1.2' 0.7' × 0.4' 0.8' × 0.2' 20' × 12' 14' 12' 5' 15' 2.1' × 1.8' 3.5' × 2.5' 7' 5' 4.5' × 3.0'

14.5 14.4 … … … … 13.2 12.9 11.7 13.5 14.2 12 10.9 14 13.4 14.5 13.3 … 14.8 12.7 12.8 14.2 11.8 11.2 13.5 13.8 10.8 14.3 12.7 14.6 14.5 13.5 13.1 14.3 14.5 … 5.2 7.4 8.2 7.2 11.2 10.6 5.9 10.2 10.3


−24° 22' 11" −24° 25' 31" −21° 44' 15" −23° 28' 10" −22° 53' 42" −09° 13' 18" −22° 09' 16" −04° 43' 42" −04° 39' 04" −04° 25' 01" −06° 54' 41" −07° 34' 50" −08° 29' 08" −11° 51' 37" −19° 03' 33" −04° 57' 58" −09° 23' 15" −04° 11' 11" −05° 35' 48" −16° 42' 19" −15° 07' 09" −22° 58' 31" −06° 31' 06" −12° 57' 41" −12° 13' 29" −04° 32' 22" −12° 17' 36" −20° 30' 34" −19° 27' 11" −16° 36' 04" −22° 01' 27" −16° 32' 28" −13° 22' 54" −16° 35' 24" −13° 35' 12" −48° 39' 44" −48° 45' 45" −47° 27' 45" −47° 01' 01" −53° 43' 42" −58° 59' 33" −59° 13' 00" −45° 56' 12" −52° 42' 32" −62° 49' 15"

Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Aqr Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara

Gxy Gxy *** Gxy * Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Neb OC OC OC OC Gxy Gxy OC OC Gxy

(continued)

185


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

6305 6326 6328 6352 6362 6397 671 673 674 675 677 678 680 683 691 694 695 697 711 716 719 722 765 770 772 774 776 781 786 792 794 803 810 817 820 821 870 871 876 877 882 900 901 903 904

1.8' × 1.2' 15" × 10" 2.4' × 1.4' 7.1' 10.7' 25.7' 1.5' × 0.5' 2.1' × 1.7' 4.5' × 1.5' 1.2' × 0.5' 2.0' × 2.0' 4.5' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.6' 1.0' × 1.0' 3.5' × 2.6' 3.8' × 2.5' 0.8' × 0.7' 4.5' × 1.5' 1.6' × 0.8' 1.8' × 0.8' 1.4' × 1.1' 1.7' × 0.5' 2.8' × 2.8' 1.2' × 0.9' 7.2' × 4.3' 1.5' × 1.2' 1.7' × 1.7' 1.5' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.6' 1.7' × 1.0' 1.3' × 1.1' 3.0' × 1.3' 1.7' × 1.3' 0.7' × 0.3' 1.3' × 0.8' 2.6' × 1.6' 0.1' × 0.1' 1.2' × 0.5' 2.1' × 0.4' 2.4' × 1.8' 1.1' × 0.6' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.1' × 0.7' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.2' × 0.9'

12.1 … 12.5 7.8 8.1 5.3 13.3 12.5 12 14.4 12.7 12.5 11.9 13.7 12.3 12.3 12.9 12 13.2 13.1 13.3 13.6 13 13 10.4 13.1 12.6 13.3 13.5 13.2 12.8 12.6 13.9 13.2 13 11.2 15.5 13.2 13.8 11.8 13.7 13.8 14.8 15.7 13.7


−59° 10' 17" −51° 45' 16" −65° 00' 37" −48° 25' 22" −67° 02' 53" −53° 40' 25" +13° 07' 35" +11° 31' 23" +22° 21' 28" +13° 03' 33" +13° 03' 18" +21° 59' 51" +21° 58' 14" +11° 42' 04" +21° 45' 35" +21° 59' 55" +22° 34' 59" +22° 21' 28" +17° 30' 47" +12° 42' 30" +19° 50' 24" +20° 41' 53" +24° 53' 30" +18° 57' 19" +19° 00' 22" +14° 00' 30" +23° 38' 37" +12° 39' 19" +15° 38' 48" +15° 42' 44" +18° 22' 23" +16° 01' 54" +13° 15' 05" +17° 12' 05" +14° 20' 57" +10° 59' 44" +14° 31' 20" +14° 32' 52" +14° 31' 16" +14° 32' 50" +15° 48' 51" +26° 30' 42" +26° 33' 25" +27° 21' 23" +27° 20' 32"

Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari

Gxy PN Gxy GC GC GC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

186

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

915 916 918 919 924 927 928 930 932 935 938 962 972 976 984 990 992 1012 1024 1028 1029 1030 1036 1054 1056 1059 1088 1109 1111 1112 1113 1115 1116 1117 1127 1134 1156 1166 1168 1170 1236 1240 1664 1724 1778

0.7' × 0.7' 0.9' × 0.3' 3.5' × 2.0' 1.3' × 0.3' 2.3' × 1.3' 1.2' × 1.2' 0.7' × 0.3' … 1.8' × 1.7' 1.7' × 1.1' 1.6' × 1.2' …' × …' 3.3' × 1.7' 1.5' × 1.2' 3.0' × 2.0' 1.8' × 1.5' 0.9' × 0.7' 2.5' × 1.1' 3.9' × 1.4' 0.8' × 0.3' 1.4' × 0.4' 1.6' × 0.7' 1.4' × 1.0' 0.9' × 0.5' 2.3' × 1.1' … 1.2' × 0.7' 1.3' × 1.0' 0.5' × 0.2' 1.2' × 0.9' … 0.6' × 0.2' 1.5' × 0.3' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.0' × 1.0' 2.5' × 0.9' 3.3' × 2.5' 1.2' × 1.1' 1.3' × 0.8' … 0.5' × 0.3' … 18' 2.0' 6'

14.2 15.3 13.1 14.7 12.5 13.6 14 … 12.5 13.1 12.5 13 11.4 12.3 12.9 12.5 14.2 12.2 12.6 14.8 13.3 13.5 13 13.9 12.6 … 13.6 14.2 15.2 13.9 … 14.8 14.5 14.3 14.6 12.3 11.7 14.2 14.4 … 14.7 … 7.6 … 7.7


+27° 13' 15" +27° 14' 33" +18° 29' 50" +27° 12' 43" +20° 29' 55" +12° 09' 21" +27° 13' 15" +20° 20' 30" +20° 19' 56" +19° 35' 59" +20° 17' 02" +28° 04' 13" +29° 18' 42" +20° 58' 35" +23° 24' 47" +11° 38' 30" +21° 06' 02" +30° 09' 05" +10° 50' 49" +10° 50' 38" +10° 47' 37" +18° 01' 23" +19° 17' 49" +18° 13' 03" +28° 34' 26" +17° 59' 48" +16° 11' 59" +13° 15' 20" +13° 15' 31" +13° 13' 25" +13° 19' 39" +13° 15' 59" +13° 20' 05" +13° 11' 07" +13° 15' 24" +13° 00' 53" +25° 14' 11" +11° 50' 34" +11° 46' 17" +27° 04' 19" +10° 48' 30" +30° 30' 26" +43° 40' 28" +49° 29' 30" +37° 01' 22"

Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Ari Aur Aur Aur

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy * Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy ** OC OC OC

(continued)

187


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

1790 1798 1857 1883 1893 1907 1912 1931 1960 1985 2013 2099 2126 2165 2192 2208 2240 2242 2281 2303 2387 5239 5248 5249 5251 5293 5332 5405 5409 5411 5414 5416 5417 5418 5423 5424 5431 5434 5436 5437 5438 5446 5454 5456 5459

… 5' 5' 2.5' 11' 6' 21' 1.0' 12' 70" … 23' 6' 6' 5' 1.7' × 1.0' … 0.5' 14' 1.5' × 1.5' 0.5' × 0.4' 1.8' × 1.2' 6.2' × 4.5' 1.5' × 1.1' 0.7' × 0.7' 1.9' × 1.5' 0.9' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.8' 1.7' × 1.1' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.5' × 0.6' 1.1' × 0.5' 1.5' × 0.9' 1.6' × 1.3' 0.7' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.8' 1.1' × 0.5' 0.8' × 0.4' 0.8' × 0.8' 0.8' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.3' 1.2' × 1.0' 1.1' × 1.0'

… 10 7 12 7.5 8.2 6.4 10.1 6 … … 5.6 10.2 … 10.9 12.9 … 15 5.4 12.7 14.5 13 10 13 13.9 13.1 13.3 13.8 13.2 13.4 12.8 13.2 13.2 13.6 12.7 12.7 14.3 12.9 14 14.3 13.6 13.6 12.8 13 13.2


+52° 03' 35" +47° 41' 20" +39° 20' 37" +46° 29' 25" +33° 25' 13" +35° 19' 32" +35° 51' 18" +34° 14' 42" +34° 08' 27" +31° 59' 20" +55° 47' 37" +32° 33' 11" +49° 51' 57" +51° 40' 38" +39° 51' 19" +51° 54' 33" +35° 15' 01" +44° 46' 38" +41° 04' 44" +45° 29' 34" +36° 52' 46" +07° 22' 10" +08° 53' 08" +15° 58' 19" +27° 25' 09" +16° 16' 22" +16° 58' 10" +07° 42' 07" +09° 29' 24" +08° 56' 16" +09° 55' 46" +09° 26' 23" +08° 02' 12" +07° 41' 02" +09° 20' 28" +09° 25' 15" +09° 21' 47" +09° 26' 57" +09° 34' 24" +09° 31' 26" +09° 36' 38" +09° 36' 38" +14° 22' 55" +11° 52' 17" +13° 07' 54"

Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Aur Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo

Ast OC OC OC OC + Neb OC OC OC + Neb OC Neb OC OC OC OC OC Gxy OC PN OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

188

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5463 5466 5469 5482 5487 5490 5492 5497 5498 5499 5500 5504 5505 5508 5509 5511 5512 5513 5514 5515 5517 5518 5519 5520 5522 5523 5524 5525 5527 5528 5529 5531 5532 5533 5535 5536 5538 5539 5541 5542 5543 5544 5545 5546 5548

1.2' × 0.5' 11' 0.5' × 0.4' 1.2' × 0.9' 0.9' × 0.4' 2.4' × 2.0' 2.4' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.8' 0.9' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.9' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.8' 0.4' × 0.2' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.9' × 1.1' 2.2' × 1.1' 1.3' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.8' 0.7' × 0.7' 2.1' × 1.2' 2.0' × 1.1' 1.9' × 0.4' 4.6' × 1.3' … 1.4' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.7' 0.8' × 0.3' 6.2' × 0.8' 0.3' × 0.2' 1.6' × 1.6' 3.1' × 1.9' 0.3' × 0.3' 0.9' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.2' 0.4' × 0.3' 0.8' × 0.5' 0.4' × 0.3' 0.6' × 0.3' 1.0' × 1.0' 1.3' × 0.4' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.9' × 1.7'

12.9 9.2 13.9 13 14 11.9 13 14.3 13.7 13.6 13.4 13.2 13.4 13.2 14.1 14.5 14.4 12.7 13.3 13.1 14 14 13.3 12.7 13.7 12.3 … 13 14.4 14.1 12.2 13.7 11.9 11.9 15 13.7 14.7 14.6 12.7 14.3 14.7 13.3 14.1 12.8 12.1


+09° 21' 11" +28° 31' 49" +08° 38' 55" +08° 55' 55" +08° 04' 08" +17° 32' 44" +19° 36' 43" +38° 53' 36" +25° 41' 53" +35° 54' 47" +48° 32' 45" +15° 50' 30" +13° 18' 17" +24° 38' 07" +20° 23' 12" +08° 37' 55" +30° 51' 18" +20° 24' 58" +07° 39' 36" +39° 18' 35" +35° 42' 38" +20° 50' 54" +07° 30' 56" +50° 20' 53" +15° 08' 48" +25° 19' 03" +36° 22' 53" +14° 16' 57" +36° 24' 15" +08° 17' 34" +36° 13' 35" +10° 53' 06" +10° 48' 26" +35° 20' 37" +08° 12' 29" +39° 30' 08" +07° 28' 35" +08° 10' 46" +39° 35' 19" +07° 33' 31" +07° 39' 16" +36° 34' 16" +36° 34' 31" +07° 33' 51" +25° 08' 12"

Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo

Gxy GC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

189


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5550 5553 5557 5559 5562 5567 5568 5570 5571 5572 5579 5580 5581 5582 5583 5586 5587 5588 5589 5590 5591 5594 5596 5598 5600 5601 5602 5603 5608 5609 5610 5611 5613 5614 5615 5616 5621 5622 5623 5624 5625 5627 5628 5629 5630

1.2' × 0.8' 1.3' × 0.3' 2.3' × 1.9' 1.4' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.7' 1.1' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.6' 2.1' × 1.2' … 1.2' × 0.9' 1.9' × 1.4' 1.8' × 1.8' 0.8' × 0.7' 2.8' × 1.7' 0.8' × 0.6' … 2.6' × 0.8' 1.3' × 1.3' 1.1' × 1.1' 1.8' × 1.8' 1.5' × 0.7' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.5' × 1.0' 1.4' × 1.4' 0.9' × 0.3' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.1' × 1.1' 2.6' × 1.3' 0.3' × 0.2' 2.0' × 0.7' 1.3' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.8' 2.5' × 2.0' 0.2' × 0.2' 2.1' × 0.4' … 1.7' × 1.0' 1.6' × 1.1' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.8' 1.6' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.8' × 1.8' 2.2' × 0.7'

13.3 14.3 11.2 14.2 13.6 14 15 13.3 … 14.4 13.8 12.3 14.1 11.8 13.5 … 12.7 13.3 13.5 12.4 13.4 14.2 13.5 13.1 12 14.7 12.9 13 13.5 15.7 13.4 12.7 14.3 11.8 14.7 14 … 13.4 12.6 13.2 14 13 13.4 12.6 13.1


+12° 52' 58" +26° 17' 14" +36° 29' 36" +24° 47' 55" +10° 15' 46" +35° 08' 17" +35° 05' 32" +07° 30' 56" +35° 09' 03" +36° 08' 25" +35° 11' 17" +35° 12' 16" +23° 28' 47" +39° 41' 36" +13° 13' 55" +13° 11' 03" +13° 55' 03" +35° 16' 13" +35° 16' 13" +35° 12' 16" +13° 43' 00" +26° 15' 56" +37° 07' 19" +40° 19' 11" +14° 38' 20" +40° 18' 34" +50° 30' 07" +40° 22' 38" +41° 46' 31" +34° 50' 35" +24° 36' 51" +33° 02' 51" +34° 53' 32" +34° 51' 34" +34° 51' 55" +36° 27' 42" +08° 14' 25" +48° 33' 50" +33° 15' 09" +51° 35' 09" +39° 57' 26" +11° 22' 42" +17° 55' 28" +25° 50' 55" +41° 15' 27"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

190

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5633 5635 5637 5639 5641 5642 5644 5646 5647 5648 5649 5653 5654 5655 5656 5657 5659 5660 5665 5666 5669 5672 5673 5675 5676 5677 5681 5682 5683 5684 5685 5686 5687 5689 5693 5695 5696 5697 5698 5699 5700 5702 5703 5704 5706

2.0' × 1.2' 2.3' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.4' × 0.9' 2.5' × 1.3' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.4' × 1.4' 1.5' × 0.4' 1.1' × 0.3' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.7' × 1.3' 1.6' × 1.0' 1.1' × 0.9' 1.9' × 1.5' 1.9' × 0.8' 1.6' × 0.4' 2.8' × 2.5' 1.9' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.8' 4.0' × 2.8' 0.9' × 0.6' 2.5' × 0.6' 2.8' × 1.0' 4.0' × 1.9' 0.9' × 0.7' 0.9' × 0.6' 1.7' × 0.6' 1.3' × 0.6' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.1' × 1.0' 0.4' × 0.4' 2.6' × 1.9' 3.5' × 1.0' 1.8' × 1.5' 1.5' × 1.1' 2.0' × 1.5' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.9' × 0.9' 0.4' × 0.3' 1.0' × 0.4' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.6' × 0.4' 1.7' × 0.6' 0.4' × 0.3'

12.2 12.9 13.9 13.7 12.4 12.7 12.6 14.4 14.2 13.3 13.3 12.3 13.1 13.3 12 13.5 14.1 11.6 12.2 12.8 11.5 14.1 13.4 13 11.1 13.9 13.5 14.2 14.4 13 13.4 14.4 11.8 11.7 13.6 12.7 13.2 13.9 13.2 14.8 14.4 13.4 13.6 13.3 14.8


+46° 08' 48" +27° 24' 32" +23° 11' 29" +30° 24' 46" +28° 49' 17" +30° 01' 34" +11° 55' 41" +35° 27' 42" +11° 52' 35" +14° 01' 22" +14° 01' 22" +31° 12' 54" +36° 21' 35" +13° 58' 08" +35° 19' 15" +29° 10' 50" +25° 21' 19" +49° 37' 20" +08° 04' 45" +10° 30' 38" +09° 53' 31" +31° 40' 11" +49° 57' 30" +36° 18' 07" +49° 27' 26" +25° 28' 03" +08° 18' 01" +48° 40' 15" +48° 39' 41" +36° 32' 34" +29° 54' 30" +36° 30' 10" +54° 28' 32" +48° 44' 29" +48° 35' 06" +36° 34' 03" +41° 49' 40" +41° 41' 07" +38° 27' 17" +30° 27' 59" +48° 32' 41" +20° 30' 22" +30° 26' 32" +40° 27' 24" +30° 27' 59"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

191


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5707 5708 5709 5710 5711 5714 5717 5720 5721 5722 5723 5724 5727 5730 5731 5732 5735 5736 5737 5739 5747 5748 5751 5752 5753 5754 5755 5758 5759 5760 5762 5763 5767 5769 5771 5772 5773 5778 5780 5782 5783 5784 5785 5787 5788

2.6' × 0.5' 1.6' × 0.6' 1.6' × 0.4' 1.2' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.6' 3.2' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.6' 2.2' × 1.5' 0.3' × 0.2' 0.3' × 0.3' 0.6' × 0.2' 0.1' × 0.1' 2.2' × 1.2' 1.8' × 0.4' 1.6' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.7' 2.4' × 1.9' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.3' × 0.8' 2.3' × 2.1' 1.0' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.5' 1.5' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.3' 0.5' × 0.3' 2.0' × 1.8' 1.7' × 1.3' 1.0' × 0.9' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.5' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.3' 0.5' × 0.5' 0.9' × 0.6' 0.3' × 0.3' 0.4' × 0.3' 2.1' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.7' 0.8' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.7' 2.9' × 1.8' 1.9' × 1.8' 2.8' × 1.6' 1.1' × 1.0' 0.6' × 0.4'

12.7 13.4 13.8 13 14.1 13.6 14.8 13.6 14.9 14.7 15 15.9 13.7 14.2 13.3 13.7 12.5 14.3 13.7 12.3 13.6 14.5 13.4 14.1 15 13.1 13.5 13.6 14.3 13.5 13.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 13.6 13 13.5 13.9 14.1 13.7 13 12.5 12.9 13.2 14.9


+51° 33' 42" +40° 27' 24" +30° 26' 32" +20° 02' 35" +19° 59' 25" +46° 38' 17" +46° 39' 46" +50° 48' 53" +46° 40' 29" +46° 39' 56" +46° 41' 23" +46° 41' 32" +33° 59' 21" +42° 44' 31" +42° 46' 45" +38° 38' 15" +28° 43' 34" +11° 12' 10" +18° 52' 47" +41° 50' 32" +12° 07' 54" +21° 54' 58" +53° 24' 02" +38° 43' 44" +38° 48' 21" +38° 43' 54" +38° 46' 47" +13° 40' 05" +13° 27' 24" +18° 30' 06" +12° 27' 26" +12° 29' 25" +47° 22' 33" +07° 55' 54" +29° 50' 43" +40° 35' 56" +29° 48' 26" +18° 38' 32" +28° 56' 22" +11° 51' 41" +52° 04' 33" +42° 33' 28" +52° 04' 33" +42° 30' 24" +52° 02' 38"



(continued)

192

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5789 5790 5794 5795 5797 5798 5804 5805 5818 5820 5821 5825 5827 5828 5829 5830 5835 5837 5840 5842 5851 5852 5853 5856 5857 5859 5860 5874 5875 5876 5884 5886 5888 5889 5893 5895 5896 5899 5900 5901 5902 5914 5918 5922 5923

0.9' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.0' × 1.0' 1.6' × 0.3' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.4' × 1.0' 1.3' × 1.1' 0.4' × 0.3' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.7' × 1.1' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.1' × 0.9' 0.6' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.5' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.1' × 0.9' 1.0' × 0.6' … 0.4' × 0.4' 1.1' × 0.3' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.0' … 1.2' × 0.6' 2.9' × 0.9' 0.7' × 0.7' 2.3' × 1.6' 2.5' × 1.2' 2.4' × 1.2' … 0.9' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.3' × 1.1' 0.8' × 0.2' 0.3' × 0.2' 3.2' × 1.2' 1.7' × 0.5' … 1.0' × 0.9' 0.7' × 0.4' 1.9' × 0.8' … 1.8' × 1.8'

13.7 13.8 13.6 14 13 13.2 13.3 15 13.8 11.7 13.7 13.9 13.2 13.6 13.1 14.4 14.6 13.7 … 14.3 14.3 13.7 13.7 … 13.4 12.5 13.2 13.2 12.6 12.9 … 14 13.6 15.4 13.4 14.3 15 12 14.2 … 13.2 14.4 13.4 … 13.6


+30° 14' 03" +08° 17' 07" +49° 43' 32" +49° 23' 55" +49° 41' 46" +29° 58' 07" +49° 40' 07" +49° 37' 44" +49° 49' 16" +53° 53' 09" +53° 55' 23" +18° 38' 32" +25° 57' 52" +49° 59' 35" +23° 20' 00" +47° 52' 30" +48° 52' 38" +12° 38' 00" +29° 30' 22" +21° 04' 10" +12° 51' 31" +12° 50' 48" +39° 31' 20" +18° 26' 33" +19° 35' 51" +19° 34' 56" +42° 38' 30" +54° 45' 09" +52° 31' 42" +54° 30' 22" +31° 51' 42" +41° 14' 00" +41° 15' 52" +41° 19' 41" +41° 57' 32" +42° 00' 28" +42° 01' 27" +42° 02' 58" +42° 12' 33" +42° 13' 50" +50° 19' 48" +41° 51' 56" +45° 52' 48" +41° 40' 21" +41° 43' 33"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy * Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy

(continued)

193


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5929 5930 5932 5933 5934 5935 5943 5945 5947 5950 5966 5992 5993 1567 1570 1571 1572 1585 1595 1598 1616 1658 1660 1668 1679 1687 1701 1759 1469 1485 1501 1502 1530 1560 1569 1573 1708 1961 2128 2146 2253 2256 2258 2268 2314

1.0' × 0.9' 1.7' × 0.9' 0.7' × 0.7' 0.3' × 0.2' 0.6' × 0.3' 0.7' × 0.3' 1.3' × 1.3' 2.1' × 1.9' 1.2' × 1.1' 1.5' × 0.8' 1.8' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.3' × 1.3' 3.0' × 2.5' 2.0' × 1.5' 2.5' × 1.2' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.3' × 0.9' 1.4' × 0.8' 1.8' × 0.9' 1.4' × 0.5' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.6' × 0.9' 2.7' × 2.0' 1.3' × 0.5' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.4' × 1.3' 1.9' × 0.8' 2.1' × 0.7' 56" × 48" 7.0' 4.9' × 2.9' 10.0' × 1.8' 2.9' × 1.5' 1.9' × 1.3' 20' × 15' 4.6' × 3.0' 1.5' × 1.1' 6.0' × 3.8' … 2.3' × 2.0' 2.3' × 1.5' 3.4' × 2.2' 1.7' × 1.4'

13.3 12.2 14.5 14.8 13.8 14.8 13.3 13 13.9 13.9 12.7 13.5 13.3 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.9 13.7 12.8 13.4 13 13.7 14.1 12.8 11.6 14.1 13 13.2 12.8 12.8 11.5 6.9 12.3 11.3 11.3 12.2 … 11.3 12.7 10.3 … 12.6 12.1 11.5 11.9


+41° 40' 12" +41° 40' 32" +48° 36' 53" +48° 36' 48" +42° 55' 48" +42° 56' 39" +42° 46' 40" +42° 55' 06" +42° 43' 00" +40° 25' 47" +39° 46' 07" +41° 05' 12" +41° 07' 16" −48° 15' 19" −43° 37' 50" −43° 37' 50" −40° 36' 06" −42° 09' 55" −47° 48' 57" −47° 46' 59" −43° 42' 56" −41° 27' 50" −41° 29' 54" −44° 43' 59" −31° 58' 03" −33° 56' 22" −29° 53' 03" −38° 40' 26" +68° 34' 37" +70° 59' 44" +60° 55' 15" +62° 19' 54" +75° 17' 45" +71° 53' 00" +64° 50' 51" +73° 15' 45" +52° 49' 56" +69° 22' 43" +57° 37' 39" +78° 21' 28" +65° 50' 35" +74° 14' 12" +74° 28' 52" +84° 22' 59" +75° 19' 36"

Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Boo Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cae Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy PN OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

194

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

2336 2347 2363 2366 2403 2404 2408 2441 2460 2523 2544 2550 2551 2591 2633 2634 2636 2646 2653 2655 2715 2732 2748 2760 3901 4127 5295 5640 6897 6898 6903 6907 6908 6912 6924 6931 6936 6986 6993 7016 7017 7018 7019 7030 7035

7.1' × 3.9' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.7' × 1.1' 8.1' × 3.3' 18' × 11' … 10' 2.0' × 1.7' 2.5' × 1.9' 3.0' × 1.8' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.4' 1.7' × 1.1' 3.0' × 0.6' 2.6' × 1.7' 1.7' × 1.6' 0.6' × 0.6' 1.3' × 1.3' … 4.9' × 4.1' 4.9' × 1.7' 2.1' × 0.8' 3.1' × 1.3' 0.5' × 0.4' 1.9' × 0.8' 3.2' × 1.6' 0.4' × 0.4' 0.9' × 0.4' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.1' × 0.6' 2.7' × 2.5' 3.3' × 2.7' 0.3' × 0.1' 1.4' × 1.1' 2.0' × 1.7' 1.0' × 0.4' 1.9' × 1.0' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.2' × 1.0' 0.8' × 0.8' 0.8' × 0.6' 0.9' × 0.6' 0.8' × 0.4' 0.9' × 0.7' 0.6' × 0.5'

10.7 12.4 14.9 11 8.6 … … 12 11.7 11.8 12.9 13 12.3 12.5 11.9 11.7 13.6 12.2 … 10.1 11.3 12 11.6 … 13.9 12.9 14.3 14.7 14 13.6 12 11.3 14.6 13.8 12.6 13.7 12.9 13.7 13.1 13.7 14.4 13.5 14.1 13.9 14.6


+80° 10' 42" +64° 42' 40" +69° 11' 36" +69° 11' 22" +65° 36' 13" +65° 36' 40" +71° 40' 05" +73° 00' 54" +60° 20' 57" +73° 34' 44" +73° 59' 18" +74° 00' 43" +73° 24' 44" +78° 01' 34" +74° 05' 55" +73° 58' 00" +73° 40' 15" +73° 27' 45" +78° 23' 37" +78° 13' 24" +78° 05' 06" +79° 11' 14" +76° 28' 32" +76° 31' 52" +77° 22' 22" +76° 48' 14" +79° 27' 31" +80° 07' 21" −12° 15' 17" −12° 21' 32" −19° 19' 32" −24° 48' 30" −24° 48' 02" −18° 37' 05" −25° 28' 28" −11° 22' 07" −25° 16' 50" −18° 34' 00" −25° 28' 22" −25° 28' 09" −25° 29' 16" −25° 25' 43" −24° 24' 45" −20° 29' 11" −23° 08' 08"

Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cam Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy GxyCld OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

195


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

7073 7099 7103 7104 7105 7122 7131 7134 7136 7158 2191 2369 2381 2417 2502 2516 2609 2640 2714 2788 2808 2822 2836 2842 2867 2887 3036 3059 3114 3136 3199 3211 3247 3255 3293 3324 3372 3496 3503 3519 3532 3572 3576 3579 3581

0.9' × 0.8' 11' 1.3' × 1.2' 0.3' × 0.2' 1.0' × 0.5' … 1.7' × 1.0' … … … 1.7' × 0.9' 3.5' × 1.1' 1.6' × 1.4' 2.8' × 1.9' 2.0' × 1.3' 29' 6' 2.2' × 1.9' 1.4' × 1.4' 1.8' × 0.4' 13.8' 3.3' × 2.2' 2.6' × 1.9' 1.5' × 1.3' 12.0" 2.1' × 1.5' 4' 3.6' × 3.2' 35' 3.1' × 2.1' 22' × 22' 14" 6' 2.0' 5' 5' 120' × 120' 9' 3' × 3' 4.0' 55' × 50' 6' 1.0' 20' × 15' …

13.7 6.9 14.3 13.8 13.3 … 13.9 … … … 12.3 12.2 12.7 12.6 12.2 3.8 … 11.7 13 12.5 6.2 10.8 12 12.5 9.7 11.6 … 11.1 4.2 11 … 10.7 … 11 4.7 … … 8.2 … 7.7 3 6.6 … … …


−11° 29' 21" −23° 10' 45" −22° 28' 26" −22° 25' 29" −10° 38' 08" −08° 49' 47" −13° 10' 58" −12° 58' 23" −11° 47' 36" −11° 35' 34" −52° 30' 45" −62° 20' 40" −63° 04' 03" −62° 15' 10" −52° 18' 27" −60° 45' 12" −61° 06' 37" −55° 07' 27" −59° 13' 04" −67° 55' 57" −64° 51' 47" −69° 38' 41" −69° 20' 05" −63° 04' 16" −58° 18' 42" −63° 48' 44" −62° 40' 32" −73° 55' 18" −60° 06' 32" −67° 22' 40" −57° 55' 20" −62° 40' 14" −57° 55' 35" −60° 40' 42" −58° 14' 10" −58° 39' 36" −59° 52' 04" −60° 20' 12" −59° 50' 50" −61° 22' 05" −58° 46' 13" −60° 14' 54" −61° 21' 44" −61° 14' 35" −61° 18' 06"

Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Cap Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car Car

Gxy GC Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Ast ** *** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC OC Gxy Gxy Gxy GC Gxy Gxy Gxy PN Gxy OC Gxy OC Gxy Neb PN OC OC OC OC + Neb Neb OC OC + Neb OC OC OC Neb Neb Neb

(continued)

196

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

3582 3584 3586 3590 3603 103 110 129 133 136 146 147 185 189 225 278 281 358 366 381 433 436 457 559 581 609 629 637 654 657 659 663 743 771 886 896 1027 1343 7438 7635 7654 7788 7789 7790 7795

… … … 4.0' 2.5' 5' … 21' 7' 1.2' 6' 13.2' × 7.8' 11.7' × 10.0' 3.7' 12' 2.1' × 2.0' 25' × 30' 3.0' 3.0' 6' 2.5' 5.0' 13' 4.4' 6' 3.0' … 3.5' 5.0' 3.0' × 4.0' 5' 16' 5' … 20.0' 27' × 13' 20' 2.6' × 1.6' 30' × 10' 15.0' × 8.0' 16.0' 4' 25' 5' 10'

… … … 8.2 9.1 9.8 … 6.5 9.4 … 9.1 9.6 9.3 8.8 7 10.9 … … … 9.3 … 8.8 6.4 9.5 7.4 11 … 8.2 6.5 … 7.9 7.1 … … … … 6.7 12.9 … … 6.9 9.4 6.7 8.5 …


−61° 16' 25" −61° 13' 43" −61° 21' 08" −60° 47' 20" −61° 15' 40" +61° 19' 19" +71° 23' 30" +60° 12' 35" +63° 21' 10" +61° 30' 34" +63° 18' 33" +48° 30' 31" +48° 20' 27" +61° 05' 40" +61° 47' 25" +47° 33' 02" +56° 37' 19" +62° 01' 14" +62° 13' 44" +61° 35' 00" +60° 07' 33" +58° 49' 02" +58° 17' 27" +63° 18' 30" +60° 39' 29" +64° 32' 12" +72° 52' 02" +64° 02' 12" +61° 52' 58" +55° 50' 11" +60° 40' 09" +61° 13' 06" +60° 09' 59" +72° 25' 15" +63° 46' 44" +62° 01' 10" +61° 35' 40" +72° 34' 15" +54° 18' 34" +61° 12' 45" +61° 36' 24" +61° 24' 00" +56° 42' 30" +61° 12' 30" +60° 02' 06"

Car Car Car Car Car Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas Cas

Neb Neb Neb OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC Gxy Gxy OC OC Gxy OC + Neb Ast OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC Ast OC OC OC OC OC OC * OC Neb OC Gxy OC Neb OC OC OC OC OC

(continued)

197


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

7801 3533 3557 3564 3568 3573 3680 3699 3706 3742 3749 3766 3778 3783 3882 3903 3909 3918 3960 4112 4219 4230 4373 4444 4499 4507 4553 4573 4574 4575 4601 4603 4616 4622 4645 4650 4661 4672 4677 4679 4681 4683 4696 4706 4709

… 2.8' × 0.6' 4.1' × 3.0' 1.8' × 0.8' 2.5' × 0.8' 3.6' × 1.0' 12' 70" 3.0' × 1.8' 2.4' × 1.7' 3.2' × 0.8' 12.0' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.9' × 1.7' 2.3' × 1.3' 1.1' × 1.0' 15' to 20' 13" 6' 1.6' × 0.9' 4.3' × 1.3' 7' × 5' 3.4' × 2.5' 2.5' × 2.3' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.7' × 1.3' 2.1' × 1.0' 2.6' × 2.0' 1.7' × 1.1' 2.0' × 1.3' 1.8' × 0.5' 3.4' × 2.5' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.7' × 1.6' 2.2' × 1.4' 2.6' × 1.8' 1.1' × 0.4' 2.0' × 0.6' 1.7' × 0.7' 2.4' × 1.0' 1.3' × 1.2' 1.4' × 0.8' 4.5' × 3.2' 1.4' × 0.6' 2.4' × 2.0'

… 13.1 10.6 12.4 12.5 12.4 7.6 11.3 11.3 12.2 12.5 5.3 13.2 11.9 12.5 13 … 8.1 8.3 12.2 11.9 9.4 10.9 12.5 13.1 12.2 12.4 12.7 13.2 12.5 13.6 11.8 13.2 12.6 11.9 12 13.6 13.4 12.8 12.7 12.8 13.1 10.5 13.1 11.6


+50° 44' 20" −37° 10' 25" −37° 32' 22" −37° 32' 53" −37° 26' 56" −36° 52' 25" −43° 15' 00" −59° 57' 37" −36° 23' 29" −37° 57' 23" −37° 59' 52" −61° 36' 36" −50° 42' 57" −37° 44' 19" −56° 23' 28" −37° 30' 59" −48° 14' 17" −57° 10' 56" −55° 40' 35" −40° 12' 29" −43° 19' 28" −55° 17' 10" −39° 45' 37" −43° 15' 45" −39° 58' 57" −39° 54' 33" −39° 26' 25" −43° 37' 12" −35° 31' 05" −40° 32' 15" −40° 53' 34" −40° 58' 33" −40° 38' 30" −40° 44' 44" −41° 44' 53" −40° 43' 55" −40° 49' 29" −41° 42' 22" −41° 34' 59" −39° 34' 15" −43° 20' 06" −41° 31' 45" −41° 18' 41" −41° 16' 50" −41° 22' 56"

Cas Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen

Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC PN Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC PN OC Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

198

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

4729 4730 4743 4744 4751 4767 4785 4811 4812 4832 4835 4852 4903 4905 4909 4930 4936 4937 4940 4945 4946 4947 4950 4953 4976 4988 5011 5026 5043 5045 5062 5063 5064 5082 5086 5090 5091 5102 5108 5114 5120 5121 5124 5126 5128

1.5' × 1.4' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.3' × 0.5' 2.1' × 1.0' 3.0' × 1.1' 2.6' × 1.2' 1.9' × 1.0' 1.3' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.4' 1.9' × 1.2' 4.0' × 0.9' 11' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.4' × 1.3' 1.9' × 1.7' 4.5' × 3.7' 2.7' × 2.3' 0.5' 1.2' × 1.1' 20.0' × 3.8' 1.5' × 1.2' 2.4' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.7' 1.1' × 0.9' 5.6' × 3.0' 1.7' × 0.5' 2.4' × 2.0' 3.2' × 2.0' 10' × 7' … 2.2' × 0.7' 2.3' × 1.8' 2.6' × 1.3' 1.7' × 1.0' … 2.9' × 2.4' 1.8' × 0.5' 8.7' × 2.8' 1.2' × 0.3' 1.7' × 1.0' 2.8' 2.3' × 2.0' 2.2' × 0.7' 1.4' × 0.4' 25.7' × 20.0'

12.6 13 13.1 12.7 12.1 11.6 12.6 13.2 13.2 12.3 11.9 8.9 13.2 13.3 12.9 11.8 10.9 … 13.2 8.9 12.4 12 14 13.3 10.2 12.9 11.4 11.7 … … 12.3 12.6 11.9 12.9 … 11.6 13.3 9.1 14.4 12.6 … 11.8 12.3 13.3 6.8


−41° 07' 54" −41° 08' 48" −41° 23' 24" −41° 03' 36" −42° 39' 35" −39° 42' 52" −48° 44' 59" −41° 47' 49" −41° 48' 43" −39° 45' 42" −46° 15' 53" −59° 36' 58" −30° 56' 02" −30° 52' 04" −42° 46' 19" −41° 24' 41" −30° 31' 36" −47° 13' 09" −47° 14' 11" −49° 28' 03" −43° 35' 28" −35° 20' 15" −43° 30' 04" −37° 35' 09" −49° 30' 21" −43° 06' 22" −43° 05' 46" −42° 57' 42" −60° 04' 26" −63° 24' 48" −35° 27' 33" −35° 21' 12" −47° 54' 36" −43° 42' 02" −43° 44' 01" −43° 42' 19" −43° 43' 14" −36° 37' 49" −32° 20' 32" −32° 20' 40" −63° 27' 30" −37° 40' 59" −30° 18' 31" −30° 20' 00" −43° 01' 00"

Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

199


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5138 5139 5140 5155 5156 5161 5168 5188 5193 5206 5215 5219 5220 5234 5237 5244 5253 5266 5269 5281 5284 5286 5291 5292 5298 5299 5302 5304 5307 5316 5333 5357 5365 5367 5381 5397 5398 5408 5419 5460 5483 5488 5489 5494 5516

7' 36' 2.0' × 1.7' … 2.3' × 2.0' 5.6' × 2.2' 4.0' 3.0' × 1.1' 1.9' × 1.7' 3.7' × 3.2' 0.8' × 0.3' 2.3' × 1.6' 2.3' × 0.7' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.6' 1.7' × 0.6' 5.0' × 1.9' 3.2' × 2.1' 3.0' 8.0' 30' × 20' 9.1' 1.1' × 0.7' 1.8' × 1.5' 1.4' × 0.7' 30.0' 1.8' × 1.1' 1.5' × 1.0' 0.5' 13' 1.9' × 1.0' 1.5' × 1.3' 3.0' × 1.9' 13' × 8' 13' 1.4' × 1.0' 2.8' × 1.7' 2.8' × 1.5' 4.2' × 3.3' 35' 3.7' × 3.4' 3.4' × 1.0' 1.5' × 1.0' 2.2' × 1.9' 1.8' × 1.2'

7.6 3.9 11.9 … 12 11.6 9.1 12.1 11.7 10.7 13.2 12.8 12.4 13.2 12.8 12.7 10.7 11.2 … 5.9 … 7.4 14.2 12.1 13.2 … 12.3 12.7 11.2 6 11.9 12.2 11.4 … … 12.9 12.4 12.4 10.8 5.6 11.4 12.1 12.4 12.1 12.1


−59° 02' 27" −47° 28' 37" −33° 52' 08" −63° 25' 29" −48° 55' 02" −33° 10' 29" −60° 56' 21" −34° 47' 43" −33° 14' 06" −48° 09' 04" −33° 29' 04" −45° 51' 16" −33° 27' 17" −49° 50' 16" −42° 50' 53" −45° 51' 16" −31° 38' 31" −48° 10' 11" −62° 54' 57" −62° 54' 59" −59° 08' 58" −51° 22' 24" −30° 24' 28" −30° 56' 27" −30° 25' 43" −60° 26' 40" −30° 30' 40" −30° 34' 46" −51° 12' 20" −61° 52' 09" −48° 30' 47" −30° 20' 30" −43° 55' 56" −39° 58' 42" −59° 35' 12" −33° 56' 45" −33° 03' 45" −41° 22' 44" −33° 58' 43" −48° 20' 33" −43° 19' 32" −33° 18' 53" −46° 05' 22" −30° 38' 39" −48° 06' 54"

Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen Cen

OC GC Gxy OC Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC OC OC GC Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy PN OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Neb OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

200

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

5606 5617 5662 5786 40 188 1184 1544 2276 2300 6939 6949 6951 6952 6953 7023 7055 7076 7129 7133 7139 7142 7160 7226 7234 7235 7261 7281 7352 7354 7380 7419 7423 7429 7510 7538 7708 7748 7762 7822 17 34 35 45 47

3.0' 10' 30' 2.3' × 1.1' 38" × 35" 13' 2.8' × 0.7' 1.7' × 1.1' 2.6' × 2.5' 2.8' × 2.0' 7' 1.7' × 1.6' 3.8' × 3.3' 3.8' × 3.3' 1.5' 5' 4.0' 2.0' 2.7' … 86" × 70" 4.3' 7' 1.8' 4.0' 4.0' 5' 15' × 9' … 22" × 18" 12' 6.0' 5.0' 14' 7.0' 8' × 7' 15' … 15' 20' × 4' 0.4' × 0.3' 2.2' × 0.8' 0.7' × 0.5' 8.5' × 5.9' 2.2' × 2.1'

7.7 6.3 5.5 11.2 12.3 8.1 12.6 13.7 11.8 11.1 7.8 13.8 11.3 11.3 … … … … … … 13.3 9.3 6.1 9.6 … … 8.4 … … 12.2 7.2 13 … … 7.9 … … … 10 … 14.4 14.4 14.2 10.8 13.1


−59° 37' 56" −60° 42' 39" −56° 37' 05" −42° 00' 45" +72° 31' 20" +85° 14' 29" +80° 47' 32" +86° 13' 21" +85° 45' 19" +85° 42' 33" +60° 39' 44" +64° 48' 10" +66° 06' 20" +66° 06' 20" +65° 45' 54" +68° 10' 11" +57° 35' 26" +62° 53' 35" +66° 06' 47" +66° 10' 07" +63° 47' 30" +65° 46' 28" +62° 36' 12" +55° 23' 55" +57° 16' 17" +57° 16' 17" +58° 07' 19" +57° 49' 16" +57° 23' 40" +61° 17' 08" +58° 07' 57" +60° 48' 56" +57° 05' 49" +59° 58' 26" +60° 34' 15" +61° 30' 45" +72° 50' 00" +69° 45' 18" +68° 02' 17" +67° 25' 12" −12° 06' 26" −12° 06' 26" −12° 01' 15" −23° 10' 52" −07° 10' 05"

Cen Cen Cen Cen Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cep Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet

OC OC OC Gxy PN OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy OC OC + Neb OC PN Neb NF PN OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC PN OC + Neb OC OC OC OC Neb OC * OC Neb Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

201


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

50 54 58 59 62 64 65 66 73 77 102 107 111 113 114 116 117 118 120 122 123 124 132 135 142 143 144 145 151 153 154 155 156 157 158 161 163 165 166 167 168 170 171 172 173

2.3' × 1.7' 1.3' × 0.4' 2.3' × 2.0' 2.6' × 1.3' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.5' × 1.1' 0.8' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.7' 1.6' × 1.1' 0.4' × 0.4' 1.0' × 0.7' 0.9' × 0.6' … 1.4' × 1.0' 0.9' × 0.7' 0.7' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.5' 1.5' × 0.6' … … 1.4' × 0.9' 1.9' × 1.4' 0.5' × 0.5' 1.1' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.2' 0.8' × 0.8' 1.8' × 1.3' 3.7' × 1.7' 3.7' × 1.9' 1.1' × 0.9' 1.7' × 1.3' … 4.2' × 2.7' … 1.3' × 0.8' 1.5' × 1.2' 1.5' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.3' 1.0' × 0.7' 1.2' × 0.2' 0.4' × 0.3' 2.6' × 2.4' 2.0' × 0.3' 3.2' × 2.6'

12.3 13.7 13.1 12.2 13.5 13.2 14.5 13.6 13.7 15.8 13.5 15.2 … 13.1 13.8 … 14.4 14.4 13.5 … … 13.2 12.9 15.1 14 14.6 13.9 12.7 11.6 11.6 14 13.3 … 10.4 … 13.4 12.7 13.1 14.5 13.8 13.9 14.5 12.2 14 13.2


−07° 20' 44" −07° 06' 27" −07° 10' 05" −21° 26' 38" −13° 29' 12" −06° 49' 32" −22° 52' 51" −22° 56' 15" −15° 19' 19" −22° 31' 57" −13° 57' 26" −08° 17' 03" −02° 37' 30" −02° 30' 03" −01° 47' 05" −07° 40' 09" +01° 20' 02" −01° 46' 44" −01° 30' 48" −01° 38' 25" −01° 37' 39" −01° 48' 38" +02° 05' 35" −13° 20' 16" −22° 37' 08" −22° 33' 38" −22° 38' 44" −05° 09' 09" −09° 42' 18" −09° 42' 18" −12° 39' 20" −10° 45' 59" −08° 20' 24" −08° 23' 48" −08° 20' 45" −02° 50' 55" −10° 07' 19" −10° 06' 24" −13° 36' 36" −23° 22' 35" −22° 35' 36" +01° 53' 11" −19° 56' 05" −22° 35' 06" +01° 56' 32"

Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy * * Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

202

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

175 177 178 179 187 191 192 195 196 197 201 207 209 210 216 217 219 223 227 230 232 235 237 239 244 245 246 247 255 259 263 268 270 271 273 274 275 276 277 279 283 284 285 286 291

2.1' × 1.9' 2.2' × 0.5' 2.0' × 1.0' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.3' × 0.5' 1.5' × 1.2' 1.9' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.2' × 0.8' 1.8' × 1.4' 0.9' × 0.4 1.4' × 1.1' 5.0' × 3.3' 2.0' × 0.7' 2.6' × 0.6' 0.5' × 0.5' 1.3' × 0.9' 1.6' × 1.3' 1.1' × 0.2' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.3' × 0.7' 1.6' × 0.9' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.2' × 1.0' 1.4' × 1.2' 4.6' × 4.1' 21.4' × 6.9' 3.0' × 2.5' 2.8' × 0.6' 0.6' × 0.3' 1.6' × 1.1' 1.7' × 1.5' 2.1' × 1.7' 2.2' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.5' 1.5' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.4' 1.4' × 1.2' 1.6' × 1.2' 1.6' × 1.0' 0.7' × 0.6' 0.7' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.5'

12 13.4 12.4 13.1 13.2 13.4 13 13.7 13.6 13.7 13.6 13.7 13 11.1 12.6 12.6 14.4 13.4 12.1 14.9 13.7 13.3 12.8 14 12.9 12.4 10.9 9.2 11.7 12.8 14.3 12.6 12.9 12.2 12.9 11.9 12.7 15.1 13.7 12.8 14.1 14.4 14.7 14.1 13.9


−19° 56' 05" −22° 32' 54" −14° 10' 21" −17° 50' 57" −14° 39' 23" −09° 00' 10" +00° 51' 50" −09° 11' 42" +00° 54' 45" +00° 53' 29" +00° 51' 34" −14° 14' 16" −18° 36' 28" −13° 52' 21" −21° 02' 43" −10° 01' 20" +00° 54' 14" +00° 50' 44" −01° 31' 43" −23° 37' 46" −23° 33' 40" −23° 32' 28" −00° 07' 32" −03° 45' 35" −15° 35' 50" −01° 43' 28" −11° 52' 20" −20° 45' 36" −11° 28' 07" −02° 46' 35" −13° 06' 28" −05° 11' 38" −08° 39' 08" −01° 54' 39" −06° 53' 10" −07° 03' 26" −07° 03' 56" −22° 40' 48" −08° 35' 49" −02° 13' 06" −13° 09' 52" −13° 09' 33" −13° 09' 42" −13° 06' 46" −08° 46' 09"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy PN Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

203


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

293 297 298 301 302 303 307 308 309 310 320 321 325 327 329 331 333 335 336 337 340 341 342 343 344 345 347 349 350 351 352 353 355 356 357 359 363 364 367 369 377 391 412 413 417

1.1' × 0.9' 0.3' × 0.2' 1.7' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.5' … 1.7' × 1.4' 1.6' × 0.7' … 3.0' × 2.5' … 0.9' × 0.5' 0.7' × 0.5' 1.4' × 0.2' 1.6' × 0.7' 1.6' × 0.6' 0.0' × 0.6' 1.6' × 0.9' 1.1' × 0.3' 0.7' × 0.2' 2.9' × 1.8' 0.9' × 0.3' 1.2' × 1.1' 0.6' × 0.3' 0.7' × 0.3' 0.4' × 0.2' 1.2' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.4' 1.3' × 0.9' 0.3' × 0.2' 1.4' × 0.8' 2.4' × 0.9' 1.3' × 0.4' 1.0' × 0.4' 1.5' × 0.8' 2.4' × 1.7' 1.5' × 1.1' 0.6' × 0.5' 1.4' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.0' × 0.8' 0.8' × 0.3' 0.9' × 0.7' … 1.1' × 0.7' 0.6' × 0.5'

14.2 15.5 13.8 14.8 … 14.3 13 … 11.6 … 13.7 15 14.8 13.5 13.5 14.6 13.9 14.5 14.7 11.6 13.7 13 14.4 15.5 16.1 13.9 14.8 13.1 14.9 13.4 12.7 13.9 15.3 13.1 11.9 13.4 14.7 13.2 14.7 14 14.9 13.5 … 14.2 14.2


−07° 14' 08" −07° 20' 59" −07° 20' 00" −10° 40' 27" −10° 39' 46" −16° 39' 08" −01° 46' 19" −01° 47' 04" −09° 54' 50" −01° 45' 55" −20° 50' 25" −05° 05' 11" −05° 06' 45" −05° 07' 50" −05° 04' 17" −02° 43' 52" −16° 28' 11" −18° 14' 01" −18° 23' 12" −07° 34' 40" −06° 52' 00" −09° 11' 08" −06° 46' 21" −23° 13' 30" −23° 13' 46" −06° 53' 04" −06° 44' 01" −06° 48' 00" −06° 47' 45" −01° 56' 13" −04° 14' 45" −01° 57' 28" −06° 19' 28" −06° 59' 17" −06° 20' 22" −00° 45' 53" −16° 32' 35" −00° 48' 10" −12° 07' 44" −17° 45' 34" −20° 19' 56" +00° 55' 32" −20° 00' 54" −02° 47' 38" −18° 08' 54"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy * Gxy Gxy * Gxy * Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy

(continued)

204

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

426 428 429 430 435 442 445 448 450 478 480 481 487 493 497 519 521 530 533 535 538 539 540 541 543 545 547 548 550 554 555 556 557 558 560 563 564 565 567 570 577 578 580 583 584

1.4' × 1.0' 4.1' × 3.1' 1.4' × 0.3' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.1' × 0.4' 1.0' × 0.5' 0.8' × 0.6' 1.6' × 0.8' 3.1' × 2.3' 0.9' × 0.7' 0.5' × 0.2' 1.7' × 1.3' 1.1' × 0.7' 3.4' × 1.0' 2.1' × 0.9' 0.5' × 0.3' 3.2' × 2.9' 1.5' × 0.4' 3.8' × 2.3' 1.0' × 0.3' 1.0' × 0.5' 1.5' × 1.3' 0.8' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.7' 0.6' × 0.3' 2.4' × 1.6' 3.0' × 2.0' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.5' × 0.6' 0.7' × 0.4' 0.7' × 0.6' 0.4' × 0.3' 1.4' × 0.8' 0.4' × 0.2' 1.9' × 0.6' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.4' × 1.2' 1.3' × 0.4' 0.8' × 0.4' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.8' × 1.4' 4.9' × 3.1' 2.2' × 1.8' 0.7' × 0.6' 4.2' × 2.3'

13.1 11.2 13.5 12.5 14.3 13.7 14.2 12.2 11.7 14.3 15.2 13.5 13.4 12.3 13.2 14.4 11.8 13.2 11.4 14 13.9 13.8 14.9 12.6 14.2 12.3 12.3 13.8 12.9 14.1 14.3 14.5 13.7 14.4 12.9 13.4 12.6 13.7 14.2 13.1 13.1 11.1 13 14.2 10.3


−00° 17' 25" +00° 58' 55" −00° 20' 42" −00° 15' 10" +02° 04' 14" −01° 01' 16" +01° 55' 04" −01° 37' 36" −00° 51' 40" −22° 22' 41" −09° 52' 49" −09° 12' 40" −16° 22' 17" +00° 56' 44" −00° 52' 33" −01° 38' 30" +01° 43' 52" −01° 35' 16" +01° 45' 32" −01° 24' 33" −01° 33' 05" −18° 09' 51" −20° 02' 10" −01° 22' 49" −01° 17' 37" −01° 20' 24" −01° 20' 42" −01° 13' 36" +02° 01' 20" −22° 43' 27" −22° 45' 45" −22° 41' 52" −01° 38' 22" −01° 58' 18" −01° 54' 51" −18° 09' 51" −01° 52' 48" −01° 18' 26" −10° 15' 56" −00° 57' 00" −01° 59' 44" −22° 40' 00" −01° 59' 44" −18° 20' 22" −06° 52' 06"



(continued)

205


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

585 586 589 593 594 596 599 600 601 607 610 611 615 617 622 624 635 636 640 647 648 649 655 667 681 682 690 699 701 702 707 713 715 720 723 724 725 726 731 734 747 748 755 756 757

2.1' × 0.5' 1.6' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.9' 1.2' × 0.2' 1.3' × 0.6' 3.2' × 2.1' 1.4' × 1.3' 3.3' × 2.8' 0.2' × 0.2' … … … 3.6' × 1.4' 0.5' × 0.5' 1.8' × 1.3' 1.5' × 0.9' 0.5' × 0.5' 2.8' × 2.1' 0.6' × 0.4' 1.5' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.5' 0.9' × 0.3' 1.1' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.5' 2.6' × 1.6' 1.4' × 1.1' 1.2' × 0.8' 1.5' × 0.3' 2.5' × 1.2' 1.5' × 1.1' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.3' 0.6' × 0.4' 4.7' × 2.4' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.7' × 1.5' 0.7' × 0.6' 1.2' × 0.6' 1.7' × 1.7' 0.7' × 0.4' 1.0' × 0.4' 2.3' × 1.1' 3.4' × 1.1' 0.4' × 0.4' 1.7' × 1.7'

13.3 13.2 14.1 14.6 13.5 10.8 13.5 12.4 15.1 … … … 11.7 14.5 13.1 13.3 14.5 11.4 15 13.5 14.4 14.3 14 14.3 12 13.4 14.5 14.1 12.3 13.1 13.6 14.4 14 10.3 12.6 12.6 14.3 14.3 12.1 15.9 14 12.6 12.6 14.5 12.1


−00° 56' 03" −06° 53' 41" −12° 02' 34" −12° 21' 26" −16° 32' 11" −07° 01' 57" −12° 11' 28" −07° 18' 46" −12° 12' 33" −07° 24' 46" −20° 08' 39" −20° 07' 39" −07° 20' 28" −09° 46' 27" +00° 39' 47" −10° 00' 10" −22° 55' 44" −07° 30' 46" −09° 24' 06" −09° 14' 33" −17° 49' 53" −09° 16' 21" −13° 04' 55" −22° 55' 17" −10° 25' 40" −14° 58' 30" −16° 43' 17" −12° 02' 10" −09° 42' 14" −04° 03' 21" −08° 30' 20" −09° 05' 01" −12° 52' 26" −13° 44' 21" −23° 45' 28" −23° 45' 28" −16° 31' 05" −10° 48' 00" −09° 00' 39" −17° 04' 47" −09° 27' 45" −04° 28' 04" −09° 03' 43" −16° 42' 28" −09° 00' 39"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** NF NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

206

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

758 762 763 764 767 768 773 779 787 788 790 799 800 806 808 809 811 814 815 825 827 829 830 831 833 835 836 837 838 839 840 842 844 848 849 850 851 853 856 858 859 863 864 866 867

0.9' × 0.7' 1.3' × 1.1' 3.6' × 1.1' … 1.1' × 0.4' 1.7' × 0.8' 1.3' × 0.7' 4.0' × 1.2' 2.5' × 1.9' 1.9' × 1.4' 1.3' × 1.3' 2.0' × 1.7' 1.0' × 0.9' 1.2' × 0.4' 1.4' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.0' 0.3' × 0.2' 1.4' × 0.5' 0.3' × 0.1' 2.2' × 0.9' 2.2' × 0.8' 1.2' × 0.7' 1.4' × 0.9' 0.4' × 0.3' 1.5' × 0.7' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.3' × 0.9' 0.9' × 0.4' 1.1' × 0.9' 1.4' × 0.7' 1.8' × 1.0' 0.9' × 0.5' 0.03' × 0.03' 1.5' × 1.0' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.1' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.5' × 1.3' 1.3' × 0.9' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.1' × 1.0' 4.7' × 3.5' 1.4' × 1.3' 1.5' × 1.5'

14.4 13 12.6 … 14.5 13.4 13.1 11.3 12.9 12.3 13 13.4 13.6 14.1 13.6 13.8 … 13.8 15.5 13.4 13 13.7 13.3 14.4 12.8 12.2 13.4 14.2 13 13.1 13.6 12.7 14 13 14.4 13 13.6 12.9 13.4 13.7 13.3 13.2 11.1 13 13.1


−03° 04' 00" −05° 24' 10" −09° 03' 43" −16° 03' 45" −09° 35' 13" +00° 31' 45" −11° 30' 54" −05° 57' 54" −09° 00' 09" −06° 48' 56" −05° 22' 16" −00° 06' 04" −00° 07' 51" −09° 55' 56" −23° 18' 50" −08° 44' 07" −09° 06' 20" −15° 46' 25" −15° 48' 47" +06° 19' 27" +07° 58' 19" −07° 47' 28" −07° 46' 04" +06° 05' 46" −10° 07' 59" −10° 08' 10" −22° 03' 17" −22° 25' 47" −10° 08' 47" −10° 11' 02" +07° 50' 43" −07° 45' 44" +06° 03' 00" −10° 19' 12" −22° 19' 22" −01° 29' 11" +03° 46' 46" −09° 18' 20" −00° 43' 02" −22° 28' 16" −00° 43' 02" −00° 46' 00" +06° 00' 05" −00° 46' 00" +01° 14' 37"


Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

207


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

868 872 873 874 875 878 879 880 881 883 885 887 892 894 895 899 902 905 907 908 921 926 929 934 936 941 942 943 944 945 947 948 950 951 955 958 960 961 963 965 966 967 975 977 981

1.3' × 1.0' 1.5' × 0.8' 1.6' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.5' 1.1' × 1.1' 0.8' × 0.5' 0.8' × 0.6' 0.4' × 0.3' 2.2' × 1.5' 1.7' × 1.3' 1.4' × 1.3' 1.9' × 1.5' 0.6' × 0.3' … 3.6' × 2.6' 1.6' × 1.1' 0.5' × 0.4' 0.5' × 0.3' 1.8' × 0.6' 6.0' × 2.6' 1.3' × 0.6' 1.8' × 1.0' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.3' × 0.9' 4.7' × 4.1' 2.6' × 1.9' …' × …' …' × …' 1.1' × 0.3' 2.4' × 2.0' 2.0' × 1.1' 1.5' × 1.2' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.6' 2.8' × 0.7' 2.9' × 1.0' 1.2' × 0.3' 2.1' × 1.8' 0.6' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.8' 1.0' × 0.9' 1.6' × 1.0' 1.1' × 0.8' 1.9' × 1.6' 1.0' × 0.6'

14 14 12.6 14.4 13.1 13.9 14.7 14.6 12.5 12.6 13 12.7 15.1 … 11.4 12.7 14 15.1 12.8 10.5 14.3 13 14.2 13.1 10 12.4 13 12.9 14 12.1 12.9 13.7 13.8 14.8 12.3 12.5 14.2 12.8 13.9 14.4 13.4 12.6 13.3 13.5 14


−00° 42' 49" −17° 46' 54" −11° 20' 56" −23° 18' 22" +01° 14' 37" −23° 22' 59" −08° 57' 49" −04° 12' 21" −06° 38' 24" −06° 47' 29" −00° 46' 00" −16° 04' 13" −23° 06' 48" −05° 30' 37" −05° 31' 18" −20° 49' 21" −16° 40' 44" −08° 43' 09" −20° 42' 46" −21° 14' 03" −15° 50' 51" −00° 19' 51" −12° 05' 13" −00° 14' 40" −01° 09' 23" −01° 09' 05" −10° 50' 09" −10° 49' 40" −14° 30' 57" −10° 32' 22" −19° 02' 32" −10° 30' 51" −11° 01' 33" −22° 20' 59" −01° 06' 32" −02° 56' 21" −09° 18' 01" −06° 56' 10" −04° 13' 01" −18° 38' 24" −19° 52' 58" −17° 13' 01" +09° 36' 05" −10° 45' 36" −10° 58' 23"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy GxyCld Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

208

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

985 988 989 991 993 994 997 998 1004 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1026 1032 1033 1034 1035 1037 1038 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1051 1052 1055 1063 1064

1.0' × 0.9' 4.6' × 2.5' 0.7' × 0.6' 2.7' × 2.4' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.1' × 1.0' 1.2' × 1.2' 0.6' × 0.5' 1.4' × 1.3' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.7' × 0.2' 0.8' × 0.6' 1.4' × 0.2' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.6' 0.8' × 0.6' … 2.6' × 2.6' 2.4' × 2.4' 0.7' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.9' 0.8' × 0.2' 0.6' × 0.5' 2.4' × 2.0' 2.0' × 1.8' 3.3' × 1.1' 1.3' × 1.1' 1.0' × 0.7' 2.2' × 0.7' … 1.2' × 0.4' 1.7' × 1.2' 4.7' × 3.6' 0.9' × 0.2' 0.6' × 0.6' 2.3' × 1.2' 0.3' × 0.3' 1.3' × 0.6' 1.0' × 0.2' 2.1' × 1.5' 3.0' × 2.1' 7.6' × 2.7' 1.4' × 0.5' 1.1' × 1.0'

13.5 11 14.1 11.9 13.7 13.7 13.4 14.8 13 14.1 15.8 13.7 14.6 14.1 14.3 14 … 12.3 11.9 14.4 14.8 13.7 14.2 14.4 11.3 12.7 12.1 13.8 14 12.6 … 13.6 13.3 11.3 15 13.4 12.4 13.9 13.5 14.6 12.8 10.6 10.9 13.8 14.3


−08° 47' 10" −09° 21' 34" −16° 30' 40" −07° 09' 20" +02° 02' 58" +02° 02' 58" +07° 18' 23" +07° 20' 09" +01° 58' 30" −11° 01' 33" +02° 09' 21" +02° 04' 47" +02° 18' 35" −11° 01' 33" −11° 00' 20" −11° 30' 26" −09° 34' 24" −01° 19' 10" +02° 07' 09" −11° 00' 40" −09° 32' 38" +01° 54' 25" +02° 13' 50" +02° 13' 01" −06° 40' 41" +06° 32' 38" +01° 05' 35" −08° 46' 38" −15° 48' 34" −08° 08' 01" −01° 44' 03" +01° 30' 29" −05° 26' 26" −08° 26' 02" +01° 20' 35" +08° 44' 16" −11° 16' 42" +08° 43' 09" −08° 08' 52" −08° 32' 01" −06° 56' 10" −08° 15' 21" +00° 26' 32" −05° 34' 08" −09° 21' 45"


Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy NF Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy

(continued)

209


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

1065 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1078 1080 1085 1087 1090 1094 1095 1101 1104 1107 1128 1137 1141 1142 1143 1144 1149 1153 1194 1211 1218 1219 1251 1254 1280 7807 7808 7813 7821 7826 7828 7829 2915 3149 3195

0.5' × 0.5' 7.1' × 6.0' 1.4' × 0.9' 2.3' × 1.9' 1.1' × 0.5' 1.5' × 0.5' 4.9' × 4.5' 1.9' × 1.2' 0.8' × 0.6' 1.9' × 1.1' 0.3' × 0.3' 1.0' × 0.8' 3.0' × 2.1' 3.7' × 2.2' 4.0' × 1.7' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.3' × 0.8' 1.4' × 1.2' 1.2' × 0.9' 1.8' × 1.5' 0.7' × 0.3' 2.1' × 1.3' 1.1' × 1.1' 0.9' × 0.6' 0.9' × 0.8' 1.1' × 0.7' 0.6' × 0.5' 1.3' × 1.2' 1.8' × 1.0' 2.1' × 1.8' 1.3' × 1.0' 1.2' × 1.2' … 0.8' × 0.7' 0.9' × 0.8' 0.6' × 0.5' 1.3' × 1.3' 0.4' × 0.2' 1.4' × 0.5' 12.0' 0.9' × 0.5' 0.7' × 0.7' 1.5' × 1.0' 2.2' × 2.0' 40" × 30"

14.1 9.1 13.8 12.1 14.4 13.6 11.1 14.3 14.6 12.7 14.3 13.4 12.5 10.8 11.9 12.7 13.5 13.4 13.8 12.7 14.5 12.6 13.1 12.8 13.1 12.8 14.1 12.5 13.4 12.3 13 12.8 … 14.2 13.4 15 13.5 14.2 13.3 … 13.9 13.9 12.5 12.3 11.6


−15° 05' 30" −00° 00' 47" −08° 17' 22" +04° 58' 05" −08° 46' 29" +00° 18' 23" +01° 22' 31" −16° 17' 49" −16° 12' 04" −14° 45' 18" −09° 27' 08" −04° 42' 38" +03° 36' 26" −00° 29' 59" −00° 14' 51" −00° 17' 07" +04° 38' 15" +04° 34' 41" −00° 16' 18" +08° 05' 34" +06° 01' 29" +02° 57' 42" −00° 10' 44" −00° 11' 03" −00° 10' 44" −00° 11' 03" −00° 18' 34" +03° 21' 42" −01° 06' 14" −00° 47' 42" +04° 06' 39" +02° 06' 29" +01° 27' 24" +02° 40' 41" −00° 10' 11" −18° 50' 32" −10° 44' 41" −11° 59' 04" −16° 28' 39" −20° 42' 54" −13° 24' 58" −13° 25' 15" −76° 37' 35" −80° 25' 21" −80° 51' 30"

Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cet Cha Cha Cha

Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy ** Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Ast Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy PN

(continued)

210

10



Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

3620 5288 5315 5359 5715 5823 2204 2206 2207 2211 2212 2216 2217 2223 2227 2243 2263 2267 2271 2272 2280 2283 2287 2292 2293 2295 2296 2318 2325 2327 2345 2352 2354 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2367 2374 2380 2382 2383 2384 2350

3.0' × 0.9' 4.0' 0.23' 8.0' 5.0' 12' 12' 2.4' × 1.3' 4.3' × 2.8' 1.4' × 0.7' 1.5' × 0.8' 1.4' × 1.1' 4.5' × 4.2' 3.2' × 2.8' 2.1' × 1.1' 5' 2.6' × 1.5' 1.7' × 1.3' 2.1' × 1.4' 2.5' × 1.6' 6.3' × 3.1' 3.6' × 2.8' 38' 4.1' × 3.6' 4.2' × 3.3' 2.1' × 0.6' 0.6' × 0.4' … 3.3' × 1.9' 20.0' 12' … 20' 20' × 15' 10' × 5' 12' … 8' 3.5' 19' 2.0' × 1.9' 1.3' × 1.2' 5' 2.5' 1.3' × 0.7'

13.5 11.8 9.8 … 9.8 7.9 8.6 12.4 11 12.8 13.6 13 10.4 11.8 12.9 9.4 12.3 12.3 12.3 11.8 11 12.4 4.5 10.9 10.8 12.9 … … 11.5 … 7.7 … 6.5 … … 7.2 … 3.8 7.9 8 11.6 11.3 8.4 7.4 12.5


−76° 12' 58" −64° 41' 07" −66° 30' 50" −70° 23' 32" −57° 34' 37" −55° 36' 13" −18° 39' 57" −26° 45' 57" −21° 22' 24" −18° 32' 14" −18° 31' 10" −22° 05' 15" −27° 14' 04" −22° 50' 21" −22° 00' 19" −31° 16' 53" −24° 50' 49" −32° 28' 55" −23° 28' 35" −27° 27' 36" −27° 38' 21" −18° 12' 38" −20° 45' 15" −26° 44' 49" −26° 45' 19" −26° 44' 11" −16° 54' 05" −13° 41' 54" −28° 41' 51" −11° 18' 51" −13° 11' 38" −24° 02' 00" −25° 41' 33" −17° 06' 50" −13° 13' 38" −15° 38' 29" −13° 12' 34" −24° 57' 15" −21° 53' 03" −13° 15' 48" −27° 31' 43" −27° 31' 43" −20° 56' 51" −21° 01' 24" +12° 15' 57"

Cha Cir Cir Cir Cir Cir CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMa CMi

Gxy OC PN OC OC OC OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy Gxy OC Gxy Gxy Gxy Neb OC Gxy Neb OC Ast OC OC Neb OC Neb OC OC OC Gxy Gxy OC OC Gxy

(continued)

211


Size

V Mag

RA (2000)

Dec (2000)

2394 2399 2400 2402 2412 2416 2433 2459 2470 2485 2491 2496 2499 2504 2508 2510 2511 2538 2503 2507 2512 2513 2514 2515 2522 2526 2529 2530 2531 2535 2536 2540 2545 2553 2554 2556 2557 2558 2560 2562 2563 2565 2569 2570 2572

10' … … 1.2' × 1.2' … 1.0' × 0.7' …

The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs

Planetary nebulae : a practical guide and handbook for amateur astronomers

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Amateur Theatricals

The Amateur

The Amateur

The Amateur

The Amateur Cracksman

Foundrywork for the Amateur

The Amateur Archaeologist