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Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments With Critical Notes, Commentary and Translation in English Prose Volume 6: The E lectra E di t e d by R ichard C l averhouse Jebb
C a M b R i D G E U N i V E R Si T y P R E S S Cambridge, New york, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Published in the United States of america by Cambridge University Press, New york www.cambridge.org information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108008433 © in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010 This edition first published 1894 This digitally printed version 2010 iSbN 978-1-108-00843-3 Paperback This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated. Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.
SOPHOCLES THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS.
PART VI. THE ELECTRA.
C. J. CLAY AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,. AVE MARIA LANE, ffilaspfo: 263, ARGYLE STREET.
e: DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO. F. A. BROCKHAUS. $cfn Hot*: MACMILLAN AND CO.
SOPHOCLES THE PLAYS AND FRAGMENTS
WITH CRITICAL NOTES, COMMENTARY, AND TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH PROSE,
R. C. JEBB, LITT.D., REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND M.P. FOR THE UNIVERSITY : HON. D.C.L. OXON.: HON. LL.D. EDINBURGH, HARVARD, DUBLIN, AND GLASGOW: HON. DOCT. PHILOS., BOLOGNA.
PART VI. THE
ELECTRA.
EDITED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1894 [All Rights reserved.]
dambtt&ge: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A; AND SONS, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
PREFATORY NOTE. A commentary on this play, intended chiefly for young students, was contributed by me in 1867 to the series entitled Catena Classicorum. After a second edition of it had appeared in 1870, it was stereotyped, and since that date I have had no opportunity of further revision. The present work is not an enlargement of that book, but, as the different plan and scope required, a new one throughout.
R. C. J. CAMBRIDGE,
March, 1894.
CORRIGENDA. In the Greek text. Page 96, verse 681. For KOIVOV read KKCIVOV. „ 142, v. 1045. F o r jroiTjo-o) read
In the translation. 159, line 5. For 'wert' read 'wast.' In the notes. 25, critical n. on v. 128, line 3. For 1813 read 1814. 79, commentary, column 1, last line. For 530 read 537. 98 „ col. 2,1. 6 from bottom. For 833 D read 833 A. in „ col. 1,1. 5 from bottom. For'Sparta'read'Tegea.'
CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . page ix § i. The legend in Homer. § 2. Cyclic epics. § 3. Influence of Delphi. Purification from blood-guilt. § 4. The Oresteia of Stesichorus. Its probable outline. § 5. Evidence from art. § 6. Literary evidence. First mention of Electra. Xanthus. § 7. Summary. Influence of Stesichorus on the dramatists. § 8. Pindar. § 9. Aeschylus. Analysis of the Choephori. § 10. The supernatural agency. Clytaemnestra. Orestes. Electra. Minor persons. The Chorus. The title ' Choephori.' §11. The Electra of Sophocles. Analysis of the play. §12. General comparison with the Choephori. § 13. The stain of matricide is ignored. Question thus raised. § 14. Character of Electra. § 15. Clytaemnestra. The Chorus. § 16. Supernatural agency. § 17. The Electra of Euripides. Analysis. § 18. Drift of Euripides—adverse to Apollo. His Orestes and Electra. General estimate of the play. § 19. Did it precede and influence the Electra of Sophocles ? The openings of the two plays compared. Relation of Electra to Clytaemnestra. Argument from general probability. Conclusion. § 20. The Electra of Sophocles is one of his later plays. Internal evidence. Conclusion. § 21. Ancient repute of the play. Translation by Atilius. § 22. The Oreste of Voltaire. § 23. The Oreste of Alfieri. § 24. Traces in art of the Aeschylean and Sophoclean plays. MANUSCRIPTS, EDITIONS, ETC
lxvii
§§ 1, 2. MSS. § 3. Scholia. § 4. The state of the text. Lacunae. Proposed transpositions. Interpolations. § 5. Editions. METRICAL ANALYSIS ANCIENT
lxxii
ARGUMENTS
TO T H E PLAY ;
DRAMATIS
PERSONAE ;
STRUCTURE
3
TEXT
6
APPENDIX .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
205
INDICES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
227
.
INTRODUCTION. § I. THE story of Orestes the avenger was complete in every essential particular before it came to the earliest of those three Attic dramatists, each of whom has stamped it so strongly with the impress of his own mind. In the Iliad there is no hint that the house of Pelops lay The under a curse which entailed a series of crimes. The sceptre made by Hephaestus for Zeus, and brought by Hermes to Pelops, is peacefully inherited by Atreus, Thyestes and Agamemnon1. Yet the Iliad makes at least one contribution to the material which Aeschylus found ready to his hand. It is the figure of Agamemnon himself, with eyes and head like those of Zeus, in girth like Ares, in breast like Poseidon2; 'clad in flashing bronze, all glorious, and pre-eminent amid all3.' As Helen stands with Priam on the walls of Troy, and watches the Achaean warriors moving on the battle-field, she asks who this one may be:—'There are others even taller by a head, but never did I behold a man so comely or so majestic (yepapov); he is like unto one that is a king4.' This is the royal Agamemnon, 6 •n-avToa-efj.vo^, who lives in the Aeschylean drama, and whose image reappears in later poetry. For the rest, the Iliad gives us just one far-off glimpse of the king's home beyond the Aegaean, where Orestes is a child in the fortress-palace at Mycenae, with three sisters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and Iphianassa6; children of that Clytaemnestra to whom, in the opinion of her lord at Troy, the damsel Chrysei's was ' in no wise inferior, in beauty or in stature, in wit or in skill7.' 1
2 3 //. i. ioo ff. ib. 478 f. ib. 578 f. * 11. 3. 168 ff. 5 6 7 Aesch. Eum. 637. //. 9. 142 ff. 11. 1. 113 ff.
x
INTRODUCTION.
The Odyssey tells the story as follows. Agamemnon, before going to Troy, charged a certain minstrel (aoiZoi) to watch over1 Clytaemnestra at Mycenae. The precaution implies a sense of possible danger, but not necessarily distrust of Clytaemnestra. Presently a tempter came to the lonely wife in the person of her husband's first-cousin, Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, who, while his kinsmen were fighting at Troy, dwelt ' at peace, in the heart of ArgosV For some time Clytaemnestra ' refused the shameful deed; for she had a good understanding8.' Meanwhile the gods themselves, by their messenger Hermes, warned Aegisthus against the course of crime upon which he was entering. But Hermes spoke in vain4. Aegisthus removed the minstrel to a desert island, and there left him, a prey to dogs and birds. He then took the 'willing' Clytaemnestra to his home; while he sought to propitiate the gods by burnt-offerings on their altars, and by hanging up in their temples ' many gifts of embroidery and gold5.' Agamemnon, after a stormy voyage from Troy, landed on the coast of Argolis at a point not far from the dwelling of Aegisthus; who, apprised by a watcher, came in his chariot, and invited the king to a banquet; after which he slew him, ' as a man slays an ox at the manger6.' In this narrative (given by Menelaiis to Telemachus) Clytaemnestra is not even named; though Menelaiis had previously spoken of her ' guile' as aiding the crime'. It is only in a part of the Odyssey which is of later origin than the ' Telemachy' in books I—IV,—viz., the Ne/cvia in the eleventh book,—that Clytaem&KOITO>, Od. 3. 268. Nothing could better illustrate the social consideration enjoyed by the Homeric doi5<Ss, or the reverence felt for his office. Athenaeus (p. 14 B) conceives this guardian minstrel of Clytaemnestra as a sort of cultivated domestic chaplain, whose function was not merely to keep her mind agreeably occupied, but also to edify her with examples of female excellence (aper&s yvvaiKwr Siepxipcos). 8 Od. 3. 263. s
ib. 265 f. 7] 8' rj TOI rb irplv fih> dvalvero Ipyov fetich, | dta K\vrai/j.v^aTpr]- <j>pe3p6s, K.T.X. 2
xii
INTRODUCTION.
developed in some of the Cyclic epics1. The Cypria?, ascribed to Stasinus of Cyprus (arc. 776 B.C.), related the immolation of Iphigeneia at Aulis,—a story unknown to Homer,—and distinguished her from the Iphianassa of the Iliad (9. 145). A new source of poetical interest was thus created, since it could now be asked (as Pindar asks8) how far Clytaemnestra was actuated by resentment for the sacrifice of her daughter. In another epic, the Nostoi* (by Agias of Troezen, circ. 750 B.C.), Clytaemnestra aided Aegisthus in the murder, though probably in a subordinate capacity. Further, Pylades was associated with Orestes. And the name of Pylades at once points to Delphi6,— the agency by which the primitive legend of Orestes was ultimately transformed. Influence § 3. The influence of the Delphic priesthood rose and spread of Delphi, .^{.jj j-hg p O w e r o f the Dorians. It did so, not merely because that power was an apt instrument for its propagation, but also because in Hellas at large the time was favourable. The religion of Apollo, as his Pythian interpreters set it forth, was suited to an age which had begun to reflect, but which retained a vivid faith in the older mythology. Here we are concerned with only one aspect of the Apolline cult, that which relates to blood-guiltiness. The Homeric man who has killed another 1 The Epic Cycle ('E«K6S K6K\OS) was a body of epic poems by various hands, arranged in the chronological order of the subjects, so as to form a continuous history of the mythical world. One part of this Cycle consisted of poems concerning the Trojan War. A grammarian named Proclus (circ. 14OA.D.?), in his Xpr)v ov
I.
TOt | (TOl | fl.OVv\a. |[ TSKVOV «
| /40i | dap in the antistrophe. In the latter case, the — v^
'—
— vy
'
— ^
—
*-»
'—
—
metre would read thus :—uir \ can \ /not | 6apaot \ a.8 || VTPO | uv K\V \ over \ av A II, and similarly in the antistrophe; the verse consisting of two tetrapodies, instead of two tripodies.
METRICAL ANALYSIS.
lxxxiii
EPODE.—Choreic, in verses of four feet, varied by two hexapodies. >
w w w
1—
l — - ^ ^ ^ ^
L_ I
1.
(o • ircXoiros | a
Trpo<j6\iv 7roA|ira-ovos | i7r;r|eia A ||
2.
w w w I— I > ww wI I (V • Te y a p o | 7ron"ji(r#|ets /4i>pT|jiXos e|KOi/x|a^|ij A || >
> 4- iray •
>
-
>
L_l
' 8ucr||Tavots I
1.1.
w w \j
TTOV
018
TTOT
;
—w w L— —w \j .— aw ot 8tos| 1] 1 irov ^>aef9|(ov
All
a yap av\ a/fr afxtpiap] eoiv [ xpv&oSeT lots A l_
—w w
2.
: K
—
aXtos
TOLVT €<j>Op WVTH KpV^^>S |
ecra 7W
>
—\j
w 1-
_
ES KpD7TT|oDO-tl' EK|I;X 1 01 A
OIK || uy
Koi [ vvv viro \yai. | as A
[lEaui 1 w] [_
3-
—w
«s A ||
uxos —
4-
w 1— 1—
(0 7ra t TI
>•
a? aau « A
—^^
w'
—w w
L_
7S|cv / i e y a|i)(7|2ys a7roX|€ts IT 0X0
c1 \yap* eSa^i 1?
_ •T0)S A J
vai A
In 844 the coryphaeus says o'Xoa y&p, and Electra interrupts the sentence with i). The pause seems sufficiently to explain how ydp might stand for a long syllable here. J. H . H. Schmidt prefers the alternative of supposing that in the strophe the final of avaris is ' irrational,' a long for a short.
lxxxiv II.
I.
« ' : T'S | oi5
2.
METRICAL ANALYSIS.
I 01S
e<pav | ij
eis a't'8 I av
oi)(O[/.ev\u>v
| 7 a / ) fMe\er\oip
/\ A
VTr|oMr||eis K<XT £/a|ou | TaKo/xev|as A
S | os 7a/) er\y)v A
3.
juaAAov £7r| e/x, |/8ao-|et A ]] (ppovSos
ai>\apir\ acrd jets A
I.
II.
• 4.
444'
SECOND STROPHE.—I. Anapaestic dimeters, with a trochaic pentapody as prelude. II. and III., Logaoedic and Choreic verses. Thus here, again, as in the Parodos, the ytVos Tow and the yevos SnrXdviov are combined.
!• I .
SciXatj a |8etXai|(ov icvp « s A 7raep\ov(r ov\eio~r] -vvv TIS
I.
; 6 = 7rp.
II.
•
III.
4
4
4 4 = £7T.
4/) •4'
/U, ^
f
4 •
l 4
METRICAL ANALYSIS. SECOND STROPHE.—I. Logaoedic.
I. I .
II.
lxxxvii Choreic.
TV)V aya0\(uv | yap A | ev A
#eX|ei A |j
2.
II. I.
a i || toj/a | KOLVOV ev
2.
TO • firj KaX|ov * a 5e
a T apMJT a re
\ OVK ev
a ( r a || 8vo £p\tiv ev \ evt Xoy|a> A ||
Trats evaefi
AJ II.
V.
L y r i c s for a c t o r s (/XE'XOS d-n-d 0-1071/775), v v . 1232—1286.
STROPHE.—I. and II., Dochmiac. I I I . Choreic. IV. Logaoedic. Four pairs of iambic trimeters are interposed among the lyrics ; viz., two pairs after period I., one pair after III., and one pair after IV. The words rt 8' € Tpe8 tS|a)i/ A ]]
I . T I • /xr; 7TO|IJO"(I) I /Aij / t a7r|oel, <j>ofiovfj.£vr) fiy Kal avrov yds d VTTOK€I/X£VOS xat TOV >Opc(TTiji' ets Tiji' c&w/a'Sa Trpos %Tp6iov KOX VTTOSUKVVS 5 Ta ev "Apyct. ^.tKpdv yap airdv KXei/^as €K TOV "Apyovs d 7rat8ayo>yds l^vyev Kai 81a eiKotriv 6T " 7 r ° Kparepav K&K S6\ovrpo(p6s S.ve\e Svmrev64os. E u r . El. 16 rbv phv Trarpbs yepaibs €KK\^ITT€L rpotpeiis j ^ X XOPT' 'OpidTi)v xepds Sir' Myiadov Baveiv. 12 6|j.a£(j.ov, 'kinswoman,' is here
HAEKTPA
9
deem that thou seest Mycenae rich in gold, with the house of the Pelopidae there, so often stained with bloodshed ; whence I carried thee of yore, from the slaying of thy father, as thy kinswoman, thy sister, charged me; and saved thee, and reared thee up to manhood, to be the avenger of thy murdered sire. Now, therefore, Orestes, and thou, best of friends, Pylades, our plans must be laid quickly; for lo, already the sun's bright ray is waking the songs of the birds into clearness, and the dark night of stars is spent. Before, then, anyone comes forth from the house, take counsel; seeing that the time allows not of (Cp. 1373.) 16 /3ovXeur^oK] Blaydes reads fiovkeieTov, as Porson had conjectured (Tracts, p. 221). 2O itioSonropeiv'] Tournier conj. t%odov Tepav. F. W. Schmidt, i% odov irepav.—or£y>/s] aTtyt\ut L. — Nauck brackets this v. and the next. 2 1 £vvdirTeToi>] %vva.irTioi> E, and Toup Emend. I. p. 116. Brunck, Erfurdt and Hartung adopt this, because Pylades does not speak.—ijiiv L, A, with most MSS.:
defined by KOUTIYVTJTTJS : though Sophosorrow are turned to joy, and the god of cles never uses o/uu/ios or 6fial/j.oiv except light prevails.—Kive!...r} (proleptic): of the fraternal tie (O. C. 330 n.). The cp. 1366 TavTa...deli;ovtTiv (yatpij: Ant. emphasis is like that of Kowbv aiTa.6e\<pov 475 n(Ant. [), or the Homeric Kaalyvr/Tos KO.1 19 aoTpuv 6v rpova) vrarpl S dpoijxrjv TCOU ovevcrdi>TGi)v ndpa,
^' d Ooi^os cSi' Treucret ra^a*
35
/ r. For conjectures, see comment, and Appendix. 2 7 In L (iffaiiruo- has been made from ua aMmna. 2 8 ^ S s T'] In L T' has been added in an erasure (from 7' ?) : some MSS. (as A) omit it. V has 5'.—?7rei] G. Wolff, Kvicala, and Wecklein conj. l-iru ('thou art at hand to help'): P. Leopardus, irdpei: Nauck (formerly), IT' eZ, or ev irpthTounv et: O. Hense, ^/ias orpiveis Kairbs ev irpiiirounv &v
moving in a place where...,' 'we are thereabouts'(Campbell). It would mean, 'we are going to a place where...' But he speaks of the present. (2) Is, then, 4I>TO06' spurious? That is the crucial question. If it is spurious, then ifiiv may be a vestige of a longer 1st pers. plur., such as iaraixev: but, if ivra.vB'' is genuine, all such conjectures are barred. Now, when the usage of Sophocles is scrutinised, two points favour the genuineness of ivravB'. (a) It stands as antecedent to Xva in Ph. 429: to £v6a below, 380: and to Sirov in Tr. 800. {d) Sophocles is peculiarly fond of using it in that figurative sense which it would have here, a s = ' u n d e r these circumstances,' 'in that situation': see, e.g., 0. T. 582, 598, 720: 0. C. 585: Ph. 429> 433 : Tr. 37, 772, 936. (3) Supposing that ivravS' is genuine —as seems most likely—no account of the passage is more probable than that the poet wrote us hravB' tva \ oi< £CX.TO,T' dvSpwv K.T.\. Cp. Shakesp. As You Like It, act 2, sc. 3. 56 (Orlando to Adam): ' O good old man, how well in thee appears | The constant service of the antique world.'—aCv»s ( = 5i?\os el).. .ytyas: cp. Lycurg. § 50 <pavepbv iraatv kirolt\<sav aiiK ISLq. TroXeixouvres. 2 5 & So0OKXe/ifi Xinnf, vwdpbs yap vxoii; Pind. dirwXecrev, gnomic aor., combined with N. 8. 4 Kcupov iJ.ii irXacaWpTa.—|x«6dppres. itm\
HAEKTPA
—that alone, and by stealth, without aid of arms or numbers, I should snatch the righteous vengeance of my hand. Since, then, the god spake to us on this wise, thou must go into yonder house, when opportunity gives thee entrance, and learn all that is passing there, so that thou mayest report to us from sure knowledge. Thine age, and the lapse of time, will prevent them from recognising thee; they will never suspect who thou art, with that silvered hair. Let thy tale be that thou art a Phocian stranger, sent by Phanoteus; for he is the greatest of their allies. Tell them, and confirm it with thine oath, yv davwv ipyoicn crct)9a> Ka^eveyKcajxau KXCOS ; S /u,eV, ouSev prjixa crvv KepBeu KCIKOV. ydp eTSov iroXXa/as KOX TOWS croUTO (SC. 6 $OJ/3OS, v. 35), like impf. eV^Xeue.—XoiPatcri, a general word, which could mean either the %vu...Ka6ei.-
Tjp/j.{i>ot. = ap&iJ.evoi.. But there is no ex- replies:—Ka/eds fi^v opvis' el de KepdavGt OI[J,6S efyu fj.rj dav&v \6y(p Ba.vuv. ample of it in the classical period.
56 Join irov with Kal a~t> ('thou, too, p Y t h e plur., as in 0. C. 782 (n.). doubtless knowest'): cp. 948 wapova-Lav —KaijeveyKai|j.cu,' carry off' from the enterliiv oTl\oii>, /c.r.X. Since prise: Tr. 497 ixiya n adivot a ~K.VTrpis he has a definite spot in mind, irov would iKtpiperai VIKCLS del. less fitly be taken with 6&f/,vois, as = 'some6X 8OK K.T.X. (53), and continues the ex- to have been born anew (schol.). Herodotus tells a similar story of the Thracian position of the plan which he is about to execute, (pipoi/iev could depend only Salmoxis, a slave and disciple of Pythaupon KCKpv/j.ii.{i>op ('which was hidden in goras, who thus converted the Thracians to a doctrine of immortality (4. 95). So, order that we might bring,' etc.). Similarly in 0. C. n irv8v£o aAueiv,
135
14 aiai,
a'. XO. d\\' OVTOL TOV y i£ 'AiSa 2 irayKoivov X.i)u,vas irc/tripa, dvcrrdcreis oure tyoots oure AiTaZcriv • 3 d W euro raw \i.erpiu>v iir' djxrj^avov 140 4 dXyos dei (TTevdyovcra StoWucrat, 5 ev ots dvd\v(TL$ ianv ouSejiua KOLKCOV. 6 r t jiiot raJv Svcr(f)6po)v idvr] fiporav, 2 7rpo9 o r i cri» raw evBov el Trepicrad, 3 dis 6jx66ev el KCLI yova ^ 4 o t a~K.pvcr6defjit,a.Tos, Ti.fj.up6s. 4)177 |M]TC uirepdxBeo (roiirms) 08s Crisa stood about two miles w.s.w. of e\8a£pus H"iT€ «'TiXd8ou (airCiv). For Delphi, on a spur of Parnassus, at the ols (by attraction, for 06s), cp. Xen. H. lower outlet of the gorge through which 3. 5. 18 ty Kal iirip4\euw iroieiTcu. I n the without giving her anything to hope for. quotation of the verse by Suidas there, It would be inappropriate to justify this the word dveirhpoiros (which would mean (as the causal e m s does) b y saying that 'without a guardian') has accidentally she is pining away 'without parents' or a been substituted for aweptTpoiros. Suidas, husband's care, while the mention of like the schol., explains airepirpoiros by children is perfectly in place. (2) T h e ai>ewios. T h e y both notice a second,very order of the words, TeK^tov...avftp, is but clearly erroneous, view, ace. to which confirmed by vv. 164 f., &T£Kvos...avi}fi-
J. S.
VI.
34
IOOKAEOYI 13 as £o-Ta.|J.cu, because to lie at meals on a immigrants.' / / . 9. 648 w^fi TIV' i.Tifj.t\- KKivti was a luxury refused to the SOVXTJ : TOV /neravdirTriv, ' like some worthless such food as she receives must be taken standing. This touch seems quite in sojourner' (or 'alien'). keeping with what she says below as to 190 olKovofJuo 8a\d(j.ox>s: for the verb the treatment inflicted upon her (1196 compounded with a noun similar in sense to0a\a/xoi»s, cp. Tr. >j6oTaupoKTOvei...povs'. \6/uwn). The plur. Tpawi$ai.s refers to II. 4. 3 viKTap k^voxbci. By olicovo/iui was her experience from day to day. meant properly the 'management' of a Hartung, reading K«vd 8' i.p.ipLpd£,OV fJLrj TTOpCTO) (f>(DV€LV. 2 ou yvatjxav tcr\ei.—a/tipa made in L from a/Mpav. 2O4 guirayX &X&V] yp- (Kiray\a irddr] schol. in L and Y. 2OS TOI>S] Johnson and Reiske conj. rofs (as Nauck and Blaydes read): Paley, rots r ' : Frohlich and W. Hoffmann, 6V.—ISe Brunck: tide MSS. (oWe T). 2O6 aUus Seidler (De vers. dochm. p. 404): ai'/ceiir L : deiKcis r, and Aid.—x e V 0 '" r : XeP°'w L. 2O8 L has at fi in an erasure.—•d7rt£\e the hand of Clytaemnestra and the hand of Aegisthus. Cp. for the Ionic form, cp. 0-T. 127411. 1080 ScStj/xav^'^jpLvOf. Nauck wishes to 213 irdpcru, restored by conjecture, write8i8i5(i.oi.v. But Meisterhans (Gramm. in place of irpbaa, to O.C. 178, 181, 226, d. Att. Inschr. p. 49) quotes XiSlvaiv from is here supported by L and other MSS. an Attic inscr. of 439 B.C. Cp. 1133. It is used by Pindar and by Eur. (Tro. 189). The Homeric form, where a spondee 2O7 f. «iXov...irp£8oTov. The muris required, is irpb<sau>: the Attic prose derous hands 'took her life captive,' since form, Trdppoj. the crime placed her wholly in their power (264); and this was done by 2 1 4 f. yv
