Select Readings Pre-Intermediate: Student Book

A-PDF MERGER DEMO

SelectReadings

Linda ee

OXTORD I]NIVERSITY

PRESS

OXTORD TINTVERSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

PRESS

198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP England Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbu| Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur MacLri,cLMelbout"ne Meri,co City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai, Singapore Tai,pei, Tokyo Toronto and an associated, company,in

Berlin

OXFORD is a trademark of Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-437700-8 Copyright @ 2002 Oxford University Press Library Data

of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Lee. Linda. 1950Select Readings-Pre-Intermediate and Erik Gundersen p/cm.

/ by Linda Lee

rsBN0-r9-437700-8 1 English language-Textbooks for foreign speakers. 2. Readers. I. Gundersen, Erik. II. Title. P81t2&L4262002 4286'4-d,c2I

00-029125

No unauthorized

photocopying

A-ll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Select Readi,ng s-Pre- Intermediate Editorial Development, Project Management, and Production: Marblehead House, Inc. Assistant Editor: Phebe Szatmari Designer: Susan Brorein Production Manager: Shanta Persaud Production Coordinator: Eve Wong Composition & Prepress Sewices: Compset, Inc. Cover design: Tom Hawley, Hawley Design Cover photo: Yu Jun-Chin/Top Photo Corp.,IHenry Westheim Photography Printing(Iastdigit):10 Printed in China.

I 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I

The publishers would. like to thank the to reproduce following for their permission excerpts:

texl

"Mika's Homestay in London," "CeIl Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking," and "How Safe Is Nuclear Power?" adapted with permission from Mini-World Magazine. "How to be a Successful Businessperson" adapted with permissionftom TTLzWaIl Street Joutm,al Eastern Edition [Staff produced copy only] by Jeffrey A. Tarurenbaum Copp'ight 1996 by DOWJONES & CO INC. Reproduced with permission of DOW JONES & CO INC in the format Textbook via Copytight Clearance Center. "Tonic Water, Please" adapted from an article by Tetsuya Saruhashi. Used with permission from the author. "The Ghost Pilot" reproduced with permission from Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. "Helping Others" adapted with permission from Habitat for Humanity International, based on the article "Helping Others Sends Concrete Message" that appeared in the AprilMay 2000 issue of Habitat World. "Vanessa-Mae: A 21st Century Musican" adapted with permission from Weigl Educational Publishers Limited. "A Day in the Life of a Freshman" adapted with permission from the author. "Great Places to Visit" adapted with permission from National Geographic Taiwan. Studio photography by: Rick Ashley Location photogtaphy by: Rick Ashley and Adam Brown The publisher would like to thank the following Jor their permission to reproduce photographs: Prof. Joseph Jacobson: @Webb Chapelle, 1995-1999; Kazi Food portrait: Adam Brown/winstonwest.com; Lockheed 1011 jet courtesy of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company; nuclear power plant: www.comstock.com; Taroko Gorge and HighwayORon Watts/CORBIS; Ttail in Bamboo Forest@Ron Watts/CORBIS; General Electric Console Television@Schenectadv Museum, Hall of Electrical History Foundation/CORBIS; National Palace Museum in TaipeiOKevin R. Morris/CORBIS; Vanessa-Mae Holding Her ViolinOS.I.N. /CORBIS; Vendor Sells to Baseball Fans@Kelly-Mooney Photography/CORBIS; Pedestrians Crowding a StreetOMacduff Everton/CORBIS; Baseball Fans in Fukuoka Stadium@Michael S. Yamashita,rCORBIS; Diners Eat at Night Market in Taiwan;@Michael S Yamashita./CORBIS; photo of Mariko Asano courtesy of Habitat World Magazine; Beach at Lan YuOYu JunChin rTop Photo Corp.Alenry Westheim Photography; Reactor Core and Cooling PoolOYann ArthusBertrand/CORBIS; Yami hair danceOCheng Chi Hai,/Top Photo Corp.,lHenry Westheim Photography. Many tharrks to Zubair Kazi and Chris Scanlan of Kazi Foods for their help with the photo of Mr. Kazi in Chapter 4 and to George Cary and the staff of Finz Restaurant in Salem, Massachusetts for their cooperation in setting up the photograph for Chapter 5. Dictionary definitions adapted from the Oxford American Wordpower Dictionary

A

A

A

AA

AAAA

Acknowledgments The publisher would like to thank the following teacherswhose comments,reviews and assistancewere instrumental in the developmentof SelectRead"ings: Ann Mei-YuChang Ann-Marie Hadzima Beatrice Hsiao-TsuiYang Brett Rey'nolds Chia-YiSun Chi-FanLin Ching-KangLiu Christine Chen-JuChen Christopher E. Cuadro Chuan-TaChao Colin Gullbery David W.Y.Dai DouglasI-Ping Ho Ellen Margaret Head Florence Yi-Hui Chiou FrancesJ. Shiobara pqjiko Sano

Greg Stinnett Hideaki Narita Hsiu-ChiehChen Hyun-WooLee JessicaHsin-Hwa Chen Jong-Bok Kim Jong-YurlYoon Joyce Yu-HuaLee Kabyong Park Kozuko Unosawa Kun-IiangChuang Maggie Sokolik Makoto Shimizu Maureen Chiu-YuTseng Meredith Pike-Baky MoasungLin Monica Li-Feng Kuo

Patricia Pei-ChunChe Paul Cameron Pei-YinLu Peng-HsiangChen Richard Solomons Robin Cheng-HsingTsai Russell Lefko Sherry Hsin-YingLi Stella Wen-HuiLi StephenMendenhall StephenSlater StevenDonald SusanShu-HuaChou Tsuh-LaiHuang Won Park Ying-ChienChang Yu-ChenHsu

The authors would like to thank the following OUP staff for their support and assistancein the developmentof SelectReadings: Chris Balderston Julia Chang Tina Chen Coco Cheng Ted Yoshioka

JJ Lee ChangOh Lim Hannah Lee Kevin Park

Paul RileY Sumio Takiguchi Alison Kane AYaIwamura

Special thanks to Marblehead House and Chris Foley for all of your insights, guidance,and suggestionsfor changethroughout the editorial process.Working with you has been a great pleasure.

.

lll

Contents

troduction Chapter

aiii I Are You Getting Enough Sfeep?

|

"Who,thappens if Eou don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school stud,ent in the United, States, wanted, tofind out."

Chapter 2 MikaSHomestayin London

1|

"'What d,ogou u:antfor your 19'kbirthdag?' my parents asked,rne. 'A ring,' I replied. Howeuer, i,nstead of a Nng, mg pa,rents gaue nl,ea one-nlonth homestaE i,n London."

Chapter 3 The Book of the Future

22

Chapter + How to Be a Successful Businessperson

32

Chapter

+3

'WCll books in thefuture be simil,o,r to the booksgou can buy todag? The ansusr to thnt questi,on,is no."

uHere's a story about one successful busi,nessperson.He sta,rted,out utashing d,ishes and, tod,ay he ouns 768 restaurants."

5 TonicWater;Please "Dtr,ri,ngm,Efirstmonths in Catmdn, I didn't hnue a lnt of trouble und,erstanding peopl,e. Unfortunatelg, hntnuuer, Carlad,iuxls couldtt't alw ay s unfl,erstand, ma "

Chapter 6 CelfPhones:Hang Up or KeepTalking?

5+

"Whai is it that makes mobi.tephones Ttotentially haltnful? The answer is radiation."

Chapter

7 The Ghost Pilot "Theflight attendantleaned down to speak to the man but he ignored her. Thert, as she touched his arm, he slouly faded aru;ay,lea,aing onlg an emptA seat."

iv.

65

Chapter I

HelpingOthers

75

"On the Lastday, all of us stood inside o,roon1, we had built in just a week,feeling a sense of fulfillment."

Chapter I

BaseballFansAround the World

85

"Taitnanesefans often gell'Charge!' to ercite the baseballplayers."

A 2l " CenturyMusician Chapter I O Vanessa-Mae:

96

"By the ti,me she uas twelue, Vanessa-Mae had plaged with orchestras all oaer the world as a soloist."

Chapter | |

How Safels'NuclearPower?

lO7

"SuTtporters of nuclear eTLergAsa,g it is a necessary source of power. This i,s especiallE true in countries like Japan, which depends on nuclear energy for about 35o/oof i,ts g)o?rer."

Chapter 12 Loveat FirstSight

| |6

"It lnas loue atfirst sight. It's always erciti,ng to hear those words. But d,opeople reallg beli,eaei,n Ioae atfi,rst sight?"

Chapter | 3 ADay in the Lifeof a Freshman

127

"I get ugt about seaen o'clock in the motning. Since my fdend,s and, I haue a group bli,nd date toni,ght, I take ertra time to look my best."

Chapter t 4 GreatPlacesto Visit

| 38

Each montlt National Geographic Magazine asks one of its editors: What are the bestplaces to uisit in your area of the world?

164

s frregular

rbs

168

. v

Scopeand Sequence Readi

ntent

iu

Building Vocabularg

cus

Chapter I

The

Using context

Learning

Are You Getting

importance

clues

words in

Understanding the present

Enough Sleep?

ofsleep

context

perfect and simple past

Chapter 2

Studying in

Understanding

Keeping a

Giving reasons

Mika3

an English-

words with

vocabulary

withbecause

log

andsince

Using

Using

compound

comparative

nouns

forrns of

Homestay

speaking

more than one

in London

country

meaning

Chapter 3

Technologrfor

Previewing

The Book of

future books

the Future

adjectives Chapter 4 How to Be a Successful

Building a successful business

Making

Making aword

Using

inferences

form chart

infinitives

Understanding prefixes

ideas with

Businessperson Chapter 5

Commr.rnicating Scanning

Tonic Water,

in aforeign

Please

language

Connecting and, but, and howeuer

Chapter 6

Understanding

Expressing

the difference

certainty and

Understanding what pronouns

Hang Up or

between facts

uncertainty

referto

Keep Talking?

and opinions Leaming

IJsingmust

synonyrns

haae + past participle

Cell Phones:

Chapter 7 TheGhostPilot

vl .

The dangers of cell phone use

Aghoststory

Summarizing

Scopeand Sequence Chapter 8

Volgnteering

Helping Others

Identilyingthe

Usingprefixes:

topic and main

un-, im-, in-, 'Lr-

idea Chapter 9

The behavior

BaseballFans

ofbaseball

Around the

fans

Making predictions

Understanding gerunds

Grouping

Using the

wordsand phrases

watch, andfeel

verbssee,hear, +obiect+4ng

World

form Chapter lO

Ayoung

Dealingwith

Understanding

Showinga

Vanessa-Mae:

musician's life

unfamiliar

suffixes

contrast with although

words

A 2l st Century Musician

Writing margin

Learning word

Using a verb +

notes

forms

that cla'use

Using a

Using the past

Love at First

Asking yourself

learner's

continuous

Sight

questions

dictionarY

Chapter | |

Nuclear power

How Safe ls Nuclear Power? Chapter | 2

Falling in love

while you read Chapter t 3

Auniversity

Using context

A Day in the

student's life

clues

Life of a

Understanding

Expressing

two-word

cause and

verbs

effect with so + noun/a{iective

Freshman

+ thnt Chapter 14 Great Placesto Visit

Tlavel

Reading

Using context

destinations

words in

to lmow if a

chunks

wordis anoun

Understanding -ins clauses

or averb .

vii

Introduction Select Readings is a seriesof readingtexts for pre-intermediateand intermediate students of English. In both books high-interest reading passagesserve as springboards for reading skills development, vocabulary building, Ianguageanalysis, and thought-provoking discussionsand writing. ln Select Readings-Pre-fntermediate, the readingsaddressa wide range of fresh and engagingtopics, Iike how to be a successful businessperson,electronic books of the future, love at first sight, and baseball fans around the world.

onen The compl eteSelect Reading s-Pre-Intermediate includes the following components: o Student Book

program

o Quizzes and Answer Key. This is available for downloading at w'tDw.oup.com/elt/selectreadings. This easy-to-useinstructor's companion includes an answer key for all activities in the Student Book and a reproducible,one-pagequiz for eachchapter. o Cassette.An accompanylngaudio cassettefeatures recordings of all of the reading passagesin the book.

The following principles have guided our approach throughout the developmentof Select Readings: . Readers become engaged with a selection when they are asked to respond personally to its theme. While comprehension questionshelp students seeif they have understood the information in a reading, discussionquestionsask students to consider the issues raisedby the passage. viii .

Readers sharpen their reading, vocabulary-building, and language analysis skills when tasks are tied directly to the content and language of each reading passage.Select introduces students to reading skills Re ad.ing s-Pre-Intermediate such as previewing and making inferences,to vocabulary-building strategiessuch as learning synonymsand keeping a vocabulary log, and to languagestudy topics such as using infinitives and giving reasonswithbecauseand si,nce. Good readers make good writers. Readinghelps students develop writing skills, while writing experiencehelps students become better readers. Background knowledge plays an important role in reading comprehension. An imporbantgoal of Select Read'ings is to illustrate how thinking in advanceabout the topic of a reading prepares readers to better comprehendand interact with a text.

ter Oaeraiew Each chapter in Select Read,ings includes the eight sections described below Suggested time frames for covering the material are also given. 1. Opening Page (5 to 15 minutes) The purpose of this page is to draw readers into the theme and content ofthe chapter.

aching Suggestions: . CalIstudents'attentionto the ChapterFocusbox. Givethem a chanceto think aboutthe contentandskills they areaboutto study and to set their own learning goals for the chapter. . Ask students to identify what they see in the photo(s) or artwork on the page and guesswhat the chapter is about. Have them read the quotation, restate it in their own words, and then say if they agree with it. Finally, ask what connection there might be between the image(s) and the quotation. 2. Before You Read (30 to 40 minutes) Questions in many of the Before YouRead,sections ask students to reflect on their prior knowledgeof each chapter'stopic. Giving studentstime to think about and discussthese questionsis an essential part of helping them activate their backgroundknowledge on each topic. In Chapter4 andbeyond,the majority of.Before YouRead . l x

sections include aPreui,ewi,ng Chart. To complete this chart, students are asked to scan the reading for imporlant names, places, and words. Using the information they have found, students predict what the reading will be about. Effective readers use pre-reading skills like scanning to get an initial feel for the content and organization of the reading passage.

aching Suggestions: o Makesurethat studentsunderstandthe purposeof the BeforeYou Read,actiities. Explainthat activatingprior knowledgewill help them to better comprehend the reading passage. o Encourage student participation in the activities by having people work in small groups to complete the activities. o React to the content of students' ideas rather than to the grammatical accnracy of their responses. 3. Reading Passage (45 to 60 minutes) In general, the readings become increasingly longer and more complex as the chapters progress. To help students successfully approach each passage, we have provided the following support tools: Vocabulary glosses. Challenging words and expressions are glossed throughout the readings. In many cases we have glossed expressions (e.g., making a profi,t) instead of individual vocabulary items (e.g., profi,t). This approach helps students develop a better sense of how imporbant context is to understanding the meaning of new words. Culture and Langudge Notes. On pages 151-163, students will find explanations for cultural references and language usage that appear in blue print in the readings. Notes are provided on a wide range of topics from cultural information on American high schools, to geographical references such as London, and to famous people such as Mozarl. Numbered lines. For easy reference, every fifth line of each reading passage is numbered. Recorded, reading pdssdges. Students can listen to all of the reading passages on the audio program that accompanies Select Beadings-Pre-fntermediate. Listening to someone reading a text aloud helps language learners see how words are clustered in meaningful groups, thus aiding comprehension.

aching Suggestions: o Encouragestudentsto readactively.Circlingwords,writing questionsin the margins,andtakingnotesarethreewaysin which students can make reading a more active and meaningful experience.

x .

Make sure students know how to use the vocabulary glosses, Culture and Language Notes, and other support tools to assist them in the readingprocess. Encouragestudents to use context to guessthe meaning of unfamiliar words. PIay the recorded version of the reading passageand ask students to listen to how the reader groups words together.As they listen to the recording, students lightly underline or circle the groups of words. 4. After You Read: Understanding

the Text (30 to 45 minutes)

Following each passage, there are two to four post-reading activities that give students the chance to clarify their understanding of the text and discuss the issues raised in the reading. The comprehension questions test students'understanding ofthe facts, basic concepts, and new vocabulary presented in the passages. Questions in the Consider the Issues section ask students to talk about ideas introduced in the reading.

ach i n g S u g g e sti o n sl . Getstudentsto discusstheir reactionto the readingsin pairsor questionsandanswersgives groups.Theprocessof discussing students an opportunity to check their comprehension more critically and analyze their reactions to the passages. . Show students the value of returning to the reading again and again to answer the comprehension and discussion questions. Ask them to point out the specific places in the reading where they have found answers to the questions posed. . If time permits and you would like students to have additional writing practice, ask them to write an essay or a journal entry on one of the questions in the Consi'der the Issues section. 5. Reading Skill (20 to 30 minutes) At the beginning of each Readi'ng Skill section, students encounter a short explanation of the skill in focus and, when appropriate, an example of how that skill relates to the reading in the chapter. The task following this explanation asks students to return to the reading to think about and apply a new reading skill. . Discuss the general purpose of developing reading skills. The more students understand the rationale behind acquiring these critical skills, the more motivated they wiII be to develop and refine them. o Review the explanations and sample sentences at the beginning of each Read,ing SkiLI section before asking students to tackle the . x l

questionsthat follow Encouragethem to ask any questionsthey have about the explanations or examples. r Reflect with students on the ways in which they can apply the reading skills they have Iearned in each chapter to other reading passagesand to other readinggenres. 6. Building Vocabulary (20 to 30 minutes) Readingextensively is an excellent way for students to increasetheir vocabulary base. Consideringthis, we pay careful attention to developingstudents'vocabulary building skills in each chapter of Select Readings. Learning words in context, understandingprefixes, using a learner's dictionary and a variety of other vocabulary-building skills are taught throughout the book. Like the reading skill activities, eachBuilding Vocabulary section starts out with a short explanation and, when appropriate, examplesof the skill in focus. In the activity that follows the explanation, students often scan the reading to gather and analyzevarious types of words. In Chapter 2 andbeyond, the final task in eachBuilding vocabulary actiity invites students to record six new words or phrasesthey have learned in the VocabularyLog f.ound on pages169-175.This activity encouragesstudentsto record and remember the vocabulary items that are important to them personally. aching Suggestions: r View the explanations and sample sentencesat the beginning of each Build,i,ng Vocabulary section before asking students to tackle the questionsthat follow. Encouragethem to ask any questionsthey have about the explanations or examples. r Show students the value of returning to the reading to find an answer whenever they are unsure of a vocabulary-relatedquestion. o Encouragestudents to write down new words and phrasesthat are important to them in the Vocabulary Log onpages 769-175. o Discussthe value of using an English-Englishlearner's dictionary to find the meaningsof unfamiliar words. 7. Language Focus (20 to 30 minutes) The final skill-building section in each chapter calls attention to important grammatical structures and functions that occur with some degreeoffrequency in the readingpassage.The goal ofthis section is to focus students'attention on critical grammarpoints as they occur in context.

xll

.

a ch i n g S u g g e sti o n s: . Review the explanations and sample sentences at the beginning of each Language Focus section before asking students to answer the questions that follow. Encourage students to ask any questions they have about the explanations or examples. o Invite students to talk about what they already know about the Ianguage point in focus. Many students lcrow a great deal about grammar and are pleased to demonstrate this knowledge. . Underscore the fact that the Language Focus sections are intended to help students review language they have already learned in the context of a reading passage. It can be very valuable for students to see the ways in which the grammatical structures they have studied appear naturally in real-life selections. 8. Discussion and Writing (45 to 60 minutes) At the end of each chapter, students have an opportunity to talk and write about a variety of issues. The questions in this section provide students with a chance to broaden their view on the topic of the reading and to address more global issues and concerns. Students can write on a sheet of paper or in a notebook.

aching Suggestions: . When time permits, let students discuss a question a secondtime with a different partner or group. This allows them to apply what they learned in their first discussion of the question. r Chooseone or more of the questionsin this section as an essaytopic for students. Each chapter ends with a charbof useful Words to Remember.This charbsummarizesthe key words and phrases students should be able to recognize after completing each chapter. This project grew out of our deep and profound love for reading,and our desire to share this love of reading with our students. In developingSelect Readings, we have e4joyedthe processof talking to teachersaII over the world about the types of reading selections they feel their students enjoy the most, and learn the most from. We hope that you and your students enjoy teaching and learning with S elect Re ading s -Pre -f nte rme diat e. Linda Lee Erik Gundersen

.

xlll

Early

to bed and

earlg to rise, makes d rnan healthy,

C

T

:

The importance of sleep

wealthy, and wise.

Using context clues - B enj a,mi,nFr ankli,n, U.S.pol itici an, i nuen lor, uri,ter, and,sci,entist

B

R

Y

Learning words in context

G70A-17e0)

Understandingthe present perfect and simple past

r

l

A. Check(/l your answersto thesequestionsabout sleep. | . How many hours a night do you usually sleep? n fewer than 6 hours a night E between 6 and 8 hours a night n more than 8 hours a night 2. How do you feel when you wake up in the morning? ! great E okay n terrible 3. How ofbendo you feel sleepy during the day?

n often

E sometimes

n almost never

B. Pair work. Compareanswers.Do you have the samesleephabits? A: I usually sleep fewer than 6 hours a night. B: Me too. I I ReaIIy?I usually sleep more than 8 hours. C. What do you think? Readthesestatementsand guessTrueor False.Check(/) your guesses.Then read pages 3-4 and check your answers. True False | . Scientists don't know why we need to sleep. 2. It's possible to stay awake for one week. 3. It's unhealthy to go without sleep.

t r n n t r t r t r

D. Group work. Compareyour answerswith your classmates. Then pages read 3-4 and checkyour answers.

2 Chapter 1 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Passa e ARE YOU GETTING ENOUGH

SLEEP?

Note: Erplnnatti,otts for u.nrds in hlue type can befoun'd' i'n the Culture and LonguageNoteson pages 151-163. What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designedan experimentl on the effects of sleeplessness2for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That's eleven days and nights without sleep! What effect did sleeplessnesshave on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry.3 By the third day, 1 0 he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating. For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagineda he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner'sspeechSbecameso slurred that people couldn't understand him. He also had trouble 1 5 remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a counting test.6 In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting. He couldn't remember what he was doing. When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night he slept for twelve hours, the third night 20 he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule. Even though Gardner recoveredT quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous.They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how 25 serious sleeplessnesscan be. After a few weeks without sleep, the I experiment a scientific test 2 effects of sleeplessness things that happenwhen you don't get enough sleep 3 blurry difficult to see 4 imagined thought 5 speech way of talking 6 a counting test sayingnumbersin order: 1,2,3,4, etc. 7 recovered returnedtonormal r

J

rats starbedlosing their fur.8 And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight. Eventually9the rats died.

30

During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don't know for sure.l0 Some scientists think we sleep in order to replenishlr brain cells.Other scientiststhink that sleephelps the body to grow and to relieve stress.l2Whateverthe reason, we know that it is imporlant to get enough sleep.

Understandi

the

xt

A. True or False?Readthe statementsand check (uz)Trueor False. True Fafse | . Randy Gardner studied the effects of sleeping too much.

t r n

2 . During the experiment, Gardner slept for several hours every night.

n

tr

3 . During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.

n

n

4 . It took two weeks for Gardner to recover from the experiment.

n

n

5 . Going without sleepis not dangerousfor white rats.

N

T

6 . Scientists are not sure why we need to sleep.

n

n

7 . In the first paragraph,the words "find out" (Iine 2) mean learn or di,scouer.

t r t r

8. In the secondparagraph(line 14) the word "slurred" means easy to understand.

n

Work with your classmates to correctthe falsestatements. 6 fur hair on an animal's body I eventually after some time 1o for sure definitely rl replenish build new; renew 12 relieve stress to remove or get rid of negative feelings

4 Chapter 1 . Are,YouGetting Enough Sleep?

tr

B. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below | . What are the effects of sleeplessness?List three more ideas from the reading passage.

a

You miqht have troubleseeingclearly.

o

You miqht

a

You miqht

o You could

2. Pair work. Think of three more possibleeffects of sleeplessness. Example A: You might have trouble driving a car. B: That's right. And you could have trouble . . . a . You could b . You might c.

3. What is your opinion of Gardner'sexperiment?Check (uz)one or more statementsor write your own. tr I think it was a dangerousexperiment. n I think it was an interesting experiment. n I don't think the experiment was very scientific. E I would like to know more about Gardner'sexperiment.

n Shareyour opinion with your partner and tell why. Example:

I think i,t was an interesting erperiment becauseI leavneda lot about the importance of sleep.

r

$

Reading Skill Using context cfues13 You don't need to understandthe exact meaningof every new word.Instead, you can guessthe generalmearringof new words by Iooking at the context - the words before and after the new word, and in the sentencesbefore and afberthe new word. Gardner stayed, awake for 264 hours. That's eleum days and nights without sleep. If you don't know the words "stayed awake," you can guessthe meaningfrom the context clue "without sleep."

Example:

A. Underlinethe contextcluesthat helpyou guessthe meaningof the boldfaced words.

ExamPre:f#:':,;f:::":;;;:'r:'{:;',fffiYtr'"f{ |. After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner had trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry. 2. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating. For example, when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person. 3. Over the next few days, Gardner'sspeechbecameso slurred that people couldn't understand him. B. Usecontextcluesto guessthe generalmeaningof the boldfaced words. Circleyour answer. l. The price of clothing was so reasonable that we bought a lot of things. (cheap / expensive) 2. I felt so at ease on the airplane that I was able to go to sleep. (comfortable / uncomfortable) 3. The test was so tough that no one passedit. (easy/ difficult) 4. We went to a trattoria after work. I ordered pasta, and he had a salad. (a place to work / aplace to eat) 5. Youwill needa very sharplcrife to slice thosepotatoes.(cut / wash)

13 clues

things that help you find something or solve a problem

6 Chapter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

cabufary Learning words in context It's a good idea to learn a new word together with the words around it (the context). Below are some examples of the words that we ofben use with sleep.

go to sleep go without sleep get enoughsleep

get a good night's sleep spend hours sleeping sleep schedule

A. Completeeach questionwith a word from the box below {More than one answermay be possible.) enough

schedule

to

spend

L What time do you usually go

2 . What time did you go 3 . Did,you get

sleep?

sleeTtlast night? sleeplastnight? sleep?

4 . How long canyotgo 5 . Do you ustally get 6 . Did you

without

sleep onweeknights? more than 50 hours sleepi,nglast week?

7 . Do you have a regular or irregular sleeTt 8. Do you have the same sleeTt

every day?

B. Pair work. Ask a partnerthe questionsin ActivityA. A: What time do you usually go to sleep? B: I usually go to sleepat 10:30.

Language Focus Understanding the present perfect and simple Past At the begiruringof a conversation,we often use the presentperfect + euerto ask a generalquestionabout someone'spast experiences. Euermearts"at any time before now."

t

l

Examplesz Haue Uou euer slept unti'Lnoon? Haae Aou eaer gone to sleepi'n class? (Seepage 168for a list of past participlesfor irregular verbs.) To ask questionsabout a specific time or experiencein the past, we use the simplepast tense. Example: A: Haae Aou eaergonefor 24 hours usithoutsleep? B: Yes,afew ti,mes. A: How did. goufeel? B: Teryi,ble. Then A. Completeeach pair of questionswith a word in parentheses. aska partnerthe questions. |. (sleep/slept/sleeping) a. Have you ever b. Why did you

for more than 12hours? for so long?

2. (Have/ Did / Has) a.

you ever slept for fewer than 6 hours?

b.

you feel bad the next day?

3. (gone/ go / going) a. Have you ever hours? b. Why did you

without sleep for more than 24 without sleep?

4. (spend / spent / spending) a. Have you ever b. Why did you

12hours sleeping? so much time sleeping?

Find someonewho answers"Yes"to B. Talkto differentclassmates. each questionbelow. Then askthe follow-up question. Example: A: B: A: B:

14 waterbed

Haue Aou euerslept on a waterbed'?l4 Yes,Ihaue. Wasit comfortable? No. It was uncomfortable.

a bed filled with water that moves when you lie on it

8 Chopter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Have vou ever . . . slepton a waterbed?

+

Wasit comfortable?

slepton an airplane?

+

Wereyou comfortable?

sleptin a tentT

+

Did you like it?

fallenasleepduringclass?

+

Did your teachernotice?

had trouble goingto sleeP?

+

What did you do?

Discussion &

iti

A. Keepa sleepschedulefor one week. Then answerthe questions below. When did you Did you feel What time did go to bed sfeepy during you get up in at night? the day? the morning? Monday

T\resday Wednesday

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday |. Which night did you get the least sleep?Wereyou very sleepythe next day? 2. Which night did you sleepthe most?How did you feel the next day? 3. Did you get enough sleep during the week? Why or why not? B. Chooseone of the questionsbelow and answerit in writing. | . What are the effects of going without drinking water? 2. What are the effects of going without food? 3. What are the effects of eating more than you need? 4. What are the effects of running l0 kilometers? 5. What are the effects of watching television aII day? o c )

Example: What are the effects of going without drinking water?

After a few hours. vou will beainto feel thirstv,Your mouth willleel dry t oo, After a few more houre, vou miahi otart lo feel tired and dizzv. Soon vou won'l be able Lo do

anylhina.lf you ao without water for too lona.vou willdie.

experiment

find out

blurry

effects (of)

go without

dangerous

stress

have (trouble)

reasonable

rmagrne

normal

pass(a testl recover(from) spend(timel

I O Chapter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Chapter

We traoel to learn.

C -Maria

Mi,tchell,

U.S.astronomer (1818-1889)

T

:

Studying in an English-speakingcountry Understandingwords with more than one meaning

B Keepingavocabularylog

RY:

Giving reasonswith.becauseand si,nce

.

l l

A. lmagineyou are going to study in another country.check (/) your answerto the questionbelow and then tellyour classmates. Where would You like to live? n in ahotel n in auniversitY dormitory n with a host famrty (a family from that country)

n other: Example:

I uould, tike to liue ui"th a hostfamily'

B. The author of the next readinglivedwith a host familyin England' Add two of what would you like to know about her experience? your own questionsto the list below.

I

t -

Did she enjoy stayingwith a host family?

2 . Did she livein London? 3 . Did she likethe food in England?

+. 5.

c. Readpages l3-14 and look for answersto the questionsin ActivityB. Write them in the chart above.

l2

Chapter 2 ' Mi'ka's Homestay i'n London

Passa e MIKA'S HOMESTAYI IN LONDON by Mika Tanaka

Mika Tanaka, a college stud,entfrom an, had a wonderful and, studi,ed homestay in Land,on. She liued usith a Britishfamily Englishfor a month. "What do you want for your l9th birthday?" my parents asked me. "A ring," I replied. However, instead of a ring, my parents gave me a one-month homestay in London. On February 11, I left Japan. On the plane, I worried about being all alonez there - a stranger to London. But when I met the Flannery family (my host family), their warm welcomes made me feel at ease.a Both my host father and mother were very kind and treated me like their own daughter.s

10

Getting Ready to Go Before going to London, I did some research on English schools in London and chose Oxford House College, mainly because it had reasonable fees. Also, there weren't many Japanese students at Oxford House.

I took my parents' advice and requested that my homestay family have both a mother and a father, be native-born,6 non-smoking, 1 5 middle-class British people, and live neax a subway station. I later found that this was very good advice, since some of my friends at the English school were having problems with their host families.

20

Living in London Potatoes! It took me a little time to get used to7 the many kinds of potato dishes served: fried potatoes, steamed potatoes, sliced potatoes, and different-colored potatoes. My host mother was a good cook. She made delicious pasta and chicken dishes and even cooked rice for me. t homestay a period during which a visitor in a foreign country lives with a local family 2 all alone by myself; without someoneI know 3 warm welcome friendly greeting a feel at ease feel comfortable 5 treated me like their own daughter were kind and good to me, like I was their own daughter 6 native-born British people people bom in England 7 get used to become comfortable with

. 13

25 Saturday evenings,Mr. and Mrs. Flannery would go to their favorite pub8 to spend time together. Although I selecteda school with few Japanesestudents,there were 30 still at least two in each class.In class,I tried to speak a lot, but many Japanesestudentsdidn't use their English very much (even if they had Iargevocabularies),and spoke only Japanesewith their friends. Sometimes,I asked other people their impressions ofe Japan'

35 was very impor[ant, becauseit is the languagethat people from many countries use the most. I would like to be more open-minded about 40 people from different countries, Iike my host family is'

AJter Vou Read Understanding the Text Vocabulary check. What is the correctmeaning of the italicized words?UnderlineYour answer. | . The word,"repli,ed,"inline 2 means (answered/ asked/ done)'

2 . The word "reasonable" in Iine 11 means (expensive /ftee / not expensive).

3 . The word "reqLlested"'inline 13 means (asked i said / refused)'

+. The word

'found," in line 16 means (heard / tead / tealized)'

5 . The words "u)ent a'rorrnd," in line 24mean (avoided / toured I talked about).

s pub a place where British people eat and drink e their impressions of their ideas about; what they think of 10points ideas

| 4 Chapter2 . Mika's Homestay in London

B . True or False?Readthe statementsbelow and check(/) Trueor False. True False | . For her 19thbirthday, Mika asked for a homestay in London.

n

n

2. ShewenttoEnglandwithafriend.

n

n

3. Mikalivedwithahostfamilyfortwomonths.

tr

n

4. Shedecidedto study at Oxford HouseCollege becauseit wasn't expensive.

tr

tr

5. Mika did things in London with the Flannerys' youngest daughter.

n

n

Work with your classmates to correctthe falsestatements.

c. Summarize.Readthe summary,or main points,of Mika3story below and add the missingwords. Summarg For her l9tt birthday, Mika Tanaka'sparents sent her to . While she was there, she lived with a middle. Her host f class British f and , Mr. and Mrs. Flannery were very kind to Mika, felt relaxed with them. The Flannerys taught her a lot and she about British food and they invited her to a p at their house every Saturday.Mika studied E while s she was in London and in class she tried to a lot. D. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. 1. Do you think Mika Tanaka would agree or disagree with the opinionsbelow? Check(/) Agreeor Disagreeunder "Mika." Opinions

Mika Agree Disagree

Me Agree Disagree

a. You should do some research before you travel abroad.

n

n

n

n

b. It's good to live with a host family.

tr

n

n

n . 15

Opinions c. T?avelingabroad is a good way to learn English.

Me Mika Disagree Agree Agree Di'sagree tr

tr

tl

!

Do you agreewith theseopinions?Check (/) Agreeot Disagree under "Me." 2. Mika made several important decisions before she went to London. For each decision, list an advantageand disadvantage. Example:

Mi,ka'sd,ecisi,on:Shedecided'to Liaewi'th a host family that had both a mother andfather. Adaantage: Shewould erperienceLiuing in a tr acli,tional Bri,ti shJami'LE. afamily Disad,aantage: Shewould,not erTteri,ence setting di,ffirentJrom her own i'n Japan-

a. Mika's decision:Shedecidedto go to a school with fewJapanese students. Adaantage: Disad,vantage: b. Mika's decision: She decided to go to London alone. Adaantage:

Disad,uantage:

skitl Understanding words that have more than one meaning Many words in English have more than one meaning.You may know one meaningof a word, but it might not be the correct meaning for the word in that sentence.Use context clues to understand the correct meaning. Example: I run about 10 kilometersa week. A river runs past my house. How many software programs is Your computer running? | 6 Chapter 2 . Mika's Homestag in Lond'on

A. What does the word like mean in thesequestions?Match each word to dictionarydefinition 1, 2, or 3 below. Circleyour answer. l. Do you like potatoes?

L 2 3

2. Who do you lookmore like -yourmotherorfather?

L 2 3

3. Do you feel like you needto sleepright now?

L 2 3

4. Wouldyou like to try a dangeroussport like slqydiving? |

2 3

5. What doesyour best friend like to do?

L 2 3

6. Doyouhaveanoldersisterwhoactslike she'syow mother?

L 2 3

Dictionary definitions . like uerb [Tl (not in the continuous tenses) I to find somebodyor somethingpleasant;to be fond of somebodyor something:He's nice. I Likehim a Lot.The opposite is dislike. 2 to want: Hotn d,oyou like your steak done, s'ir? Would like is amore polite wayto say "want": Would you li,ke to come to lunch on Sundag? I u;ould l;ikesome more cake,please.I'd,Iike to speak to the nxanager. o like prep. 1 similar to somebodyor something:He Lookslike hi,sfather Thei,rcar is like ours. With a coat of paint it uill Iook like netn. 2 showing what is usual or typical for somebody: It was just li,kehi,m to be late.3 in the sameway or manner as somebodyor something:Stop behaai,ngli,kekids. Tltat's not Nght. Do i,t Li.kethi,s.4 for example:They enjoAnxostteanx gctTnes, li,kefootball ond baseball. . like conj. I in the sameway or manner as:She can't draut li,keher sister can. 2 (informal) as i,f: She acts like she'sthe boss.I felt like I utas goi,ngto die. from the Orford American WordpowerDicti,onary Pair work. Now aska partner questionsI to 6 above. A: Do you like potatoes? B: Yes,I Iike potatoes,especiallyfrench fries.

. 1 7

B. MikaTanakausesthe word like three times (lines7, 39, and 40.) What does it mean in each context?Shareideaswith your classmates. f . Inline 7,Iike means 2. In line 39,like means 3. Inline 40,li,kemeans

A. Rewritethese statementswith information about yourself. Use the underlinedwords in your sentences. l. Mika's host father and mother were very kind to her when she lived at their house. Example:

My grand,parentswere aeru ki'nd' to me when I uas a child,.

2. The Flannerys gave Mika a warm welcome when she arrived in London. gaveme a warrn welcome when

3, Mika wanted to study at a school that had reasonable fees.

18 Chapter 2 . Mi,ka'sHomestay in Lond,on

B . Look backat the readingto find the missingword in each phrase below. Recordthe phrasesin the vocabularylog on page | 69. Then usethe phrasesin a sentenceabout yourself. soTneresearch (line 9)

|. d

2. middle-class p

(line 15)

(Iine 7)

3. treated me I 4. tookmyparents'

(Iine 13)

a

(Iine25)

5 . holdap 6 . hauing problems w

(Iine 17)

Focus

We often use becauseor since when we want to give a reason for something. Examples: Mika chose Oxford House College because there weren't many Japanese students there. Mika was happy she chose her host family carefully since some of her friends were having problems with their families.

Choose a reason. Completeeach statementwith a reasonfrom the list on the right. Reasons

Sentence |. Mikawentto London

becauseshe wantedto spendtime with her husband.

2 . Mika decidedto study Englishat Odord House

becausethey lived with the samehomestayfamily.

3 . Mika got to lcnow Nadiege

1

becauseit was her 19th birthday present.

4 . Mika askedEnglishpeople their impressionsof Japan

sincethey treatedher like their daughter.

5 . Mrs.Flannerywentto apub on Safurdayevenings

becauseshewantedto Icrow what foreigners thought.

6 . Mika felt comfortable with Mr. and Mrs. Flannery

sinceit wasn't expensive.

. 1 9

B. Vhat3 your reason?Completethesesentenceswith information about yourself. because

l. I want to travel to Qtlace)

2. I think it's important to study

slnce (sch,oolsubject)

o'clock this morning because

3. Igotupat (number)

Discussion&

iting

A. What woufd your ideal host parentsbe like?Check(/) your answersbelow. Then, add two of your own ideas.

Write 4 to 5 sentencesabout your ideafhost Parents.Then readyour sentencesto a classmate. Example:

Mv idealhost oarente wouJdbefriendly,fheywoald aleo livein a nice neiahborhoodand havelots of oart'iea, Thevwould ,

2O Chapter 2 . Mika's HomestaE i,n Lond'on

B. Group work. What are some good reasonsfor studyingabroad? Think of a way to completeeach sentencebelow. Then compare your ideaswith anothergroup3. Example: It's a goodid,eato study abroad becauseAou ca/ll Iearyt to cook diffirent kinds of food. you can learn to

you can learn about It's a good idea to study abroad because .

you can see you can meet you might become

do (research) get usedto

delicious

have (a party)

middle-class

realize

reasonable

reply select treat {someone)like worry about

. 2 1

Prof. Joseph Jacobson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Necessitg is the mother of inoention.

-Thorstein

Veblen,

U.S. economist and,

CONTENT: Technology for futurebooks READIT{G Previewing

social philosopher (1857-1929)

B

Y

:

Using compound nouns Using comparative forms of adjectives

22 Chapter3 '

TheBook of the Future

A. Pair work. What do you think? Readthesequestionsand check(uu ) Yesor No in Column I under "Our answers." Our answers The writer3 answers Yes No Yes No | . Will people still read books in the year 2050?

n

n

n

tr

2. Wiilbooksbemadeof paper in the future?

n

n

n

tr

3. Will computersreplace books in the future?

tr

n

n

tr

B. Compareanswerswith another parr. A: Wethink peoplewill still read books in the year 2050. B: I Wedo, too. I ReaIIy?We don't think they will. c. Readthe next articleto find the writerSanswersto the questionsin ActivityA. Recordthe writer3answersin the secondcolumn of the chart above.

Passa e rHE BOOI( OF THE FUTURE I

Wil people still read books 100 years from now? A few years ago, many people would have said no. It seemedIikelyr that computersand the Internet would replacebooks. Now; however,most expertszthink that books are here to stay.

5

There are a number of reasons why computers won't replace books entirely.SOne reason is that books on paper are much cheaper than computers.Books don't need a power source4either. You can I

likely

2

expert

3

entirely

I

probable, almost certain a person who lanows a Iot about something completely;altogether

a power source

a battery or something else to provide energy

. 2 3

read a book for as Iong as you want and wherever you want. You never have to worry about losing power. Also, many people feel more 1 0 comforlable reading words in a book than reading words on a computer screen.It's less tiring to the eyes. Will books in the future be similar to the books you can buy today? The answer to that question is no. In the future, you may only need to buy one book. With this one book, you wiII be able to read novels,s l 5 plays, and even today's newspaper.It will look like today's book, but it wiII be electronic.G One of the people working on the book of the future is Professor chnology JosephJacobsonfrom the Massachusetts Institute of in the U.S.ProfessorJacobson'sbook will have a small button on the 20 side. Whenyou press the button, words will instantly appearon the page.Whenyou want to read a different story you can push the button agarnanda new story will quickly appear.T What is the technology behinds Professor Jacobson'sbook? Tlvo important inventionse will make this new kind of book possible: 25 electronic ink and radio paper. Electronic ink - or "e-ink" - is a liquid that can be printed on paper,metal, or anything else.E-ink looks and feels like printed words on paper. Unlike regular ink, however, words in e-ink are not permanent.They can be changedby pushing a button. When you push the button, all of the words on the page go 30 away and new words appeax. is radio paper.This paper looks and The other new developmentlO feels Iike a page in a book. In reality, however, radio paper is made of plastic. ProfessorJacobsoncatls his book of the future "the last book." This 35 book, he says,wilI be the last book you will ever need.

5 novels

fiction; books that teII stories that aren't true 6 electronic controlled by a computer 7 appear becomevisible; come into sight 8 behind making possible; supporting e inventions new things lo new development

new thing

24 Chapter 3 . TheBook of the Future

Understa

the

xt

A. True or False?Readthe statementsand check(/) Trueor False.

l. Electronic books wiII be like the books we have today.

2 . You will be able to read many different stories in one electronic book. 3 . You will be able to get the news in an electronic book.

t r t r

4 . The words in an electronic book will be permanent.

t r n

5 . Radio paper is made of paper.

n t r

work with a partner to correct the falsestatements. B. Vocabulary check. Use context cluesto choosethe correct meaning of the italicizedwords. Circlethe letter of the best answer. | . The words are here to staE in line 4 mean . . . a. axenearby

b. are useless

c. won't disappear

2. The phrase a number o/ in line 5 is similar to the word . . . a. all

b. one

c. many

3. The word,press in line 20 means . . . a. push

b. iron

c. puII

4. The word,instantly tn line 20 is similar to . . . a. very quickly

b. very slowly

c. seriously

5. The word,permanent in line 28 means . . . a. powerful

b. serious

c. unchanging

C. Consider the issues.Work with a Dartnerto answer the questionsbelow l. What are the advantagesand disadvantagesof the e-book? Write these six ideas in the appropriate column of the chart below. Then add one more advantageand disadvantage.

. 2 5

a

' r ' r .

It will be easyto use. Studentswon't need to carry anumber of books to class. We won't need to cut down trees to make the paper. It could stop working. The words aren't permanent.

An e-bookwill need a power source.

2. Complete each sentence with a reason from the list on the right. Reasons

Sentences about e-books a. Blectronic paper will be more expensive than regular paper because .

it will look and feel like a regular book.

b. You will only need one book in the futurebecause...

you wiII own just one book.

c. E-ink is more useful than regular inkbecause...

a

it wiII be made of plastic.

d. People will feel comfortable reading an e-book because . . .

it isn't permanent.

e. You won't need a bookshelftrin the futurebecause...

you will be able to changethe stories in the book.

11 bookshelf

a wood or metal structure where you put many books

26 Chapter 3 . TheBook of the Future

Reading

Skiff

Previewing Pre meansbefore.View meansto look a,f.Before you read something,it's important to look it over, or preview it. When you preview a reading, you do three important things: 1) You identifii the topic. 2) You think about what you already know about the topic. 3) You ask yourself questionsabout the topic. Doing these three things will help you understand a reading better. A. Follow theseinstructionsto identirythe topic of the paragraphbelow. f . Look at the title of the paragraphbelow. (Don't read the paragraph.) Basedon the title only,what do you think the paragraphis about?

E-Books The book of the future will be made with radio paper and electronic ink. Radio paper has a coating of millions of tiny capsules. Inside each capsule, there is a dark liquid and hundreds of white balls. An electrical charge can make the white balls move to the top of the capsule. This makes the "ink" Iook white. An electrical charge can also make the white balls move to the bottom of the capsule. This makes the "ink" Iook black. When the capsules are charged in a pattern, they form letters on the page.

2. Key utords are words that appear several times in a paragraph. In the paragraph above, the key words are underlined. Based on the key words onlv, what do you think the paragraph is about? a. the history of radio paper and electronic ink b. how radio paper and electronic ink work c. how to use an e-book Compare your answer with a partner.

. 2 7

B. Make a KnowAl/ant to Know chart. Answer questions"a" and "b" below KNOW

IryANT TO KNOW

a. What do you already know about the topic of the paragraph?

b. What do you want to know about the topic of the paragraph?

Add two ideas.

Add one question.

Electroni.cink is aLiquid.

What liquid is in electroni,ci,nk? Whut i,s i,n the capsules?

C. Readthe paragraphon page 27 and look for answersto the questionsin the KnowA[/ant to Know chart. Shareyour answers with a partner.

Using compound nouns We often use two nouns together. Sometimesthe two nouns are written as one word. E xample s: fo otball, Ii,fetime, tertb ook, homestay Sometimesthe two nouns are written separately. Examplesz hi,ghschool,bankLoan,conaeniencestore A. Match the nouns that go together.Write the words. (Morethan one answermay be possible.) l. computero

o station

2. news.

.

cells

3. brain o

.

screen

4. radio o

. paper

28 Chapter 3 . The Book of the Future

5. power.

sign

6. street o

family

7. host o

game

8. subway.

source

B. Completethesephraseswith words from the readingselectionon pages23-24. Then recordthe phrasesin your vocabularylog on p a g el 7 O . Qine 4)

l. hereto s

a power source (line 7)

2.

(line 20)

3 . pressthe b

behind (line 23)

4 . the I

(lines 3L-32)

5 . Iooks and feels I

Focus Using comparative forms of adjectives We use the comparative form of an adjective when we compare two things. Form:

cheap + big pretty exPensive # comfortabl€ +

cheaper bigger prettier more expensive more comfortable

Examples: . Books are cheaper than computers. . People feel more eomfortable reading words on a screen.

reading words on paper than

A. What is the comparative form of these adjectives in Chapters I -3?

l. sleepy

5. kind

2. warm

6. famous

3. dangerous

7. serious

4. delicious

8. reasonable

. 2 9

How was the first televisiondifferent from today3 television?Study the photograph below Usethe comparativeforms in the Word Box to write three sentences. rd Box bigger smaller better heavier more convenient more difficult to watch

Example:

Tlte screen of thefirst teleui,si,on usasmuch sma,Ller.

t. 2. 3.

Discussion &.

iting

A. Chooseone item in the box or think of your own inventionor place.Listfive ways you hope it will be differentin the future. cars airplanes

Examples:

universities computers

telephones televisions

libraries movie theaters

I hope cars uill be safer in thefuture. I hope cars u;ill be cleaner.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3O Chapter 3 . TheBook of the Future

B . fnterview. Chooseone of the itemsin ActivityA and interviewa classmate. Example:

A: Do you thi,nk airplanes will disappear completely? B: No, I don't. But I thi,nk theEwiIL be different. A: How wiII they be diffirertt? B: I think they'Il use nuclear pouer.

A: DO YOU THINK -WILL

?

DISAPPEAR COMPLETE

B: Yes,I do.

B: No, I don't. But I think they will be different.

A: What will replace them?

A: How wiII they be different?

B:

B:

compurers

appear

a numberof

experts

replace

cheaper

(the)lnternet

prevrew

electronic

inventions

press

likely

technology

comfortable convenient permanenr similar(to)

. 3 1

How to Bea Successful Businessperson

Chapter

at a FC

Zubatr Kazi, President of Kazi Foods, Inc., restaurant he owns in Sylmar, Califomia

If atft,rst you don't succeed,

C

try, try again.

Building a successfulbusiness

-American

erpression

T

:

Making inferences

B

Y

Making a word form chart Using infinitives

32 Chapter 4 ' How to Be a SuccessfulBusinessperson

:

A. Look quicklyover the articleon pages33-3+ and completethis PreviewingChart.

Title of the article: Names of people and pfacesin the article (Listtwo more.)

Key words {What word appearsseveraltimes? Listthree more.)

ZubairKazi

regtauranl

lndia

B. Basedon your chart,what do you think the story is about? Check(uz)one or more ideasbelow I thi,nk thi,s article is about sonl,eonewho . . . n is successful.

E is from Canada.

E is a businessman.

n owns a restaurant.

Passage H O W T O B E A S U C C E S S F U LB U S I N E S S P E R S O N Have you ever wonderedl why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out2 washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants. Zttbatr Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane. At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane 1 wondered 2 startedout

askedyourself beganhiscareer

. 3 3

10 industry in California. Instead, he ended up workings for a company that rented cars. While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental company, he frequently ate aI a nearby C restaurant. To save money on food,a he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a 1 5 cook's assistant.His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says,"but I always did the best I could."5 One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to comeoto work. That da5r,Mr. Kazi did the work of aII three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the ownersTof the restaurant. A few months later, 20 the owners neededa managerfor a new restaurant. They gavethe job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making aprofit.8 A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was Iosing money. The restaurant was dirby inside and the food was terrible 2 5 greasyeand undercooked. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeledrOthe front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the 30 customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gavethem a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit. A year later Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned,he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. 35 Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees.Before longll these restaurantswere making aprofit, too. Today Mr. Kazi owns 168restaurarts, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mt. Kazi 40 says."The only way it can go is up."12 This arti,cl,ewas odaptedfrom th,eWaIl Street Joumal. 3 he ended up working after much effort, he got a job a to save money on food to spend less money on food 5 did the best I could did the best job I could; worked as hard as I could 6 failed to come didn't come 7 impressed the owners made the owners think well of him 8 making a profrt earning more money than it was spending e greasy with lots of oil; oily 10 remodeled fixed and painted 11 Before long after a short amount of time 12 the only way it can go is up it can only get better

34 Chapter 11 . Hotn to Be a SuccessfulBusi,nessperson

Understan

the

t

A. Sequence of events. Number these events in Mr. Kazi3life from I (the first) to 9 (the last). He sold his first restaurant at a profit. He got ajob as a cook'shelper. a

He bought his 168ftrestaurant. He moved to the United States. He got a job at a car rental company.

1

He Iearnedto fly aplane. He bought his first restaurant. He bought three more restaurants. He becamethe managerof a restaurant.

B. True or False.Readthe statementsbelow and check (uz) Trueor False. True False | . Mr. Kazi moved to the United Statesbecausehe wanted to be a restaurant manager.

t r t r

2. He got a job in a restaurant becausehe wanted to savemoney on food.

tr

3 . His first restaurantjob was as a cook's helper.

n n n t r t r n

4 . Mr. Kazi enjoyed working as a cook's helper. 5 . To buy his first restaurant, Mr.Kazibonowed money from his family.

tr

6 . Mr.Kaziwas married while he owned his first restaurant.

n

n

7 . The first restaurant Mr. Kazi bought was a mess.

n n

n n

8 . Mr. Kazi lost money when he sold his first restaurant. Work with a partner to correctthe falsestatements.

. 3 5

C. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerand follow the instructionsbelow |. Choosean adjective that describesMr. Kazi and complete the sentencebelow

I think Mr. Kazi i,s a

person.

Now tell why you chosethe word. Chooseone or more reasons from the list below or think of your own.

Reportyour ideasto the class. Example:

I think Mr. Kazi i,s a smart person becausehe made a profi,t wi'th his restaurants.

2. Group work. Think of a successful businesspersonand answer the questionsbelow. Don't tell the other groups the name of your person. a. What did this person do? b. How would you describe this person? Example:

This person mad,eone of the bi'g car compani'es profi,table. Wethink he is aery smart.

Readyour answersto the classand let them guessthe person.

36 Chaptvr 4 . How to Be a SuccessfulBusinessTterson

Reading Skill Making inferences An inference is a good guessor conclusion you can make from the facts you have. Examples: Fact Inference --_+ probably restaurants. He's Mr. Kazi owns 168 very busy. He has a lot of employees.

Fact Mr. Kazi wanted a job in the € airplane industry but he took a job with a car rental company.

Inference Mr. Kazi prob ably couldn't find a job in the airplane industry.

A. What inferencescan you makeabout Mr. Kazifrom the information below? Circlethe bestanswer. |. One day Mr. Kazi'stwo co-workers didn't come to work. That day, Mr.Kazi did the work of three people.From this information,you cansaythat. . . a. Mr. Kaziprobably worked very hard that day. b. Mr. Kaziis probably a tall man. c. Mr. Kaziprobably didn't know his co-workers very weII. 2. Mr. Kazi sold his first three restaurants for more money than he paid for them. From this information, you can say that . . . a. Mr. Kaziis agoodbusinessman. b. Mr. Kazi is an honestman. c. Mr. Kazibecame a millionaire when he sold the restaurants. B. What can you infer about Mr Kazifrom each statementbelow? Writeyour ideas. |. Mr. Kazi starLedwith very little money, but he now owns 168 restaurants. You can infer that 2. Mr.Kazihad very little money when he came to the United States.

You can infer that 3. Whenthe owners needed a mzilrager for their new restaurant, they gavethe job to Mr.Kazi. You can infer that

. 3 7

Making a word form chart You can build your vocabulary by learning different forms of a word. For example,when you learn the adjective successful,you can also learn the noun success,the verb succeed,and the adverb successfully.(Not every word has four forms.) In your vocabulary log, make a Word Form Chaxt like the one below. Noun success hope rent impression profit manager

Verb succeed hope rent impress profit manage

A{iective successful hopeful rental impressive profitable managerial

Adverb successfully hopefully impressively profitably

Choosethe correctform of the word in parenthesesto complete eachsentence. | . (succeed/ successful/ successfully) Mr. Kazi is a succeeoful managerof 168restaurants. Mr.Kazi manages168restaurants 2. (rent / rented / rental) For a while, Mr. Kazi worked at a car

company.

For a while, Mr. Kazi worked at a company that

cars.

3. (manager / managed / managerial)

of a KFC restaurant.

Mr.Kazi was the

Mr.Kazi

a KFC restaurant.

4. (impression/ impressed/ impressive) Mr. Kazi'swork

his employers.

Mr. Kazi'swork made arr

on his employers.

5. (profit / profited / profitable) Mr.Kazi made a Mr.Kazi

from the sale of each restaurant. from the sale of each restaurant.

B. Choosesix words from the articlethat you want to remember.Add them to your vocabularylog on page 170. 38 Chapter 4 . Hotn to Be a SuccessfulBusinessperson

Focus Using infinitives Form: (to) + verb to make, to see, to go, to travel You can use an infinitive to: . identifA somethi,ng gou hope, u)urlt, plan, or need, to d,o. Mr. Kazi hoped to become an airplane pilot. He wanted to be a pilot. identify a plan, hope, dream Mr. Kazi's dream was to be an airplane pilot. His plan was to become an airplane pilot. identify a purposefor doi,ng somethi,ng To please customers, Mr. Kazi gave them a free soda. To buy the restaurant, he borrowed money from the bank.

A. Choosea verb from the box to completeeach sentence. to buy to come

to fly to find

to please to save

to give to improve

l . WhenMr.Kazi was 16.he learned

an airplane.

2 . When he came to the United States,he hoped

ajob in

the airline industry. 3.

money on food, Mr.Kazi got a job at a restaurant.

4 . One day his co-workers failed

to work.

5 . The owners of the restaurant decided manager'sjob. 6.

Mr. Kazi the

their first restaurant,Mr. Kazi and his wife remodeled the front of the building and made the food better.

7 . Mr.Kazi tried hard 8 . Mr.Kazi is planning

the customers in his restaurant. more restaurants.

. 3 9

B. Choosea verb from the box to completeeach question.(Morethan one answermay be possible.) to do to eat

to fly to live

to ski to travel

to study to make

this evening?

t . What do you plan 2 . How are you planning

to Bali?

3 . Where can you Iearn 4 . Have you ever tried 5 . Wherewould you like 6 . What do you hope

someday?

7 . When do you want

for the test?

8 . What are you planning 9 . Have you ever forgotten t 0 . Wheredo you hope

for dinner? for a test? someday?

Ask a partneryour questions.

Discussion &

iting

a group of employees.What A. Group work. A managersupervises do you think a good manageris like?Check(/l your answers below Then add one or more of your own ideas'

n

T

be honest

I

n

be hardworking

n

T

be kind

T

n

makea profit

I

I

be able to makedifficultdecisions

!

n

communicatewell

40 Chapter 4 . Hou.tto Be a SuccessfulBusinessTterson

n n n n n n

!

tr n n n n

write well treat the employeeswell reducestressin the workplace listento others understandnew technologies hold partiesfor the employees

Shareideaswith the other groups in your class. Example: Wethink it's i,mportantfor a nxanager to be honest. B. Would you be a good manager?Completeone of the sentences below with informationabout yourself. I think I would be a good managerbecause

I don't think I would be a good managerbecause

Shareyour ideaswith a partner. C. Pair work. Mr Kazitried hard to pleasehis customers.What are someways to pleasecustomersin each situationbelow?Add two ideasto each list.

give away free sodas

have good sales

provide good service

. 4 1

42 Chapter 4 . Hotn to Be a SuccessfulBusi,nessperson

"Why can't he und,erstandme?"

"What is he trying to say?"

Problems are nxessages.

C

T

:

Communicatingin a foreign language -Shakti Gawain, American author

(1e+8-)

Scanning Understandingprefixes Connecting ideas wilh and, but, andhoweuer

.+3

A. Look quicklyover the story on pages44-46 and completethe PreviewingChart below.

Title of the article: Names of peopfe and pfacesin the article (Listthree more.)

Key words (What word appearsseveraltimes? Listthree more.)

Japan

Enqlieh

B. Look at the pictureon page 43. What do you think the story is about? Check(uu ) one or more ideas. Example:

I think thi,s storg i,s about sonl,eoneu;ha . . .

tr is living in a foreign country.

n owns a business.

n is lost.

n is havingtrouble communicating.

tr isangry.

n hasaproblem.

Now read the story and checkyour guesses.

Passage TONIC WATER.I PLEASE L

5

TetsuyaSaruhashi,greu up in Tokyo,Japan. He u:orked and stud,ied,for a Aear in Toronto, Canada. This story is basedon two of Tetsuya'serperLencesthere. How weII do you speak English? Could you survive in an Englishspeaking country? Last year I went to live and study in Canada. Before going, I took several English conversation classes. I also I tonic water

a flavored water often used in alcoholic drinks

44 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water,Please

Iistened to a lot of English conversation tapes and I practiced speaking English with some foreign friends in my country. But could I communicate with people in Canada?

10

During my first months in Canada, I didn't have a lot of trouble understanding people. This was a happy surprise. UnfortunatelSz, however, Canadians couldn't always understand me. This was because of my pronunciation. My biggest pronunciation

problems were with the "v" sound and

1 5 the "1" sound. For example, when I said the word uote, Ttsounded like bote. And when I said the word late, rI sounded llke rate. One day I decided to look for some volunteer work. I went to the tourist center in Toronto to ask for information about volunteering. "Can I help you?" the woman at the tourist center asked.

20

"Yes, I'm looking for some volunteer work," I replied. Unfortunately, I pronounced the word "volunteer" like "borunteer." "I'm sorry," she said, uWhat are you looking for?" "Volunteer work," I answered, saying "borunteer" again. She looked at me strangely and then she called to a man behind the counter.

25

"Can I help you?" the man asked. "Yes, I'm looking for some volunteer work," I repeated. "Could you write that for me?" he asked. I wrote the words down and he immediately understood me. After that, I spent a lot of time practicing the'u sound and the I sound.

30

I had trouble pronouncing a few other English sounds, too. I remember a funny experience I had at a night club. I wanted to get something to drink, so I went up to the bartender. "Excuse me, tonic water, please," I said. "What?" the bartender asked.

35

I asked, "Can I have a tonic water?" "Say it again," he responded.

40

I was kind of2 disappointed that he couldn't understand me. I repeated my request several times, but still he couldn't understand me. Then, suddenly, he opened the cash register3 and took out some quarters.a He put the quarters on the bar and began to count them. At first, I didn't know what he was doing. Then, suddenly, I 2 kind of (informal) a little 3 cash register a special machine where money is kept in a store or restaurant a quarters Canadian and U.S. coins worth twenty-five cents

. 4 5

understood. I asked for tonic water, but he thought I asked for "twenty quarters"! 45

I burst into laughtersand said, "No, I didn't ask for twenty quarters. just I want tonic water." "I'm so son1z,"he said to me. The barbenderseemedembarrassed.G music is loud." "The so Now, whenevei I ask for tonic water, I remember this incident and I Iook forward to the bartender'sresponse.

Understa

the

xt

A. True or False?Readthe statementsbelow and check (uz)True or False.Then write the number of the linesin the story that helped you. The first one is done for you. Lines # 1

t . TetsuyaSaruhashiis fromJapan. 2 . He studied English before he traveled to Canada.

3 . He lived for a year in Canada. 4 . He couldn't understandEnglish speakerswhen they talked to him. 5 . SomeCanadianscouldn't understand Tetsuyawhen he spoke English.

t r t r

6 . Tetsuyahad trouble pronouncing words with the "v" sound.

n t r

7. When the man at the tourist center couldn't understand him, Tetsuya spokeinJapanese.

T

8. Tetsuyaasked the bartender at the night club for money. work with a partner to correctthe falsestatements. 5 burst into laughter laughedvery quickly and loudly 6 embarrassed ashamedor uncomfortable

4 6 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water, Please

N

B. Summarize.Readthis summaryand add the missingwords.

TetsuyaSaruhashiis from

, but he lived and studied

in Canada for a year. Before he went to Canada, he spent a lot

of time studying E

. That's why he was able to

people when he got to Canada. Unfortunately, however, many Canadians c

understand Tetsuya.

This was because he had trouble p

some sounds

in English. One time at a night club, Tetsuya ordered

, but the bartender thought he wanted . Tetsuya ! when he realized what the problem was.

c. Consider the issues.Follow the instructionsbelow. |. Rewrite one of the conversationsin the story. Then read the conversationwith one or more classmates.

Conversation #I

touristcenter

Tetsuya femaleemployee male employee

#2 Conversation

night club

Tetsuya bartender

Example: Conuersation#I Woman: Can I help you? Tetsuya: Yes,I'm looking for some "borunteer"work. Woman: I'm sorr5r.What. . . 2. Pair work. What can you say when you don't understandsomeone? Onepersonreadsa questionfrom Box A. The other personresponds with a phrase from Box B. Then follow the example to finish the conversation. Practice both the formal and informal forms Example: A: B: A: B:

Wherei,s Tetsuyafrom? Ercuse me? Whereis Tetsuyafrom? Japan. He'sfrom Japan.

. 4 7

Box A . Where is Tetsuyafrom? o What is tonic water? . Where is Toronto? . Do you Ilkepizza? . Haveyoueverdone volunteer work?

Box B Formal Excuseme? Could you repeat that? Could you say that again? Could you write that for me? Infomnal Sayit again. What? What did you say?

3. What pronunciation problems do foreigners have when they speak your language? Think of one or more examples.

Examples: Foreigners someti,messay

instead of

Someforeigners can't pronounce the sound

Reading skitl Scanning When you need to find specific information in a text, you don't have to read every word. Instead, you can move your eyesquickly over the text to find the information. This is called scanning. A. Scanning. Readthe questionsbelow Then scan (don't readl the following paragraphto find the answers.

I . What city is this paragraphabout? 2. What is the populationof the city? 3. ls thereinformationabout the food in this country?

YES

NO

YES

NO

4. ls there informationabout the schoolsin this country?

48 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water,Please

Ta,ipei Taipei is a lively and expensive city, and it lets you know it. About 6,000,000people live in and around the capital of Taiwan and it is a hotbed of renao, or liveliness. Apartments are almost impossible to buy in Taipei and the government is encouraging businesses to locate in other parts of the country. Taipei may not be a relaxing place but the food is excellent, the people are friendly, and there are some wonderful things to see, like the Grand Hotel. B. Making inferences. What inferences can you make from statements below? Circle the letter of your answers. Example:

"Apartments are almost i,mpossible to bug in Taipei and the goDerylnxent i,s encouraging businesses to locate in other parts of the co?.Lntry." @ It's easier to buy an apartment outside of Taipei. b. There aren't many apartments in Taipei. c. There aren't many people in Taipei.

l. "During Tetsuya's first months in Canada, he didn't have a lot of trouble understanding people. This was a happy surprise for him." a. Tetsuya expected to have trouble understanding people in Canada. b. Tetsuya didn't expect to have trouble understanding people in Canada. c. After a few months, Tetsuya had trouble understanding Canadians. 2. "One day I decided to look for some volunteer work." a. He needed some money. b. He is very rich. c. He could afford to work for free.

" 4 9

3. "Excuseme, tonic water,please,"Tetsuyasaid. uWhat?"the bartenderasked. "Can I have a tonic water?" Tetsuyaasked again. "Sayit again,"he responded. a. The bartender was angry. b. The bartender didn't have any tonic water. c. The bartender couldn't understandTetsuva.

Understanding Prefixes You can add the prefix mi,s- to the beginning of certain words. This adds the meaningincoryectly or badly. For example,the w or d misTtronouncemeans to pronounce (something) incorrectly. Here a.resome other words to which you can add the prefixmi,s-: count inform mzrnage pronounce --+ read spell understand +

miscount misinform mismanage mispronounce misread misspell misunderstand

A. Choosea verb from the box above to completeeach sentence.Use the correctform of the verb. |. I couldn't understand him because he wordaolunteer.

2.r

the

the directions and got lost.

3. If you message.

my name, I won't get your email

4. Readthe instructions carefully so that you don't them. 5. The people at the tourist center told me the bus left at nine. but it left at ten.

6. The new owners lot of money. 50 Chapter 5 . Toni,cWater,Please

me. They

the company and it lost a

7.1 my money.I thought I had ten Canadian dollars but I only had nine. 8 . John me. I asked him to buy eight cans of tonic water, but he bought eighteen.

9.r

the train schedule.I thought it Ieft at three o'clock, but it left at eight o'clock.

B. Choosesix words from the reading that you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 17| .

Focus

We use the word andto connect ideas that are similar. " I understand most people, and they understand me. We use the words but andhoweuer to connect ideas that are different in some way. Howeuer tsually comes after a semicolon. e I understand most people, but they don't understand me. . I didn't have trouble understanding people; however, they had trouble understanding me.

A. Completeeach pair of sentenceswith and, but, or however. l. a. I have many Canadianfriends; English together. We speak French.

, we never speak

b. I have many Canadianfriends, speakingEnglish with them. 2. a. I asked for information, b. I asked for information,

I often practice

she was able to help me. she couldn't help me.

3. a. I like to listen to Englishtapes; speakingEnglish with foreigners here. b. I like to listen to English tapes, speakingEnglish with foreigners here.

I rarely practice I often practice

. 5l

B. What happened?Readeach conversationand completethe summarystatement.Useand, but, or however. |.

Tina: Would you Iike some coffee? Tetsuya: I'm sorr5'.What did you say? Summary statement: Tina offered Tetsuyasome coffee, he didn't understand her.

2. Tetsuya: Do you want to go for coffee? Tina: Sure,I'd love to. Summary statement: Tetsuyainvited Tina to go for coffee, she said she'd love to.

3. Tina: Is Tetsuyathere? Ken: No, I'm sorry he'snot. Can I take a message? Summatg statement: Tina called Tetsuyaon the telephone; . he wasn't there.

Discussion &

iting

A. Do you think its easyor difficultto do thesethings in a foreign country?Check(/) your answers.Then shareyour work with Add two ideasof your own. classmates.

tr n n T

n tr n n n

n n n n n n n

to meet people to make new friends to understandpeoPle to communicatemy ideas to order food in a restaurant to learnto use the subway to answerquestionsabout my country

I I

52 Chapter5 . Tonic Water, Please

B. Think of an experienceyou had talking to someonefrom another country and answerthe questionsbelow. l. Wherewere you? 2. What did you talk about? 3. Did you have any communication problems? 4. How did you solvetheseproblems? Now write a short descriptionof your experience. Example:

Onelime a foreiqneretoryed me on the street, 1he wg q,lo,o^!r, 474 sh e-Wan! ed difeq.tie ns. Her pro nunaiat io n pretty qood, so I lhouaht ehe could opeakmy was lanquaqe.WhenI qaveher the direatione,however, ohe didn't understand me al all._l with her _end_e*d !_py.ualkinq to her deglination

expeflence

communicate

disappointed

strangely

response

have (trouble)

embarrassed

unfortunately

volunteerwork

pronounce respond volunteers practice

. 5 3

CeflPhones:

Chapter

HangUp or KeepTalking?

Studentsoutside a dormitory at SalemState College, Salem. Massachusetts, USA

Look before you leap.l

C -English

erpression

T

:

The dangersof cell phone use Understandingthe difference behveen facts and opinions

B

Y

:

Expressing certainty and uncertainty Understandingwhat pronouns refer to I leap

jump

54 Cltapter 6 , CeLlPhones: Ho,ttg Up or Keep Talki,ng?

A. Scanthe articleon pages 55-56 and completethe Previewing Chart below.

Title of the article: Names of professionsand places in the article (Listthree more.)

Key words (What word appearsseveraltimes?

health orofessionale

worried

Listthree more.)

B . Basedon the chart above,what do you think the articleis about? Check{uz)one or more ideas. Example:

tr n tr

n n

I thi,nk this article is about .

communication problems the possible dangersof cell phones why peopleuse cell phones the future of cell phones

Passage CEIL PHONES: HANG UP2 OR KEEP TALI(ING? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually consideredunusual not to use one. In many countries,cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phonesshowsthat they are coolaand connected. 2 hang up turn the telephone off 3 mobile phone cell phone a cool doing things that are popular

. 5 5

The explosions around the world in mobile phone use6 has some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problemsz from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about 1 0 this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proofs that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs 1 5 of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detectede with modern scanning equipment.l0 In one case, a traveling salesman had to retiretr at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks.lz He would often forget the narne of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for 20 about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use,13but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

25

30

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-techla machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often. 5 explosion suddenincrease 6 mobile phone use the number of people using mobile phones 7 suffer health problems (from) have health problems caused by 8 there is no proof (that) evidence that e detected seen; found

there are no facts to show that; there is no

10 modern scanning equipment inside the body 11 retire stop working

new medical machines showing things

12 tasks

jobs; things to do 13 blamed his mobile phone use said that using his mobile phone caused the problem Ia high-tech advancedtechnology

5 6 Chapter 6 . CeLlPhones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?

the

xt

Multipfe choice. For each item below circlethe bestanswer. l. This article is about a. the possible dangersof mobile phone use b. why mobile phones are popular c. how mobile phones work 2. The writer's purpose in writing this article was to a. convince people that ceII phones may be dangerous b. convince people that cell phones are dangerous c. convince people to buy ceII phones

3 . Paragraph4 (lines 23-27) is about a. the increasein mobile phone use b. what makes mobile phones potentially dangerous c. how to avoid the possible dangersof mobile phones 4 . Another word for means in line 4 is -. a. unkind b. method c. expression 5 . In line 23, lhe word potentially means a. cerbainly b. possibly c. privately 6 . You can infer from the information in paragraph2 (Iines 6-12) that mobile phone companies a. know that cell phones are dangerousto your health b. have proof that ceII phones are not dangerousto your health c. axeafraid that information about cell phone health problems will hurt their business

. 5 7

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questions below. l. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ceII phones? Write each sentence from the box below under "Advantages" or "Disadvantages." Then add one more of your own.

r They are easyto carry. r Theyare small. o Theysometimesring during concertsand movies. I They are expensive. r lt3 easyto losethem. o You can talk on the phone anywhere. o Cellphone usershave more car accidents.

T h e ya r e e a o y t , o c a r r y .

2. Pair work. Write five sentencescomparing mobile phones with regularphones.Use the adjectivesin the box. Comparative Forms of Adjectives more convenlent cheaper more popular smaller more comforbable safer easier to lose Example:

Regular phones are cheaper than mobile phones.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 58 Chapter 6 . CelIPhones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?

adi

skifl

Understanding the difference between facts and opinions Whenyou read, it's imporbantto know the difference between facts and opinions. A fact is somethingyou know is true. With a fact, there is information to show it is true. An opinion is somethingyou think is true. An opinion is basedon feelings,not facts. Fact: Mobile phones send out small amounts of radiation. Opinion: Using a mobile phone makesyou look cool. Fact or Opinion? Readthe statementsand check (u/)Factor Opinion. Fact Opinion |. Millions of peopleuse mobile phonestoday.

n

2. In the future, many people may suffer health problemsfrom the use of ceIIphones.

t

3. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones.

n

n

4. The amount of radiation from cell phones is very small.

n

n

5. CeIIphonesaren't dangerousbecausethe amount of radiation from them is very small.

n

n

6. There are more cell phone userstoday than in 1995.

n

n

7. ManyAsian students study in England and the United Statesevery year.

n

tr

8. In the future people won't read as many books as they do today.

n

n

9. Mr. Kazi is a successfulbusinessperson.

n t r n t r

| 0. There is a hotel called the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan.

n r

n

Compareyour answerswith a partner.

. 5 9

cabufary Expressing certainty and uncertainty Writers use different expressionsto tell if they are certain or uncertain about something. Examples: Uncertain: It appears that it's dangerousto use cell phones. Certain: It's a fact that mobile phones give out some radiation. Certain I'm certain that It's a fact that I'm positive that It's certain that I'm sure that It's true that Studiesshow that I lmow that

Uncertain It appearsthat It seemsthat It's possiblethat I think that The researchindicatesthat

A. Completeeach sentencewith a phrasefrom the box above. More than one answeris possible.

t.

mobile phones cause cancer.

2.

the sun causes cancer.

3.

there has been an explosion in mobile phone use. mobile phones wiII become

4. more popular in the future.

Iarge amounts of radiation

5. are dangerous.

B. Pair work. For each topic below, completethe sentences.(Many differentanswersare possible.) l. Topic: cellphones a. It's possible that

ceLIphones are danqerous to uour health.

b. It's a fact that

2 . Topic: studying abroad a. It seemsthat b. I'm certain that 3. Topic:sleep a. It's possiblethat b. Studiesshow that 60 Chapter 6 . CeLIPhones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?

4. Topic:books a. I think that b. It's afactthat

C. Choosesixwords from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 171.

Focus Understanding what pronouns refer to We often use a pronoun instead of repeating the name of a person, place, or thing. When you read, it's imporbantto know what a pronoun refers to. In the example below, the pronoun they refers to "young people in many parts of the world." Example: In many parts of the world, mobile phones axevery popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a cell phone shows that they are cool and connected. A. Readthesesentences.Then write what each underlinedpronoun refersto. l. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but thev say the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.

In tluis sentence,the pronoun "they" refers to 2. There have been some concerns about long-term use of a mobile phone and the effect it might have on the human body.

In this sentence,thepronoun "'tt" refers to 3. Some health professionals are worried about the explosion in mobile phone use. The]' are concerned that people may suffer health problems in the future.

In this sentence,the pronoun "they" refers to 4. Radiation is potentially harmful and high-tech machines can detect small amounts of it coming from mobile phones.

In thi,ssentence,the pronourl "i,t" refers to 5. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label attached that says they are bad for your health.

In this sentence,thepronoun "they" refers to . 6 1

B. Rewriteeach sentence.Replacethe underlinedwords with a pronoun. l. A Danish study of cell phone users did not prove that cell phone users axemore likely to get cancer. A Dani,sh stud,uof cell phone users d,id not proDethat theu are more likelu to get cancer. 2. The radiation in laboratory tests may not have penetratedthe cells as radiation would penetrate the brain in real life.

3. Scientists are eagerly awaiting the results of a very large study of cell phone users in Europe. Unfortunately, the study won't be availablefor severalmore vears.

4. Many of my Japanese classmates didn't use their English very much even though many of my Japanese classmates had large vocabularies.

5. A few yeaxs ago, it seemed likely that computers would replace books. Now, however, most experts think books are here to stay.

6. Mr. Kazi'sjob was to clean the kitchen. "I didn't Iike the job," Mr. Kazi says,"but I always did the best I could."

62 Chapter 6 . CelIPhones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Discussion &

iting

A. What looks"cool"to you? Check(/) your answers.

n n n n n n n n n n

I

talkingon a cellphone wearing high-heeledshoes

T I T

wearing lots ofjewelry wearing boots

I

wearing headphones

I

smokingcigarettes

T T I

driving a sportscar tattoos noseflngs

I

B. Pair work. One personidentifiessomethingthat lookscool. The other personagreesor disagrees. Example: A: I think talki,ngon a ceIIphone lookscool. B: Interesting. I think ueari,ng a lot of jewehy lookscool. A: So do I. And I think . . .

(Agree) B: So do L And I think

(Disagree) B: Interesting. I think

. 6 3

c. Pair work.

The writer of the articleon pages 55-56 suggeststhat people use cell phonessensiblyor wisely.Write a listof "dos"and "don'ts"for using a cell phone wisely.

a

apeak eoftlv

a a

a a

Compareyour listswith another pair of students.

amounI

agree

concerned

softly

danger

blame

convenient

wisely

health

retire

harmful

potentially

radiation

suffer

popular

use

use

unusual

means

wtse cool

64 Chapter 6 . CelIPhones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Seeing is belieaing.

-Engtish enpression

A ghost story

Summarizing Learning synonyms Using must haue + past palticiple

" 6 5

A. Scanthe story on pages67-68 and completethe chart below.

Title of the article: Names of people and places in the articfe (Listthree more.)

Key words (What word appearsseveraltimes? Listthree more.)

Florida

I think this story is about:

B. Severalstrangethings happen in the story on pages67-68. Read the story and take notes in the chart below.

Flight 40 I crashed

in the Everglades

o n D e c e m b e1 r 2,1972

in the first-classsectionof

in March 1973

an EasternAirlinesplane in the staff room at John E

in March 1973

Kennedyairport in the first-classsectionof an EasternAirlinesplane

66 Chapter 7 . The GhostPilot

in April 1973

THE GHOSTI

PITOT

Just before midnight on December L2,1972, Eastern Airlines Flight 401 fell out of the sky.2 The airplane crashed in the Everglades area of Florida. Of the 176 people on board,3 99 died, including the airplane's pilot, Bob Loft, and the flight engineer, Don Repo.

10

About three months after the crash, a high-ranking executivea of Eastern Airlines boarded an aircraft for Miami, Florida. He spotted a man in a pilot's uniform sitting alone in the first-class seetion and went to sit down beside him. The executive struck up a conversations with the captain. Afber a few minutes he realized that he was talking to the pilot Bob Loft. Then the pilot faded away.6 A week later, an Eastern Airlines pilot and two of his crew went into a sta"ff roomT at John R Kennedy Airport, in New York. They all saw Bob Loft in a chair. He talked to them for a while, then vanished. The men were so shockeds that the airline had to cancele their flight.

15

Three weeks Iater, apassenger was sitting in the first-class section of a flight to Miami. She was worried about the man in an Eastern Airlines uniform sitting next to her. His face was white and he looked ill, so she called the fli t attendant. The flight attendant leaned down to speak to the man but he

20 ignored her.10 Then, as she touched his arm, he slowly faded away, Ieaving only an empty seat. When the plane landed in Miami, the passenger was taken to a hospital in a state of shock. Lateg when she saw photographs, she identified the ghost as flight engineer Don Repo.

25

Over the next few months, more than ten flight attendants claimed to see Don Repo. The ghost seemed to appear more often on some

I

2 3

ghost

the spirit of a dead person fell out ofthe sky felltothe ground; crashed on board on the airplane

4

a high-ranking

executive

5

struck up a conversation

6

faded away

7

staff room

8

shocked

9

cancel

t0

an important person in the company started a conversation

slowly disappeared a room for workers, but not customers

very surprised stop

ignored her

pretended she wasn't there

. 6 7

aircraftrl than on others. Rumors began to spreadlzthat he appeared only on planes with replacementparts from the crashedFlight 401.It was usual practice for an airline to use undamaged parts from a 30 crashedplane in another plane if they passedstrictls s ty tests. The stories must have worried the bossesof Eastern Airlines. They ordered their engineers to remove from their planes all equipment from the 401wreck.ta It seemedto work. When atl of the parls from Flight 401 had been 35 removed, Bob Loft and Don Repo left Eastern Airlines and their urcraft, in peace.l5No one has seentheir ghostssince.

Understanding the

t

A. True or False?Readthe statementsand check (/) Trueor False. True False l . Don Repo and Bob Loft died in an airplane crash.

n

2 . We don't know why Flight 401 crashed.

n n t r n

3 . The ghost of Don Repo appearedon all Eastern Airlines flights.

n

4 . More than one person saw the ghost of Bob Lofb.

n

n

5 . AII of the people who saw the ghost of Don Repo and Bob Loft were airline employees.

tr

tr

6 . The word spotted,in line 6 means talked to.

!

tr

7 . The word uanished,in line 13means d'i,sappeared.

n

!

8 . You can infer that Flight 401 was probably using undamagedparbsfrom another aircraft.

tr

tr

work with a partnerto correctthe falsestatements.

1r aircraft airplanes 12rumors began to spread people started saylng 13strict difficult and demanding la the 401 wreck the crashedplane (Flight 401) 15left the aircrafrt in peace didn't bother the aircraft again

6 8 Chapter 7 . The Ghost Pilot

Readthissummary of "TheGhostPilot"and add the B. Summarize. missing words. Summary The GhostPilot is a story aboutsomestrangethingsthat happenedafter Flight 401 c

in 1972.Severalmonths

after the accident, a number of people saw Bob Loft and Don Repo, the pilot and flight engineer of Flight 401 who d

in the crash. For example, an airline executive saw Bob Loft in the of an airplane. An airplane pilot saw Bob first-class s . Somepeoplethought the two Loft in an airport s ghosts appeared only on flights with 1

parts from the

the crashedFlight 401.After the engineersI replacementparts, Bob Loft and Don Repostoppedappearing.

C. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. | . Which parts of the story seempossibleto you? Which parts don't seempossible?Add two more ideasto the chart below.

a . t h e e x e c u L i voef E a e t e r n

a . l h e p i l o l f a d e d a w a y w h i l el h e

e x e c u L i vwe a et , a l k i n at o h i m ,

A i r l i n e eh a d a c o n v e r s a l i o n with a piloL.

b.

b.

2 . According to the story airlines can use undamaged parts from a crashed plane. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of doing this? One advantage is that One disadvantage is that

. 6 9

3. The quotation on page 65 reads "Seeingis believing." What does this mean?How does it relate to the story?

Readi

skitl

Sumrnarizing When you summarize,you retell the most imporbantinformation in your own words. Summarizingsomething you read can help you remember information. Summary ofparagraph #1, page 67: Eastev'nAirlines F'light 401 crashed in I'lori,da i,n 1972. More than half oJ the people on theflight di,ed. A. Completethesesummaries.(Morethan one answermay be possible.) | . Summaryof paragraph#2 (Iines 5-10): erecutiue A few months after the accident, an airline was traveling in an airplane to After talking to another passengerfor awhile, he realized . Then the person the person was

2. Summaryof paragraph#3 (lines 11-14): Three airline employeesthought they talked to Bob Loft in . They were so upset, the an airport their flight. airlines had to 3. Summaryof paragraphs#4 to #6 (Iines 15-24). One passengerwas worried becausethe man next to her looked . Then, when a flight attendant touched the man. he

identified the man as

7O ChapterT . TheGhostPi,Iot

. The passengerlater

cabulary Learning synonyms S5monymsare words that are similar in meaning.Theverbs leaae and,d,eparta"resJmonyms.So are the verbs order and demand. Good writers often use synonymsto avoid repeating a word in a paragraph or story. In the story on pages 67-68,the writer used the synonyms/o ded autay and aanished. A. Threeof the words in each group are synonyms.Crossout the word that is not a synonym. Example:

sick

+WeV

untnell

ill

l. feel notice see spot 2. disappear fade away shock vanish 3. concerned unexpected troubled worried 4. ask answer respond reply 5. claimed said stated repeated 6. regular normal 7. depart join

serious usual

leave take off

8. dangerous harmful 9. fail

unsafe convenient

dream hope plan

Compareyour answerswith a partnen B. Pair work. Look backat the readingto find synonymsfor thesewords. | . In line 7, find a synonyrn for area. 2. In line 10, find a synonym for d,isappeared,.

3. In line 12,find a synonym for spotted,. 4. In line 17,find a synonym for seemed. 5. In line 22,find a synonyrn for arriued. 6. In line 29, find a synonym for common. 7. In line 31, find a synonym for erecutiues. c. choose sixwords from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 172.

. 7l

Focus + Past ParticiPle Using We often usemust h'aue+ past participle to make a conclusion about something that happenedin the past. Example: The stories must haue worri,ed,the bossesof EasternAirlines. They ordered their engineersto remove equipmentfrom the 401wreck. A. Circlethe word that best completeseach sentence. L The flight attendant must have been (shocked/happy)when she touched the man's arm and he disappeared. 2. The pilot must have felt (okay/sick) if he wasn't able to fly the airplane. 3. The woman must have looked at the man (carefully/quickly) becauseshe was able to identify him Iater from a photograph' 4. If they used a part from Flight 401 on another aircraft, the parb must have (failed/passed)the safety test. B . Matchan item from ColumnA with one from ColumnB to complete each sentence.

must have gone away.

| . If they took her to the hospital, she

must have studied.

2. If she couldn't sleep all night, she

must have turned it off' must not have gone to the supermarket.

3. If there isn't any food in the house, he

must have lost Your number.

4 . If the door is

must have felt tired the next day.

locked, they

5 . If he did well on

must have borrowed money from the bank.

the test, he 6. If you can't hear the radio, she

1

must have been reaIIYsick.

7. If they didn't call, theY 8. Ifheboughtacat,he

Compareanswerswith your classmates' 72 ChapterT '

TheGhostPilot

Discussion & A. Think of an accidentthat you have heard or read about. Write aboutyour memoriesof the accidentin the chartbelow Usethe questionwords to organizeyour story.

Who Who was in the accident?

tr)Uhere Where did the accident happen?

When When did the accidenthappenT

What What caused the accident? What happened?

about the accident. Useyour chart to tell your classmates

. 7 3

B . Group work. Follow the stepsbelow to play the game Two Truths and One Lie. Step 1: Write two true things and one untrue thing about yourself.

Examples:

Hint:

I have never eaten a hamburger. I broke my leg five yearsago. I think sailingis a lot of fun. to Makeit difficultfor your classmates guessthe untrue sentence.

Step 2: Read the three statements to your classmates.Ask them to identify the false statement.

. I think its true that . . . . lts hard to believethat r I can't believe that . .

c. Ghoststoriesare popular in many countries.Eventhough these storiesare about very strangethings, many people believethem. Why do you think people believeghost stories? I think people belieueghost stories because. . .

empty

aircraft flight attendant

die

itl

passenger

rgnore

shocked

pilot

land

strict

remove

usual

spor vanish

74 ChapterT . TheGluostPilot

Mariko Asano, a Habitat for Humanity volunteer, helps build a house in the Philippines.

When one helps another, both gain in strength.

-S outh Americ an prouerb

C

T

:

Volunteering Identifying the topic and main idea Using prefixes: ?.titl-,'i,nl,-,in-, ir-

Understandinggerunds

. 7 5

Readthesedictionarydefinitionsand answerthe questionsbelow. volunteer noun a person who offers or agreesto do something without being forced or paid to do it: He doesa lot of uolunteer work at the hospital. volunteer aerb to offer to do something which you do not have to do or for which you will not be pard:She uolunteeredfor the school'ssocial committee. A. Think of somethingyou volunteeredto do for a friend, family membet or organization.Who did you help?What did you do? B. Think of two more volunteerorganizationsand completethe chart.

to help peopleafter disasters

l. The InternationalRedCross 2. 3.

C. Readthe introductionto the articleon page 76-77. Add information about the volunteerorganizationHabitatfor Humanityto the chart above.What do you think the readingwill be about?

HELPING OTHERS by MarikoAsano Introduction Habitat for Humanity Intervmti,onal-or Habitat-is a people nonprofit organi,zation that helps in needr build houses. Si,nce 1976, uolunteers for Habitat haae bui,Lt more than 100,000 houses u;orldwi,de.According to Habitat, houteuer, thereare still more than 1.5 billion peoplein the utorld without 1 in need

who need help

76 ChapterS . Helping Others

d,ecenthousing.zIn the article belou, Mari,ko Asano talks about her erperience as a Habitat aolunteer. She has traueled to the Philippines three ti,mes to help bui,Ld,housesfor people uho need them. I am 24 yeaxsold and I grew up in Nishinomiya, Japan. Several years ago, I went to Negros Island in the Philippines as a Habitat volunteer. This was the first of three trips I have taken to the Philippines as a volunteer. For me, the idea of building somebody's house abroad was very exciting. The next year I returned to Negros Island as a Habitat volunteer. This time I went as a student leader with 28 classmatesfrom Kyoto University of Foreign Studies. Both the staff3 and the families on Negros Island became dear friends of the work team I led.aMeeting these people was wonderful 1 0 for each of us. Their lifestyle reminded us of the meaning and value of life. The people also helped us appreciatethe more valuable things in life, such as spending time with your family, friends and neighbors; developing close relationships; helping each other; and appreciatings what you do have. These things are sometimes forgotten in an 1 5 affluent country6like Japan. We thought we czilneto the Philippines to help the Filipino people, but they helped us to see something valuable. They generously offered their food, space, and hearts7 in a way we were not accustomedto. (Would you give up your bed for a stranger and sleep 20 on the cement floor at your own house?) When I took my third trip to the Philippines as a Habitat volunteer, I was assignedto8a housewith young people from around the world. In my group, there were Filipinos, Americans, Indians, Koreans, and Japanese.We worked together to complete a house for a family we 25 met on the site.eOn the last day, all of us stood inside a room we had built in just a week, feelinga senseof fulfillment.l0Even now we keep housing of an acceptable standard; livable housing

decent housing staff

employees

the work team I led appreciating an affluent

group of workers I was responsible for

beingthankful country

for

a wealthy country

offered their food, space, and hearts and kindness 8

was assigned to

I

on the site

10

gave us food, a place to stay,

was sent to work in; was given a job in

at the place (where they built the house)

a sense of fulfillment

a feeling of accomplishment

. 7 V

30

in touch acrossthe world. Someof us are actively involved in Habitat in different countries. Habitat brings people together and helps us realize that people all over the world care about each other. Habitat sends the very important messagethat we can all be friends. Being involved with Habitat for Humanity has changed my life. I've learned that I can make a differencell in the world.

the

xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circlethe bestanswer. | . The writer's purpose in writing the article was to a. convince people to travel b. discouragepeople from giving money for housing c. share avaluable experienceabout volunteering 2 . Which statement is true? a. Habitat for Humanity is more than 25 years old. b. The writer is an employeeof Habitat for Humanity. c. The writer has helped to build housesin more than one country. 3 . In line 1, the words greu W mean a. studied b. becametaII c. spent my childhood 4 . In lines 26-27,the words keepin touch mean a, communicate b. make money c. walk 5. You can infer from paragraph#1 Qines l-7)thatMariko Asano a. is still a student at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies b. studied at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies c. was a teacher at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies 11 make a difference

do something important for other people

78 Chapter 8 . Helping Others

6. You can infer from paragraph #4 (lines 2l-28) that Mariko Asano

a. knew the family before she went to the Philippines b. didn't finish building the house c. was happy with the house her team built B. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. l. Pair work. In paragraph#2 (lines 8-15), what doesMariko Asano say are the valuable things in life? List four things below. Things in Life .trtbt. a a a

Chooseone of MarikoSideasand completethe sentencebelow. Example:

Wethink it's important to help each other because togetheru)eare stronger. Wethink it's i,mportant to because. . .

2. In your opinion, what are some of the positive and negativethings about volunteering for Habitat? Add four ideas to the chart below.

1 . Youcan help other people.

l. Youdon't earn any money.

2.

2.

3.

3.

Basedon the informationin your chart,would you encourage someoneto volunteerfor Habitat?Why or why not?

. 7 9

Reading Skifl ldentifying the topic and main idea To identify the topic of a reading, ask: What is the reading about? To identify the main idea of a reading, ask: What is the most i,mportant thing the utriter saEsabout the topic? Example: The topic of the reading on pages77-78 is volunteering for Habitat. The writer's main idea is that volunteering to help other people can changeyour life. Lookbackat the readingsin Chaptersl, 2, 3, and 6 and complete this chart. (Morethan one answer may be correct.)

Are You Getting EnoughSleep?

Going without sleep can be bad foryour

{pp.3-4)

health.

Mika3Homestay in London

You can learn a lot from

( p p .l 3 - 1 4 )

The Book of

the e-book

the Future (pp.23-2+)

CelfPhones:Hang Up or KeepTalking?

(pp.ss-s6) Compareyour answerswith a partner.

80 Chapter 8 . Helpi,ng Others

Booksin the future will DC

cabulary

You can changethe meaning of many adjectives by adding a prefix that meansnot: un-, im-, in-, ir-. For example,the wordunimTtortant meansnot important and the word inactiae means not acti,ae.

Examples: ununcomfortable unprofitable unwise unimportant unhelpful unsuccessful unhealthy

imimmobile impermanent impossible immature

lrirregular irreplaceable irresponsible

ininconvenient incomplete inactive inexperienced independent

Add the correct prefix (un-, im-, in-, ir) to each adjectivebelow to makethe meaningnegative. Example: Is it

impossible

to leav'n a nelD language

in one year? | . Do you think sleepingon a cement floor would be very comfortable 2 com?leT'e

2. Haveyou ever handedinan

homework

assignment? 3. Do you think i1's

healbhy

to go without sleepfor

several days and nights? 4. Wouldyou like to fly with y, 5. Do you think i1's

wiee

6. Wouldyou like to own an

ex?erienced

pilot?

to use a cell phone? ?rofiLable

restaurant?

B . Pair work. Ask a partnerthe questionsfrom ActivityA.

c. Choosesix words from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 172.

. 8 t

Focus

Langu

Understanding gerunds A gerund is the -i'ng form of a verb when it is used as a noun. The boldfaced words below are gerunds.In each example,the gerund is the subject ofthe sentence. Examples: Helping others makesyou feel good. Meeting thesepeoplewas wonderful for eachof us. Developing closerelationshipsis one of the important things in life. Being involved with Habitat has changedmy life. A. Completeeach sentencewith a gerund from the box below. {Morethan one answeris possible.f developingcloserelationshiPs doing research going without sleeP startingyour own business learningto fly a plane makinga profit watching televtslon

savrngmoney sleepingon a cementfloor worryrng usinga mobilePhone travelingabroad working in a restaurant

is really bad for your health.

2.

would be difficult.

3.

wilt help you keep in touch with your friends.

4.

is an important thing to do.

5.

is a wise thing to do.

6.

would be a Iot of fun.

7.

helps relieve stress.

8.

is exciting.

B. Pair work. Readthe sentencesfrom ActivityA to a partner.Find out if your partneragreesor disagreeswith each statement. Example

A: Goi'ngui'thout sleepis really badfor your health. B: Tltat's true. (or Really? Why is that?)

82 Cha,pter8 . Helping Others

Discussion &

iti

A. Whichof the followingvolunteeropportunities wouldyou choose?

why? | . reading to a blind person 2. cooking for a sickperson 3. fixing bicycles for children 4. helping someoneIearn to read 5. cleaning a house for an older person B . Being involvedwith Habitatwas an importantexperiencein Mariko Asano3life. Follow the stepsbelow to write about an important experiencein your life. Step | : Think of some importantexperiencesin your life. Listthem on a pieceof paper. Example:

Important experiencesin my life . meeting Tina c goi,ng to Canada . Iearyti,ngto play the piano . lear"ning to drtue a car . spending time ui,thmy grandmother

Step2: Chooseone of the experienceson your list.Collect informationabout this experiencein a chart likethe one below Who?

When?

My mother taughtme.

In 1982. I uas 18.

experience: Learning to d,riae a

Where? In Los Angeles

SpentnxMLA hours usithmy mother

. 8 3

li1

Step3: Write about your experience.Then tell a partnerabout the experience. Example: Leatning to ddae a cd,ruas an important erperience in my Iife. Mg mother taught me to driue uhile my father u&s awaA onbusi,ness... C. Find out about a volunteerorganizationin your area.Sharewhat you learnedwith your classmates. Name of organization: Purpose: Web site: Phone:

fulfillment

appreciate

(a)close(relationshipJ

lifestyle

be involvedin

valuable

message

careabout

uncomfortable

organization

volunteer

incomplete

relationship

grow up

unhealthy

volunteer

keep {in touchf make (a difference) offer

84 Chapter8 . Helping Others

Baseball Fans Aroundthe World

Chapter

Vendor selling refreshments at an American baseball game

Fan holding an airhorn in Fukuoka, Japan

Take me out to the ballgame, Take me out to the crowd, Bug me some peanuts and Cracker Jacks, f don't care if I neaer get back.

--Jack Notworth, American

songwri,ter

C

T

:

The behavior of baseball fans

Making predictions

B RY: Groupingwordsandphrases Using the verbs see, hear, usatch, and feel + object + -i,ng form

. 8 5

A. What do you know about baseball?Studythe diagramand read the statementsbelow. Check(uz)Trueor False.

| . There are five baseson a baseballfield.

True False tl n

2. The baseballpitcher pitches (throws) the baII from first base.

n

n

3. The batter bats (hits the ball) from home plate.

tr

tr

4. When a batter hits a home run, he must touch three basesand home plate.

n

n

B. Look at the title of the readingon page 87 . What do you think the readingwill be about?

86 Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around the World

Passage BASEBALL FANS AROUND

THE WORTD

Baseball is a very popular sport in Asia, North America, South America, and even Europe. While the rules of baseball are similar from country to country, the behavior of baseball fans is very different. Here's a look at some of the differences in fan behavior aroundthe world. In Japan Baseball fans in Japan are loud-really loud. The sound of chants, cheering, drums, and trumpets continues nonstop throughout a baseball game in Japan. When a team goes to bat,r their fans sing a different song for eachbatter at the plate. And evenwhen their team is 1 0 losing badly, Japanesefans continue to yell and screarn. Foreign baseball players in Japan are often surprised that the fans never boo2 a player. According to the American pitcher Brian War-ren, baseballis more fun in Japan. "When I used to play in Venezuela," Warren said, "fans threw things at me when I didn't pitch well." This 1 5 never happensin Japan. When a Japaneseplayer hits a home run, the fans give the biggest cheer of all-a banzai, cheer. That's when the fans yell with both of their arms above their heads. In Tbiwan Baseball fans in an are just as loud as the fans in Japan! In 2 0 Taiwan, many fans use air horns to cheer their team on. These horns are so loud they can really hurt your ears. Taiwanesefans often yell "Charge!"to excite the baseballplayers. And when a player hits a home run, there is a special tradition. After the player mns around the bases,a young girl presents him with a stuffed animal that looks 25 Iike his team'smascot.3 In the United States Asian visitors to the United States are often surprised and disappointed by how quiet American baseball fans are. "When I went to a baseball game in San FYancisco,everybody was just sitting there watching the game. It was kind of boring," says Barry Lin, a 30 Taiwanesestudent at the University of California, Berkeley."Baseball was invented in the United States," Lin says, "but Americans don't seemvery excited about their game." I goes to bat takes their turn hitting the ball 2 boo make the noise "boo!" to show disapproval 3 mascot an animal that is a team's symbol of good luck

. 8 7

It's true. Baseballfans in the United Statesare some of the quietest in the world. It's common to see baseball fans eating hot dogs and 35 popeorn, and chatting with friends. "When I go to a baseball game," says Ginger Hanson from San Francisco, "I want to have fun with friends and catch up ona their lives. The real reason I go is for the social experience."

40

45

In the Dominican Republic Like the fans in Japan and Taiwan, the fans in the Dominic Republic cheer loudly throughout the game. They also sing and dance! Since music and dancing are an important part of Dominican culture, you might even find a mere ue band moving through the stands at a baseball game. Despite the music and dancing, many Dominican fans are very serious about baseball. Carol Parmenter, an American living in the Dominican Republic,says,"At Dominican games,you see groups of men drinking small cups of sweet coffee, carefully analyzing every pitch, every hit, every play. American fans don't usually follow the gamethat closely."

Understan

the

xt

A. True or Fafse?Readthe statementsand check (uu ) Trueor False. True False | . This article is primarily about the rules for playrng baseball.

n t r

2 . According to the article, baseball fans are noisy

n

tr

tr

n

n

n

n

tr

n

tr

in every country except the Dominican Republic.

3 . Venezuelan baseball fans are different from Japanese baseball fans.

4 . Japanese fans give abanzai, cheer when their players get a home run.

5 . Air horns are popular among fans in both Taiwarr and the United States.

6 . Taiwanese baseball fans are a little quieter than Japanese fans. a catch up on

learnnewthings about

88 Chapter 9 . BaseballFans Around the World

True Fafse 7. The word "scream"in line 10meansto talk quietly. 8. The word "chatting" in line 35 means cooking. 9. You can infer that baseball fans in Japan and Taiwan don't follow the gamevery closely. | 0. You can infer that Brian Warren has played baseball in Japan.

n n n

n n n

tr

n

Work with a classmateto correctthe falsestatements. B. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below | . What was the most surprising or interesting thing that you learned in this reading?Why was it surprising or interesting? 2. Do you think it is ever okay to boo someone?Why or why not? 3. Choosea type of sports event you and your partner have attended and answer the questionsbelow. Sports euent:

How often do you cheer?

n Allthetime n Often n Sometimes n Rarely ! Never

n n n n

Allthetime

!

Never

tr n n n tr

n n n n

O-33o/o

Often Sometimes Rarely

What do you yell or sing when you cheer? what percentageof time do you spendstanding during a game? How closelydo you watch the game?

!

O-33o/o 34-660/o 67-l000/o Very closely Somewhatclosely Not very closely

34-660/o 67-l OOo/o

!

Very closely Somewhatclosely

n

Not very closely

. 8 9

Which sentencedescribesyou and your partner bestat the sports event? tr We do the samethings. n We do almost the samethings. tr We do some of the samethings. n We don't do the samethings.

skirf Making predictions When you make a prediction, you guesswhat wiII happen.Before you read a story or article, it helps to Iook it over and predict what it \MiIlbe about. Example: By looking at the title, proper names,and key words on pages 87-88, you can predict the topic ofthe reading: the behavior of baseballfans in Japan,Taiwan, the United States,and the Dominican Republic. Look ahead to Chapter 10 (page 96), Chapter1 1 (page 107),and Chapter12 (page I l6). Basedon the pictureand titleat the beginning of each chapte; completeeach predictionbelow. | . I think Chapter l0 is about: E unusual clothing E the history of music I

afamous musician

because

I think Chapter1l is about: because

9O Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around the World,

3 . I think Chapter 12is about: because

Compareideaswith your classmates.

Buil

CA

Grouping words and phrases Grouping words and phrasesthat are similar can help you remember them. For example, grouping the players in different sports will help you remember them. Baseball players pitcher catcher first baseman outfielder

Soccer players goalie forward halfback fullback

A. Group thesephrasesin the chart below. Somephrasesmay go in both groups. chat with friends cheer eat during the game go to bat

have fun with friends hit home runs run around the bases sing and dance

yell and scream use air horns watch the game

. 9 1

B. Add three words or phrasesto each group below. (Youcan look backat the readingsin Chapters1, 2, 4 and 5 for ideas.)

hallucinate

m i g p r o n o u n c ew o r d g

l o e ew e i a h t

C. Choosesix words from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 173.

La

uage Focus Using +-' form Form: see hear watch feel

+ object

+ object

+ -i,ng form of verb

Examples: . It's commonto see people eating hot dogs. . At Dominican garnes,you see men drinking coffee and analyzing every pitch. Meaning We use the verbs see,hear, watch, andfeel with an -i,ng formto show that the activity or action is continuous or ongoing. A. Completethe following sentenceswith a verb + ing. (Morethan one answer may be correct.) f . It's common to see Americans to friends at a baseballgame.

popcorn and talking

2. In the Dominican Republic, you can see fans dancing at baseballgarnes. 92 Chapter I . Baseball Fans Around the Wortd

and

3. When I went to a game in Japan, I saw many fans very loudly.

4. It's fun to watch my favorite player 5. At the beach, you can see people

6. I heard you tonight.

home runs. in the ocean.

very loudly last night. Pleasebe quieter

B. What do you see in the illustrationbelow? ldentifyfive things. Example: I seepeoplecheertng. I seesom,eone ... I seeaplayer. . .

i

q

,y

CIe

'

{

1

. 9 3

c. Completethe sentencesbelow with informationabout a sport in your country. Sport: l . It's common to seefans 2 . It's not common to see fans 3 . At gameshere,you often see 4 . At gameshere, you don't usually see

Discussion & A. Chooseone of the sportseventsbelow and completethe chart. basketball game tennis match

soccergame table tennis game

p l a v e r ek i c k i n oN,h eb a l l

golf match volleyball game

fansvellina

Readthe informationin your chart aloud, but don't identifi the sport.Seeif your classmates can name it. Example: A: At this sports euentAou seeplayers ranning and jumping. B: Is it basketball? B. Pair work. lnterviewa classmateabout his or her favoritesport to watch. Recordthe answersin the chart below.

1 . What'syour favorite sport to watch? 2. When did you first watch this sport? o D.

How often do you watch this sport?

4. What do you like about this sport?

94 Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around, the Wortd,

Tellyour classmates about your partner3favoritesport to watch. Example: My partner's fauodte sport to watch is ice hockeE.Shefirst watched this sport when she was 12 years old. Nou she often uatches ganxeson teleuision, ottd,she usually goes to about three games a Aea,r.She likes this sport becauseit's uery fast.

catch up on chat with cheer scream yell

. 9 5

Vanessa-Mae:

Chapter

A zlstCentury Musician

Vanessa-Mae

I'ue alwags felt that good music, if it is well played, will touch anuone anywhere.

-Vanessa-Mae, Si,ngaporean musician

C

T

:

A young musician'slife Dealing with unfamiliar words

Understandingsuffixes

(1e77-)

Showing a contrast with although

96 Chapter 70 . Vunessa-Mae:A21"t Cenhny Musician

A. Who is your favoritemusician?What is your favoritesong or piece of musicby this person?Shareyour answerswith a partner. Example: A: Ireallyli,ke... B: What's (her/his) best song? A: Ithinki,t's... B. Scanthe readingon pages97-98 and completethe Previewing Chart below

Title of the article: Names of people and places in the article (Listthree more.)

Key words {What words appearseveraltimes? Listthree more.)

9ingaVore

piano

Basedon your chart,what do you think the articleis about?

VANESSA-MAE: A 2l sr Century

Musician

Vanessa-Maewas born in Singapore in 1977. Her mother was Chinese,and her father was from d. At the age of four, VanessaMae moved to London, England with her mother and stepfather. As a young child, Vanessa-Mae was alreadya talentedrmusician.She piano took her first lesson when she was three years old and her first violin lessonwhen she was five. Developing Skills in Beijing. She was the youngest student the Conservatoryhad ever t talented

very good; with great ability

. 9 7

accepted.Shealso took lessonsat the famousRo

College of Music

1 0 in London.The director of the collegedescribedVanessa-Mae as "a true child prodig;r2- Iike Moz

and Mendelssohn." WhenVanessa-Mae was just eight years old, she had to make a big decision. She was equally gifteds at both the violin and the piano, but she had to concentrate on just one instrument. Although she 1 5 had just won a prize at a famous piano competition, Vanessa-Mae chosethe violin. At the age of nine, Vanessa-Maewent to Germany to take violin classes for advanced students. The best students were usually chosento be a part of the recitalsajust once or twice. Vanessa-Mae 20 was chosen four times. These were her first performances in front of an audience. By the time she was ten years old, Vanessa-Maehad studied the violin at some of the best schools in the world. She made her first professional appearance in 1987 with the Philharmonic Orchestra 2 5 in London. Vanessa-Maeoften played Mozart concertos. A concerto is a piece of music written for one or more solo instruments accompanied bys an orchestra. Accomplishments By the time she was twelve, Vanessa-Maehad played with 30 orchestrasall over the world as a soloist. Shehad also released6three classicalrecordings. Although she loved classical music, Vanessa-Maewanted to experiment with other kinds of music. At fourteen, she began to combine the traditional sound of her acousticTviolin with the sounds 35 made from her new electric violin. She called this music "technoacoustic fusion." Vanessa-Maeloved the music that the two types of violins made together. Her first album with techno-acoustic fusion music was called The Violin Player. It was an instant success and sold in over twenty countries. It was even a hit on the best-selling 40 music charts. No longer just a classical musician, Vanessa-Maewas asked to perform at international rock concerts. At a concert in Switzerland, 2 prodigy genius; person with great ability 3 gifrted talented a recitals performances by music or dance students 5 accompanied by along with; together with 6 released 7 acoustic

made available for sale a musical instrument that is not electronic

9 8 Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A27't Cenhny Musician

45

the audience of 50,000people gave her a twenty-minute ovation.sThe crowd did not want her to stop playtng. Vanessa-Maehas sometimes been criticized for not just playing classical music. However, she feels it is important to introduce violin music to a new audience."If, as a result [of my music], people seethe violin as a fresh, up-to-dateeinstrument, that's fine with me."

Understandi

the

t

life A. Sequenceof events. Number theseeventsin Vanessa-Mae3 from first(l ) to last(7). She moved from Singaporeto London with her mother and stepfather. Shewent to Germanyto take advancedviolin classes. She made her first professional appearance. 1

She was born in Singapore. Shedecidedto concentrateon the violin insteadof the piano. She studied music in China. She started playrng "techno-acousticfusion" music.

B. Inferencing. What can you infer from the statementsbelow? Circle the bestanswer. l. Vanessa-Maestudied music at the Central Conservatory of China in Beijing. She was the youngest student the Conservatory had ever accepted.You can infer from this that -. a. the Conservatoryonly acceptsyoung students. b. the Conservatorywas the only school that acceptedVanessa-Mae. c. Vanessa-Maewas very talented when she was young. 2. At a concert in Switzerland, 50,000people gave Vanessa-Maea twenty-minute ovation. You can infer from this that a. The audienceloved her music. b. The audiencedidn't like her music. c. Her music was very unusual. 8 ovation cheeringbythe audience e up-to-date contemporary; modern

. 9 9

3. By the time she was twelve, Vanessa-Maehad played with orchestras all over the world. You can infer from this that a. Vanessa-Maetraveled a lot before she was twelve. b. Vanessa-Mae could speak many different languages when she was young. c. Vanessa-Mae never played solo before she was twelve. C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questions below | . How would you describe Vanessa-Mae?Make five sentences using words from columns A and B.

Example:

Ithink

I think Vanessa-Maeis successfulbecauseshe usorksuery hard.

interesting unusual

she experimentswith differentkindsof music. she has lived in many countries.

creative talented

she has made severalrecordings. she startedplayingmusicwhen she was very young.

Vanessa- successful Mae is smart

because

she works very hard. she was equallygiftedat the piano and violin. she is beautiful.

2. If you could interview Vanessa-Mae,what questions would you ask her? Write your ideas. Examplesz Do youfeelneruous uhen you perforrn i,nfront of an aud,ience? How long did you study i,n Chi,na? a . Do you b . Did you c . Who d . What

?

e. When

?

f. Where

IOO Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A21"t Century Musici,an

g. whv h. How

Reading Skill Dealing wlth unfamiliar words When you are reading a paragraph in English, many of the words may be unfamiliar. However, stopping to look up every word in a dictionary can make it more difficult to understand the paragraph. Instead, try to get the general meaning of the paragraph from the words you already know. Then use context to guess the meaning of other important words. A. Answer these questions with information from the paragraphs below. Do not write the missing words in the paragraph. l. Where was Midori born? 2. What instrument did her mother play? 3. Where did Midori's mother take her when she was a babv?

in Osaka, Japan. Her father was an her mother was a

violinist. Midori's that "almost from

mother, Setsu Goto,

she was "

to be a musician."

When she went to the concert hall to mother took her baby daughter

practiced on

and

, Midori's . Midori often

. One day, when Midori was

music that her mother had

two days before.

B. Do you need to understand every word in a reading? Why or why not?

.

lOl

cabula Understanding suffixes Suffixes come at the end of words. They help you know if a word is a noun, verb, or adjective. For example, many adjectives end with these suffixes: Suffix -abIe

Sample a{iectives portable profitable

Meaning can be carried can make a profit

-ous

famous cautious

having fame having caution

-fuI

helpful harmful

full of help full of harm

-less

heartless friendless

without heart without friends

A. Underlinethe suffixin each word. Then tell what you think each word means. l. countable

can be counted

2. washable 3 . readable 4 . dangerous 5 . spacious 6 . fearful 7 . sorrowful 8 . Ioveless 8 . fearless I O. hopeless Choosesix words from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 173.

lO2 Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A21"t Century Musici,an

Focus Showing a contrast with The words although and euenthough show a contrast between two ideasin a sentenceor an unexpectedresult. Example o Although Vanessa-Mae won aprize at apiano competition, she chose to study the violin.

Meaning She won apize at apiano competition; however, she chose to continue studying the violin.

. She experiments with ---+ different kinds of music although she loves classical music.

She loves classical music; however, she experiments with different kinds of music.

r She was in a violin class for advanced students even though she was only nine years old.

She was only nine years old; however, she was in aviolin class for advanced students.

A. Circle the word in parenthesesthat best completes each sentence. | . Although he selected a book that looked easy, he (could/couldn't) read it. 2. He (is/isn't) Iosing weight even though he eats a lot every day. 3. Although I selected a school with few Japanese students, there (were/weren't) two in each class. 4. Although she went without sleep for 24 hours, she (was/wasn't) able to think clearly. 5. He (could/couldn't) get a job in the airplane industry although he knew how to fly a plane. 6. Although she usually looks forward to playing the piano, she (wants/doesn't want) to practice today. 7. Millions of people (arelaren't) using cell phones even though they might be harmful.

B . Complete these sentenceswith your own ideas. | . Although she felt tired,

2. Although he took piano lessonsfor many years,

. lO3

3. Although we lcrow that smoking is harmful,

4. Although he mispronouncedmany words,

5. He went outside even though

6. Shefelt tired even though

7. Susandid poorly on the test even though

8. Even though Linda studied French for five yea.rs,

9. Although I like to eat fish,

| 0. Although he's only eight years old,

Discussion &

iting

A. Follow the instructionsbelow to write a timelinefor one of your classmates. Step l: Listfive or more importanteventsin your life. ::.t

Example: cut my foot and uent to the hospital my brother uas borvt started school started ballet lessons Ask questionsto find Step2: Exchangelistswith a classmate. out when each event happened. Example: A: B: A: B:

Whendid you cut yourfoot? WhenI uas three. What year uas that? 1988.

A 21e Century Musician I O4 ChWter 10 . Vuinpssa-Ma,e:

Step3: Useyour classmate3 answersto makea timelineabout his or her life. Example: 1988

1990

She cut herfoot and went to the hospital.

1991

She started ballet lessons.

Her brother u;as born. B . Collect6 to B factsabout someonefamous.Usethe informationto makea biographicaltimelineof thrsperson.

c. Find someonewho answersy€Sto the firstquestionin Box 1 and 2 below. Then askthe follow-upquestionsto get more details. Example: A: B: A: B:

Do you play a musical instrament? Yes,I d,o. What instyument do you plag? I pIaE the guitar.

A: Do you play a musicalinstrument?

A: Haveyou ever been to a concert?

B:

B:

A: What instrument do you play?

A: Where was the concert?

B:

B;

A: What kind of musicdo you like to play?

A: What kind of musicwas it? B:

B: A: Haveyou ever performed in front of an audience?

A: Was it a good concert? B:

B:

Sharewhat you learnedwith your classmates. Example:

Mei plays the piano. Sluelikes to Ttlayjazz.

.

lO5

lO6 Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Map: A21't Centrny Musici,an

Nuclear power provides 16% of the world's electricity. There are more than 400 nuclear power plants in operation in the world today.

It's better to be sa,fe than sony.

C

T

:

Nuclear power -American saying

Writing margin notes

B

Y

:

Learning word forms Using averb + that clause

. lO7

A. What forms of energy are used where you live?Check (/) your answers.

n coal n solar (sun) power noil n wind power nuclearpower n n B. Scanthe readingon pages 108-l 09 and completethe "Previewing Chart" below.

Title of the article: Names of places in the article (Listthree more.)

appearseveraltimes? Listthree more.)

Ja?an

radiation

Key words (What words

Basedon your chart,what do you think the articleis about?

Passa e HOW SAFE IS NUCTEAR POWER? On September30, 1999,there was an accident at a nuclear plant in Tokaimura, Japan. On that day, three plant employees accidentally poured too much uranium into a tank,l which led to a leak of radiation.2 At least 90 people were exposed tos high radiation. One worker died. Other countries have had similar accidents.There was a close calla at a nuclear plant at Three Mile Isl d in the United States. On March 28, L979,there was a reactor meltdown at this plant. A reactor I tank large metal container 2 leak of radiation dangerous nuclear material going into the air 3 were exposed to had contact with a a close call a dangerous situation that could have been worse

lO8 Chapter 11 o Hout Safe Is Nuclear Power?

meltdown happens when the fuel inside a 1 0 reactor melts.s Unless immediate safety measures6are taken, a meltdown can lead to radiation leaking into the atmosphere.T Probably the most famous nuclear accident occurred at a plant in Chernobyl, 1 5 in the former Soviet Union. The accident happened on April 26, 1986, when things went terribly wrongs during an experiment. This caused a meltdown so serious that the top of a reactor 20 exploded into the slcy. Radiation leaked Reactor core and cooling pool into the atmospherefor more than a week. in a nuclear power plant Wind carried some of the radioactive pollution over large parts of Europe. Many deaths and birth defects throughout Europe have resulted from this horrible event.

25

The idea of using nuclear power as a form of energy grew out of

Nuclear power was first used to make electricity on December 20, 1951.By the 1960s,nuclear energywas becomingcheapto produce, and utility companieslowere building plenty of plants. However, in 30 the 1970s,there were concerns about the possibilities of nuclear disasters and environmental problems. Then, those concerns caJne truell with the tragedy at Chernobyl and the near-disasterat Three MiIe Island. Today,supporters of nuclear energy say it is a necessarysource of

35 power. This is especially true in countries like Japan,which depends of.its power. Obviously,taking away on nuclear energy for about 35o/o that source of energy could badly hurb the economy. Also, while minor accidents sometimes happen at nuclear plants, most are contained without deaths or serious injuries.

40

For now, nuclear energy is probably not going away. Citizens should demand that government agencies have very strict safety measuresfor nuclear power plants. At the same time, we must find other safer and cheaper sources of energy. 5 melts changesfrom a solid to a liquid 6 safety measures actions to make something safe 7 atmosphere air around our earth 8 things went terribly wrong very bad things happened e weapons research work to develop military equipmentfor war 10utility companies companiesthat provide gas,electricity, or water lr come true happen;become real

.

l09

Understanding the

xt

A. True or False?Readthe sentencesand check (uz)Trueor False. Tirue False l. The main idea of this readingis that nuclear energyis a safe source of power. 2. The accident at a nuclear plant in Tokaimura, Japanoccurredbecauseworkers forgot to put uranium into a tank. 3. A reactor meltdown occurs when the fuel inside a nuclearreactor melts. 4. A meltdown is dangerousbecauseradiation can leak into the atmosphere. 5. As a result of the accident at Chernobyl,people in the areawere exposedto small amountsof radiation. 6. The pronoun il in line 34 refers to today.

n

n

n

n

l-l

n

n

n

n

n

n

7. The words taking auaA in line 36 mean remouing.

n

n n

8. You can infer from lines 25-28 that nuclear power was not used to generateelectricity in the 1940s.

n

n

Work with your classmates to correctthe falsestatements. B. What happenedat the placesbelow? Lookfor informationon pages l0B-109 to completethe chart.

Three Mile lsfand

M a r c h2 8 , 1 9 7 9

country:

a nuclearreactor

Chernobyf Country:

a nuclearaccident,'the top of a nuclear reactor

Tokaimura Country:

a radiation

Comparechartswith your classmates. | | O Chapter 11 . How Safe Is Nuclear Power?

C. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. | . What are the advantagesand disadvantagesof using nuclear power? Make a charblike this on apiece of paper.Add theseideasto it. ' @ o radiation might leak into the atmosphere o people might be exposedto radiation o radioactive pollution can causebirth defects o serious nuclear accidents are rare

I t , p r o d u c e ec h e a p e l e c L r i c i | y

Compareideaswith a classmate. A: One advantageof using nuclear power is that . . . B: I agree.But one disadvantageis that. . .

2 . What isyour opinion?Check(uz)"l think"or "I don't think."Then finishthe sentencewith a reason. Example: I think J ryl

I dont think n

nuclearpower is dangerous

because radiation misht leak into the atmosphere. I think

tr

I don't think n

nuclearpower is dangerous

don't think n

we should stop using nuclear

because I think b.

tr

power because I think c. n

I don't think n

nuclearpower will be more popular

in the future because Compareyour ideaswith a partner. .

lll

Readi

skiil

Writing margin notes As you read, try writing your thoughts and reactions in the maxgin. Your margin notes might be questions,phrases,single words, or symbols. Writing margin notes can help you read more carefully and actively. Example:

*

For now, nuclear energyis probably not going away.Citizens should demandthat government agencieshave very strict safety measuresfor nuclear power plants. At the sametime, we must find other safer and cheapersourcesof energy.

Howdo do thie?

Agree.

Write marginnotesas you read the paragraphbelow Usetwo of the phrasesor symbolsin the box below. Sampfe margin notes Phrases Interesting. Very interesting. I don't understand. Important. I agree. I disagree.

Symbols ! !! ? * X

We all breathe the air that surrounds earth. The air is made up mainly of gases:around 78%nitrogen,2[o/o oxygen, and,Lo/o carbon dioxide, other gases,and water vapor. Human beings breathe more than six quarbs (5.7 liters) of air every minute. Becauseair is so basic to life, it is very important to keep the air clean by reducing or preventing air pollution. -The WorldAlmanac

Compareyour noteswith a partner.

I 12 Chapter11 . How SafeIs Nuclear Pouer?

cabula Learning word forms When you learn a new word, it's useful to learn other forms of the sameword. You can find these forms in a dictionary. For example, ifyou know the verb react, you can use a dictionary to find the noun forms reaction and reactor A. Completethe chart below by adding the missingnoun form(s). Then checkyour ideasby looking in a dictionary.

].

Nouns reaction, reactor

rbs react

2.

radiate

o D.

pollute

4.

result

5.

research

6.

electrify

7.

contain

8.

support

9.

injure

10.

inspect

B . Completeeach questionwith a noun from Activity A. Then ask a partneryour questions. l. Areyoua s

of nuclear power?

2. Why is air p

a problem in the world today?

3. Is nuclear r

dangerous?

4 . What do you use e

for?

5 . Have you ever had a serious i 6. What was one at Chernobyl?

? of the nuclear meltdown

c. Choosesix words from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 174.

.

ll3

Language Focus clause Usingaverb+ We often use the verbs below to state an idea or opinion. It is commonto use athat clauseafter theseverbs. explain

admit agree

believe claim

feel

argue

estimate

insist

know reply say

think

Examples: I agree that we needstricter safetymeasuresfor nuclearpower plants. I think that nuclear plants need to have stricter safety measures. You can remove the word that aft,erall of the verbs above except argue, erplain, or reply. Examples: I thought that he was right. on I thought he was right. BUT

He arguedthat he was right. on Sheexplained that she was Jon's mother. A. The word that was removedfrom each of thesesentences.Put the word that in the appropriateplacein each sentence. that Example: Euen thoughpeopleknowrtheUuse too much electri,city, they refuse to be more careful. l. Some people say we should close down all nuclear power plants. 2. How many of you agree we need to stop using so much electricity? 3. Many people think we need to build more nuclear power plants. 4. I feel we should spend more money on new technologies that can provide cheap and safe electricity. 5. He said he didn't have an opinion about nuclear power. B. Complete each sentencewith your own idea.

| . I think that nuclear power 2. The article in this chapter said that 3. Supporters of nuclear power agree that

4. I believe that in the future Readeach sentenceto your partner.Then, read each sentence againwithout that. l l 4 Chapter 11 . How Safe Is Nuclear Power?

Discussion & A: Pair work. How could we reducethe amount of pollution world? Add your suggestionsto the chart below. Suggestions

for reducing

the

pollution

. use solar-powered cars o limit the number of cars per family . close factories that pollute the air a a

and then completethe Sharesuggestionswith your classmates sentencebelow. I think the best suggesti,onis to B . What are the most seriousproblemsin the world today? Add two ideasto the list below. ter"ribledi,seases like staruation teryorism ai,r pollution

For each item on your list,think of somethingpeoplecan do to help solvethis problem. Example:

To help end stataati,on i,n the world, people can send nxoneAto poor countries.

accident atmosphere

dependon

energy rnJUry pollution

explode go wrong melt

safetymeasures reaction

react resultfrom

source

take away

environmental

accidentally

horrible necessary

terriblv

.

ll5

Chapter

"Loue atftrst sightf cq,n't explain it, but it's real and happens qll the time." -Taylor Stanleg, American a,ctress(1976- )

Loveat FirstSight

C Falling in love

Asking yourself questionswhile you read

B Y Usinga learner'sdictionary Using the past continuous

| | 6 Chapter 12 ' Loue at Fi,rst Sight

:

A. Lookat the two people on page | 16. What is their relationship? Checka box and compareanswerswith a classmate. tr good friends

n two people who just met

E brother and sister

E classmates

n boyfriend and girlfriend

n husband and wife

B. Scanthe readingon pages | | 7-1 19 and completethe chart.

Title of the article: Names of people and places in the article {Listthree more.)

appearseveraltimes?

Anne

love

Key words (What words Listthree more.)

Basedon your chart,what do you think the articleis about?

IOVE AT FIRST SIGHT It was loueatfirst sight.It's alwaysexciting to hear thosewords. But do people really believe in love at first sight? We asked 40 Americans this question-l8 men and 22 women. Thirteen people (32%o) said they believed in love at first sight;27 people (68%o) said they didn't. Next, we wanted to find out who believed in love at first sight and who didn't. We were surprised to find that both younger and older people believed they could fall in love in a few short seconds.We also Iearned that people from many different professions had love-at-firstsight experiences. These people included a scientist, an artist, a 1 0 dancer,and a computerprogrammer. What was the most interesting thing we learned in our study? More men believed in love at first sight than women: 44o/oof the men

. l17

believed in this kind of love, while only 27o/oof the women did. Here's what some of the men and women in our survey said about love at first sight. Name: John Occupation: Arbist Age:30

1 5 "Yes, I believe in love at first sight. It

20

25

happened to me. I was at a parLy several years ago when I saw Luisa. I Icrew she was the one for me when her eyes flashed back at me.l It was like they looked into my 'I like heart, read my life story and said, what I see, and want to be with you.' That night at the party, I went over to Luisa and 'Of course, I asked her to dance. She said, was waiting for you to ask.'That was three years ago, and we're still together." Name: Mark Occupation: Salesman Age:35

30

35

"I didn't use to believe in love at first sight, but now I do. About four years ago, I was giving a sales presentation when this amazingz woman walked into the room. We made eye contact3 and my heart my faster.a After started beating presentation, I introduced myself, and she and I went out for dinner the next night. We talked and talked, and by the end of the evening, I was truly in love with her. That feeling of love at first sight was like nothing else. In just a few seconds, I was filled with intense5 energy and passion. Anne and I got married a year later."

her eyes flashed back at me emotion 2

amazing

3

made eye contact

4

heart started beating faster

5

intense

she looked into my eyes with a lot of

fantastic looked into each other's eyes heart began to move very quickly

verystrong

| | 8 Chapter 12 . Loue at Fi,rst Si,ght

Name: Emily Occupation: Collegestudent Age:23

40 "No, I don't believe in Iove at first sight.

45

Love comeslater in a relationship.When I met my boyfriend, I felt something tingly.u I guess you could call it puppy love,7 but it wasn't true love. It took about a year for true love to develop betweenus." Name: Carol Occupation: Writer Age:37

"Do I believe in love at first sight? No, not really. Love is based on trust and shared experiences and values.8Love 50 takes time to develop. You fall in Iove slowly by talking to a special person, writing him love letters, fighting, rnaking up.e The key to love is stayrng excited about the other person, month 55 after month, yeffi after year." Name: Sarah Occupation: High school senior Age:18 "I don't think love at first sight happens very often, but of course it happens sometimes.It makes me happy to think that it might happen to me. If I didn't 60 believe love at first sight was possible, it would be really depressing."

6 felt something tingly had feelings of excitement 7 puppy love early feelings of love that are not serious 8 shared experiences and values things that two people do together and ideas they agree on e making up apologizing to each other after an argument

.

l19

The authors sent an e-mail messageto 75 Americans,askingthem to answer somequestionsabout love at first sight. Forty people responded.The youngestperson who answeredthe questionswas 15, and the oldest person was 62.Many of the people who responded were students;others were teachers,lawyers,and other professionals.

Understandi

the

xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circle the best answer. l. This reading is primarily about a. the difference between love and friendship b. falling in love at first sight c. how true love develops 2. The following statement is true about the people in the study: a. 320/oof the men and women don't believe in love at first sight. b. 560/o of the men believe in love at first sight. c. 27o/oof the women believe in love at first sight. 3. We know for certain that John and Luisa a. are married b. met three years ago c. are going to get married 4. The following people believe in love at first sight a. John. Mark. and Sarah b. Mark, Emily, and Sarah c. John. Mark. and Carol

l2O Chapter12 . Loue at Fi,rst Si,ght

5 . You can infer that: a. Emily has had a love-at-first-sightexperience. b. Anne is in love with Mark. c. John, Emily, and Carol are very good friends. 6 . In line 60 of the reading passage,the word depressingmeans: a. impressive b. exciting c. sad 7 . The author's purpose in writing this article was to a. show that only young people believe in love at first sight b. report on an informal study about Iove at first sight c. report on a serious, scientific study about love at first sight

J o h n artieN 7n

Yee

Mark, Emily, Carol Sarah,

B. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below l. In the reading, five people give their opinions about love at flrst sight. Look at the reading and complete this chart. 2. What can you conclude from the information in the char[ above? Check(uDone or more of the boxesbelow. n Both of the men believe in love at first sight. n Al of the women believe in love at first sight. n The three people in their 30'sbelieve in love at first sight. n The people who have experiencedIove at first sight believe it's real.

. l2l

3. Which statement describes your reaction to the reading. Check (uz)one or more statementsor write your own. tr I think this study was interesting. n This study was not scientific, so it was not interesting to me. E I was surprised that more men believed in love at first sight than women. n I would like to see a similar study of 40 people from my country.

tr

Reading Skilt Asking yourself questions while you read As you read, it helps to stop and ask yourself questionsto check your comprehension.Here are some questionsyou can ask yourself while you are reading: . Do I understandthis? a

Do I know what this word means?

a

What information do I remember? Do I need to read this again?

A. Rereadthe first paragraph of the articleon page 1 1 7a n d t h e n askand answerthesequestions:

1

Do I understandthe information in this paragraphT

2 . Do I know what the phrase"loveat firstsight" means? 3 . Do I need to read this aqain?

B. Rereadthe second paragraph on page | 17 and askand answer thesequestions:

l. Do I understandthe informationin this paragraph? 2. Do I know what a "love-at-first-sight experience"is7 3. What informationdo I rememberfrom this paragraph?

122 Chapter12 . LoueatFi,rstsi.ght

C. Now rereadthe third paragraph on page 117-l I B. Askyourself three questionsof your own. Shareyour questionswith a partner.

Buildi

cabufary

Using a learner3 dictionary You can get a lot of useful information from a dictionary for English languagelearners. Here are some things you can find: . sample sentencesto help you understandnew words information to help you pronounce words the meaningof idioms A. Readthesestatementsand check (uz)Trueor False.Then use the dictionaryentry below and on page I 24 to checkyour answers. True False | . The wordloue can be a noun or a verb.

N

I

2. The opposite of loueishate.

n

n

3. In tennis, the word loae means one.

T

N

4. The phrase to faLLi,n loue is an idiom.

T

T

love noun I a very strong feeling of affection for a.It was loueatJirst sight. b. I don't think somebody/something: she'smanryi,ng hi,mfor loae! c. his louefor hi,s country | The oppositeis hate or hatred. 2 [sing] a strong feeling of interest in or enjoyment of something: a loue of aduenture 3 a thing in which you are very interested: ComTtutersare the loue of hi's li'fe these days. 4 a person who is loved: Of course, my loue. 5 (used in tennis) a score of zero: "71-loue,"called the untpi're. 6 (informal) a way of ending a letter to a friend or a member of your family: Iols of loueJrom us all, Deni,se.

. 123

IDIoMbe in love (with somebody) to have a strong feeling of affection and attraction (for somebody): T'hey'reuery much in loue (wi,th eachother). ruovt fall in love (ruith somebody) to start to feel a strong affection and attraction for somebody: Theyfell i,n loue and utere marT ied usi,thi,ntwo months. love aerb I to have a strong feeling of affection for somebody/ something:a. "Do you louehim?" "Yes,DerEmuch." b. It's wonderful to be loued,.2to love very much or to enjoy: a. I louesummertime! Mg father louesto li,stento music. c. "Wouldyou like to come?""I'd Ioueto." The catjust louesi,t u;henyou pet her Nght here. B. ldentifythe word love in each sentencebelow as a noun or verb. Then write the number of the dictionarydefinitionfrom ActivityA. Noun Verb Definition # |. I'd love to seeyou againsometime.

tr

d

2. Comelivewithmeandbemylove.

n

n

3 . I love you more than I can say.

t r n t r t r t r t r

4 . I've lost my love for car racing. 5 . Blond is the color of mv true love's hair.

6 . The score is 30-Iove.

tr

tr

C. Choosesixwords from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 174.

Focus Using the past continuous Form: was/were + present participle Meaning: The past continuous shows that an activity was ongoing or continued over a period of time in the past. Example: She said, "I was waiting for you to ask." I was grving a presentation when this amazingwoman walked in the room. 124 Chapter12 . LoaeatFirstsight

A. Circlethe simplepast or past continuousverb in parenthesesthat bestcompleteseach sentence. | . I was at aparly severalyears ago when I (met / was meeting) Luisa. 2. My wife and I met when we (studied / were studying) at Boston University. 3, The chair (broke / was breaking) when I sat down on it. 4. The police stopped him becausehe (drove / was driving) very fast. 5. No one (called / was calling) while you were out of the office. 6. She (traveled / was traveling) to the Philippines three times last year.

Discussion &. A. Group work. What do you think thesequotes mean?For each quote, write a short explanationin the chart below. Then compare ideaswith the other groups in your class. Quote Love is a great beautifier. Louisa Mag Alcott (1832-1888), Ameri,can u,tri,ter

Explanation Loue makes a,person more beautiful. When you are in loue you are happy. When you are happy, you look better.

Love makes the world go round. French Proaerb

Love is blind. WClliamShakespeare( I 5 64- 1616), English playuright ond poet Love conquersllall things. Virsil (70-19 B.C.), Romonpoet

B. Group work. ln a group of four to six people,discussone of the questionsbelow. . Do you think it's possible to fall in love at first sight? . Do you think love makes a person more beautiful? . Do you think love makes the world go round? . Do you think love conquersall things?

" conquers

wlns over

. 125

Now follow the stepsbelow. Step l. Ask each personin your group to answerthe question you choseand recordtheir answersbelow. Then add your own answer. Question: Classmates' Names

Yes

No

Step2. Count the number of peoplewho answeredycs. Then reportyour group3answersto the class. Example:

Four people belieuei,n loue atfirst sight. people don't beli,eaein loue at first sight. Tfuso

Step3. Listento the other groups'reports.Do your classmates' answerssurpriseyou? Why or why not?

eye contact

be basedon

amaztng

profession

fall (in love)

depressing

(loveat first)sight

get married

intense

survey

include make up

126 Chapter12 . Loue at First Sight

A group blind date in Seoul, Korea

All work dnd no pIdA mcukes Jack a d,ulll boy.

C

T

:

A university student'slife -American

saying

Using context clues

B

Y

:

Understandingtwo-word verbs Expressing causeand effect with so + noun/adjective+ that

I dull

not interesting; boring

. 127

A. How likelyis it2for a universityfreshmanto do each activitybelow? Check(/) your answers.Compareideaswith a classmate.

n n n n

r n n n

I

n n n

n n n n

a. get up early b. skipa class c. always do homework d. go to a club room

B. Scanthe readingon pages 129-130and completethe chart.

Title of the article: Names of people and pfaces in the article (Listthree more.)

appearsseveraltimesT Listthree more.)

9eoul,Korea

claos

Key words (What word

I think the reading is about

2 How likely

is it

How probable is it; How common is it

128 Chapter13 . A DaA i,n the Life of a Freshman

A D A Y IN T H E L IFE OF A FRESHM AN by ChangJae-Hyuk Chang Jae-Hyuk usrote thi,s story uhen he uas a uniuersity Iiue in antdaround Seoul. Wednesday 7:00 a.m.: I get up about seveno'clock in the morning. Since my friends and I have a group blind dateswith students from a women's university tonight, I take extra time to look my best. My mom calls me to eat brealdast, but I don't think I can. It's already 7:30 and I don't want to be late for my 9:00class.It takes me about an hour and a half to get to my university, so I hurry out. 8:00-9:00 a.m.: I take the bus to the subway station. There are so many people in the bus that I can't breathe. There is so much traffic that the bus can only crawl along.a Finally, the bus arrives at the 1 0 subway station. Unforbunately,there are a lot of people on the train and the air is stuffy. We finally arrive at Shinchon station and my university is now about a ten-minute walk away. I nur to my philosophy class so I won't be late again.I have alreadymissedthis classfour times. 9:00-11:00 a.m.: Thank goodness, I'm safe.The professorcomes 1 5 in just after me.5 But now I'm so tired from running that I can't concentrate.Then the personnext to me askswhat the homework is for our English class.That's right, there was English homework, but I forgot to do it! So I spendphilosophy class doing my English homework. English class is next. It seemslike English is one big mountain that 20 we all have to get over in our university days. If we want to get a decentjob, we haveto be really good in English. 11:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.: Aftertwo classesit's now 11:00,and I decide to go to my club room. Our club members spend their free time hanging out in that room. I chit chat6with my friends for a while and 25 then go to one of our school cafeteriasfor lunch. 3 a group blind date a date the writer and his friends have with a group of girls they don't lctow a crawl along move forward slowly 5 just after me a very short time after me 6 chit chat talk casually about unimportant things

. 129

2:00-5:30 p.m.: Now it's 2:00and I haveone more classat 3:00.My friends and I decide not to go to our 3:00class.I shouldn't do this, but we don't want to hurry to the women's university a.fterclass.Instead, we go to play some billiards until it's time to go. 30 5:30-10:30 p.m.: It's 5:30 in a co e shop in front of the university. AII four of us are excited and wonderingTwhat the girls will be like. About ten minutes later, four girls come in. Then the awkward time begins. We ask some questions and so do they. I find my dream girl sitting in the corner, but I don't have the gutss to speak to her. 35 Afber twenty minutes, it's time to choose our partners. We decide, at the count of three,eto point at the partner we would like to have. If a boy and a girl axepointing at each other, they become partners. One, two, three! My dream girl is also pointing at me! I spendthe eveningwith my partner having a wonderful time. Right 40 before we part, I ask for her phone number.If she givesme her number, that meansshe also likes me. And she does!I get home about 10:30.I'm very tired but really happy hoping that things go well with her.

After YouRead the

xt

A. Whats the reason?What reasondoes the author give for each of the statementsbelow? Circlethe bestanswer. | . In the story the author doesn't eat breakfast because a. he's not htrngry b. he's late for class c. he doesn't want to be late for class 2. He saysit's hard to breathe on the bus because a. there are a lot of people on the bus b. the bus movesvery slowly c. he had to mn to the bus station 3. He can't concentrate in his philosophy class because a. he missedfour classes b. he is very tired c. he gotto classsafely 7 wondering thinking about 8 the guts the courage e at the count ofthree aftersaying1,2,3 | 30

Chapter 13 . A Dag in the Li,Je of a Fresh,man

4 . He doesn'tgo to his 3 o'clock classbecause a. he wants to have lunch in the cafeteria b. he doesn't want to hurry to his group date c. he didn't do his homework 5. It's uncomfortable at the beginning of the group date because

a. the girls are late b. the boys and girls don't know each other c. the boys and girls are good friends B. Making inferences. Readthe statementsand check(/)True or False. True Fafse | . You can infer that the author doesn't enjoy his daily trip to school.

T

N

2. You can infer that the author listened closely to his philosophy teacher.

tr

n

3. You can infer that the author thinks it is important to study English.

n

tr

4. You can infer that the author is a serious student.

n

n

C. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. |. How would you describe the university freshman on pages 129-130?Make five sentenceswith words from columns A and B. Example:

shy friendly I think he is

I think he i,s shy becausehe doesn't haue the guts to speak to the girls.

skipsclasses. is often late to class.

cool foolish

doesn'tlistenin class. because does his homework in class. disorganized he spendstime with his friends. funny knows how to play billiards. doesn'thave the guts to speakto the girls.

.

l3l

2. The author of the article on pages I29-I30 says,"If we want to get a decentjob, we have to be really good in English." What reasons might he give for this? Add two reasonsto the list below. Engli,sh is necessaryfor getting a job because .. Ooumi,ght haue to send,an e-mail nxessagein Engli,sh

Reading Skifl Using context clues You can often guessthe generalmeaning of a difficult word by looking at the context-the other words in the sentenceor nearby sentences.In the examplesbelow, the underlined words help you guessthe meaning of the boldfaced words. Examples: The bus can only crawl along becausethere is a lot of traffic. The air is stuffy becausethe windows are closed. I can't concentrate on what the professor is saying becauseI'm so tired from running to class. A. Usecontextto guessthe missingwords. Circlethe correctletter. | . Severalpeople

becauseit was so cold yesterday.

a. didn't wear coats b. felt good c. got sick 2. I feel like I becausethere are so many people in the room and the windows are closed. a. can't breathe b. can't hear c. can't see 3. I ran to my class becauseI didn't want to be _ a. early b. late c. on time 132 Chapter 13 . A DaA i,n the Life of a Freshman

again.

4. The ground was -

becauseit rained aII night.

a. wet b.dry c. flat 5. I couldn't -

his face becauseit was so dark.

a. feel b. hear c, see B. Usecontextto guessthe general meaning of the boldfacedwords. | . Severalpeople fainted becauseit was so hot in the room. a. lost consciousness b. were happy c. hadfun

2 . I feel like I am suffocating becausethere are so many people in the room. a. arn able to breathe b. am not able to breathe c. arn able to relax 3 . I ran to my class becauseI didn't want to be tardy again. a. early b. late c. on time 4 . The ground was soggy becauseit rained all night. a.dry b. hot c. wet 5 . I couldn't make out his face becauseit was so dark. a. hear b. feel c. see

. 133

Buil Understanding two-word verbs Someverbs have two words. For example,put off,look after, and look up are called two-word verbs. The meaning of a two-word verb is different from the meaning of each word separately. Examples: r Our club membersspend their free time hanging out in that room. (hanging out = relaring) r You should say goodbyebefore hanging up the telephone. (hanging up = putting the telephonedaun) r HanS on for a minute while I look for my glasses. (hang on = wait) o I can't hang out the clothes becauseit's raining. (hang out - Ttut utet clothesoutd,oorsto d,ry) A. Readthe sentencesbelow and use contextto guessthe meaning of the boldfacedtwo-word verbs. l. I hear your brother is starting up a new business.Are you going to work for him? a. creating b. losing c. selling 2. My English teacher usually starts off class by telling a furury story. a. misses b. begins c. creates 3. Shewalked outside, started up her motorcycle, and left. a. turned on b. turned off c. turnedup B. Choosesix words from the readingthatyou want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 175.

| 34 Chapter 13 o A DaU i,n the Li,fe of a Freshman

Focus + nounladjective Expressing cause and effect with + that A causeand effect statement tells why something happens.We often use "so + noun/adjective + that" in a causeand effect statement.In the examplesbelow, the causeis boldfaced and the effect is underlined. . There are so many people on the bus that I can't breathe. (I can't breathe becausethere are so nxanApeople on the bus.) . There is so much traffic thatthe bus can only crawl along. (The bus can only crau:Lalong becausethere is so much traffic.) . I'm so tired that I can't concentrate. (I can't concentrate becauseI am uery ti,red.) A. Rewritethesesentenceswith so + noun/adjective+ that. Example:

I had to put my coat on becauseit was so cold inside. It uas so cold inside that I had to put my coat on.

| . It's hard to work becauseit's so hot.

2. I carr'tsleep becauseI drank so much coffee.

3. I can't take a vacation because I have so much work to do.

4. He fell asleep in class because he was so tired.

5. I was late to classbecausethere was so much traffic.

B. Completethesesentenceswith a possibleeffect. | . I'm so tired that I 2. Iate so much yesterdaythat I 3. He has so much money that he

4. It's so hot today that

. 135

Discussion &

iti

A. What do you do with friendsafterwork or school?Check(/) otten, sometimes, rarely, or never. Add one idea of your own to the list.

n

n

n

!

hang out at school with friends

n

n

n

n

hang out at a friends house

n

T

n

n

hang out in a coffee shop

n

tr T

n n

play billiards

I

n n

n

n

n

n

go to the movies with friends

n n

n

tr n

study with friends

tr-l U

n n

n

n

n

n

go shoppingwith friends

go on a group blind date

B. What are the three bestways to find a boyfriendor girlfriend? Check(/) your answers.Add one idea of your own to the list. tr go on a blind date (you and your date only) tr go on a group blind date E answer a personal ad !

placeapersonalad

tr join a club or group tr ask a friend to introduce you to someone n talk in an Internet chat room n hang out at a coffee shop

n Compareyour answerswith a partner.

136 Chapter 13 . A DaU i,n the Life of a Freshman

C. Write about a typicalday in your life.Answer thesequestionsin your writing: . When do you get up on a typical day? . How do you get to school or work? o Is your trip relaxing or stressful? a

What are three interesting things you do during the day?

a

When, where, and what do you eat on a typical day? Example:

On atvoiaal dav.l aet up at'723Oa,m,lt'akea ehower, ae-t Areased- and have breakfaol,lhen. I walkto lhe

)

aubwav and ,

cafeteria

breathe

shy

(go on a )date

go (well)

foolish

partner

hang out

dull

subwaystation

hurry

stressful

traffic

look my best

tardy

(a ten-minute)walk

miss(a class) point at take time

. 137

A beach on Lan Yu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, R.O.C.

There's no place like home.

C

T

:

T?aveldestinations -English

erpressi,on

Readingwords in chunks Using context to know if a word is a noun or verb Understanding -i,ng clauses 138 Chapter14 . GreatPlacesto Vi,sit

A. Chooseone photographon page l3B, 140or 141.Tella partner three thingsyou see. Example: In thepicture on page 140, I seea lot oJpeople, a lot of food,,and some tableswith botnlsof noodles. B . Scanthe readingon pages 139-141and completethe chart.

Title of the articfe: Names of peopfe and places in the article (Listthree more.)

appear severaltimes? Listthree more.)

Taiwan

markel

Key words (What words

I think the reading is about

Passage GREAT PTACES TO VISIT Each monfla, National Geogr hic Magazine osks an editor from one of its internati,onal editi,ons to ansuter the question, 'I[rhat are the best places to visit in your area of the world?" Yung Sltih Lee, the ed,itor o/ National Geographic Taiwan, thinks the sights below are sorne of the best places to ui,si,tin Tai,utan.Would,you like to ui,sit theseplaces?

. 139

Shih-lin Night Market "This market is the center of Taiwanese nightlife on the north side of ipei. It's very 1 0 different from the morning markets where people shop for food to cook at home. At the Shih-Iin Night Market, people show upl to have 1 5 a snack or drink, buy a few things, and just hang around.zLife really begins around 6 p.m. and can go on until three in the morning. On weekends the market is open even later."

Taroko Gorges "The word taroko means "beautiful" 20 in the languageof the Atayal people and that's exactly what the Taroko Gorge is. Visitors can take a train or a 3O-minute flight from Taipei to visit this natural wonder.a A l2-mile (192 5 kilometer) bus tour takes passengers through the gorge, making stops for riders to walk through man-made tunnelssor erqioythe scenicviews."

30

35

Lan Yu (Orchid Island) "This small island about 40 miles (60 kilometers) southeast of Taiwan is home to the native Yami people. It is one of the few places in Taiwan where the traditions of native people are still well preserved. Tourists can stay in island hotels or

Yami women dancins on Lan Yu

I showup arriveataplace 2 hang around stay in one place without doing anything 3 gorge a deep, narrow opening between two mountains a natural wonder something in nature that you admire 5 tunnels

holes throuqh mountains for cars or trains

| 40 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Vi,sit

40

45

arrangeto stay in a Yami family's home. Lan Yu is also home to many speciesGfound nowhere else in the world. Its beautiful coral reefsT are also great for scuba diving." The National Palace Museum lost the civil wars in the late "When the Chinese Nationalists imperial treasurese with them. the 1940s, they went to Taiwan, taking These treasures are now housed at the National Palace Museum in Taipei. It's the best collection of Chinese artifactsl0 in the world. So if visitors want to know more about the cultural heritageil of China, this is the place to go. However, it takes a few days to see the museum at a leisurely pace."12

6 species types of plants and animals 7 coral reefs lines of colorful rocks found in the sea 8 civil war a war between two groups in one country e imperial treasures valuable things that belonged to the empire L0 artifacts that are interesting because of their history things li cultural heritage traditions and achievements rz at a leisurely pace without hurrying

.

l4l

Understandi

the

xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circlethe bestanswer. l. This reading is primarily about a. beautiful places to visit in one city b. good places to visit in Taiwan c. good places to visit around the world 2. The author's purpose in writing this article was to a. give useful information about interesting places in Taiwan b. tell an interesting story c. help people understandthe history of Taiwan 3. You can infer that the National PalaceMuseum is a. small b. large c. new 4 . You can infer that Lan Yu (Orchid Island) a. has a lot of natural beauty b. is a crowdedplace c. is a modernplace 5 . In line 5 of the reading passage,the word sights means a. ability to see b. views c. places 6 . In line 17,the words go on mean a. continue b. leave c. get on

| 42 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Vi,sit

7. In line 33,the pronoun zf refersto -. a. Yamipeople b. Taiwan c. Lan Yu (Orchid Island) B. Consider the issues.Work with a partnerto answerthe questions below. | . Use the information in the reading and pictures on pages 140-l4I to complete the chart below. Then compare charts with a classmate.

Shih-lin Night Market

. Youcan have a snackor drink a

Youcan seea lot of people.

a a

The NationalPalaceMuseum

a

You can see lots of Chineseartifacts.

a a a

Lan Yu {Orchidlsland)

a a a a

TarokoGorge

a a a a

2. Use your notes from the activity above to answer these questions. a. Which of these places would be interesting to a young child?

whv? b. Which place would help foreigners understand life in Taiwan today? Why? c. Which place would be the most interesting to you? Why?

. 143

Reading Skiff Reading words in chunks We don't usually read a sentenceword by word. Instead, we read words in "chunks,"or groups.Readingwords in chunks makesit easierto understandthe ideasin a sentence. Example: . Readingword by word: It's / aery / di,ffirent /from / the / . . . Readingin chunks: It's uery differentfrom / the morning markets / uhere people shopfor food,/ to cookat home. Here are some common chunks of words: article + adjective + noun: the motning markets; the cultural heritage; the imperial treasures dependentclauses: where peoTtleshopforfood; that euerybodylikes infinitive + noun: to cookfood;to make a mistake prepositional phrases: at a lei,surelypace; in a restaurant verb + adverb: are now housed;Ieft qui,etly A. Readaloud eachpair of sentences one chunkat a time. Check(uz) the sentencethat soundsmore naturalto you. n la. When the / ChineseNationalists moved to / Taiwan, they / took the imperial / treasureswith them. d tn. When the ChineseNationalists / moved to Taiwan, / they took the imperial treasures/ with them.

n

2a. Visitors can take a train / or a 30-minuteflight/ from Taipei / to visit this natural wonder.

tr

2b. Visitors can / take a train or a 3O-minute/ flight from Taipei to /visit this natural wonder.

| 44 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Visit

n 3a. Life really begins / around six p.m. / and can go on / until three in the morning. n 3b. Life really begins around six / p.m. and can go on until / three in the morning. B. Readaloud the paragraphsbelow.Wheredo you pauseor takea breath?Mark each chunk of words with a slash(/). Usethe first paragraphas an example.Morethan one answeris possible.

Each month,Alational Geographic Magazine asks an editor/ from one of its international editions/to answer the question,/ What are the bestplaces to aisit/i,n Aour area oJ the uorld?/Yungshih Lee,/the editor of National Geographic Tbiwan,/thinks the sights belodare some of the best places to visiVin Taiwan. Would you like/to visit these places? Shih-lin Night Market "This market is the center of Taiwanesenightlife on the north side of Taipei. It's very different from the morning markets where people shop for food to cook at home. At the Shih-tin Night Market, people show up to have a snack or drink, buy a few things, and just hang around. Life really begins around six p.m. and can go on until three in the morning. On weekends the market is open even later." The National Palace Museum "Whenthe Chinese Nationalists lost the civil war in the Iate 1940s,they went to Taiwan,taking the imperial treasures with them. Thesetreasuresare now housedat the National PalaceMuseumin Taipei.It's the best collection of Chinese artifacts in the world. So if visitors want to larow more about the cultural heritage of China,this is the place to go. However, it takes a few daysto seethe museumat a leisurely pace.

Compareyour ideaswith a partner.

. 145

Buildin

cabufa

Using context to know if a word is a noun or verb Many nouns and verbs in English have the same form. For example, the wordhouse canbe both anoun and averb. You must use context to lcrow if the word is a noun orverb. Example: r They decided to house the imperial treasures at the National Palace Museum. ("HoLLse"is a uerb.) . Would you prefer to live in a house or an apartment? ("HoLLSe"is a noun.) Here are some cook e-mail place request

other words shop sleep steam

that you can use as a noun or a verb:

treasure visit walk

A. ln each question,is the word in italicsa noun or a verb?Circle noun or verb. | . Which of your possessionsdo you treasttre the most? (noun / verb) 2 . What shouldn't you pln ce on yow desk during a test? (noun / verb) 3. Where would yott house ten students visiting from another country?(noun/verb) 4. Did you make anystoTtson your way to classtoday? (noun / verb) 5. How often do you go for autalk? (noun/verb) (noun/verb) 6. Do you think it's important to get enoughsl,eep? 7 . Do you lcrow how to steomfish? (noun /verb) 8. Wheredo you sh,opfor clothes?(noun /verb) 9. What do you lanowhow to cook?(noun/verb) | 0. Wonldyou ratherlive inahouse or an apartment?(noun/verb) B . Pair work. Ask a partnerthe questionsin ActivityA.

c. choose six words from the readingthat you want to remember. Add them to your vocabularylog on page 175.

| 46 Chapter 14 . Qreat Places to Vi,sit

e Focus clauses Understanding -ing clausesto help readers form a mental picture of Writers use something.These clausesare conunon in descriptive writing. They are not common in spoken English. In each sentencebelow, the boldfaced words form an -ing clatse. Examples: . A bus tour takes passengersthrough the gorge,making stops for riders to walk through the tunnels. . When the ChineseNationalists lost the civil war, they went to Taiwan, taking the imperial treasures with them. A. Choosethe -ing clausethat best completeseach sentence.Write the numberof the sentence. Sentences 1. The plane crashed,

-ing claruse _ looking at each other.

2. The nuclear reactor exploded,

- taking her daughter with her.

3. The girls and boys sat around the table,

1 killing the pilot and flight engineer.

4. He cameto the meeting,

_ yelling "Charge!"

5. Shewent to the concert haII,

_ wearing his best suit.

6. The fans cheered,

_ leaking radiation into the atmosphere.

B. Rewriteeach sentence,using an -ing clause. | . Westood inside the room we built, and we felt a senseof fulfillment. Example:

Westood insid,e the room ue bui'lt, Jeeli'nga senseof fulfillment.

2. He stayedup all night, and watched TV. 3. Sheansweredher mobile phone,and held her hand over her mouth.

. 147

A. Think of an examplefor each type of placebelow be anywherein the world.

l. a naturalwonder Example: the United States

the Grand Canvon 2. a man-made wonder

3. a museum 4. a market

Shareideaswith your classmates. Example: The Grand Canyon i,n the United States i,s an erample of a natural wonder B. Choosea town or city in your country.ldentifythree good places to visitthere. TOWN OR CITY:

Exampfe: San Francisco

r ride a bike

r ptcnlc

Golden Gate Park

o rollerskate

. rent a boat

1.

a a

3.

| 48 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Visit

C. Write a short descriptionabout the placesyou chose. Example:

Great ?laaeetoVisit in

)an Franciaco

Thereare manv areat ee to vieit in )an Francieco. places )ne of mv favorite ia Golden Oat.e Zark.Youcan ride abike...,

collection

go on

natural

heritage

have (a snack)

man-made

island

lose (a warf

cultural

marKet

make {a stop)

museum

show up

(at a leisurely)pace

hang around

passengers sights specres treasures VICW

{a natural)wonder

- l+9

Chapter High school High schoolstudents in the United Statesare generally L4-L8years old. AII students in the United Statesmust go to school until they are 16years old. Here is a chart with more information about American high school students:

Freshman

l+-15

Sophomore

t5-16

Junior

l6-17

Senior

t7-18

Street sign Street signs teII people the names of streets they are on. In the United Statesand many countries around the world, you find street signs on street corners in most cities and towns. Street signs help police officers and ambulancedrivers find people'shouseswhen there are emergencies. Football In most countries,lfootballis a gamein which trvo teams of players kick a round, white ball into a goal. Americans, however, call this gameEoccer,not football.InAmeri,canfootball,two teamsof players throw, run, and kick a brown ball back and forth. Famous American football teams include the Dallas Cowboys,the San Francisco 49ers,and the New York Giants.

.

l5l

J

JWan, is an island nation in northeast Asia. The capital of Japan is Tokyo. About 25 million people live in and around the city. The population of Japan is about 127million. Japanhas the second largest economy in the world after the United States. People from Japan arc calledJaptoirlese,and the language they speak is also called Japanese.

London Lond,on is the capital of the United Kingdom, an island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom includes England, Scotland, Wales,and Northern lreland. About seven million people live in London. Potatoes br England, the United States, and other Western countries, many people eatpotatoes with dinner every night. French fries, baked,potatoes,andmash,ed, Ttotatoesare the most populax potato dishes in the United States. People eat potatoes with meat, chicken, and fish. P

Irr Englandand other countries,pzbs are casualplacesto eat, drink, and talk to friends. A favorite pub meal isfish and,chiTts.This is a meal of fried fish and potatoes that many people e4ioy with beer. In the United States,pubs are not common. ManyAmerican adults meet their friends for drinks at abar, and then go to a restaurant for dirurer.

L t:

152 . Culture and Language Notes

Internet With the Internet, you can find information on any topic. The Internet has thousandsof Websifes containing information about comparries,otgarizations, and people. If you want information about Taiwanesefood, for example,youWpe the words "Taiwanesefood" into a search engineltke Yahoo!Thesearchengineshows you many Websites with information on Taiwanesefood. Whenyou click on each of these Websites,you can read and learn about Taiwanesefood. chnology The Massanhu,setts Massachusetts Institute of Institute of Technologyis often called "MIT." It is located in Cambridge,Massachusetts,near Boston. MIT is one of the best and most famous universities in the world for students interested in science,engineering,and technology.There are about 10,000 students at MIT.

. 153

Chapter India Indi,a is located in southern Asia between Pakistan and Burma. India's coastline along the Arabian Seaand Bay of Bengalis 7000 kilometers long. More than one billion people live in India. The capital of India is New Delhi, which has apopulation of ten million people. Many Indian people speak English becauseIndia was once a British colony. Hindi, however,is the national language. C KFC is a popular fast food restaurant in North America, Asia, and other parts of the world. Many people think KFC servesdelicious fried,chicken. The original narneof KFC was Kentucky FNed, Chi,cken.Kentucky is a state in the easternpart of the United States.

154 . Cultrne and Language Notes

English-speaking country An English-speaking country is a country in which many or most people speak English. English is the olficial language, or one of the official languages,in an Englishspeakingcountry. Canada,England,Australia, and the United States are all English-speakingcountries. Canada Canada is the very large country north of the United Statesin NorbhAmerica. Thirty-one million people live there. The capital of Canadais Ottawa, and the largest cities are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.The official Ianguagesof Canadaare English and French. lunteer work Whenyou do uolunteerwork, you help other people, but you don't get paid. Many people do volunteerwork in schools, hospitals, and museums.For example,volunteers read books to sick people in hospitals or help teachersin a classroom. urist center At touri,st centers,you can find maps and other information about places you axevisiting. Most Iarge cities around the world have tourist centers that provide tourist information in many languages. Night club Anight club is a place where peoplego at night to meet friends, have drinks, and dance.Night clubs have a dance floor, while bars don't. Other names for night clubs are clubs or di,scos.You must be 21 years old to go to most night clubs in the United States.TWentyone is the legal drinking age in the United States.In Canada,the legal drinking age is 18years old in some parts of the country and 19in other par[s. Bartender Abartend,eris the man or woman who standsbehind the bar and servesdrinks at a night club, restaurant, or bar. Quarters Aquarter is a Canadian orAmerican coin with avalue of 25 cents.There are 100centsin a dollar ($1.00).Here are the names and values of the four common Canadianand American coins:

I c e n t{ S . 0 1 ) 5 cents{S.05)

I Ocenrs{5.t O1 2 5 c e n t s{ S . 2 S 1

. 155

Health professionals Health professionals are people who work in the medical field. Doctors, nu,rses)dentists, andpsychologists are all health professionals. Negative publicity A company getsnegatiue publi,ci,ty when something bad happensto its products, services,or employees.For example,a restaurant can get negativepublicity if someonegets sick after eating there.

many different towns and cities to sell his company'sproducts or services.Salesman refers to aman who sells things, while saleswomane refers to awomatn who works in sales.In the United Statesand other countries, the term salespersonis ofbenused.A salespersoncan be a man or a woman who sells things. Radiation Radiation happenswhen one object sendsheat or energy to another object. Heat radi,ationfromthe sun, for example,is heat sent from the sun to the earth. A cell phone sendsmi,crousaue radiation from the phone into the brain of the person talking on it. Many studies have shown that this radiation may be dangerousfor the brain. rning label A warning label is a small piece of paper on the outside of a product. This label tells people that the product may be dangerous.In many countries, there are warning labels on packages of cigarettes.The warning label on cigarettessold in the United Statessays:"WARNING:Cigarettesmoking is dangerousto your health."

| 56 . Culture and Language Notes

Everglades The EuergladesNati,onal Parkis a large area in southern Florida, near Miami. Much of this area is covered by water. The Evergladeslooks like a forest becausea lot of trees are growing there, but these trees are growing out of the water. People can take boat rides through the Evergladesto seethe beautiful trees, plants, and pink birds calledflami,ngos. First-class section Many planes have two sections - afirst-cl,ass secti,onand an econoTnAsecti,on.First-classpassengersenjoy better food and service than economy passengers.The first-class section also has larger seatsand more spacefor your legs.Larger planes often have three sections:first-class, bus'iness,and economy.The businesssection is more expensivethan economy,but cheaperthart first-class. Flight attendant F'l,ightattend,antsare responsiblefor your safety on aplane. They also servefood and drinks.Thetermfli,ght attendant is used for men and women. Here are some of the minimum qualifications to be a flight attendant with United Airlines, one of the largest American airlines. You must: . r . o

have aneat, conservative,professional appearance be at least 19years old have a high school diploma not be taller than 6'2" (1.83meters)

Safety tests Cars,planes,and ma.nyother products must passsafety testsbefore they are sold. Safetytests help companiesseeif products are safe for people to use. Companieswant to make sure people will not be injured by their products.

. 157

Chapter

::l

Volunteer Auolunteer is someonewho helps other people,but doesn't get paid. According to an American study called Giui,ng and Volunteeringin the United,States,56%of Americansdid volunteer work in 1999.The Japan BroadcastingCorporation reports that26o/o of Japanesepeople did volunteerwork in 1998. Philippines The Phi,Ii,ppi,nesis an island nation in southeastAsia. (Note: English speakerscaII this country thePhilippines.) Manila is the capital city. The population of the Philippines is 83 million, and 83%of the people are Roman Catholic. Peoplefrom the Philippines are called Fi,Iipinos. The country has two official languages:Filipino and English. Nishinomiya, J an Nishi,nomiya City is Iocated in the southeasternpart of Hyogo Prefecture in Japanbetween Kobe and Osaka.About 450,000people live in Nishinomiya. This city is famous for producing Pure Nada Sake.Sakeis a popular Japanesedrink. Negros Island, Philippines Negros Island is located in the southern part of the Philippines. About one million people live on the island. Negros Island is near Cebu,the famous island resort. Agriculture is the main activity of the people on NegrosIsland. They grow sugar, corn. coconut.and rice.

158 . Culture and LanguageNotes

Foreign baseball players Foreign baseballplayers are players who are citizens of one country, but play baseball in another country. For example, an American playrng baseball in Japan is a foreign baseballplayer. Venezuela Venezuelais a large country in South America. It is located on the CaribbeanSeaand North Atlantic Oceannext to Colombia. The capital of Venezuelais Caracas.TWenty-fourmillion people live in Venezuelaand the official languageis Spanish.Baseballis very popular in Venezuela. iwan Taiu;an, R.O.C. (Republic of China) is an island state located off the coast of southeasternChina. The population of Taiwan is about 23 million. Taipei is the capital of Taiwan and is located on the northern part of the island. Peoplefrom Taiwan are called Taiwanese.Mandarin Chineseis the official languageof Taiwan. Hot dogs Hot dogs are waxm red sausagesthat Americans eat at baseball,football, and other games.Peopleusually eat hot dogs in a piece of white bread calledaroll Many peopleptfiketchuTt, mustard,, and oni,onson their hot dogs. Popcorn Popcorn is a snackthat marryAmericanseqjoy at professional sports events,at the movies,and many other places.Popcornis white and light. Somepeople put butter and salt on their popcorn. Dominican Republic T}rreDominican ReTtubli,cislocated on an island in the CaribbeanSea.(Note: English speakerscall this cowftry th,e Dominican Republic.) SantoDomingo is the country's capital. About 8.5 million people live in the Dominican Republic.Peoplefrom this country are calledDominicans, and Spanishis the offlcial language. Merengue Merengueis averypopular Dominican dance.The man and woman dance close together.They move their hips from left to right. Merenguemusic is very fast and happy.Whenyou hear it, you want to dance.

. 159

Chapter Singapore Singapore is a small island nation next to Malaysia in Southeast Asia. About 4.5 million people live in Singapore. People from Singapore are called Singaporeans. Chinese and English are the official languages. Thailand Thai,land is a Iarge country in southeast Asia. The country borders Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. About 62 million people live in Thailand. The capital of the country is Bangkok. People from Thailand are called Thai.Their language is also called Thai. Central Conservatory of China The Central Conseraatory of Chi,na is one of the most famous schools for studying music in China. Royal College of Music Musicians from all over the world study at the Royal CoIIege of Musi,c in London, England. Young musicians, aged 8-18, study in the Junior Department at the college. Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) is one of the most important composers of classical music. Mozarl was born in Salzburg, Austria. He is called a chi,ld prodi,gy becatse he composed beautiful music and was a great piano player when he was only six years old. Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) was also achi.ld, prodi,gy and a great composer. Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg, Germany. Like Mozarb, Mendelssohn was an excellent composer and piano player when he was a young boy. Germany GennanE is Europe's richest country. With 83 million people, Germany has the largest population of all of the European countries. Germany borders nine countries, including France and Poland. The capital of Germany is Berlin. People from Germany axe called Ger"mans, and their language is called German, too. Music charts People look at musi,c charts every week to see which songs are the most popular. These charts are often called Top 20 charts because they list the twenty most popular songs for the past week. You can find Top 20 charts in magazines, newspapers, and on Web sites. In the United States, the most popular Top 20 chart is published every week by Billboard Billboard has Top 20 charbs for many kinds of music including pop, country electronic, and rap. | 6O . Culture and Language Notes

Chapter Three Mile Island There is a famous nuclear plant at ThreeMile Island, in Pennsylvania.Pennsylvaniais near New York on the east coast of the United States.Most Americans were afraid when they first heard about the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in 1979. Sincethe accident, Americans have discussedthe safety of nuclear power a lot. Nuclear power is still used in the United States. However, no nuclear power plants have been built in the United Statessince the Three MiIe Island accident in 1979. The Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formed in 1917afterthe RussianRevolution. It was a very large country between northern Europe and China. (Note: English speakerscall this former country the Soiet Union.) Nowadays,theformer Soui,etUnion includes many different countries, for example,Russia,Latvia, and Uzbekistan.

War II. World War II was fought between 1939and 1945.In this war, England,the Soviet Union, the United States,and other countries defeatedGermany,Italy, and Japan.

Chapter (None for this Chapter)

.

l6l

Seoul, Korea Seoulis the capital of the Republicof Korea.About 10.3 million people live in Seoul,one of the biggest cities in Asia. Seoulis the largest city in Korea, a country with a population of 47 million. People around the world learned a lot about Seoulwhen the 1988 SummerOlympic Gameswere played in that city. Thank goodness Many English speakersuse the expression Thank good,ness. They use this expressionto say they feel happy,lucky, or relieved. For example,if there is a car accident and no one is hurt, peoplesay,"Thank goodness!No one was hurt." Club members Studentsat schools and universities throughout the world join clubs.Clubsare groupsof peoplewho sharethe same interests. For example,students who like to study French canjoin a French club. The students in a club are called club members. Billiards Billiard,s is a gameplayed on a table with hard, round balls. (Note: The word billiards is always used with a singular verb: Billi,ards is fun.) There are severalforms of billiards gamesincluding pool and,snookers.Ineachof thesegames,you use a cue - or a long stick - to hit one ball againstanother ball. The goal is to send all of your balls into holes on the sides and corners of the table. Billiards was originally played in Europe more than 500years ago, but it is now popular all over the world. Coffee shop Acoffee shop is a casual and inexpensiveplace to get coffee and a snack or a meal. Coffee shops are popular places at which students all over the world hang out. On many American university carnpuses,you can find coffie shoTts,snack bars, ice cream shops,and./orfast food restaurantslike McDonald'sor KFC.

| 62 . Culture and Language Notes

Chapter The National Geographi,c Society is National Geographic Magazine the world's largest non-proflt organization for science and education. Every month, this society publishes amagazine with beautiful photographs and articles about people, animals, and interesting places from all over the world. National Geographic is published in many different languages, including Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. ipei Taipei is the capital of Taiwan, Republic of China, an island off the coast of southeastern China. About six million people live in and around Taipei. From the city, you can see mountains to the north, in Yangmingshan National Park. Taipei is a busy and exciting city Icnown for its friendly people and excellent food. ayal The Atayal people live in northern Taiwan. They are one of the nine tribes or groups of people who have lived on the island of Taiwan for hundreds of years. Many Atayal people live inside the Taroko National Park, about 40 miles (64 kilometers) from Taipei. The men are good hunters and the women are excellent weavers. Yami "Ihe Yami, people have lived on Lan Yu (Orchid Island) for thousands of years. The people still live very traditionally with no cars, banks, or other signs of modern life. The Yami men wear silver helmets on their heads. The men with the largest helmets are the richest men in the group. The Yami people also build beautifi-tl wooden boats. It often takes three years to build these boats because they have so much beautiful design and decoration. In the late 1940s,there was a civil war in China Chinese Nationalists between two groups: the Communists and the Nationalisfs. Chiang Kai-Shek (1887-1975) was the leader of the Nationalists. When Chiang and the Nationalists lost the war in China, they were forced to Ieave. They went to Taiwan, where Chiang became the leader. He led Taiwan from 1949 until his death in 1975.

. 163

164 . Mws

East

sia

. 165

North

erica

Gulf of Mexico

PACIFIC OCEAN

0

#

0

200

400miles

200 400 klometers

166 . Mws

- 167

Present (be) arn/is/are bring buy come cut do drink drive eat fly fall feel get give go grow have hear keep Iose make meet put quit read ride run see sell set sit sleep speak spend take teach tell think weax write

Past was, were brought bought catne cut did drank drove ate flew feII felt got gave went grew had heard kept lost made met put quit read rode ran saw sold set sat slept spoke spent took taught told thought wore wrote

| 68 . Irregular Verbs

Past Participle been brought bought come cut done drunk driven eaten flown fallen felt gotten given gone grown had heard kept Iost made met put quit read ridden run seen sold set sat slept spoken spent taken taught told thought worn written

;.

Chapter New word in context

My example

Example: Somesci,entiststhink that sleepl I thi,nk taking o walk helps reli,euestress. helps the bodg to relieue stress.

I 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

Their warm welcomemad,e

My example I I d,on'tfeelat easewhen I'm taking a test.

me feel at ea,se.

I 2 3 4 5 6

. 169

New word in context

My example

Example: It seemed,likelAthat computers I It seemsli,kelEthat we'llJi,nish this book. u:ould, replace books.

I 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context

Example: to sauemoneuonfood

I 2 3 4 5 6 l7O . VocabularyLog

My example I I need,tosauemonegformg tri,pt.

New word in context Example: I nracticed speaking English.

My example I I need to practice giuing speeches.

I 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

My example

Phone companies are wovvied I I sometimesworry about mnking a nistakc. about the negati,ue pub\i,city.

I

2 3 4 5 6

- 17l

New word in context Example: Theman ignored,theflight

My example I I don't like it uhen peopleignore me.

attendant.

I

z 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

The people helped us appreciatel the nxore ualuable things in life.

I 2 3 4 5 6 172 . Vocabulatry Log

My example I appreciate what I haoe.

New word in context Example:

The behaui,orof baseballfans is uery differentJrom counfu

My example I My teacher hns neuer critici.zed. my | behaaior in clnss.

to countT'!/.

I

z 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

She had, to concentrate on just

My example I I need,to concsntrate an getiirq a jtb-

one instmtme:nt.

I 2 3 4 5 6

. 173

Chapter New word in context Example:

ThreeemploEeesaccidentallv poured, too much ura,nium into a tank.

My example my telephone. I I accidentally d,ropped,

I

2 3 4 5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

We mad,e eAe contact and my heart began to beal lasler.

I

2 3 4 5 6 174 . VocabularyLog

My example I I d,on't like to make eAe conta,ct lDi,th I strangers.

Chapter New word in context Example:

My unioersity is rnw about a ten-m'inute walk away.

My example I Mg schnol i,s aJine-mi,nute utolkfrom the I subwag-

I

2 3 4

5 6

Chapter New word in context Example:

At the Shih-lin Night Market, people show upt to haue a snack or a d,rink.

My example I like to haae a snach before I go to bd,-

4

. 175

Ch ter 1 blurry dangerous effects (of) experiment find out go without have (trouble) imagine normal pass (a test) reasonable recover (from) spend (time) stress Chapter 2 advice alone delicious do (research) get usedto have (a party) impressions middle-class rcalize reasonable reply select worry about treat (someone)like Ch ter 3 anumber of appeax cheaper comfortable computers convenient electronic entirely experts instantly 176 . VocabulotryInder

(the) Internet inventions likely perTnanent press preview replace similar (to) technology Chapter 4 businessperson company dream earn end up fail to (work) hard hope impress impress' improve job lose (money) manager own profit profitable (money) s start out succeed success successful successfully wonder Ch ter 5 communicate disappointed emba;rrassed experience have (trouble) pronounce

respond response strangely unfortunately volunteer (do) volunteer work Chapter 6 agree amount blame concerned convenient cool danger harmful health means popular potentially radiation retire sofbly suffer use wise wisely Ch ter 7 aircraft crash die empty flight attendant ignore ill land passenger pilot remove shocked spot strict usual vanish

Ch ter 8 appreciate be involved in care about (a) close (relationship) fulfillment generously grow up incomplete keep (in touch) lifestyle make (a difference) message offer organization relationship sense uncomforbable unhealthy valuable volunteer Ch ter 9 behavior boring catch up on chat with cheer common fan Ioud ruIes screaln tradition yell Chapter l0 advanced audience combine competition concentrate on creative decision describe

. 177

director experiment with gifted (an) instant (success) perform talented win (aprize) Chapter 11 accident accidentally atmosphere come true depend on energy environmental explode go wrong horrible injury melt necessary pollution react reaction result from safety measures source take away terribly Ch ter L2 anazing be basedon depressing eye contact fall (in love) get ma"rried include intense make up profession Qove at first) sight survey 8i; qi

i; ;i,

178 . VocabwlatuInd,er

Ch ter 13 breathe cafeteria (go on a) date duII foolish go (well) hang out hutry look my best miss (a class) partner point at shy stressful subway station take time tardy traffic (aten-minute) walk Ch ter14 collection cultural go on hang around have (a snack) heritage island leisurely lose (a war) make (a stop) man-made market museum natural (at a leisurely) pace passengers show up species sights treasures view (a natural) wonder

Oxford UniversityPress

lsBN0-19-437700-8