Persönliches Change Management: Neue Berufswege erschließen, planen und gestalten

Joachim Studt Persönliches Change Management Joachim Studt Persönliches Change Management Neue Berufswege erschließe...

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Joachim Studt Persönliches Change Management

Joachim Studt

Persönliches Change Management Neue Berufswege erschließen, planen und gestalten

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar.

1. Auflage 2010 Alle Rechte vorbehalten © Gabler | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2010 Lektorat: Irene Buttkus Gabler ist Teil der Fachverlagsgruppe Springer Science+Business Media. www.gabler.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Umschlaggestaltung: KünkelLopka Medienentwicklung, Heidelberg Druck und buchbinderische Verarbeitung: MercedesDruck, Berlin Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-8349-1828-4

Für Philipp und Alexander, Benjamin und Jan-Niklas, meine Söhne, denen ich unendlich viele Erkenntnisse zum Thema Berufswahl verdanke und natürlich die Neugier,

herauszufinden, was jemand wirklich „drauf“ hat.

Ich wollte ja nichts als das zu leben versuchen, was von selber aus mir heraus wollte. Warum war das so schwer?

Hermann Hesse Demian 1917

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Inhalt Vorwort ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 13 Teil I: Lebensplanung und berufliche Identität – der rote Faden beruflicher Biografie .................................. 23 1. Wurzeln beruflicher Befähigung – worüber Erwachsene nur staunen können .................................................. 23 1.1

Das kreative, selbstversunkene Spiel des Kindes zeigt überdauernde Anlagefaktoren ................................................................... 23

1.2. Ohne Talent wird aus dem Klavierspieler kein Pianist – ohne Förderung bleibt höchste Begabung Mittelmaß .................................... 25 1.3. Wille hebt Leistungen zu den Sternen empor: Die Olympiade der Rollstuhlfahrer........................................................................ 31

2. Reifung des Berufswunschs – der Konflikt mit dem Erwachsensein ............................................................................................ 32 2.1

„Wie der Vater so der Sohn“– vom historischen Bedeutungswandel der beruflichen Identität ................................................... 32

2.2. Zwischen Rebellion und Integration: Der Modellcharakter wichtiger Bezugspersonen ............................................ 37 2.3

Die Freiheit des Lebensplans birgt zunehmend die Qual der Wahl ....................................................................................................... 39

3. Vorläufige Berufswahlentscheidung mit lebenslanger Laufzeit? ......................................................................................40 3.1

Von der Schwierigkeit, autonom zu entscheiden .............................................40

3.2

„Wenn sie klein sind, gib deinen Kindern Wurzeln, wenn sie groß werden, gib ihnen Flügel!“ ......................................................... 41

3.3

Der Zufallsfaktor: Ein Plädoyer für die persönliche Flexibilität .................... 45

3.4

Leben zwischen Pflicht und Kür: Was Mitarbeiter privat leisten ................................................................................ 45

10

Inhalt

Teil II: Die eigene Laufbahn auf dem Prüfstand: Wo geht es weiter? 1. Wendepunkte beruflicher Identität

.............................................. 49

................................................................... 49

1.1

Vom konkreten Anlass zur Bedürfnisspannung ................................................ 49

1.2

„Arbeiten, um Geld zu verdienen, um dann das zu tun, was man wirklich tun möchte?“ ............................................................................54

1.3

Wer nicht wagt, wird auch nicht aufbrechen! ................................................... 56

1.4

Soziale Rollenmuster – Stützen oder Bremsen? ................................................60

2. Auf der Suche nach der eigenen Kompetenz: „Woher weiß ich, was ich kann und weiß?“ .............................................. 65 2.1

Das persönliche Wissensmanagement................................................................. 65

2.2

Sei dein eigener Mentor! ........................................................................................ 70

3. Im Ozean der Kompetenzen und keinen Rettungsring dabei?....................................................................................83 3.1

Von Lotsen und anderen Wegbegleitern ............................................................83

3.2

Die Vereinbarung mit dem Wegbegleiter ...........................................................86

Teil III: Berufliche Reiseziele oder: Wie man seinen Koffer packt .................................................. 91 1. Wohin soll es eigentlich gehen?.............................................................................. 91 1.1

Wie komme ich auf meine Trauminsel? ............................................................... 93

1.2

Die saubere Zielbestimmung .................................................................................. 95

1.3

Ziele sind wie Fixsterne ............................................................................................ 97

1.4

Darauf kommt es an: Laufbahnplanung in zehn Schritten .......................... 101

2. „Na wunderbar, aber das traue ich mir nicht zu!“................................... 107 2.1

Die Angst vor der eigenen Courage: Komplexität und Unsicherheit .............................................................................. 107

2.2

Unsicherheit ist ein Alarmsignal .......................................................................... 110

2.3

Wege zu einer gestärkten Handlungsfähigkeit............................................... 111

Inhalt

11

3. Exkurs: Networking ...................................................................................................... 116 Gastbeitrag von Andreas Heuberger 3.1

Was ist Networking ................................................................................................. 116

3.2

Jobs via Netzwerke .................................................................................................. 118

3.3

Die Heimliche Herausforderung: Loyalität ....................................................... 119

3.4

So finden Sie Ihre Position im Loyalitätsnetzwerk eines Unternehmens ................................................................................................ 121

3.5

Networking im Wandel........................................................................................... 122

3.6

Was ist ein Netzwerk-Experte bzw. wie kann man einer werden?............................................................................................................ 123

3.7

Welche Voraussetzungen helfen beim Netzwerken? .................................... 124

4. Exkurs: Wissensmanagement und Demografiewandel ....................... 127 4.1

Wissensmanagement und berufliche Selbstgestaltung ............................... 127

4.2

Das Vakuum zwischen den Generationen......................................................... 128

4.3

Der „New Deal“ bei der Laufbahnplanung ....................................................... 129

4.4

Demografiewandel und „Einstellungs“-Veränderungen in der Personalpolitik .............................................................................................. 131

5. Angekommen! Angekommen? ............................................................................. 133 5.1

Was ist erreicht?........................................................................................................ 133

5.2

Die Erkennungszeichen für Ihren Erfolg ............................................................ 134

5.3

Zielrevision: Welche Rolle spielen Beziehung und Partnerschaft? ................................................................................................... 135

5.4

Der Weg ist das Ziel ................................................................................................. 136

5.5

Schlussbemerkung ................................................................................................... 137

Weiterführende Literatur ................................................................................. 139 Der Fragebogen ........................................................................................................... 141 Die Übungen .................................................................................................................... 143 Über den Autor............................................................................................................. 155

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2. Reifung des Berufswunschs

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2. Auf der Suche nach der eigenen Kompetenz „Nein, nein, das ist kein Problem, ich freue mich auf die neue fachliche Orientierung, ich komme wieder zurück zu dem, was mich wirklich erfüllt, ich benötige keine Führungsaufgaben, um mich zu verwirklichen. Meine Frau ist ebenfalls einverstanden mit dem beruflichen und örtlichen Wechsel.“ Es bleiben Zweifel. Und die Gefahr einer erneuten Fehlbesetzung. Beispiel 2: Da ist die brillante Aufsteigerin. Hoch intelligent, mit besten Sprachkenntnissen (Englisch, Französisch, Spanisch, Weißrussisch); hat sich längere Zeit im Ausland aufgehalten und dort auch gearbeitet. Sie ist von der Schulausbildung mit vorgezogenem Abschluss über ein ultra-kurzes, erfolgreich abgeschlossenes Studium der Betriebswirtschaft und Rechtswissenschaften zunächst in einem Großunternehmen als Assistentin des Vorstandes eingestiegen. Es folgten in schneller Abfolge verschiedene Berufungen auf Posten im In- und Ausland, Herausforderungen, die die ganze Person mit vollem Risiko des Scheiterns beanspruchten. Unter anderem sollte eine Unternehmenseinheit unter schwierigsten Bedingungen restrukturiert werden, die kurz vor der Auflösung stand. Mit klarem Blick, klugem Sachverstand und der nötigen Härte, sich durchzusetzen, bestand sie alle diese Aufgaben mit Bravour. Dann landet sie auf einem verhältnismäßig konventionellen Führungsposten im Top-Management, anfangs mit großem Einsatz und Spaß an der Sache. Hier braucht sie nicht lange, um gründlich durchzufallen. Sie stößt auf zunehmenden Widerstand, der sich darin äußert, dass sie von einigen mit System ausgebremst, behindert, vorgeführt, von anderen mit eisigem Schweigen bedacht, geradezu gemieden wird. Ja doch, sie hat ihre Erfolge. Operativ gesehen erreicht sie ihre Ziele: kostenmäßig ist die Firma auf Vordermann, die Zahlen stimmen; aber der Preis ist menschlich inakzeptabel hoch. Schließlich bricht sich die Aggression offen Bahn: Von den Betriebsräten über die engsten Kollegen bis in verschiedene Interessengruppen hinein wirft man ihr offen Führungsunfähigkeit vor. Sie gehe über Leichen, verhalte sich blind und gefühllos für die berechtigten Interessen der Menschen in ihrer Umgebung und nutze jede Gelegenheit, ihre Macht auf Kosten anderer auszuspielen. Es bleibt ihr keine Wahl, als den Rückzug anzutreten: Sie legt ihr Amt nieder und verlässt das Unternehmen.

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2. Auf der Suche nach der eigenen Kompetenz deutlich wie möglich vor Augen: Was sehen Sie, was hören Sie, wie genau können Sie die äußeren Umstände beschreiben, welche Menschen sind anwesend, was wird gesagt, wie tritt man Ihnen gegenüber“ (Auszug einer Fantasiereise zu den eigenen Moments of Excellence)

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3. Im Ozean der Kompetenzen und keinen Rettungsring dabei? 3.1 Von Lotsen und anderen Wegbegleitern Start-Veranstaltung der Arbeitsmarkt-Initiative „Arbeit durch Management/PATENMODELL“ (pia) „Die Arbeitsmarkt-Initiative „Arbeit durch Management/PATENMODELL“ eröffnet in Frankfurt das erste Büro in Hessen und stellt es am Montag der Öffentlichkeit vor. Stadträtin Daniela Birkenfeld begrüßt die Teilnehmer dieser Veranstaltung. Ziel des Projektes ist es, Arbeitsuchende individuell und professionell bei ihrer Jobsuche zu unterstützen. Die bundesweite Initiative des Diakonischen Werkes setzt auf bürgerschaftliches Engagement und wendet sich an Manager, Führungskräfte und Personalentscheider in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, die zur Übernahme einer so genannten Jobpatenschaft bereit sind. Sachkompetenz, Kontakte in die Wirtschaft und Erfahrungen im Personalbereich bringen diese Job-Paten in ein kompetentes, zielführendes Coaching ein. Die Schirmherrschaft hat Oberbürgermeisterin Petra Roth übernommen. (Internet-Pressemitteilung, September 2009, http://www.patenmodell.de/startseite-hessen/frankfurt)

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Teil III: Berufliche Reiseziele oder: Wie man seinen Koffer packt 1. Wohin soll es eigentlich gehen? Ursprünglicher Berufswunsch Kerntechniker – verwirklichte Berufswahl: Hersteller von technischen Gerätschaften & Apparaten für Sado-Maso-Anbieter(„Lustlos – die Erotik-Industrie in der Krise“, Vox, 19.04.09)

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