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ex homilii. in ,\ct~ ."'~)''''''n''n Conu)lCnlarii in Rom .."". Frogmrma e~ \JI I Co •. F'ogmc"t~ <x comm~"t. rii, tIl Ephc,io> F'agm,·"ta ill I lcb'"""" Exhort"t;" " cl :\Ianyri)lm De Om,ioue De Priocil'ij, (I'. KO.. E. Aa" c."d}i"'''m Ot1 ..bl;'h«1 the lint mdical do" l" ..bo", ,lte ,'ery exi"ent't of ,in ... . T lci, proolem 'wwr e.:........ uffll reali,)", ,ime 1"01"" " au ",·.., i'"e collaption. ~I.di,,,,jon "I"'n it ,le",.",!! iu,,().. '1lrcu"e .xp"ri,'"'''' ",>e fa, .,eadE"t tlo an ,h •• of time. A, tloe ti,u'e> '''' e"en,i.1 demem of an entire phiJo.oph)" a"d oI ooruu8 )~ )" ;,,,lou,,. aU !he ,;,0] l',"I~,ic. l and ",;""nlial a";· ,,,de . Ho,,' I" Ii,'c, ..-hal , if all)" i. 'h e 1''''1-'''' of i,,11 ,10",,, ...-" joo"nd hy 'he ""y cone"ph"'] of ,Ull'. '00. '11,,, eJo. """ ~_ "".ti.o agoim< Orir . Clri wrote OD Af"/
SZ. ,,,,", ~ Sueoate>. ~".,," /I"..." UI ), f.",f-", ... 1/. - w(k .. .G.' \'1.)3, for "'"''"'" on"'" f'«' .". hi, , ." ,...; oo..~, ~OOIt, '" "" U as m,· ""-f'ffi lOt to, .....)' unde,· t.iling _i.",I )· ,.,.,..". ... , Ut ""', booIo. , cr R_ It"" .... ,..w"..,. - ' f;"'" I.......... , 1959, 1'1'_ 369f[ • er. c , BW1:, 7'" Cft1ic o ell"""'" ..red each "'her. all ,h l! at a .i",,, ,,'beb (he Rom~n P~np;", ,",'"" in a poworli,l period "fiu hi""r)". Conlm.-,,"';C'. - Uellmi"ic ,hnugh' a"d C"O>lid.m in a Chri"i,o" ganncm , Urigcn f""",1 lu,",,,,lf iu ,be lO ud" of ,hi. ,-,,,iety of n::~gi"u,. phil". ""V hiod "nd exi.!'eb,iaJ ""ilu,le.. h i. ,h'felOn' >ignition" I . ' Mlk"e~ . c.,,,,,i,,)y he "'.. a copoo, ..Tiler. ranking anlOng ,he mos' prolifoc "'ri,,-,s of 'hc C h",d, ,-,'cr '0 appear. The 'Iu.", io". h""".-cr, i, lioi~ W"' il a m'Her of koww¥ Thi, ;, ' he crit ;';al que,uo", which hrins> to the corph)' ,,"" ,u.able I thrO\lgl' hi' """n ,·n""""m~b1. Sub"-~l"cml~. no m~" 'o,dd . ,,,,io '0 '·;'--'u'· ~ "d h.p. pine .. if "" ,-"li ;n a nJI"'n~"u r.'1 '>OI'...,-,'b;bl< world wa, alread-,- I""';,cd by I'llt" 'lKl Wc A,i>IOIdia" ,uouo,h"i,l11 .
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, l!.eru!e •. the Stoic ethi", h ad ahadr ."al~ "hed i" """n lTa(ii';oll. All 'ho.c wcre cloIl1O:"''' of n P"'" "ill echoing, '" " peri.x! wbeD 1""",1,· ,,'"'''' ori1,· no! thruugh the p'''''''''' of in,dle11.,1iani,y al,,1 phil""'ph)": ,h;' ph<nomeuon ,.-"" to pro a ,;..'" of lim~. "hieh should I.., in n",.. "'i,h th e Chri";.,, l>cc" of;, "" all ;11(I;.]>c"",1>1< ]>"'.U)'I",,;,;on for uD,icr""",ling doC\·idoncr, ,,·hicb after ,JI i. "'pl>orti,'>O uf ,igui6cant eorol· la,ie,. 1b ..... the .,.hole qu,,"tion . hould I", ,a tl<Engo. or comply ,,;,It ,,-ha' rrc]\(" ,~lcd priJl(:ir'~1 ';<ed' of ,bi. thOughl, ,uch .. Origtn·. concqnion "f ,ime. 1I, "ppn~,d,I " ,h;" "" ,here are poim, ~ntcia"r inl'o""i ng ,he conc",,,ion nf ,i tue; ),0' ' hc)" "PIICar ' 0 tIC 're~,ed ,,;,1. ,,"or Lt u""-.re,,e", of their Tltomen!o,", 'igllif\C~"ce. So",e =''''ple' tr.,qu,,,,l), "wearing in thi' ""1>
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,,-hich ;" not all too ea.)", ojn"" ther. ae< not.., many paraUd. in bOIh G "ek and l.atin: "" her. I oed "nd commeo,ed in 'he ligh, of,~ m~"!'I of Orig , 1\I,b(Ougb i, h", to.,.,o ;u};\,,'d 'h~ t ll"'<e i. 0\0 ,egic~ 1 .",1 linguistic con,;derAti"n, ....., m to> mc 10 '"lW''' the (1'1'",i,< , I I'O>;'J~"'< r"tjOll 011 ch;, IlOint llutil • nex' work of noi"e . •illCC ill thi' tIT"';'" tbi, ]lO;u, pia).. no (I""jsi,'" ...,1 br as ,,')' 'opic ;s ro,,,,.. ,,,,-d, of "' I"" ;, ""le,1 in th ., wor' , he", i, nothing to ~PI",al to, or d;"pUlC_ 11,,,,"w,,r, ,I>< fact ,Iw in ~II hi, "ri,;,,!(\Of>hical aJl(1 thwlogical implic", ;",... In hi. Commo n"' ..... ()n 'he Epi,clco of I'aul. he oftell gtJC" . , far"" to ,10 wh.~t he talb ,;~o."Wo:li"S ,he di,i,,,, Scrif""'''', lod lang>Jag". be poin o; 0", 'h'" i, i, " la,],: 't" d~ar up I)", homon)'ni IOffiOo:.,f>OV", ;)~","""ia;). ·Il,i. notion i. frC"" ( 111) Ih"i~ ,,,,rn,' ill 0. I; cr. """""'". I. & G. K..rn,· poill" _. "la citorioo m ... Ariorotk n',,, f'B nomm Ihm he ~"". 1"""0 ,, ),111' hilll.df U, ""ler (0 conch loj, 0'-" """"'1,rio"" Tbj, f,.et, al,hough tugbl)'
,k,e<m''';''l! ,h, """,p",hcnsion of hi .• though" h~, 1)0' 1>01''ioe of ",hm ,he P"""gg 10 hi, 'hought. it ha, bee" In) pr.ct;c. '0 1.,,1· mr "i",,~ n,,1 only by mca"" f ",feren"" tv 'i,Leo and ohap,or>, bUI to le' OrigCC, to ' ime. Origt·,,·, ,",,'eem t" b" ",,,,urat. ill """d""g h., ,.;,,,.. i, c\;'~"H , 0" th i. '1>ccitic tOpH: thollgh ,he,e i. a particular ,lillicult), facillg bill" he lIlO\\"' tha'. ill onier 10 'rc~' ,hi. '1","",io". b"guage i, inade'1"ate to e~I"~" 'he reali,)" of , h. b.i "S of God, henc~ hi' cu,mnru C",,'''''''' fu' aeeu""'l can"o, be fulmlc-d , 11", ,,, ,.;,, ,."awn i, ,I"" the ten"", of "c,l", "'" .h."y. I'lael)" ,xp,."",,, all action or a I",,,,iol rJocr UI a ccn,,", woo; u"" . 1"","0 The'" .. goor:l r,,,',,," ,hen fOr I,,,,ning 'he u'" of '",,,', or '"ill he'. or "Wll "i". "hen ",,,,,ring 10 'he di,;"" bc';"g. W he'''-~''r Ong.,.., ~~~. ; ''''''''lmp"I'' :\Dd CXpla;lIS: "n c ' ",,,,,' I~~~V ,ofc,rillg '0 Goo dO'O" I ,t:lnd beoo~, to ..lr, yet CU1",;"U,J)", IlCC" U!OO of 'he lil11i,,,,11'0'01l1i.1 or lwgu,gc 10 <Xl''':;' ".h.~, i, bej"o"d l"'g'llagt. Thi....""ccl), ,lte po;'" ,,,a,l< he",. " ThI: '·eT) lo.·ill~ f guOr.ili,y. lu rcfen:IIC0" ,ha' he do,," nlICnlw l ".!u", Iro 0, Und of ' ..... n••• """ 1».' C', ,hi, I~' nO "tea'" could ,nean ,10", ,Irj, j"'rc"l>,ion appli.. '0 Himself, ,[,h i, ";"'" con'ti,,, .... , • 'Q,:lIif"anI cunt,..~,t ,,-ilh I~;t,,,ni,,n and ;""'pia,unj"TI . Thi, i, al", • r,.eC1 of Orige n'. ,h""gl" ,h.t ha. boo", widd-,- "'''" ude ..,ood, J ..h:ill then dwcU 0", ,hi. I>oir" ir, ord~r '0 ,uake it clear ' hrough ..-onl, of hi' 0"'0 , I" Ob it i, "ttin,wd ,10;"
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lie. ,h;' ,,,pr~,j()O, i. ,h" fll,bm~u'al \'i~,"' d~" ' be cvu""!,' i"u, of 'he Sou bt.:O>M, which iruplie. ,he ",o.,i,·o act of God , Thi, ;" ' he crt;on, . "ch as thl. 'e", of ..... orri.· "pl><ar :os " ie"" of 'he "' aiJ"',....~'" srbol""It;p. ",hkb ' 1'P',a ... be de«nninU"K ~;u,"r" Iht'mk or N"'plat""ic perreption in O, il«·n'. thoogl" ,,,-tophically ' he "''''tn n< of O rigcn i, • 'puhe,i, ..,f I>]"tunic, An>to,e];"I\, and S,..,ic ekment" ";lh Ihe 1 of we l.og... .' Ceno.inly it i; uu"ly hard t.. od,unbra,e , hi! re:.Li,). ,,,,ee ,h i; i, ,he di,''''· I;J, ' i,self h is "Snific:",!. " ,·,,,,th.,. ".~., ,h., then: ;" a I",n.·epli..,n uf a ,1iJI~ "'fo" , "'hal did G",I c .... "I< i" th< begi:mu',g? O ul)' Qnce ,he an""c, to , hi, q",,,tiOtl i, colnl'rehemk- Ihe material world.
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• - ; . . . . 20, 11 , ,.,-. a 1'G . 17. 1 ~~ . r . """'...,."" ,I ... '" OrigI~,,,Jd be lwod«l o,-,-c.,od c», ,"-.y [,"''' '"" r=. He ,,;11. '" '0 ,4< 0" ,h., UICc. on 'he Myi,,!! 'a"d God "'\\ ,hat it ",'"" good'. " He I>oio" ou, tha, this ",f. ha.
-.,, 0.", _ " "kar 1 ,ba, ha,,, "'u how each of 'he ,hillg> dIal h.,·e I~'"" mad. ,,"'" ;:000. F" .. ,I" , d..·cl h,ked 1 of e~ch cr' tl.., oon"i""i,'o c.""," mal. ".ci,·"",,· to ""01"" ami 10 h" tran,foml ")",, did O 'iglc' , ami thc 'ca " h' "'.. ' iD\-i~_ hlo ,wd uubuil" IN n,:; l"i'i ofirs 010" d11 , ''',od God .. w th ~' ".«, good'" d,i,'8' which aff "I'pt.,.ro tu ,l,e ;;Un" "'" guo.1 plo«, is Lh., ",. ,,-ill "" doul • • 60 """i w .imiLorly ill 0)", I",.,-eni), re>Jm . ,\,~i ,)", "P""ie "')~ ,h.t '''0 one;, CTO>1 i, ""-,..., i> rn' · deTt, ,hould tome imo t,.·jug i. kIIo,,''''o G",I "Ion. _ For f ;od does "othi"g 0\ , "~iJ) or " i,h _ "''' ...,,<SO,,: ",... " cl,,, r:dfu'g of. " ""U ,Ioc, 1101 'ake pia'," "-i,1,0,,, (;.>f'stmtJl im/m"",,1 be ing. Jo 1he ""SI"" of 11..- "",Id tll ., co ,,,,;,,a" what ,..;os crea,ed , It " .." I're'.;&.,) to bri,%
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of him. Thi. i.... hy Christ 'i, 1101 ' ho ,amc ",'hen h ~ io named "pon go< ;, I\'.. dom h,,""lf nmuii i. thi" do all ,bc cOllc,ion. of Chri" make "'''''" "' hclI God i, colJCo"'d bo· an :"e,,,,,1 'tLock·. OIhc,," "i" thi. coo""!" i"" m:tl:.. no ..,,«. 'n,o "ho"e anal)""" 0110'" nQ'" " P"'I'oo.J;' tilt """ '",(On,' ;. " .. d ;0 • k. ' hird ca'egory of cODccptioll', Orig"n 'l> of 1i0l1 of 'Iik ' p"r1ain, no' to Chri .. bi,w.e lf. but '" othe,-, O"l ,,01 a.Uci. ;;'/po,.,."" M)' c",,,,lu,;,,,, . ,h .. i. ,ha, 'h,'''' ca!> l>cak of " ,, ),thiug ebe h,,' of th e life of God. I.ife reforrcd to , .. 10",,1 OCam. p<TIain. to Cr ll hi: cO"" ,,, ..,cd ...·i'lt tha' of Ori KCIL Firsl, On""" " I]",,~ for nO ,I'"lo]>",eol in 'he ,Ii';n" bi:iog-. 'n,err is "" pro..-"", 'hf'Ugh "hirh G,~I ch""!!,,, in hi, "'1)' I,o.i,,O"C,1 ,he ,u,",ing aoo,her G",I be)'ond 'he e re."or. H,d ,here 1>at h,' c~lL< ,h~ 'misg"id0 ""COt'"t dll lLi,,;')' Origell ', .hcer ,liferTcIlC< from 'he Gllo>,iCl(." ,hi. wiU be (-",,,a,,,,,1 present ly, Thi, (rc.,"""· 'oming in", ~-"i'lC"(e m~rk, (b" ,,~ . 1; Sf .. 'l\or'&"""" '/""ft ~ "'" "'" oi Ml,,,,,. ""~
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th ere ""'" I",' h God .nd hi< lkcUimI h> cr ~·1.., 1 loo:fOl'C, hI" ;n ,h ...." ... IhJ.,
"'go_" or..., othe, 'rgumJ>iti •..al ~On. Certainl)" 'all 'hill S' wc .... ",a;;!)' Origrtr f...1s 'm. """, 1'InL 2. 6. '" I~ , n , 2. 7:,fr.llolt 3, ,~
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""""'" Orip-u , ).,.,.." . . . '1 "'""'" "' ;,h the l'a,lk"_ '" T h • .""". ,,,,,w.,, i, mnrc 1">c,",,,11; pre,,,,,d in ' he Ca.., ... here lilt l"'Aicictl'ial Of'. according to ,,·h"'!. ' he Idea, •• i " .11 the dj,';n" ~lilld.' " lh" Ihi, i, wro ng ,incc iu !~, ilo 'here i, " 11,,0,,;c !l"lion to which Orij,'91,. ". 1 '11;, ~'" >bo b 01.0(", '"" (10ei1lg i, i",po.. i l~r. '" although he mos iI, 'lCcl of 1'1';1", 'ne ide ~ of G",I a. ·c~ " ... ' "f '",eotio,,' Iho(h the pru,;'ku,iil "",I (lCwaJ one ;, of utm(»t imp""""," . For ,h. "dOl>D"" of lhe n",io" of "',." i, strikingl), i",~c,lt;'" of lhe eon«l~ion of crea,ion h~\'i"g ~" (lC1U,d I",gilln;~, A f"nd,mell"'] pOl\~ipk >c' fi"..h by Ons,", ;" 11"" /i:M! pro<mJ, from a '''''''' ","iI "",,,,,,..u, "=. "'Ki""in{,.'" The '-Cl)' f.et, (hercfolT, !,d al""ay", C'rt"inl) ' hi' 'co ..",' doo-, nOl impJ~ all) n",loll of ," .. ",lit y; ;1 o,J)" ,ugge", Ih ", tho ,",'orl,1 came in"> bo.""g "ut of nOIl.heing,' ''_' woU '" that it ;. God who ,"",,!«,.liw"e.. of 1~.1O·' On~. whid' left "",on for so " ' a") ",h"'-"ij" e,,, i>lle'l,,..,,,,0u,. '11 .. .., me gid~,. he I." ~ "d I.orgc (,1[, ,hon of the timde .. CO"'""I>lion . In con'""" Orig, he cOllt1'uo""" it"lf, tILl! i,. l>crall"" i, ,,'.. m~d,' f", .. i. Ik btgI""i>Ig g mi ... ~,ke i. lh" h. hi! 00 1'riM. " he",,,, nU G", • • a "d ot her I..,i" ~x" ,bo'" ,ha' he d~ 1 tOO' .....,,,1 10 d,·al " 'i,h .. ,ch no",,,,,&. ~or que"i" .. i, t"""d 0" • CQml>klOly Lml' excluded fcm" " " Y "o,io" of uiIy. Whic h Tl"'"n' ,h", 'here a.r~ ... ,"....,n< for (;od no, "" I)' ' 0 Clex". b
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U nman in ,cUoct . "' ing of "'''''''ity iu timo. ..-o\lld bo, ,,,,"pled 10 pooc • 'I"".h(,,, '"cb 3' '''''''' de
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th ere "all b< u'" n"lion of ·bd" ..... Slill Origen doe. affinn ,h .. the prmi dcutiil cTC~,io" w .. hrongil , iot() being 'hefore' ' he "ctlla] Onc. The ""hm ... /hn' u,~i()u i"dica'e> tha, thi. crcat iOll of ,"a'011>, ,""cording 10 , "ut an d emeD< of 1I.., of \\""00,,, h.. ,.s..lt: Thi; ,s what .. r(a1<m c,, ' lh' l W,><wm 'accq"
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, ), 0 ,,1e no ,1"uL, that iu /"'.,,,: Itufi " u, ha . ",,-erel)'
o ldU",.tcd ' he ,w,iolJj cxpoUl,dc,i ,heT'. ,.. For the pcrcep,;on of 11.(" '",,,1 cre"'e """,ocr" Hence he ""' ked au e",i,d), uW,eceMarr, and "''Cb m;'lradiug, arp;u· on""""io," ;'>C ,I"" 'ord ;,.i, "h«~ U,,';,I "')~' '~'" y",-, ~'" t~c .ar,,,' :Yld ~'ilcal' '0. a1'< I... 10 1. 2H ...,,) \t al . 3.6. It is ",,"ark:obk ,ha, I", u"" ,b,·t" I""h i" ,b e 'wo r",>~.g",. quoting the", in the ~.",e order. It i, 01",;0'" tI,~ , ,be H", portiol\ mo'''I) points [0 ,he 'lO,io" of (;od H;m,,-If. "h"1' ,rnuJmioll of 01>, H. Cba')I"ick'" b." .m",I~t, I, ~I: i...... ""tit '" c.;.. \"1. "~; K>.lio.
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" of. I uncien.'and ,h", thi, i; ,11< EII)!l"]' ",,,,,,,ring of ,he ""ri~tll r31 o,;~ ~.u.oi"""", 'I""""d by Origcu. HOVI"CYcr, th e ,-crb ;. in Ihe P"'''''''' perfect ""' ''". nO/ ;" d,,' 1'''''''''1 I"~: so Ihe I"""age mc'''' -[ ha .... OM ch"ng.'d" , Whe.her in ,I.,. Ucb ....·... lex' the ,"Crb i. ;n 'h~ pre>1 «, 'he . 1:";0" i, ,,,eam IQ S"!!W''' 'h~L '~"''''h""gh (;00 JuUkd to W"'''", ~"d ,., he did. ,h,ro i, no ch;."g' or aioe"ui..>n ,ha, took plA(O ill 0",1
1''''''''''
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The onwlogical priority of 'he tJ()tion of God H imself t" "")' um· Ctl";Ul1 of Him i< again fJO'iti",lr I"" 1'","'...-.:1. Tht concepti",", of 00< c",alioll of the pr.,...nt "",,rld. 11,' confn.... ,h~ no,ioll of < ,ex". ho"""".,. i1 can he e"nd ", i,..;!)' dra"',, ,1,," ' he ""'TOti" " ;" GCT'''';' i. ,ake" to rd'o, to 'he '"Cf)' b SUni]"ly, on" could ,ill:: I"",,' i. i, I""· ';bl.- '0 'I'.a~ of actual cn;ation coming in'o heing afor the pro,;· ,kotial cf'C~,io,, ? T hi, ;, ' he 1"'1' point ,,'h.re tbe ,1;" ioc1io1l bet"'"''' (;",1 " Im'if and C "'[ a Cu,uo, o,ppc." a. 'he d,," i,;,,' faclor for " nd"""""h"g hi. dogma , 'l1,i, d;"i'lCtiQII ;, in r.roU4 n;.; ),j~ ~~ .... ",u;ov. '" We shO\dd ".,,~U. ho".-e'..... Ius emph:";,bi. ,, '" of 1LJUd to be lI U,,, ,, d~,, ,,~.d once couchn! ill word, is one of tbe maiu re""',,' wbich ",,,ckT • ~e"a ill COOC"IJti on "' )~Ika l. Origc" ~'a, "'f) ,,, ud, ~b,,· 10 lli;,; fad. ,\ 1 1I,,' 1'0;'" "' he," Ccbu, '1'.010 'If th e C ... d lJ;"~(, '-'pl"ining wlo)' mall ]"", =u "'ed a 1",,1)". he ru.~l<s a .lIon co,run "" y'
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this, d ,e tlu,u,tfo! ;m'ol,'o:> 110 complexity a",1 i; OOt directed 10 I'rupooition' ,dlid, a", lS. 'n.., dilTerroce from ~'e S",ic, 1.>~,~ tfw;,ugh! ---an'~ J G=l pMk_>phy·. fu.~ !ftJo, .1" - So-!>. 70 l%ll 70 . 261 "
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ossibi!jry of" ,nan 10 "'''''~ al "U. A" In'iou. "",I )lh ,,ing 'he Stoic IIO';OU ,)f ''',,,,,A'!",, _'; "",.. woia . Thi, be I"id ,,00'" ;",,,0prr l" 'nd ~, ..... doctro,e,. Tlci. is an ~lIi 1\ )"" "hid, is indica,i,-c "'" ,,"ly "f lu, ""1"'''1 f,,, ,he un!!"'''I'"b'" ,,,,,>cc nd, ne. of the di"i"e ",alilY, hUI ~l"" of hi, soll ",1 di~k,,'ica l disciplin. _ 'ni, "";,,,de ""1lI ~" l>< ch.lleog«1 b)' ""pm~ ,,-ho pu'l~"" 10 ,tick (he rub of logic MId (~..Jccti c •. No ou, "'mkt ,uk (he 'luc.,,,, all)' 'b&>io" x",cJ,.~.tl-.:ti """"~'" .( an. Th ~ ... is. ,I"·rcfo'~. a POitll ",hid. ,loo"ld loo- m.d.. p d"""inc. ,,!lido ;hould no. he ""or~1 fllne_ t; Oll 3"" arc .hem""I"" a ,,,",,if""t3tiou of .ho ""'I"''''' re,,[it), i, Unl'o.. ; ~I,·. T o ,i> LI"Ij-,C, 0. '0 fcd il rID " w,,~ ,dUeh ;S ;"",1,,,bl), "'g'''' i, nOl iml>o"';hlc , I" ~n~ ""'.. , il could b 13 IOi:lo 13. A, "'p,d> 1'1>[0, Ihe1< ~ >< ."","",,",Ii.. ",od '" i, Pc"~it" ')01 0 ,,'a$ imp'-");"a,,,,J ,,;, 1, lb e Platonic i,I,·· aii"" . "'hieh in f"" held c,w,,,dcral>le , ..·.Y in (h~ «-gion , tl,i, di~ ",,' !'C"dor O rig.'i'ah[r I'b(onic all .Iong. Ht ",-a' u01 [>owl«1 ht3d ""tT hed, hr tht 11alO"ie "", . look ,,, ,10,' .h.. " (""" only I ",~",.,.d , \\' ;I h ""!r~nI '0)' su I>';'·c ... " .uor GI 1t1U~ m"eh ha, t<J I", rc,1). J.'(ini;on, in hKlL"'Jl(lirtg , hem .od tn nti rtg , hem light ho.r1odly into ,logl1la," So 'he Cd'" "'". not pr.cticalk again" U rigrn billJ>c lf ( a condo'''~'''''. 'he , .• m,' 1>Op tha, W;«k>m is ]>oid,' "'i,h' ,he "'''rI,II'''''' '''P''''"wlJ ~"J' ~>0" h" till> , .n,1 c•• th/I' bei,,&,. and bciog> ;" ,I" .)nh .. ",,,rl
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It ,houkl be ""'iced tI .. " Ih. "".. uic preseuce of (he l.og:iblc in hi, dj,ifl< ".>1UR ••" ,,( ,~ Ix PT"lI ';""~ of hi> U.. ~ " .. ;oop6
It " ,be [.ogo. ",ill"" "",0 ,,'100 "," >Ounce, ,10,· F.,ber to ,be"'.'" T he J.gos 'm~dt: u. out of "",hing'; ~"d , 'once ,,-e ",-re mado:. h< " phol,!, '" in'o heing_ and """T da)' p".) I'ide. li>r '" oO\-ertl)' 3nd "''''ti)', bo,h ., • whole ""d "3ch one ill dit.'i,h", U)". e,-"n lhough ,,'e m~)' be Dot ",,"or. of th i.,·" " ben O';gt:" "''''D",i", thm 'the 1(001< ncc , " beo J'a,d "')" . I)Ou, the J..os,""').'" 'n ,c l.ugos , ,hc",.[,,"', i. P'''''''''' b",h in timck .. ncs.; 3nd in li mc_ It i. th rough him , I"" a perpe,ual con1l""" i"",i"D I""",,,,,, the ,,-orld fWd God i; b.Jo" ,~,ciowd)' it is ,,,,wl in Qf, ,h.~t '11", Jogoo of . HLn"all> call """c nd frum 'hc kind of ,hill king cha,· anc,;"it to the """I Ii' tha, which i, chat.e,,,""ic of th. imdlee, ami. I;"~ll). '0 ~ m}'lk~1 .'xp,,';c,",.' of 'he 0 " •. \\'hao C had"'ick ,hd 1101 gras!, , hough" ,I"", a' ~'" I",i,,, "hid, he eo,,,,,,",,,, 0". O ';l« n ,n 'he I ~ a. 'o,u ~""~,, ""fe;; riiO; itn," b l.6--r';l1~i))illg 'onl; '0 Chri" ~ ))d to '1(' 0'1< . 11"·,,fo«, i, both in C,.-t a nd in the """Id It ;" not in hi' ""'" re '0 he ·mid", • .,.·. Hi> onlOlog.,. i, "ot ,Ii.vuted: hi. ,I;',-i"ity is 1I,e ",,,,e a, 11"" of (he h~,er. To bt: ' " 1I,. world lho,h ,0< a "hole and in each .... ional crr~t"'" l'
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III Orig"" there i. no '1 " "";(1) ~l~)", doe oat",c of tLe Log"" hjn~.., lf. Hi! n~lUre "' the divine one,
IU
Chn" ",me 10 thj, "'.. 'oo! from Ubioo, of Illi Q"to".... bon n",,~d hy ., >l", .. , Fr h. w.. ',,, lfu· h," of ('""I': a,wl "'hiou, or creat;"" ",ill, or ere·
a,j,-" ne, of God, ' h" I.ogu; h'"
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Tlw concept ion of di,·',," lra.,,,,,,,,ode,,c" r.maulS IW)\)) ;" ,ac, and ,,.,.. r,,1 in ad" ml>m, j"g [""11''' in ,hi, ''''). 'n ," ""n", ""n« I',i.,n allo'" fo r " dear ' i. simpl.,. a ,,' i,h it aud i",kcd ac", wi'hin i,. Th;' ;. 'he p,loh ' hrough ,,'loch Origeo "'a1! ahle ,,, "cl' from hi. 'Jbtology (oba, i., lri> «nd. all u,ue, "h~rea, ',110' n'" of Ihi,,
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- -J-, XVUL I "8"" "" ""'rpr«Olion of"" G_W_ Ho,,,",,,,,,," in "" in",,""""") " , th< ~'O .
of
Jho." "" de fuUl < ~ Cf_ Ff, p . " ,_ , ibo it should"." Ti,,"c ;. '>OTtlcthing' ,;" whkh i. cI"""l)" ~~ opiie we art not in the pi""" "h,"" ,10111', 1. Cb«i. f",'"" ,. ~." 71w1 !f
onto
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Unim....,.. 1'l6~. F- 27T, '" h;,.tM1 '" OlmUfy Orig< tha, all rank!! of mtioual ,,"atu,,", wbich arc u"dt.-.t ()(~1 to O"'~1 .,,,,W' ~l~)Ii"d 10 'hi' (hough, i. s..Jr· ee1 10 ,I,,· world i, """",,)'~d ill tcnM of Space Imai" l)' cxpr..w i" term' of 0'' ,hal d ,e Swic '"O'~·"I"i ...u "f ,ime ...., ~n ou(onom ... ", "ne. '1 II ilc imklk' ndo; ,,( frum (h.t of ei,h,r 1' ",0', "r ,\';"0,100', . It ,..iU IK" rn,,,,"" ,h"t the ",.,ooing of the S,oic I'i ",,' of time ' priog> frum cuti", I)' i>ound up ,,';110 Ilor I'''';,e Slo;" philosophy ""d i" ,h,d)" I/'SfJj"'''' .. ~U). from. a nd ~ri"g> '0. ,h e co", of Ilci, panic"i," philo>Ol'h) . I .h all argo' o th31 although tI,e,"" i, a cor",in ring of the Stoic ,;,,,. iD Orig (~d ""play rim" .•Iuog "itb ,p,*""... ~ f ... me fOl' Ih.. ir 'hough1 -form . Alre.dy in the ....-c " ,h OO""'U1')' II.C., 11 dfpruduced rich h,,_ "em ."d mell "'en: like god ... Thl< wO< foUoVl'e ."cml" to ,k~l ,,'i,h ,ho qn",tioll "f,i",e a. ,,,ch , S'owcu,' ad,I",, the ,< bi.y C~ t\o>'" I., unde,-"",.d ind"l>O'."M" i. ,e"'lK>ral i, .ubject lOphcr> an; i" agr"em~n' tha' t i m~" unCl,, ",cd. " lIu' ,h,' I~ .",n;e !' '' 'I>(JrI of ,h i, 'en'at;"n· is onl)' lh,- d,)"nlO'" "i,h Actioll. ,hot i. , true c:u"!8.
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'" i< .)"uonynlou. with Fuoc1ion. " God', pent"';"" al",-ap; compel, him 10 acl," ,,,,d h~ ca'''"" [00. cone,·;,'lo. 11'1>< "'. ;n ",.,....,. ,I.. h''',-en.., he ",,,,le ,hi, 'nul!" "<m;U bu, nlO"ng Od Ooough , of (;",1 "'I>< wno." ;H"%,, •••
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ia~ c..-........ M"",I« f'It>_ 1181a2 / : "" "",h. / .. .1...... fu""""-,, 1 ' - Ill, I: IV. I; John I~ ,""""," ,,~ J), ."....' _ AI.....( VI. 1:1; VI. 21, VI. 21, I '. 1~1.
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A';"otlc '...-:a,.-:d tb., pr"bkm of ,ime r"cing a I'A,\ "",~n, of 'I u~." ,ion, wh ich arc rcLu«l 1() i,." A, ' he onlX' he ;ta,C' ' hm ,illle could no, I", " i ,lto"l change or motion.'" l",cau,,", i, ;. "'~) 'hroug b ' he ditlC"·,,, "age. of lllotiOl' or cbange ""hin our mind an; abl" to conc.-: i" e of ,ime.'" Although 'fa ... - a lld 'w,," art' ddi,, « 1 by ,illle. ,iUle ~roper i•• omething co",,,,,.. bcc~lI'" ,illlC i. lIot defined by ,illle." Il encit'b ,,'e cou"" '" H e"," 10 Ari,t"dc tilll< i, " " uml>< 'in 'ime', ,h"",fvn;, m"'"
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,.""..., 22h:lff: "To be in "'.. """''''' I(.- rootiou. du, both ... ,od It> " ... ,,' ." ",. ..our e.. , ire d"mlio " inruic'>ably "ncl "itho", mOOi6.:.,;O"", " ;, i, :tl ,,")~ "ha, it ill, it i, ,lOt '" ';n" a",1 ;, i. 1Iot coDtain"d ily ti lUc, or mc,,-,,",o,1 by ,imm<mpt wnmA".,·,' o''''i1, 19l9. iMoI.. pp. _ , 6. JoJi' A"n" ·M"",",. 1>_1>I. 2l, p . 2~, n. 5 . .1. ~l_. ", j, ""'f' ..... ,,';'_. I'.odu., 1\16,), W- 125, 1:I'.J 30 ,\I",. All. ,Ift",~, ,""te M -"'- ;., "'" J.od, nlio""" ~ .11.... , 1%1 ",", "" P H. \I""u...-d F.M. Oomroru Loeb """"'-'00n of 1'I!:r""'2191>1 ~, C.mbridgl A. C hro"" Iiu1i"" of t;,,,e a' e."e,,,;",, remaim unc h""!l"dble anti ,,\h. , k"nlel ofCl")~;pp,,,· ""1'C,·P';"". lOO. H... idt-o. ,t...,"'1'I _ ,
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qo. "'-, 1'1'. 273 , . R,,,, ..).....y..... "" ,h,,'" i, not w ..... '" """old Z_ ,nos;" origin.'led ",ut 'kVQint Ari,t,~I., i, 'I ";'" "'pli,;,: if 'he", i, RO o no to co"nl, I ll~" ca n b, nOlhing '0 he COLJlltro th". th"" co"ld he no> ·"'''''bec'.''' ~".. "" th u"Sh mution prope< cu\tlll .. ill make "" n,,, ,
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~ For ""'''pl,,,mologir,,l. nor "w-n " ~"'hologio::oJ ,,!)e. He ,ef.", ' " d,e '~VN' of ,ioo1otl.-. t hen-fon·. ,,-hat is of "ntological priorit) '" i(h "'''I>etUr'i,a",;,,1 diff.rente i" I thillk. the S11/"".""" If. hll>othc,;c"Uy, the S",ics held time p"'f'I'r to be in ....., ,,,,,, a ,,,,,,,I.,,,,. 1he" 'he "Illan".' (""""'" ,,'hid, eo"so ito ,.,. 'h e "n,M, i, 'er. b", ",nly be""",,, motio" ,al.., place ill timo. n",,,dy. i" ,h. ",1rnMo "hicb t;m, pruper i, hd,l '0 be, For it is """ " "",!>eT. b", w'",w. tit,,, n,.,,,;{lJtc, " l< f,m(L""e,,,.1 ",,,,,,logical ddi";tiun of time l"OI",r. Th", th. ",:Iit>rt. In com"",. to the S,oic> the omo1ogi"~1 CT, how".",.. is b) nO ""an; a ",ali,)' depcmknt upon rnotioo , T he S'o;" d.fini,;"n in "'" "-.)' ell",jI, [ha' ,ime cannot exi'1 " 'i,Iou,,, m",i",,_ S",:Io " oond",;"n
,,,, "" .«on'" i. 1h" ""n cession a ''''''"'''~'1.' eorolJ .• ,)' <J lht;, ddiJlitio" or time p",per. ,\mOllg ~II ,1,,- C",,-k det;ni'io''', it is soleI} 11.... Stoic 0',.. in ,,-hOch th e notion of Inoti o" ;" 110' olllolpgi~.lI.,. ind'CC1 a"tic;p,"ed Ibe coocq"ion of time hcld by ~fode'" I~'l';"' . i'\"""l1hel"". the radical di/fereoce berwe~" ,im' a, .~".",;.,,,, a"d !hoo,' of 'i ...... ~, "ilh," mO"ing im:.ge "r n"mito.clia " al".r~C1 .deb,'f", ma.bematk." per'''ption. Tl",,..· ...... a,",·"ion, Ih'" ,,,,id,,,r Ihe I'yth:.g""""" no, du' Swi", made ." nl'licj, pan of tl".i, ' heory ,ha, tim" will !.< ma,1e agoi ""th... a,,om" d.)" in (he f",,,,,, the ide.1 State .
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II' j,h rt'gard '0 !he '-ery word ,,1i"'m'~!Il, he 'peak; r~ ,h er by COt",..~", ""n ... l)" of ,u"d~",," .. "s ',um"n,j"nles. '. S,ill ,he mu0'" pt.c",i 0"";"" o"hodo~ "ccu"'d of Ih'ol\i,,,, ""d
""bIo> to hU". " ;, 0 ... , f~ " .. GkIy Ih>' "'"-"""'"'" " U ""l'-'m • fuI oocoun' or Orig1i ne" i, "agt'"' "" h. c.", '''Y nci ,h~r ,hal 'h e,", n1O,'''",en'' ""0 ,ime nor th'" 'he)' ar" '101, Fiu..uy be oottT,,, 10 ... "Ie fi>r 'he \.icv.. ,h" 'h"y arc mw. Y'" of" ki",1 of it> ",,,,, i, i; a sor, of qua,;.';me. ~ 'lO,ion e",plo)",,1 in o"l,.e '0 pIl ' 'he ange l. h,,' n'CC" time and 'b" sI,,,,ual basis. 1'. I~ ... mal:"" ,b<erm",,,••,, ..",,'meD' ,h,,,. i" OriS"'" ,in,, · is ·tI.~ "m,,'~. r"'S,k moti,~. mi"di.m TI, i, part>':u!." ",...,;on is ;ronil:; for the ""'" ccptioD of tunc in O rigc n ;. 'Xi1Lt!J tM opJto.iPk ,,, wh," l'la,. ,,1tc~< •. I" fnct. lI"'il use,1 Origcrt', concrp,ioD (a. well '" hi. tcnnu."IC>g)·) io onler to pob:ucici<e ag:,ul>' [.n""m''''. nllO oo",,,,,,i,,,,,1 'h'" '6",,.' i, i" it",lf '"".,ion· . \\1,,,, I'l... d"", h~n' i, '0 ..."ibe 10 Orig' " a "'''''"1'';'''' whil:h ;, diam"ric-..ll} Opl>o,i'" to ' hc 0'" h, 'cally held . I think tl~" Augustine", falling into ""'ploy;" g "'''''pl,''",ic pe,_ ccpti"", ;" du" 10 the fact ,hat he "'''' profou "dlr i"Uucuccd I>r Ongen, hu, I," ,..", "(Juany u" "hk '0 "r~)reda"· bolo' deeply a.,,1 '-""'· " ti .. tl)· the \" 'op]",,,nic "'c,,· "f t;n.,. a, dim",,,,,,, tug i, a"".""" ,,'h y ill c"m,a" to ,,· hm 1~'I~"'rlS u, OrigCll tho p. ych"logical ''J'C1. It i, nubeT in "aiu 'ha< C,,]l--.h,u a((cIHp" '0 rd.te , bo ' en" "., t, ".....,n' _ ',,'U,," . 11", the 'f",~c,11 """. fo""",;",, ' of 'he 1\""pl.,o"ic oOT11io" of 6,,,,,,,,,,,, i",o a ""Iie.II), ,mIcr",,, "«(j",, i, u"oo"b,,,,U) ." "ccomph,hm,ut ..,f O,il«""
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He ,h,." form, f, iJ 0""" ,..., ... acconUng (0 f, iJ fiw(b'~"I",, 1 Chro.;ao co",·iction,. l ie h"" '"0 hc,il~I;o" i" ulilit;lOg 'he " 'orn;"g of l"'If'" philo",ph;cal ",hoob. Ikj ng ""*,,ti"e to the oxlJ;'" 'h"I hi, own .",,,,. ,;tion iJ ""n·cd. He look "I' Iho fimdamc,,",,1 Stoic .... rtion of,in" • • ~XlO"';OD" yet ho '",.'c,1 i, in • ,,"ay .l'pr()l'ri~'o hi, «WD ,hough, . In fac, h" ,,,,co,",,1I ,,,b,,,d 'h" Stoic rotll:l:P' '0 hi. o""n objt.', hr wbom al", he m""," ' he aeom '''"' " iOw~·. Th,,; 'he >criptu"~ a ",horl,)' ;' aJlorded IJ}" I',,, ,J " 'ho ""'~clte' u, ,h~, Cod nwk 'he "'~,'" ,bl'ough tl ... So,,: 0;0. on "ccount of h","ng m.cle ,h. ",,,n,,, i, i, 1he onl)·.b.:gun"n "'I\Om the ·,h,,,,,gh "' hom' is pointiug to:"" TI,i, i, the context il, whith Origeo auack> Hemdcon for holding" th~, ~"" ither the aeon nor what i, in 'he ,",OD "" M made ,hrol.gh 'he l.go:!. clai",ing ,hat they "",,. mad i, cou ntcd .,Ing"dc ""pa~ ... po~~ ..", c"crybod{. Jif. ,time. ·Thc"'fo,.... a, long a, ","'" i" life le' 'IS pr.). "" th~, ". 1_'0""'" aW" to >ing pmi;ing tl", l~ml< of God in ,he •• on "f,nu"'"
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'" "'''.~, PG 1~,1%9, '" ~J alooot ,I .. · 'd"y of '" gr"~' ~ tl a"')!l' ' iiIkeo "isIi,hc"" 'order' and 'cim~' ill i, . C " nmam, cb i"" th'l time alll "Y' c",,,cd all" Gud ."al>li,["",, .. ",In-" w,"",I.,-, '"eoll' ami a '".orld· i" i,. '11",> all Cull",a"" ,10r~""il' ill a "."rk I""l~'rli llg ' 0 mlltr"" i,,,,lf f"'IIl ".hat i. 'hough' to be Greek. For i, i, Cull",.",] ,,· ho 'I",a)-.; of tbe 'Ibh' o. ~'" 'gre'" "I11)()""" 1 of ~'e "l'in1" " ,,,,,I alfln", 110", ~.< 'com munion ,,;th C h,i,.- h,,,:,,m., 1110f(' .,.., ,, ti~Il)· a"ciall)" 1~ "Ob;''''. are rcg",d«1 '" a ' it,d or ,I. " g< ...... " -"ont~mi"a' ioll· of ,he Ch n,ci.II ,,~) of 'hillkinS_ \\'hr" Ongen aflinno th a, ,i ,,,,, i,,,,lfi. a C"'''''''''. h~ ac,u"lI.,- g''''' f" I>p:oce.,iUlr. l'le did uot refu'r ,uch • p"rc"P'~!Il la romruo"I>late ill mudem ,,:;"1I<e Iott."", of 'he PIT" enCe of the ,lOtion of'l'-",e in i" To hin,. J,i, noooll ,,"" Il"ill,", ·co,".mi" "io,'- nor " 'danger'_ l'l e ,.... "0' ol,.. ... d ,,"' i'h H)'ing t" ,,,'oi,] "")" '1,"ti.,1 ca'"sory am] ,lca! oul)" ,,;t h '''UlI'"",1 OllC. ...... ..:hol.1n .uch ... Cul~~au " did. He hold> ,ho, 'aeon' m"l' "''''''' .i, her ti ,"" or ' p"".-bu,. ''';,Ct]r 'pcaking. tl,i. ,,~,.. 1>0111 , iu", "ud '1""', ",uoo:i ng·'''' wbioh 1",,1< '0 tb. oonclu,",m , I"" ,ime j , ,h,· ""I~n , Time i. a heing foil ,roJig.• mtW" made 1>)" God 'OS,oh", wi,h all Olc ~nd 'n'''-'I]>O''''1. A IX'"iw, .,.,,"', in I""n tmno1:",,,,, ;" """Il 'l uoting:
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Orig",, afiinna,ion, .r~ n", bod;"" -,-,,~r i, Ilot 3 bod)",'" ill liXo "':illller tha, ~ 'pmlica'c ' , '" "n 'axiom ' . or the al",,",,,,. "or;"" of '10 I:>< a,,~c h ed', or "0 I", i",erw",,,,, "'i,h·. "re "01 botli ... He ,,'" jar from ,h,' S'oic doc,,;ne ,hat oul}" ",ha, i. a bod) i, ,,,at In h" ,.;,." i, "ould loc 'aloso"f'" '0 "o",I,-r as '0 ,,-het her ,im~ i, ~ bod.,. or 'M, in the ""m" ""n", th a, he """Id find it al>"""01 him from '.I .. q ,,,,,,tio",. 10 f~c t ' h,',," (loe'';Od e ,, ~ I~ e bim '0 ~mm\ e~p[ici' l l' ,10", ti,"~ is " er~"h,"· of full "'~lil)' ""d 10 1«.-ill" inci";,'< aDd mcc"odcnCf'). T hi, ;" ,,'h., OriS"" r.n, 'the al,," nIi,;'" of thc fo[lowcr< of ZCll O a",1 Ch'pipp'''', docL.rill!! he ,I"", n", ,u,,,,in "e,,·s ", h k ~ woold I e~'e ... ion 'hough ;s nol a rompl,.,«1 e",,,tn,e "n,;1 it< cod, \I'ha, w~, "",atod ".'" /lwlf"!m/i/t. 'h" f"" ,dt)' of 'he ,,-orld ex;";",, and f"nniotli,'8 in ,hi. 'I"",f..- ,tlO< the future . Thi. i. ,",'hy Origcn con.mcr< ,ime "-, ',,,etched 0'" alonpi'k ";th' (hc ''' noe'"",' of ,Iu. "-,, rld . Future ;" in from, i, is '0 be n:alil.Cd, buo i, i. not realized yet, T;o11h ,\ri"otdi",,, "",I S,,,i,,, idcir'l!'i bo:,," " (I,,' In", 'n" tnb
He:.lso '"'''' ' he ,e,m 'nul1\be,' "'he " he ",I"", 10 'mo''''- "ho ~n indi\;dual l>o' in8':'" a"d m.ko, de", thal Coo 'made .11 Ihi"g> h numb... anrl mC" ,UfC: f,,, tv Co.-l ,he", is "v,hi"8 either ,,-;,hou, t of driug>, 1,0"''''>:', ",hid...... ex",,,,a] '0 ",e T rh,j,)", mw, l.-. ""","".I by ag£ and I'pO-
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It i, 'hcu Origer, .. e~plicj, . talerne,,, ., a. "',,11 a. h;' wm'inolt>gy it>-' of,; ....., OOUU""",", er. srf: tt. t("I, 23-25. '" "'""', t'-9, t Thi, ,.., is 1",.. ,,,, ""'" to ,be 1">"" or Cud. Fur ,'-' k: 10 "",npro·hend b;",,,·lr '11\01•• d'e "OI;on of'i"Jin;'"' ",,,,Id "()/ I", "1'1'1i"bl" to C od_ Hut thi. i< uot 'l ui.c th e ca"" For Origr H J- "1'1'1)' thi> 11o,ion .0 COIl him"'lf. He ."".. , hat 'fin;" knowl~~' aI'PI~ only 10 wit., It"" be", "",.tcd, wbere. , ilic 'knowkgo"" "'1'''':'';0)) " 'hirh ;nCOInc,,,,lol) "pplie. 'he notion of i,,~n;,)' to C,od, "0 tb" grca'n" .. of Go.>< ""m p«h."dcd, ,,,-,,, t l ~' ••e o()(kNood [0 ha'e boo""diug ,hi. ~rK'''nC1''. R LlfulLl. 1",,1 " '-"gue ide. of Origtn', t> of')",
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Sonohji ,,,kl.. ce. d,e ci""ion whieh R_ Wall;" u",,1cc.',," 'h< world came illtO briu!!" 10.- a cen~in I'"rp""', accor ~" ,·"d. H,·"O" H, .so,,,I~; is '10' ,.;gh, ill a."n;,,!!" ,h;". alt hough ho d"". n (}l f,nd th~ ''l!"me", of,h .. ';"f",;,o" heing ~"o:)ml'rclK"l,,a~e· in thc Stoic b'em,u,e. d,is ",!o~",ocn' 10CC fi"ite , On the commry, he eXJ~icidj", ~Ild iu '-cr,' ""on!!" term., " ...."'. ,h.I1 ,h" ,Ii"n" . """,,,. is injinik. ,,' oh" ,w",'" G re~k por, t;om demon."."",. 'n,errfo'e. ,h"", is "0 lo.>gic.l '''''''' I>01 an,,"U~ 'I"csUonO" of,ime ,,;th· 0'" allY ' Heikni ... ,jon- of i,. A. a lI ~"'e, of f,e t. CuUmaOlu hold. ti me '0 be intini'e iD both ,l i'=~)II" ill tlu . way ,,,,,,,li ng u,~ Wo far a""y from 'he S,oic ""d A';"ote~ab collc"",i0l1 of i,. He ih(ked po• ..,law, ome "" an ex«".io" infini'c in both do"",,,i,",,'" To him tilll" i. nvt 3 ern,ure,'" i, '" i" fllli,c a nd i, '" in r,,,,, "" etemal co""p,,,uo,, of God. 'l1,i. i, how he ,bino. be I"" ",I"etl 'he proh. 1 fom,e,1 iD modem :\ b ,h<mat;" •. bildc. ,o""ron-cr. b", ~Iso 'he l'e""'l) of Ihi' I",,,,,,,,,a] God to be ,",Ued infmi,. "" "'dl. Thi, m~.n. tha, ,he l\(),ion of infDli,£ ;, • pruf>M1)' of ,,'" ()'~)" Ihe >I'I' ",m" "'"'''pby,;.,,1 re"~ty, bu, al", of th e inhe"'''' .",.",.. of things. Md ab,».'. all. of f;()(I!" Th ". '-"'''''' _ wall)' it ",-a, "If..,;,:!eut tlt a, ,h. "'I"ell1< l>1 ac,u"lI), him odf "".d time ill on!er '0 act "'it hin 1be wor.1. T hu. "f ()(le ucebout , 11 hi, lik h/"'. 79.
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257 XpOvuu KoJ..Jw\o 5,,;,.,,,,,. 'i"a o'A'apGfi iuliv Kt~i tilw iWov lpOv"'" rr.:; /v •.-rt.ilii, MJ"",,\; and 00 O" "" tl~' co,,,idcr it 'CT't j,h«j" to ~" inc,ioll hy both P"" and flltu",. To hill, 'no,," Iv"," i, • fitllr ",.,1 time. Ilkt all tim" i;. It i, u, ,,·al 'nOli' l1 .. t real ",ml~'ral ",.~,,,. occur; ,,,,d d>O>tion of ,ime i" the ,-ario", mu .. of lif•. 10 ~", tlo"..., ;, ao ;m"""ting portion' link to maD", !Ouch", .....o,k,"'OD " UI1I< w Cud. llb,,,, "'",cl"Ol1''''')' of heing 'a mea_ ,ure and cri, .. rion of 1I,,'h r.,,,,~ .. and ,10"'",,"','" I" CO",''',,,, On gen ",aj",aj", the no'io" of God'o " .. hud ,ran""" 1)""1)0" '0 the " -orid, The nOlion "f ,da'i\ily ;, ,,!,plied n", o,d~ ,,;th ""1"'" 10 God, bu, ~l", "-;lh ,ionjJ", CO" I>< cid .OOU' "'" bh""j I"""''', ~ I", ,,",,'e ..""xIo;,j ;",o pia ha,1 a 01t0,,!; ;mpa", 0" hi' ,,,c_ ,'e""",. Thi, i. ~n ;nfolhh l,· m" " "'e of , I.. iml",rtarlce of hi. :.ecoml'li,hmem. Fo, i" fan he h .. I...... " dle a"';e'l'o""r of cri'ical tl Q';V'" "hie], pla)""j a d< .......;"" ,< .am. "" " '" '" in O rigt'll. wa, U,k"" "I' by J ohn Ch,)"'"""om .... ." wdl •• b.,. P•.,.'ti.1l; ,\iJb.~,'" ,,,,d U I)",p;.:r of C hri,ri"" n ll thoro, Gregory of Nl"~"'"
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'''' "'""-' 11"-, 2 . ~7; f'G ~,:>f.8. Wh.., Aoh.na ...... u ... ho: ... ;, ".. only Orit!j G"'gO!). Ilo'h of lhcm origin.,ed ill OrigCII a,,,1 ho,h al,!",:.r in '\U8',,' in• . T he :,,"hor fun her daim. 11"" Origell ,I.... "'" aCluruJy di;,inguish hc,,,tt,, 't~"c' " " d 'e'cn,i,y', "hi; '}.. _ telll lDake> li"le of 'he difrerencc" he .liege>. I" fac'. howe,,,,. Origen', di"ioc1ion "",,,-c,,, dil'ioo ,i",d,,,n,,,, a",) " 'orldl), ';01" i. far ,h • ."." ,h~" " i. ill Gt'«...,,,, limo '" i,..,lf ha. " ITrmi" "",) cruc;,,1
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1 made ,bi. "x1cod"d """, ..rk for 1"'0 Fin" I....-"use I sh:.1I no' ,",wl)' fOlJIl.t ,Icis ,,,)"" ' ocl~lu'" higl~)" meaningf~1 "-' ",cll ~, c'p'"",""e.• nd '0 ' he) ,,,ili,,,,on\I~)I.] bo:i,'!!I'. ~")n is 10 the ,imd.".H'" T h" "f>tIiti.>. of th" "rtoinology iDitia,,,d bl" O rigtn i, )""")' "rik· O\g. ,""1 i, i. h"'N indic."", ,he ,]jl',,,,, ~f" Co."';1\oie'" dd"ci,ion of ,,;"'~, \\'h~' he ",g~"'to os io " l'u,..-.Iy ,,, ,d exd",i,'.-I) ""111'4/ ",ali'). ~ '1"" in_, c m1""',,1 '..,,' 1i,)', ~. expli""tOc"' " ~'aI th'1' ~ Di, .... '" a "'fJtf-~.,,,,,sJ ,,,,,I tOLld"", "",ti')' Ik,o,h in letter a tLd ro"""". th,';...
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al'f'li"" ,hi. '0 ,I>< ,wrld, Cr.:gu,.,· of . nd John of U""",-""" (although ,bey ",.do ,"c of 'hc ,emporal 'ern" of Orige1l', al1rih_ ",.d "i",~ a OOIl'nrighl l~a!Oni r ""o'c, i" >~~rk co"'"," !O "bal Ofigo'" him"'lf did. I'hil0, too. ,,"'. 'ho lenn a,';v ,'a,ing th., il I>crlailb to C",L Ih , o'''""p,io" ofi," ell,irel.,. formod \llIdcr 11"0" intllleucc: he ,-,.garrl, "i"", ,.. (hc 'exemplar olld o",hc')l'" of timc' '" ~pO""" ~"p05ccption of tim. j, the ,aloe as Iha( of 1'1."0'" ume. by bei"g alt 'imi"'lion' of~" ·an·!>e!)'!... ·. is "."",,!hing "'hioll ooll->li,u"" a ll '!IJmi!J 1>C'''-«1I C",I and the world . Ill' COlllras', Ufil,'
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AUK'",i,,< wh f,..t dearl)" pronQ\tnc.-:d the "wlrl ,,'a, no' cr~· .wl 'U, timc', bu, "ogc1hCT "'ith' time,'" The tn"h i. , oo..,'",'cr. th.~t ,\ugu"u' e ,,'as aUuc;p,,'''.! bj' Ong," .if,lIe world' a"d ·titn,'. In thi, "'''Y no' ou!)" dOd he prttede ,\"g>"bn~. hut "''''' alforom"
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wb.,Ler ti llle i,,,,lf "'3.1k CID!>. "'ris'otl.', "'Ugi,,,,, had .1", co,, _ trilM"d 10 >oeh " (omj,I""'rio".... To ' h" $,oico., rim" ..."" j">1 a ..... nw,hing· I.·t",·,·n being ,,,,d I\o"'[>"i l)& ~, 'ti,,," ,,'a, one of ,,' h ~L th ey c"lie uo fi,lI ,e~l it)"" ",,01 their I< . , 01"" F"" I ll. ~li11.odd 1Io.ohm. u ....... , -'.v ~ a...., I .~, 1\Il10, pp. 210 12. .., A ~ """"",, 1}" SI.., ,;"'" 0" "'" ,,.,.,.,.,,, MW
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'he cardinal ""lion. in his , hough,. Q,;!:"" bu" 1'''"",. ' he cu"c."Pt of I'ro[u" gati u" f ';me ",;,h Ih" aUlhori'y of Scri[~ " r to COrDc·. In tko.. du,
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""",,,nedy, &e< ......J ""'ioo "''''' 'h< ]""1''' <x>, I~. 'r", in Chri~ God ,," """"~ 'h< ~".jd to lUm."gh:oblc "'h,,n he '~I>J'
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F I Co f,oo' ,I", pruplt~, E1",- cbi ," ,foal ,h~ C hri,,;ao< "",;"u" d "otion, Tb< ",,,"',,, i, 01",\ hi, 01..,,-,1"" mo- or C"~D "'0'" ma)' I"~'P'"" 'n long ",cunin~ pe riod> of ';m. ,'''' '11"", he bold;; 001 a meld), na,um! C01ttjo" of time. b,,, ~OO a 'Dor~1 co"eeplioll of il. ' ;'lCmic P""'"" .. " "h"lc, ,,, render nmure "' holly ,r.w>va,..,.n 1o lu"k,...,andiug. ,\11 l'ruticul:.r> W,·..., '0 I.. unders"'od ;" ""..", of ",,' ur..1 u,"'·«'I,,1 I"",. Thi, ..., oraJ conc",>!ion of the nocaning of hcing imo ,I,,' ""rk! h~d • r,m· ,bmc ,, 'al implica1ion : in ,uch an cxi"cn' ial ""i",,~: man ,''' ndo iml'~rtial in 'he natu r:t! protco. a"d what r"mrum to hil" i, '0 know wh" ,be co. mic pro."" i•. There i> n" ,,'olu,iou 'ow."b ~n)" fm,d gw t. ,her~ ;. onl)" an etl cnd ,I",ugb ' hen: i> • t""k to be accolUl'li,I",d : thi> ra,k will be ca"i« 1 ou' ""d 'he g"") "ill be "ached only ;b ,u"e an,l ,hrough ,jme. '" I ,lwU orgue prei! '0 ba,,: """,e ,imilari,)" '0 'he S,oic orn:. ,he.., ;"" 'ho ...."gh dilk..,OCf 1.·'''''",,0 ,he", . The S'oics "'-"K"'dt'(] pmio.- all ""al,[i >ln:.1 "alUf'~ la,,· Iro", ,,'hid, Ih0..,. ",.:
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numl,." of""";n.J " ....... . ""'. pI1 of time. 1 ,hall lake 11". OJ,ponulli,y m d.l>omt< n" p,,"iC1~.r f""e" of ,hi, cruci,1 I.... i," ill rl 'k' CO li "". 'Il,i. a"aly'" .hollld Ix home ill mi",1 i" ca,,,,,,,;"g O,igc"'s UmmaliOJl· of 'he na'ural ",orld it>« C"bu> "''1>iJ in it l>cclIO"'" extOW ,he ".""", of ,~< ,...,,-kI ,..hI'''' 'hruuSh ,h,. ~or ' H,,, ,loo. aot the ""no·n. "'," '1 ch",'1I" "0.-.'" Bo' ,he ~b of F~,icon.,. ~· I ..... nc roo,· ''''''
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,)f God ",ho h.,.., bttu orde",d to ,10 !oo. ,,;11 wHeel the ","lici"" . do."rill c, grow" ill the """I' ami ,,-ill dt,_ ca,,1 'h"" imo 'he purifying 6... "'Kl ;, ;" ,heu tha, j "dgernem ,,-ill lake pia' •. '" h i. ~wn ma' 'Cod "ho is :.1 ... ,,, '~'"'y'h ulg ",11 [,.
th e ju," j lldge "f L".-,,,yme fnr "..."rylh ing rrmd" ,luring hi, hr..,'" Th< cnd of~" aet'" "" ju dg<meul is I>a>tible of challgl far1'''~; ;1 <xi ... ",~y ill mhHI :.. :'n imdl ro m. ,",i...., of th< ~orId, .". 0001) '" ,I" '''''''" ,,,,,l ofljl l>CCll pbced iu thi.. or ,ha, ranlt of life" , ,n The "0IOC oftLo 10'''",mcd'.'''' "'hi~h "'!W"" ,hat God ;, \JOt "'spo,,,:iI>le for 'heir ""m'), '" d.emOTl>: i, " 'heir free will. "'b,eb is ,....pons;ble fo' ,h",. "" He i, e",1 of !be
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OIJ)" ill a. ", ""h '" Ihc)" an, l7"Wm, III """"'JMtZ h, rrj<e1$ all\' d.i", th.~t the 'um m.li..,n, Thi, i< OtiC "f the n 'a>on< (thoug h not Ih~ princip"i ..,nc; "h) i, i, t hf\>u~h alld IIl ",u!;h
. -J occur i11 ' he 'l ,,,,~'i co of boo:lico" .. ~h) God', ",ill a quali,), of onc kind", impo.cd "I>Ob , hi. p;,ro;e"lar mancr, bu, ,oiler",,,,,!> it "ill h~"e a 'I"ab.) ofa,,,,thcr kind, on.\ k ' uS sa)" "hieh i< I..,n," ~,>d
"'P':rio:.>r -~ , ,. In ,;ew of thc,", poni01" iu Greek, ,Iu- aUllo,,,,ici,,· of c"'e"lal nolio" On "'hk h lit,. rotJCtI,.,., I's:tlm I, ~ 'Thu·cf.". ,ite impio", ,I",U ,,,,, Ix- t"e>1HTC",e,"t ~'io"
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Th i, ,,"n,,;,;01' '3ke. pl>r ... , fk>S>iblc ,h. , 0." ,,'1>0 i,,, scro of AI>r.b.", '0 "",on" 01", " child of hi" oJ''''''gh diligroc., . ,od i, i. I"""iblc f",- 0." ,,1>0 i, • dtiJ«d, b. being Ollouutaiu,' " will he 110" ",,"'e «ay:o, .. Eooch " ."":.,,,, Sa (;00 is '~If., ... led a, "c",.HQ' ""d ,,' i.. , ami p',,,,.-ici0 OUl of a ll ae' of ,·"Ii ,ion. Thc", ;, no ,imd ... c-,mdi,)" eompdling him to ,10 "'. as I "rgu< ,,10011. ·n,e,,:for~. the of judge",,,,,, i, a .... arra"1!en'''''' of ""Iioual hci" !!" i" diffi·,c", '",,"" of lif'" • """ e';,,1 bod)' o,uy in CH" puni,hmCnl and '~""""iuto i, ,,.c,,,,,",,,,. \\1, .. Ori!!"II hokh i. thm o" cc a m,ioua) Tr-'ure ha> ber" e",.'«!. he ".iU h< ,hro"gl1_ " ,,, ollhm< ........ .", but :.110 i" .he ... . n'" . aC< ~CPl ""~r ,,",;1 the ~C"" ,n co"'". C ...m"'~nti"g 0" ,he Psalm JG. 8 ," \,ill th" Lord ,'»\ off;'l ,he .ron':'. M~ O''Ito 10 1.-flCCuu,,, aeom ;" un,le"'ooiok ,nd ","",\>le. Andju" .. " ,liik,.u " .....,... or,h" )'",,< "£.nn,,,·'" ,loo< ,lilIom~,h illg
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"nu. ' dur.li,m · j, oakl to be ·t h ~ng.-lc" on/.,. I'\·hilc ;t I..~,. I\ll'hc;o:a"",";",,, an' erroo',""u,. I" Orig«" "an, ic-ipa.,,,,1 by tIl e e"""tic.:"· Ub\·~)u,J.,. J. Ilanidoll Ill i>r",,,'mcd 3 I""'''gc ill a.o.'''" ,,- here "" allegorical ""eg~';' of biblical rempon,1 ,,,n,,. i, protided. On 'rll't. W; 1~.Ii"". "'''ef>O'!le«:,,;ou of f~»i t~>n. in time th at thcft= .. 6"" i, [,cnorn'«l amI I~"_ tray« 1 tbfo"r~)~l "f li me. Tit;, ;, " 'h) C ullmann ~ctu.lIy """",d;et> hi",· >clfw""n h. r'1' .....' '',,, t;nu, a, a line . 1'0 1' onc< h~ (loo, Ilot "=I't th e u'!Cp"",blc com,,,,,,io" of tUlle P"'l)C1' to 'Vate. 'here ;. nO log_ ical atg"'''Cn( for lu,," 1o grow,d ,b ~ vie.... ,It~ , ll,i, Ii_.l!Jll "wN'Il 'H ·,i.n"".J 'P"',lI·>uu, ~'~l "! " I"ISU .""ib u, .;p,nd
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pllYOlJl """I '"4 I! '" pLw'_'''''1 ~ JO .U:.limUl "" .".v, J.>dwd ""'!'Jo "O!l(b~LlOJ 1"",~u"~""!I ,!ll "!~'lm'" l~lIU ~lll "I -.,,,1. Ulo"J ~q.,."p,", JWU "Pl'"'''' 01 n,-" ""''u '" " .. " ~u,,~.>J1 In "I' !Oil 1"1' .~101''''\' t~IP' J,d(O~n~ ... ''''''''' 'P"P' '1)1)\""1 ' "',,!I" ''''.10 J1'O" '''I' :o"x~ IOu QOP '! ",!."""q'" "'0 P.>I:tu!, '! "'!I U "! ,,~od u ~.~'v '"l'!X, q"! 'I'" "'!IU" l"!'wmi ~ ~ I"" '! I! "KI '''!X> '\lIuHl'~ '0 " 'Xlp .m" 0, '.l llI",p"'''\, ',,.,. "."",, '"~." "~u,.,, '11.U~ .,~ nl, '-'!"'S" ~'ll. ·.('!IC..... M> "" I'"",,"j" Jwn' J_f:; ~"o P"" IO':' '''" '''I 0' P'''''''l ,"~ ·J",,,."O\I '>'" , ,\O,,&~ .... ~'U, '\00'1>' ~~, JO '>.On,,,1' " 1' J~lI" ,,~.u " !I"'" '~'I' l).;on "!,,,,,, \'\P. ,~ ', "!-,!\d,,,!S ""P"~OD"(J) -OJO\" ,'UR l!"!"!,,,, W" '" I'v.d ~'{I ' '''I"o!'u>lX> ,~ Il,,,,,,,d >l{1 P'PJcii.>.J ~ II ';)W!' .10 ""1"""' II"J "4 ' "t"cii~ p.,,'R.o~ ,~tP ""'10" 10c""iOl' uutil our day.'" We ha'" al,...~, i )' ..:en Ih~ 1 h,' (10", 110' id. co"" il"'" ~ " objrt,;";stie ,·ie.". of ,i me "o~.dope'Kic))1 upon mO/ion . He ... i, ,,'h~, co",i""" ~ "ep beyoll,i tI'e acrow'" of G"",k philosophy, I'lawnisls. l'e";J""ctie •. P..pie""""" and C\("{tplaton;,,, b:,,1 to gi'" att .">CCOU"I flh< rdation of time 1""0\)'" '0 ""'ILvn, In them all (d"pile thoir dineI"
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01, a. ,,-dl a, I",,' able plan',;. Wh,,, i, ill COl1\mOn in ,he", motion. i. 'hat all of Ihem ha\'~ ,he" ,,, ..... 'from outs,d,' 'I'~v)' Ihcm , 2. ~ l",jOt' due to ·d ... tlux of bodi' ,~, p;)a'" , ..... a"",,"'Ol". It i. 'L'l",1 ,hat ,hi, ",01ioll " 11",' indud~d 'in ' he p,.."""ll discu";","· . na",d)" in ItiK.' Still ,he" i; rclNo< imagin"I'''' n,">re ;, too. 'an im p" "" ,,, I'rnd"c< " hon.'}"_ com l, aru.:.. X,,,,,n hdC"-. animal> ·i>c.,-oml ,hi. i",",,~oat i ,.,. .",h, n' . . . po,,,,,,,,, ""thing e1«:'. " ,he ",ork of bot hing d .. b", . be re,,",," ""idoi,, 'oo. "'hich • .. , be ;Jt a judW' a nd iO\·~"iga.or of ,h~ " 'A)" ill "hid> "'e o"gh, '" ,Ieal witb each of ,h em. i, Ou r "',k." It ;" Ou' of the", con,i,km_ ,io11l of mOliou, ,I"" doe id,.. "( J "dge",cu t m,ke. >cme. For ,",h ~, ;. mainly co",;ticITd '" motion ""n' from 'he frttdom of rmiou.>! C'~" 'Hf"' . On ',cco",,, of ,lci •. no ,..~oi"nal cn""'''~ can pcr....".1"''I''"".bil;t)"
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'10 t13rtbl '" th e ex,,,,,,i,,," ... here th e ",ill of God a"d the ".. ill of mti",,~1 e",.' ure, encoun'a each o,h«. On 'he onc hand, ' he """h:,oReahie "iU of(;od is O1"n;1. ~lL!CIo more ol'C" m"" a r~.ional being . u~h "' ma" [,., alwa)"••"Sag0,,1, e'-or ow, ",i,)'"", ",,,,e """'e'"eo' ~ilher guod or "i1.»1I G i,'co lhe I"",;c"br mea"· ing .",ihuted '0 'mu"cment" \".""']~. w '"u ,cl)' rre" ac,io" i" ~JI mnb of life) at ,hi. poi'" "'i,ho'" naming the que"ion of time a' all he I"o,ide. an answer to .n)" I"menti.>l tritiei,Ul. ,,,ch '" ,ha' of I,(~j"u, agai"" 'he S'oic "iew of ,jme . \\1,,, doe, Origcu mea n by ,h,.", smc",","': TalUng imo """"\1nl tha' h"", 'mo,-.",C'i.... ,. tha, .. ac"",Uy ,knie,l . 11'0,14 in G,,""k. "1oC_b "> ""'''''.7oJu.. Can cOTrol",rale t hi •. It i, cloa, ,h .. "'"'''' ,,"'n. «"lo>o~d "i,h '''''''''''. " .i,he< a So" of God Cd. SM of th< .h-il; ;n ",h.,. ",""lo , h. "",un;",;u Cd h< doe. (W~ COOO,,"t ,u" g ,,,O tlto... i. ""'bioS b...,.een conu'litting ,iD ",,,I "'~ C«tlmiItiog -.in .,,:&vC>; 6vro.; p, XlIl --.It"', 11. 1~, ru.. IV. 15 ' 00,..,-. ~ The O!..l S, ... h of mOlio" lhi, ;, 'he 0'"'
of m.jor
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FoUowing frum 'he J1lall tlCC, ill which 'he S'o;c I~ml motion " ""nb ,, 'c,j th e ucw impo" ,fuc,(ji;ffi nl>O\ ... ·ex.C)ond ,I,,· m ..." "."w.J ch,,,·,,",, ·, of thi, ""tension. the,,' " 1n0'"' to I.. C chardc«r. In it i,
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until 00, .uch "-< 'n;t",,,ed - \U t",,,, ... ,,,·,,,,,. 'h.«, a tri.1 thal ;, a ,-h.lkn!!" IQ f' tria~ thi; i, ... h,u /in",lIr ,ho .... wh'" ,he o'e.,,1I i•. 111 .«lEx. Ib~ ponioo Ex. 31. I ('And ,.he Lom >1"'ke ""'0 ~r, ...." say ing' i, OSg • time,"
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D.,Oej .. /.,;"" 111.1.17_ " 1..1. " fi.< triod ""t . 11,i. i ••cg,,,,kd al", a. a '"",a,,,,,, and cri_ tmnn', ,~~ '0 much fu,;ng IjIIORhtJ' of time). b." m.'a,u';ng qo;d'9 lof on:~",.dr frcc ", oml .c,;on , 'lime i; 'he c"co,;ou "' hcr~ f"""dom Os lri< ...." 11..,1 ,I"'Y ,,«< roofec1\""' ,\ccortiingil· io ",,,.~ it ;; "al,..! : ··So ., "' "r~'o or r boic.
" In.. IXL Cf. 1bK. 11 1. 1.10. ~
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r..- "" j;CCll ro'I>, i""eOU ' .n) eau"" lh~' ','aeh "nc ha, ixC Ol way io the pre>eot "8", he ",.ill aI", so ib rn" futu .., a. be ;0 ["'" d~1 on ,he 1''''1 ageS' H., d"pe!l...,J 'hitlg; '0' a ,;nojl., " 'ay ," re,!"'C1 10 all rati01,~1 ("". n" ..,,',"
l\C\'Cn bd= ' h"n: i, • UoriOll of eau.aIi,)" iu thi; "o"""l"iou of ,i",,,, I.c' '" ,h"u >co 1"", of hi, 'l!'00>~""" d • .!"" .... ical lall-' of u'''",''. If he ;, OH ' he fofth lloor of a buildi"8 a"d jun' p" "''' of the ".",,1011, he ,,'iU fall do,,'" "",I bo: "'"",'ded or kiUed. Hi> hedo", doeo "'" eh'ail 'hn' he i,; 'fr"" no, to bt .ubj "'" 1ou!)htr C( It. "",",~. ·G"",~ ...1 11..,'". p. HI. I d-ulI .... ,u..-.... 11';' , ....- ••elf ....., H ;, ..,,,,,,1 mr """f'l N"l1~\!P J" "o!,,' n ~ " ~l"() ,0.11 "! "4J. ",,~u"lipnr ' .1>0:) ,, 0. 'I'u.>" CI" """ .'w'1' ''£'''-''1 c "'IP.
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pccurri tlg ., c~"ain mame" .. of cont ,,,u,,m of tin", _ .ctuaUy :.11Ce.. and ,Lctc""illC> ' he collc"l',iou of DIJ t;metwcen rm<J.t I"" ",,,,,ctwlIg brp..l a,~1 rffir' .. ",me,hillg 'lflnl coul,1 "lake ""me ill 'he al&""" of ,;me. Tbe ""tire world i, ,""'por~1 ~nd i, ill ""I)" " 'i,hi ,, time ~'a, .-",a",,,,ly hedom ca" mak. "",..,.... For f......,OOm 1"'''''1'''''''''' 'h,' 1'0..,ibiJi,)' of (a1 leas,) " ,hkmma. "f ,dle,,';o", "pon i', uf and d",;"". AU ,he,,· f"'ohie, ca" make >,,,,,.. O1,J)" ~, "'''''''''"' ill ,ime. Fo, " rA,;ooal "",.n,,,, fir" f""". " mul,;,ude of po.. ibili,;",. tIuIi ro"",le'" ,hem. tIuIi form. hi. "'W ,,,,01 INn "",k"" his choilio" of ,jm" arid mo,;on. Origcn goc. ahead ,,'i,1t ,h"lol';rlg I... no,ion of ~,,,,,",i;ICU' ""u'Co""", lit", ~ abou, """"" of fa"""", tt.. ffrcc actiou wluch ,.-~, realized in the rre.dom pf ",-ilL Ik>)', ",,"tahon """" ...1 in "'I"''')-' ing CC of "0< .. ao, pl.... ,I....., '''00 m,;n",;n ,b., ,","»1 hu'~ io thi, ",u,Id", b) 11", I""';,koc< ofGo,I,. doctruoe "hKh
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331 Th" condu';()Il ,I"" epitmiL", the coucq>tio n <J; i "~,,,ial cau>,lily ,."u; (ltu" E.d, !.goo of (;,.1 ,,,d "Jt,. since (Ici. i, ,he ".,,,,., "he,,' (I ... rli\'ine " 'ill along wilh 'he m;a""dr on.- i, ",,,Ii.c,L Th"., (he nO(iQll' f I) coutill " it}" of time, 2 '1.-.:niC"di" dj",olltim,i(y of "1",oc a'MJ 3 ,mi· «""ut)" of !latul'< of rntional c",a'ure. ~1I pla)" a ';~'UrlCall( rol< iu (h. C_"I'''''ilion of (hc concqnioD of th,' c.. u~~li'r ""d it> dcq>Cr ,;grutic~"
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T h",,' ar~ ",no", I'~."-"" for O rigc " 10 . 1""" fvl' (h;" ca"",~()" in time . 1 10",,, al",ad)' lllcr ,,,caning 10 freedom ,nd. tberefort, ,,) timc. 'l1u, i< "' h)' tcm" like prop/!-.y. pro.tIiM. Mpt. "P«lI1IUJ •• ,foijiJ/m"'l ,,,,11.:..'''''' are ",..d. If the .... "'-n' no oncntation to".rds (he r,,(ure and no h"P'". ,he" rre«lom sI>o,dd I~· ahsoJooci) me"";,'g1 o"C:'l iud. )k';d< .. the """,mua,;OI1 of rim" t\trough th ."" fix ..1 poi",. ba, the m"ani"g of gi';ns 10 ralional b"ulg. oue "'0'" d'~ 'lCe IUf jmpro,'eme01 ~nd "",,"'lion. iD ~\is " " ) "i",ljcal _
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16, 167 . ." «0"" "...tf "",,;,le ,~. ",-'hl$ ,,,d koo., ]"ck",.r- "'-, p_ gs, Cf_ It . "","-h, ''G""", ",KI Time". pp. 19 ,~
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"'''pe. I 0,,1,. "')' ,h"t ,uch d;"i,,,,,ioll' "",m '0 me o,,,r .. impli;tic. '\ Iy , ubjc1ion of ca"""I· I",,,a,,,e of l. The ily i, dcarly ,ugge"ed throllgh 'he term I>o,--p1'"g in I'm~. d,'ermi" o. Ih. COli' cep tion of ,i llle i""lf nud i, i. a eous,i" ,, '..., demem of errn,ioll. Ilu, O"Cc thi, ,,'" ",~bli,h~d. God i, Ut1 I"",ial. ' 11"". ahhollgh ~,. 1'1:')' exi''''II,"," "f ,hi., I, ,) i, 1>1ing , hat something . I ~m)·er..\lorw,-.:r. if ',be ",idled are """""':00 from It... ,,"'Om!>"" ~Jld th,' righ,,'c .hal l pr,,)" r..". a ",.,,>.W ,ime. I "m t.e,,'uv. d,;, or Ih., "1'.... , I,i", '061io"t:SSiow! ilI\I"lf~'" i, ,ba, Ihe .... L";o"
hc''''c",,'' m"n ""d God i" PF~),", ;, COtocc;,..,d a, a ",.5ali:t ....1.1iCCll ci'ha from the poi'" of ,ic,.,. of time OT (hal of ';mcle"· lien. "11,< fm. i. 'lui.e . imple. >ince thi . n::bti(~l i. realize,i "' ti",f': (h~ ...,.,,)0 ofpmyer ",ha,",,'", 'hi' mal" be, tbat i, f,dfiUmebt ftLe pcti1io", or !>o(1 i. n"dcNiooo;l 10 corn. ajItr pm)"'. 1:1"1 10 iCe ,hi. ,-dation from a "md,,» po;'" of I'ie,,· i, .~tT(mcly diAicuh. inck:l imfX>'l>i 1,le_ Acrordi1lg t" a c
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,~ R, """~'.' '. 'I ,,;U l>eSlOV< ' (Oo"'~""I"",).L. c.",.o\I). i1 i, O,igo'" "ilo "")~' ",,-10"0",-er ",,!» ..... "1~)ljcd '0 ,;mcb"",,;, 'h" 1 "-I",, "will <x i" ill th e fillo"''''' '' !'rOt" a tin"']"" po;", of '.;0 .... d.oint of ,;Cl' ,ake< l~a~c at "'01 Tbi. become> d]",nds {,I",t i" MI,> ~t ,h" ,imc of pr",)",. Wha' exi... Id'on: " hi. J.",m'lnig< of ,hi, ~et. in 'he o;"n, ,I"" (;",1 ha. forelmowlcdge of "'''I)·,hing ,h", ",-ill in ..-orld. A,,) no,;o" of ~. 'h,·..,fo ..... doo-s no, I'u ,,,i,\" bu, 'i, ",,' .\aid !"'r~u'" i, " ,,, goiHg 10 take ~I""e' , ,,. It ;., QU, of ' h~ """,jf"",alio" of God io 11", wo,.ld thal "" all I~,,-~ SQ 'IlC • rl",lcc'ical ,d" ,i"" ,,·i.h him . In 'he,," ""uo", 'ro",' ",.iog· i, induded ab.o; ye. ,hi, i. not ull(k r>lo"d a. 3 kinu,o,,«r.blc and '~
Urig;.",,1 on , ~'",m a timd." poi'" "f ,·ic-"'. h",,"c,..;r, Ihi, distit •.:';"" makes no ac'"al ' ''''''. 0" accou nt of the ah... nc. of tim., In a causali,y ,,"h~r< wth 'ime "00 ,imcb,n"", are il\\'ol"l p'' ' of ,;.-w alld ,hi. ea"",.li,)" ,,· ltort tlt e . uccc-t h.,-.: hee" ;1a'cJ in , fon" " if 'hey ' had al""d)" ""''',. to I"''', namely I'rt" T"n", '" Trini,)· ""'. ,h"m as already ha,ing OOme to 1""" \,,~,6. 'i5~ ~,·i.vo, , by ,-i""c of 'he fac, ,ltat ' ,in:Il)' ,hi,: c,-"n in regard f our vi>iblo uui,-er:;c. tha, d,e ll otion of JimuIhmt"lui.)· an: baoed lJ p" ,hi. prc1lli..:, i, i. ,~k ll for granted tha, God'. ' uo,,~ a o!!icc,i,-dy tb
1wh a. 'any on"m'''' of Iune i! 'he ."n", in all place,' (1'. G."""ci;' or '.ve!) jndi,-isibk mum",,, "fd""'~liOl\;'
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an)" m of'e ,';ewed:.os (j",ddS or ..xj". illg ill adl',,,,,,e, 'h" to '" ac1u,lI)" "'P""""" what 'he Ih.otvgian n;all y held .00," 'h, ,\i" ioc ,,;11 . AppcalillS '0 '''''' of God', ·rel'e"'"oc~·. Still he ", akes " "C'Y timd"'''''", al 1"""', wh;d "'oDld b< I'a,~ "",;",,, '"ell1ion: (;":""1(>0
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R_ ",,"bp_ Of- 11 ;" at.,,,, 1he d;";IlC wowl".!gc ,,·;,b cc,>cc' to 'he entin:.)" of t'mc. T hen: i> rtf_ =ncc to th e n chll'" of 0",1'. km",blg< of 'he tLin". Jl"" and and f,,,,,re ye. , h" kno..-Iecribcs.' " III tko, he '1,.,."b of wha, God I;ro.,". nOl ",.ha, God IWJ or tt,iIls. "''''''I'thing ... b.ed 10 ' he nOl;"" of"iU ;. actuall)" 'he """'dNlp ofhio ,,·ill at ' he ,jme ,,· hen 'h i' con,c. w a orabji ",marh. ' n,~ ca>< ;" d~1t G(~I k"",,', ""M}·th ing ,jmcl=ly "ud hi. ,",'iU i",elf is iU"al"cd only wbco "" oceum,nCe ,~ke. place. T h u. Ori&"u ann,i,,,."""- 212.
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in CO,""',, to Sor.bji '. CQ "".hlsioll .. , ,he ., me po i" t. Uri~"n hokl. ,hnt God;' o,"" i;.:icTll ,u~1 ha. ft,U knowi-.ou the I"SI deo;,il of ,d"" h"p",,'" in Ihe I'o'm"ld. W hat R. s",."bji ..""'" to!riCt on,,';"'icucc i. ,, I .< iutrod llCCd what G(~l ".. il l" "he will, ' mU if I pr.y Ikm 11 1)" pr~)"~r ;,'ill I.. ao,"'crec'~r of ,ime. ,\,; "1'1",.".-1 to thi. ,!.l;m,,,,1 ')'[>0logical imerp",,,,,i,,,, of hi"ory. ,.. lbi. i. ~ wi,I'-"'l'rtad. ),el falb· c;ou" ~Ikg,,'ion ",,,,,,, Ori!:" I\', ~\""gh " If I... h,·ld ,,,ch" concel" he WQuld '''''.-er h",,, a"iwblil>l •. C,.,.,~ j "J }' ,h~ topic of 'he ",b';on 1>' '''
n limil~,io" to f=do ", i, hu, an Mbitnlry corolbry, rc:tched ,,"ly ,b rollgh a log;"a] j ump. I Ihink ,I"" lh< di.,jn
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r"",.jQm . wh,,,oa. t hey ;" "01'''' !T)!'mk: h h»l>«fIp""'d ~ ~ If God', """".~;. ,;u." timt· ......... ,~"". con ]" kno.,' t ruth, "'h",h dd ,., d", flv" . ...r t;... ' er "",",,,, l"ik. G.i ... J ......... "', J."n""~. 1910, Ch. ~: ,\nf,,,, r.-;.~ , ~ n ", f,,,, m>lilit, of omni",","""". I'd- l\t. 1%2. "'PfU",,1 Ut Ch. 3 of hi> I.."., .. -r_ ... -''''''' o.Jonl, 19611: S .......""" ~"'~ ",od Im", ... bdi'r", J-,..j 1'+0, ", . 6:l ''''''-' '. 1'1'_ J (l9 2'; 11.'>;. c ..",, «d. -Ornru",o:_ .o.o,l ;"'1 K""un.fill. " 1:t' mcllti","cd: any moment of ' ime ;" the
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d"",tio" i , "w!,)·", b"", INe",'oh\."" s..",ondl.,.. Ib,") ....~ 1,...,,1 "" ' he .nif",;,,1 ,Ij"inct;on \~nributo;d ", God 1>d ' i",de,," kllowblgt: _ III Ih~ fLnAl """ I-,-,j,, ,hi, &";"",io,, "".ke. the .... hitrar.,. "' ''''''1>1;01' of attributing time to ' he """,t,,,, God. For thi. di"ill ct;ou can in no """y ",ake ;c,,,e "I'plied 10 G,~l hi"udf thi> ...",her " reb,;,,, con<eJ~i"" of God ... garded from a wmf>Oral poi,,, of ,'io:w. T he co nd,,";on i, 'hI Origel! hold. a conceptio n of ca ,,~'l il y be"... """ ti" " . llcl tilllo lc .. ,,~' •. li e ~'1'OlJ lJ(i, ,hi. LlI>Of] 'he noti"" of hello,", ,... ",,;on.>I C""""'C' , .. well .. On 'he raCt ",," 'heir "ill 0""'''' to a dia)U ",i,h ' he will of (;",1. Tbi> •• U '" the ",~I I:>< ,ohji"
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wn;msitl ... I>.,et ,;nce he is .. " tirel)" p,,,ooc,,picd ,,;th ,hi. world ,hroughout ,irut. Bu , if OTle hy ~U mea", "·"b",, '0 fUl,1 ",me :,11",;",,> ..,.],,",1 '" ,Ius '1""";00. ti,"" ~,. oo,.,.lu,;"" shou ld boo I),;" he b- " 'he real ",,',.oee of ,hi; inoo'1)(" reali,), nO' I'u, ill10 qUCOh"", I>ut a bo 'hi< i; nccl't of time of hi.. ,)"''' for lh< purpo", of hi, 0"'" lheological aim'. T h;" coocep';on ;, ,1",;';"..,ly ,hrollghou, h" entire work. Origen '. concq»ion of ti",e i, far mO'"" ad'''o
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'" Ze no'.. Fvr the notio" vf to be ;" IN wood, and tI"I> '" timJ.. in U rigtn i; far ,lin" .... ,,' from the Stoic "e»~, by .... a
hy be c~" use Stoic a' "ell as l\eopia'onic predica,ion. and yet ' 1'1'1)' to (hem a difloccn, iUlport hefitti"g
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h;" o\>''' 'hough' , ",-hid, ,,'a, b'er empl".,-od by ,he Capp.d"c~",. aud " ,"m "u", l>l:r of Chri"i:m I,.,i,cn. Th;, c",'c hi, ,h,,,,1)' of ,ime III (he ligh' of m) disc"",oll 'n thi, "".ti on, lh. originalj,y of ,\uS',,';no. ,h,,,,,,- of ,;mo .hould be ' ho'oughly ,ea;x,!-Cd. Fo, ".. h,,, i, currcudy al leged ., hi' jln",,,.1 « m,ri l,,";on a ,heo,!- of ,;me i. ';",ply a rcpe,itiOll of O,igc,,', origi1laJ p1 of time. Orige" "mplo)" prolong:";'>H of ,ime ror I';, ""'n pu"",,",,'. ht co",,.,,,, '0 1'.'8"'" thought , motion in .pace_ti,n" i; ,tt j ll " a n"'_ ural d'~"g
, "'IJ...., 2 tom,,,d acrof'(ling to ,hcm ."d i, i•• faclor "'hkh ' ....d,i"'ly . ffe",. 11.., form,,,io,, of th e"" "a,,,II,,, i"l>. So ' he "",ion of ,irn.. both dtlmni,,,, and it iVl6' 11M,J hy all the ~>l>«"'-' of a ccrt.in pIUlOllopb)", or thC (0 dicit an ac,i,,,, r.i,h it< C .... I l)Uijrling on his h~ar "",I ,a,iowl] " ..a"" ... Tlm., for ,10 < "'1101, oftim. to ex;" it i, not uccco;,3r)' the ",hole ilio"I,1 I...cadocians, !>a,.,i,ub,i) &.'\il. ""i,1 "bou, lin ... " ,,'hing mor~ th,,,, Orig" " did . ila,il .imply repe ... " 'hat ,h. A]<xalld ri ~n e"a hli.bed as ~ Ch";",i,," .icw of ,i n..o. ,\",1. ill 010< light of my anaJ.,x> iu 'hi> booo. "uS"";"" origiuali,y r """,,n ",iU cca", '0 e~;",. The di>,;oc,ion b.""~n "tem· poral ."d '""'I>or.1 o·.liti,·, .11)0".'" ill ,j bt:cau"" ""," ca"," ;'110 exi"~IIC< a. an "kmo", "f 'he "",ke. "p of ,he ,,,.,,,ld, whieh ,,;11 I"we " fin;,c d",a';ol1. ·!kfOrT· or ·afier". '" '0 'pcak . ,hi, ']lIrn,;ou 'here i, onl)" timcl ..."e", 'I'h,· oo"e'l',ioll of tim. ;. ~" • ...,ntial ..J'.""-1\1 '" ,hj, ,h,,'glu. " hieh ph)--a. hackgr,,,,d .....,,-.;1. "XI,,,, .. ,·c, ~> ""1;;11 ., dcep. \\,h .. ;, od",i,..I>1":11)·. "'1,clem eh",,"'ter_ 'n \;, i, illd"",1
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0".. ,hal ,ime I"hho"gh iD p,.j"dpk " ..., oraJ ,·lem,·,,' h~, also '.';00'" inc)"_ On :.ero''''' of Lhi. f" ..-doIn. 'he ,Io,,,,,ion of an "eon, of thoo< "'hieh CUm l";": 'he "n';"'I)' of ,ime. a ,,01 ",,0>10.0' or pn:dctcnnined. h i, ,,01 dc'ennined ei, Iocr b)" k~'i or b) aD)" M/IJbJtW!ljOb1Ii; ... b", i, ;" 'he oll!Com" of ,h;" ,,/MiM betwee" r;",1 a"d ,be ,,-orM, Otigo'n h"c-d in ~ political and spu-i"",l en';runmcm in "lU comp"''')" ...·i' h Stoici,m .
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