Last Minute Internal Medicine
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Last Minute Internal Medicine REBECCA A. MIKSAD, MD, MPH Instructor in Medicine Attending Physician Division of Hematology and Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
PATRICIA A. DELAMORA, MD Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Attending Physician, Pediatric Infectious Diseases New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
GEORGE KEITH MEYER, MD Attending Physician Miami Children’s Hospital Division of Critical Care Medicine Medical Director-LifeFlight® Section Director-Neuro Intensive Care Section Director-Patient Safety and Outcomes Section Director-Clinical Research Miami, Florida
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Contents Authors/Associate Editors Contributors Preface 1 CARDIOLOGY
vii ix xiii 1
2 PULMONOLOGY
45
3 CRITICAL CARE
71
4 GASTROENTEROLOGY
94
5 NEPHROLOGY
137
6 UROLOGY
171
7 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
183
8 ENDOCRINOLOGY
237
9 HEMATOLOGY
263
10 ONCOLOGY
306
11 RHEUMATOLOGY
331
12 PERIOPERATIVE CARE
354
13 OPHTHALMOLOGY
362
14 DERMATOLOGY
371
15 SPORTS MEDICINE
392
16 WOMEN’S HEALTH
409
17 GERIATRICS
423
18 ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
431
19 NEUROLOGY
442
20 PSYCHIATRY
470
21 ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
487
22 NUTRITION
495
23 BASIC STATISTICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
503
Appendix Index
508 517
Authors Rebecca A. Miksad, MD, MPH
George Keith Meyer, MD
Instructor in Medicine Attending Physician Division of Hematology and Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Miami Children’s Hospital Division of Critical Care Medicine Medical Director-LifeFlight® Section Director-Neuro Intensive Care Section Director-Patient Safety and Outcomes Section Director-Clinical Research Miami, Florida
Patricia A. DeLaMora, MD
Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Attending Physician, Pediatric Infectious Diseases New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Associate Editors Suzanne Baumwell, MD
Reyan Ghany, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Jackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida
Stephanie Heon, MD
Hilton Gomes, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Jackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida
Shoshana J. Herzig, MD
Alina Khan, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Jackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
Contributors Douglas M. Beach, MD
Timothy C. Dutta, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Sigall Bell, MD
Petros Efthimiou, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
The Hospital for Special Surgery New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Claire Boccia-Liang, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Lara Rymarquis Fuchs, MD
Bellevue Hospital New York University New York, New York
Mariana C. Castells, MD, PhD
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Victor D. Guardiola, MD
Jackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami School of Medicine Miami, Florida
Christine M. Choi, MD, MBA
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Claudia Ginsberg, MD
Sergai N. DeLaMora, MD
Choli Hartono, MD
New York Orthopaedics Scarsdale, New York
Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Morristown Memorial Hospital Morristown, New Jersey
Sandhya Dhruvakumar, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Naomi Hayashi, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
David P. Dobesh, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo, MD
Miami Children’s Hospital Miami, Florida
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
x
Contributors
F. Ida Hsu, MD
Raymond D. Pastore, MD
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Michelle Kang Kim, MD
Jay Raman, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Keith LaScalea, MD
Gregory J. Riely, MD, PhD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University The Hospital for Special Surgery New York, New York
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York
May C. Lau, MD, MPH
Miami Children’s Hospital Miami, Florida
John B. Roseman, MD
McLean Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Joseph E. Safdieh, MD
Thomas C. Lee, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Robert Schaefer, MD
Jonah Licht, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Stephen Scheidt, MD
Miami Children’s Hospital Miami, Florida
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Joseph A. Markenson, MD
Douglas S. Scherr, MD
Hospital for Special Surgery Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Shunda M. McGahee, MD
Jila Senemar, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Baptist Hospital of Miami Miami, Florida
Jacqueline C. Machado, MD
Contributors
xi
Saumil R. Shah, MD
Jonathan A. Waitman, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Abby Siegel, MD
Thomas H. Watson, MD
Columbia Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University New York, New York Ann Tilley, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Gil Weitzman, MD
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Dana Zappetti, MD
Tiffany Traina, MD
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York
Preface We are pleased to introduce a unique concept for internal medicine board preparation. While studying for our boards, we found many review books but none that efficiently provided high-yield information in an easy-to-read table format. Our colleagues, both recent residency graduates and practicing physicians, were similarly frustrated with the options available to study for the boards. Our goal is to provide the reader with a book that can be picked up to quickly review a focused topic or to study a summary of key concepts. This book provides high-yield, easy-to-read, absolutelyneed-to-know information without burdening the reader with extraneous details. This book is designed to arm you with the essential information required to pass the internal medicine board exam. Our philosophy is that it is more important to understand core concepts and the primary distinguishing features of each disease, rather than disparate pieces of detailed information.
We recommend reading this book before the initiation of studying for the exam in order to identify your strengths and weaknesses, during studying to help you focus on important details, and at the end of studying to solidify key concepts. We would like to thank everyone who contributed their time, expertise, and guidance in writing this book. In particular, we would like to thank the faculty and fellows of New YorkPresbyterian Hospital/Weill Medical College of Cornell University for their support and contributions. We would also like to thank Jim Shanahan of McGraw-Hill for his encouragement and guidance during this project. Rebecca A. Miksad Patricia A. DeLaMora George Keith Meyer
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
Last Minute Internal Medicine
Chapter
1
Cardiology
1 Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
Table 1-1
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Prevention Goals PRIMARY PREVENTION GOAL (DECREASE RISK OF FIRST CATEGORY
Major Risk Factors
RISK FACTOR
Hypertension Diabetes (CAD equivalent) Dyslipidemia • Elevated LDL-C • Low HDL cholesterol (45 years • Female >55 years Family history of premature CAD Elevated triglycerides Obesity Sedentary lifestyle
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT IN PERSONS WITHOUT KNOWN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE)
SECONDARY PREVENTION GOAL (DECREASE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PERSONS WITH KNOWN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE)
