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Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares Author(s): Susan I. Rotroff Source: The Athenian Agora, Vol. 33, Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares (2006), pp. iii-iv, vii -ix, xi-xxi, xxiii-xxxvii, 1, 3-53, 55-67, 69-223, 225-239, 241, 243-337, 339, 341-377, 379-391, 393-399, 401-403, 405-407, 409-429, 431-438 Published by: American School of Classical Studies at Athens Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25481903 Accessed: 12/02/2010 09:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ascsa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
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THE
AGORA
ATHENIAN
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED THE AMERICAN
BY
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME XXXIII
HELLENISTIC
POTTERY
THE PLAIN WARES BY SUSAN
THE AMERICAN
I. ROTROFF
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES AT ATHENS
NEW JERSEY 2006
PRINCETON,
? The American
Library Rotroff,
of Congress Susan
of Classical
School
at Athens,
Studies
2006
Data
Cataloging-in-Publication 1947
L,
: the wares / by Susan pottery plain cm. ? ;v. 33) (The Athenian p. Agora index. references and Includes bibliographical ISBN-13: 978-0-87661-233-0 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-87661-233-8 (alk. paper)
I. Rotroff.
1. Pottery,
Hellenistic? 2. Pottery, 4. Cookware?Greece?Athens.
Hellenistic
Catalogs. 5. Agora
Hellenistic?Expertising?Greece?Athens. 3. Ceramic tableware?Greece?Athens. Greece)
(Athens,
DF287.A23A5
I. Title.
II. Series.
vol. 33
[NK3840] 938'.5
s?dc22
2006040782
[738.30938]
typography 6-8
charlton printed
by
edwards
brothers,
by ascsa street,
in the
publications new
princeton,
united incorporated,
states
of ann
jersey america arbor,
michigan
PREFACE
volume completes the primary publication of the Hellenistic pottery of the Agora. an with XXII and most it of of the ceramics used overview XXIX, Together Agora provides This by Athenians from the later 4th to the 1st century B.C. I began the project in 1972; it has taken over 30 years to complete it, and I have enjoyed much generous help and support along the Iwould
way.
to express
like
my
to past
gratitude
and
of
directors
present
the excavations
for
in assigning this material tome and their support in the completion of this lengthy undertaking. T. Leslie Shear Jr. invited me to embark upon this study and, together
their confidence with
Homer
II, has
A. Thompson,
helped
supporting
my guided assistance
by providing the research through
earliest from
director, John McK. staff of the Agora Publication Agora
the volunteer
among of a Kress
the award
current
The
work.
Foundation
Camp and by Grant,
allowed me to spend eight months inAthens in 1999-2000, during the final phase of was Additional financial in analysis. support generously provided by the Solow Foundation the summer of 1998. I am also beholden toWashington me which has University, provided
which
an annual
with cost
of
activation
that
covered
miscellaneous many in reported Appendixes
analyses
friends and scholars have helped me with
Many leen
who
Lynch, in the pottery and
dirty,
account
research
the neutron
me
assisted
sample. dreary work
deposit
often
summer
in the This
was
another
I am grateful
tedious
job, in which
area
One
of
checking I have been
Studies
Planetary
student
dergraduate with pottery adventure ness
In another
deeply interdisciplinary their expertise and
of
the
context
task
into
something
approach
numbers
in the on
of others
is in the
of Earth
together
experience, with
equipment
the
Summaries.
and Jill Pasteris of the Department
dependent
spectroscopy.
Deposit
undertook
with
experimental To all three and someone
to
expertise Rachel
Popelka, of examination
of
them
I am
and
then
an un
some
of
the
for
the
grateful for their
Jill Brigitte far outside their
field.
willing I would
to undertake a large petrographic study, but Iwas unable to find a petrographer take on the project; James Stoltman of the took University of Wisconsin-Madison a and studied small sample of my wares, simply out of the kindness of his large the curiosity of his lively mind. field
to understand
the dating
the top of the list isKath
examination
Smith, who with equal willingness
University, undertook
of a
to share
have liked willing to pity on me heart and me
Raman
Washington at the university, laser microprobe
a tedious
turned
the many
especially
at
the
which involved undertaking, long, hard, the Stoa of Attalos, unpacking, vacuuming, never (which, pottery inevitably, quite fits back of meticulous standard work enhanced the value
scientific analysis of the fabrics. Brigitte Wopenka and
with
the
including
of
also to Christine
the
this study. Near 1998
expenses, and B.
an enormous
in the basement
and sorting, recording, counting, repacking into the tins whence it came). Kathleen's of the data recovered, and her cheerfulness
ing a pleasure.
of
A
in which
I can make
the implications
of Athenian
bronze
no
claim
to
expertise?numismatics?Jack
of the revision of the Rhodian
coinage.
amphora
Kroll
helped
chronology
for
viii
The number the material
of people not
does
have
read
and
and
amphoras Summaries
provided
in advance of the publication me
her
on
work
of
transport
the braziers,
of
Lawall
helped
Gerald
valuable me
saving me to
of
I have
Isthmia.
is intimately
advice. Odile an many the archive
from
negotiate read a draft
also
of my for Rhodian
from
benefited
the material
with
familiar
has
and
the
amphoras?but
Finkielsztejn his new chronology
about
small?obviously
em of
Deposit stamps,
shared with
of his book. Similarly, Virginia Anderson-Stojanovic
the beehives who
Edwards,
Roger
and many
at the stamps Agora. me with information
amphora
and
is relatively
of them have offered me
on my account Koehler and Mark
Carolyn
or even
of red-figure
commented
error.
barrassing
in the study of plain pottery
the appeal
its experts,
field has produced Didelot
engaged
PREFACE
with
correspondence a constant been
source
of ideas, insights, and unlikely bibliography. He has passed on tome many notes and papers, including detailed analyses of the stratigraphy of many of the deposits, which have been of the Deposit Summaries. especial help in compiling Hellenistic
Much cially
aid
important was
generous to Jean-Yves and to Cecile
Levine
Tikva
time, expertise, and Marie-Dominique
Empereur for Harlaut an
me
gave
and
her
with
extensive
access
and
unpublished, at many sites.
is a cru
to this material as
Corinth,
thanks to directors Charles Williams
and its storerooms, particular, I am grateful Alexandria,
remains pottery plain to me that was offered
always,
its doors
opened
in
and Guy Sanders; Nancy Bookidis, to the
visits
my during for facilitating my the French excavations
hospitality Nenna
me from pottery showing tour of the rich ceramic trove
site. to
visit there.
at Tel Marisa,
excavated
showed Dalit Regev shared with me her work on ceramics at Akko, and Malka Hershkovitz me Hellenistic pottery from Tel Dan. I have also learned much about fabrics and the pitfalls of
scientific
an
these
and
are
to find,
difficult
as
was
always,
but
a rich
Iwas
source.
also
able
of Many to several
material. comparative access to have fortunate
been
I have
ideas.
School of Classi
strengths. The Blegen Library of the American
libraries with complementary cal Studies,
on
conferences
periodic
and
of information exchange source of richest the
the
remain
however,
articles,
publications
for
forum
important
The
Blonde.
Francine
and Yannis Tourat (Stella Drougou by Greek archaeologists field in have the this active area) enormously and opened up
Hellenistic pottery organized been particularly have soglou provided Books
with
in conversations
analysis
to find many
important
of
publications
in the libraries of Jerusalem: at the Albright Institute, the Rockefeller Near Eastern material and Hebrew University, all of which were the Ecole biblique et archeologique, Museum, and
welcoming Books
can
provide
to Andrea
indebted whose
places models
fascinating
also
Berlin's the
scheme
for
had
the good
to work. for
publication of
presentation
of material.
the presentation
of the plain ceramics I have
shapes
and
borrowed
I am heavily
In this respect
of Tel Anafa
(TelAnafa
adapted
to
II.l),
the Agora
material. I have
luck
to find
excellent
had the plain I began this project, pottery more or less undisturbed, for a the Agora, as or that the shellac of 1981, earthquake Stamatatou Maria the excavation degraded. and each vessel and vacuuming removing
at the Agora When excavations. support of on open in the basement shelves sitting in the either Much had been broken, generation. as adhesive in the earlier used had been days of technical
been
assisted cleaning
reorganization shelves. George
the retrieval of large and heavy vessels and storage containers Stoa
Conservation
basement.
rial and of older damaged also
offered
the
ceramics
of materials, procedure
advice
on
(though and use for
testing
and
of
restoration
objects, were overseen
of
in the the
the vessels,
perched both
on high
of newly
by Alice Paterakis
a wide
Dervos
of
some
of
the
fabrics.
collection,
helped
with
shelves in the mate
inventoried
and Julie Unruh.
of topics?the proper labeling, handling, range none the current of us is happy with solutions), storage a few?and to name of the binocular just microscope, the porosity
the
They
storage identification
of
devised
a
and
Julie
ix
PREFACE
are included in this volume, almost all of the material some archival photographs Although near the end was rephotographed by Craig Mauzy and (until the digital revolution occurred, of the project) the photographs were printed by Kyriaki Moustaki. Likewise, although many vessels
had
been
vessels
to be revised had of those drawings many draftspersons, as many was to it illustrate however, Since, my goal myself. a was needed. This was deal of additional drafting good
by earlier I undertook
drawn
a
and
reinked, project as with possible
drawings,
both of them artists with infinitely more undertaken by Sylvie Dumont and Anne Hooton, talent and patience for pottery illustration than myself. The plan of the Agora, with deposits was made
marked,
by Samantha
B. Dinsmoor
William The
overlapped interface
the
satisfactorily new many
the meeting
been
also
Several of my stays in Athens out more
to my
attention, "late-afternoon
of iced tea or as we trudged homeward of
port,
that journey, to offer ready
earlier
with
those of John Hayes, which
Carol Stein of the Publications eye eagle excellent
for
shepherded errors and
suggestions all her sense
above
for
the manuscript inconsistencies, the clearer
of humor
a can be. thing I would like to extend
Office
made
us to sort
enabled
material.
sense
his phenomenal pottery crew" of pottery people?Mark a board for ideas, sounding
friends.
and
the Roman
and
and
John
as
was,
always, Kathleen Lawall, over a discussed glass
Street at the end of the day. And at the
up Hadrian
care
the manuscript with extraordinary to its materially improvement. she
and
Anderson
colleagues
for me, was my husband, Bob Lamberton, waiting a ear and advice on whatever small sympathetic
read
guide
congenial
the Hellenistic
intellectual, I had encountered during the day. I owe special thanks to Andrea Berlin, Kathleen
as
by Richard
drawings
for
place
between
brought pieces an The regular inspiration. and Lynch, John Papadopoulos?provided end
on
Jr.
has
excavation
based
Martin,
an
problem,
practical
Slane, and Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan,
and made
many
of the American
of
the material.
stage
of
A woman
process. of both, Her
this project
who
contributed
to be an invaluable
School proved
the editorial through she saved me from many
presentation the editorial
that
suggestions
sup or
unwavering
with
and made
an
several
wisdom, expertise, as close to a pleasure
and as
such
special
thanks
to four members
of
staff who
the Agora
made
par
to this project. It is, of course, their job to support the work ticularly significant contributions of Agora scholars; but each has been willing to go well beyond the call of duty to help my work
and
I want
most
smoothly,
of
the
of the vessels published
and
Jan, for your each day.
them
to know
I it. Sylvie Dumont, As appreciate the that illustrate this book and excavation, many Registrar drawings access to the material. one of the also helped with She is forces behind day-to-day moving the computerization of the that is work with of inventory increasingly making large numbers easier. Anne of the also contributed of Hooton, Agora objects Draftsperson Agora, drawings at a sometimes short and me with flair. She has much notice, objects, always glorious taught as someone about and with wide of she and, excavations, drawing inking many experience to offer on ways of has been able advice and of arti ways working illustrating archaeological facts. Jan Jordan, of the excavation and custodian of its fields and coordi records, Secretary nates the queries, and other of staff and activities scholars and demands, complaints, visiting no one remains ever the fact that a task lets her finish calm, despite always uninterrupted. of the of a Stoa in who workweek of gargantuan Attalos, Craig Mauzy, Manager puts pro coordinated a in time of my photographic portions, requests rapidly changing technology, to accommodate and was new last-minute orders. The he produced of always quick images go
sociate
made
here
truly bring
how
much
of
the objects
to life. Thank
for your many of work, hours for your Sylvie, patience, and and for the company friendship, making Agora
your a
place
ideas, I was
you, Annie, and
Craig,
talents, your come to to eager
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv LIST OF TABLES
xxi
xxiii
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS PART I:GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.
3
INTRODUCTION
2. FABRICS
13
3. DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS
55
PART II: SHAPE STUDIES 4. HOUSEHOLD WARE 69 69
JUGS CHOUS (OINOCHOE, SHAPE 3) TREFOIL JUG: SPLIT RIM 71 OTHER TREFOIL JUGS MUSHROOM JUG 72
69
71 RIM
HELLENISTIC
JUG,
FORM
1: TIE-ON
HELLENISTIC
JUG,
FORM
2: THICKENED
73 HANDLE
RIM, HEAVY
76
OTHER LONG-NECKED JUGS 77 HELLENISTIC JUG, FORM 3: HIGH-SWUNG HANDLE 77 HELLENISTIC JUG, FORM 4: ROUND-MOUTH JUG NARROW-NECKED JUGS 79
78
ASKOS 79 BASKET-HANDLED
WATER
JUG
81
HYDRIA 82 LAGYNOS 82 AMPHORAS AMPHORA,
85 FORM
1: NARROW
NECK,
HANDLES
JOIN
BELOW
RIDGE
AMPHORA, FORM 2: NARROW NECK, HANDLES JOIN AT RIDGE AMPHORA, FORM 3: LATE CLASSICAL TABLE AMPHORA 87 AMPHORA, FORM 4: MINIATURE PELIKE 87 AMPHORA, FORM 5: ANGULAR BODY 88 AMPHORA, FORM 6: LARGE, WITH RIDGED HANDLES AMPHORA, FORM 7: LIDDED STORAGE AMPHORA 89 OTHER AMPHORAS
89
88
85
86
xii
CONTENTS
FUNNELS 90 FUNNEL, FORM 1: PROJECTING RIM FUNNEL, FORM 2: OUTTURNED RIM OTHER FUNNELS
90 91
92
VESSELS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE 92 STORAGE BIN, FORM 1; RIM WITH EXTERNAL FLANGE 94 STORAGE BIN, FORM 2: RIM WITH NO FLANGE 95 STORAGE BIN, FORM 3: RIM WITH INTERNAL FLANGE OTHER LARGE STORAGE VESSELS 97
96
PITHOS LIDS 98 MINIATURE PITHOS?
98
MORTARS 99 HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 1: PIECRUST HANDLES HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 2: LUG HANDLES 102 HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 3: BOLSTER HANDLES SERVING DISH (ESCHARA) 103
100 103 105
KRATERS KRATER, STANDARD FORM 105 OTHER KRATERS 108 LEKANAI 108 LEKANE, FORM 1:OFFSET RIM, UPTURNED HANDLES LEKANE, FORM 2: SHALLOW 110 LEKANE,
FORM
3: DEEP
LEKANE,
FORM
4: SHALLOW,
109
111 THUMBPRINT
HANDLES
112
OTHER LEKANAI 114 114
BOWLS DEEP BOWL 114 SHALLOW BOWL 114 SMALL BOWLS 115
116
BASINS
HEAVY BASINS 116 SHALLOW SPOUTED BASIN 116 DEEP SPOUTED BASIN 117 118
LIDS MISCELLANEOUS LIDS 118 FENESTRATED LID 118 TWO-HANDLED LID/BOWL
120 121
STANDS LOW STAND 121 AMPHORA STAND 122 OTHER HOUSEHOLD-WARE VESSELS BEEHIVES 124 STANDARD FORM 124 OTHER FORMS 129 DISCUSSION 130
122
xiii
CONTENTS
POTTER'S EQUIPMENT 131 POTTER'S WHEEL 132 KILN FURNITURE
133
5. VESSELS FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
135
SMALL SHAPES, MOSTLY OF BLISTER WARE
135
ARYBALLOS 136 OTHER SHAPES 137 FUSIFORM UNGUENTARIA
137
GRAY UNGUENTARIUM
140
UNGUENTARIA OF OTHER FABRICS
157
OTHER OIL AND UNGUENT CONTAINERS
160
MINIATURE AMPHORAS 160 PHOENICIAN AMPHORISKOS RADISH JAR VIAL
161
162 163
SMALL ONE-HANDLED JUGS 163 SMALL HANDLELESS POTS 164 6. COOKING WARE
165
CHYTRAI CHYTRA,
165 FORM
1: ONE-HANDLED,
LIDLESS
OTHER ONE-HANDLED CHYTRAI
167
169
CHYTRA, FORM 2: ONE DOUBLE HANDLE, LIDDED CHYTRA,
FORM
3: ONE
CHYTRA,
FORM
4: TWO-HANDLED,
VERTICAL
RIM
CHYTRA,
FORM
5: TWO-HANDLED,
LIDDED
173
CHYTRA,
FORM
6: TWO-HANDLED,
COLLAR
ROPE
HANDLE,
LIDDED
169
170
RIM
172
174
CHYTRA, FORM 7: ONE VERTICAL AND ONE HORIZONTAL HANDLE CHYTRA,
FORM
8: FLAT-RIMMED
CHYTRA,
FORM
9: WIDE-RIMMED
175 176
OTHER TWO-HANDLED, GLOBULAR CHYTRAI CHYTRA,
FORM
10: TWO-HANDLED,
LIDLESS
176 177
CHYTRA, FORM 11: BAGGY, HORIZONTAL HANDLES LOPADES
178 178
LOPAS, FORM 1:UPTURNED HANDLES, ROUNDED BOTTOM 179 LOPAS, FORM 2: UPTURNED HANDLES, FLAT BOTTOM 180 LOPAS,
FORM
3: ENGAGED
LOPAS,
FORM
4: STRAIGHT-SIDED,
HANDLES,
FLAT BOTTOM TWO HANDLES
LOPAS, FORM 5: STRAIGHT-SIDED, NO HANDLES OTHER LOPADES 186 PANS AND PARCHERS 186 PARCHER 187 PAN,
FORM
1: PLAIN,
WITH
HANDLES
188
PAN, FORM 2: PLAIN, WITHOUT HANDLES 190 PAN, FORM 3: PLAIN, TUBE HANDLES 190 PAN,
FORM
4: FLANGED
RIM
191
180 183
183
175
xiv
CONTENTS
PAN, FORM 5: GROOVED FLOOR 191 PAN, FORM 6: ORLO BIFIDO PAN 192 FORM
PAN,
7: FRYING
OTHER PANS
PAN
194
195
LIDS
195
LID, FORM 1: DOMED 196 LID, FORM 2: POLISHED 196 LID, FORM 3: LOW 197 LID, FORM 4: DOMED, WITH LARGE KNOB LID, FORM 5: CONICAL 198
197
LID, FORM 6: FLAT,WITH FINGER MARKS 198 OTHER LIDS 199 BRAZIERS AND COOKING STANDS
199
BRAZIER ON STAND, THREE MOLDMADE SUPPORTS BRAZIERWITH PLAIN, HANDMADE SUPPORTS 219 HORSESHOE COOKING STAND
200
220
OTHER BRAZIERS AND COOKING STANDS
221
OTHER COOKING EQUIPMENT 222 SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES 225 PART III: CATALOGUE 243 HOUSEHOLD WARE 245 VESSELS FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS COOKING WARE
286
303
PART IV:DEPOSIT SUMMARIES 341 APPENDIXES: ANALYSES OF CERAMIC SAMPLES A. INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF CERAMICS FROM
THE ATHENIAN
AGORA,
byHector
Neff
and Michael
D. Glascock
379
B. INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF UNGUENTARIA AND ATTIC FINE WARE FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA, byHector C. RAMAN by Brigitte
Neff
and Michael
LASER
D. Glascock
393
MICROPROBE SPECTROSCOPY, Rachel S. Popelka, Jill D. Pasteris,
Wopenka,
D. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
and Susan
I. Rotroff
405
CONCORDANCES AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS
409 424
COINS KNIDIAN TYPE (KT) NUMBERS 426 MURR SAMPLE NUMBERS AND AGORA SAMPLE NUMBERS INDEXES GENERAL INDEX 431 DEPOSIT INDEX 439 GREEK INDEX 441
427
401
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS jug, Form 1 75
of Hellenistic
1. Distribution
terracotta
2.
Distribution
of
beehives
3.
Distribution
of pseudo-Cypriot
4.
Distribution
of 3rd-century
127
gray
ware
of blister
made
amphoras
1 and
(Categories
unguentaria
and
gray
2)
147
fabric
unguentarium
143
of lopades of Forms 4 and 5 185
5. Distribution
CHARTS 1.
Household
fabrics fabrics
Cooking
3.
Relative
4.
Overview
of household
5.
Overview
of
6.
Relative
7.
Relative
8.
Jugs
9.
Amphoras
10.
Funnels
representation
of
in deposit
Chronological
12.
Lekanai
13.
Fabrics
15.
Average
16.
Cooking-pot
17.
Local
storage
bowls
small
number
forms
19.
forms
Lopas
20.
Parcher
21.
Cooking-ware
22.
Braziers
and
and
forms
pan lids
in deposit
cooking
stands
and
in deposit
23.
Chronological
ranges
of jugs
24.
Chronological
ranges
of
25.
Chronological
ranges
of funnels
Chronological
ranges
of mortars
27.
Chronological
ranges
of
28.
Chronological
ranges
of
29.
Chronological
ranges
of various
166
Catalogue
187
196
inventory and
inventory
bins
228
229
serving
dish
and
lekanai
and
bowls
household
167
179 inventory
sample
storage
uninventoried) 166
Catalogue
227 and
152
graves
and
226
amphoras
26.
and
and
and
sample
Street
and
inventory sample
107
inventory
109
inventory
inventory, and
in deposit
62
91
(inventoried
inventory,
sample
sample
forms
inventory
141
deposit
sample,
sample,
in deposit
in the
and
sample
inventory
in the Lenormant
per
in deposit
in deposit
containers
(excluding
vessels
inventory
in deposit and
inventory
and
in deposit
types
inventory
and
sample
in the
of unguentaria
in the
water-jug
85
inventory
sample
at the Agora
52-53
70
of kraters
in deposit
temper,
cooking
37
inventory
and Hellenistic
fabrics
imported
in deposit
unguentaria
unguentaria
chytra
and
sample bins
Pink
buff,
fabrics
and
inventory
distribution
and of
local
and
sample
and
Chytra
shapes
in the
fabrics
cooking
in characterized
of household
11.
18.
cooking
37
inventory
in Pinkish
shapes
17
inventory
of characterized
representation
in deposit
Gray
in the
represented
representation
14.
in the
represented
2.
krater
230
231 shapes
232
201
155
fabrics
and
50-51
unguentaria)
62
ILLUSTRATIONS
xvi 30.
Chronological
ranges
of gray
31.
Chronological
ranges
of various
34.
ranges
of parchers
ranges
of cooking-ware
ranges
of braziers
Chronological
36.
Chronological
236 and
237
pans
238
lids
and
between
Relationship
in Pinkish buff fabric 1
22
4. Shapes made 5. Shapes made
in Pinkish buff fabric 2
23
in Pinkish buff fabric 3
24
Shapes made 7. Shapes made
in Pink temper fabric 1 26 in Pink temper fabrics 2 and 3
3.
6.
8. 9. 10.
Shapes
made
in Hellenistic
Shapes
made
in Classical
Shapes
made
in Micaceous
12.
Shapes
27
38
fabric
cooking
40
fabric
cooking
in Schist
made
perhaps
41
46 in Lopas 5 cooking fabric 47 fabric in Slate cooking
15. Shapes made 16. Shapes made
in Gritty ochre cooking fabric 48 in Pan 1 cooking fabric dates
of different
of unguentaria
Comparison
42
fabric
cooking
13. Shapes made 14. Shapes made
17.
48
with
the
same
PCA
of Principal
biplot
in the Athenian
determined A. 2. Bivariate
of
plot
Athenian
Agora
A.3.
Bivariate
plot
B.l.
PCA
Agora
thorium
and
of calcium
of Principal
D.l. D.2.
Bivariate Ternary Ternary
in the Household-fabric
concentrations
plot
of
Agora and
calcium
fine wares
and Attic
of matrix,
sand,
and
temper
diagram
of matrix,
sand,
and
silt
in body
in paste
of
of
samples 407 samples
jug:
split
rim
trefoil jugs. Mushroom jug 3. Hellensitic jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pinkish buff fabric)
2. Other 4.
Hellenistic
5. Hellenistic
from
jug,
Form
1: disk
foot
Agora
samples
(Hellenistic
matrix
water-jug
jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pink temper fabric)
fabric)
for
32 elements
395
in the Athenian
concentrations
diagram
Chous.Trefoil
Athenian
the variance-covariance
2 of
FIGURES 1.
samples
387
unguentaria thorium
in the MURR
concentrations
1 and
Components
in Athenian
determined B.2.
32 elements
the
386
samples in the BNL Greek database biplot
for
385
samples
scandium
and
sodium
matrix
the variance-covariance
2 of
1 and
Components
156
capacities
FIGURES
APPENDIX A.l.
11
Catalogue
30
fabric
water-jug
in Schist cooking fabric
11. Shapes made
and
19
inAttic fine fabric
2. Shapes made Shapes made
ILLUSTRATIONS
inventory,
sample,
deposit
239
stands
cooking
TEXT 1.
234
containers
unguent
235
ranges of chytrai ranges of lopades
Chronological
and
oil
32. Chronological 33. Chronological 35.
233
unguentaria
Agora 407
samples
396
along
with
ILLUSTRATIONS
xvii
6. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: disk foot (other fabrics) and ring foot (Pink temper fabric) jug,
7.
Hellenistic
8.
Hellenistic
9.
Other
jug,
Form
1: ring
Form
2
long-necked
10.
Hellenistic
jug,
11.
Hellenistic
jug,
12.
Hellenistic
13.
Askos
3
jug,
Form
4: flat bottom
Form
4: ring
14.
Basket-handled
water
Basket-handled
water
16.
Lagynos Lagynos
18.
Lagynos
19.
Forms
1 and
Amphora,
Forms
3-6
21.
Amphora,
22.
Other
foot jugs
23.
Funnel,
Form
24.
Storage
bin,
Form
1
25.
Storage
bin,
Form
1
Storage
bin,
Form
1
2
7. Other
amphoras 1
Form
Funnel,
amphoras.
disk
Narrow-necked
jug. Hydria
Amphora,
Form
and
foot.
jug
20.
26.
fabrics)
(other
jugs Form
15.
17.
foot
2. Other
funnels
27. Storage bin, Form 2 (large) Forms
28.
Storage
29.
Large
30.
Classical
31.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
1
32.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
1
33.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Forms
bin,
2
vessel.
storage mortar.
and
(small) Pithos
3. Other
Hellenistic
2 and
pithos?
Form
mortar,
storage
large
lids. Miniature
1
3
34. Serving dish 35. Serving dish 36.
Krater,
standard
form:
37.
Krater,
standard
form:
38.
Krater,
standard
form:
39.
Other
40.
Lekane,
Form
41.
kraters.
disk, ring
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
Lekane,
Form
1
Lekane,
Form
2
43.
Lekane,
Form
3
44.
Lekane,
Form
3
45.
Lekane,
Form
3 4
4: flat bottom
:
Lekane,
Form
47.
Lekane,
Form
48.
Lekane,
Form
4: recessed
49.
Lekane,
Form
4: heavy
50.
bowl.
Deep
ring
Shallow
Shallow
bowl:
ring
52.
Shallow
bowl:
small
Heavy
basins
54.
Heavy
basin
Heavy
basin.
55. 56.
Lid.
57.
Stands.
58.
Beehive
Fenestrated Other
and
1
disk
base;
foot
flat, decorated
disk
rim
rim. Other
decorated
wall,
bowl:
51.
53.
foot
1
42.
46.
unknown
unknown
Form
Lekane,
and
ring, and
lekanai
foot
foot
Shallow
and
footless.
spouted
lid. Two-handled household-ware
Small
basin.
bowls
Deep lid/bowl
vessels
spouted
basin
vessels
xviii 59.
Beehive,
extension
60.
Blister
61.
Amphoras
cover.
and
ring,
and
oversize
equipment
(gray ware)
unguentaria
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
63.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
64.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Category
65.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
66.
Domed-mouth
67.
Other
unguentaria
68.
Other
unguentaria.
69.
Phoenician
70.
Phoenician
Miniature
Chytra,
Form
1. Other
Forms
2 and
Chytra,
74.
Chytra, Chytra,
3 and
4
wasters?
6-8;
unguentaria
amphoras
Radish
amphoriskos.
Chytra,
73.
2
amphoriskos
1
72.
1 and
5
Other
unguentarium.
Form
71.
75.
Potter's
ware
Small
62.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Small
jar. Vial.
one-handled
one-handled
jugs.
chytrai
3
Form
3 variants
Form
5
Form
and
4
76. Chytra, Forms 5 and 6 Forms
7-9
77.
Chytra,
78.
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
79.
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
80.
Chytra,
81.
Chytra,
82.
Lopas,
83.
Lopas,
84.
Lopas,
Form
10
Forms
85.
Lopas,
86.
Parcher.
11
10 and
Forms
1-3
Form
3
Form
3 variants
Form
5. Other
87.
Pan,
Forms
88.
Pan,
Form
89.
lopades
2-4 5
Pan,
Forms
6 and
90.
Lid,
Forms
1-4
91.
Lid,
Forms
5 and
92.
Brazier
(Quartz
93.
Brazier
(Schist
7. Other
pans
lids
6. Other
fabric)
cooking
fabric)
cooking
94. Brazier
(Schist cooking fabric)
95.
Brazier
(other
96.
Horseshoe
97.
Other
98.
Plan
cooking
with
Brazier
fabrics).
cooking of
4
1
Form
Pan,
Form
and
stand.
Other
plain
braziers
supports and
stands
cooking
equipment
the Athenian
Agora
the
showing
locations
of
the deposits
PLATES 1.
Chous.
2.
Mushroom
Trefoil
jug:
split
rim
and
other
jug
5. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pinkish buff fabric) jug, Form 1: disk foot (Hellenistic water-jug fabric) jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pink temper and other fabrics)
6. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: ring foot (Pink temper fabric)
3. Hellenistic 4. Hellenistic
7.
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
1: ring
8.
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
2
9.
Other
long-necked
jugs
foot
(other
fabrics)
Small
handleless
pots
ILLUSTRATIONS jug, Form 3 jug, Form 4
10. Hellenistic 11. Hellenistic 12.
Hellenistic
13.
Askos.
14.
Basket-handled
15.
Hydria.
16.
Lagynos
Form
jug,
4. Narrow-necked water
Basket-handled water
Lagynos Amphora,
Forms
1-3
19.
Amphora,
Forms
4-7
20.
Other
21.
Funnel.
Storage
22.
amphoras 1
Form
bin, 1
Storage
bin,
Form
23.
Storage
bin,
Forms
24.
Miniature
25.
Hellenistic
26.
Hellenistic
27.
Hellenistic
2 and
3. Other
pithos?
Classical
mortar.
mortar,
Form
mortar,
Forms
mortar,
Form
storage
large
Hellenistic
Pithos
vessels.
Form
mortar,
lids 1
1 1 and
2
3. Serving
dish
dish
Serving
29.
Serving
dish.
30.
Krater,
standard
form:
31.
Krater,
standard
form: form:
standard
Krater,
32.
Krater,
standard
33.
Lekane,
Form
1
34.
1
Lekane,
Form
35.
Lekane,
Forms
36.
Lekane,
Form
37.
2 and
disk
form:
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
ring
foot.
Other
kraters
3
3
Lekane,
Form
3
38.
Lekane,
Form
4
39.
Lekane,
Form
4
40.
Lekane,
Form
4. Other
41.
Shallow
bowl
42.
Small
43.
Heavy
basin
Heavy
basins.
Shallow basin
45.
jug
Lagynos
18.
44.
Askos
jugs.
jug
17.
28.
xix
lekanai.
Deep
bowl.
Shallow
bowl
bowls
Deep
spouted
46.
Lid.
Fenestrated
47.
Stands.
lid. Two-handled
Other
48.
Beehive,
49.
Potter's
50.
Blister-ware
51.
Amphoras
basin
spouted
lid/bowl
household-ware
extension
ring, Blister
equipment.
vessels and
cover
ware
amphoras and
(blister
unguentarium
and
52.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
1-3
53.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
4-6
54.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Category
55.
Other
unguentaria
56.
Other
unguentaria
57.
Other
unguentaria
58.
Miniature
59.
Phoenician
60.
Radish
amphoras.
Phoenician
gray ware)
8; wasters?
Domed-mouth
unguentarium.
amphoriskos
amphoriskos jar. Vial.
61.
Chytra,
Form
62.
Chytra,
Forms
Small 1 1-3
one-handled
jugs.
Small
handleless
pots
Other
unguentaria
xx 63.
Chytra,
Form
3 variants
64.
Chytra,
Form
5
65.
Chytra,
Forms
66.
Other
Form
4
6-9
two-handled,
67.
Chytra,
Form
68.
Lopas,
Forms
69.
Lopas,
Form
70.
Parcher.
71.
Pan,
Forms
1-5
Pan,
Forms
6 and
72.
and
ILLUSTRATIONS
globular
Form
Chytra,
10
1
3
2 and
3 variants, Form
Pan,
chytrai.
Form
10. Lopas,
Forms
4 and
5. Other
lopades
1
7
73. Lids fabric):
man
with
pointed
cap
cooking
fabric):
man
with
pointed
cap, wreathed
cooking
fabric):
wreathed
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
Brazier
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
bull,
74.
Brazier
75.
Brazier
(Quartz
76.
Brazier
(Quartz
77.
Brazier
78.
Brazier
79.
(Quartz
cooking
man
papposilenos,
rosette,
80.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
81.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
82.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos,
83.
Brazier
(other
fabrics).
84.
Brazier
(other
fabrics)
85.
Braziers:
backs
of
with
thunderbolt.
pointed
Brazier
88.
Brazier
89.
Horseshoe
90.
Other
(Schist with
and
cap, wreathed
pornoboskos,
Molds
supports
plain cooking
cooking
other
cooking
fabrics)
supports stand.
equipment
Other
braziers
and
cooking
onkos
Stands
86. Brazier (Quartz and Schist cooking fabrics) 87.
papposilenos
satyr with
stands
papposilenos
palmette.
Stand
TABLES
1. Uninventoried 2.
Summary
3.
and
Fabrics
Imported
on
Performed
Analyses
Agora
Plain Wares
of Household-Ware
Distribution Vessels
6. 7.
Objects Made of Pinkish Buff Fabric 21 Objects Made of Pink Temper Fabric 25
8.
Vessels
of Attic
Made
Objects
Distribution
12.
Vessels
in Different
Shapes Fabric
of Hellenistic
Made
10.
Fine
Fabrics
17-18
Fabric
and Atypical
29 Fabrics
34-35
of Cooking-Ware Shapes in Different Fabrics 11. Vessels Made of Classical Cooking Fabric 38 13.
Imported
14.
1. Group
of Gray
Group
on
Fabrics
36
39 44
in the Agora
by Category
Inventory
153
215
Information
Descriptive
Athenian and
Assignments
Fabrics
Cooking
of Various
Unguentaria
and
of MURR
Schist
Made
Braziers
Assignments
Comparison
and
Vessels
Cooking
Inscriptions
A. 2. B.l.
of Micaceous
Representation
15.
A.
Made
10
19
Water-Jug
of Nonstandard
Sample
15
5.
Made
in the Deposit
14
4.
9.
in Deposits
Vessels Identified and Counted
of Local
Agora
for Athenian
Specimens Information
Descriptive
to Four
Agora Greek
for Athenian
Samples
Analyzed
Compositional
Agora
at MURR 390-391
Groups
Unguentaria
and Attic
Fine-Ware
Samples Analyzed at MURR 397 B.2.
Comparison
of MURR
and Attic
Unguentaria
Fine-Ware
Specimens
to Four
Greek
C.l.
Microscopic
Fabric
C.2.
Mineralogic
Identity
D. D.2.
Compositional
398-399
Groups Description of
of Samples
Inclusions
402
as Determined
1. Body
and
Paste
Values
for
Samples
of Household
Body
and
Paste
Values
for
Samples
of Cooking
by Raman Fabrics Fabrics
Spectroscopy 406
406
403
388-389
BIBLIOGRAPHY
= A' EmoTruuoviiaj
A' IvvavTrjari vioxikt]
Iaidvviva,
Kepajuiiaj,
AND ABBREVIATIONS
Ivvavrriarj
yia
A?K?ju/3piog
1986,
rnv
eXXr) Ioannina
1989. C,
1981. P.
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gtt|v
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Adriani,
1997.
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1940.
La
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1935-1939, -.
1952a.
-.
et
de Moustafa
1952b. la region 1950,
-.
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pp. 129-159. "Trouvailles 1952c.
1940-1950, Adrymi-Sismani, Kpoxacpeio
(AnnMus
AnnMusGRAlex
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1940-1950, de
Pacha
Alexandria.
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AnnMusGRAlex
Hadra,"
fouilles
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pp. 1-27. et de restaurations
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de
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AnnMusGRAlex
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AnnMusGRAlex
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III = R. E. Wycherley, nia, 1957. = IV R. H. Howland, 1958.
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I. Rotroff,
Hellenistic
Bowls, Imported Moldmade = M. B. Moore XXIII
The
Inscriptions:
Decrees,
1976. Athenian
Pottery:
and
1982. M.
and
Z. P.
Attic
Philippides,
1986. Black-Figured Pottery, = M. L. XXV 1990. Ostraka, Lang, = XXVI H. The Greek 1993. Kroll, Coins, J. = R. F. XXVII The East Side Townsend, of the Agora:
The
S. Robinson,
Grandjouan,
beneath the Stoa of Attalos, 1995. = A. L. et al., TheLawcourts XXVIII at Ath Boegehold ens: Sites, and Testimonia, Procedure, Buildings, Equipment, 1995. = S. I. XXIX Hellenistic and Im Rotroff, Pottery: Athenian Table Ware and Related Material, Wheelmade 1997. ported = M. B. XXX Attic and White-Ground Moore, Red-Figured 1997. Pottery, XXXII forthcoming. C. Albizzati,
=J. W.
Roman
Hayes,
Vast
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del
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pp. V. 2000.
e^rjvioTiKO VEKpoTacpeio pp. 311-320. Conducted of Excavations Studies at Athens, Prince
ton
H.
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The
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1997. XXI =M. Lang, Graffiti andDipinti,
1940
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juiiaj and A. 2000. and to "Adyuvoi Aggeli, in E'Ivvccvrriari, Trj(;AjippaKiat;," = The Athenian Agora Agora: Results School of Classical by the American
V=
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a Helleniko and T. Spyropoulos. 1985. "Fouilles BCH109, (Eua de Thyreatide)," pp. 385-454. L. I.Manfredi, di Mores, and S. Mos E., G. Manca Acquaro, cati. 1990. Tharros: La collezione Pesce, Rome. II. 1 = C. Scheffer, and Cooking Stands Acquarossa Cooking b.c in Italy, 1400-400 Stockholm 4?, 38:2.1), (SkrRom
Abadie,
= B. D. Meritt
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Literary
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1940. Suppl.
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51,
1982. pp.
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I: The
JHS 58, pp. 1-30. Report,n and T. Nikischer. 1998. "Raman J. Freeman, of Fibrous Natural Identification Zeolites,"
S. Rotroff. and J. D. Pasteris, the Mineralogical Composition "Understanding Raman of Ancient Greek Pottery through Microprobe B.,
R.
Wright,
K.
Corinth," Xanthoudides,
S.
1980.
Hesperia S.
"A Tiberian 49, 1927.
Pottery
pp. 135-177. Minoan "Some
Deposit
from
pp. 1994b.
0r|pac_ 7_x_
x
x
_
x x x xxx x xx x x x x
x x
xx
FABRICS
W] 2
NS
Atyp
18
FABRICS
TABLE
IAttic
4 (CONT.)
II
I
I
IHell IHell I I I
I
I
Shape_Fine \PB 1 \PB2 \PB3 \PT 1 \PT2 \PT3 \WJ1 \WJ2 \ NS \Atyp \ x
Funnel,Form1_| ? |_| x |_| Funnel,Form 2_| Funnel, other_[ x | x Storagebin, Form 1_ Storagebin, Form 2_| Storagebin, other_| x Pithos lid_ Miniature Classical
pithos_| mortar_|
x
x x
_| x |
|_ |
bowl_
Deep
_ x
| x
x
x
x
|
|
?_
x
x|_
x
x
x
x
x
1
|
_ x_ x
x
x_
_
x
1 x
I
[
_
_x
I I_
I
x storage plate_
Disk_ |Closed
vessel,
x bin_ x
x_ rope
x
_
handle_
UURorjar 1Beehive_ |Extension
1111111
x_
x_
x
x
[Via| Small one-handled jug_ ISmall handleless pot_
|_
buff
fabric;
_
X
I
x x x x
x
Dry | measure_| fabric.
1
1
x_
_
x x_
support_
PB = Pinkish
x
x_
ring_ cover_
IPotter's wheel_|
atypical
|
x
_ ?_
|Coarse
Kiln
x
_
x
x_
x
|Kantharos_
Beehive
| |
x
x [_|
x
_
1Bank 1Pyxis_ Miniature
x_| x_|
x_
lid/bowl_
|Canteen_ Fish askos_
x
_
lid_
|Two-handled |Low stand_
1_
x
|
_
x Stopper_ IFenestrated
x
|_
|
| x_|
x
x_ x
x
x_
ILid_
x
_x
_
basin_
I x _x
x|_|
|
|_| x
[
basin_
| |
|
_
x
spouted
x x
x
spouted
x
|
|_| x |_| x
|_| |_|
_I
bowl_
Shallow
|
xxxx|x|x|x|_
| xx |
?x_|x
x x
x_
Heavy basin_
x
|_|
x
|
x
IShallowbowl_|
|_|
|
x
_
x_| x
|| x
x x
|
|
x
Lekane, other_
Small
x
x
|_
x
Lekane, Form 3_ Lekane, Form 4_
x x | |_|| ?
x
|
x
Krater,variant_| Lekane,Form 1_| Lekane,Form 2_
x |_| |
|_
x
standard_
x x || |_|
|
x x
x
x
|_| |
x
mortar, Form 2_| mortar, Form 3_| x Serving dish_ ?_|
Hellenistic Hellenistic
Deep
x
|_| _I
Hellenisticmortar,Form 1_|
Krater,
|_|
x |_|
x
Storage bin, Form 3_|
x|_|
|
PT = Pink
temper
| x fabric;
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| Hell WJ
= Hellenistic
water-jug
fabric;
NS
= nonstandard
fabric;
Atyp
=
HOUSEHOLD TABLE
5. VESSELS
FABRICS
MADE
19
OF ATTIC
FINE
FABRIC Uncertain
Catalogue
Shape
other
Lekane,
Inventory
Examples
22676_
154
Storage bin, Form 2 Form
No.
P 4433, P 15408, P 24306, P 29235_ P 6022, P 8475, P 8588, P 15659, P
Amphora, Form 4_125, Funnel, Form 2_146-149, Funnel,
or
164
1
236
Lekane, Form 2
252
Shallow bowl
P 17987
Small bowl_315_
Disk
354
Kiln support
379-381,383-385,
Dry measure_
P 8932, P 14431, P 19568
^V1^
P 21073 378
W148
\ZLll54
1 N
^?h^31fi
^HH-lTl64
-LEC 384
2.
Illustration
most
The
amphoras),
common
in
shapes
small
kiln
,?j?
made
Shapes
this ware
and
funnels,
ally to larger shapes
are
4. Dry measures: P nos. DM 66, DM
14431, 67, DM
(lekane, bowl, disk,
P 8932, 69, pis.
P
in Attic
small
supports,
19568 (Agora X, 15, 18, 34).
fine
pp.
fabric
ones, though
large funnel,
measures.4
54-55,
U^T P 17987
N
/ \
I ?r 236
(scale
including it was
1:8)
votive also
and storage bin)
pelikai applied
(Form occasion
4
and standard dry
FABRICS
20
Buff
Pinkish
(Table 6, Ills. 3-5)
Fabric
The fabric of a larger group, but with
amounts
larger
is similar in color toAttic fine ware
at least 115 vessels,
including
of visible
Its close
inclusions.
to the finer
resemblance
ware
suggests
fabric. I have christened it is a local household it Pinkish buff fabric, after the term that has traditionally been used to describe the color of Attic pottery in both excavation records and I admit that, to me, it looks neither particularly pinkish nor buff. publication5?although Rather
color
the
readings are
they
never
sionally
6/6;
abundant. are
there
small
present, occasionally inclusions of crystalline
a
from
ranges
are 2.5YR 5/6,
red
Shiny or
fine
very
to a
orange
peachy
5YR 6/6,
7/6.
tan:
light
common
the most
are present
Inclusions
Munsell
in varying amounts, common.
are
the most quartz resembling inclusions. inclusions white shiny Sparkling larger come from of the sparkle may Some and abundant. gray
grits
but
Occa
are
always the facets
are often flakes vis silver mica but individual grains, a are texture The is variable: few examples but inclusions ible. Dull white sparse. present or more are hard soft is hard and and fabric but the and smooth, sandy. grainy commonly are almost water and table The softer, more porous amphoras, jugs exclusively examples The used for these have been that a special formula may single example shapes. suggesting such
as
quartz
of of this ware examined petrographically by Stoltman contained a fairly high percentage to as the he to Athens schist and similar be identified rock temper (15%), possibly temper as in the Schist as well and Micaceous fabric temper a be amount in It must the of identified small grog sample. in Pink
observed man
also
that Pinkish
buff fabric
a valid
present
Macroscopic
is highly
variable,
and a much
which ,
represented, and shapes
conform ranging the wide
suggests
closely in date range
to
be needed
portrait.
petrographic observation
of
of vessels
arrangement
the majority
Group 1 (111.3). This group encompasses ber)
however,
emphasized,
larger sample would
Stolt
fabrics;
cooking
this
above. Twenty-four given Hellenistic the period. throughout are additional that this indicators
groups:
(at least 74 in num
of the examples
different
to the description evenly of date
in three
fabric
The
shapes number
are
large is a local fabric.
or water jugs of Form 1, and all dating Group 2 (111.4). Ten vessels, all choes
of
to the late 4th
amount of very fine than usual spar larger in be isolated could is rare, and few examples this fabric inclusions. distinctive, Though kling are and the variant of the Attic the forms the context Nonetheless, repertoire, typical pottery. a use or different a brief of most clay quarry. experiment production likely represents 3rd
and
centuries,
are made
of a fabric
a
that has
in 31 vessels. Their
was noted Group 3 (111.5). This variation
fabric,
in addition
to the
in larger rock that occurs a very small amount of the pink amounts in is This rock fabric in Pink concentrations below). (discussed present tiny temper our commands it were in a given but one or two fragments observed vessel), only (usually two All within vessels but fabric. Pink the with of the links it suggests because interest temper inclusions
described
above,
has
this group date after 200.6 This restricted date further supports a link with Pink temper fabric, which is characteristic of the 2nd century. The assemblage of vessels in this group is large in Pinkish buff 1 but which do (some 19 shapes), including some that are not represented occur
in the Pink
temper
basin). This again suggests
assemblage
(e.g.,
links between
Form
the two fabrics.
is the term 1989, p. 45, where e.g., Grandjouan to "pb." fill of F 17:3) and P 16122 are 177 (middle 6. The exceptions the latest datable ma those in both at 14 m); (G 14:2, deposits, 5. See,
shortened
Form
6 amphora,
1 funnel,
deep
spouted
Itmay be that they were made
in
instance ca. 200. A third possible before be placed but it of K-L comes the east branch from 18-20:1, (P 16622) in that intrusion of the substantial be 2nd-century may part terial may
mostly
3rd-century
deposit.
HOUSEHOLD TABLE
6. OBJECTS
FABRICS
21
OF PINKISH
MADE
BUFF
FABRIC Uncertain
Shape1 Group Chous P1824, P 2872, P 12706, P 12990,
Group 2 P1,4 6937
P 13559, P 19727_ Trefoil jug, split rim _P 13562_ Hellenistic jug, Form 1 16, 29, 37, 39, 40, P 8421, P 25624, P 26968, P 29300 Form
Hellenistic
jug,
Hellenistic
jug, Form 4
3 Group Examples
13-15, 17, P 19366, P 28081, P 28202, P 29266_
38, P 516, P 16122, P 21157
3 55_
water
Basket-handled
71, P 4289, P 13306, P 22051 _ Askos 84, P 20515, P 33091_80, 95,96,99
jug
73,
P
3841, P 16622
P
26040_
_
Hydria_100_
Amphora,
Form 3
Amphora,
Form
123, 124, P
7391_
P 33074_
6_130,
Funnel, Funnel,
Form
Funnel,
other
2
Form 1
141, P 3309, P 11651
150 153
Storage
bin,
Form
Storage
bin,
other
1 157_P 4321_ 172
Pithos lid
176, P
Serving dish
15537_177_
204 P Krater_225,
Lekane, Form 1 Form
Lekane,
4185_219_
235, P 6331-P
2
249,
250,
6333_
P 4471,
P 6389, P 25691, P 27223, P 27990_ Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
other
P 4058,
3_261, 3 variant
15897_264_ 265 P 8110,
4_272,
Low
11888_
301_ 320, P 8905_318,
bowl_309,
spouted
328
lid
338,339337
stand
Extension
Beehive
345
wheel
357-359,363-365, P 7976, P 33011, P 33041
367
ring
cover
Dry measure
P 11865
319,
324 322 basin
Beehive
Potter's
14398_P
297,
Heavy basin Fenestrated
P
284
Deep bowl 288 Shallow bowl_295, Small
Deep
P
375 368,369 376 P
14430
P 32167
P 16103
22
FABRICS
/ \ \ / F I ^""P 20515 P13559
WkT
\__J____*37
V____l___-/55
_
y--?? \
i
A
)
(TX7 t____B___f
96
w
124
\_J___*
fjij
vL/*
_
l--mrj
157
CZZ__=J_______^5
249 )_____J___!___f 261
225 \_=________C ^__J____T
w* rj- ^
153
I_I_I
\___j_L__C301 L?_^T
\___J____C309
\___J_____/320
r --B-_|-_-B-|___M__-_--_M_B J^1^^^^
L,
'
-."A
375
\ \V^ ^?
\.
xp / /
/ \) r
_________
1 * P14430 \ / \_L____-___/359
Illustration
3. Shapes made
f v
I
1 10 cm
367 1_1 i
in Pinkish buff fabric 1 (scale 1:8)
FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD
I nr 14
\
1
^=L^r
23
!
10 cm=?
Illustration
4. Shapes made
in Pinkish buff fabric 2 (scale 1:8)
so that fragments of pink rock, liberally used for the tempering the same workshops, temper fabric, occasionally made their way into the bin of Pinkish buff clay. Pink
Temper
(Table 7, Ills. 6 and 7)
Fabric
Pink temper fabric is characterized foliated
shiny, in three
rock,
of Pink
usually
of fairly large and numerous
by the inclusion in color.
pinkish
Vessels
made
of
can
this material
be
of
pieces arranged
groups.
Group 1 (111.6). The majority of the vessels belong to this group, with 122 certain examples and nine less positive attributions. The hallmark of the fabric is the inclusion of large (1 5 mm) pieces of shiny, foliated rock, usually with a decidedly pinkish cast, along with fine sparkling inclusions, probably deriving from the rock. Viewed through a hand lens, these rock also
resemble
fragments present,
break 7/4;
and
schist.
sometimes
Smaller
angular
7/6; 2.5YR 5/6,
(5YR 5/6,
sometimes
2.5Y8/2),
6/6),
slipped,
concentrations
red
inclusions.
of fine The
but the surface
but more
matrix
grayish
white
usually
has
is lighter
are
inclusions a red
(7.5YR 7/6, 8/4;
tone
in the
10YR 7/3,
wet-smoothed.
commonly
Group 2 (111.7). In 16 examples, some or all of the rock inclusions, though foliated and shiny as in Groups 1 and 3, are greenish instead of pink. Neutron activation analysis, however, revealed no significant chemical differences between samples of Groups 1 and 2. A single sample analyzed petrographically compared closely with samples of Group 1, though show a
percentage higher of 1. The samples Group ing
of
sand-size
fabric
of
inclusions, sherds with
end of the color scale (2.5YR 5/6-8, 6/6-8), might be due to firing conditions. Members to differences
point clay
formula,
in
but
not,
workshop certainly,
Group 3 (111.7). Ten pieces abundant through
inclusions
pink the fabric
(e.g.,
(26) the light surface inside. by 243,
That where
90,
amount
greenish
271).
absent
usually
at the
the
surface). cases In other
In some there
is clearly a slip, sloppily applied
is a
with
(ca. 2.5Y 8/2), cases, pink
around
well deposits
a
subtly
different
along with very
the pale color penetrates instance core, and in one
the rim and lacking on the
the pale color is an artifact of firing, rather than of material half of the vessel to a warm has fired tone. Six of orange
3 come from two closely contemporary
in the redder
and the difference in the color of the inclusions of this group regularly lack a slip, which might
have a very pale surface color on
of grog, are
inclusions
We might, then, be dealing practice. a with fabric from a different region.
(ca. 20% 89,
a small
and
is indicated alone, the vessels in Group
(G 5:3 and Q 12:1), both of which date
FABRICS
24
(
11
^____________?
>-
38 ^J_^80
172 ?_____zL____m
Lrr^l
\??
V_V----w^
*% 219 \
I? (
265
^1
/v\
)
T.
IP
141 100 Qj j
264
/
I M----?
177
17
\ _/^__U_^319
P 11888
_r
J'
xTy
( A ^K
\
\_L__/ 10cm
5. Shapes made in Pinkish buff fabric 3 (scale 1:8) (fragments of Form 1 storage bin not illustrated)
Illustration
c_________-_
HOUSEHOLD
TABLE
7. OBJECTS
FABRICS
25
OF PINK TEMPER
MADE
FABRIC Uncertain
1
Shape Group
Group 2
Group
jug, Form 1
Hellenistic
25, 27, 28, 32-34, P 14478, P 19471, P 20449, P 21321, P 25799, P 28794_ Hellenistic jug, Form 2 42, 43_ Hellenistic jug, Form 3 56, 58, P 24933_P 11682_ Hellenistic jug, Form 4 66, 67, 70, P 4088, P 8032, 69, P 14309 P 17988, P 28109_ Askos 76, 78,81, P 11891, P 13111_77_ Basket-handled water 85, 86, 88, 91-94, P 19931, 87, 89, 90, P 21315 jug P 21188, P 21317, P 21322,
3_Examples 26
68
P29216_ small
Lagynos,
114
Amphora,
Form 2
Amphora,
Form
122
6_128_P
Funnel, Form 1 other
Funnel,
16115_
151
Storage bin, Form 1 Storage bin, Form 2_P Hellenistic mortar, Forml_P Krater, standard variant
Krater,
16203_
142, 143, 145, P
159, 162, 163, P
3392_160_ 28926 188, P 14313, P 19786, 28107, P 33003_ 214-218,220-222,224, P 20438, P _P 3393, 27224_ 230,
190, P 11885, P 11886 209, P 29356
P
4040_231_
Lekane, Form 1
237,240-242,244,247,248, P4038, P 4090, P 4091, P 13697, P 14262, P 18773, P 29302
Lekane, Form 3
257,262,
Lekane, Form 4
266-270,274,275,279, 271 281 P 3397, P 4034, P 4039, PI 1689, PI 1889, P 19750, P _P 28777, 29303_
unknown
Lekane,
form
P 4089
243
258
P 4070,
(waster)
P
Deep bowl Shallow bowl
290 302-305, P 8581, P 13693, P 14310, P 27365 _P 13695,
300
Small bowl
310 Shallow spouted basin
Deep
spouted
Two-handled
223, P 6325
basin
326 327
Lid_ lid/bowl
330-332
342, 343
Low stand
P 26733
Beehive_
360, 361, P 4041
344,
P 14232
20284
26
fl1,
\ \
W)/
I
\
? 58
I?_r 122
91 V i__-__J_____C
f
N I
?
SS
230
\_____J______*
214
\\/'/
fi" /^^x
A
\
275 ^244 \_______J_-______-r
Tn?r
# ,
\____J______W
326
X>']_______L__p_1P 26733
Illustration
327
_
|_
f/
J
\ ^J \_Lh_____0
10cm c==___
6. Shapes made
303 X_eee____C
290 N_____L__T
257 =j-p>
\^**^mmmmmammmmmmmmmm
\-l:::::::_a______i_f
N^\
)
\ I ^159
I
c^fs^
/
-B^aB|
N7 \
\W? J
J)
