Geological survey of Californie - Paleontology

(Pcflhgical ^urbcj) at dUlifornta.

PALAEONTOLOGY, VOL.

I.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

"VOL.

I.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CALIFORNIA. J.

WHITNEY,

D.

State Geologist.

PALAEONTOLOGY. VOLUME

I.

CARBONIFEROUS AND JURASSIC FOSSILS. BY

TRIASSIC

F. B.

MEEK.

AND CRETACEOUS BY W.

FOSSILS.

M. GABB.

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CALIFORNIA.

1864.

CAXTON PRESS UK SHERMAN & CO., l'HILADELPUU.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE

Preface.

By

J. D.

Whitney,

vii

SECTION

I.

Description of the Carboniferous Fossils.

SECTION

By

F. B. Meek.

.

3-16

.

11.

INSCRIPTION OF TIIE TRIASS1C FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA AND THE ADJA-

CENT Territories.

By W. M. Gabb.

SECTION Description of the Jurassic Fossils.

By

SECTION Description of the Cretaceous Fossils.

Index of Localities of^the Cretaceous

19-35

III. F. B. Meek,

.

.

.

.

.

39-53

IV.

By W. M. Gabb,

Fossils,

....

Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species described,

.

.

57-:!17

219-236 237-243

(v)

PREFACE. As

it

presumed that the volumes of Palaeontology,

is

forming a part of the series of publications of the State Geological Survey of California, will

persons

who

will not

deemed proper

come

into the

have the other parts of the work,

to preface this

will be entered into

more

it is

volume by a brief notice of

the origin and organization of this Survey. fully in the first

geological portion of the Report; but sufficient

hands of

it

is

This subject

volume of the suitable that a

account of the course and plan of operations of the

Survey should be prefixed

to the first

volume of each sepa-

rate department, to enable those consulting the publications

in that department to understand the scope of the work, to give

due credit to those engaged in bringing together the

materials, of the special is

the

and

first

working up of which

this

volume

instalment.

The Act

of the Legislature creating the office of State

Geologist and authorizing a Geological Survey of the State

of California, was approved April 21st, 1860; but operations

were not commenced until about the 1st of December of (vii)

PREFACE.

Vlll

that year; consequently the

work has been

in progress not

quite four years.

The plan

of the Survey, according to the requirements of

the Act by which it was originally organized, demanded " AX ACCURATE AND COMPLETE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE

" a full and scientific deState," and a Report, containing scription of its rocks, fossils, soils,

and minerals, and of

its

botanical and zoological productions."

Provision was also

made

all

for the collection of

specimens in

departments of

Geology and Natural History, which specimens were

to be

deposited "in such place as shall be hereafter provided for

that purpose by the Legislature."

Under

this Act, the

Survey was carried on, with greater

or less vigor, according to the varying amounts appropriated

by each successive Legislature, sent year,

when

until the spring of the pre-

the Act expired by constitutional limitation;

the Legislature of California having no power to create an office

which

shall last over four years.

By an Act

of the last Legislature, however, approved

April 4th, 18G4, the

office

of State Geologist was again

by the same person who had thus

created,

and

held

while the course of investigation to be pursued,

it,

filled

under the new Act, was

less distinctly

marked out than

far

in

the previous one, leaving more to the discretion of the State Geologist, tions

and the chances of smaller or greater appropria-

from the next Legislature

;

but requiring him " to

complete the Geological Survey of the State, and to prepare a Report of said Survey for publication, and superintend the publication of the same;" farther adding, that "such Report

PREFACE. shall be in the

IX

form of a geological, botanical, and zoological

history of the State."

The

following persons have been employed on the Survey

commencement

since its

W. H. Brewer

Professor

has had

Department of Botany and Agricultural

the

charge of

:

Geology, and has also occupied the post of Principal Assistant,

having had charge of the party in the

We have been assisted in

absence.

field

Clarence R. King and Auguste Remond, both of

rendered

efficient

during

my

the field-work by Messrs.

and valuable service

whom

have

as volunteers, the

former during part of the last year and during the season of

18G4; the latter at various times, and especially in the sum-

mer of 1862.

It is

hoped and expected that one or both

these gentlemen will be permanently attached to the Survey

during the remainder of

was up

also connected

its

with our work from

its

to February, 18G3, as clerk, commissary,

observer.

mann

Mr. C. Averill

continuance.

commencement

and barometrical

In the Topographical Department, Mr. C. F. Hoff-

has been employed from March, 1SG1, up to the pre-

sent time, with the exception of a short interval during the early part of the current year.

Mr. V. Wackenreuder has

also rendered assistance in this

branch of our work, durins

the

seasons of 1862 and 1864.

Department, Mr.

W. M. Gabb

In

the

PalaBontolosncal

has been regularly employed

as Palaeontologist to the Survey, since the beginning of the

he also acted as Assistant in the field-work

year 1862;

during a part of the season of 1862.

Dr. J. G. Cooper has

had charge of the Zoological Department, having been employed, with occasional intervals, since July 1st, 1861. r.vi..

vol.

r.

—h

Mr.

PREFACE.

X

W. Ashburner

served as Assistant in the field from the comto the spring of 1862,

mencement of the Survey up

that time, in chiefly employed, during

and was

examining gold-quartz

mines and machinery in the principal mining counties of the Sierra Nevada.

To

all

these gentlemen

my

cordial thanks

are tendered for their devotion to the interests of the Survey.

Rarely can

it

have happened, that one in charge of a work found himself more

of this kind has

by

pleasantly supported

We tions

his associates.

have also been greatly assisted by the use of

collec-

and materials furnished by private individuals.

only specify in this connection such help as

what bears

Survey to be fully In the

is

we have had

in

related to the other branches of the

set forth in other volumes.

first place,

the California

ences has given us free access to

some things of

Trask, which

I will

on the Palaeontological Department,

directly

leaving that which

are

more

efficiently or

Academy

of Natural Sci-

its collections,

interest, collected chiefly

we should

among which by Dr.

J. B.

otherwise have failed of obtaining.

Dr. Trask has also frequently

and most

effectually

aided

us by communicating valuable information as to localities, as well as in other ways.

Dr. J. A. Veatch has supplied

the Survey with extensive collections of fossils from various localities, especially

from the

or Tuscan Springs, as

it

is

prolific

now

one of Lick Springs,

called

;

he has also contri-

buted valuable specimens from the Cerros Islands and from Clear Lake.

Mr. Gorham Blake has also made important

additions to our collections, various

quarters,

by specimens contributed from especially from the Humboldt Mining

PREFACE.

XI

and from the auriferous rocks of the Sierra Nevada. Region, CD "

Mr. R. Homfray kindly presented us with a valuable suite

Nevada

of fossils from

the Survey the use of his collections, vicinity of corps.

Remond has

Mr.

Territory.

made

San Francisco Bay, previous

Dr. George H. Horn, U.S.A.,

given

chiefly in the

to his joining

who was

our

stationed at

Fort Tejon for several months, collected assiduously in that

and kindly placed

prolific locality

of Cretaceous

his materials at

Mr. Gabb's disposal.

collected with

great zeal in the prolific localities around

fossils,

all

Mr. E. Mathewson has

Martinez, and has generously furnished the Survey with

specimens of

all

such

species found

already in our possession.

by him

as

were not

Other persons have contributed

one or more specimens each, some of which, belonging to the larger

mammalia, are of considerable value

:

these will be

noted in the volume in which they will be described, and

due credit given to the persons by

whom

they were pre-

sented.

As the general plan of operations of the Survey, and the progress made in each department up to the present time, will be fully set forth in the

volume of Geology, which

will soon follow this, it will only be necessary here to give

such a sketch of the extent and order of our field-work as

may

be necessary to enable those consulting this volume to

understand what parts of the State and the adjacent Territories

we have

visited,

and what

by the materials elaborated in

districts are represented

this portion of the Report.

During the winter of 1860-61, the field-work having com-

menced December

12,

1860,

we explored San Bernardino

PREFACE.

Xll

and Los Angeles counties; then the region of the Coast ranges, from Los Angeles to Santa Barbara

thence

Luis Obispo

;

San Juan

thence

Idria,

;

down

;

thence to San

the Salinas Valley and across to

Mount Diablo range to New San Juan, and up through Alameda and

back to

down

the

Contra Costa counties, on the west side of the range, to

Mount Diablo

;

thence across the Straits of Carquines and

up Napa Valley as

far as the

Geysers, which point was

reached just at the setting in of the rainy season of 1861-2.

The party then returned to San the field just a year. The chief

Francisco, having been in paleeontological collections

made during this time were of Tertiary age. The explorations of the year 1861 having revealed the presence of Cretaceous rocks in the Mount Diablo range, and various circumstances making nity of

Mount Diablo

would throw much and furnish a key

itself,

light to

it

apparent that the

by a detailed and

vici-

careful study,

on the structure of the Coast ranges,

what had previously been more

or less

obscure in the stratigraphical position of the rocks south

and west of the San Joaquin, we devoted a month, at the

commencement making a

of the

detailed

season

of field-work

examination of the

for

1862, to

region

between

Martinez, on the Straits of Carquines, and Marsh's ranch, ten miles east of the mountain.

This accomplished, the party, in charge of Professor Brewer, continued their explorations along the Mount Diablo

range towards the southeast as far as Pacheco's Pass, working up the geology and topography of an extensive

district,

of which almost nothing had been previously known.

Hav-

PREFACE. ing completed this task,

it

Xlll

had been

intention to have

my

the party cross the San Joaquin River, and meet ling's,

on the Merced, and then

to

me

at Snel-

devote the remainder of

the season to working up the geology of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, going as far north as time

would permit, and

then returning on the west side of the Sacramento, along the foot-hills of the Coast ranges north of the Francisco.

It appeared,

however, that

all

Bay

of San

the ferries of the

San Joaquin had been broken up by the unprecedented storms of the previous winter (1861-2), so that there bility of crossing at

any

was no

possi-

point, the river continuing greatly

swollen by the melting of the snow of the Sierra until late in the season.

This rendered a change in our plans neces-

sary, as the party

had

cross at Benicia.

work up the

to return

up the San Jose Valley and

was then determined

It

valley, along the

to continue the

Coast ranges west of the

Sacramento River, with the view of reaching Mount Shasta before

it

would be too

late in the season for its ascent.

This

plan was partially carried out, and the region north of Benicia explored as far as

Rag Canon but ;

several of the party during the

with our progress.

summer, seriously interfered

After reaching and ascending

Shasta, additional explorations were in Shasta, Siskiyou,

the severe sickness of

made

Mount

in that vicinity,

and Trinity counties, and afterwards

along the east side of the Sacramento Valley, in the foothills, for

the purpose of ascertaining more clearly the rela-

tions of the Cretaceous formation to the auriferous slates of

the Sierra Nevada.

Still later in

the season, the field-work

being continued to the end of November, the vicinity of the

PREFACE.

XIV of San Francisco

Bay

was more thoroughly examined by

small parties on foot, especially portions of Santa Clara,

Contra Costa, and Alameda counties.

this season

During

the larger portion of the Cretaceous fossils described in this

volume were localities

collected, a large

number of the most

The Carboniferous limestones

mer.

prolific

having been discovered in the course of the sumof the Sierra Nevada,

from Pence's ranch north to Bass's ranch, were also carefully

examined during

this season,

and the

by Mr. Meek

are reported on

collections

made which

in this volume.

During the season of 1862, we were fortunate enough

to

secure Triassic fossils from several different portions of the

Territory of Nevada, especially a valuable collection

by Gorham Blake,

Esq., in the

made

Humboldt Mining Region.

In 1863, the region about Fort Tejon, the Canada de las

Uvas, and that portion of the State which head-waters of the San Joaquin, was

made

lies

about the

the object of a

reconnoissance by Messrs. Brewer and Gabb. and a considerable this

number

of

new

Cretaceous species discovered.

After

was accomplished, the work of the Survey was, during

the remainder of the season, mainly confined to the high Sierra, fossils.

made

and consequently but

little

to

our stock of

In September, however, Messrs. Brewer and King

the interesting discovery of a locality of Triassic, and

also one of Jurassic fossils, in

Plumas County the ;

by Mr. Meek fossils

was added

and near Genessee Valley,

latter constitute the material

in Section III, of this volume.

in

worked up

The

Triassic

from Genessee Valley, together with those collected by

Mr. G. Blake, and by the Survey as previously noticed, and

XV

PREFACE. to

which was afterwards added a valuable

suite of

specimens

from the Humboldt eastern range, made by Mr. Homfray,

have been elaborated by Mr. Gabb, in Section

II.

In the autumn of 1863, Mr. Gabb was engaged by

me

to

conduct some explorations outside of California and the regular

work

of the Survey.

He made

duration, through Oregon and

a trip, of three months'

Washington Territory

to

Van-

couver Island, and collected a considerable number of Tertiary

the

and Cretaceous

little

region.

previously

fossils,

known

additions to

making important

of the geology of that extensive

He has now joined an

exploring party through South-

eastern Oregon, emphatically a geological terra incognita,

from which region he can hardly

fail

to bring

back

facts of

The expedition started from Fort Klamath, north end of Klamath Lake, about the 20th of June.

importance. the

at

During the spring of the current year Mr. Clarence R. King

made some valuable Nevada Territory

;

explorations in the

he

also,

Humboldt ranges of

previously to that, had

interesting contribution to the geology of the

made an

Sierra Ne-

vada, by the discovery of Belemnites in close contact with

one of the great auriferous quartz veins of the central gold

mining region (on the Mariposa

estate) , thus

adding a very

important link to the chain of evidence going to show that the auriferous slates

and metamorphic rocks of California

are, to

a large extent at least, of Secondary age, and not Pala)ozoic, as

had heretofore always been assumed, without evidence.

Messrs. Brewer,

up

to

King and Hoffman

are now, or

have been

a quite recent period, engaged in the high Sierra,

around the head-waters of King's River, and the other

PREFACE.

XVI

streams between that and the Merced,

we can hardly expect any

—a region from which

considerable additions to our

palaiontological materials, while, on the other hand, their

geographical discoveries, and their additions to our knowledge of the topography of the State, have been of great

importance.

Mr. Remond, having been for some time detached from the Survey, has resided in Sonora, Mexico, and has

numerous

made

an abstract of which will

ecological observations,

be communicated in the forthcoming volume of this Report especially devoted to Geology.

The

observations of the Survey, taken in connection with

made on the

those already and hereafter to be

and east of

California, will enable us to

north, south,

form a general idea

of the geological structure of a vast area of country border-

ing on our Pacific coast, and

we

trust that

in due time, to furnish a geological

map

the western side of our continent; a

with truth be added, will have heretofore published.

little

we

shall be able,

of a large portion of

map

which,

may

it

resemblance to those

Such a map, however,

will of course

only present an outline of the geology of this region

;

for

anything like a thorough exhibition of its structure we shall

have

to wait

tensive,

and

many

years, since it

difficult

wrought

It will

concise a

a

field sufficiently ex-

of exploration, to require an almost

unlimited amount of labor before fully

is

its details shall

have been

out.

be proper, in this connection, to mention, in as

manner

as possible,

some of the principal

results

of our Survey, and particularly those which relate to the

PREFACE.

XV11

character and distribution of the different subdivisions of the geological series, as developed on

and near the

Perhaps the most striking fact we have

Pacific coast.

to present

is,

the

immense development on the western edge of our Continent of rocks equivalent in age to the Upper Trias of the Alps,

and palseontologically

closely allied

to

the limestones of

Hallstadt and Aussee and the St. Cassian beds, that ex-

tremely important and highly fossiliferous division of the Alpine Trias.

This great Triassic belt of the Pacific coast has been most fully explored

by the Survey

in the latitude of 40°,

and over

a width east and west of nearly four degrees of longitude (117° to 121°).

It is

from

this region that the largest por-

volume have

tion of the Triassic fossils described in this

been obtained, namely, from the three parallel ranges, in longitude 117° to 118°, in

Humboldt Mountains, from

localities in

Nevada

or the

Territory,

known

as the

Humboldt Mining Region, and

Plumas County,

But

California.

sufficient

palaxmtological evidence has been obtained to enable us to

that this formation extends from Mexico to British

state

Columbia, and that

it

occupies a vast area, although

much

broken up, interrupted by eruptive rocks, and covered in

many

places

Among

by heavy accumulations of volcanic

the specimens from the

Humboldt

materials.

ranges, as also

from Plumas County and other localities in the Sierra Nevada, Mr. Gabb recognizes at least four species as identical with European, while the whole aspect of our Triassic collections is

strikingly like that of the Hallstadt

there being the PAL. VOL.

I.

—C

and

St.

Cassian beds,

same remarkable intermixture of Orthocera-

PREFACE.

XV111

tites, Ceratites,

Goniatites, Nautili,

and Ammonites, the

latter

frequently of those peculiar globose forms occurring in the Alps, together with Hahbia, Monotis, Avicula, Pecien, and

other species, a Monotis being the most abundant and most

widely diffused of

Accompanying

all.

this Triassic formation in the Sierra

vada, and probably also in the

Humboldt

ranges,

is

Ne-

an exten-

development of rocks of Jurassic age, usually highly

sive

metamorphosed and extremely barren of fossils. these,

however have been found

to

Enough of

warrant the assertion,

that the sedimentary portion of the great metalliferous belt

of the Pacific coast of North America

made up

is,

to

a large extent,

of rocks of Jurassic and Triassic age, with a com-

paratively small development of Carboniferous limestone,

and that these formations are

so folded together,

broken up,

and metamorphosed in the great chain of the Sierra Nevada, that

it

will be

unravel

its

an immense

labor, if indeed possible at all, to

detailed structure.

While we are

fully justified

in saying, that a large portion of the auriferous rocks of California strata,

consist

of metamorphic

we have not a

Triassic

and Jurassic

particle of evidence to sustain

theory which has been so often brought forward, that

the

all,

or

even a portion, of the auriferous rocks are older than the Carboniferous, not a trace of a Devonian or Silurian fossil

ever having been discovered in California, or indeed any-

where

to the

west of the 116th meridian.

the other hand, that no inconsiderable

It appears,

on

amount of gold has

been obtained from metamorphic rocks, belonging as high

up

in the series as the Cretaceous.

s

PREFACE.

The

XIX

fourth section of this volume furnishes evidence of

the wide-spread occurrence of the Cretaceous system on the Pacific coast. are, indeed, to

usually

The Coast ranges of California and Oregon a large extent, made up of rocks of this age,

somewhat metamorphic

highly so; but

still,

in their condition,

and often

on the whole, forming the richest

fossili-

ferous formation of California, having furnished already, in

the course of our necessarily rapid explorations, a more or less extensive series of species at

Cretaceous formation

and in

The

localities.

also extensively developed

on the

Sierra Nevada, in the northern part of the

flanks of the State,

is

over thirty

this position being less

metamorphosed than in

the Coast ranges, several of the localities discovered have

proved to be

prolific in well-preserved as well as interesting

and novel forms.

According to Mr. Gabb,

the Cretaceous, so far as Pacific coast

Chalk,

—and

by but a that

it

yet known,

is

single

may

member,

is

it

appears that

represented on the

—the Upper or White

be divided into two well-marked

groups, the lower of which corresponds to the No. 4 of

and Ilayden, or the Fort Pierre group.

Meek

This division (Div.

A.) of this volume, has yielded 152 species in California, out of about 2G0 collected in the Cretaceous, and of these only

about half a dozen are sion (Div. B.). its

common

to this

and the upper

This latter should, probably, judging from

stratigraphical position, correspond with the

group, or No. 5 of Meek and

Hayden although ;

with a single doubtful exception, are peculiar

and that species

New

divi-

is

all

Fox

Hill

the species,

to California,

referred to one described from No. 4 in

Jersey and Tennessee.

XX

PREFACE.

Rocks of Tertiary age are extensively developed

in the

Coast ranges, and especially in that portion of them which

between the parallels of 34° and

lies

ferous in

many

35°.

Although

fossili-

beds do not usually retain

localities, these

their organic remains in as good a state of preservation as

the Cretaceous, while the in the

cies

number of

Tertiary rocks

is

distinct groups of spe-

considerable, indicating the

existence of several subdivisions of the system, the exact relations of

which

to

each other, and to those recognized in

the Eastern States and in Europe, are not yet fully wrought out.

Besides the marine mollusca of the Tertiary, to be

worked up by Mr. Gabb during the coming winter, there are, in the collections of the

plants, as well

as of

Survey, large numbers of

mammalian remains, from

fossil

the later

Tertiary and Post-tertiary of the Sierra Nevada and the

Coast ranges, which will be elaborated by competent authorities,

for a

and which

will furnish, as is expected, the materials

second volume of the palaeontological portion of our

Report.

For a

full

description of the Stratigraphical Geology of the

State, so far as developed,

distribution

and

for farther details as to the

and relations of the

ume, the reader

is

fossils

described in this vol-

referred to the forthcoming

General Geology, which

is

volume of

intended to follow the one here-

with presented without delay. J.

Office of the Geological Survey of California, Sept. 1864.

D.

WHITNEY.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA. VOL.

I.

SECTION

I.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS.

BY R

B.

MEEK.

OR A MINI

F

ERA.

F

Genus FUSULINA,

Fischer.

Fusulina kobusta, Meek. PL

2,

Pig.

3,

and 3

a, b, c.

Shell oval-subglobose, the longer diameter being to the shorter Surface with longitudinal linear, slightly impressed furrows, placed at regular intervals, one over each septum, and extending from end to end, becoming a little

about as 26 to

20.

—

twisted as they approach the extremities.

the last

or outer one being usually

Volutions five or

less capacious

six,

than one or

Septa about thirty to forty in

two of those immediately within.

the last or outer turn of adult shells; nearly straight at their outer edges, but becoming waved and distorted within, so as to near give the interior a complex cellular appearance, particularly

each end of the

narrow or

shell.

Mesial fissure apparently short and very

linear.

Greatest length of one of the largest specimens, 0.40 inch; breadth of do., 0,32 inch. Average size, about one-fourth less. Compared with the published

figures of the Eussian species, F. cylindrica of

Pischer, this species will be found larger and greatly

standing septa,

its

larger size, however,

and the coincident

distant.

It agrees

striae

it

ever,

less,

while

its

more

more nearly in form and size with a variety of a shell found Kansas and Missouri, usually referred to F. cylindrica,

Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 2G1.)

and generally attains a larger

—

—

which Dr. Haydcn and the writer proposed the name

Acad. Nat.

Notwith-

ventricose.

of the exterior, are less numerous and

in the Coal-measures of for

more

usually has about one volution

size

It ;

is

Ventricosa. (Proceed.

uniformly much more gibbous, how-

while transverse sections show that even

(3)

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

4 much

smaller sized individuals of the Kansas shell have two or three

tions than the species

more volu-

under consideration, and several more septa in each turn.

Bass's Ranch, Shasta County.*

Locality.

Fusulina gracilis, Meek. PL

2.,

Fig.

1,

and

1 a, b, c.

volutions five to six.

Shell small, very slender, cylindrical:

Surface

marked

longitudinally

Fissure un-

coincident with the septa within.

strise

impressed

by

slight linear furrows, or faintly

known.

Septa about twenty-five in the last or outer turn, very undulated laterally so as to come nearly or quite in constrongly tact at regular intervals, thus giving the interior, as seen in longitudinal sections, a distinctly reticulated cellular appearance.

Length, 0.20 inch; breadth, 0.05 inch. This is hy have seen,

far the

—

its

most slender and regularly cylindrical species of the genus I being parallel and without the slightest tendency to swell

sides

out in the middle.

by its form any other known

It will be readily distinguished,

most slender individuals of F.

cylindrica, or of

ing perhaps F. clongata of Shumard; and from that by

Shumard's species attains a length of one Occurs associated with F. robusta.

size, since

to

its

alone,

from the

species, except-

comparatively minute

two inches.

Fusulina cylindrica, Fischer? PI. 2, Fig. 2,

and

2 a.

Fusulina cylindrica, Fischer. Oryct. Moscow, 1837, p. 126, pi. 18, fig. 1-5. Fusulina depressa, Fischer. Ibid., pi. 13, fig. 6-11. Geol. Rus. Fusulina cylindrica, Murchison, De Verneuil and Keyserling. vol.

ii,

&c,

pt. 2, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 1, a, b, c, d.

Along with the foregoing there

are a few weathered silicious specimens, having

exactly the form and agreeing in size with the above-cited species

;

but the spe-

warrant a very positive opinion in regard to their I suspect they will probably be found to be identity with the Russian form. distinct, but being unable, from the imperfect specimens examined, to point out

cimens are not in a condition

to

any characters by which they can be distinguished, I

refer

them provisionally

to

that species.

Length of a medium-sized specimen, 0.28 inch

;

thickness of do., 0.10 inch.

Occurs in a silicious mass with F. robusta. * All the from the limestone species described or noticed in this section are which crops out, forming a range of hills, oast and northeast of Bass's Ranch, Shasta County. J. D. W.

belt,

ZOOPHYTA. Genus LITHOSTROTION, FlemincO* LlTHOSTROTION MAMILLARE PI. Sti/l ina,

Lesueur.

1,

Fig.

Axinura Canadensis.

Ibid.,

Ter.

a, b.

Lithostroiion basaltiforme, 1852^ 5 and G. Lithostroiion mamillare,

Sil.

de l'Amerique du Nord,

pi. 24, fig. 5.

fig. 4.

Prod, do Paloeont.,

Acrocyathus floriformis, d'Orbigny.

and

and 4

4,

Castleiiail, (sp.)

1832.

Astrcea mamillaris, Castlenau. 1843.

1

(?),

Owen.

t.

1850.

1G0.

1, p.

Bept. "Wiscon., Iowa, and Min., tab.

Edwards and Haime. Monog. Polyp.,

iv,

figs.

p. 433, pi. 13, figs.

1 a, b.

Geol. Kept. Iowa, vol.

Lithostroiion mamillare, Hall.

i,

part

2, p. 6G7, pi. 24, fig.

5, a, b.

1

have

referred this coral to the above species with some hesitation, because

the specimens are imperfect fragments, not giving a very satisfactory idea of the

general appearance of the entire corallum, nor of the calices.

been able to determine, however, from sections, ture with fine specimens of L. mamillare,

now

it

agrees well in

As near its

as I

before me, from Missouri and Illi-

There can be no doubt in regard to its generic characters and, specifically identical with the common species of the Mississippi valley, it nois.

have

internal struc-

;

if

not

is

cer-

tainly a closely allied representative form.

As

in that species, the specimens present

corallites are in closely

two modes of growth, one in which the

aggregated masses, and assume an angular prismatic form,

and another in which they are less crowded, cylindrical, and grow in tufts. These two forms may be distinct species but they seem to present the same internal ;

structure,

and

it

is

not improbable, that additional specimens would show inter-

mediate gradations in the mode of growth, as we see in authentic examples of mamillare from the Western States.

In both of the forms alluded eight, most of which extend

to

above the rays vary from about twenty

to the columella.

Alternating with these

L,.

to thirtyis

another

(5)

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

6

The tabulae pass obliquely upwards series of much shorter, or rudimentary rays. and inwards from the outer vesicular zone on all sides to the columella, and occaso as to

sionally divide, area.

Tbe outer

impart a somewhat vesicular appearance to the interior

vesicular zone consists of small vesicles, arranged in irregular

oblique rows, sloping inwards from the surrounding external wall.

In the tufted specimens with cylindrical

corallites,

preserved, the surface shows no traces of costal

on similar

varieties of L. mamillare

corallites, I

am

If

so,

species.

where the epitheca

is

well

such as we see so well defined

from the subcarboniferous rocks of the Mis-

and the slightly more flexuous appearance of the led to suspect that this form may possibly prove to be a distinct I would suggest for it the name L. sublceve. Whether the other

From

sissippi valley.

stria?,

this fact,

form, with crowded angular corallites, presents smooth or striated surfaces,

the collection in a condition to

Lithostrotion PL

when

means of knowing, there being no specimens show these surfaces.

the corallites separate, I have no

1,

?

in

Californiense, Meek.

Fig.

2,

and 2

a, b, c.

Corallum apparently growing in small tufts, or probably sometimes produced and branching into dendroid forms. Corallites large, cylindrical, or cylindrico-conical,

Surface

marked by small but

where the epitheca costal strise.

is

and more or

less flexuous.

distinct wrinkles of growth, and,

well preserved, scarcely visible traces of

Calices rather deep, circular or a

little

oval,

and

bearing within a moderately prominent, somewhat compressed columellar boss. Rays from fifty to sixty-eight, a little flexuous ;

about half of them extending to the columella, while the intermediate smaller ones only pass about one-third of the way in from the outer wall. to

Vertical section showing the outer vesicular zone

be bounded by a thin, irregular, inner wall, and composed of

unequal vesicles, arranged in oblique, irregular rows, sloping inwards each row consisting of about six to eight of the small,

;

vesicles.

Tabulae ascending and

large, irregular vesicles, sloping

much

divided, so as to form

outwards from the

axis.

The specimens of this species yet obtained are mostly detached corallites, embedded in hard limestone, and consequently are not in a condition to show very clearly its mode of growth. As near as can be determined, however, it would seem to

have grown

in small tufts of a

few large diverging

corallites,

—at

first

subconical

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. in form, but

becoming elongated and cylindrical with age.

t

"Whether or not they

continued to branch, so as to present a dendroid aspect, cannot be determined from the specimens yet collected. The rather large size and subconical form of

might lead to the supposition that they in belong to the genus CliswphyUum, from which they do not differ materially of the entire The compound mode of growth, however, their internal structure.

some of the

corallites, as seen detached,

corallum, would exclude

it

denned by Edwards and Ilaimc. study, its generic relations must remain

from that genus

Until better specimens can be obtained for

as

somewhat doubtful.

The

large size, and

more conical form of the

calices, as well as their

more

widely divergent mode of branching, will readily distinguish this species from any variety of the common L. mamiUare. The surfaces of its calicos are also

more wrinkled by the marks of growth, while striaj

vertical section, arc

ward curve,

it

wants the rather distinct costal

Again, the large vesicles of

of that species.

more numerous and

irregular,

its

middle area, as seen in a

and do not slope with a down-

as in L. inamillare.

LlTHOSTROTION PI.

Corallum loosely

more or less

1,

Fig.

fasciculate.

flexuous.

3,

?

and

3 a.

Corallites slender, cylindrical,

unknown. Rays twenty to twentyand apparently extending nearly or

Calices

four, rather strong, straight,

with short rudimenquite to the columella; sometimes alternating than the rays, and tary rays. Tahulae thin, arranged more closely the axis. Outer vesicurving strongly upwards as they approach cular zone, as seen in vertical sections, very narrow, and occupied vesicles. usually by a single series of small, very ohlique

very imperfect specimens, I do not feel warranted in identifying it with any known species nor would it be desirable It may be comto attempt to describe it from such material under a new name. L. Martini, Edwards and pared with such forms as L. irregidare, Phillips (sp.),

Only knowing

this coral in the condition of

;

Haime, &c, though

it

seems to

differ in its internal structure

the other species with which I have compared

it.

from these and

all

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

8

Genus CLISIOPHYLLUM, Dana. Clisiophyllum Gabbi, Meek. PI. 1, Fig.

Corallum

elongate, or

1,

and

becoming

1 a, b.

at maturity cylindrico-conicaJ,

attaining a large size; smaller extremity rather pointed, and

or less abruptly curved.

more

Surface with small obscure wrinkles of

growth, and rather faintly marked longitudinal or costal striae, coincident with the rays within, which are regularly arranged,

about six to eight in the space of 0.25 inch.

Rays

forty to sixty,

moderately strong, nearly straight, and in part extending to and ascending the central boss of the calices with a slight twist. Alternating with these principal rays there

is

another series of

beyond the inner margin Calices deep, and nearly or quite

short rudimentary ones, rarely extending

of the outer vesicular zone.

with a thin rim, and a rather prominent, acutely conical, Outer vesicular zone, as seen in a vertical central protuberance.

circular,

composed of very small, regular, subrhombic vesicles, their longer axis nearly vertical, but disposed so as with ranging section,

form oblique rows sloping inwards. Middle area between the pseudo-columella and the outer vesicular zone, occupied by large,

to

irregular, elongated,

more or

less arcuate, transverse vesicles.

Pseudo-columella composed of irregular, elongated vesicles, inclined obliquely downwards and outwards, parallel to the outer slope of the central boss.

Length of a rather small conical specimen, 2.50 inches; breadth of ditto, at larger extremity, 1.45 inches.

Fragments of large

subcylindrical specimens in the collection indicate their entire

length to have been six to eight inches, and their transverse diameter near two inches. This fine coral

is

perhaps more nearly related, both in form and internal struc-

ture, to Clisiophyllum bi-partitum, 6),

than to any other

known

McCoy

species.

(Palaeozoic Fossils, p. 93, pi.

It attains a larger size,

iii

c, fig.

however, and has a

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. more acutely

conical, central protuberance

details of its internal structure.

As

;

while

it

9

presents differences in the

in that species, a vertical section shows

its

outer vesicular area to be comparatively thin, and composed of very small vesicles,

the middle zone between this and the pseudo-columella of coarser, transverse vesicles

;

and the

false

columella itself of elongated, slanting vesicles.

In our

breadth of these zones is different its middle species, however, the comparative the false columella and the outer area, being between one, of transverse vesicles, ;

proportionally

much

broader, or nearly equalling the breadth of the pseudo-

columella; while, according to Prof. McCoy's figures, the columellar space is ten to twelve times as broad as the middle zone in his species. Again, the outer vesicular zone in the species under consideration

where

is

proportionally a

little

broader

fully developed.

worthy of note that the outer area is merely rudimentary in small specimens, and probably entirely wanting in very young examples of our species. In speciIt

is

and a quarter inches in length there is usually but a single series of these small outer vesicles, rising like little blisters on the inner side of the smaller extremity of the corallite epitheca between the rays. Farther up from the

mens

of one inch to one

another alternating series so

on until ten or twelve

is

developed upon these, and

series are

still

higher another, and

produced in large specimens

there would seem to have been no farther increase.

the outer zone appear to be of uniform size at

The

all stages

;

beyond which

vesicles themselves of

of growth

;

their height

being about 0.04 inch, and their breadth about 0.02 inch. No well-defined walls were observed separating the outer and middle zones, nor the latter from the pseudo-columella.

The

specific

name

is

given in honor of Mr.

State Geological Survey of California.

VOL.

I.

—2

W. M.

Gabb, Palaeontologist of the

MOLLUSC! BEACHIOPODA. Genus ORTHIS, Dalman. Orthis

(sp.

PI. 2, Fig. 5,

Compare

midt.)

and 5

Orthis Michclini, L'Eveille (sp.).

a, b. c.

Davidson, Carb. Brach. Grt. Brit.,

11. pi. 30, Pigs. C to

Shell small, suborbicular, or a

little

oval, the length

being less than oneor than the breadth short, hinge-line very greater third the breadth of the valves, and not imparting any angularity ;

Valves nearly equal, without any mesial Ventral valve somewhat flattened in front, but more

to the lateral margins.

depression.

in the umbonal region beak prominent and incurved area small, regularly arched foramen higher than wide. Dorsal valve more regularly convex than the other, most

convex than the other

;

;

;

prominent between the middle and the cardinal margin beak rather prominent, but less so than that of the other valve, mode;

rately incurved.

Surface of both valves ornamented with fine

which increase by division and intercrossing these are a few distant, obscure, concentric

threadlike radiating calation;

marks of growth.

stria?,

Stride of

both valves showing the bases of

minute, scattering, hair-like, tubular spines.

Length, 0.35 inch; breadth, 0.32 inch; convexity, 0.17 inch. This

little shell

excepting that

its

seems to be an exact miniature of Orthis Michelini, L'Eveille, beaks are more prominent and arched than

is

common

in that

(10)

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS. species, particularly that of the ventral valve.

11

In the prominence of

its

beaks

it

a

much

smaller shell, with a shorter hinge, and more rounded cardinal extremities.

Mr.

agrees more nearly with

O. Michelina, var. Burlingionensis, Hall; but it

Davidson, I understand, considers the form figured under the

name

is

0. Michelina,

var. Burlingtonensis (after a careful comparison of authentic specimens), identical

with British examples of L'Eveille's species. This being the case, I cannot see the form under consideration can be distinguished from that species, unless

how by

its

much

smaller size.

If the only two specimens I have seen are not young

shells, or accidentally dwarfed individuals, they

may

belong to a distinct species;

but, until other specimens can be procured for comparison, I prefer to leave the

question in regard to their relations to 0. Michclini for future consideration.

Genus PRODUCTUS, Sowerby. Productus semireticulatus, Martin PI. 2, Fig. 4,

and 4

Anomites semireticulatus, Martin. Petrefact. Dcrb., fig. 4.

(sp.)

a.

pi. 32, figs. 1

and

2,

and

pi. 33,

1809.

Anomites productus, Martin. Ibid., 22, figs. 1 and 2. Anomites Scoticus, Martini, and antiquatus, Sowerby. Min. Con. Anomites Martini and antiquatus, Phillip.

Geol. Yorkshire, pi.

Leptama antiquata and tribulijcra, Fischer. Oryct. Mosc, and pi. 20, fig. 1. 1837. Productus Martini, De Koninck. An. Foss.. pi. 7, iig. 2. Productus Inca and Peruvianas, d'Orbigny. Voy. Am. Mer.,

1814 and 1821. 7, fig. 2.

183G.

pi. 26, figs. 4

and

5,

pi. 4, figs. 1, 3,

and

4.

Productus flexistriata, McCoy. Synopsis Carb. Foss., Ireland, pi. 17, fig. 1. 1844. Productus semireticulatus, De Koninck. Monogr. Gen. Product, pi. 8, fig. 1. Productus Calhounianus, Swallow? Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 215. 1858.

The fect,

specimens of the shell referred to the above-cited species are very imperbut seem to agree in all their visible characters with that well-known form.

that better specimens, showing the entire shell and its internal might present differences warranting its separation. It evidently attained a large size, some of the specimens indicating a transverse diameter of

Still it is possible

characters,

near three and a quarter inches.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

12

Genus

RHYNCHONELLA, Rhynchonella

(sp.

Fischer.

undt.)

Shell small, subglobose, or subtrigonal.

Dorsal valve more

convex than the other, most prominent a little in advance of the middle, and rounding down to meet the other valve in front and

on each side; ornamented with from nine to eleven simple, rather obtuse, plications, which extend scarcely half way up towards the

beak from the to

front, three of

them being

raised anteriorly, so as

form a moderately prominent mesial ridge.

Ventral valve

somewhat compressed, most gibbous near the umbo; beak slightly arched, and extending a little beyond, and closely pressed upon and mesial depression corresponding with the mesial ridge and plications of the

that of the other valve

;

surface with plications

margin provided with a mesial projection, a corresponding sinuosity in the front of the other valve

dorsal valve; anterior

which

when

fills

the shell

closed.

is

Length, 0.33 inch; breadth, 0.28 inch; convexity, 0.25 inch. In a genus

like this,

folly to attempt to

embedded

where there are

so

many

closely allied species,

it

would be

determine a species from a single imperfect specimen partly

in the matrix, especially

unexplored locality.

I therefore

when

it

comes from a distant and hitherto

merely give such characters and as good a figure

as the condition of the

specimen will admit of,* and leave the determination of

specific relations until

we can have an opportunity

* This shell

is

to study better specimens.

not figured on the plates furnished by Mr. Meek.

J.

D.

W.

its

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS.

Genus SPIRIFER,

13

Sowerby.

Subgenus MARTINIA, McCoy. Spirifer llneatus, Martin? PI. 2, Fig. 6,

and G

Conchiliolithus A?io?nites llneatus, Martin.

Pctrefact. Derb., tab. 36,

Terebratula lineata, Sowerby. Min. Concb. Terebratula imbricata, Sowerby. Ibid., 34, Spirifera Martini,

a, b, c,

4, p. 39, tab.

Geol. York, p. 219,

Spirifer a imbricata, Phillips.

313, figs.

Martinia stringocephaloides,

1809.

fig. 3.

2 (not

fi

r.l).

1828. 1836.

pi. 10, fig. 17.

fig. 20.

Ibid.,

Ibid., fig. 14. Spirifera mesiloba, Phillips. Reticularia reticulata, McCoy. Synop. Carb. Ireland, pi. 19, Reticularia imbricata and lineata, McCoy. Ibid., p. 143.

Spirifera elliptica,

1,

fig. 3.

Brit. An., p. 376.

Fleming.

Spirifera lineata, Phillips.

(sp.)

d.

McCoy?

fig. 15.

1844

Ibid., p. 144, pi. 22, fig. 8. 1855.

Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 427.

McCoy.

Ibid., p. 429. Spirifera imbricata and lineata, McCoy. Rept. Geol. Iowa, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 705, pi. 27, fig. Spirifer setigerus, Hall. Species Palaeozoic Fossils, p. 43'. Spirifera perplcxa, McChcsney ?

4, a, b.

New

The

shell I

be found to

when

have referred

to the

above widely distributed species

present some internal or other

specific difference

may

possibly

from Spirifera

lineata,

a series of good specimens, entirely detached from the matrix, can be ex-

amined.

So

far,

however, as I have been able to determine from those in the

seems to agree exactly with young examples of that species of the Carboniferous Brachiopoda figured by Mr. Davidson in his "Monograph other all In and of Great Britain." size, respects, it likewise agrees well nearly

collection before me,

it

identical with perplcxa of McChcsney, which Mr. Davidson pronounces American of authentic a careful specimens with lineata, after comparison

with S.

S.

British examples of Martin's species.

If our shell never attains a larger size than the specimens under examination, I should strongly suspect

be

it

to be distinct

from

difficult to find characters to distinguish

from

its

uniformly smaller size

may

it

S. lineata;

from

but in that case

S. jKrplcxa,

be distinct from

S. lineata.

it

would

MeChesney, which

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

14

Genus SPIRIFERINA, Davidson. Spiriferina

The

undt.)

(sp.

specimen referred to the above-named genus It

valve.

is

too imperfect to exhibit

referred to this group from

its

but a fragment of a dorsal

coarsely punctate structure.

to the plicated section of the genus,

rently somewhat

is

reliable specific characters,

any

and

is

only

It evidently belongs

and has an extended hinge-line, being appaIts mesial fold is larger than the

like S. cristata, Schlot. (sp.)

lateral plications, of

which there are four on each

side.

Genus RETZIA, King. Retzia compressa, Meek. PI. 2, Fig. 7,

and

7 a,

b, c.

Shell small, ovate, subtrigonal, rather compressed, showing no

Beak

traces of a mesial fold.

and but

nent,

slightly arched

of ventral valve moderately promi;

rounded, and truncated at the

extremity by a small circular foramen.

Surface ornamented by

ten or eleven simple, rather narrow, prominent, radiating costa?,

about equalling the deep furrows between, and extending nearly or quite to the beaks.

Length, 0.34 inch

;

breadth, 0.33 inch

;

convexity about 0.24

inch.

to

The specimens of this species in the collection examined are not in a condition show the area, or any of the internal characters, yet they present peculiarities

by which It

is,

it

may

be distinguished from any other

perhaps, most nearly related to R.

Marcou

(Geol.

North Am.,

pi. G, fig. 11, a,

known

carboniferous species.

Mormonn = Terebratula Mormonii, of but is a much less gibbous shell, b) ;

with narrower and more sharply elevated plications. It may also be compared with R. punctilifera, Shumard (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 220), from

which

it

also differs in being

prominent

more compressed, and

plications, as well as in being destitute of

in having fewer and more any traces of a mesial sinus.

The specimens being weathered, do not show the surface punctas very distinctly, by the aid of a good magnifier, traces of them can be seen in a good light.

but,

They

are very fine and regularly disposed.

CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS.

15

GASTEROPODA, Genus

Sowerby. == STRAPAROLLUS, Montfort ?

EUOMPHALUS, Subgenus

OMPHALOTROCIIUS,

Meek.

Euomphalus "Whitneyi, Meek. PL

Shell

2,

Fig.

and 8

8,

a.

large, rather thick, depressed-subtrocliiform, widely

am-

Umbilicus deep and conical, nearly or quite equalling the breadth of the last whorl at the aperture. Volutions four to bilicatcd.

four and a half, sloping and concave above, and bicarinate around

the outer side, the carinse being separated by a wide, nearly verBetween the lower carina and tical, flattened or concave space. the obtusely subangular margin of the umbilicus the under side

of the whorls

is

nearly

flat,

or slightly convex

forming the walls of the umbilicus is more or very abrupt. Suture linear, but well defined.

;

while the side

less flattened

and

Aperture subor-

bicular, or transversely suboval, not modified

turn.

Lip rather obtuse, and a

little

by the preceding concave in outline on the

inner side; while on the under side (judging from the curve of the lines of growth) it is oblique, and more or less sigmoid in outline.

The same

obliquity continues around the outer

sides, so that the

siderably farther

and upper

must project forward conabove than below. Surface marked only with margin of the

lip

growth, which are most strongly defined on the under side and within the umbilicus.

lines of

Greatest breadth about 4.60 inches; height near 2 inches. All the specimens of this shell in the collection are imperfect, but, taken together, they convey a correct idea of

its

form and most of

its

biangular, broadly flattened periphery, and general outline, give

characters. it

so

much

Its

the

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

16

some depressed subtrochiform

it

was not

until fully satisfied that the lines of growth, in crossing the flattened space

between

aspect of

species of Pleurotomaria, that

the carina? on the outer side of the whorls, as well as in passing over the carinas,

make

not the slightest backward curve, that I could be convinced there might

not have been a sinus in the

lip, as

in that genus.

It differs

(E. pentangulatus), as well as

from the type

of

from the other typical

Sowerby's genus Euomphalus species of that group with a more prominent spire, in having its whorls flattened or broadly concave around the outer side, and flattened with an outward slope above.

It

is

also a

much more ponderous

in consequence of

its lip,

which

it

projects

than the lower side of the aperture.

shell,

with a more oblique outline to

much

farther forward on the upper

It also seems to

have differed in having

its

pcritreme scarcely continuous, or, at any rate, very thin on the side connecting

with the preceding whorl. I have some doubts in regard to the propriety of placing such shells in the same genus with Euomphahcs pentangulatus ; but do so from deference to the opinions of various authors, of forms.

name

It

who

may

insist

upon making Sowerby's genus include a wide diversity

be regarded as the type of a group for which I propose the

Omphalotrochus, including 0. antiquus= Solarium antiquum, d'Orbigny, from

the carboniferous rocks of Bolivia. (Voyage dans l'Amerique M&rid., p. 42,

pi. 3,

figs. 1, 3.)

The seem

identity of Montfort's genus Straparollus with Euomphalus, Sowerby, would

to be

very questionable, if any reliance can be placed upon Montfort's figure and description of the type of his genus [Straparollus Dionysii). If they are congeneric, however, Montfort's name will have to take precedence, as it has priority of date

under

;

it,

and the group

to which our shell belongs would then stand as a subgenus with the name of the type written Straparollus [Omphalotrochus) Whit-

neyi.

The

specific

name

of this fine shell

State Geologist of California.

is

given in honor of Prof. J. D. "Whitney,

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA. VOL.

I.

SECTION

II.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRIASSIC FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA AND THE ADJACENT TERRITORIES.

B Y W. M.

TAL. TOL. I.— 3

GAB B.

(17

)

1

am

indebted to Mr. Meek, of Washington, to

whom

I sent sketches of

some

comparing them with the works of European authors on the Since then, I Trias, to which I could not at that time have access in California. have been enabled to verify most of his opinions by reference to the fine monoof these

fossils, for

graphs of Ilauer.

W. M.

G.

(18)

ORTHOCERATITES, O. Blakei, n. PI. 3, Fig.

Shell slender, conical

Breynius.

s.

1.

apical angle in

;

young specimens, 11°

;

diminishing as the animal increases in size, so that, in a frag-

ment

.7

inch in diameter, the sides are almost parallel.

placed at two-fifths small, central.

the diameter of the shell apart.

There are no marked characters by which

Locality:

Siphon

Surface plain.

The

All the specimens are small.

ham

Septa

Buena Vista

District,

Blake, Esq., in honor of

this species

can he well distinguished.

figures are natural size.

Humboldt Mining Region.

whom

the species

NAUTILUS,

is

Collected by Gor-

named.

Breyn.

N. Whitneyi,

n.

s.

PI. 3, Figs. 2, 3.

Shell moderate

in size;

last

volution expanding

somewhat

rapidly towards the aperture, enveloping about two-thirds of the preceding whorl. Sides flat, converging towards the dorsum,

and gradually rounding into

it.

Dorsum

slightly arched.

Um-

bilicus large, being nearly one-third the diameter of the whole disk; the umbilical margin slopes outwards and unites with the

surface of the shell

by a rounded angle.

Septa deeply arched (19)

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

20 on the

from each other by about one-third the Surface marked by fine lines, which arise

sides; separated

width of the volution.

curve slightly backwards and then forwards on the side, and, as they pass over the angle between the side and back, again curve backwards, making a deep sinus on the dorin the umbilicus

;

sum. This shell

is

allied in

form

to N. bidorsatus,

ScWot.

The

sides are, in the pre-

more strongly inclined towards each other; and the dorsum vex, instead of being excavated. The umbilicus also is smaller. sent species,

Locality

:

With

is

con-

the preceding species.

N. MULTICAMERATUS, PL

3,

Figs.

U.

S.

4, 5.

Shell broad, subglobose; whorls deeply embracing; sides compressed and rapidly converging dorsum broadly grooved um;

;

bilicus apparently quite small, partially obliterated in the speci-

Septa numerous, crowded, arching forwards on the sides, and curving slightly backwards on the back. Siphuncle unusually

men.

large.

Surface

marked by revolving, somewhat irregular

elevated

lines. Figure, natural Locality:

A

size.

single specimen

was found by Mr. R. Homfray at

"Dun

Glen,"

near the Auld Lang Syne Mine, Sierra District, Humboldt County, Nevada Territory.

TRIASSIC FOSSILS.

21

GONIATITES, De Haan. (?

AG ABIDES, Montf.*)

G. LiEviDORSATUs, Hauer, PI.

(Ammonites

Shell size

;

Id.,

Figs.

3,

sp.

6, 7.

Hauer; Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wien, 18G0. PL

3, figs. 9,

10

6.)

whorls many; increasing very gradually in each volution enveloping about one-fourth of the preceding discoidal,

Umbilicus broad and shallow. Aperture sub-elliptical sometimes nearly straight, emarginate on the ventral side. one.

face sometimes plain, sometimes strongly ribbed.

;

sides

Sur-

When

the

on the margin of the umbilicus, and they approach the dorsum but always become

ribs are present, they arise

arch forwards as

;

obsolete before reaching

They present every

it.

variety,

from sharp, prominent

most obsolete undulations, usually being more

ribs, to al-

closely placed in

proportion to their distinctness.

Septum composed of a with their saddles, are

when he

and two

lateral lobes,

mere rounded undulations.

which,

Hauer,

described this species, had not seen the septum.

Dimensions

Width

all

dorsal

:

Diameter across

of body whorl, .32 inch.

the body whorl,

Width

1.05

inch.

of aperture, .25 inch.

These measurements are from the specimen figured.

It possesses five volutions.

Another specimen, 1.75 inch in diameter, has eight whorls. The specimen figured differs somewhat from Hauer's figure in the transverse diameter of the whorls; hut

still

greater differences exist between specimens found

at

our locality, both in

and in the prominence and distance between the ribs. Prof. Whitney collected in El Dorado Canon, near Dayton, Washoe, a species which may bo this respect

The description given is doubtful whether this name should be accepted. that it might be applied with equal or even greater so Montfort was indefinite by name given by propriety to the genus Clymenia. I prefer, therefore, to adopl the * It

first author, who characterized the genus properly; especially since, with the exception of d'Orhigny, all subsequent authors have given it their sanction.

the

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

22

referred to the present one,

diameter.

From

—some

specimens of which must have been a foot in

their state of preservation, however,

on their identity, since they only occur

Horn has more

recently sent

me

it is

impossible to decide

as indistinct impressions

on

slate.

Dr.

a specimen, undoubtedly belonging to this spe-

found opposite the military station in Owen's Valley, Tulare County, California, about thirteen miles north of Owen's Lake, in the foot-hills on the east

cies,

side of the valley.

CERATITES, De Haan. '

C. Haidingerii.

PI. 5, Figs. 8

and 10; and

PI. 4, Fig. 9.

{GoniatUes Haidingerii, Hauer, Naturwiss., p.

Shell compressed,

lenticular.

L'G4,

pi. 8, figs. 9-11.)

In the young

entirely enveloping each preceding one;

state,

the whorl 8

sides slightly arched,

converging towards the dorsum, and then suddenly rounding towards it. Dorsum acutely carinate. Umbilicus very small.

Aperture emarginate for nearly half its length. Septum, in a specimen about an inch in its greatest diameter, composed of a dorsal and seven lateral lobes.

show a strong modification of these In one, having the last whorl with a width of two

More advanced characters.

individuals

and a quarter inches, the is

sides appear to

be

flatter,

proportionally larger, exhibiting a portiou of

volutions, the dorsum has lost

its

the umbilicus

some of the inner and becomes

central ridge,

strongly bicarinate, and the lateral lobes of the septum are double

number those of the small specimen figured. The septum consists, as remarked above, of a variable number The saddles are simply rounded, though of lobes and saddles.

in

sometimes irregular; the larger lobes end abruptly, are deeply notched in the middle, and have one or two teeth on each side of the notch. In young specimens, the lobes nearest the dorsal

margin are longest and widest, and show the denticulate termi-

TRIASSIC FOSSILS.

23

nation most strongly. In the largest specimens examined, the lohes occupying the same position are a little the largest, but are

very narrow, as are also their corresponding saddles. Their lower extremities are notched, but not dentate. Dorsal lobe unknown. :

Locality

Humboldt Mining Region, Nevada

C.

Shell of moderate

n.

Whitneyi,

PL

4,

Territory.

s.

Figs. 11, 12, 13.

whorls

enveloping about one-half. Surface of the whorls flattened on the sides for about two-thirds size

;

five,

of their width, the dorsal third being inclined inwards.

Dorsum

grooved by a rounded channel, sometimes deep, at others nearly Umbilical margin of the whorls abruptly truncated. Umflat. broad and shallow; not quite a third of the greatest diameter of the shell. Sides ornamented by a variable number of

bilicus

arching

which pass from the edge of the umbilical cavity to These ribs are sometimes

ribs,

the margin of the dorsal groove.

dichotomous and bear a variable number of nodes.

number

four rows*

is

They

are placed, one

the ribs, at the edge of the umbilicus

margin

;

;

row

The

largest

at the origin of

another row at the dorsal

a third on the middle of the whorl, at the point where

the ribs bifurcate

;

the fourth

row

is

placed between the

last

two.

The two marginal rows are most constant, although sometimes only the dorsal row remains. The number of ribs is also variable, some specimens bearing twice as many as others of the same size. Occasionally numerous supplementary ribs occur; while in some specimens they are nearly or entirely absent. Septum Dorsal lobe divided at the end into two small, condorsal verging points, by a regularly rounded eiiiargination :

;

saddle wider than the lobe and simply curved; superior lateral lobe terminating in three small tooth-like processes, with an Remainder of the septum additional one on each side above.

unknown. whorl.

The

It is

part figured extends about half the width of the

taken from a specimen one and a quarter inches in

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

24

The

diameter.

figures of the shells illustrate the

forms of this somewhat

Named

most marked

variable species.

after Prof. J. D. "Whitney, State Geologist of California.

AMMONITES, A. Blakei,

Brug.

n.

s.

PI. 4, Figs. 14, 15.

Shell

discoidal, compressed.

Whorls

five or six,

truncated

somewhat abruptly on the umbilical margin, usually flattened on the sides, rounded towards the dorsum, which is sometimes carinate,

sometimes rounded.

Body whorl enveloping about

fourths of the preceding one.

Umbilicus deep.

three-

Surface some-

times plain, or merely undulated; at other times, it is marked by-numerous ribs, which cross the sides, arching forwards from the margin of the umbilicus to near the dorsum, where they generally

become

obsolete.

These

ribs

sometimes commence

with a strongly marked tubercle, although they are usually plain. There are also usually supplementary ribs at irregular intervals.

These ribs

arise in the

middle or towards the ventral side of the

whorl; and, at a short distance from their origin, become as large as the

primary

ribs.

Septum Dorsal lobe divided, at the, extremity, into two short branches, each ending in three teeth above these branches are :

;

two notches on the

side of the lobe

;

dorsal saddle about as wide

and marked by three shallow notches superior lateral lobe a third larger than the dorsal, bifurcate at the end and as the lobe,

;

toothed at the sides

;

lateral saddle like the dorsal

;

inferior lateral

lobe smaller than the dorsal, with two processes at the end and

one on each

side. Besides these there are two supplementary lobes and saddles much smaller than those described. Diameter, 1.85

inch.

A

Width

of body whorl, .85 inch.

Width of mouth,

.55 inch.

specimen was collected by Mr. R. Homfray, near Star City, Humboldt, six

inches in diameter, and with a row of large nodes on the middle of the whorl, from which the ribs bifurcated.

TRIASSIC FOSSILS. This shell

25

closely allied to A. scaphitiformis, Hauer; but the umbilicus seems and the septum, which is of the same general style, is much more complex, especially in the dorsal and superior lateral lobes. to be larger

is

;

A. Ausseanus, Hauer. PlateS, Figs. 1G and

17.

Shell subglobose; whorls deeply enveloping, increasing very gradually in size. Umbilicus small, profound. Surface smooth or striate

by

Cast marked at intervals

indistinct lines of growth.

of one-fourth of a volution by a deep groove, caused by a thickening of the shell. These constrictions bend slightly backwards at their origin, near the umbilicus, then arch forward on the side

of the whorl and pass straight across, or curve a little backwards again on crossing the dorsum. This last character is not always constant. I have seen several specimens where it Avas entirely absent,

and others

in

which

it is

but faintly exhibited.

Aperture

compressed crescentic, very deeply emarginate.

Septum Dorsal lobe divided for half its length into two branches, each of which is subdivided into three smaller ones two smaller :

;

spurs above the branches; dorsal saddle about as wide as the lobe, and trilobate at the end superior lateral lobe divided into ;

three branches at the end, with two above on each side,

all vari-

ously toothed; superior lateral saddle like the dorsal saddle it

branches, each of which

lateral saddle

is

bifurcate

;

lateral

has but two terminal

lobe like the preceding one, except that

others, but smaller;, inferior

;

like the

lateral lobe like the superior lateral,

only differing in being smaller.

There

are, besides these,

two

smaller lobes and saddles.

Dimensions: Diameter, 2.45 inches. dorsum,

.55 inch.

This shell species.

It

is is

in the lateral

Width of

Height of aperture

aperture, 1.5 inch.

so nearly like Hauer's figure that I

have referred

more compressed laterally, and there seems to be a lobes of the two forms; but these points are not

portance to warrant a separation. PAL. VOL.

I.

—4

at the

it

to the

same

little dill'urence

ol

enough im-

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

26

A. IIOMFRAYI, PL

Shell

n.

S.

Pigs. 18, 19.

4,

small, discoidal, deeply embracing; sides flattened, curv-

ing inwards towards the dorsal margin a fourth of the diameter of the shell

;

umbilicus small, less than

margin angular dorsum Surface ornamented bicarinate, channelled between the carina?. numerous flcxuous on the ribs, arising by margin of the umbili;

;

and crossing the sides

broad curves, bending abruptly forwards when near the dorsum, and ending on the dorsal carina, which presents an undulated or tuberculated appearance. cus,

These

in three

number of rows

ribs bear a variable

of tubercles, the most

constant of which are those nearest the dorsum and on the bilical

Septum

margin.

The

lobes.

dorsal lobe

um-

composed of a dorsal and three lateral divided for about a third of

is

its

length,

each branch bearing a couple of spurs, and with three or four simple tooth-like processes above dorsal saddle narrow above ;

slightly notched at the end

and

;

superior lateral lobe broad above,

narrow below, trifid at the extremity, and with three or four spurs above lateral saddle shaped almost like two sides of an equilateral triangle, and slightly notched along the sides inferior ;

;

lateral lobe half the size of the superior lateral,

lobe

much

Figures, natural size. Locality: E. Range,

Homfray,

Some

to

whom

;

with three irregu-

Fig.

b,

;

septum.

Humboldt, Nevada Territory.

the species

is

Collected by Mr. Richard

dedicated.

specimens, from the same locality, smaller than the one figured, are more

convex on the rous

and

supplementary slightly toothed above smaller, but nearly a miniature of the last.

lar spurs at the end,

sides,

and with the

ribs proportionally a little larger

and with several rows of tubercles, in a few cases nearly

as

and

less

nume-

prominent

as

the ribs themselves.

A. BlLLINGSIANUS, PL

5,

11.

S.

Fig. 20.

Discoidal, subcompressed; sides flattened, converging towards the dorsum, which is regularly rounded umbilicus about a third ;

TRIASSIC FOSSILS.

27

of the diameter of the shell; margin rounded; whorls increasing very gradually in size in the young shell, afterwards more rapidly; aperture subcordate;

surface plain;

of a dorsal and two lateral lobes.

From

septum composed

the condition of the

specimens, I have not been able to obtain the details

;

but the

lobes appear to be quite complex, with a tendency to throw out

long slender spurs. Figure, natural size

;

fig. a,

section of the

Locality: "With the preceding.

Named

in honor of

Mr. E.

body whorl.

Collected by Mr. Homfray.

Billings, of the Geological

Survey of Canada.

A. RAMSAtrteRi? Quenst. PI. 3, Fig. 21, 21 a.

{A. Ramsaueri, Q.

Haucr

;

Die Cephalopoden des Salzkammcrgiites,

p.

22, pi. 8,

figs. 1, G.)

Tavo or three imperfect specimens of this Ammonite were found by Messrs.

Brewer and King is

figured.

at Gifford's

They agree

Ranch, Plumas County, the most perfect of which and G above

in all external characters with figures 5

quoted; and, in the absence of proof to the contrary, I have referred them to Quenstedt's species.

The

peculiar, irregularly placed, nodose ribs, the

minute

umbilicus, and the evidently subglobose form of the shell before distortion, forbid

a separation; unless larger specimens should want the angle which forms on

dorsum of adults of the European form

;

or

some

the;

difference should be detected in

the septum.

Two

showing merely a portion of the side of one volution, by Mr. Homfray, associated with A. Homfrayi and A. Billingsianus, should

or three fragments,

collected

probably be referred to this species.

The

identification of this shell

—A. Ausscamis—and

one or two other species,

with known European forms, together with the close resemblance of others to

European congeners, as well as the great similarity of type between nearly American and European deposits, point at once to a nearly, not perfectly, complete synchronism between the Trias of the Sierra Nevada

their all

if

of the forms in the

and that of the Alps.

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

28

MYACITES.

Schlot.

M. (PANOPCEA ?) HUMBOLDTENSIS,

11. 8.

PI. 5, Fig. 22.

Shell cquivalve

(?),

beak between a third and a

inequilateral;

fourth the length from the buccal end. elevated little

;

Cardinal margin slightly posterior extremity broader than the anterior, and a

more regularly rounded. Surface marked by a few

prominent, rounded, concentric ribs.

from beak to base,

.55 inch.

Length, 1.05 inch.

Depth of valve,

This shell has only been found as internal

casts.

regular,

Width

.1 inch.

I refer

it

to Schlotheim's

genus, Myaeites, on the same grounds on which he founded the genus, form. Later authors appear to doubt the validity of the genus.

—the external Be

that as

it

very probable that among the antique forms, referred to the genus Panopcea, and of which the hinges have not been discovered, we may find not only

may,

it is

one, but several distinct generic divisions.

Collected by G. Blake, in the

Nevada

Buena Vista

District,

Humboldt Mining Region,

Territory.

PANOPCEA, Menard ?

P. Remokdii, n.

PL

Shell

de la Grove.

5,

s.

Fig. 23.

beaks subcentral, prominent; anterior end rounded; posterior sometimes produced, sometimes regular most prominent towards the base. Surface marked subelliptical, oblique,

thin

;

;

by concentric undulations and fine lines. Figure, natural Locality:

size.

From San

Marcial, Sonora, Mexico.

Collected by Mr.

Esmond.

Associated with two or three other bivalves, one apparently a Cardium, too imperfect for description. plants, probably Triassic.

In the same formation were found fragments of

fossil

TKIASSIC FOSSILS.

CORBULA,

Bru.

C. Blakei, n. PI.

Shell

29

(>•

s.

Fig. 24.

5,

beak nearly central; Anterior margin regularly rounded

(right valve) subquadrate,

unibone large, prominent.

convex

;

;

Umbonal

posterior abruptly truncated.

ridge angular, distinct.

Posterior to this ridge the surface slopes at an abrupt angle to

Surface ornamented by irregular con-

the margin of the shell.

inch.

Depth

Collected by Mr. G. Blake in the

Hum-

Mining Region.

MYTILUS,

Linn.

M. IIOMFRAYI, PL

11. S.

Fig. 25.

G,

Shell rior

to base, .3

of valve, .12 inch.

A single specimen only has been found. boldt

Width from beak

Length, .46 inch.

centric lines.

cardinal margin arched, postethick, oblique, convex end convexly and obliquely truncated, anterior margin very ;

Surface

slightly convex. Figure, natural Locality;

Nevada

Two

marked only by

lines of

growth.

size.

specimens from

Dun

Glen, Sierra District,

Territory, associated with Nautilus multicamcratus.

Humboldt County, Collected by 31

p.

This shell belongs to the. type of M. vetustus, Goldf., of the Muschclkalk, but

is

Horn fray.

by somewhat

sufficiently distinguished

oblique.

It

is

also

its

less

outline, being longer,

convex than that

AVICULA,

Klein,

A. IIOMFllAYI, PI.

Shell

known.

trigonal, oblique;

0,

11.

more slender and more

species.

Lam. S.

Fig. 2G.

left

valve convex, right valve un-

Cardinal and posterior margins nearly straight, uniting

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

30

by an obtuse angle; basal margin regularly rounded; anterior Surface convex below, excavated towards the posterior sinuous.

wing marked only by lines of growth. Anterior wiug unknown. ;

Figure, natural size. Locality: Star District,

Humboldt County, Nevada

Territory.

Collected by

Mr. Homfray.

A. MUCRONATA, PI.

Shell

5,

11. S.

Fig. 27.

small, compressed, oblique

beaks central

;

;

anterior

basal margin rounded, obliquely truncated; posterior prominent; anterior ear

unknown

below, and produced spine-like process.

;

posterior broad at the base, emarginate

at the extremity in the

Surface

radiating ribs, crossed

marked by

by a few

form of a slender

fine, irregular, linear,

lines of growth.

Figure, natural size. Locality: Gifford's Ranch,

Plumas County.

HALOBIA, ?

II.

< PI. 5,

Bronn.

DUBIA, n. Fig. 28,

s.

a, b.

much compressed. Beak the small, hardly projecting beyond hinge margin; nearly (if not exactly) central. Cardinal margin straight. Surface marked Shell equivalve,

slightly oblique, very

by irregular, straight, or waved radiating ribs. These ribs are marked by fine impressed lines, one of which occasionally becomes deeper than the others, thereby causing a bifurcation. The spaces between the ribs are deep, and rarely more than half as

wide as the

crossed

ribs themselves.

In most specimens the surface

by oblique concentric undulations,

as in

some

is

species of

Lcptcena.

The

close resemblance of this shell to the genus Orthis is sufficient to

some doubt on of specimens,

its

and have not been able

to

throw

have examined a large detect any trace of an area: this

correct generic determination.

I

suite fact,

TRIASSIC FOSSILS.

31

together with the resemblance of the outline, taken from the striae of growth, to Halobia LomeUii of the Saint Cassian formation, renders it probable that they are generieally related, especially when we take into consideration their geological relation.

represents the inside of a fragment of a valve, the largest specimen Fig. b, is from the surface of one of the most perfect specimens, c, magnified view of the ribs. Fig.

a,

lected.

Localities: Star

Cauon, Buena Vista

District,

Nevada

colis

a

Territory, and Gifford's

Ranch, Plumas County, California.

MONOTIS,

Bronn.

M. SUBCIRCULARIS,

n.

8.

PI. G, Figs. 29, 29 a.

Shell flattened, subcircular, produced behind; beaks placed between the middle and anterior end anterior, basal and pos;

terior

margins forming nearly a perfect semicircle

;

the anterior

margin curving regularly inwards, above, to the beaks. Wing Surface marked short, broad, and obliquely truncated behind.

by from forty to fifty irregular, radiating ribs, alternating and crossed by fine, squamose, concentric lines.

in size,

Figures, natural size, and a magnified view of the surface. Locality: Gilford's

and Star

Ranch, Plumas Countj', California; collected by Prof. Brewer;

Humboldt County, Nevada Territory, by Mr. Homfray. very closely allied to M. salinaria, Bronn; but differs from

District,

This shell

is

in being less oblique,

more prominent below,

that

species, as figured

by Goldfuss,

produced behind

in the anterior end being regularly rounded above, instead of

;

less

bearing a small angle, and in the ear being shorter and broader. The number of ribs is about the same, and they resemble each other in their being irregularly

undulated and alternating, as well as in the cross striae. The most obvious difference is in the rounded upper end of the anterior margin of this species, instead of the very distinct angle of

M.

salinaria,

almost amounting to a second

RHYNCHOPTERUS,

ear.

N. Gen.

Aviculoid, hinge straight, no area; with a small acute ear and inward anteriorly, posterior side not alate, rounding upwards to the cardinal margin.

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

32

This genus boars almost the same external relation to Avicula, on one side, that Monotis does on the other. that

it is

None

of the specimens

R. obesus,

n.

s.

PI. 5, Fig. 30, a,

b.

Shell oblique, very convex.

Umbones prominent,

;

placed at

straight, ear acuminate,

the centre of the cardinal line.

small

show more of the hinge than

straight and slightly thickened.

Hinge and posterior margin broadly regularly convex.

Anterior

margin sinuous. Surface marked by irregular lines of growth, and occasionally by obsolete concentric undulations. Figures, natural size. Localiiy: Eattlesnakc Point, near

Humboldt

City,

POSIDONOMYA, P. STELLA, n.

Nevada

Territory.

Bronn. S.

PI. 6, Fig. 31.

Shell subcircular, convex, inequilateral; beaks prominent, Cardinal margin rounded in advance, straight and

anterior.

and uniting with the anal margin by Surface smooth, or marked by a few regular, concentric,

slightly sloping posteriorly,

a curve.

rounded

ribs.

Length,

.9

inch; width, .75 inch; depth of valve, .18 inch.

Localiiy: Star Canon,

Humboldt Mining Region.

P. Daytonensis, n. PI.

Shell

flattened, oblique

;

G,

s.

Fig. 32.

beak small, not prominent.

Cardinal

than the greatest length of the shell. Buccal excavated below the hinge-line, convex below, merging margin Anal margin convex below, nearly insensibly into the base. line straight, shorter

straight above,

and inclined inwards

face depressed,

marked on the

cast

to

meet the

hinge-line. Sur-

by a few faint concentric un-

TRIASSIO FOSSILS.

33

Length, .3 inch from anterior to posterior extremities. Width, .28 inch. Smaller and more oblique than the preceding species the central position of the beak and the straight hingedulations.

:

once to distinguish this

line will serve at

little shell.

"Width, .25 inch; length, .2 inch. Locality: El

Dorado Canon, Nevada Territory, near Dayton. Probably of the same age as the preceding

Collected by Prof. "Whitney.

MYOPHORIA, M. ALTA,

species.

Bronn.

11. 8,

PI. 6, Fig. 33.

Shell small,

inequilateral, higher than wide, abruptly trun-

cated posteriorly

;

anterior end and base broadly rounded

;

beaks

curved anteriorly; umbonal ridge acute, with a slight depression immediately in advance surface posterior central, approximate,

;

to this ridge abruptly descending to the posterior margin,

with a few radiating lines only by

anterior to

it,

the surface

is

marked

faint concentric lines.

Figure, twice natural

Dun

Locality:

A

;

and

size.

Glen, Sierra District,

Humboldt County, Nevada

Territory.

by Prof. Brewer, at Gifford's Ranch, Plumas County, has most of the characters of this species, and is about the size of the figure; but differs in having the beak more strongly curved forwards, and in single imperfect specimen, collected

the anterior margin being

more prominent.

These differences

may be the result of

the difference of age in the two specimens.

PECTEN,

Linn.

P. DEFORMIS, U. PI.

SnELL small, subequal

;

G,

S.

Fig. 34,

thin, compressed, inequilateral, base oblique, ends

sides sloping with a slight convexity

Surface

from the apex

:

marked by about

subequal, moderate in size. twenty-five irregular, rather large, radiating rfbs, a few of which

ears

PAL. VOL.

T.

—5

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

34 arise at

some distance from the beaks. These are crossed by very

tine concentric lines. Figure, nearly three times natural size. Locality:

A single specimen from

Gifford's

Ranch, Plumas County, California,

associated with Ammonites Ramsaueri, Monotis subcircularis, &c.

TEREBRATULA,

Lwyd, Auct.

T. HUMBOLDTENSIS, n. PI.

6,

Fig. 35, and 35

S.

a, b.

smooth, sides regularly curved; base lower valve, beaks prominent, incurved; base broadly truncated; with a broad, rounded sulcus upper valve rounded above,

Shell

oval, elongate,

;

slightly elevated in the middle, below. All of the specimens are so

Figures, natural size. true outline

is

almost entirely destroyed.

No two

much

distorted that their

specimens are of the same

shape, although the one figured appears to be nearly, if not quite, of the normal

form. Locality:

Abundant

Canon, Humboldt County, Nevada Territory.

in Star

Collected by Mr. Homfray.

RHYNCHONELLA, R. LINGULATA,

PL

Shell

G,

D'Orb.

11. S.

Fig. 36, and 36

a, b.

convex below, lower valve with three median ribs and three

plicate, ventricose, sides sloping above,

base subtruncated

;

base sulcate and prolonged into a long upper valve with four median tongue-like process, edge ribs, elevated above the general contour of the shell, and three

lateral ones

on each side

;

serrate

lateral

;

ones alternating with those of the opposite valve.

Figures, natural size. Locality:

With

the preceding species.

this shell is also distorted, yet it retains

Although normal form than the Terebratula described above.

much more completely

its

35

TRIASSIC FOSSILS.

R. 2EQUIPLICATA, PI. 6, Pig. 37,

11.

and 37

S.

a, b.

Shell subgloboso, convexity of the two valves

equal.

Beak

large, prominent, incurved, sides sloping convexly to the ends

of the hinge-line, beyond which they converge very gradually and

merge

Surface marked by commence on the upper

into the nearly straight basal margin.

fourteen nearly equal rounded ribs, which

valve at about one-third of the distance from the hinge, and on the lower valve at a point opposite to the hinge. The two lateral

on each side are oblique, and end abruptly anteriorly, but are flat posteriorly. Between the rest are regular rounded grooves

ribs

of about the same size as the ribs themselves.

The

four middle ribs extend a

little

No median

sinus.

further into the smooth part

of the surface, but differ in no other respect from the adjoining

No

ones.

surface markings have been detected.

Length, 1.1 inch. From

Width,

1.

Thickness, .85 inch.

inch.

the "Cinnabar District," in the range east of the

Collected by

Gorham

Humboldt Mountains.

Blake, Esq.

SPIRIFER, Sow. S.

HOMFRAYI,

11. 8.

PI. 6, Fig. 38.

Shell long, narrow, ends rounded, most prominent below the a broad, regularly concave, median hinge-line. Upper valve with sinus,

and

six curved, subangular ribs

with abroad

and

rib,

on each

side.

Lower

valve

sinus in the opposite valve, corresponding to the Area broad, shorter than the length of the

five lateral ones,

shell.

Beaks mutilated.

Figure, very slightly magnified. Locality:

A

single distorted specimen found

Humboldt County, Nevada ITumboldiensis

by Mr. Ilomfray

in Star

Canon,

Territory, near his mill, associated with Terebratula

and Rhynchoneila

lingulaia.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA. VOL.

I.

SECTION

III.

DESCRIPTION OF THE JURASSIC FOSSILS.

BY

F.

B.

MEEK.

(37)

CLASS BRACHIOPODA.

FAMILY RHYNCHONELLIDiE. Genus

RHYNCHONELLA,

Fischer, 1809.

Rhynchonella gnathophora, Meek. Plate

Shell of medium

8,

Fig.

1,

and

1 a, b, c, d, e,f.

subtrigonal or suborbieular, generally rather compressed, but sometimes gibbous in adult specimens size,

;

the greatest convexity being near the middle.

Posterodateral

margins straight and diverging from the beaks at an angle of from eighty to one hundred degrees. Dorsal valve usually more convex than the other, particularly towards the

front,

where

it

a low, rounded, mesial prominence, rarely traceable more than half-way back towards the incurved beak. Ventral

rises into

valve with a moderately deep mesial sinus, occupying about half its entire breadth at the frbntj but narrowing and becoming more

shallow as middle.

it

recedes, so as to die out near, or a

Beak

little

beyond, the

pointed, rather prominent, and moderately arched.

Surface of each valve ornamented by sixteen to twenty simple, rounded, or subangular, radiating plications; three to four of

which occupy the sinus of the ventral

valve,

and four

to five the

corresponding prominence of the dorsal valve. Length (of a rather narrow specimen), 0.80 inch; breadth of do., 0.72 inch;

convexity, 0.44 inch.

Length

(of

wide compressed (39)

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

40

example), 0.76 inch; "breadth, 0.83 inch; convexity, 0.36 inch. Convexity of a gibbous specimen, measuring 0.86 inch in breadth, 0.57.

None

of the specimens of this species in the collection are in a condition to

show the foramen, or of

They give a very

fine surface striae.

the other external characters, in which

all

it

clear idea, however,

appears not to vary greatly.

It

evidently allied, judging from Mr. Davidson's excellent figures and description, to a shell from the Inferior Oolite, referred by him with doubt to R. lacunosa, is

Schlotheim,

sp.

Schlotheim, or

I have not access to the figures of R. lacunosa, published

Von Buch

by

but on comparing our California species with those will be found that the latter represent a shell with more ;

given by Mr. Davidson, it angular plications, and a less pointed and more incurved beak. They also represent the flattened space on each side the beak of the ventral Valve, between the

umbonal angles and cardinal margin, more defined while the front, as seen ;

as

being wider, and the umbonal angles

in a side view,

is

much

less

obliquely trun-

cated. Still it is

by no means improbable our

of the forms referred to R. lacunosa

more

clearly the limits of that species,

less liable to err, in if

we were

to identify

It seems to be the

generally

shell

may prove

to be identical

with some

but until palaeontologists have determined

and agree in regard

to

which of the several

by some, is to retain the name, we shall probably be distinguishing the form under consideration by another name,

types, evidently included in

than

;

it

it

with Schlotheim's species.

most abundant species in the rock, and the specimens are

little distorted.

41

JURASSIC FOSSILS.

FAMILY TEREBftATIJLID,E. Genus

TEREBRATULA,

Miiller, 177G.

Tehebratula PI. 8, Fig. 2,

.

and 2

a, b.

Siiell subovate, gibbous, greatest convexity at or a little behind the middle front faintly sinuous on each side of the slightly ;

Ventral valve

truncated middle.

much more convex

than the

other posteriorly; forming a regular semi-ovate curve from near the beak to the front, where there is no mesial sinus, but some-

times an exceedingly faint longitudinal furrow on each side, corresponding to slight elevations in the other valve ; anterior mar-

produced, so as to till a shallow flattened recess in the edge of the other valve. Umbo gibbous, and rounding in on each side without defined lateral angles (point of the beak, in the

gin a

little

only undistorted specimen in the collection, broken away). Dorsal valve less gibbous, and much shorter than the other, owing to the prominence and convexity of the

umbo

of the latter; forming

a regular gentle arch from the beak to the front, where there is a low flattened mesial prominence, with a slight concavity on

each side of

Surface with moderately distinct concentric

it.

marks of growth. Length, about 1.45 inch

;

breadth, 1 inch

;

convexity, 0.85 inch.

This shell bears considerable general resemblance to some varieties of Sovverby; but

valis,

valve

much more It

side.

species,

form It

is

;

is

proportionally narrower, and has the

umbo

T. pi ni-

of the ventral

more prominent, as well as less angular on each however, in a genus like this, to pretend to identify a

gibbous, and

would be

idle,

from two or three mutilated and distorted specimens, with any known is it desirable, under such circumstances, to name it as a new species.

nor

more than probable, however,

of specimens can be examined.

pal. vol.

i.

—6

that

it

will

prove to be new when a good scries

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. FAMILY OSTKEIDJJ. Genus GRYPH^EA, Lamarck, 1801. GRYPHiEA

.

and

PI. 8, Fig. 4,

Shell

thin, rather

under medium

4 a.

size,

varying from subovate

Under valve moderately deep, generally more lobed on the anterior side beak not prominent, scarcely

to suborbieular.

or less

;

Upper valve flat, or slightly concave rising above the hinge. beak not truncated. Surface of both valves apparently with only ;

moderately distinct concentric marks of growth. Length, about 1.68 inch; breadth generally

less; convexity,

about 0.45 inch. The specimens of

this Gryphcea, in the collection, are too imperfect to

a sufficiently satisfactory comparison with not it

it is

seems

new.

So

far as

to present

known

species to determine

admit of

whether or

can be made out, from the imperfect specimens at hand, vesicularis; but is considerably smaller

somewhat the form of G.

than the average size of that species, and more narrowed towards the beaks. It also differs in having the beak of the upper valve not truncated, but angular and

curved a

little to

forms than to G.

the left side.

It seems to be

more nearly

allied to

some Jurassic

vesicularis.

(42)

JURASSIC FOSSILS.

43

FAMILY LIMIDiE. Genus LIMA, Bruguiere, 1792. Lima PI.

Shell

(left

in outline

?

slnuata, Meek.

7,

Fig.

4,

aild 4 a.

valve) broad, suborbicular; compressed

and rounded

behind; moderately convex anteriorly; basal margin

sinuous and distinctly gaping above, prominent and narrowly rounded below. Surface ornamented

rounded;

anterior side

by from ten to twelve distinct radiating costse, one-half third as wide (at the border) as the depressions between. to the beak,

simple, extending

and more or

less

to one-

Costse

roughened or

subnodose from the crossing of the concentric wrinkles of growth. (Ears and point of the beak unknown.) Diameter, from the hinge to the ventral margin, 3.10 inches; antero-posterior diameter, 3.35 inches; convexity

(left

valve only),

about 0.60 inch. The foregoing

description Was

remaining fragments of the finer

drawn Up from a

surface-markings or ears.

must remain doubtful.

curvature and attenuated character of the beak, of the curious Jurassic genus Trichifes.

The

the prismatic shell-structure of that genus, it

some

show tho

Indeed, until bettor specimens can be collected

for examination, its generic relations

would alone exclude

cast of a left valve, With

shell attached, hut not in a condition to

from that group.

if

it

presents

In the forward

much

the appearance

absence, however, of any traces of

not due to mctamorphic agencies,

In addition

to this,

it

presents uttques-

tionable evidences of having the anterior side distinctly gaping, as seen at^/, in

the profile, figure 4

a,

plate 7; while in Trichitcs the valves are said to be closed

found to present characters that will require for

all

around.

its

reception the establishment of a

1 suspect

it

will be

new genus.

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

44

Lima recticostata, Meek. PI. 7, Fig. 5.

The

only specimen of this

fossil in

the collection

the margin of the anterior side broken away.

I

is

was

might be the right valve of the last-described species parison,

&c,

it

was found

to

view It is

it,

it

it

but, on a more careful com-

to differ so materially in form, the straightness of its costa?,

as to lead to the conclusion that it

shell, unless

;

a cast of a right valve with at first inclined to think

belongs to

can scarcely be the right valve of that

an undescribed genus. Hence

it

has been thought better

provisionally, as a distinct species.

much

compressed, and presents a rhombic-oblong outline,

margin broken away the than the diameter from the hinge

as seen with a portion of the anterior

;

length being considerably less to the ventral margin. Its hinge-line is rather short, and ranges at right angles to the longer diameter of the shell. No remains of ears are visible, the posterior margin rounding apparently into the hinge-margin above.

The beak

is

located anteriorly, and

surface-ornamented by eleven simple, straight costre, which radiate backwards and downwards from the beak. The costse are rather

narrower than the depressions between, and the cast) a roughened, irregularly subnodulose ap-

prominent, a present (in

little

pearance, produced by concentric markings, which are also visible in the depressions between the ribs.

Lima ? cuneata, Meek. PI.

iSiiELh

(right

7,

Fig.

G,

and

a.

valve) obliquely subtrigoual, or in

the

central

suborbieular

;

and posterior

moderately convex, particularly regions, but cuneate anteriorly; posterior side obliquely truncated ? anterior margin concave in outline above, where it is truncated obliquely forward and downward, to near the prominent middle, from which point it rounds into the rounded base; posterior umbonal slope prominent, and very distinct from the flattened ear above, in consequence of the abrupt inflection

JURASSIC FOSSILS.

45

Beaks curving forward. (Hinge Surface ornamented with ahout twelve to

of the truncated posterior side.

and

ears

unknown.)

fourteen strong, simple, obtuse, radiating plications, which are rather wider than the furrows between, and all curve regularly

forward as they approach the beak; those on the anterior side descend from the beaks with an oblique forward curve. (Finer surface-markings unknown.) Diameter from the beaks to the most prominent part of the ventral margin, about 2 inches antero-posterior diameter, about ;

same

the

;

convexity (of right valve), 0.46 inch.

The only specimen

of this shell in the collection

point of the heak, both ears

Hence

broken away. it

to this

genus

;

and

require modification,

it is

when

costae,

it

a right valve, which has the

with considerable doubt that I have ventured to refer

it is quite-

peculiarities, supposing

and

(if

is

there Were two), and some of the posterior margin

probable the above description

entire specimens can be obtained.

to be a true

and the prominence of

its

may Its

be found to

most marki-d

Lima, are the forward curvature of posterior umbonal

its

beaks

slopes.

These characters, together with the strong radiating costa:, give the shell much the aspect of some types of Cardita, to which genus I should have been inclined to refer

it,

provisionally, were

it

not for the fact that

of a flattened ear behind the beak.

it

The specimen

shows unmistakable remains is

not in a condition to show

was evidently very flat, and separated from the the size prominent posterior umbonal slopes by an oblique sulcus, formed by the inflection of the truncated posterior side of the valves. The specimen gives no indications or form of

this ear;

but

it

of an anterior gap, or of a defined lunule.

In some

respects, this species resembles L. striata of Deshayes,

Goldfuss, from tho Muschelkalk ture of

its

posterior

If

we

beaks and

umbonal

costa?, as

slopes,

;

but

it

well as in

its

and L.

radiata,

from both in the anterior curva-

differs

cuneate anterior side, prominent

and flattened posterior

ear.

go back of the date of the binomial system of nomenclature established

by Linmeus, in carrying out the law of priority, Klein's name Radula would have to be adopted for the genus Lima; and the names of this and the foregoing species

would become Radula is

sinuata,

Radula cuneata, and Radula

recticostata.

Or,

if

it

considered desirable to separate such fossil species from the typical Liinas of

Sowerby's name Plagiostoma would have the names would be Plagiostoma sinuata, P. cuneata, and P.

more modern

some of our

date,

shells, as

elsewhere suggested,

may

constitute a

to be adopted,

and

recticostata; unless

new

genus.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

40

FAMILY PECTINIDJ!. Genus PECTEN,

Miiller, 1776,

Pecten acutiplicatus, Meek. PI. 8, Fig. 3;

The

only specimen of this species in the collection consists of an impression

of apparently a left valve, in the hard matrix. are imperfect,

it is

very

difficult to

Owing

to the fact that the ears

determine, beyond doubt, whether

it is

a left

or a right valve, though the slight obliquity of the plications, and the appearance of the remaining portions of the ears, indicate that

it is

the former

very slight convexity goes rather against this conclusion. terized as follows

It

may

;

while

its

be charac-

:

Subovate, compressed^ longer from the hinge to the ventral margin than the antero-posterior diameter; sides converging from near the middle to the beak3, at an angle of about 80° ;

ventral dnd ventro-lateral margins regularly rounded

;

ears

flat-

tenedj anterior? one with two or three small radiating costse,

and the posterior with one

marked with

fine stria? of

mented by fourteen

rib near the

growth.

hinge margin; both

Body

of the valve orna-

to fifteen regular, simple, sharply elevated,

angular, radiating plications, equalling in size the angular furrows between; crossing the whole are numerous very fine,

of growth, which are deflected so as to follow a zigzag direction, as they pass over the plications and across the depressions between.

crowded

strife

Diameter from the hinge

to the ventral margin, 2.50 inches;

antero-posterior diameter, 2.15 inches; convexity

(left

valve?),

0.35 inch. This species belongs beyond doubt to the genus Pecten, as usually understood by

most authors; but does not, however, belong

by Lamarck,

type of the genus.

which must be regarded as the of to no means which one of Prof. Agassiz's knowing Having

unpublished genera of Pectenidce

genus Pecten.

to that genus, as properly restricted

in 1799, to such types as P. jdcobceus,

it

belongs,

it is

placed here for the present in the

JURASSIC FOSSILS.

47

FAMILY PTERIIML Genus

INOCERAMUS,

Sowerby, 1814.

Inoceramus? obliquus, Meek. PI.

Shell small,

;

Fig.

(right valve)

2,

and 2

much

a.

compressed, obliquely sub-

beak attenuate, oblique and nearly or anterior side a little sinuous, and sloping back-

ovate, sub-mytiliform quite terminal

7,

;

wards above, sloping and a

convex in outline below

little

;

pos-

margin narrowly rounded; posterior margin nearly ascending forward so as to intersect the short hinge at

tero-basal straight,

Surface apparently nearly smooth, or with

a very obtuse angle.

slight tracings of concentric

Length from the point

markings,

to the beak, obliquely to the posterior

inferior margin, 1.14 inch; anteroposterior diameter, 0.68 inch;

convexity of

Knowing nothing valve,

it is

valve, 0.07 inch.

left

of the hinge of this little shell, nor of the nature of

with considerable doubt I have ventured to refer

the genus Inoceramus. Mijtiloides of

If

it

belongs to that group, it

Brongniart, unless the other valve

Inoceramus PI.

Shell

?

7,

is

would

provisionally to

fall

into the section

much more

gibbous.

rectangulus, Meek. Fig.

1,

and

1 a.

than wide, (right valve) oval-oblong, higher

pressed, anterior side

its left

it

straight,

and almost

much com-

vertically truncate

side above, rounding into the rounded base below; posterior the to hinge above; forming a broad semi-elliptic curve, rounding

hinge short, and ranging very nearly

at right angles to the trun-

cated anterior margin; beak placed directly over the anterior the hinge-line. Surface edge, not prominent, or projecting above with small, obscure, concentric wrinkles.

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

48

breadth, 0.07 inch;

Height, 1.17 inch; valve only), 0.13 inch.

convexity (of right

I am equally in doubt in regard to the generic relations of this species, having seen hut a single specimen, which gives no idea of the nature of the hinge, or of

the form of the opposite valve.

It differs

from the

last in

being

less oblique,

proportionally broader, and in having the beak less prominent, while

ranges more nearly at right angles to the longer axis of the

by

a greenish choritic substance,

showing no traces of the

shell.

It

is

its

hinge

replaced

shell structure.

FAMILY TBIGONIIDjE. Genus TRIGONIA, Bruguierc, 1789. Trigoxia pandicosta, Meek. PL

8,

Fig.

7.

Shell small, rhombic subqnadrate ? moderately convex; beaks prominent, oblique, and nearly terminal; anterior side very short, rounding obliquely backwards into the rather short, rounded base posterior side comparatively broad, compressed, and near;

ly vertically truncated.

Corselet wide, compressed, occupying

nearly half the surface of each valve, only tinct, regular

marked with

dis-

thread-like lines of growth, separated from the

by a linear ridge extending from the back part of each beak, with a gentle curve, obliquely backwards and downwards flanks

to the postero-basal

mented by the corselet,

margin.

Flanks and anterior side orna-

which extend from the margin of first obliquely backwards and downwards, after which

six to eight coshe,

they are deflected very abruptly forwards and upwards. Length, about 0.55 inch; height, about 0.37 inch; convexity, 0.35 inch. Of

specimen in the collection, and it is hard matrix, that it is not possible to

this little Trigonia there is but a single

so firmly

embedded

in the exceedingly

JURASSIC FOSSILS. determine very exactly characters.

Its costse

outline, or as clearly as

its

seem

mens might show them

some of

desirable

its

other

is

possible that better speci-

to be faintly nodose or crenate.

It seems not to be very

any species with which I

closely allied to

is

to be without nodes, but it

49

am

acquainted.

There are in the collection fragments of apparently two other species of this One of these is considerably larger than that described, and has the costaa

genus.

distinctly nodose.

They

are,

however, not angularly deflected, but curved gra-

dually forward.

FAMILY MYTILIM. Genus MYTILUS,

Linnaeus, 1758.

Mytilus multistmatus, Meek. PI. 7, Fig.

7,

and

7 a.

Shell narrow, subovate, arcuate, moderately convex; the greatest convexity near the middle, or between it and the beaks ;

antero-ventral margin sloping backwards from tbe beaks, and a little

arched

postero-basal extremity rather narrowly rounded

;

;

dorsal margin moderately arcuate, and passing rather gradually into the sloping posterior border. less

Beaks curved a

obtusely pointed, and not compressed.

regular radiating

little,

more or

Surface with fine

striae.

Length from beaks

to postero-basal margin, 1.23 inch; greatest

diameter at right angles to the same (below the middle), 0.55 inch

;

convexity, 0.36 inch. This species bears some resemblance to Mytilus pectinatua of Sowerby, from the clay but is less convex, and has less prominent anterior umbonal

Kimmeridge slopes, while

;

its

radiating

more pointed, and

pal. vol.

I.

its

—

7

striae

do not divaricate.

postero-basal margin

is

Its

beaks also appear to be

more rounded.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

50

FAMILY CEASSATELLIDJ3. Genus

ASTARTE,

Sowerby, 1816.

Astarte ventricosa, Meek. PL

Shell of medium

8,

Fig.

5,

and 5

size, suborbicular,

a.

gibbous; basal aud

lateral

margins rounded beaks moderately prominent, subcentral, or a little in advance of the middle, obtuse and rather tumid lunule ;

;

apparently rather large. Surface ornamented with regular, distinct, concentric ridges, about equalling the furrows between.

Length and height about

1 inch; convexity near 0.55 inch.

It is with some hesitation this species is placed in the genus Astarte, since the specimens do not show the muscular or pallial impressions, nor very satisfactorily the nature of the hinge while it is a more gibbous shell than is common in that ;

genus.

One

of the specimens, however, shows an imperfect impression of the

hinge of a right valve, which, so far as can be determined, seems to be like that of Astarte.

There are several more or

less

analogous European Jurassic species

;

but none

of tbem appear to be more closely allied to our shell than A. elegans of Sowerby,

which

is less

convex, and differs in outline.

Our

shell also differs in

having more

convex beaks.

FAMILY Genus

LUCINEXffi.

UNICARDIUM,

D'Obigny, 1852.

Unicardium ? gibbosum, Meek. PI. 8, Fig. 8,

Shell

and 8

a.

thin, rhombic-suborbicular, very gibbous; length

what greater than the height the middle

;

;

greatest convexity a

little

some-

above

beaks nearly central, rather prominent and gibbous

;

JURASSIC FOSSILS. anterior side

51

somewhat narrowly rounded; dorsal

side sloping

and concave in front of the beaks, declining with a slightly convex outline posteriorly from the beaks to the middle of the anal margin, which is subangular; postero-basal margin truncated obliquely forward and downward to a point a little behind the

middle of the base; ventral margin rounding down from the front, and extending backwards with a slight descent to its intersection with the obliquely truncated postero-basal margin, at

which point there is a slight angularity of outline. Each valve provided with an obscure posterior umbonal ridge, which descends with a gentle curve from behind the beak to the postero-basal Surface with moderately distinct, irregular, concentric angle. striae.

inch. Length, 1.62 inch; height, 1*45 inch; convexity, 1.10

As we know nothing shell, its

of the hinge, or muscular and pallial impressions of this

generic relations cannot be determined

however, and general appearance, D'Orbigny's genus Unicardium.

umbonal

iidges,

beyond doubt. From

we have been Its

led to refer

it

most marked characters are

and truncated postero-basal margins.

its

thinness,

provisionally to its

posterior

"We are not acquainted

with any closely allied species.

FAMILY ANATINIM. Genus

MYACITES

(Schlot.),

Munster, 1840.

Myacites depressus, Meek. PI. 8, Fig. 6,

and G

a.

Shell rather small, depressed, narrow-subeliiptic, moderately flanks obliquely backwards gibbous in the middle) and along the and downwards from the umboncs; antero-ventral region.

slightly

compressed in the

Extremities very narrowly rounded,

—the

most prominent part of the anterior being below the middle, and

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

52

of the posterior above

it;

anterior side nearly or quite closed,

and

Beaks depressed, approximate,

the posterior a little gaping. cated a little nearer the middle than the anterior margin.

lo-

Dorsal

outline declining obliquely in front of the beaks, nearly straight

and horizontal behind them, where the margin is inflected so as Base presenting an irregular, semito form a narrow false area. elliptic outline, being rather more prominent behind the middle than in front, where

mented with

it is

even slightly sinuous.

Surface orna-

small, rather irregular, concentric costse or ridges,

which diminish in

size to

mere

lines

on the umbones.

Length, about 1.26 inch; height, 0.56 inch; convexity, 0.45 inch. This species

is

perhaps most nearly allied to a shell described from the Lower

by Minister, in Goldf. Petref. Germ, ii, p. 257, under the name Luiraria and subsequently included by Prof. Agassiz in his genus Pleuromya Etud. Crit. sur les Mol., tab. 24). It differs, however, from all the forms of

Oolite

tenuistriata,

(see

that rather variable species of

more ties

which

have seen figures or specimens, in being its height, and in having its extremibeaks are less prominent and placed farther

I

depressed, or longer in proportion to

more narrowly rounded while ;

its

That these differences are certainly not due to accidental distortion is evident from the condition of the specimens. Should the name Pleuromya I e subback.

stituted for Myacites, this shell should be called

typical Pleuromya.

Pleuromya depressa, since

it is

a

CLASS CEPHALOPODA

FAMILY BELEMNITIDiE. Genus BELEMNITES, Auct * Belemnites PI. 8, Fig. 9,

A few fragments of

.

and

9 a.

this fossil in the collection are sufficiently -well preserved

no doubts in regard to its belonging to the genus Belemnites, though they present no reliable characters for specific identification. One of the specimens shows longitudinal and transverse sections of the anterior portion, with the conical to leave

cavity for the reception of the phragmocone

filled

with the same hard material as

the matrix in which the fossil

is

embedded.

which

it

has been subjected, the substance of the guard

metamorphic action retains

to

original fibrous structure.

its

The

sections across the anterior cavity for

the reception of the phragmocone show that

genus

Belcrnnitella,

* It

it

wants the characteristic

and hence must be a true Belemnile,

as that

name

is

slit

of the

generally

Occurs associated with Rhynchonella ynathophora.

applied.

clature

Although somewhat altered by the

is

probable that a

may compel

strict

compliance with the established laws of nomen-

us to restrict the

name

Belemnites to the group D'Orbigny

proposed to call Belemnitella, since Lamarck seems to have been the first regular binomial author who used it in a binomial sense; and his only example (Syst. An. 1801, 104) was his B. paxillosus (B. mucronata, Schlot.), the type of BclcmnitrUa. D'Orbigny. If so, some one of the several names proposed by Montfort would have to be taken for the group to Which authors most generally apply the name

Belemnites.

(63)

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA. VOL.

I.

SECTION

IV.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

BY

W. M.

GABB.

(55)

CRUSTACEA. CALLIANASSA,

Leach.

C. Stimpsonii, n.

PL

Hand

9,

Fig.

s.

1, a, b, c.

subquadrate, flattened, equally convex on both sides, Upper and lower edges acute the lower one

slightly twisted.

;

Fixed finger (from cast) nearly as long as the hand, not toothed, very slightly curved on its inner edge. Movable crenulatc.

Surface irregularly and minutely wrinkled, and marked along the Upper edge by a row of about seven foramina, surrounded by a raised lip looking forwards, and over the linger

unknown.

by a number of pustules, which are placed on the upper half

rest of the surface

and most The lected

closely

figures are of natural

sifce.

hy Mr. Esmond. Fig.

c,

Fig. b represents a

largest

hand from Chico Creek,

col-

another hand, found hy myself at Clayton, Contra

Costa County, in the sandstone ahove the coal.

Fig.

a,

three segments of the

abdomen, very imperfect, found in the same mass as the preceding specimen. Also found near Canada de las Uvas. From both divisions of the California Cretaceous.

Compared with

C.

Danai, H. and M., from Nebraska, the hand of this species

are two proportionally shorter, broader, and apparently less robust. There as in the far and as Cretaceous, south, Mississippi; species found'in New Jersey, is

but, as well as I can

remember, the hands are

in both cases

narrower than in the

I placed specimens of both the above in the hands of my friend, present one. Dr. Stimpson, for description and take pleasure in dedicating the present species ;

to

him.

tal. vol.

i.

—8

(

57

)

CEPHALOPODA. Cuv.

BELEMNITES, B. IMPRESSUS, PI.

9,

Fig.

2,

U.

and

2

S.

a.

Shell elongated, robust, subcylindrieal, tapering convexly wards the point

for

about a fourth of

its

to-

length upper portion Alveolus about half the length of the expanded, extending shaft the cavity being divided by plates placed at short distances On one side is a well-marked groove extending from the 'apart. ;

thin.

;

tip to

near the top of the shaft

widening out above,

;

becoming nearly linear below and

until it loses itself in the general swell of

the surface.

From

north fork of Cottonwood Creek, southwest of Horsetown, Shasta County collected by Messrs. Brewer and Reinond.

;

One fragment of an alveolus was discovered by myself at Mount Diablo in the gray limestone, associated with Ammonites Ittmondii and Inoccramus Piochii. This It is only found is, I believe, the most southern locality of the species yet known. in the older division of the Cretaceous (Div. A.).

Figures, natural size.

The

section

is

taken from the point marked

a,

large figure.

(58)

on the

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

NAUTILUS, N".

(N. Texanus,

Shumard.

Breyn., Auct.

Texanus PI.

9,

59

Fig.

?

SlIUM.

3, a, b.

Trans. Acad, of Sciences St. Louis, 18G0, p. 590.)

Whorls increasing rapidly

Siiell subglobose.

in size.

Body

whorl, sides convex, narrowing towards the dorsum, widest about a third of the distance from the ventral to the dorsal side back ;

and somewhat rapidly from the widest Dart towards the umbilicus. Umbilicus small, apparently rounded, sides sloping convexly

not covered.

Surface

marked by

a

number

of undulations, which

near the umbilicus, pass straight to the middle of the whorl, whence they arch gracefully backwards, crossing the dorarise at or

sum, where they are most strongly marked. tral,

a

little

nearest the dorsal side.

Siphon nearly cen-

Septa gently undulated; width of

and, at their widest part, placed about one-fourth the the whorl apart. Figures, two-thirds of the natural, size.

Three specimens were obtained at Alderson's Gulch, Shasta County and one in Mr. Pioche's collection the last was found by Mr. ;

from near Mount Diablo,

;

Clayton. (Div. A.)

The specimens from which Dr. Shumard described fect.

am

his species

were

all

imper-

I refer the present form provisionally to the Texas species, with which I

unacquainted, since

it

seems to agree very closely with Dr. Shumard's descrip-

tion.

ATURIA,

Bronn.

Megasiphonia, D'Orb.

A. Mathewsoxii, PL

n.

s.

17, Fig. 31.

Shell subglobose, whorls increasing rapidly enveloping; sides sloping regularly towards the

in

size,

deeply

dorsum, some-

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

60 what

flattened

;

dorsum regularly rounded, narrower than umbilicus small, closed

preceding species sloping inwards for but a short distance. ;

septa on the

;

in the

surface of the shell

Distance between the

dorsum equals about half the distance between the

umbilicus and the dorsum.

Septa arching gently outwards and forwards for about half their length in a regular curve,

which becomes more abrupt, and,

suddenly bending backwards, forms a long tongue or lobe, the sides of which are nearly straight; from this lobe the septal margin proceeds directly to the dorsum in nearly a straight

smooth, or marked only by fine radiating

lines,

line.

Siphon

Surface large.

Figure, natural size, from a Martinez specimen. Localities:

Martinez and Clayton (Div. A.), and Canada de

las

Uvas

(Div. B.).

Four specimens of this species have been found, of which two were collected by Mr. Mathewson. A very young, but perfectly characterized specimen, was found by myself at Alizos Creek, near Canada de las TJvas and, more recently, I was ;

fortunate enough to procure a nearly perfect specimen, sixteen and a half inches in diameter, at Clayton, Contra Costa County.

tunately too section.

3

b,

much weathered on one

A perfect

except that

it

shell

All of the specimens are unfor-

or the other side to give a good transverse

would probably present nearly the same outline

as Fig.

would be narrower on the dorsum and more regularly rounded.

AMMONITES,

Brug.

A. subtricarinatus, D'Orb. PI. 10, Fig. 4,

(A. subtricarinatus, D' Orbigny

.

and 4

a.

Prodrome; Vol.

2, p.

212,

Etage

22.

(A. tricarinatus, D'Orb. (not Poidez), Pal. Fr., p. 307, PI. 91, Fig.

Shell discoidal

;

whorls

many (number unknown)

No.

9.}

1, 2.)

slightly em-

bracing.

Section of whorls subquadrate, narrowest towards the

dorsum,

Sides

marked by a few

large ribs,

which

rise at the

margin of the umbilicus, sometimes by means of a small, flattened tubercle, pass obliquely forwards and outwards, and terminate in a large distinct tubercle.

Dorsum marked by three prominent angular

ridges, the middle

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

61

one being the highest; between these ridges are broad, concave, shallow grooves.

Septum composed of a. dorsal, two lateral and a ventral lobe. The dorsal saddle at its top is broader than the dorsal lobe, and

The superior lateral lobe is deeply divided in the middle, largest. Lateral saddle about as wide as the superior lateral lobe, is

and

is

not bifurcated.

Further

details

unknown.

Figures, natural size.

Presented to the Geological Survey by a gentleman at Battle Creek,

Tehama

County, and said to have come from that vicinity. This shell is of the style of A. Leonensis, Con., but can be distinguished by the proportionately narrower whorls and the presence of three well-marked ridges on the dorsum, instead of the single one of that species.

It

one of the handsomest

is

species in the State.

A. Newberryanus. PI. 10, Figs. 5, 6,

(A. Newberryamis,

and

a,

Meek.

b; also.

PL

27, Fig. 190, a, b,

Trans. Albany Institute, vol.

c.

4, p. 47.)

The specimens represented by Figures 5, a, b, and c. correspond in the main with the form described by Mr. Meek from Vancouver Island, under the above The

name.

principal points of difference are in the ribs not being so definite aa

described by Meek, and in the absence of the umbilical row of nodes.

a careful comparison of these specimens with one nearly seven inches in

By

diameter, obtained by myself on Vancouver Island in the

fall

of 1863, I find no

differences, except such as can be fully accounted for by the difference in age. This specimen, much larger than the one originally described, also shows some

other characters.

It

is

figured on PI. 27, Fig. 190,

transversely, the umbilical margin

very

much

smaller, being barely

is

a, b, c.

rounded, and the

more than

The whorls

are thicker

costse are, proportionally,

a quarter as wide as the interspaces.

Another peculiar character, not heretofore mentioned, is a minute pustular roughening of the external surface, producing an appearance not unlike that caused by the spine tubercles of some pf the Spatangldae. small, scattered,

The

periodical constrictions

the California specimens, and placed.

On

the large

These pustules are

somewhat roughened. mentioned by Mr. Meek are not visible on

and the surface between them

when they do

is

all

Vancouver Island specimen they are entirely wanting. Fig. G b, is from a specimen but little over an inch

Figures, natural size.

of

occur, are not always regularly

in

diameter. Localities:

Comax ("Koomooks"

of Meek), Vancouver Island; north fork of

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

62

Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County; Martinez and Clayton, and south of Mount Some fragments from Vancouver Island, in the Diablo, Contra Costa County. collection of the California

Academy

of Natural Sciences, indicate individuals

of a foot in diameter.

A. Brewerii, PL

Shell

discoidal.

n.

s.

10, Fig. 7.

Whorls four

or live, sides slightly arched,

curving inwards towards the umbilicus, on the margin of which angulated and abruptly truncated. Dorsum rounded. Surface marked by numerous rounded or

it is

subangular flexuous

ribs,

which

arise in the umbilicus, passing

angle of the umbilical margin, keeping nearly the same direction, then curving so as to cross obliquely forwards, cross the

the middle of the whorl transversely; after which they again curve forwards, usually becoming obsolete on the dorsum, although, in one specimen I have seen, they retain their size

completely across the

shell.

Septum unknown. The

figure

is

two-thirds of the natural size.

The specimen before me,

collected

by Mr. Brewer, is six and a half inches in diameter. Locality: North fork of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County (Div. A.). specimens are all fragmentary casts in a sandstone, and are so distorted render

impossible to ascertain the shape of a section of a whorl

it

show the amount of enveloping of the whorls. The character of the ribs indicates that this Marcou;

From

also to A. Pcruvianus,

the

first

two,

it

Yon

species

Buch, and remotely

is

ribs

or even to

related to A. Belknapii,

to A.Jiaccidicosta,

Boemer.

can be distinguished by the dorsum being distinctty rounded

and not carinate; from the curved

;

The as to

latter, by the more numerous and more and the abrupt umbilical margin.

A. Haydexii, PL

Shell compressed

10, Fig. 8,

discoidal.

n.

and 8

distinctly

s.

a, b.

Whorls about

four, or

more,

deeply embracing, flattened on the sides, nearly flat on the dorsum, abruptly truncated in the umbilicus. Surface smooth, or

marked by very

faint undulations.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

63

Septum: Dorsal lobe small, not more than a third

as long as divided for half its the superior lateral; length into two bifurcated branches with a small spur above on each side. Dorsal

saddle broad, oblique, divided into two unequal branches, each

of which

again subdivided.

is

Superior lateral lobe broader

than the dorsal saddle, one large branch at the end with

five

alternating spurs; on the dorsal side of this there

is a very large several smaller the with branch branchlets; oblique corresponding branch on the ventral side is much smaller, and has but three

terminal spurs. dorsal,

Lateral saddle very oblique, smaller than the

and divided

into

three

bifurcate

branches.

Inferior

narrower than the superior lateral, with a terminal branch, and two large and two small alternating spurs on each side. The first supplementary lobe is not more than half the lateral lobe

size of the

The

preceding one.

rest,

two more, decrease regu-

larly in size. Figaros 8 and 8

a,

are two-thirds of the natural size.

North fork of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County. (Div. A., Named after Dr. F. V. Hayden, to whom we arc indebted for so large a proportion of our knowledge of the geology of Nebraska and the neighboring TerriLocality:

tories.

A. Peruvianas, De BuchV Fl.

The fragment

figured

is

UK Fig.

9.

referred with doubt to this species.

It

is

the only speci-

men yet found, and was collected at Tuscan Springs, Tehama County, by Dr. J. A. Veatch. The ribs have almost exactly the character of those of the specimen figured

by Marcou, Geol. of N. America,

PI. 5, Fig. 1 a.

A. Traskii,

n.

s.

PI. 11, Fig. 10; PI. 12, Fig. 11.

more, embracing about oneUmbilicus broad and back. half; rounded on the sides and the of diameter shell, Bides abrupt, deep, about a third of the

Shell robust.

Whorls

six or

but uniting with the surface by a regular curve.

Surface

marked

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

64

by numerous rounded dichotomous ribs, which arise in the umbilicus, and after crossing the margin, divide into from three to five

branches, which cross the sides straight to the dorsum;

crossing

arched slightly forwards.

it,

arises at the umbilical

Occasionally a single rib

margin, and crosses the back without

branching.

Dorsal lobe large, divided for half its length into two complex branches with a small tongue between them; above these branches are two large and one small side branch. (On the dia-

Septum

:

gram, Fig,

11, the terminal

branch

is

represented broader than

to the original being somewhat weathered at that saddle occupying half the width of the septum, Dorsal point.) deeply divided into four branches, one of which is simply notched at the end; two of the others are divided into three, and. the

owing

usual,

remaining one into four smaller branches. Superior lateral lobe long and slender, divided above the middle into one long and one shorter oblique branch; the long branch is nearly straight, terminates in a long single tooth, and has four or five spurs; the short one is on the dorsal side of the lobe, terminates in two

and has two spurs on each these branches are two spurs on the

points,

above the origin of dorsal, and one on the venside;

Lateral saddle about as wide as the superior lateral

tral side.

lobe, divided into three branches at the end.

Inferior lateral

two-thirds the length of the preceding one, with four

lobe,

branches on each side and a terminal one. dles are simply dentate,

Two

additional sad-

and the two lobes have merely four

alternating branches; Figure 10

From by Dr.

is

of the natural

sizie.

the collection of the California

J. B. Trask.

.

Academy

Locality: Arbuckle's Diggings, Shasta County.

This species nally, it

is

is

its

septum.

Exter-

likely to be confounded with one of the varieties of the Protean species,

A. liemondii, of this section.

bilical

(Div. A.)

well marked, especially by the character of

From Cottonwood

from those of Fig.

margin.

10,

Creek, I have seen specimens of

same septum as Fig. 14 a, but with ribs, only in being more narrow and isolated at the um-

that species, having identically the differing

of Natural Sciences, presented

.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

65

A. RAMOSUS. PI. 11, Fig. 12,

(A. ramosus,

Only two

Meek.

and 12 a;

PI. 12, Fig. 12

Trans. Albany Inst., Vol.

imperfect specimens of this species were found.

b.

4, p.

45.)

They came from

the

lower division of the California Cretaceous, at Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

Mr. Meek, to whom I sent a sketch, says that it "agrees with A. ramosus, except m some details of the septa, which are probably not specific."

A. HoFFMANNII, PI. 11, Fig. 13,

Shell robust

;

whorls

and 13 a;

five or

11.

S.

PI. 12, Fig. 13

more, enveloping about one-half,

abrupt, but rounded on the umbilical edge,

on the

Surface

shallow.

shell,

somewhat

flattened

Umbilicus nearly half the

rounded on the dorsum.

side,

diameter of the

b.

marked by

slightly

and by an indefinite number of constrictions. There are nine of these on the last volution of the specimen figured, sinuous

ribs,

while on another there are but six in

the'

same

space.

length into two a short branch on and the outer side a each with branches, long and with one long branch above on each side. Dorsal saddle

Septum

Dorsal lobe divided nearly half

:

its

;

twice as wide as the lobe; deeply bifurcate, each branch divided

Superior lateral lobe longer than tin dorsal, with three spurs at the end and one above, on each side. Lateral saddle of the same pattern as the dorsal, but smaller. into

two double

1

spurs.

Inferior lateral lobe like the superior lateral, but not

Three supplementary

half as large.

more than

lobes, nearly plain,

and with

their saddles bifurcate. Figure, two-thirds of natural

size.

One fragment before me must have

be-

longed to an individual of at least ten inches in diameter. Locality: Horsetown, Shasta County. (Div. A.)

The septum but while

very

distinct.

umbilicus is

is

of this species

differs in

it

some

is

very

much

like that of A. X< ichcrryanus, Fig. G;

trifling details, the external

A. Newbei-ryanus

is

a very

much

forms of the shells are

flatter shell, at all ages,

always small, compared with the width of the

nearly half of the largest diameter.

pal. vol.

i.

—9

shell,

and the

while in this

it

PALEONTOLOGY

66

OF CALIFORNIA.

A. Remondii, PI. 12, Fig. 14, 14 a,

Shell robust,

n.

and Fig.

Whorls

diseoidal.

about one-third to two-fifths.

s.

15.

six or

seven; enveloping Umbilicus about a third of the

whole diameter, rather deep, sides rounded. Sides of the whorls somewhat flattened; dorsum broadly rounded. Surface exceedingly variable. One form (Fig. 14) is orna-

mented by a few large, straight, or slightly sinuous ribs, which arise in or on the margin of the umbilicus, and pass over the sides

and completely cross the dorsum.

Between these are

inter-

polated ribs, arising about the middle of the side, and crossing the dorsum like the others.

A second form

has

ribs,

not more than half the width of the

preceding, sometimes dichotomous, and with several series of nodes on the sides.

Another variety is almost identical externally with A. Traskii, Fig. 10, being ornamented by a series of ribs, which arise on the margin of the umbilicus, and afterwards divide into from two to five branches,

which cross the dorsum.

The

septa are, how-

markedly constant. Dorsal lobe broad above, narrower below, a well-marked tongue between the branches, two spurs on ever,

the outer side of each branch, and three above these.

Dorsal

saddle occupying a third of the septum, deep, and divided into

two large and two smaller branches. Superior lateral lobe nearly as wide as the dorsal, terminated by a trifurcate branch, with four spurs above on the dorsal side and two on the ventral.

Lateral saddle deeply divided into two parts, each of which Inferior lateral lobe very small, terminating in

subdivided.

dentate spurs,

and with two on the dorsal

supplementary lobes

side.

Two

is

two

very small

beyond these are merely dentate; the saddles

being equally simple. Fig. 14

of which

is is

Localif)/

:

of

the.

natural size.

Fig. 15

is

a part of a specimen, the outer whorl

fifteen inches in diameter.

North fork of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County (Div. A.).

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

07

I should have hesitated in considering all of these forms as one species, had I not had a large series for study. In every case the septum is the same, and there are many specimens showing intermediate characters between those men-

specially

tioned above.

A. Batesii. PI. 13, Fig. 16,

{A. Batesii, Trask.

Shell

discoidal.

in contact for

and 16

a, b.

Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1855, vol.

Whorls eight or

i,

p. 40.)

nine, not enveloping, merely

about a third of the transverse width

section nearly sinuous on the ventral circular, slightly side; sometimes the dorso-ventral diameter being greatest; at others, especially in old Surface marked V>y shells, the transverse diameter is longest.

numerous

fine, rather sharp, elevated ribs,

;

crossing from the in-

terior of the umbilicus obliquely forwards over the

some specimens the

interspaces are

marked by

dorsum.

fine

In

revolving

In others these lines are absent.

lines.

Septum composed of a

dorsal lobe and three on the side.

Dor-

deeply divided, each branch bearing two lateral ones; above the origin of these are two others. Dorsal saddle divided sal lobe

into

two bifurcate branches.

Superior lateral lobe a third larger branch divided into

than the dorsal, bifurcate at the end, each

two smaller, and these again divided; above the

origin of the

Supelarge branches are a large and a small spur on eaeli side of lobe the Lateral same like the dorsal. rior lateral saddle patInferior Lateral tern as the superior lateral, but a third smaller. and a little less minutely saddle like the others, but smaller

divided.

Inferior lateral lobe simply divided into three or four

dentate spurs. One broken specimen, showing none of inches in diameter; and, when perfect, must

Figure, natural size of the specimen. the body chamber, measures fifteen have been at least twenty-two inches

inches.

this

specimen the end of the

five

This measurement

increasing

In

and a half inches in height and seven and a half in transverse The width of the umbilicus, measured from the sutures, is seven

whorl measures diameter.

across.

more rapidly

is

not in proportion with the figure given; the whorls

in size as the shell

becomes larger.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

G8 Locality:

The specimen

figured, one of Dr. Trask's original specimens,

is

from

Arbueklc's Diggings, Shasta County. This species has been found abundantly on the north fork of Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County, and the large specimen mentioned above

and

is

from Bald

at Curry's, south of

of the older

Hills, in the

Mount Diablo.

same county. It

is

It

is

also

found at Benicia

one of the most characteristic species

bed* in this State.

A. Chicoensis. PI. 13, Fig. 17,

(A. Chicoensis, Trask.

Shell

and 17

Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.

discoidal, flattened.

about two-thirds.

Sides nearly

a, b.

Sci., 1856, vol.

i,

p. 85,

PL

2,

series of

1.)

"Whorls five or more, enveloping flat,

slightly

convex in the middle,

truncated abruptly on the dorsal and umbilical margins.

marked by a

Fig.

dichotomous

ribs,

Sides

which originate on the

margin of the umbilicus, usually from a series of flattened nodes, branch on or a little beyond the middle of the side, and terminate, margin of the dorsum in another row of similar nodes. There are also on the ribs usually from one to four tubercles, dis-

at the

tributed regularly along their length.

middle.

One small specimen shows

Dorsum

the usual form, septum and

dorsal carina, but the ribs and nodes on the sides

of the dorsum

carinate in the

and on the angle

are absent.

Septum composed of

a dorsal and three very unequal lateral

Dorsal lobe small, confined entirely to the flat dorsum, divided by a shallow, rounded sinus, each branch terminating in three or four teeth, two small spurs above. Dorsal saddle broad,

lobes.

Superior lateral lobe terminating in a tridenLateral saddle tate branch, with two large oblique spurs above. divided into four rounded branches. Inferior lateral lobe with oblique, bifurcate.

six small spurs.

spurs,

One supplementary lobe with two small terminal

and on the umbilical aspect of the whorl

is

a single tongue-

like process.

The young form of

this species resembles closely the corre-

sponding stage of A. Delawarensis, Morton, but in adult specimens of that species the whorls become very thick, the ribs decrease in

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

09

number and carry large tubercles, and the difference tum is sufficiently marked to distinguish them. Chico Creek, collected by Dr. Trask

Localities:

twelve miles north of Oroville, Butte County

County

and

;

I

Pence's and Kelly's Eanchos,

;

Siskiyou Mountains, Siskiyou

;

have found a single specimen on the Itancho de San Luis Gonzaga,

Pacheco'.s Pass,

Merced County (Div. A.).

A. COMPLEXUS (A

of the sep-

complexes, H. and

M.

Trans.

?

Amer. Acad, of Arts and

Sciences, 2d series,

vol. 5, p. 394, PI. 4, Fig. 1.)

A specimen in

the collection of the California

from the debris of the Cretaceous

at

The external shape agrees with the specimen as well as does the septum, as far as I

Academy

of Natural Sciences,

Folsom, probably belongs

to this species.

figured in the plate quoted above,

have been able

to trace

it.

It differs,

how-

having distant, well-marked ribs, which arch forwards and cross the dorsum. There are fourteen of these on half a whorl, of a specimen originally about five inches in diameter. The ribs are most prominent on the latero-dorsal portion ever, in

of the whorl, being nearly obsolete on the back

the point

above

itself.

I can only refer

it

doubt-

though I trust that 1 shall hereafter be, able to settle more particularly on account of the valuable link in the chain of evi-

fully to the ;

species,

dence of the parallelism of the California Cretaceous with known beds on the

A variety of this species has been

eastern side of the continent.

Meek from Vancouver

Island, under the

?

name

A. Cooperii,

PI. 14, Fig. 23,

I propose this

which

for a

11. S.

and 23

a.

Cephalopod from near San Diego, of

have only seen fragments, very much compressed. The ornamented by two rows of nodes (on the side ?) with

I

surface

name

described by Mr.

of A. complexus, var. Suciaensis.

is

extending across, some passing through one, some through two of the nodes; while others originate in one and end in anribs

other.

By

the peculiar arrangement of the ribs, there are about

a third more on the middle of the fragment than on the margins. Septum: The fragment exhibits two lobes and one and a half saddles.

The small

(dorsal

side of the

?)

lobe on the diagram

is

upper row of tubercles.

placed on the upper

Both lobes are of

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

70 the

same

and consequently

pattern, differing only in size,

plexity of their minuter details.

They

being divided into two or three spurs

com-

in

are bifurcate, each branch

;

above these branches are

two spurs on each side, all being finely dentate. divided for more than half its length, each branch

Saddle deeply bifurcate. This

septum approaches that of Ammonites

differs in

.Batcsii,

but

many

the smaller lobe being towards the dorsal margin, and apparently occupying the place of the superior lateral, is a

of

its details

;

The ornaments of the

well-marked character.

surface are also

very peculiar.

The

Ammonites may

reference of this shell to the genus

bably prove to

be incorrect.

which

Two

pro-

or three specimens were col-

whorls having been found it may prove to be a Hclicoceras, or even Hamites. It is of particular interest from the fact that it is one of the oldest lected, the best of

is

figured.

JSTo

in contact,

fossils

found in the southern part of the State, being considerably

below the newer Cretaceous Locality

opposite

From

:

La

fossils

of San Diego.

a shaft sunk in search of coal on the west side of Point

W. Morse

Playa, San Diego, and presented by Mr. E.

Loma,

to the Geolo-

gical Survey.

HAMITES, II.

Vancouverensis, PL

Shell

Parkinson.

n.

s.

13, Fig. 18.

large, section elliptical, longest diameter

ventral side.

Inner width of the curve

less

from dorsal to

than the diameter of

marked by numerous sharp ribs crossing inclined the shell, obliquely forwards; well marked, but diminished the smaller arm. Surface

in size

on the ventral

side; largest laterally; each rib carrying a

small flattened tubercle on the latero-dorsal angle some ribs in the curve, on the ventral side, exhibit a tendency to tubercula;

tion, but, the shell

being broken off at that point, their presence

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

71

Interspaces between the ribs

cannot be certainly determined. broadly concave.

Septum unknown. Figure, one-half natural Locality:

size.

"Vancouver Island,"

associated with Ammonites Kewberryanus

another Ammonite, species undetermined 28

a,

and

;

and a Baculite, figured on

pi. 6, fig. 28, b.

Closely allied, in form and ornamentation, to

America,

and

pi. 9, fig.

II.

Fremontii, Marcou, Geol.

N.

It differs in the rihs continuing completely across

p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 3.

the ventral face, and in each rih carrying a node, instead of every third rib, as in

Marcou' s

species.

HELICOCERAS, ?

II.

VERMICULARIS,

PI. 13, Fig. 19,

Shell

D'Orb.

small, subcompresscd.

and 19

n.

S.

a, b.

Curve broad,

Section elliptical.

Surface marked by numerous small rounded ribs, reguregular. lar in size, and extending completely around the shell, being slightly oblique

and

less distinct

on the ventral

side.

Septum composed of a dorsal, ventral, and on each side two lateral lobes. Dorsal lobe divided into two bifurcate branches, with three rounded spurs above. Dorsal saddle wider than the lobe, bifurcate, each branch being divided into two. Superior lateral lobe about as long but wider than the dorsal; the pattern is

the same.

same

Lateral saddle shorter than the dorsal, and of the

pattern.

Inferior lateral lobe two-thirds as large as the

superior lateral, and into

more

simple.

Ventral saddle small, divided

two unequal bifurcate branches.

as the preceding; trifid

Ventral lobe half as long at the extremity, and with two or three

teeth above on the sides. Figure, twice natural

size.

This species has only been found at one Martiiiez, in Contra Costa County, to //. Mortonii, Hall

and Meek,

ser., vol. 5, p. 396, pi. 4, fig. 3,

in the

namely, on a

lower division.

It

hill

southwest of

appears to be allied

Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, 2d differs in being much smaller, having jiropor-

sp.,

but

locality,

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

72

tionately smaller ribs, no nodes, and in details of the septum.

It

is

not rare at

the locality mentioned above, but has never been reported from elsewhere. the smallest Cephalopod in the Cretaceous formation of California, so far as

It is is

yet

known.

II.

BllEWERII,

PI. 14, Fig. 22,

Shell

and

11. S.

22, a, b.

small, whorls slightly compressed.

Surface

marked by

small oblique ribs, encircling the whorls, faintest on the ventral side. At intervals of every four or five ribs there occurs a much larger one, faint on the ventral surface, but prominent on the sides

and back.

These

ribs bear a small tubercle

on each side of

the dorsum.

Septum unequal on the upper and lower

side.

Dorsal lobe

larger than the others, rather slender, bifurcate; each branch with

a lateral spur externally and two smaller ones above.

Dorsal

saddles nearly equal, bilobate at the extremities.

Superior lateral lobes shorter than the dorsal. The one on the lower side is broad, with the sides nearly parallel; the other is of the same shape as the dorsal, except that the terminal

than the other.

branch on the dorsal side

Lateral saddles of the

the upper one being broadest.

same pattern

longer

as the dorsal,

Inferior lateral lobes of the

pattern as the dorsal, the lower one being largest. dles very small, equal

is

and simply notched.

same

Ventral sad-

Ventral lobe not as

large as one of the branches of the dorsal; trifid at the extremity,

and with one small tooth above on each

Length of the fragment,

side.

.85 inch.

This species is founded on a single specimen, found by Prof. Brewer at Pence's Ranch, twelve miles north of Oroville, Butte County, associated with Amnonites Chicoensis, A. Remondii, and many other species of Division A.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

II.

PL I propose this

name

about three-fifths

DECLIVE, n.

28, Pig. 200,

73

S.

and 200

a.

for a

fragment of a small species, forming of a whorl from the non-septate portion of the

shell. It is sinistral; the umbilicus is about equal in diameter to the greatest width of the largest portion of the whorl the whorls ;

appear to be nearly their

own width

apart.

mented by numerous uniform, oblique

The

ribs,

the ventral side, prominent on the dorsum.

surface

is

orna-

nearly obsolete on Section

elliptical.

Figures, natural size. Locality

:

Pence's Ranch, Butto County (Div. A.).

This shell resembles, in size and general appearance, H. Brewerii, supra, but differs in

being more oblique, in the greatest diameter of the whorl being verticil,

instead of transverse, and in the absence of the occasional large ribs.

TURRILITES, Lam. T. (sp. indet.) PI.

2xt[ w,m.

WM

Gabb deit ,

i

.

i

m

,

!

§unm) I

Triassic

T Sinclair's

o\

k£.ulU\mu;u flHE

I

bilyPhil?'

Ok.

stone

"by

J

4k

Golz

PLATE

V.

PAGE

Ceratites HAidingerii.

Fitr. 8.

10.

id.

20.

Ammonites Billingsianus.

22

20

hi.

'20 a.

Section of body whorl.

Myacites Humboldtensis.

22.

Panopjea

23.

(?)

28

Kemondii.

28

24.

Corbula Blakei.

29

27.

Avicttla muckonata.

30

28.

28

?

Halobia dubia.

30

id.

a.

Inside of a fragment of a valve, the largest specimen collected; of one of the most perfect specimens 6, part of the surface ;

c,

30.

magnified view of the

ribs.

Rhynchopterus obesus.

32

niUnucul

Smwp

rf

duUlunmt, '

Tr.iassic

(

I

ar, D v

!

ry

r

r

r I

i

i

r r

,-

~.

r

JL !/(' h no n f

io

:n„

22

21J

30fl

On Stone

by

PLATE

VI. PAGE

Fig. 25.

Mttilus Homfkayi.

29

26.

Avicula Homfkayi.

29

29.

Monotis subcircularis.

31

29

a.

id.

Magnified view of the surface.

31.

32.

posidonomya stella.

32

Daytonensis.

32

33.

Myophoria alta.

33

34.

Pecten deform is.

33

35.

Terebratila Humboldtensis.

34

36.

Khynchonella lingvlata.

34

37.

iEQUIPLK'ATA.

35

38.

Spirifer Homfkayi.

36

IWI

I,

(Triassic)

13

©o

i::i
, delt.

T Sinclair's

toli^TM*

On.

Stone

oy

.1

Golz

PLATE

VII. PACE

rig.

Inoceramus? rectangulus.

i

47

A'iew of right valve. 1 a.

Section of same, to show

its

Inoceramus? obliquus.

Fig. 2

View 2

Fig.

8.

Fig.

4.

a.

Section of same, to show

An

Fig.

its

convexity.

Lima ? sinuata. a.

of a

left

43

valve, with the front of the beak broken away.

Anterior profile view of the same, to show gaping margin.

its

convexity, and

Lima? recticostata.

5.

View

Fig.

47

of right valve.

undetermined bivalve.

View 4

convexity.

Lima ? cuneata.

6.

View

44

of rio-ht valve.

44

of right valve, with beak and portions of the

margin broken away. Fig.

7.

Mytilus multistriatus. View

7 a.

Magnified surface

striae

of right valve.

of same.

49

(biVuiiucul I'M, .I'll

)>'['

I)

l,(>r, y ,v(

>

[,, [,

%wmm

o!

CL

an uivmu

.

Jurassic.

J.Young-.sc.

PLATE

VIII. PAGE

Fig.

Rhvkchonella gnathopiiora.

1.

39

Dorsal view.

Ventral view of same. Anterior view of same. Profile of same.

1 a. 1

Fig.

b.

1

c.

1

(/.

1

e.

1

/.

Dorsal view of a wider, more compressed specimen. Front view of same.

Front view of a gibbous specimen.

Terebratvla

2.

~

Fig.

2

a.

2

I).

a

Pecten acutiplicatus.

3.

A

46

mould or impression left in the matrix, by apparently The shell is not entirely dissolved out, a left valve. but

Fig.

41

1

Dorsal view of same, with beak broken. Profile of same.

fills

the portions of the mould.

Gryph^a

4.

View

42

?

of the under side of the lower valve of a small

specimen. 4

a.

View

of the upper side of an upper valve, as seen in the matrix, showing also a little of the beak of the lower valve.

Fig.

5

ASTARTE VENTRICOSA.

a.

An

ideal section of the entire shell, to

a.

its

convexity.

of

left

valve, broken a

51

little in front.

Dorsal view of same.

Tkiuonia pandicosta.

7.

View

of a right valve

may Fig.

show

Myacites depressus.

View

Fig.

50

of left valve, being from a plaster cast, taken from a mould left in the matrix.

6.

6

margin of both valves imperfect.

left

5.

View

Fig.

The

imbedded

48

matrix (outline

not be exactly correct).

Unicarbium

8.

in the

?

gibbonum.

50

Posterior view. 8

Fig.

a.

View

Belemxites

9.

A 9

of right valve.

a.

A

—

'.'

longitudinal section of the upper extremity, showing the alveolar cavity filled with the stony matrix.

transverse section of the same at the extremity of the cavity.

53

)

'

Ed

-

..;!,!

KB

• i

>

I.

co

lhu nil

§nmen (

l

l

I

[.

a

(LnU Wivnu\ :

oi

Jurassic

I.AI'K 8

i

c

[

,/

/

,

«ogk

PLATE

IX. PAGE

Fig.

Callianassa Stimpsonii.

1.

Natural

Three segments of the abdomen, from Clayton. fragmentary hand from Chico Creek. Part of a hand, from the same specimen as Fig.

a.

A

b. c.

Fig.

Belemnites impressus.

2.

Natural 2

Fig.

57

size.

a.

A

2.

Nautilus Texanus ?f

a.

Hide view.

b.

Front view.

Natural

58

size.

section across the middle of Fig.

3.

a.

size.

?

59

a; hqatt^'f.tdts"':;' era

(

Creta.ceqjas

a'

mm, r.li^EE ®.

)

^"-, "->*

I

I

llair's

Mh

On stone

"by

A.J IbHotson

PLATE

X. PACK

Pig.

Ammonites subtkicarinatus.

4.

Natural

End view

4 a.

Fig.

of the fragment.

A. Newberryanus.

5.

Natural

Fig.

Natural

Fig.

size.

6 a.

Front view.

6

Septum.

size.

8,

8

Natural

§

8

Fig.

9.

b.

01

Cottonwood Creek

62

size.

A. Haydenii.

a.

61

Diablo.

A. Breaverii.

7.

|

Fig.

Mount

A. Newberkyanus.

6.

/*.

60

size.

Natural

62

size.

Septum. A.

Peruvianus Nnturnl size

?

68

i < : I

'

I. I,.

:

'

I

I

• i

r^..V"

^*

fl^

!

.itfi.-iryu.it. 'Pi ..Airng

IS J

!/

,

6*

(la

T

Sinclair':

i©

\

PLATE XL PAGE

Ammonites Traskii.

Fig. 10.

Natural

A. ramosus.

Fig. 12.

Slightly diminished in 12

(7.

A. Hoffmannii. % a.

65 size.

Section of a volution.

Fig. 13.

13

63

size.

Section of volution.

Natural

size.

65

O.ruluiiu-it! .Su.ruey vA IWIuKf >N'['[>U>/;v,\

W.M. Gabt.de:

!•!

.1,

'llt.lt

IKLiATlE

(Cretaceous)

On stone

~by

M

A J.Ibtotson.

PLATE

XII. PAOK

Septum of Ammonites Traskii.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12

Septum of A. ramosus.

h.

The Fig. 13

Fig. 14.

h.

63

65

dorsal lobe was obliterated by weathering.

Septum

of A.

Hoffmannii.

A. Remondh.

65

66

Coarsely eostate variety. Fig. 15.

A. Remondii.

Nodose

variety.

66

C l\\lu-KI

iXTiH.Dr.V^'l

)[,,

I

r

>cuUhucul §uvua)

.

(

gi&Q \-

§

7P-

x)\

cTttUIuruui

©Cetaceous)

l'lu\'!'K

V

;

'

*

'

,.•

..

..,-^

f-

4

;'

'..

tf 14

>"!'(

'1,1

M'.V.Vi

M.I.

Surucu

uf

XuUrunu.u

'

1

1

pel ace< '

i-^

i'l,.\Ti-'

1

-I'M

xS.

IB

' ~

O ~v

/^~ ?:. a

"W

^^B W.M

Gafcrj.del

T Sinclair's

lith.PhiL*

1

^'v*' ue by A J Jbbotson

PLATE

XVI. PAGE

Fig. 26.

Crioceras percostatus. h

Natural

size.

77

CuMiliH^cul .Surtnn) pf iwiui'.f

WM

»"i'M,m-,

&ato> del

1

-

r.v

i

'I

i

(

(

't-uL.-l.-p'

I Sinclair's

iitli

.1

is)

^uUfuvum, tt^atk m;

On suxie by

Ibt

i

PLATE

XVII. PAGE

Section from Crioceras percostatus.

Fig. 26 a.

Bactjlites Chicoensis.

Fig. 27. a.

Natural

size.

77

80

Section.

Fig. 28.

Bactjlites, Sp. indet.

Fig. 31.

Attjria Mathewsonii.

Natural

size.

Natural

size.

81

69

(^.cuiiniu-ul r.\i,.Kr>.\"n

WM

Gab

1

§uvuou

d ^ alt.ri.ivnt.a

'

i

, ,

75KL

1

.

(

T

i

pel

ri

M is)

Sinclair's ":ithPhila

FiLATE a?

On 3tone by

A

J IVbotson

PLATE

XVIII.

i

PAGE

Typhis antiqutts.

Fig. 81.

Magnified.

.

82

Fig. 32.

Fusus Martinez.

Natural

size.

82

Fig. 33.

F.

Mathewsonii.

Natural

size.

83

Avbrillii.

Magnified.

Fig. 34. Pig.

F.

F. Diaboli.

3-3.

Fig. 3G.

F. (Heinifusus)

83

84

Magnified.

Kemondii.

Natural

size.

87

Magnified view of surface.

Neptunea

Fig. 37.

curvirostris.

N. ponderosa.

Fig. 38L

Natural

Fig. 39_

N. perforata.

Fig. 40.

N. supraplicata.

Fig. 41.

N. Hofemannii.

N. gracilis.

Fig. 42.

Fig. 44.

Tritonium Diegoensis.

Pugnellus hamulus.

Nassa cretacea.

Fig. 50.

N. ANTiyuATA.

51. n.

size.

90 95

92

Magnified.

Young.

Fig. 49L

Fiit

90

Magnified.

T. (Drillia) varicostata.

Fig. 48.

90

size.

Natural

Turris Claytonensis.

Fig. 47.

89

Magnified.

Perissolax brevirostris.

4

1-K>
>"!'[)i,

I

miv.niL,

i

\'i

i

•-..,.,

l,

Sunmi (( '['.'I rll'(>l)l

pf

^uUlunmt PIiA'IVK 1§"i'< Ki.t.'tn

i

.

[,

,

[

,

Cretaceous.

im,.\tn 28

ni9,(

W. M.G-abb.del^

J.Young.sc.

PLATE XXIX. PAliK

Ltjnatia Hornii.

Fig. 217.

Fig. 219.

?

L. (Gyrodes)

Natural

Conradiana.

Neverita

a.

Fig. 221, 221

a.

Cinulia pinguis.

Id.

Magnified view of surface.

Fig. 221

b.

Fig. 222

a.

Fig. 222

Id.

Fig. 224

Under

Conus Hornii. C.

Fig. 227.

Fig. 230

a.

Fig. 230

b.

Natural

Pugnellus manubriattjs.

a.

Aporrhais Californica. Id.

Young.

122

size.

123

size.

Fig. 232, 232

«.

Fig. 233, 233

a,

Fig. 234, 234

a.

b.

a.

128

size.

129

Natural

Varieties.

Helcion circularis.

C. parilis.

Magnified.

Natural

Natural

size.

size.

Anatina Tryoniana.

Fig. 241.

A. ine(juilateralis.

Natural Natural

136 137 141

140 147

149

150

Magnified.

Fig. 240.

size.

Magnified.

Slightly magnified.

Corbula Hornii.

Fig. 238.

Natural

123 125

size.

Magnified.

Siliqua Oregonensis.

237.

Natural

Crypta (Spirocrypta) pileum.

Bulla Hornii.

r Fig. 23, >.

Fig. 239, 239

exilis.

Galerus excentricus. 233

Magnified.

Magnified.

A

Fig. 231.

Fit;-.

Natural

sinuatus.

11!)

Magnified.

Rostellaria (Rimella) canalifera.

Fig. 229, 229

117

Magnified.

surface.

•

Fig. 228.

115

Magnified.

Margaritella globosa.

Fig. 225. Fig. 226.

112

Magnified.

Architectonica Hornii.

a.

Id.

112

'

Cylindrites brevis.

b.

108

size.

Magnified view of surface.

Fig. 223. Fig. 224, 224

107

size.

Magnified.

Kingicula varia.

b.

Natural

Natural

secta.

Fig. 220, 220

10G

size.

size.

150

size.

151

K\l,.K(K'Ti

i

M

(61riq1l.03-1.fn

"IV.

VIQ1L.J..

I

^unicii (

hi

!retaceous.

11

nhtnvniu I'l,.Vl'B29.

224 h

W

M.Gabb.dul

1

J Ycnnig.sc.

PLATE XXX. PAGE

Pholadomya

Fig. 124.

Natural

nastjta.

Tellina (Sanguinolaria?) Whitneyi.

Fig. 242.

T. partlis.

Fig. 243.

T. Hornii.

Fig. 244.

T.

Fig. 245.

Natural

Californica.

V. tetrahedra.

Fig. 247.

Fig. 249.

Tapes qtjadrata.

?

Fig. 250.

Meretrix arata.

Fig. 251.

M. ovalis.

Fig. 252.

Dosinta elevata.

Fig. 253.

D. pertenuis.

Fig. 255.

?

Fig. 256.

162 163

Natural

163

Natural

Fig. 258.

A. Mathewsonii.

Mytilus

ascia.

Natural

A. gravida.

Fig. 236

Anthonya a.

Id.

Hinge.

167

size.

177

179

Natural

Natural

size.

179

size.

size.

Natural Natural

183 size.

184

size.

186

Magnified.

Natural

Leda transluctda.

Fig. 236.

167

size.

Natural

Skptifer dichotomtjs.

Fig. 269.

166

178

Fig. 261.

Fig. 264.

166

size.

Magnified.

Modiola Siskiyouensis.

Arca Hornii.

169

size.

Magnified.

Fig. 260.

Fig. 263.

size.

size.

Natural

Astarte Tuscana.

size.

Magnified.

Natural

Mysia polita.

160

size.

Natural

Natural

Fig. 257.

Fig. 259.

160

161

Lucina tretacea. ?

160

size.

Magnified.

Meretrix Uvasana.

Fig. 248.

Natural

Magnified.

Venus lenticularis.

Fig. 246.

152

size.

cultriformis.

I!i4

size.

194 *

Magnified.

Natural

size.

199

182

ohn]k-ul §.u ,

(Cl-..:

W

M. Gabb, del 1

i

cuh

;

\

T

,.-,

Sinclair'.-

Mi.

PM4

On stone by

J

Golz

PLATE XXXI. PAGE

Trigonia Gibboniana.

Tig. 262.

Aeca

Fig. 265.

265

a.

Cttculljea Mathewsonii.

Axin^ea

Fig. 267.

(?

a.

Id.

Surface.

a.

Id.

Surface.

Fig. 271.

Lima appressa.

Fig. 272.

Ostrea malleiformis.

273

Exogyra parasitica.

274

Id.

Upper

a.

Id.

Surface magnified.

Fig. 275.

?

Indet.

Natural

size.

size.

Natural

Natural

197

198

Magnified.

Natural

195

size,

size.

lower valve.

201

203 204

205

valve.

a.

Fig. 274.

size.

Magnified.

Pecten Californicus.

Fig. 270.

Fig. 273.

195

size.

Natural

Limopsis) sagittata.

A. cor.

Fig. 268.

268

Natural

190

size.

Opposite side, exhibiting the truncation.

Id.

Fig. 266.

267

dectjrtata.

Natural

Astroccenia petrosa.

Natural

size.

208

209

VkxAw^&d Smr^jff rf ^iltfonmt PAiii^oi^nriffiiridDG

W.M.&abt

ds]>

v

' .

\

i

.

i

,

.

i

,

(i

T

l-M.AT'K

i-t'Lacpoua)

.Sinclair's hfl\.,Phil&

On.

stone

tjAJ

SJJl

IVbotson

PLATE XXXII. PAGE

Fictts mamillattjs.

Fig. 276.

Natural

Natica Uvasana.

Fig. 277.

2]-2

Magnified.

Fig. 278.

Scalaria Mathewsonii.

Fig. 270.

Turritella infra-grantjlata.

Natural

Fig. 280.

Solen Diegoensis.

size.

Chione

Fig. 281.

T.

Fig. 283.

?

angtjlata.

cretacea.

Natural

Cardita veneriformis.

Fig. 285. a.

Barbatia Morsel

Fig. 287.

Toldia nasuta.

Placunanomia inornata.

Fig. 288. a.

212

size.

213 *-

1G9

size.

214

size.

Natural

213

214

size.

215

Magnified.

Surface magnified.

Fig. 286.

288

Natural

212

size.

Magnified.

Crassatella Uvasana.

Fig. 284.

Natural

Natural

Tapes Conradiana.

Fig. 282.

285

?

211

size.

Id.

Lower

valve.

Natural

Natural Natural

216

size.

216

size.

size.

Upper

valve.

217

l\\i,.i',f >>-'!'

i

'

>i,m;

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