Fragmentary decrees from the Athenian agora (Hesperia Supplement 38)

Hesperia

Supplement 38

DECREES FRAGMENTARY AGORA FROM THE ATHENIAN

Michael

The American 2008

B. Walbank

School ofClassical

Studies atAthens

Copyright? 2008

The American

School of Studies atAthens, Princeton, New Jersey

Classical

All

rights reserved.

Cover

illustration: Fragment of an honorific decree, Agora

4th-3rd

of Congress

Library Walbank,

Michael

Fragmentary ? cm. p. Includes

B,

Agora

from

(Hesperia

the Athenian

references

Greece)

938'.5?dc22

/Michael

B. Walbank.

and

indexes.

(alk. paper) 2. Inscriptions,

Greek?Greece?Athens.

I. Title.

(Greece)?Antiquities. DF287.A23W35

agora 38)

supplement;

bibliographical

(Athens,

Data

Cataloging-in-Publication

1933

decrees

ISBN 978-0-87661-538-6 1.

I 5771,

B.C.

century

2008 2008029996

3. Athens

To thememory of Benjamin

Dean

Meritt

1899-1989 and

Homer

Armstrong

Thompson

1906-2000

ingratitude and affection

PREFACE

AND

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am deeply grateful to the lateHomer A. Thompson, Director Emeritus of theAgora Excavations, and to the late Benjamin D. Meritt, who first me for am assigned these fragments to study and publication. I grateful, too, to JohnMcK. Camp II, the current Field Director of theAgora Excava

tions, and toT. Leslie Shear Jr., the former Field Director, for granting me permission towork at theAgora over the past several years. I thank also Charalambos Kritzas, the formerDirector of the Epigraphic Museum in Athens, for permission granted to me in 2001 and 2002 to study docu

ments held in that collection. I am especially grateful to the late David M. Lewis, and to Geoffrey Woodhead and Stephen Lambert. Others who have helped me with their comments and suggestions on specific problems arising from thiswork are Sean Byrne, John Camp, Alan Henry, Angelos Matthaiou, Graham Oliver, Michael Osborne, Ronald Stroud, Stephen Tracy, and John Traill. All photographs are courtesy of theAgora Excavations; my thanks to Craig Mauzy. At the urging of the anonymous referees to whom this work was submitted, I have kept speculation and restoration to a minimum. I thank them for their comments and advice. Five fragmentswhose editionesprincipes appear herewere also published by Stephen V. Tracy in 2003.1 l.AAM,

pp. 38, 45-46,

no. 1 (63,

fragmentb)\pp. 38, 46-48, no. 2 (50);

pp. 68-69,

no. 2 (75); pp. 90-93,

no. 3

(67); and pp. 104-107, no. 1 (39).

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations xi List of Editorial

1

Texts

The

References

Symbols xv

99 101

Concordance Indexes

Names

ofMen

andWomen 103

Kings, Emperors, and Their Families The Athenian Phylai 104

Demes

and Other

Buildings

104

Social Groups 104 inAthens and Attica

and Locations

Peoples and Places beyond Attica The Athenian Months 105

105

105 Gods, Heroes, and Festivals and Formulaic Phrases Themes Significant 106 Publications Cited

106

105

ILLUSTRATIONS

1.

Fragment of a decree, possibly a proxeny decree (1)

2.

Fragment of the treaty of alliance between theAthenians the Kephallenians (2) 3

3.

Fragment of a list of names (appended

4.

Fragment of the agreement between Athens

5.

Fragments of the agreement between Athens

to a decree?)

inArkadia? (5) 8

2 and

5

(3)

and Troizen?

(4)

5

and Stymphalos

6.

Fragment of a decree (possibly a proxeny decree)

7.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree, and part of a law (7) concerning theMysteries of the Eleusinian Goddesses

8.

Fragments from the conclusion of a decree (8)

9.

Fragment of a decree (9)

(6)

9

11

13

13

10.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (10)

11.

Fragment of a decree (11)

12.

Fragment from the conclusion of an honorific decree (12)

13.

Fragment of a decree (13)

14.

an honorific decree for Fragment of Phyleus ofOinoe

15.

Fragment of a law concerning religious reforms (15)

16.

Fragment of a decree (16)

17.

Fragment of an honorific decree? (17)

18.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (18)

19.

Fragment from the conclusion of an honorific decree (19)

20.

Fragment of a decree (20)

22

21.

Fragment of a decree (21)

23

14

15 15

16 (14)

17

18

19 20 21 22

XII

ILLUSTRATIONS

22.

Fragment of a decree concerning epheboi (22)

23.

Fragments of a decree perhaps concerning epheboi? (23)

24.

Fragment of a decree (24)

25.

Fragment of a proxeny decree for Sostratos ofHerakleia

26.

Fragments of a decree conferring citizenship? (26)

27.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship (27)

28.

Fragment of a decree (28)

29.

Fragments of a decree (29)

30.

Fragment of a decree concerning the repair of the fortification walls ofAthens (30) 33

31.

Fragment of a decree in honor of a citizen ofHerakleia?

32.

Fragment of a decree concerning sacrifice and thanksgiving for the successful campaign ofDemetrios Poliorketes (32)

35

33.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship upon Neaios

35

34.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship (34)

35.

Fragment of an honorific decree (35)

36.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (36)

37.

Fragment of an honorific decree (37)

38.

a Fragment of decree (38)

40

39.

Fragment of a decree (39)

41

40.

Fragment of a decree (40)

41

41.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship upon certain Prienians (41) 42

42.

Fragment from the conclusion of an honorific decree (42)

43.

Fragment of an honorific decree (43)

44.

Fragment of a decree honoring the councillors from 45 Pandionis (44)

45.

Fragment of a proxeny decree (45)

46.

Fragment of a decree (46)

47

47.

Fragment of a decree (47)

48

48.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship (48)

49.

a Fragment of decree (49)

50.

Fragment of an honorific decree (50)

50

51.

Fragment of an honorific decree (51)

51

24 26

27 (25)

27

29 29

30 31

(31)

(33)

33

36

37 38

39

44

46

49

49

42

ILLUSTRATIONS

XIII

52.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (52)

53.

a Fragment of decree conferring citizenship

54.

an honorific decree (54) Fragment of

55.

Fragment of a decree (55)

56.

Fragment of a proxeny decree (56)

57.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship

58.

Fragment of a decree (58)

59.

Fragment of an honorific decree (59)

60.

Fragment of a decree (reaffirming a grant of citizenship?)

61.

an honorific decree (61) Fragment of

62.

Fragment of a decree (reaffirming a grant of citizenship?)

63.

a Fragments of decree (of the Phyle Antigonis?)

64.

Fragment of a decree (64)

65.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree, followed by a list of names ofmembers of the Phyle Leontis (65) 64

66.

Fragment of a decree (66)

67.

Fragment of a decree honoring the sitonai of 275/4 (67)

68.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree honoring taxiarchoi of 275/4 (68) 66

69.

Fragment of a decree (69)

67

70.

Fragment of a decree (70)

68

71.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (71)

72.

Fragment of an honorific decree (72)

73.

Fragment of a decree (73)

70

74.

Fragment of a decree (74)

71

75.

Fragment of an honorific decree (75)

76.

Fragment of a decree (76)

77.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (77)

78.

Fragment of a decree (78)

75

79.

Fragment of a decree (79)

75

80.

Fragment of a decree (reaffirming a grant of citizenship?)

81.

Fragment of a decree (of a deme?)

82.

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree conferring citizenship (82) 79

51

(53)

52

(57)

56

53

54 55

56 57 (60)

57

(62)

59

58

(63)

61

63

65 65

the

69

70

72

73

(81)

74

77

(80)

76

XIV

ILLUSTRATIONS

83.

a Fragment of decree (83)

84.

Fragment of a decree granting enktesis (84)

85.

Fragment of a decree (85)

86.

Fragment of a decree (concerning an embassy?) (86)

87.

Fragment of a decree (87)

82

88.

Fragment of a decree (88)

84

89.

Fragment of a decree (89)

84

90.

Fragment of a decree conferring citizenship (90)

91.

Fragment of a decree (91)

92.

Fragment from the conclusion of a prytany decree, followed by a list of names of councillors (92) 89

93.

a Fragment from the conclusion of decree (93)

94.

Fragment of a decree (94)

90

95.

Fragment of a decree (95)

91

96.

Fragment of a decree (96)

92

97.

Fragment of an honorific decree (97)

98.

a a Fragment of decree (reaffirming grant of citizenship?)

99.

Fragment of a decree (99)

100.

Fragment of a decree (100)

80 80

81 81

85

87

95 96

89

93 (98)

94

EDITORIAL

SYMBOLS

editorial symbols applied to these inscriptions follow those in Sterling Dows Conventions inEditing: A SuggestedReformulation oftheLeiden System (Durham 1969), with one exception. The

[] < > ( ) { } T [....]

restoration editorial correction resolution of abbreviation editorial deletion ambiguous Greek letter lacuna of approximately four letters

[-]

lacuna of unknown number of letters

[ ]

correction by inscriber

Unlike Dow, The +

I use underlining to indicate the text of a new fragment.

following designation

is also used:

The original publication has been supplemented by a new frag ment or there is a significant new reading or interpretation

The

Texts

I here present the editiones principes of 108 fragments of inscriptions, comprising parts of 100 decrees of the Athenian body politic (and sub divisions of it), including some dealing with councillors and their of

ficers (the subject oi Agora XV), and some of those listing and honoring the young men (epheboi) who had completed their higher education and are found proxeny decrees, honorifics, and military training.Among these of grants citizenship. Their appearance here is the result of my systematic attempt to

identify and publish all the remaining unpublished inscription fragments deriving from excavations carried out in the Athenian Agora between 1931 and 1967. Not included is a large number of unpublished fragments of a decree or decrees concerned with the celebration of the Eleutheria Festival in the mid-2nd century b.c., which I shall publish separately in due course, both because the nature of the monuments from which they

derive is, as yet, unclear, and because their inclusion here would severely unbalance this study. The present work is intended to serve as a supplement toA. G. Wood head, Agora XVI, Inscriptions: The Decrees (Princeton 1977), as well as to B. D. Meritt andj. S.TmillyAgoraXV, Inscriptions: The Athenian Councillors (Princeton 1974), but it includes also two examples of ephebic decrees, a category not included in eitherAgora XV orAgora XVI. This volume follows the same arrangement as Agora XVI, inwhich entries are arranged chronologically, by definite ormost likely dates, without separation into different categories. The date range is from the beginning of the 4th century to the end of the 2nd century b.c. Each fragment is de scribed by inventory number, marble type, and the date and place of its discovery,with reference to the standard grid of theAgora Excavations, if known. The physical condition, dimensions, letter height(s), and spacing on each fragment follow. All dimensions are given inmeters. After the basic Greek text, inwhich restorations are not attempted un

less they form parts of accepted formulas, there is a line-by-line epigraphical commentary, inwhich individual letters are described, where necessary, and similarities to other, published inscriptions are noted, followed by a

THE

2

TEXTS

limited textual commentary, inwhich possible restorations are sometimes discussed, but speculation is avoided. Finally, the significance of each frag ment is indicated, ifany can be discerned, aswell as possible links to other a published decrees. Each fragment is accompanied by photograph. a proxeny decree Fig. 1 a Fragment of decree, possibly I 6397. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on June 2, 1951, east of the East Building (P 14), in a Byzantine context. It is broken all around and on the back. 1

H. 0.114, W. vert. 0.0185.

0.098, Th.

0.073; L.H.

B.C. Beginning of 4th century

0.01-0.012;

stoich. hor. 0.019,

Stoich.

[-.] [--.M-]

[.]HNIT[.-]

-

[]NAIO[.S

-]

[.]PriA[-] [.]ETA[.-]

[-----]

Line 1:These lettersare so faint as to be almost invisible,but, in a strong oblique light, the bottom of a central vertical and the horizontal and the lower parts of the diagonals of alpha are visible. Line 4:The firstiota isvery deeply cut; a gamma was firstinscribedhere.To the rightof the second iota, a deep triangularnotchmay be the apex of an alpha. Line 5:The apex of alpha ispreserved.

The

hand

is distinctive

and

inconsistent.

Note

the occasional

Figure

1. Fragment

of a decree,

siblya proxenydecree (1)

pos

"double-striking";

theway inwhich verticals seem to lean back; the ratherwide alpha with sloping bar; gammawhose horizontal slopes slightlydown; epsilonwhose lowerhorizontals are longerthan theupper one; inconsistencyin theplacing of iota;variations in the a shape of nu; omicron a rounded polygonmade from seriesof short straightlines; than the lowest one; and the is and flatter whose topmost diagonal longer sigma tau to With the exception of down the in horizontal of which the way right. slopes

gamma and sigma, thefeaturesof the scriptnoted here, including its inconsistency, can be found also inIGII213 a, and especially inIG IP 13b.1The letterheight and thehorizontal,but not thevertical, spacing are the same.Thus, this isunlikely tobe yet another fragmentof IG IP 13+, but could derive froma copy of thatdecree. Line 4: [toc,Axcuoc, toc,AlUiflyio^cJ? See IGII213a, Line 5: [npo^evoq koci ?\)epy]exa[(;]?

2

lines 3 and 8.

Fragment of the treaty of alliance between the Fig. 2 Athenians and the Kephallenians

a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on fragment of March 29,1938, northeast of the Church of theHypapanti (T 21), in the wall of a bothros. Part of the left side may be preserved below the surface, worn. Otherwise, it is broken all around. The back has been though badly I 5368. A

reworked, and is now flat,with a pattern of regular pockmarks, typical of Byzantine work. H.

(square).

0.206, W.

0.158, Th.

0.072;

L.H.

0.007-0.008;

stoich. 0.012

1. IG IP 13a isnow joinedwith IG IP 68 and Stroud 1971, pp. 149 150, no. 3; see SEGXL 54 (EM 6881 + 2624 + 12917). /Gil213b (EM 6881a) is a nonjoining fragmentderivingfrom the bottom

of this stele.

the

texts

3

Figure 2. Fragment of the treatyof alliance between theAthenians and theKephallenians (2) 373/2 b.c?

Stoich. 26

.. A

.

. A

.

.]A0[.?8..] .]ypa\|/[..16..]

..5.. JIOYIO[.?*.] . .

koc]i

8oay6[vTu)v?.H.

....]eraay|I6va[Tcov?.1.3..

-]

.. ecj tota>ur[6v.}\.] ..?..]EZ ..5..

T[.36..]

8e[.I7.]

ey Ke(p[a?lXr]viai? . . . .... TCu]v 87Cl|Ll?[^r|T(bv .. A .. a]\)TCGv [.^.]

10

...

.]OI

A

..

.. ...

.6. . .]

.]HT[.!6..]

Line 1:The lowerparts of a rightdiagonal and of the curve of a circular let ter survive.

Line 3: The tips of the diagonals of upsilon are preserved, but the vertical is obscured by deep weathering; the upper leftcurve of a circular letter is visible after the second

sigma.

Line 5: In the second stoichos themason inscribed a sigma and a xi on top of one another; the presence of a sigma in the similarphrase in the previous line suggests

that here

sigma

was

a mistake

and xi the correction.

Omicron

and nu also

seem to be corrections;originally alpha and gamma were inscribedhere. Line 9:The upper rightcurve of omicron and the right thirdof the loop of phi survive;the outlines of the other lettersare visible, despite heavyweathering.

THE

4

Line

12: The

tops of the verticals

of eta and

TEXTS

half of a tau or a zeta

the upper

survive.

The

are identical with and marble those of spacing, Script, Agora existence of this fragment is noted on p. 67 of XVI. Agora

no. 46.2

XVI,

Because of its thickness and the treatment of its back, this cannot, at first sight, be attributed toAgora XVI, no. 46. The back has been reworked, however, and what can be read in line 9 confirms that this fragment does, indeed, derive from the same stele, but without a join. Line 2: [6cva]ypa\|/[dxco]?Cf. Agora XVI,

no. 46, lines 24-25.

Fragment of a list of names (appended to a decree?) Fig. 3 I 3058. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on June 29, 1935, in the area of the northwest part of the Odeion (J?M 9-11), in a marble dump. The stipple-dressed left side and flat, rough-picked back are preserved, the pick marks made with short horizontal strokes.A drafted edge adjoins the face. The leftmargin is 0.015, and there is a vertical uninscribed space of 0.045 below line 7. 3

H.

Ca.

0.302, W.

0.119, Th. 0.099; L.H.

b.c.

390-370

0.008;

stoich. 0.019

(square).

Stoich.

[-] [ -]MA[-] [.]ZIAA[-] HE AYE [-] OSEYA[-] 5 HZIZT[-] A0HN[-] 0OYA[-] vacat 1: The

Line

of these

lower halves

letters

survive.

Line 2: The right tip of a lowerdiagonal, probably of a sigma, ispreserved. 3: The

Line

of the verticals

bases

of eta survive, but not

the horizontal.

Line 4: In the fifthstoichos the stone breaks on the base of a leftdiagonal. Line

5: The

Line

6: The

of tau survives. left tip of the horizontal surface after the eta has been obliterated,

except

for the top part

of a left vertical. Straight

strokes

tend to curve

slightly. Alpha,

delta,

and lambda

are

quite broad,

the horizontal of alpha set low and slightlyangled down to the right; themiddle of

horizontal eta

is narrow;

epsilon omicron

is shorter and

letters; the angle between

than the other are

theta

the upper

quite

diagonals

two, the upper shorter than the lower; and slightly smaller than other

round

of sigma

is sharper

than that between

the lower,the outer diagonals longer than the inner,the lowest projecting slightly beyond

the left apex;

the vertical

of upsilon

is longer

than

its diagonals.

The

same

characteristichand isfound in/GIF 96 (EM 6975), butwith differentspacing and letter sizes. This

should

provide

an

approximate

date

and possible

context.

size of the vacat below line 7 suggests that this fragment derives from the bottom of its stele; thus itmay be a list of ambassadors or oath takers, appended at the end of a decree.3 The

1: [koctoctoc 5l6y]pa[ra],4 [6Iv6]uxx[tgc],or part of a name? Line 2: [Th)]aid8[a . .ca:6. . 8]7ii|Li8^r|[xa(;

-.

---..fa:8.

..]Z0ET[ ca. 9 .]NY[ca.9 - JH[ca. 9 -

15

ca.

JAT[-

]IOEO[

.ca:9. . . .]NA[ .ca.9. . . .]EH[ . ca-.1J. . . .]0[

20

Line

B.C.

3: The

base

of a right diagonal

survives

at left.

more likely Line 4: The righthalf of a bottom horizontal survivesat the left,

that of an epsilon than of a delta; at the right edge the outline of a circular letter is of a central vertical the and then by a nattish diagonal, base by probably the lowest diagonal of a sigma. Line 5: The upper loop and part of the vertical of beta survive

followed

Line 7:The upper curve of a circular letterispreserved at the leftedge; in the

sixth and

seventh

stoichoi

the left apex

of the second

mu

and

the apex

of alpha

survive. is no trace of any lettering on the stone and, in any case, the too is that this space divided space great for a single line alone; I presume the end of one text from the of another. beginning Line 9: At left the first four letters are clear; after these the right reasonably next four letters are clear, but then the surface is survives. The apex of mu pitted Line

vertical

8: There

THE

Figure

7.

Fragment

from

TEXTS

II

the conclu

sion of a decree, and part of a law concerning theMysteries of the

Eleusinian Goddesses

(7) and

three

letters have

disappeared.

The

next four letters are clear, but

at the right

only the outline of a circular letterisvisible. worn and indistinct. Lines 11-21: The letteringis increasingly Whether or not an archon formula appears in line 9, the character of the script suggests a date close to that ofAgora XVI, no. 56, and the contextmay be the same.10

Line 2: [e]7ugt[dTacJ, or [e]7uoT[dTaicJ? Cf. AgoraXVl, no. 56B, line 8, and 48, respectively. Line 3: [xoC] Srijion [xox>A0r|voucov]? Line

no. 56A, line

9: Surely this is an archon formula: ini Q[eeK\ov

dpxovxoq?

(351/50b.c.) 10. See Clinton 1980; he listsinhis n. 9 several other Agora fragments that, as at one time, were considered possible

candidates ment

for this stele, and the docu is one of these.

here discussed

Clintons

list includes

also

two other

fragmentspublished here: I 6065 (= 90, below), and I 6582 (= 47, below).

12

THE

TEXTS

a Fragments from the conclusion of decree Fig. 8 I 5823,1 6487. Two fragments of a stele of heavily weathered Pentelic marble discovered at different times and in different places. There is no 8

join, but fragment a probably lies above and to the left of fragment by so that its line 4 corresponds to line 1 of fragment b. a (I 5823) was discovered on 13, 1939, east of the Fragment May in the west porch of the Library of Pantainos Post-Herulian Wall, (R 14), in a pillaged wall trench. It is broken all around and on the back. H.

0.115, W. 0.078, Th. 0.018. Fragment b (I 6487) was discovered on March 29, 1952, on Areo pagus Street, east of theChurch of theHoly Apostles (QJ.5), inOttoman fill. It is broken all around and on the back. H.

0.145, W. 0.16, Th. 0.085. Both fragments: L.H. 0.010-0.012;

Before themid-4th

stoich. 0.02 (square).

century B.C. Stoich.

29

[-] [..?..]AM[.2?.]

[.. ?. .]nAH[.2}.] [. . ?. .]AAE[.}\.] [. .dvoc]ypd[\j/ai 5e To5e to

b \|/]fj[(piou;atov] XxQ] [ypa(iji]aTe[a xfjc;Po^fjcJ [rifle, %y\\ 8e86x6ai Tfp Pou^fji] [xovq 7tpoeSpo]d?iv ktA,.] [....

]

t

are righthalf of the horizontal and the second vertical of pi a to the lower of left of the the part pi diagonal right preserved, though damaged; Line 1:The

survives, with

no

trace of a crossbar

or base.

The date offeredhere isbased upon the characteristicsof the lettering. an honorific decree for Phyleus of Oinoe Fig. 14 Fragment of 15280. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered onMarch 3, 1938, on the line of the west stair-parapet of the north slope of the a context. It is broken all around and on the back. Acropolis (T 23), in late 14

Figure 13. Fragment of a decree (13)

at It ispartofIG II2330 + 445 (EM 7136 + 7218), givenbelow,starting

line 5, and may join the right edge of lines 7-14 of EM 7136.14 stoich. hor. 0.009, H. 0.126, W. 0.06, Th. 0.049; L.H. 0.004-0.005; vert. 0.0095 (lines 1-3), 0.008 (lines 4-6), 0.0085 (lines 7-8). 335/4 b.c.

46

Stoich. 5 [etc]

[e]i8r| OdXe-uc, xeipoT[ovr|0?ic,.21.kcc] [i] Tcbi8t|ucoi ?7U IlD0o[8r|]^o['u apxovToq rhv dpxr|v, ecp' r\ve%eip] [oT]ovf|0r|, t)p%?vKak[&q k]odjc[aTd toix; vououc, Kai x>ko tcgvnpv] [tcc]v?1(gv

10

nac&v

?aT[?(p1avco[6n

xpuacoi

aT?(pdvcoi....

.10.....]

p]o\)^Ti^r|xa]i Kax [a xov vouov xox>q8e Kpvxajveiq [xr\q

..

.6...

180c, SoCvai

7c]epi

a

xr\v\\fr\q>ov eic, xr\v7ip]cox[r|v] [x>xox> [eKK^naiav Kai xoix; 0ea|i]o0[ex] [ac, SoKiudaai 10

xf^v 7coX,ix?]([avo]

[xav rcpcoxovxp&vxai 8iKaaxr|p] [ioiq kxX.-]

Figure

27.

Fragment

of a decree

con

ferringcitizenship (27)

29. On thedate of IG IF 270, see Walbank

2002,

pp. 63-64,

no. 6.

Line 5:The lower rightcornerof nu survives in thefirststoichos in the abra sion. In the fourth,the leftend of the top diagonal of sigma ispreserved. Line 6:The leftdiagonal of alpha isbarely visible in the abrasion. Line 8:There is a traceof the top of a circular letterafter the omicron. Line 9:The top of a centralvertical isvisible below the omicron of line 8. Spacing and lettersare virtually identical to those of IG IP 270 (EM 2613), Most of the apparentlydated late in the320s b.c, but the line length isdifferent.29 letterformsfound on this fragmentappear also on IG IP 270, with the exception ofkappa, but thehand of both documents is less regularthan itappears at first:the mason, for instance,used the same chisel for all three strokesof alpha, so that the horizontal extends some distance to the leftof the leftdiagonal. The diagonals of

3xv Ni]k[ok^]

[?i8]r|ITPO[[-.]HZAH[-

- -

-

(line 1), 0.005-0.007

-]

-]

[-JiAQ[-] [-.JAE[-] 5

[-.JEY[-] [-]

Line 1:The middle horizontal of epsilon has been omitted. Line 2: The top of the leftvertical of eta survivesat the rightedge. Line 4:The rightdiagonal and a faint traceof the leftdiagonal of a triangular lettersurvive;the surfacebetween these isdamaged, and thephotograph suggests that there is a traceof a centralbar slopingdown slightlyto join the rightdiagonal. must be an alpha.However, ifit is comparedwith If this is a letterstroke,this letter the alpha of line 3 of 71,which is by the same hand, it is clear that this apparent crossbar ismuch too high; thus, this letteris a lambda. 1: [Ai]<e>ixp6[(poD]?80 Part of a heading of some sort, perhaps similar to that found in IG IP 650 and 651, which are of approximately Line

Figure 70. Fragment of a decree (70)

the same date.

Lines 2-3:

[enl x]r\qAnfjunxplidSog-npvxaveiaq]}

Lines 3-4:

[fi]iAco[-syplappdxe'oev]?

Line 4: [npopa]Xia[iocJ?

Line 5: [8]e-o[x?pai]? three erased lines above and below line 1may be read as follows:

The

[-..]A[-]

[in rasura] [in rasura]

[-.]IA[-] [-] e7T?\|/[r|(pi??V-]

[in rasura]

same time and in fragment, 71 (below), found at almost the same area, appears to have a different line length and approximately the thus to derive from a separate decree of about the same date. However, Another

of script,marble, and findspot suggests that these two same monument, perhaps from different fragments may derive from the faces of the stele. the coincidence

79.Meritt (1981, pp. 85, 88-89, 95) places him in253/2;Osborne (1989, pp. 221-225; also 2000, p. 508) argues

for243/2 (see also SEG XXXIX 131, XLIX 8, and L 1).Tracy (AAM, pp. 114 and 168) isundecided.

80.The Athenian formof this name, Dieitrephes,

is attested

Attic demes: seeLGPNIl,

in several

p. 115.

THE

TEXTS

69

Figure 71. Fragment from the con clusion of a decree (71) a Fragment from the conclusion of decree Fig. 71 12747b. A fragmentof a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered on excava near theOdeion giants (M 9) in rubble from previous April 13,1935, tions. It is broken all around and on the back, where some mortar adheres. 71

H. 0.11,W.

0.12, Th. 0.02; L.H.

Before themid-3rd

0.007-0.008;

century B.C.

non-stoich. vert. 0.015. Non-stoich.

ca. 42-45

vacat

This is by the same hand as 70 (above), but appears to have a differentline length.

Line 1:At the left,the base of the vertical of tau survives,followed by the two diagonals of an alpha, butwith no trace of the crossbar.Nu is complete and is followed by the lowerpart of thevertical of epsilon. Line 2:The righthasta of eta partially survivesin thefirststoichos, itstop and bottom hidden by the abrasion, andwith no traceof the horizontal. Line 3: The oudine of a delta is visible, framed by themortar that adheres to the stone.

Line 4: The middle of the rightdiagonal of delta survives. an honorific decree Fig. 72 Fragment of 11363. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous PenteHc marble discovered on a on the east slope of Kolonos Agoraios, February 23, 1934, in well a below theHephaisteion (G 8:1), in Byzantine context. It is broken all 72

around and on the back. H.

0.104, W.

0.07, Th. 0.072; L.H.

0.006; non-stoich. vert. 0.0098.

JO

century B.C.?

Before themid-3rd

THE

TEXTS

Non-stoich.

..?..]ZKI[

... JI[XK2]0[ .]ONEn[

eiq x]f|v(p[\)]]Aa[KT|v? .. ..

.]ftNAITPA[-. e]k

xcov iS[icov-.

JXPY[-.-] masons: the rho of Lines 1-4 and lines 5-7 may be thework of twodifferent line 2 has a much larger loop than thatof the rhos of lines 5 and 7.The spacing between lines 4 and 5 is 0.005, greater than thatbetween other lines, suggesting that a new document began in line 5. Line 1:The end of a veryflat diagonal, the lowerhalf of kappa, and thebase of a vertical

are

preserved.

Line 2:A vertical stroke ispartlyvisible to leftof the chi; chi, rho,and omega are clumsycorrectionsof somethingpreviously inscribedhere,perhaps gamma, chi, and eta.To rightof omega, the left side of a circular letterispartlyvisible. Line 3:The firstvertical and part of the horizontal of pi survive. Line 4: In the fourth stoichos themason first inscribed a lambda, then cor it to an

rected

Figure 72. Fragment of an honorific decree (72)

upsilon.

Line 5:The bottom of the right loop of omega survives. Line 6:The tip of the upper diagonal of kappa is preserved. Line 7:The upper two-thirdsof each of these letterssurvives. The characterof the script suggests that the date is the firsthalf of the 3rd century

b.c., when

such

lettering

"disjointed"

ismost

common.

Line 4: For this phrase, cf. IG IP 283, line 12. 73

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 73

I 2721. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on April Stoa (N 12), in a modern wall. It 2,1935, over the east part of theMiddle is broken all around. The back is rough-picked, but probably as a result of not original. reworking and H. 0.135, W. 0.072, Th. 0.062; L.H. 0.006-0.007; ca. 0.012; the horizontal spacing is irregular.

Before themid-3rd

[

century B.C.?

[.[Ocu xei po]u^[?]T

5

-]A[-dyaOeT

non-stoich. vert,

ca. 38-40

Non-stoich.

] xt>%?i8e86%]

t[o\)c, Xa%6vxcca]av ?[ic^r|aiav mi xpruiaxiaoci 7cepi xouxcov] [f|uov to\)cJ TtpecPlEic, [yvcouriv8]e ?\)u[pdM,?G0ai xfjc,Pon^fjc, dc, xov Sfiuo] vv [v oxi Soke]! x?i [poutai.-] [._.-.8

[

_..]nOAE[-]

]

Line 2: The vertical of upsilon survives;afterthe lambda, epsilon is not pre served,but the bases of iota and of thevertical of tau are visible.

a Figure 73. Fragment of decree (73)

THE

TEXTS

Jl

Line 3:The diagonals of kappa were never inscribed. Line 6:After the second iota thereappear tobe twouninscribed spaces,where one might expect the firsttwo lettersof theword poutai. The hand is characteristicof the firsthalf of the 3rd centuryb.c. a Fragment of decree

74

Fig. 74

I 5317. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered on March 17, 1938, west of the Panathenaic Way and northwest of the Eleusinion (S 18), in a Byzantine context. It is broken all around and on the back. H.

0.088, W.

0.088, Th. 0.048; L.H. century b.c.?

Before themid-3rd

0.005;

stoich. 0.013

(square).

Stoich.

['EA,a(pr|p]oXi[covo(;-xr\q

7tp\)xaveia(;-]

[..?.. x]6i)p 7tp[oe8pCDV?7T?\|/f|(pi?eV-] vv mi xdh Sripcoi-] [. .5... i]oq ?[5oi;?v x?i po\)A,?i 5

[. Ylzpyalcevq ?[i7t?v-] [.. A ..] 6 i?p?[\)(;-]

Line 1:The bases of the diagonals of lambda and of a central vertical are visible

after omicron.

Line 3: The right side of the face is abraded, but the epsilon, though faint, is clear.

Line 4:After the firstepsilon the leftdiagonal ofwhat appears tobe an upsilon survives;after this the tips of the outer diagonals of sigma are visible. Line 5:The upper rightcurve of omicron, the top of iota, and the upper left corner

of the second

epsilon

are

preserved.

I believe, on thebasis of the shapes of epsilon,mu, sigma,and omega, that this may be thework of the "CutterofAgora 13238 and 14169," activebetween 286/5 and 245/4 b.c.81The stoichedon layoutof the text suggests that itwas engraved fairly early

Line XVI, Figure 74. Fragment of a decree (74)

81. See n. 78, above.

in this mason's

career.

3: For the omission of the phrase kou od|i7tp6?5poi,

no. 172, line 4.

cf.Agora

J2

THE

TEXTS

75 Fragment of an honorific decree Fig. 75 I 5391. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on April 15, 1938, over a revetted basin south of the Eleusinion (T 21), in a Late Roman context. It is broken all around and on the back. Tracy published this in 2003.82 H.

0.069, W.

0.039, Th. 0.011; L.H.

stoich. 0.014

0.007;

(square).

century B.C.? Stoich.

Before themid-3rd

[-..jap[-] [-..

.]ENA[-]

[-..

.]TOY[-]

[-...] Kct[i axecpavcboai 5

-

-]

[-xp]dcco[i axecpdvcoi-] [...."]AE[.]

Line 1:The bases of the diagonals of alpha and of thevertical of rho survive in the break.Tracy does not print this line. Line 2: The bottom leftcorner of delta isvisible.Tracy prints this as a dot ted alpha. Lines 4 and 5: In each of these lines the leftside of thenext stoichos survives uninscribed to rightof the last inscribed letter,suggesting that the next letter,in case, was

each

an honorific Figure 75. Fragment of decree (75)

iota.

Line 5: The tip of the rightdiagonal of upsilon survives.Tracy prints only and omega.

sigma

Line 6:The apex of delta and the upper leftcorner of epsilon are preserved. Tracy does not print this line. The lettershapes are distinctive and some, in particular epsilon, kappa, and

omega, aremuch like those of the "Cutter ofAgora I 3238 and 14169";83 however, are less like thismasons work.Tracy may be alpha, nu, omicron, sigma,and upsilon correct,however, in attributingthisfragment to the "Cutter of IG IP 657," active

between

76

ca. 305

and

ca. 275

a Fragment of decree

b.c.84

Fig. 76

I 5747. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered 30,1939, in awell west of thePanathenaic Way and southwest of the Eleusinion (S 22:2), in a context of the 7th century a.d. The smooth

onMarch

dressed left side is preserved, with a leftmargin of 0.014. H. 0.088, W. 0.088, Th. 0.054; L.H. 0.006; semi-stoich. vert. 0.017; the horizontal spacing between letters is ca. 0.005. Before themid-3rd

[

century B.C.?

MQIAMYN[.] YITKO>|[S][.-]

Semi-stoich.

]

NEYinE[.-.-] $2. JAM,

[. .]POE[----.] [----]

Line 1: In the seventh stoichos the base of the firstvertical of a nu is pre served.

pp. 68-69,

graph,p. 70, fig.15.

83. See n. 78, above.

no. 2; photo

84.JAM, pp. 62-73; photographof IG IF 657 (squeeze), p. 63, fig. 11.

THE

TEXTS

73

Figure 76. Fragment of a decree (76) Line 2: The mason inscribeda theta insteadof an omicron, and followed this with a sigma that is quite unlike the firstsigma in this line and the one in line 3. I believe thathe wrote theta-epsilon first,then corrected the epsilon to a sigma, but did not bother to erase the dot of the theta. Line 3:The top of the rightvertical of nu survives. Line 4: The top of the loop of rho and the upper half of omicron survive. The letteringis distinctive,but I have been unable to find itsmatch in other documents; however, it seemsmost characteristicof the firsthalf of the 3rd cen tury

b.c.

Line Line

1: [eSoc^ev tei PodXei mi tcoi 8r|]l|icoi- Ajli-ov[- - eucev]?85 2: The name [Kap]lt>cm|[cJ?86 Alternatively, the demotic

[ VI Iugti[cj ? Avacp

Line 4: [xov\q 7i]po?[8poucJ, or [7c]po?[8pet)?iv]?

a Fragment from the conclusion of decree Fig. 77 15364. A fragment of a stele ofwhite-flecked grayHymettian marble discovered on April 2, 1938, southeast of theMarket Square, over the Panathenaic Way (R 17), in a modern wall. The pick-dressed right side 77

and convex, rough-picked back are preserved. The rightmargin is 0.028, and there is a vertical, uninscribed space of 0.025 below the last line. H. 0.13, W. 0.09, Th. 0.079; L.H. 0.004-0.006; non-stoich. vert.

0.012. Ca. 262-250

is attested inAna 85. Amyntas so far only in the Roman phlystos,

ca. 29

[-eiqSe xf|v&] xr\q UEpiaai xo]v en [vaypd(pr|v GTr\kr\q to teT yevouevov dvdXco]|xa [i 8ioiicr|0?i

era,

or such as Amynandros, Amy or all of which nomenos, Amyntichos, are attested for the 4th century B.C. and sought,

perhaps later;seeLGPNII, p. 26. 86.Attested forAthens in the6th p. 256.

Non-stoich. [-;-\----;]

but this is only one of severalpossibili ties;perhaps a longername shouldbe

century B.C.; see LGPNII,

b.c?

vacat

The rightmargin is unusuallywide, if this ispart of a decree. The hand seems appropriate to the second quarter of the 3rd centuryb.c. Lines

1-2: By this restoration the presence of the Single Officer of as the person responsible formeeting the cost of engravure,

Administration

74

THE

TEXTS

Figure

77.

Fragment

from

the con

clusion of a decree (77)

in combination with the phrase to yevouevov dvdtaouoc, places this decree in the period after 262/1 b.c. and the end of the Chremonidean War.87 78

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 78

15813. A fragment of a stele of pale grayHymettian marble discovered on May 11,1939, west of the Eleusinion and the Panathenaic Way (R 20), in a late context. It is broken all around and on the back. H. 0.088, W. Ca. 255-235

0.12, Th. 0.052; L.H.

b.c?

[-..

Non-stoich.

.]OnAIT[-.-

[-]OAABEINITO[-] [-]0AIAEAEIT[[-.

0.005; non-stoich. vert. 0.013.

-]

-

-.-]

.]OTAiniI[-]

crossbar of each alpha is extremelyfaint. 1:The base of the vertical of tau survives. 2: The lower curve of omicron ispreserved before the lambda. 3: The fourth lettermay be a lambda, or a delta whose base has been omitted; after it, the vertical ofwhat is likelyan epsilon survives,but the rest of this letterishidden by an abrasion. Line 4: The top half of a circular letter is preserved in the firststoichos; the of iota and the upper diagonals of sigma surviveafterthe pi. top wide, itsleftdiagonal slighdyshorterand itshorizontal faint Alpha is relatively and sloping slighdyup to right;the ends of thehorizontals of epsilon thicken,and themiddle one is quite short;omicron ismedium-sized and not quite round; the horizontal of pi overlaps its firstvertical; and sigmahas almost flatouter diagonals The Line Line Line

and

inner diagonals

not

meeting

exactly

but overlapping.

These

characteristics

are

87. See Henry

1984, pp. 74-81.

THE

TEXTS

75

Figure 78. Fragment of a decree (78) foundalso in thehand of the"CutterofIGIP 788,"who was activebetween ca. 255/4 and 235/4 b.c.,88and I believe, therefore,that thisfragmentmay be hiswork. Line 2: [d7t]oA,dp?ivor [\)7t]oA,dp?iv? 79

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 79 a stele of of fragment Hymettian marble discovered on May 14,1934, in the area of theTholos, in a marble dump. It is broken all around and on the back. I 1983. A

H. 0.099, W. 0.115, Th. 0.01; L.H. horizontal spacing is ca. 0.003-0.004. Ca. 255-235

b.c?

0.004; non-stoich. vert. 0.009;

Non-stoich.

.]KOY[ ..?..]

to

\|/ri(pi[opa

?\|/n](pio6a[i] xr\x[PouAtii?

Figure 79. Fragment of a decree (79)

88.Tracy 1988, pp. 311-322; de scription

of the letter forms, pp. 311

312; photograph,pi. 86; see nowAAM,

pp. 128-149.

the

j6

THE

TEXTS

Line 1:The lowerdiagonal of a kappa or chi survives;the angle is too flatfor this to be part of an alpha or lambda.The circular second letterhas no dot; after it,the bottom of a vertical isvisible, too far to the right to be thatof an iota,with traceson the break that suggest the junction of the diagonals of an upsilon. Line 3:At the rightedge the stone breaks on thevertical of iota. The mason who engraved this fragmentwas evidently at pains tomake his text look regular,almost stoichedon.This is typicalof the "Cutter of IG IP 788." Also characteristicof thismason are those lettersthat survivehere, notably theta, sigma,

and

Figure 80. Fragment of a decree (reaffirminga grant of citizenship?)

(80)

phi.89

a a Fig. 80 Fragment of decree (reaffirming grant of citizenship?) I 5752. A fragment of a stele of blue-gray, white-flecked Hymettian marble discovered onMarch 29,1939, at the north foot of theAreopagus 80

(G 19), in the foundation wall of the Church of Ayios Athanasios. a ca. 0.003. pick-dressed left side is preserved, with margin of H.

0.22, Th.

0.091, W.

0.095; L.H.

0.004-0.005;

The

non-stoich. vert.

0.0105. Ca. 255-235

B.C.?

Non-stoich.

]

[

[.]TEIA[-] [.]OYIKA[.. .]EE[-OTtcoq piM-ov ei Tt&ovv[xoic, (p]ita)[xi|iou|ievoi%?i-8e86%0a[i

xet poutai xovq Xaxovxaq

eq>d] 7cpoe8poDcJ

7tepi-Yvcbpnv] [ei]q xrj[v e]nwvoav ?KKA,r|cua[vxpnuaxiaai 8e ^['uiipdMJeoGai xfjc,[PoDj^fjc, [eiq xov 8fjuov oxi Sokei xei poi)A,?i] [_'_.

[

-1.0-.11.

_.

-]YA0HN[-

--]

]

Line 1:The lowerhalves of these four letterssurvive. Line 3:The base of the fourthdiagonal ofmu ispreserved. Line 4:The upper right side of the loop of rho survives;at the rightedge the base of the leftdiagonal of alpha isvisible. Line 5: The upper two diagonals of sigma survive in the firstpreserved stoichos.

89. See n. 88, above.

THE

TEXTS

77

Line 6: The apex of delta, the upper left corner of epsilon, and the xi are preserved; the apex of the lambda isvisible.At the rightedge the apex of lambda survives

before

eta and

sigma.

Line 7:There are faint tracesof the tops of letters where the stonehas broken or the of the of chi; the apex of a triangular away: upper diagonals tips upsilon letter;the upper curve of a round letter;and the tops of threeverticals, perhaps iota and

eta, or eta and

iota or nu.

The hand seems much like that of the "Cutter of IG IP 788."90Note, in particular, the shapes of alpha, epsilon, kappa, and sigma. Line

1: [7CO^i]i?ia[v]? Perhaps a reference to an earlier award of citi

zenship? Lines 2-3: Cf. IG IP 1227, lines 20-21. 81

a a Fragment of decree (of deme?) Fig. 81 1935. The upper leftcorner of a stele of blue, white-flecked

Hymettian marble discovered on June 5,1933, east of theTholos (H 11), in a marble dump from the latewall. The rough-picked back and stipple-dressed left side are preserved, aswell as a crowning molding, double-tiered horizontal

taenia, and part of the gable and central akroterion of the pedimental The leftmargin is 0.014. Figure 81. Fragment of a decree (of a

deme?)(81)

90. See n. 88, above.

top.

yS

THE

TEXTS

The surviving lefthalf of the stele is 0.26 wide from the edge to the center of the gable, so that its fullwidth would have been ca. 0.52, allowing for a line of about 33-34 letters if the rightmargin was the same width as the left. 0.398

(molding 0.012, taenia 0.06, pediment 0.148), W. 0.27, stoich. hor. (projection of taenia 0.023); L.H. 0.006-0.007; a vert. 0.0155. There is vertical uninscribed space of 0.015 above 0.0145, line 1. H.

0.139

Th.

b.c.

Ca. 255-235

Stoich.

[Ay]oc0ei T[uxei?] [.]HAK1N[-] TAIIEf-]

EriElf-]

5 TEN[-]

EYEn[-] noT[-] TH[-] BY[-] [-]

a

left corner

of an epsilon

Line

3: The

upper

Line

4: The

top of the iota survives.

(or a gamma,

or

pi?)

survives.

Line 6: At the right a leftvertical is preserved in the break, perhaps that of pi.

Line 9:The xi appears tobe setoffa littleto the left;the tipof the leftdiagonal

of upsilon survives. The hand seems

to the third quarter

appropriate

of the 3rd century

B.C. Note

theverybroad lettering;the tendencyfor straightstrokestobe slightlycurved; the faintness and slight slantup to rightof the horizontal of alpha; the thickeningof the ends

of the horizontals

the horizontal

of

of pi, overlapping

the inner considerably shorter; the slope of epsilon, the almost flat outer diagonals the second vertical;

of sigma, their ends thickened but not serifed; theway inwhich the vertical of below projects upsilon with upward-pointing

non-stoichedon IGW of IG IP 788."91

the baseline; extenders.

and

These

the omega, characteristics,

which

is almost

I believe,

a full circle

are found

in the

798 (EM 7449 + 7455), attributedbyTracy to the "Cutter

Line 2: [M]r|5icov (or [M]r|icov?) [eircev]? Line 3: [e'Socjev (or 8e86%0cu) xdiq 8npo]xaic/ e[7tociveGai - -]? Line 4: ?7t8i[8r|]? Line 5: yev[6|LievocJ?Cf. IG IP 1261, lines 4 and 46. Line 6: ev 87t[e|Li8^f|0r|Trjq Qvaiaq %r\q-]? Cf. IG IP 1261, lines 46-47.

Line 7: [v]\tzot[- -]? Fragment from the conclusion of a decree conferring Fig. 82 citizenship I 6759. A fragment of a stele of pale gray,white-flecked Hymettian marble discovered in thewinter of1956/1957, in the garden area south of the (D-E 10-11). It isbroken all around and on the back. Temple ofHephaistos 82

91. See n. 88, above.

the

texts

The upper leftpart of an engraved myrtle wreath survives at bottom left. H. 0.079, W. 0.059, Th. 0.027; L.H. 0.0045; non-stoich. vert. 0.011. End of 3rd century B.C.

Non-stoich.

ca. 54-57

mi ax[fiaai] 13 rcpoc,xdh 'Etauaivian- [sic; 51 ? xr)vdv[aypd(pnv mi xr\vdvdOEGiv xfjc,oxr|Xr|cJ 14 [u]?p{aai xo vevouevov [dv]d^?ua_xo[v xajxiav xcovoxpaxicoxtKcov vacat ] wreath

[wreath}]

The textof the new fragment is underlined. Line 13 (= line 1 of I 6759): The lowest horizontal of epsilon and the bases of theverticals of tau and eta are visible in the abraded area at left. Line 14:The base of the rightdiagonal of the firstalpha survivesat left.At the rightedge the stone breaks on the upper leftcurve of a circular letter.

This ispartofAgoraXVI, no. 239 (I 4260 + 5327),which is dated

to the end of the 3rd century B.C. and is an award of myrtle crowns and grants of citizenship to several persons.92 It does not join the lower right side of I 4260, lines 13-14, but is separated from it by a space of ca. 3-4 letters.The text of this decree was inscribed upon a stelewhose foliation is almost vertical to the face, so that it has broken into fragments having almost perpendicular sides. A narrow splinter has evidently broken away from the right side of14260 or the left side of I 6759 and is now lost.The

Figure 82. Fragment from the con clusion

of a decree

conferring

citi

zenship (82)

three fragments of this document were found at different times and quite a one another, widely separated from fragment ingrid squareN15, fragment 10-11. b in grid square T 21, and the new fragment in grid square D-E 83

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 83

I 6409. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble discovered on July 10, 1951, in the Roman building northeast of the Civic Offices (J 12). The smooth-dressed left side is preserved, with a margin of 0.014. The right edge has been reworked and is also smooth-dressed.

H. 0.078,W. vert. 0.0135.

0.095, Th. 0.085; L.H.

3rd-2nd century B.C.?

0.006-0.007;

stoich. hor. 0.0125,

Stoich.

[. ONI[.

I1AAAP[ IANTO[. IQNHZI[ ['

92. Photographs ofAgora I 4260 and I 5327:AgoraXVI, pi. 25; on the significance Walbank2002,

of crowns of myrtle, p. 65, no. 8.

see

Line 1:The base of a vertical survivesat the right edge, too close to the nu to be part of an upsilon. Line 2: The vertical and the lowerpart of the loop of rho are preserved. Line 4:The top of a vertical isvisible at the rightedge after sigma. The letterformsare highly distinctive:note how one end of a straightstroke is very shallow, the othermuch deeper,with a tendency to thicken into a blob; theway inwhich the diagonals of alpha and delta form a cross at the apex; how

the horizontal bar of alpha and eta is slightlyslanted and overlaps the rightedge

8o

THE

TEXTS

Figure 83. Fragment of a decree (83) of the letter;the extension of thehorizontal of pi beyond the second vertical; and the omega,which is inscribedas a circle towhich horizontal extendersare added, the rightone higher than the left.Collectively, these traitsseem characteristicof the late 3rd or early 2nd

century

B.C.

Line 2: [^a|i]lmSap[%o{)vTocJ? a Fragment of decree granting enktesis Fig. 84 I 5767. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered on (Q_23), in a Late April 3, 1939, at the north foot of theAreopagus context. The tooth-dressed left side is preserved, with a leftmargin Roman 84

ofO.Ol. H.

0.09, Th.

0.086, W.

0.073; L.H.

0.006;

stoich. hor. 0.011, vert.

0.012. 3rd-2nd century B.C.?

Stoich.

]

[

?i[v]ai 8e[.-.] I 8e e[y]K[-tTiovv.-]

TI[M]HZO[.-] THNT[-

5

-

-.-]

E?iv) from line 7; otherwise this linewould be far too long. 88

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 88

14855. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered onMay 11,1937, south of the Eleusinion (T 21-22), in a late context. It is broken all around and on the back. 0.023; L.H.

0.066, W. 0.068, Th. horizontal spacing ca. 0.007. H.

3rd-2nd century B.C.?

0.008; non-stoich. vert. 0.013,

Non-stoich.

]APXAI[

]YIKAT[ .]Eni[-'

JE0H[-

a Figure 88. Fragment of decree (88)

Line 1:The leftapices of sigma are visible. Line 2: The right tip of a diagonal survives in the firststoichos; in the fifth stoichos the lefttip of the horizontal of tau isvisible. Line 4: Part of an upper horizontal survives,probably of an epsilon. The alphaswith slightlycurved horizontals suggest a date in the late 3rd or early 2nd

89

century

B.C.

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 89

I 3237. A fragment of a stele of Pentelic marble found on September in a 23,1935, in the southeast part of theMarket Square (N-QJ-2-14), is marble dump. The smooth-dressed left side preserved. H.

0.088, W. horizontal 0.015,

0.094, Th. 0.117; L.H. ca. 0.004-0.006. spacing

B.C. Beginning of 2nd century

[

MnoT[.] KHPYK[.]

0.008-0.009;

non-stoich. vert.

Non-stoich.

]

KAIT[-.] TH[-.--.]

[

98.ALC, pp. 41-43; descriptionof letteringon pp. 82-83; photographon

] p. 42, fig. 1. 99. SeeMeritt 19^1, pp. 234-235.

a Figure 89. Fragment of decree (89)

THE

TEXTS

85

Line 1:The base of a slightly sloping rightvertical, possibly that of a mu, survivesat the rightend of the firststoichos; thebase of a centralvertical isvisible in the fourth stoichos. Line 2: The top of thevertical of the second kappa survives in the break. Line 3:The lefttip of the horizontal of tau survives. The untidy,disjointed lettering is appropriate to the beginning of the 2nd century

b.c., but

Lines

too few letters

survive

for attribution

to a

specific

hand.

1-2: [kou tov]I kt|p'ok[a]?

a Fragment of decree conferring citizenship Fig. 90 I 6065. A fragment of a stele of verymicaceous, pale grayHymettian marble discovered on August 4,1947, west of the Civic Offices (112), in theGreat Drain. The surface is badly abraded. The pick-dressed left side 90

survives,with a leftmargin of 0.005. The not original. H.

0.232, W. horizontal 0.011,

Figure 90. Fragment of a decree conferringcitizenship (90)

0.168, Th. 0.053; L.H. ca. 0.003. spacing

rough-picked back is probably

0.005-0.006;

non-stoich. vert.

86

THE

b.c.

229-190

Ca.

ca. 57-63?

Non-stoich.

[

- - -

TEXTS

-

-]EA[-]AQP[

-]

-]OYEni[

[

uevoc,

otjv

emcee, 8['dv

TQI[--A-19~P.-] [xcbv] ?k[x?vcdc,

x]dc;

[%p?iav,

^aivnxca

oroxoic,

7capd

jie|ivr|] xco

8r|]

uod noX[iTe]i[a]v koci [eivou ocoxoic,8oKi|uac?0?ic>i ypdyacrGai qyuArjc, Kai Sruuxrokcu] xov ypajiuo:] xo 8e x68e (ppaxpiocc,f^c,[d]v [poi)]A,r|x[ai ekocgxoc/dvaypd\|/ai \|/r|(pio"uo: x?a xov Kaxd 7i[p\)xav?iav ziq axr|^r|v A,i9ivr|vKai axfjaca ?v dKpo7r6A,?i-ei] q be xfjvdvay[pd(pr|v xr\qoxr[Xr\quxpioou xov xocuiav xcovaxpaxicoxiKcav 7caiv?aai

10

[

EniMEAf TAI AIE[ --

XIA[[

of an epsilon and of a triangular of the vertical of rho survives.

Line

1: The

outlines

Line

2: The

base

letter are visible.

Line 4: The apex of delta ispreserved at the rightedge. Line

5: After

Line

6: The

omicron

fourth

the curving of mu diagonal

of sigma

upper diagonal survives.

is

preserved.

Line 7: The base of the vertical of the second rho is preserved; at the right edge

the bases Line

of lambda

8: The

and

first three

tau survive

letters

to either

are clear;

side of the eta.

the next

eight

letters

survive, much

abraded. Lines only

9-13:

first two letters

The

as faint and

abraded

in each

line are clear, but

the remainder

exist

outlines.

to the "Cutter attributes this fragment Tracy ca. 229/8 between and ca. 190 b.c100

of IG

Lines 4-7: For these restorations, cf.Agora XVI, 2ndAgora XVI, no. 239, lines 7-10.

IF

912," who

was

active

no. 224, lines 25-27,

Fig. 91 Fragment of a decree I 6306. The upper left corner of a pedimental stele of pale gray,white flecked Hymettian marble discovered on June 3, 1950, at the west end of theAltar ofAres (L 8), in a Byzantine context. The top and left side are preserved, with a crowning molding and horizontal taenia, the left

91

akroterion, and the central part of the pediment, up to the spring of the central

H. Th.

akroterion.

0.192

0.074

(molding 0.03, taenia 0.018, pediment 0.078), W. of taenia 0.02); L.H. 0.007; non-stoich.

(projection

0.21, vert.

0.01.

175/4 or 169/8 b.c.

[0] [inl.

8 . .

.]kou

ca. 40-41?

Non-stoich.

apxovx[o(;,

[o enl

x?[q

ca.26

ca. 16

-]

100. ALC, pp. 55-60; descrip tion of lettering, pp. 55-56; photo graph, p. 56, fig. 3.

THETEXTS

87

MliiliBIBBM^

Figure 91. Fragment of a decree (91)

The line lengthcan be calculated bymeasuring thedistance from the leftside to the central akroterion.This allows awidth of ca. 0.45 for the pediment, so that the line lengthwill have been ca. 40-41 letters. Line 1: The epsilon of the invocation survives on the taenia, above the omicron-nu

of line 2.

Line 2: The top of a diagonal survivesbefore thefirstomicron; itmay be too steeplyangled to be part of a chi or sigma. Line 3: The upper leftcorner of epsilon, the top of iota, and the tips of the

diagonals of upsilon, survivebelow the rho, chi, and omicron of line 2, respec tively.

The letteringis distinctive,but hard tomatch; there is a tendency to thicken the free ends of straightstrokes;alpha is quite wide, with a slightlysloping and curvingbar; all threestrokesof nu are the same length,but thediagonal is shallower, and this letterseems to lean backwards; the diameter of omicron is inconsistent, and it ismade from several short, straightstrokes; the loop of rho ismade from several straightstrokes,giving ita pennant-like appearance; upsilon ismade with a shortvertical and longdiagonals, extending above the line,and all threestrokesare very shallow at one end, deep and thickat the other; the same is trueof chi,whose diagonals are each made by two intersectingstrokes. I believe that this fragment may be in the styleof the "Cutter ofAgora I 656 + 6355," but trulydiagnostic letters,

such

as mu

Line 2: The 101. See n. 96, above.

169/8 B.C.).

and

sigma,

have

not

survived.101

archon is either Sonikos

(of 175/4 B.C.) or Eunikos

(of

88

THE

TEXTS

Fragment from the conclusion of a prytany decree, Fig. 92 followed by a list of names of councillors 12665. A fragment of a stele ofHymettian marble discovered onMarch 29,1935, on the slope ofKolonos Agoraios, ca. 20 southwest of theTholos (F 12), in a 3rd-century a.d. context. The left side is preserved. H. 0.153, W. 0.082, Th. 0.065; L.H. 0.005 (lines 1-7), 0.006 (lines 92

vert.

non-stoich.

8-9); Ca.

0.011. b.c.

210-170

ca.

Non-stoich.

65-70

[

] N[-]

TIA[-] AOA[-Be] oxEcpavoaaai

pEvefiKiSnv-Kai

5

ekcccjtov

auxcbv

QaX]

xov ypajuuocxEa xov Kaxd TCpuxavEiav ziq ax] Xov a[x?(pdvcoi- dvaypd\|/ai 8e x65e xo \j/fj(pio|Lia ev xcoi 7tpuxaviKan xo de yevojievov dvdAxGUo: jaEpiaai xov etc! xeT] [fi]Xr|v Xi[0ivnv Kai axfjaai vacat [8ioiKTia[?i]l]. Aiovua[-]

Apuo8[-]

]

[

Line

2: The

Line

6:

base

In

the

of a left diagonal a mu first stoichos

is preserved. has been partly

erased

and

by

replaced

an eta. Line

mason

7: The

line 6, then erased text, and

original

xeT from the phrase xeT 5ioiKfiaei here, repeating the traces of the removing phrase without completely in rasura. 5ioiKriaei

inscribed

the whole reinscribed

Line 8:The upper diagonal of sigma survives,thoughvery faint. 9: The

Line

upper

curve

of omicron

and

the

apex

of delta

are

barely

visible. attributes

Tracy and 210/9

171/70

to the "Cutter

this fragment

of IG

IF

913,"

active

between

b.c.102

is part of the second decree of a prytany inscription (for the a see scheme, Agora XV, pp. 9-10), followed by list ofpry taneis. This

Fragment from the conclusion of a decree Fig. 93 I 4427. A fragment of a stele of bluish, micaceous Pentelic marble found on January 22, 1937, over the Eleusinion (T?U 20), in a modern house wall. The tooth-dressed right side and flat, rough-picked back are a preserved. There is vertical, uninscribed space of 0.18 below the last inscribed line. 93

H. 0.009, Ca.

0.27, W. horizontal

210-170

0.125, spacing

Th.

0.118;

L.H.

0.006-0.007;

non-stoich.?

vert.

ca. 0.004-0.005.

B.C.?

43-45

Non-stoich.?

[-] [-xov

ypajujnocTeoc

xov Korea

7ip-uxaveiav

ev a]xr|[A,r|i

Xi]

[Owni Kai axfjoai ev aKpo7c6^8i- etc,5e xfjvava]ypa(pr|v Ka[i] [xr|vdvdOeaiv xfjc;aTr\Xr\qjaepiaai xov xa]uaav xcovoxp[a] [xicoxikcov

xo yevojievov

dvd^cojaa]

vacat

102. ALQ pp. 71-79; description of lettering, pp. 71-73; photograph, p. 72, fig. 6.

THE

TEXTS

89

Figure 92 (above). Fragment from the conclusion

of a prytany

decree,

followed by a listof names of coun cillors (92) Figure 93 (right).Fragment from the conclusion of a decree (93) Line 1:The bases of tau and of theverticals of eta surviveabove the phi and eta of line 2. Line 3:The thirdand fourthdiagonals ofmu surviveat the leftedge. Tracy attributesthisdocument to the "Cutter of IGIF 913."103 94

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 94

14662. A fragment of a stele of gray-blue marble, streakedwith white and probably Hymettian, discovered on April 3,1937, in the area south of in amarble dump. It isbroken all around and theEleusinion (N-QJ.2-14), on the back. non-stoich. vert. H. 0.136, W. 0.16, Th. 0.09; L.H. 0.004-0.005; 0.0085. 103. See n. 102, above. Tracy

com

ments (perep.): "theblank space along the rightedge below the finallines of thedecree suggeststhatthis is a fragment

of a text granting

honors

to

an individual, for example, perhaps, a decree There granting citizenship. would have been room for a single incised crown (now lost) to the left."

the

9?

Ca. 203-163

texts

Non-stoich.

b.c? . .ca:9. . . .]NEA[ ?z:l

. .

e\)]voux[

. .]AONIQN[ :l . .]NAI tcoi'[.]NAI[

.. oe]ocoi{un}|jivcDv

[?

..] TipianevoD 0e[ ocou]aTCo[[v]| &7to8pdvT[cov .] 7to<X>ecov Kai e0v[cov e]KX,a|i[p]ldvovT[a? .]IAH tcoi AEA[

10

.]0AIA[[E]1Y0[ ]QITOYA[ ]TEPAN[ )eu[ Line 3:The lowerpart of the firstvertical and perhaps the top of thediagonal of nu

survive.

Line 4:At the rightedge, nu is followed by the apex of a triangularletterand the top of a vertical. Line

5: The

mason

has

inscribed

two extra

letters, mu-eta

or eta-mu,

in the

middle of thisword. Line 6:The lowerpart of the second vertical of pi survives. Line 7: In the firststoichos thebase of the rightdiagonal of alpha survives;the firstnu ismuch largerthan other nus on this stone and is a correctionof amistake:

Fig111^ 94- Fragment of a decree (94)

THE

TEXTS

91

epsilonmay have been inscribedhere first;at the rightedge, nu isbarelyvisible in the abrasion, and is followed by the lefttip of thehorizontal of tau. Line 8: Delta has been inscribed instead of lambda. Line 9:The tipsof thediagonals of kappa survivein thefirststoichos; the large and awkward beta is a correctionfor the epsilon thatwas first inscribedhere. Line 10:The apex of a triangularletterfollows the epsilon. Line 11: After the second alpha faintmarks suggest that an iotawas first inscribedhere and latercorrected to epsilon: the space between alpha and upsilon is too narrow

for a

regular

epsilon.

Line 12:The apex of a triangularletterisvisible in the break at the right. Line 13:The right tip of the horizontal of tau and the top leftcorner of nu survive.

Line 14:The upper curve of a circular letterand the tops of two verticals are preserved.

The hand, notably the shapes of alpha, epsilon,nu, pi, rho,and omega,may be in the styleof the "Cutter ofAgora 1656 + 6355."104The mason has a tendency to place a centraldot in circular letterssuch as the omicron of line 7 and the omegas of lines 7 and 10.

Line 1: [tco]v *E^[^f|vcov]? Line 5: Cf. IG IP 435, lines 10-11.

Line 7:Cf. IG IP 584, lines8 and 12.

92, lines 19-20.105 Another version of this in below. 98, phrase may appear Line 12: [ev tcoi iep]fi>ixox> [-]? Line

8: Cf. SEG XXXVII

Line

13: [%r\v 8e e]xepav [ev-]?

Figure 95. Fragment of a decree (95) 95 104. See n. 96, above.

105. SEG XXXVII 92, lines 19-20 = IG IP 898+; forthe addition to thisof I 7197 + 7199, seeHabicht 1987.

a Fragment of decree

Fig. 95

I 4667. A fragment of a stele of pale gray,white-flecked Hymettian marble discovered on April 3,1937, north of Klepsydra (T 25), in amodern

context. It is broken all around; the rough-picked back may be original, but its treatment is not typical of its period.

92

THE

TEXTS

0.082, W. 0.088, Th. 0.075; L.H. 0.005 (lines 1-2), 0.006 vert. 0.01 (lines 1-2), 0.012 (lines 3-6). non-stoich. 3-6); H.

Ca. 203-163

B.C.?

Non-stoich.

.ca.7..

[-..

ca.5

[-.

.]AAB[-]

.]ANTOIIA[-.-]

. o]K?1)d?cDV [-] jiexd Torino: [-]

[-. [-..] 5

(lines

[-.]NOIAEin[-]

[-]AHMONKA[-] Line 1:The lowerhalves of these letterssurvive. Line 2: The base of a rightdiagonal survives in the firststoichos; at the right edge the base of a leftdiagonal ispreserved. Line 5:The vertical and part of the horizontal of a pi or gamma survive. Line 6:The apex of a triangularletter ispreserved at the rightedge. I believe that the hand is thatof the "Cutter ofAgora I 656 + 6355."106Note the shapes of alpha, epsilon,mu, nu, omicron, sigma, upsilon, and omega, all of are characteristic

which

96

of this mason's

a Fragment of decree

work.

Figure 96. Fragment of a decree (96)

Fig. 96

upper right corner of a pedimental stele of pale gray, white-flecked Hymettian marble found on February 14,1935, west of the Tholos (F 12), in a Late Roman context. The right side, top, and back are I 2416. The

preserved.

0.086, (molding 0.04, taenia 0.02, pediment 0.06), W. non-stoich.? Th. 0.044 (projection of molding 0.02); L.H. 0.004-0.005; vert. 0.0065 (horizontal spacing 0.0015; three letters occupy a space of ca. H.

0.143

0.015). Ca. 203-163

B.C.?

Non-stoich.?

[-]PQNY [-.

jaa

[-] Line 1:The top of the vertical and most of the loop of rho survive;uncut space below the loop indicates that this is not a beta. Line 2: The apex and part of the crossbar of alpha survive,followed by the leftdiagonal of a triangularletter in thebreak at right.

I believe that this fragmentmay be in the styleof the "Cutter ofAgora I 656 + 6355."107Note the alpha with slightlycurving crossbar; the nu,whose second vertical extends above the line; the rho,whose loop ismade froma seriesof straight lines; the tall,wide, slightlyunbalanced upsilon; and thehorseshoe-shaped omega, lackingfinials.

thickness of the stele, if the back is original, argues against an as a decree of the state, since it seems to require a very interpretation of this The

short line.108Perhaps, therefore, this is a decree of a phyle, or, less likely,of name in line 1would a deme or other body, not of the State; the possible then be that of an orator or an honorand.

106. See n. 96, above. 107. See n. 96, above. to Dow's 108. According Formula; a see n. 46, above. This would give width of ca. 0.19, sufficient for ca. 20 letters.

THE

TEXTS

93

Fragment of an honorific decree Fig. 97 14483. A fragment of a stele ofmicaceous Pentelic marble discovered on area west of the Stoa of Attalos (O-P 8-9), February 2,1937, in the in a pile of marble. It is broken all around, but part of the rough-picked 97

back may survive. H. 0.081, W. 0.096, Th. 0.14; L.H. century B.C.?

Before themid-2nd

.ca.9....]

[-...

[-.] Figure 97. Fragment of an honorific decree (97)

mi

[-]NAII [-.

Non-stoich.

[-]

xov axecpavov-] dvayopeC[aai U?VAio[vDo(cov-] kou 'E^?[UCUV((GV-]

[-JaiCGV 5

koci

0.006; non-stoich. vert. 0.0115.

.]I0OYEITEO[-.-]

[-...]XEQLE[----.-]

[-.

.ca.5.VjlA[-]

Line 1:The tip of the lowerdiagonal of kappa and thebases of the diagonals of alpha and the base of iota survive. Line 2:The lowerhalves of kappa and alpha and thebase of iota are preserved. Line 3:The top of a vertical survives in the abrasion in the firststoichos. Line 4: The apex of the firstalpha ispreserved. Line 5:Most of this line is heavily abraded, but parts or outlines of letters survive:the tops of a vertical,of theupper curve and centraldot of theta,theupper two-thirdsof omicron, the tips of thediagonals of upsilon, thevertical of epsilon, the outlines of sigma, tau, and epsilon, and the base of the vertical of phi. Line 6:The upper diagonal of sigma and the tipsof thehorizontals of epsilon survive in the firsttwo stoichoi. The untidiness and inconsistencyof the lettershapes suggest thefirsthalf of the 2nd

century

b.c

Line 4: [IIava0r|v]orfcGV? Line 6: [xr\qdvaYopet>]a?CD]v fEX[Xr\v(av]}, 941

KecpaM-rrvia:

Ta|Lir|Xicbv:

PLACES

Phrases,

[rapya]pe\)Gi?,

"EXXriveq:

THE

IN ATHENS

LOCATIONS

29

64 4113

MONTHS 291

['E^a(pr|p]o^i[covo(;],

HEROES,

AND

74x

FESTIVALS

[A]A,e^ncaK[- -] (Apollo or Herakles?), 473 Kai Apiaxoyeixcov: Kai Apioxoyeixovoc]?, [7i]ap' A[pu6Siov [Aiovdgicov xa>]v ev [cxaxei]?, 592; Ato[v\)aicov], 973 'EA,eDawia: ['EA,]e-uai[vicov]?, 593; 'EA,e[Daivlcov], 974

AXe^iKaKoq: ApupSux; Aiovuaia:

riavaGrivaia:

[IiavaGr|v]aicGv?, 974 (Athena or Zeus?),

Icoxfjp: Icox[f|p]o(;

8716

436

loca

INDEXES

io6

SIGNIFICANT

PHRASES "analiskomena

dvaAaaKojieva

THEMES AND FORMULAIC

fund" as a source of expenditure xcoi 5t|uxdi), 8,10?, 18?, 71? or

on stelai (xd Kocxd \j/r|(piG|iaxa

of: ev xcoi Oedxpcoi, 87? citizenship, grants of, 26, 27, 33, 34, 48, 50?, 53, 57, 60?, 62?, 80?, 82, 90, 98? See also Index of Publications I, II Cited, under Naturalization cost of stelai: amount not to be restored with specified but probability, 18, 71; (eKKAT|Gia),

assembly

specified

locations

meetings

as 20 drachmai, 8?; as 50 drachmai, 10?; stated as xo yevouevov expressly specified 19? dvdAxouoc, 65, 68, 77?, 82, 90?, 92?, 93?; stated as at expense of honorand, cost and type of xov vojjov, 35?, 44?, 61?, 67; awarded Kocxd stephanoi: gold, gold, cost stated as 1000 drachmai, 12, 56?; gold, 34?; gold, cost stated but uncertain, 14, 37, 43, 75, 97 type not identified, 59

further description,

lacking

82; olive, 67, 92;

myrtle, enktesis, 84

of others to emulate the merits of hono intention" (the encouragement 36, 80, 90 isoteleia, 36?, 98? locations of stelai: ev <xKpo7c6A,ei,8,10?, 18?, 19?, 45?, 48, 71?, 90?, 93?; in or near the 94?; near or in front Eleusinion, 82; in the iepov (of an uncertain organization), ev xcoi 92? of the Strategion, 7ipuxaviKcoi, 68?;

"hortatory rands),

nomoi, 7,15 of land and property, grants to foreigners of legal right to, 36?, 84? (treasurers or other officials) defraying the expenses of inscribing and paymasters xou Sfjuou), 8?, 10?, 18?; 6 xajiiaq xcov erecting stelai: 6 xocuia