Roman History, VI: Books 51-55 (Loeb Classical Library)

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ru

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB,

LL.D.

EDITED BY fT. E.

fE. CAPPS,

PAGE,

L. A. I'OST, M.A.

DIO'S

E. H.

C.H., LITT.D.

tW.

PH.D., LL.D.

H. D.

WARMINGTON,

ROUSE,

ROMAN HISTORY VI

litt.d.

m.a., f.k.hist.soo.

DIO'S

ROMAN HISTORY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

EARNEST GARY,

Ph.D.

ON THE BASIS OF THE VERSION OF Ph.D.

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER,

IN NINE VOLUxMES

VI

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS .

MOMLV

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5 (pauvero.

46

BOOK

LI

fco view the remains of the Ptolemies, though the Alexandrians were extremely eager to show them, remarking, "I wished to see a king, not corpses." For this same reason he would not enter the presence

of Apis, either, declaring that he was accustomed Afterwards he made to worship gods, not cattle. it in charge of Cornelius and gave Egypt tributary For in view of the populousness of both the Gallus. cities and country, the facile, fickle character of the inhabitants, and the extent of the grain-supply and of the wealth, so far from daring to entrust the land to any senator, he would not even grant a senator

permission to live in it, except as he personally made the concession to him by name. On the other hand he did not allow the Egyptians to be senators in Rome but whereas he made various dispositions as regards the several cities, he commanded the Alexandrians to conduct their government without senators with such capacity for revolution, I suppose, And of the system then imposed did he credit them. ;

;

upon them most details are rigorously preserved at the present time, but they have their senators both in Alexandria, beginning first under the emperor Severus, and also in Rome, these having first been enrolled in the senate in the reign of Severus' son Antoninus. Thus was Egypt enslaved. All the inhabitants who resisted for a time were finally subdued, as, indeed. Heaven very clearly indicated to them For it rained not only water where no beforehand. had fallen previously, but also blood ; and ever drop there were flashes of armour from the clouds as this bloody rain fell from them. Elsewhere there was the clashing of drums and cymbals and the notes of 47

b.c. so

ROMAN HISTORY

DIO'S

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ROMAN HISTORY

oaa^ jSovXovrai Kal iiri

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belongs to others, but a little care suffices to retain is already yours. Moreover, you need not be afraid, either, that you will not live quite safely in that office and enjoy all the blessings which men know, provided that you will consent to administer And do not think that I am it as I shall advise you. shifting the discussion from the subject in hand if I speak to you at considerable length about the office. For of course my purpose in doing this will be, not to hear myself talk, but that you may learn by a strict demonstration that it is both possible and easy, for a man of sense at least, to rule well and without

what

danger. "I maintain, therefore, that you ought first and foremost to choose and select with discrimination the entire senatorial body, inasmuch as some who have fit have, on account of our dissensions, Such of them as possess any become senators. excellence you ought to retain, but the rest you

not been

should erase from the roll. Do not, however, get rid of any good man because of his poverty, but even In the place of give him the money he requires. those who have been dropped introduce the noblest. 121

b.c. 29

ROMAN HISTORY

DIO'S

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:

;

have arms and to practise warfare, they will always be the source of seditions and civil wars. If, however, we prevent them from all making arms their pro-

and afterwards need their aid in war, we be exposed to danger, since we shall never have anything but inexperienced and untrained soldiers to depend upon. For these reasons I give it as my opinion that, while in general the men of military age should have nothing to do with arms and walled camps during their lives, the hardiest of them and those most in need of a livelihood should be enlisted For they as soldiers and given a military training. will fight better if they devote their time to this one fession shall

145

ROMAN HISTORY

DIO'S

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I

BOOK

LIII

handed down from the earliest times, and, in particular, he delivered to Agrippa, his colleague, the bundles of rods as it was incumbent upon him to do, while he himself used the other set,^ and on completing his term of office he took the oath according Whether he ever did this to ancestral custom.^ again, I do not know, for he always paid exceptional honour to Agrippa thus he gave him his niece in marriage, and provided him with a tent similar to his own whenever they were campaigning together, and the watchword was given out by both of them. At this particular time, now, besides attending to his other duties as usual, he completed the taking of the census, in connection with which his title was princeps senatns, as had been the practice when Rome was truly a republic. Moreover, he completed and dedicated the temple of Apollo on the Palatine, the precinct surrounding it, and the ;

He also celebrated in company with Agrippa the festival which had been voted in honour of the victory won at Actium and during this celebration he caused the boys and men of the This nobility to take part in the Circensian games. festival was held for a time every four years and was in charge of the four priesthoods in succession I mean the pontifices, the augurs, and the septemviri and quindecimviri, as they were called. On the present occasion, moreover, a gymnastic contest libraries.

;

—

^

Augustus seems to have used twenty-four lictors until and thereafter twelve, first as consul (until 2,3), then as proconsul (until 19), and later on all occasions. Cf. liv. 10, 5. ^ The customary oath taken by the consuls at the close of their term of office to the effect that they had done nothing contrary to the laws and had acted for the highest interests of. the state. Cf. xxxvii. 38, 2, and xxxviii. 12, 3. 29

B.C.,

195

ROMAN HISTORY

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I

BOOK

LIII

time as a private citizen, in preference to living forever as the occupant of a throne. Indeed, this very choice will bring me renown, that I not only did not deprive another of life in order to win that office, but went so far as even to give up my life in

—

and the man who dares be punished, I am sure, both by Heaven and by you, as happened, methinks, in For he was declared to be the case of my father. the equal of the gods and obtained eternal honours, whereas those who slew him perished, miserable men, by a miserable death. As for immortality, we could not possibly achieve it but by living nobly and by dying nobly we do in a sense gain even this boon. Therefore, I, who already possess the first requisite and hope to possess the second, return to you the armies and the provinces, the revenues and the laws, adding only a few words of suggestion, to the end that you may not be afraid of the magnitude of the business of administration, or of the difficulty of order to avoid being king to slay

me

;

will certainly

;

it and so become discouraged, and that you on the other hand, regard it with contempt, with the idea that it can easily be managed, and thus

handling

may

not,

neglect

it.

yet, after all, I feel no hesitancy about suggesting to you in a summary way what ought to be done in each of the leading departments of And what are these suggestions ? administration. In the first place, guard vigilantly the established laws and change none of them for what remains fixed, even though it be inferior, is more advan-

^^And

;

tageous than what

is always subject to innovations, even though it seem to be superior. Next, pay strict heed to do whatever these laws enjoin upon

213

b.c. 27

ROMAN HISTORY

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229

DIO'S 2

ROMAN HISTORY

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