Методические указания по развитию навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов заочного отделения I-II курсов естественныхфакультетов

Министерство образования Российской Федерации

РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Кафедра английского языка естественных факультетов

Методические указания по развитию навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов заочного отделения I-II курсов естественных факультетов

Ростов-на-Дону 2001г.

2

Составители: ст. преп. Шаблыкина А.Н. ст. преп. Кузнецова Л.В. Рецензент: ст. преп. Николаева И.Н.

3

Методическая записка Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов заочного отделения естественных факультетов университета и состоят из 7 разделов; по темам: «Биография», «Мой день», «Город», «Ростовский университет», «Моя область науки» (Биология, география, геология). Все разделы методических указаний составлены по единой структуре: тематический словарь, тексты, серии упражнений, направленные на выработку и развитие навыков устной речи в пределах тем, установленных программой обучения на ОЗО. Методические указания дают возможность студентам формировать и развивать навыки говорения как в монологической, так и в диалогической форме по обозначенной в программе тематике.

4

I.

My biography

1.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: to be born родиться to come from быть родом из, происходить to bring (brought, brought) up воспитывать to be married быть женатым, замужем to be single быть холостым at the age of в возрасте to leave(left, left) school окончить школу to graduate from окончить высшее учебное учреждение to enter the University поступить в университет to be a first-year student быть первокурсником parents родители grandparents дедушка и бабушка a wife жена a husband муж relatives родственники an uncle дядя an aunt тетя cousins двоюродные (брат, сестра) to go in for (sport) заниматься (спортом) to get interested in заинтересоваться to be fond of увлекаться a favourite subject любимый предмет a nurse медсестра a laboratory asistant лаборант a driver шофер an engineer инженер a minor шахтер a mechanic механик 1.2. Answer the questions: 1. What is your first name (your surname)? 2. Where were you born? 3. When were you born? 4. How old are you? 5. Is your family large? 6. Are you married? 7. Have you got any children? 8. Have you got any sisters or brothers? 9. Have you got any relatives?

5

10. Do you work? Where do you work? 11. When did you enter the University? 12. What are your favourite subjects? 13. What year student are you? 14. What are your hobbies? 1.3. Read and translate the text: My name is Olga Vlasova. I am Russian. I am from Rostov. I am 22. I was born in 1980. Now I am a first-year student of Rostov State University. I study at the correspondence department, the Biology faculty. At the age of seven I went to school. At school I got interested in biology, so I decided to enter the Biology faculty. Besides, I was fond of sport. I went in for tennis and swimming. I was also fond of chess. After leaving school I studied at a Medical college for 3 years. Now I work at a clinic as a laboratory assistant. I enjoy working there. I am married. My husband is 23. He works as a driver. We have a son (a daughter) he (she) is only 2 years old. My son’s (daughter’s) name is … . I have got parents and grandparents. Here are a few words about my family. My father is 55. He is a mechanic and works at the plant. He likes fishing and swimming and he is fond of chess. My mother is 50. She is a doctor and works at a hospital. She is a very busy woman and has a lot of work to do about the house. She likes cooking and we all help her. My grandparents do not work. They have retired from work. They have a small garden. They are fond of gardening and do all kinds of work there. I have many relatives: a brother, an uncle, two aunts and cousins. My brother is 19. He is a student of Don State Technical University. He enjoys studying there. We are all very friendly and love each other. 1.4. Answer the questions: 1. Is your family large? 2. What does your husband do? 3. Have you got a son or a daughter? 4. How old is your son? 5. Is your mother a busy woman? 6. Do your grandparents still work? 7. What are they fond of? 8. What does your brother (sister) do? 1.5. Choose the words from the box to complete the gaps: correspondence, interested, large, cooking, fond, nurse, leaving, friendly, retired

6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

My family is not … . I study at the … department of the University. He got … in geography. My sister is … of swimming. After … school I began to work at the plant. My mother works at a clinic as a … . My grandparents … from work. My grandmother likes … . Our family is very … .

1.6. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A.

Open dialogue: Talk to Ann Hi! My name is Ann. What’s yours? … You are Russian, aren’t you? … Where do you come from? … Where do you study by the way? … Do you enjoy studying there? … Where do you live? … Do you work? Where do you work? … It was nice meeting you. Good bye!

1.7. Ask questions: 1. I left school in 1989. (When…?) 2. My mother likes cooking. (What…?) 3. I work at a hospital. (Where…?) 4. I study at Biology faculty. (What faculty…?) 5. I am fond of chess. (What…?) 6. I am married and have two children. (How many…?) 7. I studied at a medical college for 3 years. (How long…?) 8. My grandparents have a small garden with some fruit-trees. (What kind of…?) 1.8. Speak on the topic: “About myself and my family”.

II.

My day

2.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: switch on включить

7

to make the bed to take a shower it takes me reach last hour a light supper to do gardening Correspondence Department read up for examinations sometimes day off to have a good time library together housework to be keen on something

[Sau«] [ri:tS] [la:st] [au«]

[ @sÃmtaimz]

[ @laibr«ri] [`hauzw«:k]

застилать постель принять душ мне требуется достигать продолжаться, длиться час легкий ужин работать в саду, заниматься садоводством заочное отделение готовиться к экзаменам иногда выходной проводить хорошо время библиотека вместе работа по дому увлекаться чем-либо

2.2. Answer the questions: 1. When do you get up? 2. At what time do you have breakfast? 3. You go to your work after breakfast, don’t you? 4. Is your office far from your house? 5. How do you get to your office? 6. How long does your working day last? 7. You have dinner on coming home, haven’t you? 8. What do you do in the evening? 9. Do you watch TV every evening? 10. Do you often go to the library? 11. At what time do you go to bed? 2.3.

Read and translate the text:

My day Every morning I get up at about seven o’clock. I make my bed, switch on the radio and do my gymnastics to music. Then I go to the bathroom, clean my teeth and take a shower. In half an hour I am ready for breakfast. For breakfast I have orange juice, an egg, two rolls with butter and a cup of tea with lemon. During breakfast I listen to the news over the radio. After breakfast I leave the

8

house and go to the office where I work. As my office is far from my house, I go there by bus. It takes me about 15 minutes to reach the office. I begin my work at 8 o’clock. My working day lasts for seven hours. On coming home I usually have dinner, do some housework and relax. After dinner I take my son (daughter) for a walk. At 7 o’clock we have a light supper. In the evening I like to do a little reading or gardening. Sometimes we watch television or listen to music. We usually go to bed at about 11 o’clock. I am a first-year student of a correspondence department of Rostov State University. At home I have to do my tasks, read up for my examinations. Sometimes I go to the library. Sunday is my day off. We don’t work. We often meet our friends at the week-ends, go to the country and have a very good time together. Sometimes we go to the theater, cinema or to a concert. 2.4. Answer the questions: 1. What do you do before breakfast? 2. How long does it take you to reach your office? 3. At what time do you start working? 4. Are you a student of a Correspondence Department? 5. What year student are you? 6. Do you read up for your exams at home? 7. You have a good time at the week-ends, haven’t you? Do you go to the theatre or to the cinema in your spare time? 8. Are you keen on going to a concert? 9. What is your idea of spending week-ends? 2.5.

Choose words from the box to complete the gaps:

On coming home, by bus, gardening, lasts, switch on, to have a good time, a light supper, over the radio, day off 1. I… … the radio and do my gymnastics to music. 2. During breakfast I listen to the news… … … . 3. As my office is far from my house, I go there… … . 4. My working day… for seven hours. 5. … … … I usually have a dinner, do some housework and relax. 6. At 7 o’clock p.m. we have… … … . 7. In the evening I like to do a little reading or… … . 8. Sunday is my … … . 9. We often meet our friends at the week-ends and … … … … together. 2.6. Open dialogue. Talk to Ann.

9

You: … Ann: Hello! You: … … … Ann: To tell the truth, I am busy now. You: … Ann: You see, I am not so keen on going to the cinema. And besides, I am short of time. You: … … Ann: After breakfast I leave my house and go to my office. You: … … Ann: My working day lasts seven hours. You: … … Ann: In the evening we watch TV or listen to music. We usually go to bed at 11 o’clock. You: …. Ann: See you soon. Good-bye. 2.7. Ask questions: 1. Every morning I get up at about 7 o’clock. (When…?) 2. I leave my house and go to the office where I work. (Where…?) 3. My office is far from my house. (Is…?) 4. It takes me 15 minutes to reach the office. (How long…?) 5. At 7 o’clock we have a light supper. (At what time…?) 6. In the evening I like to do a little reading or gardening. ( What…?) 7. We usually go to bed at about 11 o’clock. (When…?) 8. I study at the Correspondence Department. (What Department…?) 2.8.

Speak on the topic: “My Day”.

3. Rostov-on-Don 3.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: to be founded быть основанным a custom house таможня a fortress крепость enemy [`enimi] враг, неприятель to defend защищать, оборонять in honour of [`n«] в честь… saint [seint] святой emperor [`emp(«)r«] император add [Qd] прибавлять, присоединять to distinguish [dis`tiNgwiS] различать, отличать

10

ancient to grow to turn into

[`einS(«)nt] [t«:n]

a railway junction

[`dZÃnkS(«)n]

twice destroy

[twais] [dis`tri]

restore

[re`st:]

citizen branch educational establishment conservatory circus

[`sitizn] [bra:ntS] [k«n`s«:v«tri] [`s«:k«s]

древний, старинный быстро расти превращаться в железнодорожный узел дважды уничтожать, разрушать восстанавливать, реставрировать гражданин ветвь, отрасль учебное заведение консерватория цирк

3.2. Answer the questions: 1. Where do you live? 2. Is Rostov your hometown? 3. Where do you come from? 4. Is your hometown large? 5. Where is your hometown situated? 6. In what part of the country is it? 7. Is it situated on a river? 8. What is the population of your hometown? 9. Is it a young town (city)? 10. What is your city (town) famous for? 3.3. Read and translate the text:

Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don is a young city. It was founded in December 1749. That year a customhouse was built at the Temernik river. 12 years later a fortress was built to defend the town from enemies. The famous Russian general Suvorov visited the fortress in 1788. In honour of this visit, one of the streets of Rostov is called Suvorov Street. A city grew around the fort and it was named after the Russian Saint Dmitry Rostovsky. In 1806 Emperor Alexander added “on-Don” to the city’s name to distinguish it from another ancient town Rostov located not far from Moscow. There were only 12 streets in Rostov at that time and the population was about 2000 people. The city grew rapidly and turned into a large trading center, a big railway junction and a port of 5 seas.

11

During the Great Patriotic War Rostov was twice occupied by fascists. They destroyed most of the city buildings. After the war Rostov was restored by the citizens. At present, Rostov-on-Don is a large industrial center of many plants and factories. Many branches are being developed here: heavy industry, light industry and others. There are many educational establishments here: Rostov State University, Don State Technical University and some others. Our city is also a cultural center. There are 4 theatres here: the Gorky Drama Theatre, Musical Theatre, etc. There is also a conservatory, a circus, several museums and stadiums. Rostov-on-Don is a very green city with beautiful squares, parks, bridges and historical monuments. 3.4. Answer the questions: 1. When was Rostov founded? 2. When was a fortress built? 3. Who visited the fortress in 1788? 4. Why was the city named “Rostov”? 5. Was Rostov a large city at that time? 6. What about the population of Rostov at that time? 7. Is Rostov an industrial centre? 8. Now many people live in Rostov now? 9. What is the main street of the city? 10. Are there many educational establishments here? 11. Is Rostov-on-Don a cultural centre? 12. What places of interest do you know in Rostov? 3.5. Choose words from the box to complete the gaps: Circus, railway, rapidly, famous, right, is called, centre, saint, industrial 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The…Russian General Suvorov visited the fortress in 1788. In honour of this visit, one of the streets of Rostov… …Suvorov Street. The city grew… . Rostov is situated on the…bank of the river Don. Rostov-on-Don is a big…centre of many plants and factories. Rostov-on-Don is a…junction and major river port. Rostov is a large… of science and culture. The Rostov…is famous all over the country. The city was named after the Russian…Dmitry Rostovsky.

3.6. Open dialogue.

12

Talk to Ann. Ann: Hello! You: … … … Ann: Where are you from? You: … … … Ann: I am a Rostovite. What do you think of Rostov? You: … … … Ann: It’s my home town, of course. I think it’s a bit depressing in winter, but it’s nice in spring and summer. Do you like sightseeing? You: … … … Ann: I see. I must go now. See you soon. Bye! You: … … … 3.7. Ask questions: 1. In December 15, 1749 a customhouse was built on the Temernik river. (When…?) 2. The fortresss was one of the main military bases of the Russian Army on the Azov coast. (What… ?) 3. The population of Rostov at that time was about 2000 people. (What…?) 4. People of all nations lived there, but Russians and Armenians dominated. (What nations…?) 5. During World War II, Rostov was twice occupied by fascists. (How many times…?) 6. They destroyed most of the city buildings. (How many buildings…?) 7. Soon the inhabitants of the city restored a lot of buildings. (Who… … …?) 8. Many branches are being developed in Rostov: heavy industry, light industry, chemistry industry and others. (What branches… … …?) 3.8. Speak on the topic “Rostov-on-Don”.

4. Rostov State University 4.1. Read and learn the following words and word-combinations: higher education [hai«] высшее образование higher educational высшее учебное establishment заведение to found основывать to transfer перемещать, переводиить a faculty факультет a department отделение correspondence заочное отделение

13

department to last to divide a term (semester) preliminary test final exams to submit a graduation paper to take an exam to pass an exam to fail in the exam foreign languages to attend lectures special subjects

[di`vaid] [pri`limin«ri] [fain«l] [sÃb`mit]

[`f:riN`lQNgwidZiz] [speS«l]

social sciences

[`souS«l]

a research center

[ri`s«:tS]

to graduate from graduate(s) to receive a diploma of higher education a first-year student

[ri`si:v] [di`ploum«]

длиться делить, разделять семестр текущие зачеты выпускные экзамены представить дипломную работу сдавать экзамены сдать экзамен не сдать экзамены (провалить) иностранные языки посещать лекции специальные предметы общественные науки (дисциплины) научноисследоватедьский институт закончить вуз выпускник(и) вуза получать диплом высшего образования студент первого курса

4.8. Answer the questions: 1. Where do you study? 2. What department do you study at? 3. You are a second-year student, aren’t you? 4. You study at the Biology faculty, don’t you? 5. What special subjects do you study at your faculty? 6. What subjects do you have practical classes in? 7. How many examinations are you to take this session? 8. Have you passed all your exams well? 9. Have you failed in any exam? 10. Do you attend all lectures during the session? 11. Do you combine work and study? 4.9.

Read and translate the text:

14

Rostov State University is the largest and best higher educational establishment in southern Russia. Its history begins in 1869 when the Russian University was founded in Warsaw and then was transferred to Rostov in 1915. Now there are 13 faculties at the University. They are the Economics Faculty, the Law Faculty, the Chemistry faculty, the Biology Faculty, the History faculty, Geology-geography faculty and others. The University has 3 departments: the day department, evening department and correspondence department. The course of studies lasts 4-6 academic years in the day department and 6 years in the evening and correspondence departments. The academic year is divided into 2 terms (semesters). At the end of each semester students take preliminary tests and semester exams. Final exams are taken at the end of the course of studies. During examination sessions the students have lectures, seminars and practical and laboratory classes. The students have to submit their graduation papers at the end of the course of studies. The students study special subjects, social and natural sciences and foreign languages. They have their practical training in some research cetres, in the Botanical Garden, in laboratories and at schools. After graduating from the University the graduates of the correspondence department receive Diplomas of higher education. 4.10. Answer the questions: 1. When does the history of Rostov State University begin? 2. When was the University transferred to Rostov? 3. How old is Rostov State University? 4. How many faculties are there at the University? 5. What departments are there at the University? 6. How long does the course of studies last? 7. How many semesters is the academic year divided into? 8. When are semester exams taken? 9. When do students take final exams? 10. Do the students submit graduation papers? 11. What subjects do the students study at your faculty? 12. What do the students have during examination sessions? 13. What do the graduates of correspondence department receive? 4.11. Choose words from the box to complete the gaps: Correspondence, is divided, preliminary, to submit, final, was founded, departments, receive, was transferred 1. 2. 3. 4.

The Russian University…in Warsaw in 1869. The University…to Rostov in 1915. The University has three… . I study at the…department.

15

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The academic year…into 2 semesters. At the end of each term students take…tests. …exams are taken at the end of the course of studies. I have to…my graduation paper at the end of the course of studies. After six years of studies I shall … a Diploma of higher education.

4.12. Open dialogue. Talk to Ann. A. I study at Rostov State University. And you? B. … A. What faculty do you study at? B. … A. What subjects do you study at your faculty? B. … A. What is your field of science? B. … A. Do you like studying here? B. … A. What are your favourite subjects? B. … A. What will you receive after graduating from the University? B. … 4.13. Ask questions: 1. I entered the University in 1997. (When…?) 2. I am a second-year student. (What year student…?) 3. There are 13 faculties at the University. (How many…?) 4. I study at the correspondence department. (What department…?) 5. I shall study 6 years at the correspondence department. (How long…?) 6. During examination sessions we attend lectures, seminars and practicals. (What…?) 7. I shall graduate from the University in 2003. (When…?) 4.14. Speak on the topic: “Rostov State University”.

5. My field of science. Biology. 5.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: science [sains] наука biology [bai`l«dZi] биология biologist биолог to deal with [di:l] заниматься

чем-либо,

16

environment to bind (bound) broad a division a branch to classify related organisms gene genetics genus species phylum subdivision to make a great contribution to develop to increase to obtain enzymes a discovery value mankind a field of science a department at the faculty

[in`vai«r«nm«nt] [baind] [di`viZn] [`klQsifai] [dZi:n] [dZi:`n«tiks] [`dZi:n«s] [spi:S«s] [fail«m]

[in`kri:z] [«b`tein] [ `enzaim] [`vQlju:]

изучать окружающая среда связывать широкий раздел отрасль (науки) классифицировать родственные организмы ген генетика род вид раздел подразделение внести большой вклад в … развивать увеличивать получать ферменты открытие цена, ценность человечество область науки кафедра на факультете

5.8. Answer the questions: 1. What is your field of science? 2. Why have you chosen biology as your field of science? 3. When have you got interested in biology? 4. Do you think that biology is a very broad science? 5. Is biology a very old science? 6. Can you say that classification of living things is an important question for biologists? 7. What do you study in biology? 8. Do you know what contribution biologists have made to science? 5.9.

Read and translate:

Text A My speciality is biology. It the science of life. Biology studies all kinds of living organisms and living systems. It deals with their nature, reproduction, classification and their place in the environment. Biology is bound closely with

17

many sciences such as physics, chemistry, geology, agriculture, medicine and many others. Biology is a very broad science. There are many subdivisions of biology. There are two principal divisions in it: botany which deals with plants and zoology which deals with animals. They are old branches of biology, and there are many other branches such as genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, microbiology, ecology, cytology and others. Some branches are new, such as gene engineering, space biology, molecular biology, cytology. Classification of living things is a very important question for biologists. The first scientist who tried to classify all living things was Aristotle. Karl Linneus grouped related organisms into 1. phylum, 2. class, 3. order, 4. family, 5. genus, 6. species. This classificatory system is still used with some modifications. Biologists have made a great contribution to science: they have developed new and better varieties of plants and animals, increased our food supply, they control many diseases, they obtained various active substances such as enzymes, vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, amino-acids and also protein for human and animal consumption. Biologists study the secrets of living things and their discoveries are of great value to all mankind.

Text B Biology Faculty I am a student of the Biology Faculty. Our faculty is one of the largest and one of the oldest in the University. The faculty was founded in 1934. We study different subjects: Botany, Zoology, Anatomy, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Genetics and others. Besides these special subjects we also study social sciences and English. During the first two years students also attend lectures in mathematics, physics, chemistry. In the third year narrower specialization begins. Students have specialized courses, practical and research work in the subject they have chosen as their future speciality. The students of correspondence department have two fields of science at the faculty: biology and ecology. There are many departments at the faculty: the department of Botany, the department of Zoology, the department of Biochemistry, the department of Physiology of man and Animal, the department of Ecology, the department of Soil Science and others. There are research laboratories and museums at the faculty where students work and study. My field of science is …(Biology or Ecology). Graduates of the Biology Faculty work at research laboratories, institutes, schools, hospitals, health centers and environmental centers; etc. 5.10. Answer the questions: Text A

18

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

What is your speciality? What does biology study? What subdivisions of biology do you know? What are two oldest and principal divisions of biology? What new branches of biology do you know? How did Karl Linneus group related organisms? Is his system of classification still used by biologists? What contribution did biologists make to science? What are their most important discoveries?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Text B When was the Biology faculty founded? What subjects do you study at your faculty? What do students attend during their sessions? What fields of science have the students of correspondence department? What is your field of science? What departments are there at the faculty? Where do graduates of the Biology faculty work?

5.11. Choose words from the box to complete the gaps: branches, great value, ecology, was founded, deals with, subdivisions, is bound, contribution, departments 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Biology…all kinds of living systems. Biology…closely with many sciences. There are many…of biology. The oldest… of biology are botany and zoology. Biologists have made a great…to science. Biologists’ discoveries are of…to all mankind. Biology faculty…in 1934. There are many…at the faculty. My field of science is… .

5.6. Open dialogue. Talk to Ann. A. Hello, B. What are you doing here? B. … A. How long have you been studying at Rostov State University? B. … A. What subdivisions of biology do you know? B. … A. Is classification of living things a very important question for biologists? B. …

19

A. What field of biology have you chosen for your speciality? B. … A. Where do graduates of Biology faculty work and where would you like to work? B. … 5.7. Ask questions: 1. I enjoy studying biology. (Why…?) 2. Biology has many subdivisions. (What subdivisions…?) 3. I have chosen ecology as my future speciality. (What…?) 4. The biology faculty is one of the largest and one of the oldest in the University; it was founded in 1934. (When…?) 5. I study many subjects at the Biology faculty. (What subjects…?) 6. After graduating I’d like to work at a research laboratory. (Where…?) 5.8. Speak on the topic: ”My field of science”.

6. Geology 6.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: to connect связывать, соединять rock порода Earth [«:T] земля, земной шар, суша igneous [`igni«s] изверженный, вулканического происхождения represent [repri`zent] представлять, изображать relation отношение, соотношение, связь profound [pr«`faund] глубокий, полный crumble [`krÃmbl] разрушаться, рушиться sedimentary [`sedi`ment(«)ri] осадочный remains остатки, следы прошлого arrangement [«`reindZment] расположение to deal with иметь дело, ведать occurence [«`kÃr«ns] месторождение, залегание recently [`ri:sntli] недавно field work полевая практика

20

reveal

[ri`vi:l]

determine exploit hydrogeology survey

обнаруживать, открывать [di`t«:min] определять, устанавливать [iks`plit] разрабатывать (месторождение) [`haidrdZi`l«dZi] гидрогеология [`s«:vei] съемка

6.2. Answer the questions: 1. What faculty do you study? 2. What departments are there at your faculty? 3. What is your field of science? 4. Why have you chosen geology as your field of science? 5. When did you get interested in geology? 6. Is geology a broad science? 7. What are the branches of geology? 8. Is there a museum at your faculty? 9. What exhibits does it offer? 10. Where would you like to work after graduating from the University? 6.3.

Read and translate the text:

Geology Geology is one of the most important natural sciences. It is the science of the earth and all things connected with it: the Earth in the Solar System, Earth materials, Earth processes, etc. The study of geology has established the fact that the face of the earth and the life upon it, represent a single phase of a long history which has involved profound changes. Geology studies rocks and minerals, their relations to each other, water and its effect upon the rocks, the atmosphere and its reactions with rocks. For millions of years rocks at and near the surface of the earth have been crumbling under the weather. The science of geology is divided into several branches: petrology, mineralogy, paleontology, structural geology, historical geology, economic geology and other areas. Petrology deals with metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks, by studying their composition, structure and texture. Paleontology is the study of the remains of ancient life that are found in rocks. Structural geology studies the arrangement of rocks and their relation to each other. Historical geology deals with the past history of earth and with the relations of rock formations to each other.

21

Economic geology studies the occurence, origin and the distribution of the materials of the earth. New branches of geology such as geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, “marine” geology have been developed recently. They have great practical importance for our country’s national economy. They help geologists determine and exploit mineral and power resources of our country. At the University students study all these subjects and it helps them in their research. The Department of Geology trains students in the following majors: geology, hydrogeology and engineering geology, oil and gas geology, geological ecology, geologic survey and mineral resources prospecting. 6.4. Answer the questions: 1. What is your major? 2. Is geology one of the most important natural sciences? 3. Is it the science of the Earth? 4. What does geology study? 5. What branches is geology divided into? 6. What does petrology deal with? 7. What do you know about paleontology? 8. What does structural geology study? 9. Historical geology deals with the past history of the Earth, doesn’t it? 10. What new branches of geology do you know? 11. They have practical importance for our country’s national economy, haven’t they? 6.5.

Choose words from the box to complete the gaps:

Economy, subjects, field, rocks, materials, samples, the earth, deal(s) with 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Geology studies… … in the Solar System. Geology investigates the atmosphere and its reactions with… . Historical geology… … the record of events revealed in rocks. Economic geology studies the origin and the distribution of the… of the earth. New branches of geology have practical importance for our country’s national… . 6. At the University students study all these…and it helps them in their research. 7. In summer, when doing field work, students collect…of rocks, minerals and soils. 8. After the…work they return to the base to analyse the collected material. 6.6.

Open dialogue. Talk to Ann.

22

Ann: Hi! You: … Ann: Where are you going? You: … … … Ann: Where do you study? You: … … Ann: What faculty do you study at? You: … ... … Ann: So, to become a geologist is the dream of your life. That’s nice. You: … … … . Ann: It was nice meeting you. Bye! You: … … . 6.7. Ask questions: 1. The science of geology is divided into several branches. (In what way ...?) 2. Petrology studies mineralogical composition, structure and texture of rocks. (What…?) 3. Economic geology includes the study of metals, oil, coal and gas deposits. (What branch of geology…?) 4. New branches of geology help people determine and exploit enormous mineral and power resources of our country. (Whom…?) 5. At the University students study all these subjects and it helps them in their research. (How…?) 6. Students collect samples of rocks and minerals in order to make topographic surveys. (What…for?) 7. Students write reports on the results of their work. (Who…?) 8. I study many subjects at the Geology Department. (What subjects...?) 6.8.

Speak on the topic: “Geology”.

VII. Geography 7.1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations: aim [eim] цель, намерение fundamentals [`fÃnd«`mentlz] основа variety [v«`rai«ti] ряд, множество, разнообразие establish [is`tQbliS] основывать, создавать unique [ju:`ni:k] единственный в своем роде, уникальный continually expanding [iks`pQndiN] постоянно расширяющийся encompass [in`kÃmp«s] включать to be of particular value [p«`tikjul« `vQlju:] иметь особое значение

23

etc. Recreation Geography the earth’s crust basin soil pollution sediment

[it`setr«] [`krÃst] [beisn] [soil] [p«`lu:S(«)n] [`sedim«nt]

population distribution domestic

[d«`mestik]

foreign resource

[`frin] [ri`s:s]

recreation major

[`rekri`eiS«n] [`meidZ«]

offer within approach

[`f«] [wi`Din] [«`proutS]

data

[`deit«]

и так далее, и прочее география туризма земная кора бассейн, водоем почва загрязнение отложение, осадок, осадочная порода распределение, распространение населения отечественный, внутренний внешний, зарубежный (зд.) способ времяпрепровождения, развлечение, возможность развлечение, отдых (амер.) профилирующая дисциплина предлагать в, в пределах подход, подступ, приближение данные, сведения

7.2. Answer the questions: 1. What is your field of science? 2. Why have you chosen geography as your field of science? 3. When did you get interested in geography? 4. You study at the Geography Department, don’t you? 5. What is the aim of the Geography Department? 6. What do the students of the Geography Department study? 7. Is Geography a long established and important academic discipline? 8. Does Geography encompass many other disciplines? 9. Geography is of particular value to students in various fields, isn’t it? 10. What branches of Geography do you know? 7.3.

Read and translate the text:

24

Geography The aim of the Geography Department is to educate students to become professionals. Students combine the fundamentals of geography with a variety of courses in the arts and sciences. Geography is a long established and important academic discipline. It has its own unique field of interest, philosophy, methodology and continually expanding research frontier. Geography encompasses many other disciplines. So it is of particular value to students in various fields, including economics, sociology, etc. Students may choose an area of concentration from the following: Physical geography, Ecology, Economic Geography, General Geography and Recreation Geography. Physical Geography deals with the problems of the earth’s crust, water basins (lakes, rivers, seas, oceans), soils and natural resourses. Ecology is concerned with a lot of problems: air and water pollution, climatic change, the problems of sedimentology in seas and oceans. Economic Geography focuses on the study of population distribution, change and migration. It also investigates the problems of domestic and foreign economy. General Geography studies the relief, its change under the influence of human activity, climate. Recreation Geography is concerned with tourism, its history and recreational resources. All these majors are offered within the Geography Department. Specialised techniques and approaches in the Geography Department include problemoriented thinking, data collection theory, map analysis and design. 7.4. Answer the questions: 1. What is your major? 2. Do students study the fundamentals of geography at your faculty? 3. From what branches of Geography may students choose? 4. What does Physical Geography deal with? 5. What is Ecology concerned with? 6. Are the problems of Ecology important for everybody? 7. Economic Geography focuses on the study of population distribution, doesn’t it? 8. What other problems does it investigate? 9. What does General Geography study? 10. Recreation Geography is concerned with tourism, isn’t it? 11. All these majors are offered within the Geography Department, aren’t they? 7.5.

Choose words from the box to complete the gaps:

25

Encompasses, climatic, relief, fundamentals, Geography, established, earth’s, economic 1. The aim of the…Department is to educate students to become professionals. 2. Students combine the…of geography with a variety of courses in the arts and sciences. 3. Geography is a long…and important academic discipline. 4. Geography… many other disciplines. 5. Physical geography deals with the problems of the…crust. 6. Ecology is concerned with air and water pollution, … change. 7. …Geography focuses on the study of population distribution. 8. General Geography studies the… and climate. 7.6.

Open dialogue. Talk to Ann. Ann: Hello! You: … … Ann: How are you? You: … … Ann: Are you taking your exams now? You: … … Ann: What Department do you study at? You: … … Ann: What subjects do you study there? You: … … Ann: What major may students choose? You: … … Ann: I see. What does Physical Geography deal with? You: … … Ann: What is Ecology concerned with? You: … … Ann: I think, it’s rather interesting to study there. Good luck! You: … 7.7. Ask questions: 1. Geographers consider the human, scientific and economic aspects of societal problems. (What aspects…?) 2. Geography is an important academic discipline. (Is…?) 3. Geography is of particular value to students in various fields. (To whom…?) 4. Students may choose a major from the following: Physical Geography, Ecology, Economic Geography, etc. (May..?) 5. Physical Geography also studies coastal areas. (What…?)

26

6. Ecology is concerned with a great number of problems. (Is…?) 7. Economic geography also investigates the problems of domestic and foreign economy. (What problems…?) 8. Recreation geography is concerned with tourism and its history. (What branch…?) 7.8. Speak on the topic: ”Geography”.