Dictionary of the Amharic language

K?ggM®

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

.

GIVEN FOUNDATION BOOK FUND In

Memory of

JOHN LA PORTE GIVEN CLASS OF 1896

Library Cornell University

PJ 9237.E7178 1972 Dictionary

1

pl.,.the.Atnharic,lan3^a^^^^^

481 3 1924 026 888

•«-"

'M

Cornell University Library ^=^

The

original of this

book

is in

the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright

restrictions in

the United States on the use of the

text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026888481

/

This is an authorized facsimile of the original book, and was produced in 1972 by microfilm-xerography by University Microfilms, A Xerox Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

DICTIONARY OF THE

AMHARIC LANGUAGE. IN TWO PARTS.

A*MHARIC AND ENGLISH, AND

ENGLISH AND AMHARIC.

BV THE

REV.

CHARLES WILLIAM ISENBERG, MISSIONARY OF THE CH0RCH MISSIONARY POCIFTY

IN EAST AFRICA.

LONDON; PRINTED FOR

THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SALISBURY SQUARE.

I84L

SOCIET\',

1237

£1

/

:

LONDON

TEMPLE BAK. RICHARD WATTS. CROWW COURT,

PREFACE.

needs no appearance of a new Dictionary of the Amharic Language " Lexicon The only work of this kind hitherto published, is Ludolf 's apology.

The

That distingtdshed

Amharico-Latinum," Frankfort, 1698.

scholar, eminent for

from a confused mass of materials produced been said by a " History of Abyssinia," which forms the basis of all that has He also composed an subsequent writers on the affairs of that country.

his piety as well as for his learning,

Grammar and Lexicon. Abba Gregorius, a native

excellent Ethiopic the assistance of

He

subsequently availed himself of

of ]Mal:ana-Selasse, in

a short time resided with him at the Court of Pious, of Saxe

Language.

and

Gotha— to

The

religious

prepare a

Duke

Grammar and

Ernest,

of Abyssinia.

surnamed the

way

for the civil

Considering the scanty means which

he had for acquiring a knowledge of the Amharic Language*, how much Ludolf accomplished in his two Amharic works. prising that they are far inferior to

for

a Lexicon of the Amharic

object of this last \vork was, to prepare the

improvement

—who

Shoa

his Ethiopic works, for

it is

It

is

surprising Jiot

sur-

which he had

ampler materials.

The Amharic Abyssinian monk, his

name from a

Translation of the whole Bible, executed in

Abu

Rvmii, or

—

Egypt by an

as the author of this Dictionary received

personal acquaintance of his, Dabtera Matteos

—-Abi

Ruhli,

a native of Godjam, which was revised and published by the British and Foreign Bible Society, furnished a more valuable source for the study of the

Amharic Language. * His Teacher was the before-mentioned monk, Abba Gregorius, who had no idea of any matical rules of a langiiap:c

;

and who possessed, as the only

literary source for

^am-

Ludolf s Lexicon, a

small Vocabulary of the most necessary words and expressions for daily intercourse, in Italian and

Amharic.

PR K FACE.

iv

The want

Grammar and

good

a

of

Dictionary, however, v,as deeply

by the Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, the Abyssinians.

witli

years'

the author of this

Still

stay in Tigre, from 1835

Dictionary;

their

in

work did

felt

intercourse

during a three

not,

1838, think of collecting materials for a

to

being his conviction, that a longer residence in the country,

it

and the publication of the Bible

Society's edition of the Arnharic Scriptures,

which had not then taken place, would better qualify him, or any of brethren,

for

execution

the

sudden and unexpected breaking-up of

the

Rev.

his fellow-labourer, the

fid the

Red

Sea, he

after

Tigre Mission, he,

witli

J. L. Krapf, left Eo;j'|)t, for Rhoa, in

was so impressed

witli the necessity

January 1839,

of collecting materials

a Dictionary, that he resolved to begin with this work while on their journey,

for

and

to

employ upon

it all

the leisure hours which that long journey afforded

His plan was, while on the journey,

him.

that period,

New

Shoa,

;

The

nature of the journey, however

and, after their arrival

in

to

enter Shoa by a road liitherto

to

carry a large library Avith

stances and situations

much

which such a work required. wind and water;

—

by the

November

1839.

to

the Pentateuch,

—being

the

first

attempt of Europeans

did not allow the Missionaries

nor were the great variety of circum-

;

deep study, or for the quiet thought

suited

for

At

they had to encounter the unruly motions

sea,

by

land, the heat of a scorching sun,

with

bustles

AH,

uncivilised

therefore,

that

natives,

and

various

author could do,

the

who accomwrite it down

assistance of a well-informed Abyssinian

German, and

The same plan was

i.e.

up

words from the Natives.

panied them, secured the true signification of each word in short notes in

;

vrhat,

—

them

circumstances.

after having,

Scrijituros

collect

to

unknown

their journey

constant

privations,

other unpleasant

was

—on

whole of

Testament, and to put down eveiy word contained in

them

various

to read the

had been published of the Amharic

the Psalms, and the

of

their

his

But when,

an important work.

of such

to

mark

—

the Biblical passage

to

where

it

occurs.

followed during the author's stay in Shoa, from June to

When

he came b

i,ck

to

England,

in

order to ask

the

consent of the Committee of the Church Missionary Society to his

carrying

and several other Amharic works, D. Coates,

Esq., the

through the press Secretary,

put

this

into

his

hands

an

Amharic Vocabulary, composed by the

;

PREFACE.

^'

Blumhardt

author's late fellow-labourer in the Tigre Mission, the Rev. C. H.

who had been removed,

after

the unfortunate breaking-up

to the Society's Station at Krishnaghur, in

begun that Vocabulary

the greatest assiduity, continued in

from whence he sent

To

it

to

London,

composition

its

in 1839, to the disposal of the

In the

On

they are generally

:

marked with the

;

the author's arrival in London, he

with a copy of

him

to

by the

it

Committee.

had the

satisfaction

British and Foreign Bible

The most

BI.

German and

into English, to give each

show

to

its

:

fit

work

the

common

life.

for the author

as possible

To

was begun.

was put

This enabled

—had

if

to press.

for the press, to translate significations attached

This was done, while the work went

—whose

connexion with the Church Missioto

shorten his stay in Europe

not time to finish the work, before the printing

this circumstance,

have been obviated,

and was favoured

Society.

word the various

nary Society's Mission in Shoa obliged him

much

find that the

uses in conversation, by quoting instances, either from

the Scriptures or from

through the press

*,

to

necessary thing, the collection, being thus

completed, he was obliged, in order to

it,

initials

lie

remaining words of those Biblical Books which he had

collect the

not seen previously.

it

at Malta,

and the Arabic words on Golius' authority, Gol.

whole of the Amharic Old Testament had been printed

as

it

same way, the author has marked those words vrhich he gathered

from Ludolf s Lexicon, Lud.

to

and, with

;

the perusal of that Vocabulary the author owes several words which

himself had not collected

the

Adoa

and finished

;

Mission,

Mr. Blumhardt had

North India.

soon after his arrival at

a. d. 1837,

of that

some

defects are ascribable,

proper time had been allowed for

The

its

which would

completion, before

author especially refers to the want of illustrative

instances in the Second Part, and to the arrangement, in the First, of verbal

derivations if

:

the latter of which

would have been, in some

instances, different,

he had been able to postpone the printing of the Dictionary, until the

Grammar,

in

the

for the author has, in his present

some

now engaged, was finished occupation with the Grammar, discovered

composition of which he

peculiarities in the verbs,

* In Januan'

is

:

of which he was

last,

(he-whole Bible

left

not yet aware

the press.

when

the

PREFACE.

vi

Dictionary was printing. Hiis

While, therefore, he aimed at the perfection of

work, the anthor was obliged to submit to the necessity of rendering

as perfect as circumstances

Among

would

allow.

the quotations from Scripture, there occur a few which are

with asterisks

it

marked

these refer to such passages in the First Edition of the New-

:

Testament or the Psalms Mhich have been altered in the Second or Revised

when

Edition,

quoted passages in the wrong

The

if

every respect.

As

also for the

They

of this

Amharic

work does honour type, that

intending the printing of the Amharic Bible.

been used in Ethiopic Literature

Gospel appointed

Language

is

for,

this

It is the best

Dictionary

to

is,

by

was super-

type which has ever it

in

the

the Missionaries of the

those countries in which the

in

cast

it.

assist

Amharic

spoken, in preparing themselves for their work, and in carrpng It

is,

of an increasing interest

at

the same

among

time, intended

work may,

in

some measure, contribute

ledge of Semitic Languages in general

;

to

it

meet the

the Christian Public, in the Civil

and Religious welfare of the Abyssinian Nation. this

latter

and the Abyssinians, who saw

;

and labouring

on in Abyssinian Schools.

demands

Mr. Watts, in

to

had been previously

Pentateuch and the Psalms, were much pleased with of

is

however, of rare occurrence.

are,

him, under the directions of T. P. Piatt, Esq., while the

object

student

he should be disappointed in looking for the

edition.

tj'pographical execution

The next

The

the printing of the whole Bible was completed.

requested to bear this in mind,

to the

and that

it

Lastly,

it

is

hoped that

advancement of the know-

may become

the

means of

facilitating the study of other African Languages; of which some elements, the

author believes, have mixed with the Amharic

Amharic

and of others, into which the

enters to a greater or lesser extent.

The author begs Church

;

to

express his sincere thanks to the Committee

Missionary Society, for

ration of this and

He would

tlie

him

assistance rendered to

of the

in the prepa-

several other works for the use of the East-Africa Mission.

take this opportunity to

sa;,,

that the longer

with this Society, the more he finds reason to thank

he

God

is

for

in connexion

having placed

!

him

in their service

Spirit

—the more he

'^'"

'

PREFACE.

May

honours, the more he loves them. so abundantly

and the blessing of God, which has hitherto

been upon

them, and so signally crowned their labom-s at home and abroad in of the world, cont'nue with

overcome

all

;

and

faithfully to

discharge their duties, to the

glory of God, and to the building up of His Church

among

funds—which

for the present distressing state of their

parts

all

enabling them to

them, constantly increasing;

their difficulties

the

the nations

!

As

the author especially

prevent them from giving their East-African Mission that succour which he could wish ^lie trusts that He, whose is " both regrets, because

he

fears it

the silver and gold," and

may

—

who has commanded

us to pray " the

Lord

of the

Harvest to send Labourers into His harvest," will inspire the members of the Society with an abundant measure of love and zeal, so as to willingly with their substance, to assist the

Committee

to

come forward

go on with renewed

vigour in their course. In

now taking

the indulgence

leave cf this his

of the

humble

Reader: and

to

Almighty, the promotion of whose glory

a means,

offspring, the author

protection

the is

its

final

commends

May He

object.

to enable the Abyssinians, as well as their Teachers, to

their tongue the wonderful

works of God;

it to

and blessing of the render

it

proclaim in

and a channel for convejdng the

salutary influences of Evangelical Doctrine and of Christian Civilization, from

enlightened Europe, over benighted Abyssinia

C. London,

Oct. 1841.

W. ISENBERG.

NOTICE TO THE BINDER.

The

Alp'iabetlcal Table

is

/

here to be inserted, immediately facing the Dictionary.

,

OUDHRof tlio VOWllLS.

VOWELS

POWER

of

Ethiopic

names

tlie

.

.S7itrr^.

a, or a,

111. ir;:

11. >s:i

«;'.

\.

a.v i?i

cat

00, or u,

f/.v

in full,

put

'i

«.»

in pin, finger

NOMERICAl, ouniiK

of

Vowkls "lOli

i

Gcez

{original)

Irifj-n: kilcb (altered, second)

W|Afl:

of Ihc

LETTEllS

NAMES

of Letters

1.

Sli

Hoi

2.

E::

Lawi

3.

cii

Hd^t

4.

u;:

5. iE:;

6.

s;:

VOWEll

of Letters

rt'~T~H

U:

ha

Ih:

hu,

L

A:

la

A-:

lu,

ha

fh-:

M

MtVi

D

aaut

u»

R

Re-es

..loo .

hoo

.

uioo

3

uo: ma S

hoo

or

niu 3

UJ:

sa ra

«^:

U^:

su

: all of you;

:

s.

U^Ctl: I

a certain plant mentioned Hos. a.

pi.

KV6.tl-- Ar.

J.ji

pi.

iv. 13.

^^]^]

"

:

:

U'ti:!t"J°-

Hd.'i'XiL--

women."

" food for lying-in

See

(

Isa.

20.

iii.

where the translator has used only Arabic words. ^d.'i'X^' ^ 9'^een, and sometimes confounded with rtonj^*^: "light blue," "azure." Ud,H s- wwf, made of straw) but more gene'•

rally of reeds.

UlT[Orq:

short-legged animal, resembling a pig in the

formation of

head and the nature of

its

skin.

It is said

which

it

its

to live chiefly on dead bodies,

digs out

from burial-grounds.

:

s.

M^'fl

nom.

.UnH:

It is often

So U•fS:^gn: properly

Viyo:

"ventrosus,"

Amh.

PA.-"!*

:

jilsi. :

Tlie ancient

name,

?i.'l'P'R.y: Ethiopia, is only occasionally used among the learned. For the significa-

and their orthography Ludolf s Comment

letters, see

in Hist. Ethiop.

Pa).&T:

,

iJ^

U-nh

collection. :

Hosea

L_^i ^^^

:

CDU n is

:

gift,

Ar.

present.

iii.

cluster

(_-^

Tigr. U'fl 1^

" to give."

and condition of a person ^U-l: "may it be.'" "Let

Gen.i.

3.

instead

of

•1-U''?A?'Atl 1 Sam.

1.

of

::

from

In Amharic,

it

used chiefly in composing proper Christian

tm-M^iKf^"^: IhT:

m^: "that f am

"6e(or

to become,"' v. 22,

" it will

not be proper

HC^:

me."

JKIl-'i^: instead of ^U"let him be slave," Gen. xliv. 17.

my

'JA^: »^.^: Wk : as it happened. and : "if it (he &c.) is,"" and merely " ?^." Tliis expression is often amplified by tlie addition of Plfi: (literally, be.

Eth.

often used substantively, the

T\^U"i£v^k1S:

^1^1/1:

if

IJ-^: 'whether

it

it

(he

had

has)

&c.;

fulfil

e.(7.

the law of

God;"

(literally, /'that I

should fulfil the law of God, will not be to me," i.e. " is not in my power.")

Ul^:

and

m.^VL: nom. pr.

India.

Ar. ^ia

"

:

uYi.7r':

Heb.

>lin.

SuKij,

the

...tmn:

tn^Yl,: is also used for Kai-name of tlie Queen of the Etliio-

pians (MERoii, or shendis

UYl,7"

Ar.

:

4

(

f,jfJ-

?),

Acts

viii. 27.

physician, instead

of the

ladness, sluggishness, idleness, sloth-

s.

Eth. from

fulness.

lI'Yl^:

turbance

UYlP::

trop. tumult, sedition., insurrection,

;

Der. from U(D'Vl : ^th.

revolt.

li^VfV'

&x.

slothful;

s.

(1) n. pr. of

tive case.

T.^':

id.

s.

the itch, itching.

Eth. lazy, an

idler.

Amh. UYLT?':

and ^Tri^:: s.

(The Abyssinians be-

Noah divided

themselves into the three ancient quarters of the world and that each of them erected an obelisk in his respective country; namely, Shem in Asia, Japhet in Europe, and Cham ;

in Africa

Axum. is

that of the latter to be found at Concerning the obelisk at Axum, ;

described

best

by

Riippell,

the

Satan made it, could not have been the work of man.)

common

people

say that

In books, the intermediate space between two columns on a page, which runs down from the top to the bottom. river on the U*Pil: n- pr- haw ask, name of a (2)

southern and the eastern frontiers of Shoa in derived probably from Ufflrt: or thCDtlEth.

Vdp'fl^q. V.

thei-efore, the mover, runner. the uncontracted form of U-Yl"!-:

move;

to

Prov. XV.

6.

bundle of UHCTO'lf: Amos ix. 6. Ar. ii*^ a togewood; any collection of things bound up

ther into one mass.

Heb. iT^?^^-

bridle the small chain or thong on the tlH'fl are they which of horses, mules, or asses, by :

s.

guided.

"

O

!

faith,

s.

noi'.

:

Greek voca-

Lord

—

fl

"firm

"established,"

in faith, of

—

liltle faith.

creed,

PKV-

:

in

faith.''''

;

TvSlQi'- the

:

which

the

is

of an Abyss, book, standard of their

title

divinity, consisting in

(1) obelisk:

lieve that the three sons of

it

If^i

Abyss, letter

as the

faith or creed cf the Fathers

'iCD'A^:

as

first

some

K'i

:

P'hKA"^: and T^JEUA: LfjKOigr-^:

fJ:

weak

which

the

the

!

—

the twenty-

IhA'Tf:

:

UJ£°^r'"r: and M^tr^iT't": "strong,"

Ar. Ki-. IflljZ.:

r\ph'^ herpes, creeping scurvy.

—

O

—

with scurf,"

Tig. and Eth. (ji^6.::

(2) interj.

VHH:

ij]j=~ scurf.

j^" infected

ij

J^: twenty-one. second.

UT^:

ITJ^:

.

Ar.

20.

Heb.

"scurfy."

.

.

religious persuasion, religion,

idler, loiterer.

Vid. J^YlYl:: Eth. and Tigr.

UVi^:

to agitate,

idle, sluggish,

adj. lazy,

a lounger,

UYlYl:

to be idle.

agitation, excitement, commotion, dis-

s.

tlHH: Lev. xxi. ^An'"r: sj]}s~ tijp: twenty.

Amh. HA: uo^JY/f"UYl.'t':

UHH:

)

an extract from the

writings of Clem. Alex.,

John

tioch,

An-

Tlieophilus of

of Antioch, Dionys. of Antiocli,

CvtHIus of Alex., Cluysostora, and others. TJie

V^V:

word

is

taken from the Syriac.

adj. the twentieth.

Uy^rn't'fl: Rev.

xxi. 21.

(a gem).

IT^:

belly,

gripes.

abdomen.

P—

-.

vaKivBos,

P—

hyacinth

'i>^(^fri't':

:

a^fi'palif.

colic,

diarrhaa.

Eth.

TriTlJ^: signifying viscus in general, applicable to the heart as well as to the stomach

and bowels. tfJEJ"::

Tigr. Yl-flS

andTl-fl^:

'

Tlie 2 radic. in the

'•'/•

original Eth.,

which is a soft b, as the modern Greek /3, has been exchanged for w ; which, throwing oft' its character as a consonant altogether, became an 0, and as such was joined to the /(, into which the k has been changed by aspiration. Cf. Jl*^

and ^5^ which both signify the

And

as the largest of the viscera.

the

etymology

foinC" others.

4° 4=

of

IT^:

f''*'™

for

\U^:

and

the Eth.

man

YIQ: RITK: ?*A:

thing, something] is in

or

(lit.

my

to

avfQ;

It is used also tropically,

the innermost part of e.g.

cf.

liver,

as

denoting

of .things;

word

belly),

i.e.

[or a

I

am

:

::

ITR'P*-- ...

A:

nT^J^C

possessed with a secret.

5

(

^K"-

=

" ivilhin the earth, in the interior of the earth."

Matt.

xiii.

U^sjo:

adj.

fulness,

(If^:

lit.

gluttonous,

Tlie

40.

same with the Ar.

full of belly, ventrosus), voracious,

a

glutton, one that

can eat a large

tjuantify.

3d Abyssinian month, com-

"'"•^i^' *^^^

tIKC*

mencing

middle of our November, and December. in a book, the margin at the bot-

in the

lasting to the middle of iiKDAG,

yj^°| :

tom

of a page.

V^£V' Arab. (Jsr*' Jerem. xvii.

Amh.

(h) in

As

Amh.

pi.

used.

ijjj.

tj'f.^: Ar. «-»=^ a violent uind, Jer.

determined by the initial of the word which it is prefixed. When prefixed to : if the nouns, pronouns, and adverbs, it is word begins with a consonant; but if it begins with an a, a, or e, the A:, assuming

A

rake toge-

U^^fl:

s.

^'ii.

^I'KV^Ji::

A:

It

is

As

called

lawi,

AIJ:

to its poicer,

it is,

fluid letter, easily

In the

ending in a

uf A.:

—

i:

the

(LRA:) /

I

sound.

of course, a liquid or

pronounced, and liable to

Amharic

for its cognate P:

of

(sc.

or letter in use to express the

change.

^

as

A^'t': instead of

prefixed to verbs, it

it is

often exchanged

(l)In verbal substantives

uj^;

" painter," instead

^^i " mighty," " able," instead of n^: for HA.: "sayer;" "TDi^.E: for ;

iFA.:; 9Ui^/Y_: "resemblance," "kind," sort;"

•t'*!>

njj: "receivir," for T«I"1A.:; TYl^'^:

)

;

so that, it is

A?\1T:,

&e.

thought vowel-

when meeting :; when

an

^—

— —

: ;

:

:

;

Infinitives are treated by it in the same way as substantives. Before the first pronoun singular and plural, it is usually

A—

:

sometimes

C"l: for

A.KO: As

Instances:

and

A^P^O-

AJ^

:

" send/or

A:

"it

•T'lTIA.^iAfi: "thou (fem.) receivest," " wilt receive." T^^: and Top.: "be filled.

::

to its SIGNIFICATION, it is a p-pposUion

A^

tYlJ-A.: &c. (2) In verbs; where 3 radic. being assume tlie fem. /; e.g. "l"'i'n^Ari

A—

Ah^CT " A^'S'CT

(a) in 2 pers. fem. forms, is to

—

1: and '^:

"i^:

"follower," for

for

(A

in itself

less

is

remains.

the second letter of the Abyss, alphabet.

letter,

"•

: it beby it. But when prefixed to Y\.f\ comes A: for A?*:; the A: is lengthened, the consonant i\: ejected, and we haveAI'l"::

—

bat.

A" LA,

In

meeting with 'f\- it throws the tx: av^ay, and becomes A when preceding JE it casts the Ji out, and becomes A. when : joining the ^: it becomes A.:, and the J?:

one that scrapes, rakes together.

U-«{.ri: Ar.

;

A1

instead of A"?» \ • has taken up the e without lieing affected

with

Tigr. lJ«I.rt.::

ther.

it

was consonant to it e.g.ti tlQ^ : where

remains as it is.

So, also,

xxiii. 9.

trft: Eur. hup. v. a. to scrape, to

is

cases, is

When

\i&,t\- and ?vd.rt:

A:

to

wliich

town, village, country, like the

5.

other Semitic languages.

tlie

that vowel, effects the elision of the letter "J"^

Eth.

Amh. ?ilC^: but seldom

J'ltJ'l-C:

Deut. xix.

Ar.

?i.l£^:

in

used as a particle, and prefixed to nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Its form, in such

it

in£^: but more generally

imper, 2 pers. sing. fem. for 7"A.:: mood; e.g. 1 pers. sing, of the constructive

-flK: T^^All": 9«JPAU': for T'P'nA-.'nA.iTlnA.KAU-: •?"A.?iiAU-::

Heb. ^5^3.

jmrtridge.

(^.\.

1 1.

fill,"

TtnB:

^Joi.

and -5-90 : signifying

belly,

A:

)

••

which

JlffiG^: "give

it to

him."

signifies both, "

send

to

..

aW

me," and

me" (to somebody else). At: i(D^: belongs to me." Jl^.U-A^: "I have

written

to

«/)him."

him," or "for {instead

^Uil:

of,

in favour

(D'rt^A'l': "take

this

,

:

•.

AUJS;-:

Jo

A.A:

?»AU'lA*59":

her."

for me,"

" I

i.e.

"

(

:::

fi

in

it."

A^

day." A0)-"I'kCDSAU-: "Hike to learn." t^.C'Jin: Vld.'!*: A3'.g: "open thy eyes, that thou

may est

{in order to) see."

"I will do

it."

£t»^-

"hi.:

"M.: Aj^C'?®'Al?^"!'!: " ahall I come ?

TiAl^?": ATrh^K,:

Y^I:

f'T'lf'" "I "^'«^ (""J

and you must and l\Ui^'i^Q: what for? wherefore ? why ? for what reason, object, or purpose ? (are to) go."

s.

A11.K"-

ts.l^'i

'o) write,

:

tenderness, softness, delicacy,

Eth.

der, soft, delicate, effeminate.

/\t|g_: Ar.

ffA:

AA:

s.

to yield,

Jp v. a. to leave

loose, lax.

be slack;

off,

ADAH.", to neglect, 2\a^!^m At«l'5'4.

Tigr.

give way.

28:

Isa. xxx.

relax.

^

Ar.

pearl.

V. n. io

£^^^:i

bed-cover, chiefly counterpane.

s'.s^

(

adj. ten-

:

" "Qtil thou ceasest : .£"41^ nations." A: ^C^ gentle, the to destroy xii. 7. Kings 1 words good »u7c7, sweet, and to relax, way, give to trs. and ?iAA: act.

"^flVl^AA

:

\(Sn: "it is not he,

>»"IH?'vn(h.C:

/or to-

"it

AA:

•?":

would not be

"it

did not succeed

AtTOAyn:

/\.A:

)

God

"

:

me

has given

?»KO

another seed," Gen.

VjA>»::

Eth. and Tigr.

iv. 25.

it is another."'

AAffl'T: HC:

Eth. A°AA'"r:: servant-mnn, male servant. The female servant is called 'It^^K" ' pl-

'•

A

Eth. Tigr. and

A.""l*:

P

"to-night."

"bat."

—

Amh.

P^: —

:

night.

s.

—

"night-bird," esp.

aW^^'P:—'.

and

Wn--A,-X'

Hd,,:

"midnight," " half the night."

Heb.

It is often

7^'?.

cf. JjJ and iiji used to express the

time of day-break and just before, but never late in the evening.

grow

to be green, verdant, fresh, to

V. n.

A'^'i:

verdant, to flourish, trop. to prosper. Gen. xlix.

•F'^4,: PAOtl^-:

15:

Ay":

If:

{'"1":

Zech.

verdant, flourishing."

"the land

vii. 7

:

is

i^vP*^"^ Jerusa-

"when

A'F':!': '^ivf-.

lem was yet (i^errfa?!C*f

many A. A:

"AT^AA

"hTiyX-

^m

Tfl^C: A=A:: "hegavehim

silver." things fcesWes the gold and the

adj. other, different; e.g.

TtCfi"-

?».P^A

p

newly-baked bread,"

out people."

K€.^:'r%'i$:6.:.)

green, fresh, pro-

a green

tree.

poiverful (stout, healthy,

man."

jjrospering)

:

H^:

PA^^'A''**:

sperous.

— IfiTi'^i.

" not

dry,"

'

"fresh,

(which

Tigr. A«?OAa»l::

is

Eth.

^gDAsro:: ^iA'^^'A^'^:

"to bring on verdure," "to

green," " render prosperous."

f^CmtJI:

make

Ps. xx. 3

:

JPA9aA70Ay: "may He

cause thy oOTering to flourish," (by being

accepted with pleasure).

P.^^I'OM: " / have

A9^A7**

:

made

Ezek. xvii. 24

'7x'iim'V: ^.AWOA"?^l^: the dry wood verdant."

green,

fresh,

verdant,

virescenf.

:

:

A9"A9":

KflAfnJK:

.

.

prosperous, flourhhing, £i!V*6i!'P*

PA""A«™"

verdure, freshness, greenness,

s-

'•

i.q.

(

and

adj. green, fresh, &c. concr. greens, vegetables, ^•yn/^oij: s. greenness, verdure, sappiness, flou-

Deut. i. 25 rishing state, prosperity, success. " they took of its fruit, in order to show us

^5U/\aq,Q)^'J

greenness, or soppiness."

its

:

Prov.xiv, 23: nfl«^: U-A-:

AT^An^:

jfA: "in every manner of

-work, prosperity

is

.^1

s.

a sort of table

made

of twisted

In Slioa, a sort of large bread-baskets

reeds..

giOt)^: s. habit, use, custom, fashion, manner. ^oi;|»-T: "fO):: "to break, off a habit." il^: A^J^I: Tt^Jj^: "he has learned an evil habit." poooij^'}: A^iJ^: ?»fl

ask for,

a. to beg,

to

With

seech, request, desire.

JZlUiT: oaR-rfj^:

book of you."

prayed,

pray, entreat, be-

A—

:

e.g.

"JA"?: "ask" or "pray for me." 'I-/\iJO^: pass, and med. to be asked,

and

A9^

object.

YlTA':

5^^K: h.'iO «fttrQ^: "according

A^^fD:

"to cause another to

causat.

pray or to beg," &c. /\tnj*5: (lamagn, French pronunciation of jm) s.

who

beggar, one

^ODf

:

asks, frays, begs, &c.

beggary, request,

s.

prayer,

petition.

A7n^•.:

flA9"l" A7»1,^C"

^%^

«'^«^

for ? for what reason or purpose ? : s. the hairy, untanned skin of animals ;

A9"^ hide.

AODj^:

jJj

Jiabituafe oneself

term

Heb. ^^7) to,

to

accustom,

become familiar with,

to

to

&c.)

to set,

T\ti,(SL' is used.

make a

smack,

clashing noise

with the tongue in eating (thought indispensable in Abyssinia).

/VOEJR:

V. n. to be

A9" Jt:

s.

leprosy

;

or

become leprous.

to

Ex.

iv. 6.

Lev.

Eth. Afhrt:: Tigr.

Ach

adj. leprous.

xiii. 14.

Art:

adj. leprous ;

:

v. a. to lick, lap.

^^^

ll:: Ar.

organ,

AfSA"^:

//le

s.

a

leper.

ao/^fj: ,r't:

"my mother

this habit."

accustom, habi-

AU^:

Gen.

ascendency

v. a.

xlix. 3

:

to be greater, larger, to

poi^

A^

:

" tvho has the

from this verb the adv. JEA'!*: more, greater, is derived. A.*?: Eth. chief ruler, but more especially (tlie

precedence)."

It is

member of the Sujyreme Council in Abyssinia, supreme counsellor, minister (of state). PI.

:.

ATAI*: Eth. A.S'T: and

f^:

.

•

Ail""!:

•

A.ir'a^^-f ::

"the chief

priests."

"c/uV/" metropolitan"

i.e.

8

(

tk.^\'.

A.*?:

" Patriai-ch."

'^M A3""t:

i^i^fl:

poo'}

If-"^: A.3'a>'T'"t': "the supreme counsellors of the kingdom." A'PA'I':

overlaid

.A^A^:

^fl'^'l:

it

'TA^'A*!': med.

^vflA'I'A^:

wash

to

caus.

to

Lev. xv.

oneself,

5.

cause another to be-

smear, bedaub, &c. V. a.

A'1*^A4*": unbent),

collected,

weeping,

lamentation,

be-

wailing.

and

n. to yield (of

a

give way, to stretch

to

bow when

itself,

to

be

to

distend

/^«|>^/^f{»-.^:

s.

and briny

to (jive

itself.

gather, pick up, pick out

collect,

together

Gen.

bow),

Tigr. a ceTtnin yramineous plant

/\«|»tra: V. a. to

xli.

18

:

of cattle, &c.

ntD-;}:

:

%nC= "they were

to graze, to

KC: ^A^o»':

gathering

(sc.

into their

stomach, i.e. grazing) by the water-side." This term is used also for the cleansing of grain, as corn, wheat, &c., and other fruit. -j-^ j|»OTJ : pass,

to

32: J^flA'TflTfA^'-lh: "we have excited (by way of playing) to weeping for you,

vii.

(i.e.

l*nA:: lTi;}n: tll-B "I-n:: f'AfS^PA:: llA:: I*ie.'"l<J." >^^: "the bird of the night; " i.e. bat, Deut. xiv. 17.

A.'t":

on

clothe oneself.

A'flti-s.

Prov.

Ex. XXV. 11: "overlay

mfly*:

circum-

A more decent expres-

v-a. to dress, clothe, to put

?iAn

Ann."

to gild.

14.

S-i.1: A-flh,: >idi.KAU-: "I put on the K'ware, and go."

Anil:

'"•?•

A-UTi^: :

'fl^i^'t':

:

lined.

to singe, to scorch.

:

is

AHT:

2.

spect.

AH 90

Anf

TAn m

wind.

P—

a species of electrum more precious than gold. Rev. i. 15. s. a reasonable, understanding person. Prov. X. 17.

Irjid

\i/3a,

flourished.

of

•XaXKoKl^avov,

the

C_J.

the Ar.

Eth. according to Ludolf, the

ace.

to intimate

it

on account of the mis-

conduct of his wife.

Heb.

I

when a complainant,

who was a married man, that he

heard a large

of patients using this expression,

have

to

:

A.'TI'T:

adj. light-broun, comp. of f\/p: and •fl: signifying a mixture of light and darkness, which is conceived to give that colour.

A'tT: Latin. Tlie Latin language. ATi»A^A*IAU-:

A^A.'}:

(DS" TrTM*::

" I idll send a servant /or

to the king."

2 Chr. xxx.

you

A>iA"JIJ

nie^

i-e.

liealth,

&c.

;

e.y.

A

send a person from

"a

shell,"

"

TAfflrt

A(D h

vi. 18.

Matth. xiii. 53. knead (the dough)

to disturb, to

rouse from sleep

kneaded

AT^l'T:

(as it were),

saw

Job

Leviathan.

I thee."

TAYIO'^: f\^

:

I

sent, I go," i.e.

"beimj

?iflAln

TAVL:

"he (or

(jo

TitibKAlJ-:

this animal,

which they think to be a huge

serpent carrying the earth on

A*P*Ii:

the Levite.

s.

h6^--

Lrvilcs.

pi.

Eth.

V. a. to

measure, to

All:

to sketch.

fit,

Rev.

id.

AVlflVlfl:

Ezek.

loas sent to him."

make ft

HATOy-yT:

Rev. 9.

to

xxi.

draw

iv. 1.

pated, dissolute, averse to labour.

AinflllflJ""

s.

V. a. to measure, to

mete

out.

of metals or of A-Tl : Ar. ^^ any thing flat, 19. wood table, board, plate. 2 Kings iii. :

A.*^:

ACD'A'fl:

Isa.

barter,

to

stitute,

to

trade,

exchange, sub-

to

merchandise,

to

'1'A0)1TI

pass,

:

bought or

and

refl. to

to

sold,

be changed, altered,

change or

alter oneself.

-flC.:

A^Ji^: ^Affl^lA:

"how

is

dollar (silver, or

the

ma^: money

general) exchanged on the market?" " " what is the currency of the dollar ? i"l-

^^^

reiterat.

be used for exchange

in i.e.

and recipr. to and barter.

in trade

^«: \(D^: PAO-A: P^ croATQ)T" "these are the various

"j;:

hand of the Most

Peter iv. 10: "as good stewards High." grace of God, A9"-t-ATV9»: y^O't"- nC"''- nTATCD T^H,: "when the days mutually Q^ changed," "when day by day changed 19:

;

n. pr. Levi.

A.T:i-5'-/^n:

;y

Heb. t^h.

alternations of the right

confusion, dissipation, aversion

to labour. :

Ar.

Ps. Ixxvii. 10:

V. D. to be compl'icate, confused,

dissipated, averse to labour.

/^YlYl

Gen. xxx. 37

almond.

s.

"TATfflfn-

light-minded, unsteady, dissi-

J^AYiriYlrt"

"the book of

Leviticus."

(so as to

xi. 2.

adj.

back.

to traffic.

it)

have the proper size, and to suit). 15, 16, 17. 2 Sam. x. 3. Cant. viii. a plan,

its

ATOh^l "

on an errand.

caus. to cause (another) to send.

:

The Abys-

sinians have very curious ideas concerning

:

serie. Mattli.iv. 11.

xviii. C.

xl. 25.

AIJ^'E: /•?• AT*?:: AG)fn V. a. to change, to alter,

Eth. to minister, to

Meton.

Gen.

T

tuent of friendship in Abyssinia. pass, to be sent.

to stir. :

«5.Tiri : AtD' fl : " quickly k-nead." "TAfflrt: pass. Ezek. xvi. 6: nK7"h7": AOMlh: ?iPU-h : "and in thy blood,

ACD'Tl:

:

away.

further, go

tjo

Isa. liv. 10.

id.

:

v. a. /o

:

jrroceed,

to

:

time to time, in order to see how I am a civility which forms a necessary consti-

fAYI

"a threshing

windlass,"

instrument."

ACDrt: "TACDrt Judges

" angel,"

vour of whom;"

10

''"?/•

xxviii. 27.

Arab.

t_jy and

(passed by);"

i.e.

"in the process of time."

;

AO^T: Afl>'T:

TA^P:

..

.

And

restitution,

thing. Sec;

AT^U.:

i.q.

P:i(n,7\^: AtD'T:

Ex. xxix. 11

q. v.

iay-i":: "for it

.el'tlAA: "Kl.^:

is

Luc.

x\-iii.

AOXn-l:

"but

among

A^:

prip. and adv.

adv. above

(D^: AJE: upwards.

above;

the thing exchanged, substituted, the

s.

Lev. xxvii.

substitute, change.

AthA:

and verb, (from

adj.

high) high, exalted.

Most High, God.

AOAf:

Gen.

Eth. highness,

premacy.

ADA:

Eth. to be

Amh. used only

In

exaltation, su-

:

one that

"J-fl^:

messenger,

Eth.

V. a.

pi.

"Acts of the

AVl Amh.

Ex. xxxiv.

1

;

J^Afl fl Job

II : R'^^'fl: "polishing chisel," (imp.)

Aai:

16:

>i"JH.?i'nfii.C: "H-flTAr: "for God hath softened heart"

ATI"!!:

and

s.

?iA

my

—

—

:

i\^d.'}:

i-: " God has divided my

enemies by

AK'^:

s.

my hand."

Eth. birth, imtivity.

n^A:

A^''!':

and merely AS-t-: "Christmas." PAgT: 2\«roT: "the year of the birth" {i.e. of Christ),

Aj^:

s.

rad.

ffiA^: male or female, but sometimes the female is

child, either

male; for

tinction, division.

TAJPP:

differ

whilst the spirit is one."

AP^'t":

^1

::

pass, to be separated, distinguished, to

differ.

"both

:

i.q.

rence,

AR: AP: various, ^U: AR: l(l>: yj": A

flT(D:r9": AP: AP: IGP: oo'j^fl: ?ii "?£: fXlTI: "and the gifts are inrious,

A^P:

make

AHfl::

Tigr. :

Gen. xxx. 37

more

V^"?": it

white."

Deut. xxv.

3.

frequently flU'::

24.

the peeling, bark, skin, &c.

the bark of trees," Job xxx. :

:

"and he peeled

pass. Lev. xiii. 39.

dough, mass,

s.

nT*

in the

mouth of the nations," PfjrliT'1": A3. 9^: PTAT-"": jiUTA: "the bridle of error will be put." iQ^Ol-: TAT-"™': " the gun is loaden or charged.'" on s. a man who harnesses, saddles horses,

A'lT: 36

xi.

TAm

or cannon. Isa.

fiiid

'fiJ^C^'

Al""::

a horse, mule, or

mock

T'^A'l':

iv. 4.

be incurable, used of

A"19":

at, ridicule, to

cf. "l'I>:

foam, froth, scum. 1 Sam. xxi. 13. and AlH: and derivv.; i.cj. Alg::

AATR*:"

T\Ci^-'

boils.

Ihtk-. to

lough

mocking, scorn, joke, ridicule, laughing.

s.

ATft": Heb.

/Yiono : v. to be an eye-servant ; to pretend to do something, but to use even the most trifling pretext as an excuse for not doing it.

A"19°:

^^

play with.

s.

Aim:

Prt

to

9.

laugh, ridicule, mock,

TK:: ^•^"J:

liberty, opp.

ridiculed:

at,

Ps. Ixix.

Ps. Ixxix. 12. ^'''^-

to scorn,

age, state of a child, 15: PA^lfc'^: »D'5- Heb. tijort rh'^'T: Eth. from rh**"?" calumny, slander. ^qo^-: and ?iqo-"r: bile, gall. ^o^-^-^: s. & adj. slanderer, calumniator.

ih6^'-

Heb. Dpn. The more usual form

hA"":

Rom.

latter sense,

here, will be found

either under

Jls.

human

passions of the

;

rh::

Ar.

Vid. ?'i00cnj::

disease, illness, sickness, pain, ache,

: "pain in the head" or ailmrnt. Pi.fl: " disease of the head." pi. Eth. A^tHjcrq^

'rf^oo-fi

AR-P.::

ih: HA, the third letter of the is

^onoo:

.d^Qi'V-

..

rh7"f|: pudendum muUebre. Tigr. ctot^::

oneself.

bet,

fhODon:

)

(2) to

the razor.

pass, to be shaved;

TACO.:

2

pass.

v.a. to raze, to shave,

ACQ.:

Rev.

" »^KC3A^: "we

sacred,

?il^.^Q>''5: chf^9i»:

will

voted (to destruction)."

make their land deAr. Jy^ Heb. DIH.

(2) weeds, tares.

^Cyo^;

2)rohibition,

devotion,

Num.

vow.

vi. 9.

As>.

Lev.

n. pr. HA*aE,

xi. 16.

name

A certain

of the

bird.

month -which

th^Q:

diO^:

adj.

&

Eth.

s.

Eth. hot, and heat,

YxCyV- Amh.

s.

kv.ji-.

freedom,

liberty,

corresponds to our July, beginning at the middle of our July, and lasting to the midst

independence, and, sensu malo, dereliction, state

of August.

with ?i(Dni::

—

Johnviii. 33.

Ps. Ixxxviii. 4

»h9"A.:

Tigr.;

fho«A"«JA: i.

29.

s.

j.g.

Iobt: Amh.

greens, vegetables, plants.

Gen.

of solitariness.

Constructed withffl"!: and :

CD"!: "he became /ree,"

^U*: Yi- "I have become men, &c.;

i.e.

deserted.

:

fhO'"!"-

free,"

—

:

sc.

P€D from

?i(D"il:

to

:

the.1.

make free, did.1:

d\H\:

.

(

set at liherly, liberate, deliver.

shoot of a vine.

s.

10.

•

Vid.

s.

lie,

Ex.

deceit.

Vid. ?»«i"i:: Gen.

io deceive;

untruth."

falsehood,

viii.

29:

untruth,

xl.

:

to

lie,

"it

was found an

Alias, T^tl't-: q.v.

Rad. thflQ):

Eth.

thTO"

V. a.

:

to seal, to

stamp

ivith

type, to print, imprint, impress.

and -^TtTO::

aniH^-x-ijOi

.inf.

a

seal or

Vid. J^ftTO:

A%'X°^' rhi^9" :

'iiid

'J:^mi:

adj.

&

s.

sealer, printer.

verb, sealed, stamped, pressed,

A%\ii\t\:

fh"^^:

V. n. to sneeze.

sob,

Vid. KViUfl::

sobbing, hickup,

hiccough. In Shoa, flt;,^:: chTC.P: s. Eth. pl.fhTCy't":: apostle. t\&.: "Acts of the Apostles."' Eth. 'q-nQ: s.

P—

OiVCy^::

ch^O

Rad.

chCDrt: Eth. to move,

"to go about." At.

to be sensible.

Heb. lyin.

U^

Ar. Auu^,

Also a more decent

pi. ir-'}=^.

name than "flA^:

for sexual organs.

Gen.

life,

Not used living,

thTh:n.pr.

the thong

s.

Vid.

iiXwash.

UTh"

s.,

pi.

X. 5.

pl-

rh^

In Eth.

and

h\SGi^'^-

Ar. l/^.

Tigr. it signifies also healthy, vigorous, very

good. rli,pa)'"r:

Gen.

s. life.

PHAA7":

»Ui.

i.

Ar.

.Heb. n^Il

30.

A^Jiffl'T: eternal

life.

di.K: v.a. Eth. YlPK" Tigr. Yl.!?„:: logo. Gen. ii. 1 4 di, K = V» on/ft ""l A U- : " I will go, .

am

gone

" (in-

>i(h.KAlh:). an expression always used by visitors on the point to leave, declaring their intention to go, if

you allow

^:

it.

A

VnlnnC^fn

civility.

fh.KtI: (D^: tVli^'i: I'.^C'S Atl : " ill how many days' journey do you arrive from Ankober to London?" JPil: •I'l:

OJi-Yl^: dn,^: ^lAffi'^'T": "I do not re of ever having gone by that road."

?id«,.^:

(1)

cans,

make

to guide,

on the

by which

bridle,

^^rhH'fl: Eth. people, nation.

way

adj. vulgar person, plebeian,

heathen.

?i(D*: «rojj^: pa^iyap'^: fiq)"^: "hriRin-. aiTna).P19»: they knew that they were people not knowing the Act. iv. 13:

i.e.

uneducated) and of

lower class of society."

rfiHl: generally

hHi-

v.n. to regret, mourn,

be grieved, sorry, sad, dejected,

to

go,

to lead,

Lev. xxvi. 13:

ITf'f:

"on a

straight

the corn

go out

have I led you."

?ifldi.K lead, to

:

ears.

1

make

Cor.

Isa. xxviii. 23.

ix. 9.

caus. to cause to go, to

take;

e.g.

make

go, to

^tl: ooilj^: (DR:

n"!: JPfldi.^*IA: "this road

i\

will take

thee to Abyssinia."

Ar. i—^^ agmen.

Scriptures (or books,

cause

to

go.

oo^^^: J\fh.^i¥U': from the

horses, mules, &c. are guided. Vid. pfl't""

rhT-fnS^:

in Amliaric.

fern.

Heb. ^H

«P1::

Pleb. nipT.

r^"^^-

v.a. to vivify, quicken, animate, give

cure.

(2) to thresh, i.e. to

ix. 22.

thfe

?»ihPQ):

yir. Ar.

member

AiTfl: s. pi. fhT'^t": Eth. organs of sense, by which we receive impressions upon our minds.

Gen.

tnPCD-

xlii. 38.

stead of " / will go,"

•

rh'H'fl:

Gen.

V. »• "• n. Eth. i:jiu. to live. (o iive.

and come back." d»,J^l>: "I

printed.

ch4'fl:

grief sorrow, I'lH'J: sadness, regret, repentance, mourning, pity. Ar.

the sealing,

printing, &c., the seal, print, press, the type.

vid.?\Hi" Ar.^^^. ajjliction,

fj.v. s.

ihJPO)': adj.

(h«1*]^: adj. Etli. false, lying, deceitful, untrue. plur. dirtuh-t"::

rhK.fl:

spare, to save,to withhold.

deception,

n — m^:

ihflf: ITJ:

AiWi:

)

rhHT: and

xlix. 11.

illrt't":

14

to

repent; to

jlfi_g"qa:s.

a house

built of stone

and

clay,

a fat roof. The mere flat roof also times so called.

AS*'.:

is

with

some-

Vid. J\K: id. "/Aaie c. stiff.

:

//W or /// ;/." A^'PA: "there

BTO^'t-«PA: or oo are plcidy of men," "many men." om^-f-: "there is plenty,'^ "much," and merely much. Ital. mo//r;. The matter with which any thing or person is filled, is given (1) with fl : and the sufHxed pronoun e.y. (mli&Xl: '^^ti: anDAr5'>: literally, "the Holy Spirit her,"

i.e.

" she

was

fl(D':

y?//r J,

filled

And v. J^TDAA-: tiQ^^OP: H

should swear, he surjre by liimself."

ono^j^:: Tigr.

act. Eth.

fh: l^ti "as there was nothing (or nobody) greater than he by which (or by whom) he

u-as full (plenty) in

with the Holy Spirit."

Gh;}: n*i9"P: *">A1^0::^A: "the gombo O'ar) is full of water." Acts vii. 5 5 "o-j^fi :

16: tl^'l-l":

^•bAiTjCB^: "and gi-eater

m