CAVTnRIDGE
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Listening GPS applications Spaceelevators Advantages of a newpump A guidedtour Reading Spaceelevators Otis lifttechnology Pile foundations
Describingtechnical functionsand applications Explaininghowtechnology works Emphasising technical advantages Simplifyingand illustrating technicalexplanations
Wordsstemmingfrom use allow, enable,permit, ensure, prevent Verbsto describemovement Verbsand adjectives to describe advantages Adverbsfor addingemphasis Phrasesfor simplifying and rephrasing
Describingspecific materials materials Categorising SpeciÍyingand describing properties Discussingqualityissues
Listening Commonmaterials audit An environmental Categoriesof materials tools Specialised made made of, comprise, of, consist watches High-performance from,mode out of Reading Propertiesof materials Materialsrecycling Phrasesfor describingrequirements Regenerative brakes CompoundsoÍresistant Kevlar Adverbsof degree
Describingcomponent shapesand features Explainingand assessing manufacturing techniques jointingand Explaining fixingtechniques Describingpositionsof assembledcomponents
Shapesand 3D features Wordsto describemachining Phrasesfor describingsuitability Verbsand nounsto describejoints and fixings of position Prepositions
Listening A projectbriefing Electricalplugsand sockets Metalfabrication UHP waterjetcutting Optionsfor fixing Clusterballooning Reading Cuttingoperations Flowwaterjettechnology Jointsand fixings Theflyinggardenchair
Workingwithdrawings Discussingdimensionsand precision Describingdesignphases and procedures Resolvingdesignproblems
Viewson technicaldrawings Phrasesrelatedto scole Phrasesrelatedto tolerance length, width, thickness, etc. Drawingtypesand versions Verbsfor describingstagesof a designprocess Verbsand nounsfor describing designproblems
Listening A drawingquery Scale A floordesign Designprocedures Revisinga detail Reading Superflatfloors Oueriesand instructions
Describingtypesof technicalproblem Assessingand interpreting faults Describingthe causesof faults Discussingrepairsand maintenance
Verbsand adjectives for describing Listening A racingcar test session technicalproblems Testsessionproblems Wordsfor describingfaultsand Technical help{ine theirseverity Tyrepressureproblems Phrasesfor describingcertainty/ A maintenance check uncertainty Reading Adjectiveswith prefixesfor Air TransatFlight236 describingtechnicalproblems Verbsfor describingrepairsand maintenance
Contents
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Discussing technical requirements ideasand Suggesting solutions Assessingfeasibility Describingimprovements and redesigns
Phrasesfor referringto issues Phrasesfor referringto quantity and extent Phrasesfor suggesting solutions and alternatives ldiomsto describefeasibility Verbswithre...to describe modifications ldiomsto describeredesigning
Listening Simulatorrequirements and effects Liftingoptions Hole requirements and forming A projectbriefing Reading Mammothproblem
Describinghealthand safetyprecautions Emphasising the importanceof precautions Discussingregulations and standards Workingwithwritten instructions and notices
Typesof industrialhazards Typesof protectiveequipment Phrasesfor emphasising importance Termsto describeregulations Commonlanguageon safetynotices Languagestylein written instructions
Listening A safetymeeting Hazardanalysis Liveline precautions Safetytraining Oral instructions Reading Livelinemaintenance Helicoptersafetyon oil platforms
Describingautomated systems Referringto measurable parameters Discussingreadingsand trends Givingapproximatefigures
Wordsto describeautomated systems Wordsto describemeasurable parameters Wordsto describefluctuations Wordsand phrasesfor approximating numbers
Listening Intelligent buildingsand automation Monitoringand controlsystems Electricitydemandand supply problems Pumpedstoragehydroelectricpower Internalreviews Reading Industrialprocessmonitoring Dynamicdemandcontrols
Explainingtestsand experiments Exchanging viewson predictionsand theories Comparingresultswith expectations Discussingcausesand effects
Wordsto describetest types Wordsand phrasesfor stating assumptions Wordsand phrasesfor agreeingand disagreeing Phrasesfor comparingexpectations and results Wordsfor linkingcausesand effects
Listening Vehicledesignand testing Water rockets Air drop problems Moon landings Reading A rocketcompetition Chickencannon
Discussingperformance and suitability Describingphysicalforces Discussingrelative performance Describingcapabilitiesand limitations
Adjectives for describingsuitability and performance Wordsto describetypes of forces foctof criteria, criterion, consideration Wordsand phrasesto describe degreesof difference Wordsto describecapabilitiesand limits
Listening Windturbinetowers Tallstructures TCV world speed record The storyof John Paul Stapp Reading Windturbinesfactfile Solar towers Transportalternatives The Sonrc Wind tests The rocketsled proposal
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Contents
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Describingtechnicalfunctions I
I
andapplicatíons 1
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a ln pairs, think about two or three productsyou use regularlyand discuss the followingquestions. o o
\r
What are the main functionsof the products? (Whatdo they do?) What are their different applications? (What are they used for?)
What do you know about Global Positioning System (GPS) devices? ln pairs, describe their main function, and give some examples of different applications of GPS devices.
2a
)1.1 Paula, a design engineer for a CPS manufacturer, is discussing product development with José, a senior manager new to the company. Listen to the conversation and complete the following notes.
o the primaryapplication of GPS more creative features
(l ) Trackingsystemsfor (2) Trackingsystemsfor (3) (4)
not technicalinnovations
(6)
associatedapplications
o
(s)
alarms buttons the technology
Complete the following extracts from the discussion with words that come from use. thot are reloted to 1 Then Aou've got associated applications, navigating... for monitoring deliverg vehicles ... 2 ... traclsing sAstems Aou can point of view, accuracg is no longer the main selling 3 . .. from the end-point. Most devices are accurate enough. The keg is to make them more
in use Unit 1 Technotogy
I 3a
Match the GPS applications (1-6) to the descriptions (a-fl. 1 2 3 4 5 6
a topographicalsurveyinggeotogical. b exploration \ \ c ciüt engineering avionicsequipment d maritimeapplications e f GPs in cars and trucks
naügation and safet1rat sea setting out positionsand levetsof new structures mappingsurhce features appticationsin miningand the oil industry highwaynavigationand vehictetracking air trafficcontrol,naügation and autopilotsystems
ln pairs, practise explaining the applications of GPS in Exercise 3a to a colleague who has limited knowledge of the devices using the following
phrases.
usedfor -ing
4a
usedto
usefulfor
another/ a similar use
Complete the following extracts from the conversation by underlining the correct words. 1 ... there's a setting on the CPS that allows/prevents it to detect the movement... 2 ... an alarm sounds to warn gou, and allows/prevents the boat from drifting unnoticed. 3 ... and enables/ensures that gou don't lose track of where gou were, which then enables/ensures uou to turn round and come back to the same point... Match the words in Exercise 4a to the synonyms.
: makessure
2-
I
: permits 3
= SIoPS
Complete the following extract from the user's manual of a GPS device using the verbs in Exercise 4a. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.
you to locate your precise The core function of your GPS receiver is to (1) geographicalposition. To (2) the device to function, it receives at least three signals simultaneously from the GPS constellation - 30 dedicated satellites which (3) extremely precise receivers can function anywhere on earth. To (a) positioning and (5) errors from occurring due to external factors, this device is designed to receive four separate signals (see enhanced system accuracy on page 18).
In pairs, explain the main functions and applications of a product made by your company or a product you know about. Student A, you are an engineering manager; Student B, you are a new employee. Use the language from this section and the phrases in the box. Swap roles and practise again. I see.5o ...
0K. In otherwords...
So vou mean...
Unit 1 Technology in use
I
Exptaininghowtechnologyworks 6a
pairs, look at the picture and discuss the following questions.
ln o . . o
b
How do you think a space elevatorwould work? What could it be used for? What technicalchallengeswould it face? How seriouslydo you think the conceptof space elevatorsis being taken at present?
Read the following article and compare it to your answers in Exercise 6a.
lN his 1979 novel,Ihe Fountainsof Paradise,ArthurC Clarke wroteabout an elevatorconnecting the earth's surfaceto space. Threedecades later,this sciencefictionconcept is preparingto take otf in the realworld. NASA has launchedthe Space ElevatorChallenge,a competitionwitha generousprizefund,and severalteams and companiesare workingon seriousresearchprojects aimedat winningit. As its name suggests,a space elevatoris designedto Íaise things intospace' Sate||ites, componentsÍorspace ships, supp|iesÍorastronautstn space stations,and even astronautsthemselvesare examplesof payloads thatcou|d be tÍansportedjntoorbitwithoutthe need
C
The answeris by using an incrediblystrongand lightweight cable, strongenoughto support its own weightand a heavy|oad'The design oÍsuch a cab|eis This would be attached to a base stilllargelytheoretical. stationon earthat one end and a satellitein geostationary orbit(lixedabove a pointon the equator)at the other.Lift vehicleswould then ascend and descend the cable, powered by e|ectromagnetic Íorceand control|ed remotelv.
Match the verbs (l -9) from the text in Exercise 6b to the definitions (a-i). 1 2
connecting raise
a b
carried (objects, over a distance) hotdsomethingfirmty/ bearits weight
3
transpoÉed support
c d e f g
climb down providedwith energy/ moved by a force joining
h i
ctimbup tift / makesomething go up
4 5 6 7 8 9
7a
rockets. ÍorexpIosiveand environmentaIly unÍriend|y However,the altitudeof orbitalspace - a colossal35,790 km above the earth- is a measureof the challengefacing engineers.How could such a heightbe reached?
attached ascend descend powered controlled
driven / have movementdirected fixed
Space Elevgfors James, an engineer, is giving a talk on qble is signiícont. space elevators. o To (2) its own weighf, ond be securely (3) _________ o.! Complete his notes each end, cable would need phenomenal strenqth_to_weight ratio. using the correct _ . How could vehicles be (4) _ into form of the verbs cable? . Self-containe4 sltergv source problemotic, due to (l-7) in Exercise weight (heavy fuel ol 6c. (5) batferies required c u to tu \)/ _ _ vehic V enlcle.). ^)
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c Two possible ways round problem: _*:yt.l"r:,r,ry
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ut fechnique only ot research stage.
z , ' o l a rp o w e r . B u tw o u l d otuffio*ty. ""ty y:tt::!!:fblem, t-1\ ( // _
Unit 1 Technology in use
as cor could bu ,ortrollJ
payloads unmonned.
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_-
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8a
b
)t.Z tisten to part of James'talk and check your answers in Exercise 7a.
c
What kinds of word are missing from the notes? ln pairs, compare the audioscript on page 86 with the notes in Exercise 7a. Some space elevator designs propose an offshore base station. In pairs, discuss how such a system might work using words in Exercise 6c. What advantages might an offshore base have compared with a land base? )t.3 James goes on to discuss offshore base stations. Listen to the talk and answer the following questions. ] How wou|dan oÍfshorebase station be suooorted? 2 What would the functionof its anchors be? 3 How would payloadsreach the base station? 4 W h a t p r o b l e mw o u l da m o b i l eb a s e s t a t i o nh e l p t o p r e v e n t ? 5 What would the procedurebe if there was an alert?
9a
You are members of a space elevator research team designing a concept for offshore base stations. ln pairs, analyse the notes below, which were made during a briefing given by your manager. lmagine you are giving a presentation. Begin by reading out the abbreviated notes in full.
*\..\ \ \ L\
.......
\ L\r
L r r r r r r I I r r.r=l-L-t
Ú f 3 o 3l3 e 0 Ü 0 0 o t t o | |J
- AN'HoR|NGa?w?uL6l0N l56uÚ6 oFF6HoR'ÉAsE6TA.t1oN Anchoring ayatom ulindloadson Lablevrillbe huge.ulhatimplicaiions for anchoring slstom? Éase Willn?,od lo bgmovodcontinuall1, sometimes urgentl1. vrlhat tomp system couldbe ussdto holdbassin position? 9a* in shallowwatgrnearcoasi,or deepwalerfurtheroffshorg? óhoicewill haveimpacton dosignoÍanchors1stem. ?ropulsion ststem \^lillWeight oÍcab\e allowbaseto bs movedb1ownProPollors? Or more powerful 5.í5t9m for propulaion andcontro| noc.?o.g.ertern'powersource? !n pairs, discuss the questions raised in the notes and think of some suitable solutions for the anchoring system and the propulsion system. At this stage, these should be overall concepts, not detailed designs. Remember to make notes. ln small groups, take turns to give a short talk using your notes to explain how the systems work, in general terms. lmagine you are speaking to a small group of colleagues, including your manager. write two or three paragraphs to summarise your talk. These will be included in your manager's longer report on offshore base stations.
Unit 1 Technologyin use
technicaladvantages Emphasising
I 10
ln pairs, discuss the term technical advantage' Give some examples of technology you are familiar with.
77a
Read the first ParagraPh of some promotional literature from Otis, a leading elevator company. What is the Gen2" system?
OTISf,,ioJl
b tvtatctrthe words (l -6) from the text in Exercisel l a to the sYnonYms(a-0' 1 2 3 4 5 6
conventional eliminates \ superior \ \ energy-efficient enhanced reduces
a b c d e f
At theheartof theGen2ruelevatorsystem to byandunique be|t(deveIoped is a Í|at stronger it is Yet thick. 3mm is lt Otis). lust steelcables.lt lastsup thanconventional Andit hasenabled to threetimeslonger. The theelevator' re-invent Otisto completely eliminates belttotally flat,coated-steel effectof conventional themetal{o-metal with Coupled a smooth-surface systems. theresultis sheave, machine crowned andsuperior quietoperation exceptionally Ílat theÍ|exib|e Furthermore, ridecomfort. energya morecompact, beltenables whichcanbecontained machine, eÍficient This inthehoistwaY. enhancedtechnologY and reducesbuilding costs, operating system andfreesupvaluable space.
decreases better / the best improved standard,usual gets rid of has low energYconsumPtion
Completethe followingtext usingthe correct form of the words (1-6) in Exercise I I b' You will need to use some words more than once'
nar ,,0;;;;;;m ::p;ff:Y berts, pu,.r' inth.";ffi;,T#.
ilHlillililiuing
tliiltiügl;;:öm# H, Hli.űJ
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?jJ;:ll''' ;*;-ff ilT ffi ;;:í':fi matntenance personnel for
sYstem that1a)-
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10
system. Discuss In pairs, summarise the advantages of the flat belt automation' durability, wear, noise, space' cleanliness' efficiency' maintenance and cost. in use Unit 1 TechnologY
I 72a
Complete the following tips on emphasising technical advantages using the words in the box. conventionatetiminated enhanced reduced superior When describingtechnicaladvantages,it's usefulto emphasise... a(l)-performance,comparedwiththeo|dermode|ofthesame product. bnegativeissuesthathavebeen(2)-,orcomp|ete|y (3)_. c special features that differentiatethe technology from (4) sysrems. dperformance|eve|sthatmakethetechno|ogy(5)-tothe comDetition. )t.l Stefan, an engineer, is briefing some sales colleagues on the advantages of a new pump design. Listen to the briefing and match the tips (a-d) in Exercise I 2a to the extracts (l -4).
ExtractI -
Extract2 -
Extract3 -
Extract4
Complete the following sentences from the briefing by underllning the correct emphasising word. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
We've come up with a completelg/significantlg unique profile. lt completelg/dramaticallg reduces vibration. Machines lilse these can never be entirelg/highlg free from vibration. The new design runs dramaticallg/extremelA smoothlA. Another advantage of the new profile is thot it's consideroblg/entirelg lighter. So compared with our previous range, it's highlg/totallg efficient. Trials so far suggest the design is completelg/exceptionallg durable. We expect it to be entirelg/significantlg more reliable than rival units.
Match the words in Exercise 12c to the synonyms. considenbly dnmatically entirely exceptionattyhighty totatty I
-l-
:completely
2
-l-
: significantly
3 -l-:
13
extremely
You are Otis engineers back in the l85Os, when elevators were new. ln pairs, prepare a short talk to brief your sales colleagues on the advantages of elevators for lifting people and goods. Emphasise the points below using the phrases and techniques from this section. Remember that people at this time are sceptical about the technology. Elevatorsare ... safe - a reliablebraking systemeliminatesthe danger of a car falling if a cable fails o simple - they'recontrolledfrom the car and are very easy to operate o
o o
convenient- they'reeasier on the legs than the conventional alternative (stairs) valuable- they enhancethe value of land by allowingtaller buildings on smaller areas Unit 1 Technologyin use
11
technical Simplifyíng andil[ustrating explanations
I t4
a )r.l Richard,a structural engineer,often takes clients on guided tours of their new buildingsduring construction.He is talking about explaining technicalconceptsto non-specialists.Listen and answerthe following questions. technicalconcepts? I WhatdoesRichardsay aboutexplaining 2 Whatdoeshe meanby dul/explanations? 3 What is beingpatronising? b ln pairs, think of some tips on how to solve the followingprobtems. I not being understood 2 beingpatronising 4 sounding dull
3 explainingdifficultconcepts
C )r.o Richard is giving some advice about the problemsin Exercise l4b. Listen and summarisehis ideas. Compare his tips with your suggestions. 15
d Richard has made notes for a guided tour of a site. The project is a skyscraperin the early stagesof construction.During the tour he explainsthe technical terms to the non-specialistgroup. ln pairs, discuss the following terms and try to interpret them using everydaylanguageto rephrasethem.
SUBSTRUCTURE Pi/e foundations Bored
(in generaD
in situ concrete
Pre-cast
driven
pi/es
concrete
pi/es
Pi/e driver 7/e auger Bentonite
)t.l Rictrarais givinga tour of a constructionsite. Listen and make notes of his explanationsof the followingtechnicalterms. Compareyour ideas with his. I the substructure the.e*rt.-of.th.e.5tvract$re.5 pre-castpiles 6 to drivein (a pile) be!p.w.9!,.q!^14.................... 7 a piledriver 2 a pile foundation 8 a pileauger 3 to bore (a pile) 9 bentonite 4 in situ concrete
t2
Unit 1 Technologyin use
I Listen again and compare Richard's explanations with the tips in Exercise l4c. Which techniques did he use? Were they successful? Complete the following table using the words in the box. basicatty(x2) ca[[ effectivety essentially imagine other picture refer sinrpk simply Function 1 Simpti[ring the language
Words/ Phrases 1n sinple terms/ put
2 3 4
whatwe if you-
Simptifoing the concept Focusing on technicalterms lltustratingwith images
/ -
/ / whatwe/ if you
/ in -words
f-
to as
ln pairs, practise explaining the technical terms in Exercise l5a using the simplified words and phrases in Exercise l5d.
t6
Read the textbook description of two types of pile foundation. Use the words and phrases in Exercise l5d and the following notes to rephrase it. From a structural perspective, pile foundations can be divided into two categories: end-bearing piles and friction piles.
lmargirnewartev
End-bearing piles are driven or bored through soft ground in order at\á the sea|beL to attain firm substrata below. The pile then transmits load vertically Like statrráitg o\ to firm subsoil or bedrock. The soft ground surrounding the sides of stilts i\ warfev the pile is structurally redundant.
luaargile ar leg a,|\), é\ Poo|
17
Friction piles counteract downward loads from the structure through frictional resistance between the sides of the pile and the surrounding ground, and do not therefore rely on firm substrata. In some cases, the diameter of the concrete at the pile's base is widened
Like ar h4il i\ woo)t
by compaction, allowing the increased area to give the friction pile a certain degree of end-bearing resistance.
You are showing a non-specialist visitor around your company and explaining technical concepts using simplified language. In pairs, practise explaining a product or type of technology that you are familiar with.
in use Unit 1 Technology
13
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UNIT 2
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a a o
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Describingspecific materiats Categorising materials Specifoingand describing properties Discussingquatityr issues
Describingspecificmateriats ln pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling.Use the following examples and your own ideas. breaking up ships demol.ishing buitdings recycling electronicsscrapping cars
2a
Read the following web page and complete the missing headings using the words in the box. Aluminium Copper Gtass Plastic Rubber 5tecl Timber
1ííE c YcLABLE Li!ÁÍERl ALs t
Sfeel Scrap can be sortedeasilyusing magnetism.lf the metalis galvanised(coated withzinc)the zinc is Íu||y recyc|ab|e' |Íit is stain|essstee|,othermeta|smixedwiththe iron, such as chromiumand nickel,can also be recoveredand recycled. rE
2 Soding is critical,as thereare key differencesbetweenthe clearand coloured materialused in bottlesand Jars,and the high-gradematerialused in engineering applications,which containstraces of metals. y 3 Scarcitymakes recyc|ingespecia|lydesirab|e,and justiÍies the cost of removinginsulation Írome|ectricwires,which are a majorsource of scrap. Pure meta|can also be recoveredfrom alloysderivedfrom it, notablybrass (whichalso containsquantitiesof zinc, and oftenlead)and bronze(whichcontainstin). t4 The cost of meltingdown existingmetalis significantly cheaperthan the process of electrolysis, energy-intensive which is requiredto extractnew metalfrom ore.
rE
Hardwoodand softwoodcan be reused,However,the frequentneed to 5 removeironmongeryand saw or planeoff damagededges,can make the processcostly.
y
Tyresare the primarysourceoÍrecyc|ab|e 6 materia|. These can be reusedwho|e in certainapplications.They can also be groundintocrumbs which havevarieduses. y 7 An obstacleto recyclingis the need to son waste carefully. Whilesome types can be melteddown for reuse,manycannot,or resultin low-gradematerial. y a)
74
T
Unit 2 Materiatstechnology
I
Match the materials from the web page (l-8) in Exercise 2 to the definitions (a-h). 1 stainlesssteet.,''a 2 zinc I b \c 3 iron d 4 bronze e 5 lead f 6 hardwood g 7 ore h 8 softwood
a metalusedto makebrass,andin galvanisedcoatingson steel metalin steel the predominant a \rpe of steelnot needinga protectivecoating,as it doesn'trust a dense,poisonousmetal rocksfromwhichmetalscanbe extracted an a[[oymadefromcopperandtin timberfrompinetrees trees timberfromdeciduous
Compfete the following sentences using from, with or of . I Bronze containssignificantamounts o{ copper. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Calvanisedsteel is steel coated -zinc. iron. Steel is an alloy derivedalloys. Pure metals can usuallybe recoveredother metals. To producestainlesssteel, iron is mixed chromiumand nickel. Stainlesssteel containsquantities metals,such as lead. Glass tablewarecontainstraces ore, the costs can be high. When new metal is extracted
ln pairs, ask and answer questions about different materials using the following phrases.
3
a
lrina, an ecological adviser, is talking to a group of engineers on a training course about environmentally friendly design. ln pairs, discuss the ideas from her slide and give some examples. )z.t Listen to an extract from the talk and compare your ideas with what lrina says. What example does she use to illustrate her main point? )z.z lrina asks the engineers to do a simplified environmental audit. Their task is to compare steel and aluminium car bodywork from an ecological perspective. Listen to Sophia and Pete, two of the engineers, discussing the topic and make notes of their ideas. ln pairs, do an environmental audit for the following applications and materials. Use the words and phrases in the box.
Application wiresin vehicles I electrical 2 externalwallsin houses
Materials copperandaluminium bricksand softwood
I think so / I'd say so I'm (not) sure as far as I know ... thats an importantconsideration that needsto be researched coated derived mixed recovered recycled
-
Categorisingmaterials What do you know about braking systems? In pairs, discuss the following questions. I 2
5a
Cenerallyspeaking,what do brakes do and how do they work? What kinds of materialare used in brake pads and brake discs in different vehicles?
Read the article on braking systems. In the title of the article, what do the colours green and red refer to?
b
In pairs, answer the following questions. I 2 3 4
Why do most braking systemswaste energy? What are regenerativebraking systems,and how do they save energy? What characteristicsare requiredof materialsused for the brakes on racingcars? What is meant by heat soak, and why is it a problem in racingcars?
GREEN BrÜAKEs
- A RED HOT TOPIC IN MOTOR
RACING
As motor racing goes green, Formula I is aiming to lead automotive research in finding hi-tech efficiency gains. One of the keys to this ecological drive is regenerative braking (also known as kinetic energy recovery), which recovers generated during energy deceíeration.and stores it as a source of power for subsequent acceleration.
materials, and discs made of feÜous metal. The resulting friction generates heat, which is wasted. In performance cars, this phenomenon is taken to extremes, and due to the high temperatures generated, The potential for recovering brake discs are often made out energy also extends to the of ceramics. heat generated by engines The carbon discsand pads used and exhaust systems. This on Formula I cars generate area has also been discussed so much heat that they glow as a oossible area for future Regenerative brakes limit red hot. High temperatures exploitation in motor racing. the energy loss inherent in are, in fact, necessary for the Heat recovery might offer the traditional braking systems. In effective operation of carbon added benefit of reducing most vehicles. conventional brakes. But there3 still plenty heat soak ítherma|absorption pads of potential for recovering the by the chassisf as delicate brakes comprise previouslymade from asbestos- kinetic energy, rather than alloy parts and sensitive nonbased composites, but now mere|y dissípating it ín the metallic materials, such as polymers, are susceptible to consisting of compounds* form of heat. heat damage. of exotic. non-hazardous
C
Match the materiats from the text (l-7) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
16
I
to the descriptions (a-g).
compounds1 a exotic \ U \ \ g ferrous
materialsthat are not metal iron and steel combinationsof materials
ceramics al.Loy non-metallic polymers
mixture of metals plastic materials mineralstransformedby heat rareor complex
d e f g
Unit 2 Materialstechnology
I
ln pairs, take turns to describe an object using the words from Exercise 5c and the phrases in the box. Ask your partner to guess what it is. comprise
consistof
madefrom
madeof
madeout of
6 a You are going to give a talk on compositestechnologyat a construction materialstrade fair. In part of the talk, you focus on reinforcedconcrete as a well-knownexampleof a compositematerial. Prepare your talk using words and phrasesfrom this section and the followingnotes.
hmpositematerials (ammonetample:reinforcedconcrete(verywidelyusedcomposite) Lement(derived fron lime)
(qravelor crushed ftgregate f:i:r:fgrrg"te(und)+clarseaggregate Water + chemical additives (e.9.plasticiser to improve w1rk^bility) kinforcement (steel barq fixed together withsteel tie wirQ
b
ln small groups, take turns to give your talk.
c
Margit, a sales engineer, is describing a high-voltage cable. Before you listen, label the cross-section with the parts (a-e).
a b c d e
insulation wateroroof membrane outerjacket armouredprotection conductor
2
)z3 tisten to the descriptionand check your answersin Exercise6c. Match the parts of the cable (a-e) in Exercise6c to the followingcategoriesof materials (l -5). You will need to use some parts more than once. I non-metallic at 4 non-ferrousmetal 2 metallic 5 polymer-based 3 ferrous metal Imagineyou are presentinga product or applianceyou knowwell to a potential client. Describethe categoriesof material used to make the different parts.
Unit 2 Materiatstechnology
t7
Specifyingand describingproperties
I 8a
In pairs, discuss what you know about the properties of Kevlar@and how it is used.
b
Read the following extract from DuPont'"'s technical guide to Kevlar@. Compare the information with your ideas from Exercise 8a.
\^/HATIS KEVLAR,@? KEVLAB@is an orgarricfiber DtrPontÍl'1 The in the arornaiicpolyanridefanri{y. properties lunique and distinctchemical Co|-1pos|Llon ot KEVLÁRe distingtrisn tllan nlade it Íromothercot-,rtllercia]' Íibers' KEVLAR@has a uniqueconrbination nroduius, toughness, abrasion of l'rrgh resrstance ar'crIlrernral stabilty.lt r,vas industrial developedfor der-nanciing applrcations. arldadvanced-technology rrany types of KEVLAR@are Currently. procluced to rrreeT a oroadrirngeof end usesthatrequirestrong,ltghtwerght. rraterials. cltirable CopyrightDuPontde Nemours
or its affitiates Company or trademarks of E.I.duPontde Nemours DuPont"andKevtar@ areregistered trademarks Find words in the text in Exercise 8b to match the following definitions. foraghness : the opposite of fragility 1 : resistanceto damage caused by friction 2 3-:reS|Stancetoproblemscausedbytemperaturechange 4 -: long-lasting : the opposite of heavy 5 -
9a
Match the automotive parts (l -5) to the descriptions (a-e). t drivebelts 2 brakepads 3 tyres 4 sealinggaskets armour 5 butlet-resistant
a b c d e
sheetsinsertedbetweenpartsto preventgasor fluid leakage pneumatic in contactwiththe roadsurface envelopes systems flexiblebandsusedin transmission gunshots protective barriers capableof resisting padspressed againstdiscsto inducedeceteration
Read the information from DuPont'uon the following page explaining some of the automotive applications of
[email protected] the text using the automotive parts in Exercise 9a.
18
Unit 2 Materiatstechnology
I
(1)haverncorporated Car and trr-rck Kevlar@intotheirconstruction becauseit offers
allolvthernto lastloi'rgand stop the rrelricle saÍe|y and qrtietly.
n ru lr t lavi r( u r roa . oe h r corlnu' J