Alien Wisdom THE LIMITS OF HELLENIZATION
.ARNALDO MOMIGLIANO . FORMERLY PROF£.550R Of ANClt:NT Hl$T0RY, UN'IVER:SITY C...
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Alien Wisdom THE LIMITS OF HELLENIZATION
.ARNALDO MOMIGLIANO . FORMERLY PROF£.550R Of ANClt:NT Hl$T0RY, UN'IVER:SITY COLL£C£ LONDON
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Published by the Syndics of lbc: Cambridge Univtrsil)' Press Tihc Pin Building. Trurnpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP 40 WC!It20th Sttee~ New York, NY 10011-4211 , USA 10 Swnford Road. OalcJ.c:igh. Mdbourne 3166, Australia
0 Cambridge UnivtaiiJ' Pn:.s< 1971
FirSt published 1975 R<prinrbire library of C"'tf'u C.lal'flti"!. i• l'Nblil>lli,. Dill•
Momigliano. A=ldroti&~ is without article, just as i\la.~ iJ without article in 10.1. I do not know of any thorough research on the usage of the article with personal names in 11 Maccabees. Pending further research, I cannot consider the word .1\InKa.,&ioarmsl2dt 191'6 Wcischc, A., St..Jir" :nu polisische" Sprade tler riimischett Republik, Miinstcr 1966 · Wieackcr, F., 'Die XII Tafdn in ihrem Jahrhundert', Les origitU:s tie Ill Rlpuhli9w romtri..e, Fondation Hardt E.ntrctiens xm (Vandoeuvrcs-
Gencve 1966}, 293-356 Will, E., H~ polilitfw tiu montie llelllnistiqw 1-11, Nanq 1t;f16-7 Walbank, F. W., A Hisl«iC4l Comment4ry 011 Polybiru 1-11, Oxford 1957-67 Haflter, H., Romist:he Politik untl romische Politiker, Heidelberg 191'7 Oppemiann, H. (ed.), Romisclte Werthegriffe, Dacmstadt r91'7 Schdold, K., Die Grieehen unti i~ Nuhbarn, Berlin 191'7 }o.ilovic, S., 'Lykophroo ', in Pauly-Wissowa, R.E., Suppl. 11 (19118), 888-
930 Schndder, C., Kulturgescllirhte tin Hdknismru 1-u, Miinchen 1~ Hcurgoo, f., Rome a Ill Mltiiterranle Oeeitient4/e jusqu'tuU guerres puniquei, Paris 11)69 Salmon, E.. T., Roman Colonization 11ntier the Republic, London 11)69 Peters, F. E., The HaN!ul of Hellenism, New Yo.-k 1970 Schlumbergtt, D., L'Ori~nl lo~lllnisl, Paris 1970 Ampolo, C., 'Analogic e rapporti fra Atenc e Roma ~rcaica', Parola ti~l Passalo 141 (t97t), +13-57 !Xiningtt, J., Du politisclo~ Witkrst4nti gegm Rom in G~chenlanti 217-86 11. Chr., Berlin 1971 Torelli, M., 'JI santuario di Hera a Gravisca', Pamla Jel Passalo 136
(1971),
+!-67
Boyan Timpe, D.,
'Fabiu~
Pietor und die Anfange Ziegler, K., 'Polybios', in Pauly-Wissowa, R.E. 21,2 (1 95>), •14-578 De Sanctis, G., Storia dei Romani rv, 2 , 1, Firenze 1953 Rcinharda:, K., ' Poseidonios von Apamtia ', in Pauly- Wissowa, R.E. u, l (
1953). 558-826
Fritz, K. von, TM Theory of tlu Mi:ud Constitr~tion in Antiquity; 11 t:ritM.I analysis of Polybius' politit:al ideaJ, Ntw York 1954 De Miranda, A., • La irrdigiosidad de Polibio ', Emeril4 24 ( 1956), 27-4} Gabba, E., Appiano e la stori11 Jdk guerre civili, Fircnze 1956 Schmirt, H. H., 'Hdlencn, Romer und Barbaren. Ei nc Srudic zu Poly· bios', Wiuenultaftl. Bei/ag,. zum faArukridt 1957-58 J. Hr~m. Gymnasiums Aultaffenburg, 3~48 Heurgon, J., 'The Date of Vegoia's Proph«y', fourn. Roman Studies 49 (rq~q), 41-5 1 54
Sdut bibliography Nock, A. D., 'Posidonius', Journ. Rom11n Studies 19 (1959), 1-15 Cote, Th., ' The Sources and Composition of Polybius VI', Hu tori11 13
(1961), +to-86
Pedech, P., ' Un gr« a la d.:COUverte de Rome. L'exil de Poly~·. Orpllnu 11 ( 1961), llJ-40 Pedeeh, P., lA mlthod~ hiftoriq~ dr Polybr, Paris 1961 Brunt, P. A., ' Reflections on British and Roman Imperialism ', ComptzN· tiv~ StJuigs in Sod~l)- a1td history 7 (196')), 267-88 Candiloro, E., 'Politiea e cultura in Atene da Pidna alia guerra mitrida· tica', St~tdi CI4Ssici e Orientali 14 (1965), 13'1- 76 Dahlhcim, W., D~Jitio unJ Soci~w. diss. Miinehen 1965 l'edeeh, P., ' Les idees religi-53 Eisen, K. F., Polybiosiaterpretllzio,ut, Heidelmg t966 Fraser, P~ 'The Alexandrian View of Rome', B.JI. Soc. Arch.
AleJCilnd~
42. (1967}. 1-16 Lehma.n n, G. A., UntusiKhungm z~~r ltistorisckn Glllubwiirditk~it des Polybios, Munster 1967 Muni, D., 'Polibio e la democrazia', Ann. SN~ola Normal~ Pu11 2, 36
( •967), 155-:W7
Badian, E., Roman lm~alism in IM Lot~ Rrp..blic, 2nd ed., Oxford
•968 La Penna, ~ Sallustio ~ la •ri'·oluzion~' rom11n: A Stwdy in K~ltic- PrelliJtory, London 1927 Bienkowski, P. von, Les Cc/tu Jans lu arts min~ur; Grlro·romains,
Cracow 1928 Clac, M., Muslllia, Maneille 1927-9 Jacob«bal, P.-Neulfer, E., 'Gallia Grxca', PrH.Utoire 2 (1933). 1-64 BrocM, G.-E., Pytlllu k MasslllU>te, Paris 1935
Brunei, J., 'La ltgcndc de ColiWius·, Rev. Plliklogic Jacobsthal, P., &rly Celti& Art, 2 vols., Oxford
10 ( 1936). 333-44
19+4
Grenitt, A., Les GIIMioiJ, Paris 1945 (new ed. with bib!. by L. Harii12Jld, · Paris 1970) Hubcn, H., Les Cates depllis Npoque th La nn~ d ill ris 19)0 Goosscns, G., 'Artistes et artisans ~ttangcrs en Pase sous lr• Acht'· m~nidcs', La NouwUc Clio 1- 2 (19+9-)o), 32-4'1 Koster, W. J. W., Le mythc dr Platon, d~ 7.ar11tlrustra et do Cllaltl!nr;, Leiden 1951 Tarn, W. W., Tlrr Gucks in Bat'tria and lndi11, 2nd cd., Cambridge H))J Schlumbcrgcr, D., 'L'argent grcc dans I'empire acMmenidc', in M;moius dr la D!llgation Archlologiqtt~ Franraiu rn Afghanistn~~ 14 ( 1953), 3-64 . Festugiere, A. j., La Rlullation d'Hcrm~s T nsmlgisu l-1'1, Paris 19H.. ~4 Ghirshman, R., lran from tilt Ea#irst Times to thr lslamic Co11qursr. Harmondsworth 1954 7..aehncr, R. C., Thr Trc~chings of the Magi, London 1956 O.ten, H. H. von dcr, Dir Writ dtr P~rsrr ('Gros-. Kulturen tier Fruhuit'), Sru1tgan 1956
,.,J
165
S(k~l bib/i<Jgraphy Duchesne.Cuilkmin, J~ T M W es~n R~tpotu~ 14 ZOI'O 93, 103-... 115-16, 120 AristoS of Salamis 16 Aristotle 141
Aninoc In Philopator 39 Artapanus u6 Anavasdes, king of Almenia 139 Anaxerxes I 911, 125. t 37-8 Anemidoros of Ephesus 67, 72 ~eth, wik of Joseph JJ7-18 A5oka 7 Astin, A. E. u Athenaeus 34• 39· 67, 14~ Athenian 3N AtosSa 28 Attalus I 6o, 62 Attalus D 59 Augustine, St 3
1J5,
Jndn of Nt~mts Aup~US Sl.
68. 140. 149 ad Hdlcnivn 8 ad 'C!I!I'D imperialism p. 65
aDd Jews 911 A vimus SJ-8
.
Badiae
£. z
Bar Xocbba
, ,u ~
112
llcll'"'im, E. Bemaya, Jacob
123
85
Bet-...92 Bickamaa, E. 81, 91, 97• 1o6 Bidcz, J. 1+4 Bicbwski, 1ouf 136 Bbsiua of Cumac 39 8oF. N. 1]9 1IR:Aaua 6:t Brunt, P. A. 25 Buddha 8
C2audiu 13 Caodills Marcdlus, M. 2.11, J7-8 Clcatdwa of Soli Br6 Ck n • • Alcx•ndriaus n6, 145 aeod ... (Malcbus) 93 Cl.iwchos I Jot-5
Co&ocat4J CoMuciua 8 Corodius l'lepot era.-, M. L. 139
s
CtaiaaiJO,IJl..... Cu111011t, P. 144 Cyrus, ltinJ of Prnia ,_ 123-5,
1 p~
1,34. 145
Cyrus tbr Youllp 133
Ca«ilius of c.lactc 91 Cacpio 68 Caenr 52, ~ ~ 68. ']0-2
Damnpbilm 34 Duius 911, I 24-6, t 2.11, I J0-1, .1J8 Datis!)S David, kin' 75 Dccius Mua, P. 16 Dekor, M. 1o8 Delllalldt, A. IJI
Callias of Syracuse 15
Demaraws 132
CaJ!imachus 16, 61 Callisthenes 67
Demctrius Phakreus 92-j, 116, 138 Demetrius Poliorccta 13 Demctriua •the IDpOgnpher. 66
CambJiesl24
Cameades 5 Camtdli, GiovalliU Pugliese 125 Cuauboa 47 »-7. Jll, 49o
99 Calumuudus 52 Crllloriaus, L. 5 au~
ot MytikM ~~
Ciw'oo 51 Choerilus 77 ~n. Arthur 133
Chrysippus of Soli 92 Cieero 1• 5· p. J8, 94 ud Greeks .:ao- t and Jews n1- 2 udl'asianst+4 and Pocidnnius 70-1 Cicborius, Coorad 5D
Ocmoc;riws 9> r46 D~t42
Dio Cbrf-romus 141, 146 Diodes of l'cpardb111 18 Diodorus ~ 26, JO, 67 as histociall 33"'5> 46, 71
ud Jews S..,
121
and Penialll 133> •35 Diogcnes Laeni111 J. 146 Dioftysius I I .. 6o Dioftysius of Olaru 140 Dionysius of Halicamassus 46, 17
DiotcoridesJ..S Divitixus 70 ~rucitl. Frau
78
Duchesne-Guillcmin, J. 128-<j Dumnorix 70 Duris 16
Dun!, P. 59
a-,9
Elcn
Cia110 55
Empcdodes 126, 142
• • ~L ""' pnna:ss 13
172
Index of Names Hrataeu~ of Milctus 78,
&nius 4t '7• 30, 38 Epborus sS-9. 74t a. Entoothc:ocs 4o 16, J9, 59 Eratoolhena the You11p &J Euandcr 19 Eudemus 143 Eudoxus 143-4 Eu~mDCI of Cardia 132 Eunus 34o 40 Eupolemus 93o 113 Euripides 139 Eusebi111 94 Euthyrncaes 57 Ez.echiel?'-3o Ezra Ill, "5
126
Hdiodorus 98-9 Hcrxlida Pooticus IJ, 6o, 43
Hcndiws ·~ H=uks 19. 93> '39 Hcnnes Trismcgistus 3o 7, '+4•
·~
Hcrmippus 93. '44-5 HeubOdoc us 1i3 Herodotut J, n, 28, 57• 92 as historiu lS• 81 and Jews 74-s. 77
and ~iaru I~JJ, '42 Hier011ymus of Cardia •S. 63
Pabius Cunc!1u. 19 Pabius Mui- , Quilltus JO Fabius Pic1or, C. 15 Fabius Pictor, Q. 18, 19. 43o 6s. 9l Fadus, Cuspius 111 Pclix, Antnaius 111 Festus 99 Fmltclstein, Louis 90 Firdausi 134 Flamininus, Lucius QuiDCtius 1.7 Flamininus, Tilus Quinctius 18, Jl Fluuer, Dnid 14S Freudenthal, }. 116 Friedlioder, Paul 24 Pritz, Kurt too +4 Frye, R. N. 1lS-<J Gabba, Emilio 46 Gaius, adopci•c son of Augustus 140
Hilld, hbbi 11 s. n8 Hippocnta ~~ 'SI Hi$tixus Ill HobloD, J. A. 17 Holleaux, Mauricc +4 Homer J, 77• 124 Hyranus, John 103 Hystaspcs, Map t,.ti
lamblichus 5 Ion of Chic. 8t Isacua ?6 lsidorc of Cbvax 140 lsidorc of Se-.ille 55 boc:rata I 35
Jacoby, Fdix 39. 57 lacger, Wc:mcr 144 }aaon, High Priest 113 }asoo of ~ne 103-5 }aspen, Kart 8 }ehoialtin, 1011 of king of }udah ?6
Jeremiah 75. n. 82
Gmhcvitch, l 127
GOtzc, Albrecht ·u&-9 Gracchus, Gaius 35 Gutschmid, A. von 116
Jerome, St SS. 71, 103 Jcmh, king of }udah 75 f'«l 79
Joscph 117-18
Hadrian 40> 111 HamHcar 6s Hannibel 4-s. :a8, 4C>-I, 43o 57.66 Harpagus the Medc 123
Ja.epb, 1011 of Tobiah 88
Hatdrubll
and PtniaDS Josiah75
Joscphus, PlaYius 9:1, 94
n.
and Jews 89-9n. 97· 102-J, to6, to8, Ita
6s
Hudrubal (Oi1XIIri8Cbus) 5 Hccatacus of Abdert 3o 57, .,S. 14, 92, 94t 146
Julian 71.-3
Justin 55. I 46 1
73
141
lntkz of Names Kilpatrick, G. D. u8 Klolz, Alfred 68 Kohdrt 79o 8&-7, 95
Meaippus 87 Miltiades 125 Mi.aonki. V. 139 Mithridatcs, king of Pontus 33>
., 115, Mnaseas 94
Yctalltius 146
Laclius, c.
20
Molon, Apollonius 19- 94> MomJDS t8, 23, 24· as. 46 and Pcnians 133- 139 Ps.-Plul3rCh 67 Pohlenz, M. 31 Pollio, Asinius 46 Polybius 2 4'· 44-7 and rdigioD 4o-1 and Scipio Acmilianus 22- 4 Polycliws of Larissa 135 Polycratcs 125 Pompq 32., 35· _39, 40. sz. 121 and Judaea 105 , 12:1. and Posidonius 6]--$, 71-2 Porphyry Ss. 145-6 Posidonius 31-2 and Celts 12, 37, 411--9. 64, 67-71, 72 and Greeks J6, 38 and Jews 102., 121 and Persians 14o-1 and politics 48 and religion 4o-1 and 'Roman imperialism 32-3, 3&--9. 46 and slavery 33-5 and subversives 33-5 Postumius, Aulus 38 Postumius Megdlus, L. t8 Preaux, Oairc 4
Proclcs, 1011 of Euaates 5~ Proclus 143. ' 45 Piopcrtius 6:1. Prusias 59 Pu.mmrochus 75~ Piolemy I g,_3o 89 Ptolemy D P!Wadclphus 15. 6o-1, 119, 91, n6, 145 Ptokmy IV Philopatox 39
Ptokmy V Epipbanes CJ! Ptolemy VI PbilomellJC 66, 93> 99> IOJ, n6 Ptolemy XII Thcos ( 1) 119 Pugli~. G. C., see Carratelli Pyrrhus 5> 15. 17, 43 Pythagoras 3o 7, 56, 147~ and PcniaDs u8, '43> 145 Pytharchus I as~ ·
Pytharchus of Cyzicus Pytheas
1~
58. 74
Quintilian 135 Rambaud, Michd 72 Reinhardt, K. 131 ReitzcnsJein, R. 1:18 Riis, P. J. 75
Robcrt, Louis 86 Rutilius Rufus, Publius 32., 35 Sabus 19 Sachs, A. J. 110 Sallust 46 Salvemini, Gaetano :1.1 Salvianus 50 De Sanctis, G. '-7 Sargon 11 75 Scipio Aemilianus 5, :zo and Panaetius 31-2 and Polybius 22-5, 66 Scipio Alricanus, Publius 26, '-7• 40 Scipio Asiaticus, L. "7 Scipio Nuica, P. lJ, ~ 35 Scylax of Caryanda 6o, ras~ pseudo-Scylax 6o Segre, Mario 62
Sdeucua I 8s Sdeucus IV 9B
Sempronius Asdlio, L. 35
175
Itula of Names So ""I• c:cUus Sop'u11, P. 14 ~II!'Ca 'JO, 143
Servius 19 ScMuo Tulllus 15 ~xtus
Empiricus 144
Shamm•i Rabbi u8
•
Sbemayah, Rabbi IJ5 Sidoaius Apollinaria 50 Silcnus ol Caleacte i Siliua ftalicm 56 Simon, lOCI of Jodwws95o 98 Simonidcs of Mapcsia 61-2 ~n Sin, Simoa beD Jesus bat Eleaz.ar 95-6, 98. 119 Smadis 131 Soctai!S 24 Solomon93 Sopaaos of Paplxa 61 Sostntus of Aegiu u So.ylus of Sputa 4 SotioD ~. 146 Spdman, Edward 47-8 Spinoza, B. 86
Stalius CacciliiiS 17 Stcphanus of Byzatltium 59 Stem, S. M. 1j6 Strabo 41,