Простые и эффективные способы запоминания английских слов

И ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ АН ГП И Й С КИ Х СЛОВ * Доступность языкового материала Толкование простыми словамии | и в а ™ 1'1 синонимами

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ББК Ш 12= Ч32.1*9я72-3 Л13

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Л авреню к М. В. П росты е и эфф ективны е способы запоминания анг­ лийских слов.— Донецк: О О О «А гентство М ультипресс»: 2006,— 288 с. [БВЫ 966-519-041-5 К нига представляет наиболее употребительную лексику английского язы ка, необходимую для общ ения в официальной сфере и в быту. Все предложенные английские слова снабжены русскими эквивалентами, что позволяет читателю сфокусировать вним а­ ние на объяснении с элементами толкования на английском язы ке, развить память и облегчить воспроизведение конкрет­ ного слова. Для ш ирокого круга читателей, заинтересованных в расш и­ рении словарного запаса.

Книга подає найбільш уживану лексику англійської мови, необхідну для спілкування в офіційній сфері та в побуті. Усі запропоновані англійські слова мають російські еквіва­ ленти, що дозволяє читачеві сфокусувати увагу на поясненні з елементами тлумачення англійською мовою, розвинути паміять і полегшити відтвореня конкретного слова. Для широкого кола читачів, зацікавлених у розширенні слов­ никового запасу.

ББК Ш 12= Ч32.1*9я72-3

ISBN 966-519-041-5

© ООО «Агентство Мультипресс», 2005

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ П редлагаемая вниманию читателей кни га построена и форме англо-русско-английского толкового словаря. Основная ее з а д а ч а — представить наиболее употреби­ тельную лексику английского язы ка, необходимую для элементарного общения с окружаю щ ими в официальной обстановке и в быту, для поним ания простых текстов мри чтении, прослушивании радио- и телепередач. В кн и ­ гу не вош ли стилистически просторечные, ж аргонные )1 узкоспециальные слова. При отборе слов помимо частотности и актуальности ныражаемого словом понятия учиты валась ш ирота се­ мантических связей слова (способность слова вступать м сочетание с другими словами, возможность образова­ ния от данного слова других слов). Книга содержит примерно 2000 слов, отвечающих вы ­ ш еизложенным требованиям. Рассчитана на читателей, имеющих базовый (ш кольный) уровень знаний английс­ кого язы ка. Предназначена для индивидуальных само­ стоятельных занятий в удобное для читателя время. Запоминание английских слов связано с умением ис­ пользовать новую информацию в контексте с уж е имею­ щ имися знаниям и, обрабатывать ее до уровня доступ­ ности и легкого*усвоения. По словам известного психолога профессора К арла ( 'иш ора, «средниц человек использует не более 10% мрожденных возможностей своей пам яти, а остальные 00 % растрачивает впустую, поскольку наруш ает естеn] —

иитание — the process of feeding onion [ лгуэтп] — лук —

vegetable orange [ Drind3 ] — апель­

син — the reddish-yellow (flobose fru it cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates pan [paen] — сковорода

a metal container used in cooking and baking pancake [ pasnkeik] —

блин — a thin flat cake made of batter cooked in a pan

69 pare [pea'J — срезать, чистить — to cut o ff the outer surface or skin; to reduce the bulk o f some­ thing by rem oving th ick ­ nesses or portions pastry [ peistri] — пече­ нье — cookies, biscu its; baked goods pie [pai] — пирог — a

dish o f m eat, fr u it , jam baked with a pastry crust radish [ raedij] — редис­

ка — an annual plant, a vegetable raisin [ reizn] — изюм — various kinds of grape dried in the sun or artificially raspberry [ raizbaT]] —

малина — a fru it bush with small berries raw [го:] — сырой — un­ cooked; unprocessed; un­ refined; unfinished; unex­ perienced, untrained recipe [ resipi] — сред­

ство, рецепт — a list o f in­ gredients; a course of action recommended fo r produc­ ing some result

70 roast [ranist] — жарить, печь — to cook on a fire or in an oven; to feel extreme­ ly hot salt [soi 11] — соль — a white crystaline compound NaCl sandwich [ saendwitj] — бутерброд — two slices of buttered bread put face to­ gether with meat, fish, sa­ lad, vegetables between them sausage [ sosidg] — колбаса — finely minced meat salted and spiced is forced into a thin-walled tube which is herm etically closed by tying its ends sip [sip] — глоток — drink little by little; to drink a very small amount of tea/ coffee at one time sm ell [smel] — запах; пахнуть — to recognize something by means of the nose; to have or give o ff an odour snack [snaek] — легкая закуска — a light meal eaten between regular meals

Food

I

soup [su:p] — суп — ;i liquid food made by cooking meat and vegetables in water sour [ saua^] — кисльїіі — having an acid taste as lemon; unpleasant; irritat ed, bad-tempered spice [spais] — специя, пряность — any o f various plants used to season food, such as pepper and clove; something that adds zest or interest spoon [spu:n] — ложка — a domestic device consis­ ting o f a shallow, oval or round bowl at the end o f a handle used for eating liqu­ id or semiliquid food starvation [sta: veij'n] — голодовка — hunger; the act o f absence of food for a long period of time; famine steak [steik] — кусок — any slice o f meat or fish cut for cooking stew [ stju:] — тушеное мясо; париться — to cook food slowly by simmering; to be angry or worried

| Food sugar [ Juga^] — сахар — Hticrose, white crystallized form obtained by process­ ing the juice from sugar­ cane or sugar beet supper [ SAp^] — ужин — the last meal o f the day eaten in the evening sweet [swi:t] — сладкий — having pleasant taste like that of sugar or honey; a dessert, a cake or candy tangerine [,taend3 ^ ri:n] — мандарин — a sweet, juicy, reddish-orange citrus fruit having a skin that is easily peeled taste [teist] — вкус — the sense by which the flavour of something is distinguish­ ed; tasty [ teisti] — вкусный — pleasing to the taste, fla­ vourful, savoury

71 turkey [ta^ki] — индюк, индюш ка — a d om estic­ ated long- necked bird vegetable [ vedgita'bl] —

овощ — the part of a plant used as food, eaten cooked or raw (roots, leaves, flowers, stems, seeds, etc.) wine [wain] — вино — a drink made of the ferment­ ed juice of grapes; the dark, reddish — purple colour of red yeast [Ji:st] — дрожжи —

a substance found on the sur­ face of fermenting sugary liquid; used in bread making yolk |j34ik] — желток — the yellow central part of the egg o f a bird

thirsty [ 0a^:sti] — испы­ тывающий жажду — feel­ ing the need to drink some­ thing; lacking water; hav­ ing a strong desire tray [trei] — поднос — a flat vessel with a slightly raised rim used for carrying or displayng things

V egeta b le

ability — |Vbiliti] — спо­ собность, обилие способно­ стей; His ability to read and write English is good; skills, cleverness, talent able ['eibl] —способный, умелый; to be able to do = can absence ['asbsaiis] — от­ сутствие; a being away; a failure to be present; lack of something absent ['aebsaTit] — отсут­ ствующий, to be absent= not to be present

вать; he accents the new words adult ['aedAlt] — взрос лый; a person after 18 years old is an adult person advance [34l'va:ns] — про двигаться вперед; to prog ress; to go forward; to move forward; to happen sooner than planned or expected to aerate [Wreit], ['eiareit] — 1) проветривать; 2) га­ зировать; to fill with air

accent [ ‘aeksarit] — уда­ рение, произнесенное с ак­ центом; he reads with good accent

to afford |Vfo:d] — быть в состоянии позволить се­ бе, употребляется с глаго­ лом «сап»; to be in position to do something; to be able to buy smth; to give, to provide

to accent [aek sent] — де­ лать ударение, подчерки­

aim [eim] — цель, наме­ рение; прицел; a purpose;

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Intention; ambition; goal; main idea; core

change or development; to happen; to suit, to fit

allow [V lau ] — разре­ шить; to permit; to let

begin [bi'gin] — начи­ нать — to start

aloud |>'laud] — громко; іn a normal speaking voice, No as to be heard

blue-print ['blu:print] — калька — a copy o f an original

always ['o:lw3^z], ['o:lwiz], |'o:lweiz] — всегда; at all times; on all occasions; in any case; without exception

b ra in [brein] — м озг; рассудок — the part of cen­ tra l nervous system ; the intellect

answer ['ainsa^] — ответ; a reply (in speech, writing, action); a solution to do Homething

certain [Witn] — опреде­ ленный; верный -^ s u re, reliable; non-identified per­ son (некто); not very much

applicant ['aeplik^nt] — заявитель — someone mak­ ing an application (to the competition, University)

certificate [sa^'tifikit], [s34 tifikit] — сертификат, справка, удостоверение; a w ritten statement; status or qualification o f a person

attempt |>'tempt] — по­ пытка — to try to do some­ thing; to make a trial of; to try to achieve average ['зєузтісіз] — средний — a common or usual standard; ordinary; middle; in between become [Ьі'клт] — стать, становиться — to come to be; to be in the process of

chalk [t$o:k] — мел — a soft whitish variaty of lime­ stone composed o f calcium carbonate chapter [ ’tjaepta^] — гла­ ва — a division o f a book; a phase o f existance circle ['sa^kl] — круг — geometric figu re; to move around or around in; a ring

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Education

clever ['kleva1] — умный — quick to learn and under­ stand; sk illfu l, good at a job; artful comprehend [^kompn'hend]

— понимать, постигать — to understand; to grasp the meaning or significance; to include compulsory [кэтп'рлЬэт-!]

— обязательный — must be done conversation [konv^'seijn]

— разговор — informal and frie n d ly talk; discussion; friendly dialogue curiosity ['kjuari'asiti],

[,kj оэ^п 'ositi ] — лю бопы т­ ство — eagerness to know; strangeness, in q u is itiv e ­ ness

I

to dare [dea'J — otb;i житься, посметь — to have enough courage, strength; to challenge somebody to do something as a test о I courage dean [di:n] — декан the head of a department or a faculty; the senior member

to decide [di'said] — pe шить — to determ ine; to choose; to bring to a decisi on; to settle a question degree [d i'gri:] — сте пень; градус — a step in a process, a measure o f inten­ sity; social rank; a title a f­ ter University; unit o f tem­ perature desk [desk] — парта, письменный стол — a piece of furniture fo r reading and writing; a w riting table diary [daiari] — дневник — a daily written account o f events; a calendar with a space fo r each day dictio n ary ['d ik j> n ri], ['dikjVnari] — словарь — a book containing the words of a language in alphabeti-

| Education

75 ted to do; payment due to the government for import, export each [i:tf] — каждый — every one o f two or more; fo r or to everyone easy ['i:zi] — легкий —

obtained without d iffic u l­ ty; not d ifficu lt; free from hardship, anxiety or worry; gentle and comfortable cal order; a list of code words used in a program; a work of inform ative character arranged alphabetically disobey ['dis^'bei] — не повиноваться, не слушать­ ся; to refuse to do as it has been said; do not follow orders; to be disobidient

to draw[dro:] — рисовать, чертить — to make a picture or a plan with a pencil; to formulate one’s thought; to try to get information out of somebody duty ['dju:ti] — долг, обя­ занность; дежурство — obligation of behaviour or conduct in relation to others; the work someone is expec­

edit ['edit] — издавать —

to prepare for publication; to publish; to alter the book as to make it more suitable fo r publication educate [ ’edjuikeit] — да­

вать образование, воспи­ тывать — to instruct, to train fo r a particular end effort fefa^t] — усилие, напряжение — spending the body or mental energy to achieve a desired end enter [ ’enta1 -] — входить

— to come in/into; to pene­ trate into; to begin; to join some organ iza tion ; to be added to a list; to start upon, begin to take part in

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Education

envelope ['envilaup] —

конверт — a paper cover to hold a letter essay [ ' e s e i ] — очерк, небольшое литературное произведение — quite short writing dealing with a parti­ cular subject; an outline, a short literary report evaluate [I'vaeljueit] — оценивать — to name, deter­ mine the value of; to express the value num erically; to estimate every ['evri] — каждый

— each and all exact [ig'zaekt] — точ­ ный, аккуратный — comp­ letely correct; neither more or less; accurate exam ple [ig'za:m pl] —

пример — something which illustrates, helps to make a meaning clearer; a speci­ men or instance; a mode of behaviour to imitate excel [I'ksel] — превос­ ходить — to be outstand­ ingly skilled or gifted; to be superior in quality, degree,

§

performance; to do outstand ingly well exclude [iks'kluid] — ис­ ключать — to leave out, to prevent or forbid the entry of; to make impossible explain [iksplein] — объ яснять — to make clear, to give a detailed exposition; complete show that no prob lem or d ifficu lty exists; to give an explanation fate [feit] — судьба, рок

— chance, destiny, fortune fear [fia\| — страх — the instinctive emotion in front of danger, pain, evil; tobeaf raid of smth., to get frighte ned file [fail] — файл, папка,

дело — a device o f various kinds for keeping papers; a set o f papers so kept fine [fain] — штраф — a sum o f money paid as a penalty fo r an offen se; a kind of punisnment fool [fu:l], foolish ['fu-.lij] — дурак, дурацкий — some­ one lacking common sense or judgement; stupid

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Education

forget [f^'get] — забы­ ть — stop thinking about;

fail to keep in the memory future [fju:tjV| — будуee — in time to come; pres­ ets, the com ing events,

rspective gain [gein] — получать, рабатывать, достигать — to get; to earn; to obtain; 1 0 achieve; to im prove, to ndvance; to have some profits get [get] — получать — to acquire, to receive; to

i>arn, to buy, to be able to have g ig g le [ ’gigl] — х и х и ­ кать — to laugh foolishly or

nervously; half- suppressed laughter

good [gud] — хороший, добрый — m orally excel­ lent; kind, agreeable; wellbehaved; pleasant, reliable; beneficial graduate ['grædjueit] — выпускаться из высшего учебного заведения — to com plete a set course o f study and receive a diploma group [gru:p] — группа — a number o f people or things gathered closely together and considered as a whole; a set o f elements growth [grou0] — рост — the process o f grow ing or developing, increasing in size gym nasium [dgim^eizjэтп] — гимнастический зал

glad [glasd] — радост­ ный, довольный — happy «bout some specific event; pleased glossary ['gbsari] — слонарь, глоссарий — a list of

d ifficu lt words with expla­ nations, usually at the end of a text

Group

78 — a room or building for physical exercise; a type of secondary school in Europe handwriting ['hasndraitiq] — почерк — writing done by a hand; the style of writing of a particular person headway ['hedwei] — ус­ пех, продвижение — pro­ gress, success ignorance ['ignarans] — невежество — a lack of education, the state of not knowing impatient [im'peijVnt] — нетерпеливый — restless, showing a lack o f patience, unwilling to put up with im p olite [impa^'lait] — невежливый — showing bad manners, ill-bred inability [^n^biliti] — неспособность, невозмож­ ность — being impossible, unable to do something; the state or quality of being unable inattentive [in^'tentiv] — невнимательный — without paying attention; careless

Education inborn ['in'boin] — врож денный, природный natural, inherent; born with such qualities incorrect [^nk^'rekt] неверный, ошибочный wrong, not true; error, mis take; not conforming to ac cepted standards inexact f ^nig'zaskt] — не точный — not accurate, not correct, wrong introduce [mtr^'djuis] — представлять, вводить — to make formally known; to bring into use or practice; to add as a feature; to bring into conversation; to begin; to discover junior ['d3 u:nj^] — млад ший, юниорский — young­ er; lower in status; less advanced; later in date k in d erg a rten ['kinda1ga:tn] — детский сад — a class or school in which young children (4 -6 years old) are encouraged to develop skills and behaviour by games, exercises, etc

I Education know [rmi] — знать — to iipprehend w ith the conicious mind; to be aware of; to be able to imagine; to have Committed to memory; to realize

79

Ш

Й

know ledge ['nolid 3 ] — ииание, наука — the state of knowing, understand­ ing; cognition learn [1зчп] — учиться, узнавать — to acquire know­ ledge or skills by study, in­ struction, practice, expe­ rience; to come to know or be aware of lesson ['lesn] — урок — one unit in a series of Hessions o f instruction; Homething to be learned; material taught to a pupil by a teacher during a given period of time

Library

ing housing a collection of books; a number o f books on related topics issued by a publisher listen ['lisn] — слушать, прислушиваться — to use one’ s ears in order to hear; to pay attention to speech, music; to be influenced by

letter ['leta\| — буква; письмо — one o f the print­ ed symbols of an alphabet; a written, printed or typed personal communication; a document, statement

luck [1лк] — удача, судь­ ба — good fortune; success due to chance; the tendency of a person to be fortunate or unfortunate

library ['laibrari] — биб­ лиотека — a room or build-

mascot [ massksrt] — та­ лисман — an object, animal

80 or person whose presence is supposed to bring good luck mean [mi:n] — 1) значить — to denote, to have a special degree or im portance; to intend 2) подлый — smallminded, unkind, stingy; 3) средний — midway bet­ ween two extremes in num­ ber, value, degree; middle, average m editate [ mediteit] — размыш лять, медитиро­ вать — to think over; to reflect deeply; to spend in the spiritual exercise; to contemplate memory [ meman] — па­ мять — a person’s capacity to remember; a mental image or im pression o f a past event

Education

misfortune [mis fo:tji 1 1 J несчастье — mischamtjj bad luck misprint [ mis print | опечатка — a mistake l| printing mistake [mis teik] ошибка — error; misuiкlei], [>u bei] — коииноваться — to be

pat [past] — похлопы ­ вать — a gentle stroke or blow made with something flat often as a sign of affection or sympathy

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patter [ pæta^J — скоро­ говорка — the quick talk or chatter of a comedian; mechanically repeated words without considering the meaning pattern [ pætaTi] — обра­ зец — a number of repeated elements; a model from which a copy can be made; a sample; an imitation precise [pri sais] — точ­ ный, пунктуальный — exact; accurate in every detail; very attentive to detail preface [ prefis], [ prefabs] — предисловие, вступле­ ние — a written introducti­ on to a book; the opening remarks pride [praid] — гордость — proper self-respect; ex­ cessive self - esteem; a source of great satisfaction prim ary [ praimari] — начальный — first in order of development; first in a succession; basic, funda­ mental primer [ praim^] — бук­ варь — a simple book for

Prim er

children learning to read; an elementary textbook proceed [pr^ si:d] — про должать; происходить — to move forward, to go further; to begin action or take legal measures question [ kwestJVn] = query [ kwiari] — вопрос — a word, phrase or sentence asking about a particular fact; a problem for testing knowledge questionary [ kwestjararri ] — анкета, вопросник — a set of questions for answer­ ing by many people indepen­ dently usually to provide statistical information

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Education

quotation [kw34i teijan] цитата, цитирование — assage or phrase quoted; a eference to a passage in a anuscript quote [kwzrut] — цитиро­ вать, ссылаться — to repeat in writing or speech some­ body’ s words; to refer to rate [reit] — ставка, нор­ ма; класс — to determine the relative rank or class read [ri:d] — читать — to understand the meaning of words by looking at them and assimilating them mentally recall [ri ko:l] — отзы ­ вать; вспоминать — to order

to return; to revive in me­ mory, to remember, to recol­ lect recite [ri sait] — читать наизусть — to repeat aloud something memorized; to enumerate recollection [^eka^ lekjn] — воспоминание — the act o f remembering; the power of a person’ s memory; a spi­ ritual gathering of oneself together «

rectangle [ rek^asqgl] — четырехугольник — a geo­ metrical plane quadrangle with four right angles register [ redjista1] — журнал, счетчик — an o ffi­ cial or formal list; a book in which a record is kept; regis­ tration relevan t [ reliv34it] — уместный, относящийся к делу — closely related to a matter under consideration; connected with the matter

Read

remember [ri memba^] — помнить, вспоминать — to bring back to mind by an effort o f will; to have come

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Education

f

into one’ s memory again by chance

or consideration; expression o f sympathy, concern

remind [ri maind] — на­ поминать — to cause to remember

respond [ris pond] — от вечать, реагировать — to reply, to answer, to make n response; to show an effeel due to a force, influence or stimulus

repeat [ri pi:t] — повто­ рять — to say again, to do or make something once more; to say from memory, to recite; to undergo again; to occur again replace [ri pleis] — заме­ нять; Ставить обратно на место — to put back some­ thing in its original place; to take the place of some­ body; to fill the place of someone with another

riddle — загадка — n] —

возражение — an act o f objecting, a feeling of oppo­ sition; resistance obsess [э-b ses], [ob ses] — преследовать — to occupy or engage the mind o f some­ one to an inordinate degree; to follow step by step obstacle fabstakl] — пре­ пятствие — an obstuction, prevention, difficulty, prob­ lem obvious [ obvia's], [ Dbvja's]

— очевидный, ясный — self-evident, not requiring proof or demonstration; easi­ ly seen; attracting immedi­ ate attention

Politics

л

omit [ЭЧ1 mit], [э-"mit] — пропускать — to fa il to do something, to neglect; not to pay attention at onlook er [ эп,1икз*] —

случайный свидетель — a passive spectator, witness o pin ion |> pinja'n] —

мнение — a point o f view; a mental estimate; a belief or conviction; a formal ex­ pression o f thought opposite [ opa'Zit], [opa’Sit] — противополож ны й — contradictory, contrary; con­ trast; utterly different oppression [> prejVn], [o preJbTl] — притеснение, угнетение — a set of circum­ stances causing to feel men­ tally or spiritually burdened or physically suffering outbreak [ autbreik] — взрыв, вспышка — a sud­ den violent bursting out; an insurrection o u tbu rst [ autba^st] — взрыв, поток — a violent emotional fit; an eruption outlook [ autluk] — миро­ воззрение — a prospect or

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Politics

view ; a way o f looking at things overdo [^u v^ du:] — зай­ ти слиш ком далеко — to exaggerate, carry too far; to make too great a display overhear [^ u v ^ hia\J — подслушать — to hear a conversation accidentally participant [pa: tisipant] — участник — someone who takes part or has a share in some activity partake [pa: teik] — при­

нимать участие — to take or receive a share in predominate [pri domineit]

— господствовать, преобла­ дать — to lead in quality or status; to be most frequent prevail [pri veil], [ргэ^ veil]

— преобладать, успешно бороться — to be victorio­ us; to be the chief characte­ ristic, predominate; to be widespread or current prison [ prisn] — тюрьма — a building used to hold offenders or suspects await­ ing trial, or enemy captives

145 proclaim [ p m kleim] — провозглаш ать — to an­ nounce publicly or o ffic ia l­ ly; to declare officially prohibit [рггг hibit], [prani-

hibit] — запрещать — to prevent or make impossib­ le; to forbid with authority puppet [ рлрй] — мари­ онетка — a small model of a human being or an animal with mobile limbs control­ led by strings or wires

purpose [ pa-ipa's] — на­ мерение, цель — a desire to obtain result which is kept in mind in perform ing an action pursue [pe sju:] — пре­ следовать — to follo w in order to capture or over­ take; to engage in; to go on talking about push [риП — толчок, pushing [ pujiq] — предпри­

имчивый — stim ulating; aggressively self-assertive quandary [ kwonda-Ti] —

затруднение — a dilemma, a state of uncertainty

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quash [kwoj-] — аннули­

recent [ ri:snt] — недав­

ровать — to annul; to put down

ний — not long before the present

queen [kwi:n] — короле­

reconciliation [^eka^nsili-

ва — the w ife of a king; a female monarch

eijn] — примерение — reach­ ing a compromise, agree­ ment about differences

quell [kwel] — подавлять,

сокрушать — to'crush, to suppress; to overcome rage [reidg] — гнев — uncontrolled anger; intense emotion, passion rank [гагдк] — ряд, ше­

ренга — line or row of per­ sons or things; social posi­ tion ransom [ ransom] — вы­ куп — money paid or de­ manded for the release of a person held captive; a relea­ se by payment of this money rebu ff [ribAfj — давать

отпор — to reject; to give proper answer; to act quick­ ly and reasonably recede [ri: si:d] — отсту­

пать, удаляться — to be­ come more distant; to slope backwards, to draw back

redress [ri dres] — возме­ щение; восстановливать; заглаживать обиду — to put right; to readjust refer [ri f^:] — ссылаться

— to turn for information; to direct to a source of informa­ tion refuge [ refju:d3] — убе­ жище — shelter or protec­ tion from danger, distress or d iffic u lty , a person or place offerin g protection refigee [,refju: d3i] — бе­ женец — a person who flees, escapes or must hide refuse [ri Quiz] — отка­ зать — to decline to accept; to be unable to do some­ thing; to make a refusal; to reject reign [rein] — господ­

ствовать — to hold royal

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147

o ffic e ; to be monarch; to prevail, to be predominant

physical force; to protect from change

reject [ri d3ekt] — отказы­ вать — to refuse to accept; to be unacceptable, to dec­ line; rejection [ri dgekjn] — отказ, отклонение — a re­ jectin g or being rejected; something rejected

restrain [ris trein] — сдер­ живать, удерживать — to prevent from doing some­ thing; to set limits to; to re­ press emotions

reluctance [ri Ukt^ns] — нежелание — an emotional or mental opposition to a course o f action renew [ri nju:] — возоб­

новлять — to make new again or as if new; to begin again after an interval of time; to revive; to make valid for a further period repeal [ri pi:l] — отмена — delete, crossing out; re­ moving from; abolition; delay, neutralization represent [,repri zent] —

представлять — to point out, to act on behalf of; to be the delegate of; to be a symbol for, to correspond to resist [ri zist] — сопро­

тивляться — to oppose a

restriction [ris trikjn] — ограничение — keeping within certain limits; avoi­ dance o f exaggeration, shocking effects in any form o f expression

resume [ri zju:m] — во­ зобновлять — to take back or again; to begin again; to go back to using; to sum up retain [ri tern] — удержи­ вать, сохранять — to keep in one’ s memory, in one’ s control; to keep securely in place retreat [ri tri:t] — отсту­ пать, уходить,ретировать­ ся — to avoid dangers and d iffic u ltie s o f life tem po­ rarily; to withdraw for peace, safety; to hide fo r a while

revenge [ri vend3 ] — месть, мстить — to avenge,

148 vindict; a desire to in flict injury in return for an injury suffered rig h t [rait] — правый, исправлять — true, logical­ ly sound; correct; suitable; to set in a proper position; to put back to balance; to return to a correct position rig id [ ridgid] — суро­ вый, жесткий — in fle x i­ ble; strongly resisting de­ formation; s tiffly set

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I

self-criticism [ self kritisizm] — самокритика — the ability to notice weak points in one’ s own behaviour, speech, life. sequence [ siikwaris] — последовательность,согла­ сование — a succession of things which are connected in some way s e r f [s ^ :f] — раб — a feudal labourer bound to his owner or landlord

royal [ гэЫ ] — королев­ ский — relating or belong­ ing to the fam ily o f a king or queen; v e ry im posing, splendid, majestic

serfdom [ sa^fd^m] — рабство — the state or con­ dition o f being a serf; the practice or in stitu tion o f having the land with serfs

satisfy [ saetisfai] — удов­ летв ор я ть — to p ro vid e what is required, needed; to cause to be happy or free from some desire

settle [ setl] — решать; приводить в порядок — to determine or decide; come to agreement about; to put into order

search [sa-itf] — поиски — an investigation in order to find something, gain in­ formation

shatter [ Jaeta-] — расша­ тывать (нервы), разбивать; расстраивать — to break into pieces; to destroy com­ pletely or damage greatly

seldom [ seldom] — ред­ ко — not often, rarely; some­ times

shoot [$u:t], shot [Jot] — стрелять — to wound or kill

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a person or animal with a bullet, arrow, etc.; to pass rapidly down, through or over; to photograph or make a film

slap [slaep] — ш лепок, пощечина — a sharp, quick blow with the open hand; an insult, a piece of sharp criti­ cism

shortage [ Jo:tid3 ] — не­ хватка — lack, too small an amount or supply

slave [sleiv] — раб — a person who is a property of another person; a person who is under the control of some influence; a serf

sh u ffle [ Ja A ] 1) шар­ кать, волочить ноги — the fe et along the ground or floor; 2) тасовать карты, подтасовывать факты, хит­ рить — to mix playing cards so as to rearrange them; to drag to mix facts so as to rearrange them significance [sig nifikans] — значение, смысл — the state or quality having special value or importance; meaning sin [sin] — грех — the w illfu l breaking o f God’ s law; any offense situation [,sitju eijn] — ситуация; м естополож е­ ние — a condition or state of affairs; a location slander [ slasnd^] — кле­ вета — any false and insulting statement

slogan [ sloug^i] — л о ­ зунг — a phrase, statement or motto used by a particu­ lar group; a phrase used in advertizing smash [smasj"] — уничто­ жить, разбить — to destroy, to crush; to break into pieces; a complete defeat or disaster smuggle [ sm\gl] — за­ ниматься контрабандой — to bring, take or transport secretly goods on which the required duties have not been paid society [sa^ sai^ti] — об­ щество — all people; human beings as a group; a com­ munity; companionship, company solicitation [sa^ ,1isi teijn] — ходатайство — the prac-

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tice or an act of begging for, appealing fo r some help or assistance

to; to come against with force; to hit, to make an attack on

solution [s3^ lu:Jn] — ре­ шение; раствор — method of answering to a problem; mixture of two or more sub­ stances

substitute [ SAbstitjuit] — заменять, замещять — to take the place o f another; to put in the place of another; instead of

speech [spi:tj] — речь — the ability to express an idea, thought, fe elin g by the use o f spoken words; the act o f speaking; a way in which someone speaks

support [ssr po:t] — под­ держивать — to hold up; to provide for; to uphold, -er [sa^ poit^] — сторонник — a person who supports, aids or approves

spoil [spoil] — портить — to ruin, damage or harm something

spread [spred] — распрос­ транять — to unfold, stretch out; to cover with a thin layer o f something; to dis­ trib u te; to extend over a period o f time state [steit] — состоя­

ние, положение — the con­ dition o f a person or thing; государство — a body of people living together under one government strike [straik] — ударять, поражать — to give a blow

suppose [s? рэтдг] — пред­

полагать, полагать — to believe to be true; to expect; to imagine to be possible supposition [ pSAp2r Z l j n ]

— предположение — a s­ sumption, plan, project; the act o f supposing

suppress [sa^ pres] — по­ давлять — to crush, to put down by force; to restrain; to prevent or forbid the telling suprem e [sju: pri:m] —

верховный, высший — greatest in rank, authority

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Politics

or power; ultim ate; final,

last suspect [sa-s pekt] — по­ дозревать — to have doubts about; to consider possible, true, likely; to think someone guilty with little or no proof suspicion [s^s pijn] —

подозрение — a feeling or impression; a slight trace or suggestion target [ ta:git] — цель, мишень — an object that is aimed at in shooting prac­ tice or competition; any­ thing that is the object of any attack ta x [tseks] — н алог — money that must be paid by people for the support of the government threat [Bret] — угроза — an expression o f the inten­

tion to in flict punishment, harm or pain; a person or th ing th at is a source o f misfortune, danger or harm today [t^ dei] — сегодня — the present day, nowa­ days, currently

151 troop [tru:p] — войска,

толпа — a group of persons; members of the armed forces as a group true [tru:] — верный, пра­ вильный — correct; real; genuine; loyal; rightful ultimate [ Altimit] — пос­ ледний — final, coming to an end; greatest possible undersign [ Anda^ sain] — u n derw rite [ Anderait] —

подписаться — to put one’ s signature under the docu­ ment; to agree to do some­ thing; to ensure unequal [ лп iikwa^l] — неравный — not the same; unfair; not fit or qualified; uneven. unfair [ лп fea] — неспра­ ведливый — not just; not following accepted rules or standards ungrounded [ лп graundid] — необоснованный — with­ out basis in fact or reality; not educated; unify [ ju:nifai] — объе­ динять, унифицировать —

152 -------------------- =зр----------------

to unite; to combine or make into a whole union [ junja^n] — союз,

объединение — an associa­ tion; the act o f uniting unite [ju: nait] — объеди­ нять — to bring or put toge­ ther; to join together unjust [ лп d3 ASt] — не­

справедливый — unfair; not moral, not just unveil [лп v e il] — от­

крыть тайну, снимать заве­ су — to remove a covering from; to remove a veil upper [ лрэ'] — верхний

— higher vain [vein] — пустой — empty; not successful or e f­ fective vanguard [ vasnga:d] — авангард — the part o f an army that moves ahead of the main force; the leading position venture [ ventjVJ — рис­

кованное предприятие — an affair that demands some risk or danger; a guess with­ out real calculation

________________ Politics victim [ viktim] — жертва — a person who is injured, killed or ruined; who is cheated or tricked victory [ viktari] — побе­ да — the defeat of an op­ ponent or enemy violation ^vaia1 leijn] —

нарушение; насилие — tre a tin g d isresp ectfu lly ; disturbing, interrupting vote [v34it] — голосовать; вотум — to decide, accept or establish by a vote; to elect w a r [w o:] — война — armed conflict between nations, a state o f hostility without arms or weapons warn [wo:n] — предосте­ регать, предупреждать — to draw the attention of somebody to the probable result of an act; to inform beforehand weapon [ wepn], [ wepan] — оружие — any instru­ ment used for figh ting; any means o f attack or defense w ill [wil] — воля, жела­ ние — moral strength or

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153

energy; determination; the facility of determining one’s actions; wish, desire

to take away, to remove; to take back, to retract; to leave, to retire

witness [ witnis] — свиде­

wrangle [ raeqgl] — спо­ рить — to argue; to quarrel noisily; to speak loudly or shout while proving some­ body

тель — a person who has observed a certain event; something taken as evidence withdraw [wi5 dra:] (with­ drew, withdrawn) [wi5 dru:], [wi6 drain] — отзывать, от­ водить назад, удаляться —

yesterday [ jesta-dei], [ jest^di] — вчера — the day which proceded today

TR A V ELLIN G

aboard [>'bo:d] — на бор­ ту, на корабле; my friend was aboard the last ship go­ ing to Amsterdam abrupt {VbrApt] — кру­ той, обрывистый; резкий, отрывистый; sudden, un­ expected, rougn [rAf], disc­ onnected again [Vgen], [Vgein] — снова, опять; once more; the same quantity in additi-. on; one more time

ago [Vgani] — тому назад Всегда следует за сло­ вом, которое определяет: long ago; a year ago air [еэ^] — воздух;

air+Ballon — аэростат; air+base — авиабаза; a ir+ b rid g e — воздуш ­ ный мост;

air+field/drom — аэро­ дром; air +man — летчик; air+plane — самолет; air+pocket — воздушная яма — A condition in the atmosphere, usually a partial vacuum, which makes an airplane in flight drop sud­ denly. air+hole — воздушная яма;

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Travelling

air+raid — воздушный налет; air+ship — дирижабль; Air+space — воздушное пространство; A ir + s t r ip — взлетнопосадочная полоса already [oil'redi] — уже; сравните: all+ready; by this time; before a particular moment ancient ['einjVnt] — древ­

ний; antique; old — fashion­ ed; very old; belonging to times long past arrive [Vraiv] — прибы­ вать — to come to a place; to end a journey; to appeare; to come on the scene

to ascend |Vsend] — вос­ ходить, подниматься — to go up; to come up; to rise from a lower degree or level; to climb [^s'tonij] — удивлять — to shock; to astonish w ith amazement or wonder astonish

atten tio n [V te n jn ] — внимание — mental concen­ tration; notice something;

service by a waiter, a shopassistant; the need to listen to; act o f politeness a/way [Vw ei] — далеко — far, at a distance; in a d iffe re n t direction; at an end; continuously b a rb a ria n

[Ьа:'Ьеэт1ЭЧ1]

— варвар — u n civ ilize d person; uncultured person before [bi'fo:] — перед, до, прежде чем — in front of, ahead of; earlier than; sooner in time than bell [bel] — колокол, ко­ локольчик — an empty cup­ shaped instrum ent which makes a ringing sound

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Travelling

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belong [bi'bq] — принад­

лежать, относиться — to have a rightful place; to be a member of; to be classified with bridge [brid3 ] — мост — a structure carrying a road over a river, railroad bus [b\s] — автобус — a

large public passenger vehicle; serving fixed routes

C astle

camp [kaemp] — лагерь

— a place where people live in tents, barracks or huts; a holiday resting centre for children capital ['kaepitl] — столи­ ца — main city; chief city; big letters in the ABC

castle [ ka:sl] — замок, дворец — a palace, a fortress check [tjek] — контроль,

проверка; багажная кви­ танция — to arrest; to con­ trol; to restrain the prog­ ress of motion; to vertify the correctness church [tjVitj-] — цер­

ковь — a particular place of Christians; a building fo r

Christian worship; baptized Christian men and women circus ['sa^ka^s] — цирк — the entertainment made up of acts including perform­ ing animals, horseback riders, acrobats, clowns; the arena with seats around it in which the show is performed; the persons and animals making up the show clim b [klaim ] — взби­ раться, карабкаться вверх — to go up; to rise to a higher point; to rise in social rank or reputation coast [kanist] — побере­ жье, морской берег — the

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Travelling

seashore, the land border­ ing the sea come [к л т ] — п ри хо­ дить — to appear; to arrive; to happen; to occur; to occur to the mind; to be born; to

result; to pretend to be corner ['кэ:пэ\] — угол —

the point or place of meet­ ing; the angle formed by the m eeting o f two streets; a distant place; a secret place country ['клпіхі] — стра­ на; деревня — a political

157

state; a region or district w ith reference to geogra­ phical or esthetic features; regions o f woods and fields as opposed to towns crowd [kraud] — толпа — a large number o f people collected together; a clique, sect current ['клгэчи] — по­ ток, текущий — a mass of water m oving in a certain direction; the stream; of the present time; in general use custom ['kAstarn] — обы­ чай, привычка — a habit; a generally accepted practice; convention; something made usually delay [di'lei] — отсрочка, задержка — an unexpected lapse of time; failure to make something; postponing

to depart [di‘pa:t] — ухо­ дить, уезжать — to go away, to set o ff, to leave, to set out

C ircus

d ifferen t ['difa-rant], ['difr^nt] — разный, различ­ ный — not the same, un­ usual, out o f the ordinary

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Travelling

dike [daik] — дамба, пло­ тина — a raised bank con­ structed to prevent flood ­ ing, high water; protection from something disappoint Ldisa-'point], ['dis^'point] — расстраи­ вать, разочаровывать — to break a promise; to fail to come up to the expectation; to frustrate disaster [di'zaista^] — бед­ ствие — an event causing great loss and suffering to people; a great or sudden misfortune, a fiasco district ['distrikt] — рай­

он — a p olitical or geog-

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raphical division of a city, state; a region downstream ['daun'stri:m| — вниз по течению — in the direction o f the flow of a river or stream, nearer to the mouth o f the river downtown ['daun'taun] — деловая часть города — in the business area of a city; the main business area of the city drive ( drove, d riven )

[draiv], [draniv], [drivn] — ехать на автомобиле, уп ­ равлять — to control the course; to convey in a vehicle; to hit or push in some direction; to activate; to cause to work hard embank [im'baeqk] — ог­

раждать дамбами — to en­ close or protect with a rais­ ed bank o f earth, stone embankment [lm'basqkmarit] — насыпь, дамба, плотина — a raised bank of earth,stone e/norm/ous [I'noim^s] — D isaster

огромный — v e ry great, huge, gigantic

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159

foreign ['form] — иност­

ранный — com ing fro m some country outside; not of one’s own country or race; introduced from outside

escape [is'keip] — убе­ жать — to get free; to disap­ pear; to run away; to find release from worries, troub­ les; to avoid, to keep safe from excursion [iks'ka^Jn] —

экскурсия — a short pleasure trip; a pleasant hiking trip; to walk about; to go sight­ seeing; a tour exploration [,ekspb: reijn] — исследование, покоре­ ние — a trip or voyage through an unknown or little known region in order to add to man’ s knowledge; a searching, an investigation far [fa:] — далеко — at a considerable distance; very distant, remote

form [fo:m ] — форма, бланк; класс — shape, out­ ward appearance; a variety, manifestation, example; a document with blank spaces for information to be w rit­ ten in; a class in a school

go [gam] — идти, ехать — to be in motion, to move with a special purpose, aim; to leave, to disappear, to escape happen [Ъагрэт1] — слу­ чаться, происходить — to take place; to occur spon­ tan eou sly; to chance; to find or meet by chance h arb ou r ['haiba^] — га­ вань; убежище — a bay or inlet o f quiet water protec­ ted from stormy waves by man-made or natural walls; a place o f refuge; shelter

high [hai] — высокий, возвышенный — great in degree; at a large distance

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above; occupying an impor­ tant position; noble; at the zenith, top hike [haik] — прогулка пешком — to walk a long way for pleasure in the open country huge [hju:d3 ] — огром­ ный, громадный — extreme­ ly large, enormous, super, extra indistinct [jindis'tirjkt] — неотчетливы й, смутный — d ifficu lt to see or hear; not clear; vague, slight; confused initial [I'nija^l] — старто­ вый, первоначальный — at the very beginning; show­ ing the firs t letter or syll­ able; the fir s t le tte r o f a personal name

H u ge

o f its size or nature; very small is la n d [ ’aila^nd] — isle ['ail] — остров — a piece of land, sm aller than a con­ tinent, surrounded by water; an isolated land, person

inquire [in'kwaia'-] — осве­

ivory ['aivari] — слоновая кость — the hard creamywhite dentine of an elephant; the colour o f ivory; things made of ivory

домляться, наводитьсправ­ ки — to obtain information by asking; to ask questions; to investigate

jin gle ['d3iqgl] — звонок, звяканье — a pleasing sound o f bells in continuous but unrhythmical combination

invisible [in'viza-bl] — не­

journey [^зэчш] — поез­

видимый — concealed, hid­ den, can’ t be seen because

дка, путешествие — a trip, a travel, a voyage; a move­

I

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Travelling

ment over considerable distance from one place to another kerb [кэчЬ] — край тро­ туара, обочина — border of a street pavement knight [nait] — рыцарь — a man given the rank of knighthood by the British monarch in recognition of merit; a man o f noble birth; a m ilitary attendant on a lord or his lady leave [li:v] — уезжать, уходить — to go away, to depart; to stop staying in some place

lu ggage ['U gid 3 ] — ба­ гаж — suitcases, bags and trunks fu ll o f a traveler’ s belongings mail [m eil] — почта — the public organization of the collection and delivery

of correspondence and other postal m atter; the letters and parcels sent by this organization many [тагпі] — много —

consisting of a large but in­

6 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

161

defin ite number o f people or things map [тагр] — карта — a representation in scale, usually on a fla t surface, of part o f the whole of the e a rth ’ s surface, showing physical, political or other features never [ neva-J — никогда — not at any time, not on any occasion observe [a^b za^v] — на­ блюдать, соблюдать — to look at with attention; to watch; to come to know by seeing; to note attentively

162 once [WAns] — однажды, иногда — on one occasion only, a single time; form er­ ly; at some time outline [ autlain] — очер­ тание — lines bounding the outer limits of a figure; a scetch; a rough draft of a plan, scheme of work

Travelling

j|

path [pa:0] — тропинка — a narrow way or trail; any way or space by which people may pass; line of progress place [pleis] — место —

a particular part o f space or area on a surface; the position o f a figure, etc

overcrowd [^uva- kraud]

prehistoric [ pri:hi 'storik]

— переполнять — more people or things than it is desirable or permitted

— доисторический — related to the period before recor­ ded history, existin g dur­ ing this period

oversea [ aniva1si:] — за­ морский — pertaining to countries or people or things beyond the sea pace [peis] — шаг, по­

ходка — rate o f travelling; manner of walking or runn­ ing; a step made in walking pack [рагк] — упаковы­ вать — to put in a container; to put things together for a trip; to assemble, crowd together; to wrap up passenger [ passmc^a-] —

пассажир — a person who travels in a vehicle but is not a driver nor one o f the crew

quadrangle [kwo draeqgl], [kwa^ draeqgl] — четырех­ угольник — a plane figure with four sides — a square or rectangle quite [kw ait] — вполне — completely, very much; rath er...; a con siderable number ramble [ гагтЫ] — про­ гулк а, бродить — a long unplanned walk fo r enjoy­ ment

rather [ га:б&] — скорее; довольно-таки — more exact­ ly; in some measure; most certainly

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163

reach [ri:tj] — 1) дости­

гать — to arrive at, to get in touch with; 2) простирать­ ся — to extend, to expand remain [ri mein] — оста­ ваться — to stay in the нате place; to continue in a certain state; to be left reminiscence [,remi nisns]

- воспоминание — perso­ nal memories of past events; Homething which is remem­ bered; recalling memories of past related events remote [ri manit] — отда­

ленный — at a great distan­ ce in space or time, not close­ ly related; out-of-the-way rescue [ reskju:] — спа­

сать, избавлять — to deliver from danger, violence; to release by force; to save resort [ri zo:t] — курорт

- a place fo r rest to which people go usually or fre q ­ uently rest [rest] — отдыхать — to be motionless; to leave

activity, to recover energy; tp'b:d] — хлопать, аплодировать; to show approval by clapping; to demonstrate approval by clapping a/shame/d (Vjeim d] — пристыженный — feeling shame; dishonour, disgust

to assent [V sent] — согла­ ситься, уступить — to say «yes»; to accept something; to agree on/upon something attitude ['aetitju:d] — отно­

шение — a mental position au d ien ce ['oidja^ns] —

слуш атели сравните; ау­ диенция; a group of people assembled to listen to or watch something; those who

|

169

A rt

read a publication or listen to a broadcast (rad io); an official or formal interview aw ard |Vwo:d] — при­ суждать, награждать; to give as a prize; to present; to choose the best; to evaluate the best; to admit; to value; to recognize aware [VwEa'] — осведом­ ленный; informed; having learnt; conscious [ ’konja^s] — осознающий background ['baskgraund] — фон, задний план — the part of the picture against which the principal figures иге shown; a person’ s past history; any accompanying noise beauty ['bju:ti] — красо­

та — physical loveliness; a particularly good example of a thing or specimen beau tiful ['bjuita'ful] — красивый — having beauty, physically lovely; morally or intellectually pleasant

to believe [bi'hv] — ве­ рить — to accept as true; to

B eau ty

hold as one’ s opinion; to be sure o f beloved [bi'Lvvd] — воз­ лю бленн ы й, в озлю блен ­ ная — much loved; some­ one who is dearly loved bore [bo:] — скучный — an u n in terestin g person, anything dull chain [tjein] — цепь, це­ почка — a series of rings or links o f metal; an ornamen­ tal set used as a necklace choir ['kwai^] — xop — a

group of singing people; to sing in chorus; a choral society

170

A rt

|

clap [klaep] — хлопать — the sound o f hands struck together; loud noise

stance contained; the volume o f a solid; the substance, matter o f a book

compose [кэтп'рэчдг] — составлять, компоновать; to create in music or litera­ ture; to arrange in good order; to bring under control

cover ['L\v3\| — покры­ вать — to hide; to keep un­ der aim; to stand immedia­ tely behind another man; to spread over; to protect financially; to have as one’s territory

considerable [kam'sid^гэ'Ы] — значительный — quite large in amount, extent or degree; important contents ['kontents] — со­ держание (pi) — that which is contained; a summary of subject treated in a book; the amount o f a certain sub­

create [kri'eit], [kri:eit] — создавать, творить — to bring info being; to make by applying the imagination in some artistic technique; to produce;to incarnate cue [kju:] — намек — a hint; an agreed signal c u ltiv a te ['kAltiveit] — обрабатывать, в озд елы ­ вать — to prepare land for crops; to improve, to refine; to cause to develop dance [dains], [daens] — танцевать — set movements to music, either alone or with a partner or partners; a party or social gathering declaim [di'kleim] — дек­ ламировать — to speak with too much emphasis; to recite

171

Ш Art

depict [di'pikt] — изобра­ ж ать — to rep resen t by drawing or painting; to des­ cribe verbally d escribe [dis'kraib] — описывать — to draw, to trace; to qualify; to move in the outline of; to give a portrait design [di'zain] — дизайн,

художественное оформле­ ние — a decorative pattern; the combination of parts in a whole; a purpose, intention

theatrical

dishonesty [dis'onisti] — обман — fraud, lie, false;a dishonest act, not honest; insincere

deliberate [di'libarcit] — обсуждать, обдумывать — to think out a matter with proper care; to make or do intentionally

disillusion [,disi'lu:3 n], [ ldisi'lu:33'n] — разочарова­ ние — free from illusions, realistic, true; without dreams

delight [di'lait] — boci торг, восхищение — great pleasure, admiration, exal­ tation, adoration

dislike [dis'laik] — не­

приязнь, не нравиться — antipathy, to feel an anti­ pathy for; an aversion

delusion [di'lu^n] — заб­

dispirit [di'spmt] — удру­

луж дение, иллю зи я — a false idea, thought; a wrong opinion

чать, приводить в уныние — to dishearten, to make gloomy; to be in a low mood

publicly manner

in

a

172

Art

I

encrust [in'krAst] — по­ крывать коркой, инкрус­ тировать — to cover with a coating; to inlay jewels into; covered with something engrave [in'greiv] — гра­ вировать — to decorate; to cut a design or lettering on something by hand with a sharp tool; to fix deeply in the mind, memory D epict

display [dis'plei] — выс­ тавлять, обнаруживать — to exhibit; to show; to dis­ close donation [dani'neijaii] — дар, пожертвование — a gift; a sum of money to an institution or society dull [cL\l] — скучный — stupid, slow in understading; uninteresting; not bright or vivid, not clear empty ['empti] — пустой — unoccupied; vacant; without nothing in it; with­ out foundation; silly, not serious

en/rich [in'ritj] — обога­ щать, пополнять — to make richer in money or goods; to improve the quality of; to add a precious ornament to; to make a valuable addition to a collection especial [is'pejVl] — осо­ бенный — particular, out­ standing, exceptional, extra essential [I'senJVl] — су­ щественный, неотъемле­ мый — necessary, of great importance; basic, funda­ mental, containing all that is best or most important in a thing estimate ['estimit] — оцен­ ка, смета — a judgement of size, number, value; a state-

I Art

173

ment of the cost or change which would be involved in и given piece of work, or a lender to carry it out for a certain sum o f money everlasting [eva^'laistiq] — вечный — constantly repeated, lasting for ever; Meemingly without end exceed [ik'siid] — превы­ шать — to be greater, to go beyond a proper limit excitement [ik'saitm^nt] — возбуждение, волнение —emotional tension, unba­ lance; stimulation; impa­ tience excla im [iks'kleim ] — иосклицать — to cry out in emotion or excitement; to utter under the stress of Hudden thought or emotion exhibit [îg'zibit] — экспо­ нировать, выставлять на­ показ — to show, display to Ilie public; to present, demonstrate fairy [’feari] — сказоч­ ный; фея — a small super­ natural being capable of in-

terventing in human affairs, usually in order to help false [fols] — ложный, ошибочный — untrue, lo­ gically w rong; incorrect, mistaken; not natural fame [feim] — слава, из­ вестность, репутация — the state o f being widely known and esteemed; repu­ tation famous ['feima's] — изве­ стный, знаменитый — wellknown, widely known, cele­ brated fancy ['faensi] — вообра­ жение, фантазия — great

174 wish, dream; imagination; wish to have something, eager to have

to knock against another; to hurt emotionally or financi ally; a popular success

fond [fond] — увлечен­ ный — loving, affectionate, fo o lis h ly ten d er; ta k in g pleasure in; having the habit of

hope [Im ip] — надежда, надеяться — a confident expectation; wishful trust; waiting for something

foreground ['fo:graund] —

передний план — the part of a scene nearest the viewer; the most noticeable position gap [gaep] — брешь, про­ бел — an opening or breach in a wall, fence; a break in continuity, a pause; a wide difference in views great [greit] — великий — large in size, big; large in number or extent; a high degree; specially important, powerful; favourite, noble; excellent hint [hint] — намек, на­ мекать — a slight sugges­ tion; an oblique piece o f ad­ vice; an indirect thought, mention hit [hit] — ударять, удар;

успех — to make contact with; to strike with a blow;

image ['imidj] — образ — a mental picture or concept; a painted or drawn symbol; a person or thing resembl­ ing another person or thing, a likeness impossible [im'posa'bl] — невозможный — hard to tolerate, unacceptable, not possible incomplete [^nkaWplirt]

— неполный, незавершен­ ный — not fin ish ed , not done; not full; unfinished inscription [in'skripJVn]

— надпись — an informal dedication; words devoted to somebody; private notes inspiration [mspi'reijn] — вдохновение — the creative impulse o f an artist; desire or wish to do something; a supernatural ability of a person

175

A rt

intend [in'tend] — наменаться — to have in mind, think, to make up one’ s nd; to plan; to have a desmtion fo r something interconnection [inta^k^-

kjn] — взаимосвязь — nnection of two or more hings in te rre la tio n ['inta^ri-ijn]— взаимоотношение, оотношение — having a close, connection, related to each other; mutual relationnhip love [Iav] — любовь, ЛЮить — a powerful emotion,

~ep affection; a great likg, fondness luxury ['UkjVri] — рое­

шь, излишество — ex-

pensive food, clothes, com­ forts; something enjoyable, relatively costly m agnificent [mæg nifisnt] — великолепный — splen­ did, beautiful, admirable, wonderful m ajestic [ma^ d3estik] —

величественный — royal, splendid, magnificent mark [ma:k] — знак, мет­ ка — a spot, stain, scratch; something that indicates the presence o f something else; an impession or influe­ nce; a cross or other symbol used as a signature by a person m arvel [ marvel] — чудо, диво — something that causes astonishment or admiration; something wonderful m ere [ mia1] — явный,

простой — pure, unmixed; average, simple

Love

miracle [ mira-kl] — чудо — a supernatural event; an extremery remarkable achie­ vement or event; an unex­ pected piece of luck

176

а п щ

worthy o f note; a prominent person; a member of an as­ sembly, largely aristocratic in composition nude [nju:d] — нагой — naked; w ithout clothing, undraped obsession [э -Ъ sejVn], [ o b seJVn] — мания — the state of being completely involv­ ed, obsessed, occupied with some idea

N aked

movies [ mu:viz] — кино — entertainment and a branch o f industry naked [ neikid] — обна­ женный — without clothes; uncovered; without decora­ tion; without supplemen­ tary material noble [ пзчдЫ] — знат­ ный — illustrious by rank or birth; of high character, lo fty ideals; im pressive, splendid, grand in appea­ rance notable [ nanita'bl] — вы­ дающийся — outstanding,

obstinate [ Dbstinit] — уп­ рямый — stubborn, refus­ ing to concede to reasonable arguments op p ortu n ity t^pa^ tju:niti], [,opa^ tjunti] — возмож­ ность — possibility, chance; a set o f circumstances; good fortune outstanding [ aut stændiq] — выдающийся — promi­ nent, great, remarkable; not yet settled or complete paint [peint] — рисовать красками — to create a pic­ ture; to make a vivid des­ cription; to apply cosmetics to; to practice the art of creating pictures

177 part [pa:t] — часть — that which is less than all; one of Heveral equal amounts, num­ bers, quantities

image on a surface; a perfect likeness; a mental image, idea; a situation as a com­ bination of circumstances

particular [p^ tikjula ] — особенный — unusual, spe­ cial; relating to one thing singled out among many

please [pli:z], pleasure [ р1езэ\| — удовольствие — a general feeling of satis­ faction, enjoyment

passion [ paeJVn] — страсть, увлечение — violent emotion; a great liking or enthusiasm; an outburst of feelings

plot [plot] — сюж ет — the plan o f events in a novel

piano [ pjasnau] — пиани­ но — a musical instrument before which the player sits playing on a horizontal key­ board picture [ piktJV] — кар­ тина — a representation or

probability [ргэЬз^ biliti] — вероятность — som e­ thing regarded as probable, based on the experience that of two or more possible effects one tends to predo­ minate p rod ig y [ prodidgi] — чудо — a person with extra­ ordinary talents; an amaz­ ing person or child rapt [raspt] — восхищен­ ный — carried away in ima­ gination from reality rare [геэ\| — редкий — seldom, inf requently found; unusually good, appealing; delicious

Piano

rattle [ raetl] — грохо­ тать; трещать — to produce

178

Art Щ

a rapid line o f short, sharp sounds raucous [ roika-s] — хрип­ лый, грубый, рокочущий — rough- sounding, gra t­ ing, hoarse

— восхи­ щать — to admire, to cause rapture; to cause exaggera­ ted admiration ravish [

fecviJ]

reflection [ri flekjn] — отражение — showing as an image; being in accor­ dance w ith ; re fle c tin g or being reflected; an opinion a rrived at a fte r conside­ ration rehearse [n ha^s] — репе­

тировать — to practice a play before perform ing it for an audience; to enume­ rate the list; to try to act before performing reproduce [,ri:p r^ dju:s]

— воспроизводить — to repeat exactly or very close­ ly; to re-create mentally; to make a copy by mechanical means revival [ri vaiva^l] — воз­ рождение — the reappea­

rance of a past mode; a res­ taging o f a play ridicule [ ridikju:!] — вы­

смеивать — to laugh at somebody; to mock with; to sneer, scoff row [гэга] — 1) ряд — an orderly line o f persons or things; 2) грести — to propel, to participate in a race by using oars screen [skri:n] — экран, ширма, завеса — anything givin g protection from ob­ servation; a white surface on which films, movies are projected; a shelter or conceal

|

A rt

script [skript] — сцена­ рий — the printed or w rit­ ten text of a play, broadcast seat [si:t] — место, стул — anything on which one may sit or sits; a centre of some activity seduce [si dju:s] — соблаз­ нять, обольщать — to lead aside or away; to persuade a person to act contrary to the principles he normally follows seem [si:m] — казаться — to give the impression of being som ething; to have the appearance o f b ein g true, existing self-portrait [ self poitrit] — автопортрет — the port­ rait of a painter made by himself

179

ness; a slight variation, degree; a place partly shel­ tered from the fu ll light or heat of the sun shape [jeip] — очерта­

ние, форма — form, em­ bodiment; the way in which an object is seen or felt; the outward appearance of a person’ s body sharp [ja:p] — отточен­ ный; резкий ; я зв и т е л ь ­ ный; четкий — well adapt­ ed to cut or pierce; harsh, b itin g or severe; clear or distinct; rapid, brisk, ener­ getic silly [ sili] — глупый — stupid, lacking common sense; absurd, ridiculous

sin g [s ig ], sang [saeq], sung [sAq] — петь — to perform a song; to produce sensual [ sensju^l], [ sensounds; to recite in — чувственный musical — a singing voice having great liking for bodi­ ly pleasure, pertaining to

the satisfaction o f bodily desires shade [feid] — тень, от­ тенок — comparative dark­

singular [ siqgjul^] — ис­

ключительный, своеобраз­ ный — unusual or remark­ able; extraordinary; strange or peculiar

180

A rtM

song [sag] — песня — a musical composition for one or more voices; a poem that can be set to music; the act or art o f singing; the call of a bird sound [saund] — звук — vibrations that are carried through the air to produce sensation in the ear; some­ thing that is heard spark [spade] — искра — a

small, hot, glowing particle thrown o f f from fire ; any flash of light; a small amount, trace specify [ spesifai] — точ­ но определять,обозначать — to describe in detail; to mention in a definite way; to set down as a specifica­ tion spectator [spek teita^] — зритель — a person who watches but does not take part; an observer, member o f an audience stage [steid3] — сцена — a raised platform in a theatre or hall on which a p erfor­ mance takes place.

Stage

star [sta:] — звезда — any h eavy body th at ap­ pears as a bright point of light in the night sky; a person who is outstanding in some field string [striq] — веревка, струна — a rope; a thin strand of wire or nylon used to produce tones in certain musical instruments stun [sUn] — ош елом ­ л я т ь — to shock as by a blow; to overwhelm stunning [ sUniq] — изу­ м ительный — extrem ely attractive or good-looking

181

tale [teil] — сказка, рас­ сказ — a story or account of uvents; narrative; false­ hood talk [to:k] — разговаринать — to express ideas or

Information; to spread rumours, to gossip temptation [temp teijn]

— искушение, соблазн — Homething sinful, illega l, foolish, provocative treasure [ "tre3 a^] — со­

V a lu e

showing the latest style; fashionable

кровище — a store o f valu­ ables; accumulated riches treat [tri:t] — 1) развлече­ ние — to provide entertain­ ment, pleasure; 2) угощение — to give food, drink; 3) ле­ чение — to g iv e m edical attention to unforgettable [ Anfjr getobl ]

— незабываемый — me­ morable; not to be forgotten unknown [ лп ПЭЧ1П] — неизвестный— - unfam ili­ ar, not identified, not disco­ vered up-to-date [ Apta1deit] —

современный — modern,

value [ vaelju:] — ценность; стоимость — monetary worth; considered worth, usefulness, importance; merit valu able [ vaeljua'hl] — ценный — worth much money; of great use, worth or importance visual [ vi^ua^l] — зри­ тельный, наглядный — used in sight; relating to; resulting from; visible, can be seen vivid [ vivid] — яркий, живой — clear and distinct; sharp; producing clear or

182

lifelike images in the mind; active, lively xylophone [ zaila'fanm] —

ксилофон — an instrument

Art В consisting o f horizontal wooden bars arranged in graded length and tuned in a chromatic scale

advertise f'aedvaiaiz] — рекламировать; to make known; to draw attention to; to proclaim publicly; to nnnounce advertisement |>dW:tis-

inarit] — реклама; public notice or announcement o f­ fering goods or services for sale; the act of announcing — (by radio, newspapers, TV, handbills) to advise |>d'vaiz] — со­ ветовать; to recommend a course o f action; to g iv e ndvice to sombody; to teach how to plan one’ s work; to consult advice [a^d'vais] — in for­ mation sent by an agent; consultation of a specialist;

a stated opinion which helps to determine correct action or conduct bargain ['ba:gin] — сдел­

ка, торг — an agreement on turns of give and take; some­ thing offered cheaply or advantageously to borrow ['Ьогзчі] — за­ нимать, брать взаймы — to take; some ting on the under­ standing that it w ill be re­ turned later; to take and use c a rd b o a rd ['ka:dbo:d],

['kaidb^d] — картон — s tiff paper used for shoe boxes case [keis] — случай ;

ящик, коробка, кейс — а state of affairs; a box; an incident

184

Shopping I close [kl34iz] — закры вать — to end, to finish; to shut; to come to an end coin [koin] — монета — a piece o f metal money

chance [tja:ns] — шанс, случай — an occurance/ case that can’ t be accounted fo r ; fa te o f a person; an o p p o rtu n ity to do som e­ thing change ['tjeind3] — изме­ н я ть; м енять — the e x ­ change o f one thing for another; fresh outlook; a balance o f money; coins of small denomination cheap [tji:p] — дешевый — inexpensive; easily ob­ tained; poor in quality clip [klip] — скрепка, за­ жим, скоба — a thing for fastening papers togeter; a bobby pin

colour ['кл1э\| — цвет — a pigment; the complexion o f the face; the racial com plexion o f people; a ribbon used as a symbol o f a party, sports team; tone o f con versation or behaviour; the general effect of colour in a painting c on sum e [ka4i'sju:m], [k34i'su:m] — потреблять — to eat, to drink up; to waste or absorb time, money

| Shopping cost [kost] — стоимость,

цена — the price paid or to paid for something; money to be paid; an item in the outlay o f time, labour, trouble, etc.

be

count [kaunt] — считать

— to add up; to repeat; to include; to name numbers in order custom er ['kAst34na\| —

покупатель — someone who buys regulary from a parti­ cular shop dam age ['daemid3] — убыток, ущерб; поврежде­ ние — harm; injury; a money compensation for harm

debt [det] — долг — some­ th in g (m on ey ) owned to another; the state of owning demand [di'ma:nd] — тре­

бование — an urgent claim, an economic need or call; the thing requested disadvantage [^isa-d'vain-

tid3 ] — невыгода, ущерб — an unfavourable circum­ stance, drawback, loss, han­ dicap

185 disagree [disa-'gri:], ['disa'1gri:] — не соглашаться, ссо­ риться — to d iffe r in opi­ nion; to quarrel; to be harm­ ful or unsuitable d isc o u n t ['diskaunt] —

скидка, учет векселей — a reduction in price; a sum deducted from an account if it is paid immediately or in advance dispose [dis'p34iz] — рас­ полагать, склонять — to place in position, to incline, to arrange; to determine the outcome; to deal as one wishes with d is trib u te ['distribju:t],

[dis'tnbju:t] — распределять, раздавать — to spread, to put in d ifferen t places; to occur geographically eager [4:дэ\| — стремя­ щийся, нетерпеливый — having a strong desire; to wish very much; keen enum erate [I'njuimareit] — перечислять — to name one by one; to count exaggerate [ i g 'z a e c ^ r e i t ]

— преувеличивать — to go

186 beyond the truth in describ­ ing or representing; to make larger than normal; to lay increased emphasis upon expend [iks'pend] — тра­ тить — to spend, to use up; to pay out expense fiks'pens] — рас­ ходы — cost in term s of money; money paid out in running a business or house­ hold fair [fea'] — 1) ярмарка

— a traditional market held on a specific date; 2) кра­ сивый — light coloured, beau tifu l; 3) справедли­ вый — ju st; according to the rules fare [fe^] — стоимость проезда — the cost of a journey (by bus, train, airp­ lane, ship) fit [fit] — подходящий,

годный — good enough; proper, right; in good physical condition, healthy habit ['haebit] — привыч­ ка — a tendency to repeat an act again and again; automatism

Shopping |

half [ha:fj — половина — one of the two equal parts into which som ething is divided; one of two equal periods in a game divided by a break hurry ['h\ri] — торопить, торопиться — the need to act quickly, without delay; waste no time; to do some­ thing for a short period of time income ['ткэтп] — до­ ход, заработок — wages, salary; dividents from in­ vestments increase [in'kriiz] — рас­ ти, возрастать, увеличи­ ваться — to become greater in size, degree, number; to grow inexpensive [^niks'pensiv] — дешевый, недорогой — cheap, not expensive, not dear; of small price innum erable [I'njuima1-

гэ-Ы] — неисчислимый, бес­ численный — very many, too many to be counted; un­ countable m arket [ ma:kit] — ры­

нок — a place where many

Shopping

18-7

sellers display and sell their goods; a region for success­ ful trading measure [ шезз1] — мера, измерение — determinati­ on; bringing into comparission; a unit of length, volume; amount, extent or degree; a criterion ; an appropriate amount or portion m ill [mil] — мельница — a building containing m achinery which grinds grain into flour; a machine that grinds grain; a small hand-operated machine for grinding co ffee, pepper, beans money [ тлш] — деньги — anything that serves as a medium of exchange for goods and services much [m\tj] — много (к неисчисляемым суще­ ствительным) — great in quantity, extent or degree number [ плтЬгг] — чис­ ло, цифра — a symbol used to express how many; a figure used to denote one thing

obtain [эЬ tein] — полу­

чать, добывать — to get, receive, have; to become the possessor o f, secure for oneself or another occasion |> kei3^n] — случай, обстоятельство — a set of circumstances; some case, occurance, event odour [ Vuda1] — запах,

аромат — smell, the charac­ teristic smell of sometihng open [ з-ирэп] — откры­ вать, открытый — not shut, not closed, free, unoccupied; frank, concealing nothing option [ opJVn] — выбор, оптимальный — a choos­ ing; freedom of choice; most favourable, the best

188 outlay [ autlei] — издер­ жки — expenditure, an in­ stance of this pledge [ pled3 ] — залог, задаток — som ething o f value left as security for a loan or as a quarantee; a solemn promise prefer [pri предпо­ читать — to like better; to choose rather; to give priority to price [prais] — цена — market value; that which is given or demanded in return for a thing, service offered for sale or barter profit [ profit] — выгода — benefit, advantage; f i ­ nancial gain purchase [ pa4tj>s], [ po-itjis] — покупка, поку­ пать — to get something by paying money; to buy put [put] — класть — to cause to be in a specified place, condition, situation quality [ kwoliti] — каче­ ство — degree of excellence; characteristic; social status

Shonmne

jp

quantity [ kwontiti] — ко­ личество — the number of; an amount; the property of things that can be measured queue [kju:] — очередь — a line o f people awaiting their turn rap [гагр] — 1) легкий удар, стук; — a sharp quick blow 2) безделица; мелкая монета — nonsense, half­ penny; только в выраже­ нии: not to care a rap (not to give a rap) — ни гроша receipt [ri si:t] — распис­ ка в получении — the act o f g ettin g som eth in g; a formal written acknowled­ gement o f receiving smth; request [ri kwest] — просьба — an attempt to get something that one wants by making this known in speech or writing rich [ritj] — богатый — possessing great wealth; having many natural resour­ ces rob [rob] — грабить — to take property illegally; to

I Shopping take money with threat of force sack [saek] — мешок — a large receptacle; a bag sale [seil] — продажа — a selling or being sold; a public selling by auction; a selling of out-of-date stock at reduced prices sell (sold) [sel], [sanild] — продавать — to find a buyer; to give goods, property or rights to another person in exchange for money shop [Jap] — магазин, мастерская — a small store where things are sold; a place where a particular type of work is done; a place where things are made or repaired

189 sponge [spAnd3 ] — губка — a synthetic material used in cleaning for its ability to absorb fluids and yield them again on pressure spray [sprei] — брызги, водяная пыль, пульвериза­ тор — water in the form of fine particles or droplets; the device holding this liquid steal [sti:l], (stole, stolen) [stoul], [ stoula^n] — воро­ вать, красть — to take from another secretly without permission; to move or pass secretly, slowly or without being seen

shortage [ Jb:tid3 ] — не­ хватка — lack, too small an amount or supply

store [sto:] — запас, склад — a place in which a variety of goods is kept for sale; a quantity o f something put away or held in reserve for future use

size [saiz] — размер, ве­ личина — bign ess, true account

supply [s^ plai] — снаб­ жение — stock; the amount needed for use; store

spend [spend] — тратить, расходовать; проводить время — to pay out money; to pass time in a specified manner or place

tag [taeg] — ярлычок, уш­ ко; штамп — a piece of paper, plastic or other material with some information to indentify or label the thing

190

Shopping

I

take [teik] — брать, взять — to grasp, to get hold; to capture; to occupy; to conduct, to lead

trade [treid] — торговля; ремесло — the business o f buying and selling; ex change of goods; a profession

thread [0red] — нитка, нанизывать — a very thin cord o f cotton, wool or silk used in sewing; to pass or proceed in a tw is tin g or winding manner

twice [twais] — дважды — two times; on two occasions

toy [tDi] — игрушка — an object fo r a child to play w ith ; som ething o f little value or importance

use |Ju:s] — польза — the act of using; a need or occa­ sion; [ju:z] — использовать — to take often; to supply; to employ fo r a particular purpose

unnecessary [лп nesisari]

— ненужный, лишний — not needed, needless

useful [ ju:sful] — полез­ ный, пригодный — serv­ ing a good use or purpose; helpful variety [va^ raia'-ti] — раз­ нообразие — change or d if­ ference; a collection of d if­ feren t things; a d ifferen t part or form of something various [ vea-ria's] — раз­ личный — d ifferen t from one another, o f d iffe re n t kinds; several, many

T h rea d

wallet [ Wo:lit] — бумаж­ ник, кожаная сумка — a

I

Shopping

191

Hmall fla t pocketcase fo r carrying papers, paper money, etc want [wont] — хотеть, ж елать — need o f some­ thing; the state or fact of having too little o f some­ thing desirable or needed ware [wea^] — изделия, товары — m anufactured goods for sale; merchandis­ ed things wealth [wel0] — богат­ ство, изобилие — anything which can be exchanged for money; world possessions; the products o f the econo­ mic a ctivity of a nation weigh [wei] — взвеши­ вать, весить — to d e te r­ mine the w eight o f some­ thing, to estimate weight; to consider the importance weight [wert] — вес, ги­ ря — the force acting on a

body in a gravitational field; a mass; an amount of matter; importance; a known mass of metal used for comparing other weights whisk [wisk] — 1) пома­ хивание; 2) веничек, ме­ телка — quick, light move­ ment; to move quickly; an instrum ent fo r sweeping small particles

C L O T H IN G

belt ['belt] — пояс, ре­ мень; конвейер — a strip of leather to support trousers; a region characterized by certain climatic conditions; belts fo r fix a tio n : Fasten the belts! blaser ['bleiza*] — спор­ тивная куртка — a windbreaker

— a knitted jacket with buttons clean [kli:n] — чистый — not dirty; fresh; tidy; free from ceremonial elements cloak [кізчік] — плащ, накидка — a broad sleeve­ less outer cloth sometimes

boots [bu:ts] — ботинки, сапоги — footwear made of leather, rubber or canvas button [ЪлШ] — пугови­ ца — a small disk or knob sewn on material cap [kaep] — кепка, фу­ ражка — a kind of light hat; a headdress of special form and colour cardigan ['ka:dig^n] — кардиган, вязаная кофта

B laser

|

Clothing

worn instead o f a coat; по­ кров — som ething which hides clothing ['klanidnj] — одежда — something to put on, to wear; clothes in general coat [kaut] — пальто — a person’ s jacket; an over­ coat; any outer covering cotton ['kotn] — хлопок — the soft, white, wool-like fiber enclosing the seeds of the cotton plant; a textile of this fiber; made o f cotton dark [dark] — темный, мрачный — not light; dis­ p iritin g , gloom y; m yste­ rious, secretive dream [dri:m] — мечта, сон — an idea or im age present in the sleeping mind; something greatly desired; an extravagant fancy dress [dres] — платье, одежда — decoration, style, fashion, clothes; a woman’ s frock or gown fashion ['faejn] — мода, стиль, фасон — way, man­

7 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

193

ner; style of clothes worn at a particular period of time; a prevailing mode in speech, social behaviour female ['filmed] — жен­ щина, женский — a female person (g irl, woman), ani­ mal or plant glove [gU v] — перчатка — a covering for the hand heel [hi:l] — пятка, каб­ л у к — the rounded back part o f the human foot; the back part of a boot or shoe; the part o f a sock or stock­ ing which covers the heel height [hait] — высота, рост — the distance from the base or foot to the top; distance above the earth

194

Clothing

|j§

inconsiderable ^mka-n'si-

dara-bl] — незначительный, неважный — triv ia l, not important, very small; un­ worthy indefectible [ lindi'fekt3vbl]

— без дефектов — without faults or defects; unfailing; good inexpressive [^niks'pre-

siv] — невыразительный — without emotion, boring; mashed, not distinct; un­ able to show, demonstrate leather ['1еб^] — кожа

— the skin o f an animal, cleaned and made soft; some­ thing made of this material (shoes, bags, gloves, coats, etc.) loop [lu:p] — петля — a

closed figure with a curved outline loose [lu:s] — свободный,

characteristic o f men, man­ ly; a male person, animal or plant m anner [ masna^] — об­

раз, манера — the way of doin g som eth in g; social behaviour with respect to standards; correct social behaviour mantle [ mæntl] — ман­

тия, покров — a loose outer sleeveless cloak or coat

широкий — hang freely ; not fittin g tightly; not fas­ tened or firm ly fixed; care­ less, vague; not exact; lack­ ing moral control

ний — situated in the middle; average

male [meil] — masculine [ ma:skjulin] — мужской —

middle [ midi] — сере­ дина, средний — central;

medial [ miidja'l] — сред­

I

195

Clothing

intermediate, m edium or

pure [pjua^] — чистый —

a v e ra g e in size, q u a lity , Htatus

free from the presence o f any other substance; free from admixture; a priori

[ motli] — раз­ ноцветный, пестрый — bright, varied in character, type; mixture o f colours motley

rag [raeg] — тряпка, лох­

мотья — a torn or worn piece o f cloth, article of clothing

— small in width; thorough, very precise; m arked by little activity

ribbon [ пЬзчі] — лента — a narrow strip o f silk, satin, velvet used for tying the hair or fo r decoration

needle [ni:dl] — игла — a

rin g — кольцо, ринг,

Hlender pointed piece of steel with an eye fo r carrying the thread, used in sewing

арена — a circular band of precious metal worn on a finger as a symbol; boxing ring; arena

narrow [ паггзчл] — узкий

new [nju:] — новый — made, discovered, known, heard or seen fo r the first l ime; recently made, pro­ duced or arrived

robe [гзчіЬ] — женское платье, мантия, роба — а

odd [ad] — странный,

необычный — unusual, exI raordinary, not fittin g in to the accepted p attern ; occasional, out-of-the-way pair [реэ1] — пара — a * «et o f tw o th in gs o f the

Hinne kind; a tning consist­ ing o f two complementary I»nrts; two persons associa­ ted together

R obe

196

Clothing

|

r

long loose outer dress worn as a symbol o f profession or position shabby [ jaebi] — поно­ шенный, оборванный — looking badly worn; wear­ ing badly worn clothes; poor in quality; mean, unfair, dishonourable, shameful shirt [JV:t] — мужская сорочка — a male clothing for the upper part of the body with a collar, sleeves and buttons down the front shoe Цш] — туфля — a

foot covering o f leather or other material giving pro­ tection to the instep

waist or hips and hanging down to varying lengths sleeve [sli:v] — рукав — the part of a clothing that covers all or part o f the arm slippers [ slipa^z] — ком­

натные тапочки — light low shoes worn chiefly in­ doors small [smail] — малень­ кий — not large or great in size, number; not im por­ tant, trivial; soft, weak, low sock [sok] — носок — a short stocking covering a person’s foot above the ankle soft [soft] — мягкий —

not hard; easily shaped;

short [$b:t] — короткий

— having little length, not long; not tall; not long in time; using few words; brief or abrupt shorten [ jb:tn] — укора­ чивать — to take short or shorter; to reduce; to decre­ ase skirt [ska^it] — юбка — a part of a woman’s or girl’s clothing fastened around the

S lippers

I Clothing

197

smooth or fine to touch; not rough spot [spot] — пятно — a 11lark , stain or blot produced by dirt; a small part or mark

differing from surrounding urea in colour or material stain [stein] — 1) пятно — a spot or mark o f dis­ coloration; 2 ) пачкать — to colour or treat with a pig­ ment or any coloured solu­ tion; to bring dishonour upon suit [sju:t] — 1) костюм — a jacket with a matching pair of trousers; 2) подхо­

дить, соответствовать — to I»lease, to satisfy, to be agreenble, convenient; 3) проше­ ние, иск — the act, process or proceeding in a court tro u se rs [ trauz^z] —

брюки — a clothing for the lower part of the body um brella [лш brela1] —

ііонтик — a device used to give protection from rain or ніш unbutton [ лп bAtn] — расстегивать — to open by unfastening the buttons

uncover [лп Lvva^] — рас­ крывать, обнажать — to disclose; to lay bare or make known; to remove the cover or covering from undress [ лп dres] — раз­

девать (ся) — to remove the clothes or covering from, to take the clothes o ff veil [veil] — вуаль, по­ крывало — a piece of lace, silk or net worn by women to cover their face; anything that covers, conceals, hides w aist [weist] — талия — the narrow part of the

198

Clothing

|

wide [waid] — широкий — not narrow, o f relatively large extent from side to side; great in extent; fully open,loose width [wid6] — ширина,

широта — measurement, distance or extent from side to side

human body between ribs and hips; the part o f the dress that covers the waist wardrobe [ wo:dra4ib] — платяной шкаф, гардероб — a tall piece o f furniture to keep clothes in; person’s clothes; a room where cos­ tumes are kept wear [wea1] (wore [wo:], worn [wo:n]) — носить, из­ нашивать — to have clothes on the body; to arrange smth. in a specified way; to bring to a specified state by use; damage due to use

wool [wul] — шерсть — the fibrous crisped growth on the skin o f certain ani­ mals; used fo r knitting or weaving a soft warm fabric w rap [raep] — 1) шаль, плед — a rug, shawl or ex­ tra clothing used to cover oneself, somebody; 2) заку­ тывать, заворачивать — to cover or enclose; to conceal; to fold as a covering wreath [ri:0 ] — венок, гирлянда; кольцо (дыма) — a circular band of flowers, leaves used to decorate a door, window, etc.

arrow ['аегзи] — стрела — the weapon shot from a bow; a directing sign b a ll [Ьэ:1] — мяч — a spherical object of any size used in different games (foot­ ball, volleyball, basketball) balloon [b^'luin] — воз­

душный шар bandy [ba^ndi] — 1) обме­

ниваться (словом, уда­ ром) — to exchange; 2) кри­ вой (о ногах) — crooked, not straight; 3) клюшка — hockey stick, club bold [bauld] — смелый, отчетливый — brave; con­ fidently original; impudent, shameless; printing o f bold­ face type bullet ['bulit] — пуля —

a small round piece of lead fired from a rifle or pistol chess [tjes] — шахматы — an ancient game of skill fo r two players played on chessboard coach [кэтДИ — экипаж; вагон — a large four-wheeled carriage; a bus for long — distance journeys; a rail­ road car for passengers; тре-

200

Sports

нер — a p riva te tu tor; а trainer in athletics

I

straight, straight-forward, candid; immediate; not turn­ ed aside; not inverted

crew [kru:] — экипаж — a ship’ s company with the officers; a body of men work­ ing together at a task; a row­ ing team

disable [dis'eibl], [diz'eibl] — делать неспособным — not able to do, to incapa­ citate physically or mentally

dart [da:t] — дротик; жало — a sharply — pointed light arrow; a sudden swift movement; to aim quickly and suddenly

distract [dis'traekt] — от­ влекать, приводить в заме­ шательство — to confuse; to divert the attention of; to drive nearly mad

decline [di'klain] — скло­ няться, подходить к концу — to refuse, to fall o ff, to slope downwards; to begin to go down

d rill [dril] — трениров­ ка, обучение; дрель — a series of exercises in physi­ cal training, in the use of weapons or equipment; a

decrease [di:'kri:s], ['di:kri:s] — уменьшать, убывать; to make less, smaller; to diminish

d e fe a t [d i'fiit] — р аз­ гром, поражение — frastration, prevention from success; to be overcome in war, sport or argument defend [di'fend] — защи­ щать — to p ro tect from danger, to ju stify direct [di'rekt], [dai'rekt] —

прямой,

точный

—

Drill

1|

Sports _________________

201

mental exercise regu larly repeated; a tool for making holes in wood, etc

em ulate ['emjuleit] — со­ ревноваться — to try to do as well as; to have a compe­ tition envy ['envi] — зависть — a fe e lin g o f antagonism towards someone because of some good which he is enjoy­ ing but which one does not have oneself; an innocent desire to share another's good; something which arouses this desire excercise ['eks^saiz] — упражнение — the use or practice o f power, right; training to develop skill, mental abilities; a task for students to g iv e practice and test knowledge; a train­ ing operation

foot [fut] — ступня ноги — the lowest part of a leg

game [geim] — игра — a contest played fo r sport or pleasure; a scheme, a plan of action; a competition; some amusement or fun

goal [дзчд1] — цель; гол — an aim or objective; the act of sending a ball to score gold [дэтаШ] — золото — a yellow metallic element; the colour o f gold; the prize good w ill ['gu d'w il] — доброжелательность, доб­ рая воля — friendliness gun [длп] — ружье, пи­ столет — any weapon (a revolver, a rifle ); a toy im i­ tation o f such weapon guy [дат] — парень — a man, a fellow ; a person of funny appearance

hop [hop] — прыгать, прыжок — to make a little jump; to move foreward in a series of little fumps; to

Sports

202

jump into; to change the subject of a conversation; a short trip hour [аиэ\| — час, 60 ми­ нут — a fix e d period o f time, 60 minutes; a special moment or short time hurry ['Ьлп] — торопить, торопиться — the need to act quickly, without delay; waste no time; to do some­ thing for a short period of time indeed [in'diid] — в са­ мом деле, действительно — in fact; certainly; really; true in flex io n [in'flekjn] — сгибание, м одуляц ия — turning or bending; a change in tone or pitch of voice instead [in'sted] — вза­

мен, вместо — for a change; in place of; rather than jab [d3 aeb] — толкать — to push; to penetrate sud­ denly with a pointed object; to poke sharply; to give a short straight blow

jog [d3 Dg] — толчок; мед­ ленная ходьба — to give a

Д

slight push; to cause to move or become active; to move along at a regular pace with­ out hurrying jum p [d3Amp] — прыгать — to rise momentarily into the air with the help of legs; to make a sudden involun­ tary movement; to shift from one topic to another; to make rise quickly k ick [kik] — ударять но­ гой, лягать — to hit with the fo o t volu n tary or in ­ v o lu n ta ry ; to s trik e out with the foot; to protest or complain kneel [ni:l] — стоять на коленях — to rest or fall on one or both knees leap [li:p] —

прыжок, скачок — a sudden move­ ment from one place to another by the muscular e ffo rt of the legs or feet; to jump slightly line [lain] — линия, нить

— a mark showing the lim its; the boundary or lim it of an area; an outline, contour; a row of written,

203

Ж Sports

printed or typed words; a number o f th in g s which come one after another in time in a regular manner or series . loud [laud] — громкий, шумный — noisy, produc­ ing a powerful stimulus on the ear; unrefined man [maen] — мужчина

— an adult human male; a husband; a male employee manhood [ masnhud] —

мужество — the state or period o f b eing an adult male; men collectively; man­ ly qualities o f courage and fortitude

M atch

mankind [mæn kaind] — человечество — the human race in general mat [mæt] — 1) матовый — without shine or luster; 2 ) циновка, рогожа — a floor covering; a thick floor coverin g used in gymnas­ tics match [ mætj] — пара; матч — one o f two persons or things exactly alike; a person or thing harmoniz­ ing well with another; a competition

M anhood

mate [meit] — товарищ; супруг — a companion, a fellow worker; a partner in marriage; ai? assistant

204

S p o r fs J I

motion [ rrmijn] — жест, движение — the act or process; a formal proposal; a movement

outside [ aut said] — на­ ружный, внешний — ex­ terior, outer parts; external appearance

move [mu:v] — двигать­ ся — to change the position; to in flu en ce; to be made active; to make progress; to take action

overbalance [^uva^ bas­ i c s ] — терять равновесие

movement [ murvmarit] —

движение — the act or process o f moving; an im ­ pulse; a change or trend in the price of some commodity or stock net [net] — сеть — an

open-meshed fabric of cord, hair, nylon used for catch­ ing fish, birds, insects or animals noise, noisy [noiz], [ noizi]

— шум, ш умный — any sound which causes discom­ fo r t to the hearer; a loud outcry, shouting, vib ra ti­ on, etc outdoor [ autdo:] — вне дома, на открытом возду­ хе — done or used outside the house; characteristic of the open air

— to lose one’ s balance past [pa:st] — прошлый

— just ended; relating to an earlier time; former pity [ piti] — сожаление — a feeling of sympathy; a cause o f sorrow or regret play [plei] — играть — to

take part in games; to make music; to perform the music; to give a performance playground [ pleigraund] — площадка для игр — a piece of ground set apart for children to play on; a favou­ rite district for recreation previous [ priivja^s], [ privies] — предыдущий — done earlier, before the right time quarrel [ kwor^l] — ссо­ ра — an a n gry d ispu te; disagreement; altercation

I

205

Sports

quits [kwits] — to be quits быть в расчете, раскви­ таться — equal; to stop activity without victory or defeat

rapid [ raspid] — быст­ рый, скорый — characte­ rized by speed; fast, quick real [ гЫ ] — реальный,

действительный — existi ng in fact; natural; obvious reel [ri:l] — вертеться — to whirl around; качаться

— to be shaken physically

rink [rigk] — каток — an area of natural or artificial ice used for ice-skating

rival [ raiva^l] — сопер­ ник — a person in competi­ tion with others; a competi­ tive, an enemy rod [rod] — прут, удочка

— a thin slender bar (pole) in wood, metal, glass run [глп] — бежать — to move rapidly over the ground; to escape; to compete in a race; to go regularly between two places

or mentally by the shock of

astonishment, g rief, etc relax [n laeks] — расслаб­

ru se [ru:z] — уловк а,

хитрость — cunning; guile; trick, trial

ляться, отдыхать — to make less strict; to lower nervous tension; to become less tense or strict, less restrained repel [n pel] — отталки­ вать — to d riv e back; to repress, to discourage; to cause not to penetrate rile [rail] — раздражать, сердить — to annoy, to arouse anger or resentfulness in; to irritate

R iv a l

rush [гл|] — мчаться, нестись стремительно — to move with speed and violence; to appear swiftly; to act quickly, reckless score [sko:] — 1) метка;

2) счет — a line or mark cut in the surface of something; the marking o f a point in a game or competition; a num­ ber symbolizing the degree of success scream [skri:m] — кри­ чать — to cry loudly because o f fear, pain or shock seize [si:z] — хватать, захватывать — to take sud­ denly and hold firm ly ; to take by force; to take sud­ den mental possession self-possession [ selfpa^-

zejam] — самообладание — presence of mind, the ability to control oneself [Jaut] — крик, кричать — a loud wordless cry to attract attention or to express some strong emotion; to yell shout

silver [ silva^] — серебро — a shiny white metalic

element that is soft and easily shaped and is the best conductor o f heat and elec­ tricity skate [skeit] — конек, ка­ таться на коньках — an ice skate, a roller skate; to move or glide along on skates ski [ski:] — лыжа, катать­

ся на лыжах — one of a pair o f long, narrow, wooden, metal or plastic strips curv­ ing upward at the front and designed to be fastened to a boot for gliding over snow skill [skil] — мастерство — the power or ability to do

Sports

something resulting from practice, training skip [skip] — прыгать — to move along with short, quick hops first on one foot then on the other; to jump the rope sleigh [slei] — sledge |sled3] — санки, кататься на санках — a vehicle on runners used to carry people or load over snow and ice slide [slaid] — скользить

— to move or pass smoothly along a su rfa ce; to pass quietly or gradually slip [slip] — 1) посколь­ знуться — to slid e sud­ denly and accidentally; to move or slide out o f control; 2 ) ошибка — to make an accidental mistake - a slip of the tongue slow [s la n i] — м едлен­ ный — acting, m oving or happening with low /little speed, not fast or quick snapshot [ snaspja-t] — моментальный снимок — to take a photograph for a very short period of time

207

snare [sne^] — ловушка, западня — a trap for catch­ ing small animals; anything that tricks or entraps soccer [ soka1] — football — футбол — a game in which two teams of eleven players each attempt to move a round ball in to a goal by kicking or striking it with any part of the body except hands soon [su:n] — вскоре, ско­

ро — in the nearest future; before long; shortly; without delay sorry [ son] — огорчен­ ный, сожалеющий — feel­ ing pity, sympathy, regret speed [spi:d] — скорость

— quickness or rapidity of motion; rate of motion; the sensitivity o f a photograhic paper to light spontaneous [spon teinja^s] — самопроизвольный, спон­ танный — arising from a natural impulse or desire; not planned or forced step [step] — шагнуть, делать шаг у - the move-

208 ment of raising the foot and p u ttin g it down in a new position (w alk in g, clim b­ ing, dancing) stick [stik] — палочка — a long thin piece o f wood; anything resembling a stick stout [staut] — тучный; сильный, крепкий — hav­ ing a thick, balky figu re; brave, physically strong; solid in structure straigh t [streit] — пря­ мой — not wavy, moving in the same direction without a curve or bend; not crook­ ed; truthful, frank

Sports

strength [streqG] — сила,] прочность — power, force, energy; the power to resist] attack, force; the degree of concentration success [s^k ses] — уда* ча — good luck; favourable result or ending; the gain­ ing o f wealth, position or fame sweat [swet] — пот, ис­ парина — a clear salty fluid given o ff through the роген o f the skin sw ift [swift] — скорый, быстрый — m oving with great speed; happening quickly or without delay swim [swim] — плавать, плыть — to move along in the w ater by m ovin g the parts of the body; to float on water; team [ti:m] — команда — any group working toge­ ther throw [Gram] (threw [0ru:], thrown [бгзчт] — бросать — to send up into the air with the hand or hands; to

J

209

Sports

1i nuse to fall to the ground; 111 put hurriedly or careless-

lv; to direct or project unlucky [лп Uki] — негчастливый — not having H' K )d luck; unfortunate; bad luck upset [лр set] — опрокидывать, наруш ать; paci "I раивать — to turn over, Iо knock over; to throw into ilisorder; to make anxious or uneasy whole [h34jl] — весь, цеnы й — entire, undivided; not lacking any part, with no part excepted willowy — тонкий и гиб1сий — slender and grace­ ful; abounding in willows; thin, slim, tender w in (w on, w on ) [w in ], |wAn] — побеждать — to come fir s t in the compe-

W in

tition; to achieve a victory; to succeed; to gain reward wrestle [resl] — бороть­ ся, борьба — to stru ggle with an opponent trying to throw or trip him yacht [jot ] — яхта — a light, fast — sailing vessel used fo r racing, pleasure cruises

b irth d a y ['ba^Gdei] — день рождения — the day o f one’ s birth card [ka:d] — карточка,

карта — a piece o f paper suitable for writing or print­ ing; a playing card celebrate t'sela^breit] — праздновать, отмечать — to perform a ceremony pub­ licly; to honour some event; to praise and sing glories chatter ['tj£et3\j — бо л­

тать чепуху, болтовня — a ligh t talk; to speak much and fast often foolishly congratulate [kari'grastjuleit] — поздравлять — to express pleasure in the success or happiness of...

dedicate ['dedikeit] — по­ свящ ать — to d evo te to some purpose; to inscribe some book, etc.; in honour o f somebody enjoy [in'd30i] — п о лу ­ чать удовольствие, наслаж­ даться — to take pleasure or deligh t in; to have the use, benefit or advantage; to get satisfaction and plea­ sure e n te rta in [ent^'tein] — развлекать, увеселять — to give interest and pleasure to; to receive as a visitor or guest; to show hospitality; to have in one's mind; to give thought or considera­ tion to smb

eve [i:v] — канун — the day before some named day;

|

211

Holidays

the brief period before some momentous or culminating event fill [fil] — наполнять, заполнять — to make fulj; to occupy the whole space of; to become full; to complete film ['film ] — ф ильм; пленка, оболочка — a movie with an accompanying sound­ track; a thin layer; a growth on the eye find [faind] — находить — to discover what was lost; to open by experim ent or study; to discover by chance fun, funny [fan], ['fani] — шутка, забава, забавный — pleasure and amusement; playfulness; a joke gather ['дэебэ1] — соби­ рать, собираться — to collect; to come together; to accumulate, to generate; to pick up gay [gei] — веселый, бес­ путный — merry, cheerful, lighthearted, joyful

gift [gift] — подарок; дар, талант — a thing given; a natural talent; a present

greet [gri:t] — привет­ ствовать — to say hello; to salute; to address with cour­ teous words or gestures on meeting guess [ges] — угадывать

— to say an opinion about something without full knowledge or detailed reasoning; to suppose happy ['haepi] — счастли­ вый — expressing jo y or pleasure; lucky, fortunate holiday ['hol^di], ['holidi], ['holidei] — праздник, ка­ никулы — a day on which one does not go to work, school; some past еуё^в, famous person’ s birthday holy ['h^uli] — святой — o f God, his works, dwelling place, attributes; a life of spiritual purity invite [in'vait] — пригла­ шать — to ask for; to request, to ask hospitably to come and participate involve [in'volv] — вовле­

кать; включать в себя — to include, concern; to comprise; to consist of; to engage >

212

joke [с1зэч1к] — шутка — an action, saying, event which causes amusement or laughter; a person who is laughed at because he is rediculous jo lly ['d3oli] — веселый, оживленный — full of good humour and fun; sligh tly drunk; good-humoured joy [d3 or] — радость — happiness, great deligh t; the outward expression of emotions kite [kait] — коршун; бу­ мажный змей — a bird o f a fa m ily o f small hawks; a lig h t wooden fram ew ork covered with paper and flown on the wind at the end o f long string m agic [ masd3 ik] — ма­ ги я; волш ебны й — any mysterious power or pheno­ menon; the art or practice o f producing illusions meet [mi:t] — встречать — to come face to face; to be present at the arrival; to make the acquaintance of; to face up to; to come into

H olidays

|

the com pany o f; to come into contact with miss [mis] — 1) девушка — unmarried woman or girl; 2 ) промахнуться, опоздать — to fa il to reach, meet, make contact; to escape, to avoid month [т л п б ] — месяц — a period o f four weeks nice [nais] — хороший, красивый — pleasant, kind, attractive, delightful, fine; delicate, sensitive orthodox [ 3:034loks] — православный — holding the official, accepted or standard opinions, not heretical or independent

parcel [ pais^l] — посыл­ ка — one or more things secured by a string or wrapp­ ing to make a single object for handling and transport pick [pik] — собирать —

to gather; to choose or select carefully; to distinguish from others quibble [ kwibl] — игра слов, уклон от прямого от­

I

213

H olidays

пета — a game of pompous words raising purely formal difficulties quip [kwip] — колкость, ;шиграмма — a sarcastic remark, an epigram quiz [kwiz] — шутка, на­ смешка — a joke; gen tly mocking; eccentric or odd note receive [ri si:v] — полу­

чать, принимать — to take into one’ s hands or mind; to accept something; to get; to admit; to welcome

splash [splæj] — всплеск,

брызги — to throw a liquid about; to mark or decorate by splashing; to fall or move with a splash or splashes splendid [ splendid] — ве­ ликолепный, роскошный — b rillian t, m agnificent, im pressive, gloriou s, e x ­ cellent thank [0æijk] — благода­ рить — to express g r a ti­ tude or appreciation

salutation [,saelju: teijn] — приветствие — the act of givin g greeting, saluting

time [taim] — время; раз — an indefinite extent dur­ ing which events, actions happen, exist or continue; a definite part or portion of time

solemn [ solarn] — тор­

trick [trik] — фокус, об­

жественный — having much d ign ity or m ajesty; accompanied form a lity or ceremony, serious and earnest

ман, у ло в к а — cheat; a p a rticu la r s k ill o f doing something easily and success­ fully

soul [sjnil] — душа — the emotional part o f humans, seat of deep feeling; the non­ physical part of humans that controls their thoughts, feel­ ings, actions

u ngratefu l [лп greitjul] — неблагодарный — not thankful fo r the received kindness and help; unplea­ sant unhappy [лп hæpi] — не­ счастный, неудачный — )

214

unlucky, unfortunate; with­ out joy or happiness wait [weit] — ждать — to expect; to remain in a place to meet somebody; to await fo r somebody whistle [ wisl] — свис­ теть, свист — to make a shrill, piping sound by fo r ­ cin g the breath th rough pressed lips; a device used as a signal

H olidays

|

wish [w ij] — желание,

желать — a feeling o f un­ fu lfilled satisfaction; a desire, a request worship [ wa^fip] — по­ клоняться, обожать — to id olize, to adore; honour paid to God

year [ja-:], [jia^] — год — the period o f timetaken by the earth to complete one orbit around the sun

СЛОВАРЬ ОМОФОНОВ И ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗМ ОВ A abbreviate [>"bri:vieit] ab/norm/al [>b no:m], |>b na:ma"l] ab/original [ 1æbaJrid3 a,n/1] absolute ['æbs3^lu:t] ab/sorb [a^b'saib] abstract ['æbstrækt] absurd, -ity |>bW:d],

[a^b sæditi] academy |Vkædami] accelerate [æk'selOTeit] accessories [æk'sesariz] accord [Vka:d] ac/credit [Vkredit] accumulate [aJkju:mju/leit] accurate ['ækjurit] acoustic [Vku:stik] acrobat ['ækra-bæt] act [ækt] actor ['ækta1] adaptation [^dæp'teijn] address [Vdres] adequate ['ædikwit] administration [a^ministreija'n]

admiral ['ædmara-l]

adventure [>d'ventja] advocate ['aedva^keit] aerodrome ['eara'dramm] aerodynamics ['earamdai'naemiks] aeroplane [leara,plein] agency ['eid33"nsi] agent ['eid33nt] agglomerate [a^'glomareit] aggregate ['aegrigit] agitation [,aed3 i'teijn] aggression [a^'greja^n] agony ['aega-ni] agricultural [^gn'kAltfar^l] agrarian [V g rE arian ] alcohol ['aslka'hol] allegory ['aeligari] alley ['aeli] almanac [’oilma-naek] alternative [a:l'ta‘:na'tiv] ambition [aem'biJVn] a/moral [as'mara^l] amorphous [a-'moifa-s] analogy [a"'naela"d3 i] analyse ['aena^laiz] anecdote ['aenikda-ut] angel ['eind33"P

216

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

annotate ['aenaniteit] anonymous [Упэш тэ^] antenna [sn'tena^] apparatus [ lasp3Jreit3,s] appetite ['aepitait] apricot ['eiprikot] arena [Угі:пз^] argument ['aiqjumarit] aristocracy [aeris'tokr^si] arithmetic [УпбтзЧік] archaic [a:'kenk] architect ['aikita'kt] army ['a:mi] art [a:t] artist ['a:tist] aspect ['aespa^kt] asphalt [ ‘aesfaelt] — глагол; [aes'felt] — существ, assembly (Vsembli] assistant [Vsistaiit] astronaut ['aestranoit] astronomy [WtronaTni] atheism, -ist ['eiOnzarm], ['eiBnst] atmosphere ['aetma^sfijr] atom ['aeta'm] antique [asn'tirk] attribute ['astribju:t] auction [ ‘oikj^n] author ['о:0гг] autobiography [^itanibai'ografi] autograph ['o:t^gra:f], ['oita'graefj

automatic [^it^'mætik] automobile ['эЛаию-ЬЫ] avenue ['ævinju:] aviation [1eivi'eiJ'n] В bacillus [ba^’sila^s] bacteriology [bæk ^an'otod^] bacterium [bask'tiariarn] balance ['bælaris] balcony ['bælkatu] balk [Ьэ:к] — балка, бревно ballad ['bæla-d] ballet ['bælei], ['bæli] ballast t'bæla^t] ballot ['bæl^t] — б ю лле­ тень, баллотироваться banal [b^'nail] banana [b^'nain^] bandit ['bændit] bank [bæqk], banker f'bæqka^] banquet ['bæqkwit] bar [ba:] barge ['ba:d3 ] barometer [b^'romit^] baron ['bærari] barrack ['bæra'k] barricade [^æri'keid] barrier ['bæria^] barter [ ‘baitsr] base [beis]

I

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

basic ['beisik] basketball [ ‘ba:skitbo:l] bastion ['bæstism] battalion [b^'tælja-n] battery ['bætan] beat [bi:t] — бить, колотить benzine ['benzi:n] Bible ['baibl] billiard ['bilja^d] billion ['bilja-n] biography [bai'agro-fi], [bi'ogra^fi] biology [bai'ola^i] biplane ['baiplein] blindage [ blaindid3 ] block [bbk] blockade [bb'keid] blond (e) [bbnd] bolt [banilt] — болт, засов bomb [bom] booklet ['buklit] boom [bu:m] — гул, шум, бум boss [bos] boulevard ['bu:lva:d] boxing ['boksiq] boycott ['boika^t] breeches [britjiz] — бриджи breeze [bri:z] — бриз brigade [bri'geid] brilliant ['bnlja’nt] Broadway ['bro:dwei] broker ['branika*] — оцен­ щик

217

bronze [bronz] budget ['bAd3 it] businessman ['biznismaen] C

cabin ['kasbin] cabinet [ ’kaebinit], ['kaebnit] calendar ['kaelinda-], [ kaetand^] calorie ['kaelari] camera ['kaema-r^] capitulate [kar'pitjuleit] captain ['kaeptin] carp [ka:p] catalogue ['kaeta^bg] categorical [^aeti'gorik^l] centre ['senta\| ceremonial ^seri'maunja1!] ceremony ['serim^m] champion ['tjasmpja-n] character ['kaera"kta\|, • fkaerikta^] chemical ['kemika^l] cheque [tj"ek] chief [tj:if] chlorine ['kb:ri:n] chocolate [ ’tjoka-lit] chorus ['koira's] Christian ['kristjsrn] cigar [si'ga:] cigarette [^iga^'ret] cinema f'simma"] 4 citadel ['sita-dl]

218

Cjioeapb 0M0(p0H06 u UHmepH.au,uoHCuiu3Moe

civilization [^ivilai'zeijn] classic ['klæsik] clerk [kla:k] C lien t ['klaiant] clim ate ['klaimit] club [klAb] cocktail ['kokteil] cocoon [ka^'kuin] co e ffic ien t [^kaWfijarit] c o ffee ['kafi] collect [ka^'lekt] colony ['kalam] colossal [ka^'lasl] com bination ^kambi'neijn] com edy ['kamidi] command [kzr'maind] com m entary [ kama-nta-fi] commune [ka^mjuin] companion [ka'fn'pænja'n] compensate f'kampariseit] coAiplex f'kampleks] com plim ent ['kamplimant] composite ['kampa-zit] compress [karn'pres] compromise ['komprarnaiz] com puter [kaWpjuita"] comrade ['komrid], ['kAmrid] concentrate ['kansentreit] c on fed era tion [ka^feda^reijn], [ka^feda^'reijVn] confiscate [ ’kanfiskeit] con flict [ ’konflikt] congress ['kaqgra-s]

conspirator [ka-n1s p ir a l] constitution ^kansti'tjuija-n], [,kansti'tju:Jn] consultation [kansa’fteijan] contact [,k3"n'tækt] context ['kantekst] continent ['kantinant] contract f'kantrækt] contrast ['kontræst], ['kontraist] control [kan'traml] convoy ['kanvai] cooperate [kani'apa-reit], cooperation [ka^apa^reiJVn] copeck ['kaoipek] coordinate [kam'a:dineit] coquette [kWket], [ko'ket], [ka^'ket] coral ['kara^l] copy ['kapi] corporation [1ko:pa"'reij'avn] correspon d [jkaris'pond], l^kara-s'pand] corridor ['kanda:], ['karida^] corruption [ka^'rApjan] cosmetic [kaz'metik] costume ['kastjuim], [kas'tjurm] cottage ['katid3] cream [kri:m] credit [’kredit] cretin ['kretin], ['kri:tin] critic ['kritik] crocodile ['kraka-dail] crossing ['krasiq], ['kraisiq]

1

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

crystal ['kristl] cube [kju:b] culinary ['клИпэл] cultural ['kAl^ara-l] cutlet ['kAtlit] cycle t'saikl] — ц икл cyclone ['saikla-un] cynic ['simk] D dandy ['dasndi] debate [di'beit] debauch [di'boitj] debit ['debit] decade ['dekeid], [di'keid], d^'keid] d ecad en t [di'keida^nt], [ deka-da-nt] decim etre ['desi mi:t^] declamation ^dekl^'meijan] declaration ^dekl^'reijVn] decoration ^dek^'reija-n] decree [di'kri:] defau lt [di'fo:lt], [di'fblt] defect [di'fekt] d efic it ['defisit], [ ’diifisit] deform ation [ ldi:fo:'meiJ‘avn] degradation ^degr^'deijVn] delicate ['delikit] d em a go gic [^em a^gogik],

|,demygDd3ik] demarcation ^dkmai'keiJVn] demarche ['deima:J]

219

dem obilization [ ldi:lm3,ubilai'zeija-n] dem ocratic ^dem^'kraetik], [^emau'kreetik] democracy [di'mokra^si] demon [ di:m;rn] dem onstrate ['dema-nstreit] d e m o ra liza tio n [di,mor3"lai'zeija-n], [d^morlai'zeijVn] dentist ['dentist] departm ent [di'paitma-nt] deportation [ ldi:po:'teiJ'3vn] deposit [di'pozit] depression [di'prejVn] deputy ['depjuti] despot ['despot], ['despot] dessert [di'za^it] detail ['dnteil], [di'teil] detective [di'tektiv] determ inate [di'tominit] detonate ['detouneit], ['dutauneit], ['diita^neit] devaluation [di:vaelju'ei(Vn] d evil ['devl] diagnosis ^daia^gWusis] diagonal [dai'sega^nl] diagram ['daia^gram] dialect ['daia'-la'kt] dialogue [ ’daia-log] diam eter [dai'aemita1] diamond ['daia^ma-nd] dictation [dik'teija] dictator [dik'teita^]

220

C jioeapb OMOCponoe u uH m epH a u,u oH cuiu 3M oe

diction ['dik jV n]

d o ctrin e ['doktrin]

diet ['daia-t]

d o lla r ['dola1]

d iffe re n tia te [ ldifaJrenJieit],

do m in a n t ['dominant] d o s e [d o u s ]

[^ fa -'re n jjeit] d iffu s io n [d i'fju g a n ]

dozen ['dAzn]

d ip lo m a [dip'tau m ^]

d ra in a g e ['dremid 3]

d ip lo m a t ['diplamaet]

d ra m a ['draima*]

d ip lo m a tic [,dipla"'mætik],

d u et [dju:'et] d u p lic a te ['dju:plikeit]

Ldipbu'm ætik] directive [di'rektiv], [dai'rektiv]

d u t y -fr e e ['dju:ti'fri:]

d ire c to r [di'rekta^]

d y n a m ic [dai'naemik],

d isciplin e ['disiplin] d isc o m fo rt [dis'kAm f^t]

[di'naemik] d y n a sty [ dma-sti]

d isc red it ['dis'kredit] d iscu ssion [dis'kAja-n]

E

d isin fe c t [^isin'fekt]

eccentric [ik'sentrik]

d isk [disk]

echelon ['e jV b n ]

d islocation [ ldisl3"'keij’n], [ ldislou'keiJa'«]

echo ['ekam] econom ic [ li:kaJn3mik],

d is o r g a n iz e [dis'oiga-naiz], [di'zo:g^naiz], ['dis'oiga-naiz]

[,eka" nomik] ecstasy ['eksta-si]

d iso rien ta te [dis'oirienteit]

e ffe c t [I'fekt]

disp ersio n [d i s 'p a ^ n ]

egoism ['e g ^ u iz^ m ], egoist

disproportion [^ispr^'poijari] disqu alification [dis(kwolifi'keifam], [ ldiskwohfi'keij-3vn]

['egannst] elastic [I'laestik], [i'la:stik] electorate [I'lektarit]

d isse rta tio n ^disa-i'teija-n]

electric [I'lektrik]

d issid en t t'disidsrnt]

electrod e [I'lektraud]

d iv a n

electron [I'lektron]

[di'væ n],

[dai'væn],

[ daivæn] d iv id e n d ['d ividen d] d o c k [d o k ] d o ctor ['doktsr ]

e le g y ['elid 3i] elem en t ['elima'nt] e m a n c ip a te [I'maensipeit], [e'maensipeit],

I

221

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

■•mancipation [i,maensi'pei|vn], [e^aen si'p eijan] em b argo [em 'ba:gaii], |iin'ba:g3"u] em blem ['em blarn] embryon ['embriDn], ['embrian]

e q u iv a le n t

[I'kwivo^loTit],

[i'k w ivl^n t] era ['із т а ] e r a d ia tio n

[^reidi'eijo’-n],

[i^reidi'eijari] e r o tic [l'rotik]

em otion [I'm^uJVn]

e ru d itio n ^eru'dijVn], ^erju'dijVn]

(‘tnperor ['empara"]

esca la tor ['eska^leitsr]

em p ire ['empaia-]

escort ['esko:t]

em u lsion [I'mAlJVn]

es tra d e [es'traid]

e m ig ra n t ['em igrant]

e n e rg y ['ena-dji], e n e rg e tic

|cn^'dsetik], [lena'Vd3etik] enthusiasm [in'Ojuiziaezatn], |cn'0ju:ziaez3"m], [en'0u:zjae-

/.rm] ephem eral [r'fem ar^l],

|c'fcmOT3"l], [e'fiimaT^l] epic ['epik] ep idem ic [ tepi'demik] ep ig ra m ['ep igram ] epigraph ['epigraif], ['epigraef]

eth ics ['e0iks] eth n o g ra p h y [e0'nogr^fi] e th n o lo g y [е0'по1зчізі] e tiq u e tte [,eti'ket], ['etiket] e ty m o lo g y [ ^ ti'm o la ^ i] eva cu a tion [^vaekju'eijVn] e v o lu t io n [^ iv ^ 'l u i j V n ] ,

^evWluija-n], ^ev^ljuijVn] e x a m , - in a tio n [ig'zaem ], [ig ^ m i'n e ij’o-n] ex em p la r [ig'zem plo1] e x o tic [eg'zotik], [ek'sotik],

ep ilo g u e ['epilog]

[ig zotik]

episode ['episa'ud]

e x p a n s io n [eks'pasnjVn]

ep ith et ['epi03"t], ['epiGit]

[iks'paenjan],

epoch ['i:pok]

e x p e d itio n [ ^kspi'dija’-n]

epopee ['epampi]

e x p e rim e n t [iks'perim ent],

epos ['epos] e q u a to r [i'kweitO "], equ a11 »rial [^ kw ^'toiri^l] e q u l i b r is t [ i'k w ilib r is t ], |,i:kwi'librist]

[eks'perimo-nt] e x p e r t ['ekspa^t] ex p lo ita tio n ^ekspbi'teija-n] e x p o rt [eks'po:t]

—f

гла гол;

e x p o r t — су щ . ['ekspo:t]

222

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

exposition [^ekspo'ziJVn], [,ekspa"U zij>n]

express [iks'pres] expropriate [eks'prauprieit] exterritorial [ 'eks,teri 'to:ri^l] extra ['ekstrsr] extradition [^kstra^'dij^n] extraordinary [iks'tradnri], [eks'tradinari], [eks'traidanari] extravagant [iks'trævigsm't], [eks'træv^ga'nt] extreme [iks'triim], [eks'tri:m] exu ltation ^egzAl'teiJVn], [^ks^l teijVn] F

*

fabricate ['fæbrikeit] fact [fækt] factor ['faekto] facultative ['fæk^ltativ] fak ir ['faikia-], [fa^'ki^] fam iliarity [f^mili'æriti] fanatic [f^'nætik] fan tastic [fæn'tæstik] fan tasy ['fænta^si] fascism ['fæjizam], ['fæjizm] fatal ['feitl] fauna ['fo:n3\) federal ['fedaral] feminine ['feminin] ferment ['fument] festival ['festival], ['festival]

fetish ['fi:tij], [ fetij] — фе тиш, кумир fiasco [fi æskaai] figurative ['figjura'tiv], ['figaraliv] figure ['figa1] filial ffilj^l], ['filial] filter ['filtar-J filtrate ['filtreit], ['filtrit] final ['fainl] fin an cial [fai'nænjVl], [fi'nænj>l] finish ['finij] firm [’fæm] fixation [fik'seijVn] flag [flæg] flagm an ['flægmæn] flannel ['flænl] flirt [fla^t] flora ['floiraj focus ['faukas] folklore ['faukb:] form ai ['formel] form ation [foi'meijVn] form ula ['ftimjuta] form ulate ['foimjuleit] fort [fo:t] fortune ['foitjsm] forum ['foiram] fountain ['fauntin] foyer ['fbiei], [fwaje] fraction [lfrækjavn] — доля, дробь, частица

Cjioeapb 0 M 0 (p 0 H 0 e u u H m e p H a it ,u o H a jiu 3 M o e

fresco ['freskati] fr ig id ity [fri'd3iditi] fun ction ['fAgkjari] fund [fAnd] fundam ental [^And^'mcntl] G g alla n t ['gaela-nt] g a lle ry ['gaslari] gallop ['gaela'p] galoch [g^bj] g alvan ic [gasl'vaenik] gangster ['gaeqsta1], ['gaeijksta1] g a ra g e ['gasra:3], ['gaerid3], | 'gaera:d3] gas [gaes] g azette (ofpuu,.), [ga-'zet] gelatin e [d33 "la" ti:n] genealogy J^ iim 'asla^i] general [^enara-l] generator [^ e n a re ita ] genetics [d3e'netiks], [d33 "'netiks] genius [ld3i:njacs] gentlem an ['d3entlmen] geographer [dsi'agra-fa-] gestu re ['d3estja"] geyser ['gaiza1] gia n t [^aia-nt] g ig a n tic [d3ai'gasntik] g ir a ffe [d3i'ra:f|, [d3i'raef] globe [gtaub]

223

glycerin e ^glisa-'riin], ['glisarin], ['glisariin] gnom e [na-um] g o lf [golf] gon g [gag] gradation [gra^'deijn] gram m ar ['græma\] gram ophone ['graema'famn] g ran ite fgrænit] gran u la r ['grænjula"] grap h ic ['græfik] grap h ite ['græfait],f'greifait] g ra v ita tio n ^graevi'teijVn] g rill [gril] grim ace [gri'meis] g ro g [grog] grotesque [gra-u'tesk] g u a ran ty ['gæra-nti] g u ita r [gi'ta:] gym nastic [d3im'næstik] H

h allu cin atio n [ha^luisi'neijan ], [ha^ljuisi'neijn] harem ['hearem], [ha-'riim], [ heararo] harpoon [ha:'pu:n] H-bomb ['eitjbom] hectare ['hekta:], ['hektea”], [hek'ta:], ['hekta:r] h egem ony [hi^gemaTii], ['hed3ima"m], ['hegimani]

224

Cjioeapb oMotponoe u uHmepHau,uoHajiu3Moe

helicopter ['helikopte] heraldic [he'raeldik], [hi'raeldik], [he'raeldik] herbarium [ha-i'beana-m] hero [lnaram], ['hja^ra-u] heroic [hiWuik], [hetauik], [he'rauik] heroism ['hereuiza-m] hierarchy ['haiaraiki] h ieroglyp h ['h a iereglifj, ['haia-ra-ughf) hippodrome ['hipa-dramm] historic [his'torik] history ['histari] hobby ['hobi] hockey ['hoki] hooligan ['huiligen] horizontal [^on'zontl] hospital ['hospitl] hotel [hW tel], [he'tel] human ['hju:men] humanitarian [hju^maemlt£3'TI3vn] humorist ['hjuimerist] hydrant ['haidrent] hydroplane ['haidra-uplein], ['haidra-plein] hydrostation ['haidreusteijVn] hygiene ['haid3 i:n] hyperbole [hai'pa^ba-b] hypnosis [hipWusis]

hypothesis [hai'poBisis], [hai'poGa-sis] hysterical [his'terika-l] I icon ['aikan], [ aiken] idea [ai'die] identification [ai,dentifi'keijVn] ideological [ laidi3'lbd3ik3tl], [^die'bdgikel] ideology [ laidi'ola^l3 i], [ lidi,ola^d3i] idiom ['idia-m], ['idja-m] idiot [’idia-t], ['idja-t] idol ['aidl] idyll [ ’idil], ['aidil] ignore [ig'no:],[ig'n3e] illegal [i'li:ga-l], [Vlngel] illogical [I'bd^ika'-ll, [Vbd3ikel] illumination [i^jumi'neijan], [^luimmeifan] illusion fi'lu:33Ti], [I'lju^en] illustrate ['ila^streit] imagination [ilmaed3 i'nerj'a^n] im itate ['imiteit] immigrant ['migrant] immobile [i Wubail], [1Wubi:l] immunity [i'mju:mti] impeachment [im'pi:tjma-nt] imperial [im'pianel], [im'piriel]

I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов im perialism [im 'piari^li/зчп], [im'pjeirielizem] im plant [im'plaint]; im p o rt — с у щ . ['im po:t], глаг. [im'po:t] im portant [im'poitent] im pressive [im'presiv] im provise [‘impra-vaiz], ['impruvaiz] impulse ['impAls] im pulsive [im'pAlsiv] in a d e q u a te [in'aedikw it], ['in'aedikwit] in a u g u ra tio n [^noigju'reijVn], [^noigja-'reijan] incarnation [^nkai'neijati], [^gkai'neijen] incident ['insidant] in crim in ate [in'krimineit], [iq'krimineit] incubator ['inkjubeite], ['igkjubeite] incrustation [lmkrAs'teij’a n], [^gkrAs'teiJari] index ['indeks] indicator ['indikeite], [^ndi'keite] in d iv id u a l [ lindilvicljuavl], [jindi'vidjw^l] industrial [in'dAstriel] in d u stry ['inda'stri] inert [I ne:t] infan tile ['infjmtail]

8 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

225

infection [in'fekjen] in filtra te ['infiltreit] — фильтровать inform ation [^nf^'meijyri] in g re d ie n t [in 'griid jen t], [ig'griidient] inhalation [^nhe'leiJVn] initiate [i'nijieit], [I'nijjeit] injection [in'dgekjVn] innovation [^nW veijV n] in q u isitio n [^nkw i'zijaii], [^gkwi'zija^n] insinuation [in ^mju'eijan] inspector fin'spckta1] in s t a b ilit y [^ n ste 'b iliti], ['inste'bihti] instinct ['instigkt] institu te ['institjuit] instruction [in'strAkJan] in stru cto r [in'stTAkt^] in stru m en t ['instrument], ['instrument] in tegrate ['intigreit] intellect ['intilekt] intelligence [in'telidgens] intensive [in'tensiv] interaction [^nter'ækjen] interchange [^nte'tjeindg] intercom m unication [lintekelmju:ni'keiJ‘en] interest ['intrist], ['intrest], ['interact] in tern atio n al [^nee'næJVnel], [.m te 'n æ J W l]

226

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

interpretation [inlt3'îpnlteijan] interval [W a 'w l] intervention [^nt^'verijVn], [lint3J venj3in] interview ['inta^vju:] intim ate ['intimit] intonation [^ntam'neija-n], ^inta-'neijan] intoxicate [in'toksikeit] intrigue [in'trirg] introvert ['mtrauva-it], ['intra-va-it] intuition [lintju'ij-3"n] invalid ['inva'liid], ['invalid] inversion [in'v3v:j'3'n] invest [in'vest] ironic [ai'romk] irony ['aiaram] irration al [I'raeja-na^l] irrigatio n [jin'geijan] isolation [ais3"'leij'atn], Laisaai'leijVn] J

jackal ['d3æko:l] jacket ['d3aekit] jag u ar ['dgaegju^], ['d3ægja:J, ['d3ægw^] jam [d3æm] jazz fd3æz] jeep [d3i:p] je lly ['d3eli]

je rsy ['d3&:z\] jewellery [^ma-ln], [Мзиэ4п], ['d3u:ln}, ['d3uilri] jockey ['d3oki] journal ['d3aral] journalism [^зэчпеЬгэта] jubilee ['d3u:bili:] jungle ['d3Angl] ju risd ic tio n [^ua-Tis'dikJVn], [^oaTis'dikJari] jurisprudence ['dsuanspru:da^ns] ju rist ['d3 U3Tist], ['d30OTist] ju ry ['d3 U3 Ti], ['d3oan] jute [’d3u:t] justice ['d3AStis] juvenile ['d3u:vinail] — под­ росток, юношеский К

keeper t'kiipa^] kerosene ['kera-siin] ketchup ['ketjVp] khaki ['ka:ki], ['ka:ki:] kilogram (me) [‘kila-græm], [‘kila-ugræm] kilometre ['kila^miita-], ['kilam^irta^], [ki'lomit»] kilowatt [lalawot], ['kilouwot] kinem atics ^kaim'maetiks], [,knli'mætiks] kinetic [kai'netik], [ki'netik] kurd [ksr:d]

■

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

L laboratory fla^'bora^ta^ri] labyrinth ['læbarinG], ['læbirinB] lackey ['læki] laconic [ly'konik] lactation [læk'teijyn] lady ['leidi] lancet ['la:nsit] laureate ['b:rat], ['briyt] leader ['li:da-] league [li:g] lecture ['lektjy] legal ['liigsrl] legend ['led33-nd] leggings ['legiqz] legion ['li:d32rn] lemon ['lemyn] lens [lenz] lethal ['li:0yl] lexicon ['leksikyn] liberal ['libyra-l] licence ['laissons] lieutenant [leftenant], [Ic'tenynt] lift [lift] lily flili] lim it ['limit] linguist ['liqgwist] linguistics [liq'gwistiks] lion ['laiyn] liquidation [^ikwi'deijyn] literary ['lityryri]

x*

227

literatu re [ lityrytjy], ['litantjy] litre [’liitar-] livery ['livyri] — ливрея local ['lyukyl] location [bou'keijyn] locomotive ^buky'm yutiv] logic ['bd3ik] logical ['bd3ikyl] lord [b:d] lottery ['btari] loyal ['b iyl] lumbago [Um'beigyu] luminous ['luiminys], ['lju:minys] lunatic ['lu:nytik], ['lu:ntik] — сумасшедший lynch [lintj] lyric ['link] M

macaroni ^mæky ryum] machine [m y Ji:n] m achinist [my Ji:nist] magnate [ mægneit] magnet [ mægnit] m ajority [m^ d3oriti], [m y d3Dryti]

management [ mænid3mynt] manager [ mænid3y] manifest [ mænifyst] manipulate [mynipjuleit]

228________ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов | m anual — м а н у а л ьн ы й [ masnjujrl], [ maenjwaHty,

[ maenjul] manufactory ^masnju faektan] manufacture LmasnjufaektjV] manuscript [ masnjuskript] marauder [marada'j margarine ['іпакіззтіт], ^maigariin] marmalade [ maima-teid],

m elo d y [ mela^h] m em orandu m [,т е т э ^ ra n ­ d o m ], [,memu rasndam] m em o ria l

[mi m oiri^l],

[m e т э :п э 4 ], [т э - moiria'l] m en ta l [ mend] m ercy [ ma^si] m erid ia n [m eridian ], [m i ridjaii] m eta l, m eta lic [ m etl],

m aster [ ma:sta\|

[mi taelik], [т з 1taslik] m e ta llu rg y [m etaela^ i], [mi tada^i] metaphor [ met^fjr] meteor [ miitja^] m eteorite [ miitjarait] meteorology п1эч1з1],

m a teria l [ma^ ЦапаЧ]

^miitia^ ro la ^ i]

m aterialistic [ma^tiana^ listik]

meter, metre [ mi:ta] method [ тебач!] m ethodical [mi 0 adika4 ], [ma^ Godika^l] metric [ metrik] metropolitan ^metnr politan]

[ maimleid] m arshal [m a :jV l] m ask [ma:sk] mass [maes] m assage [ maesa:3] m assive [ massiv]

m athem atics [,тае0і msetiks] m a ttress [ maetris] — м ат­ рац, тю ф як m au soleu m ^maisa^ lia m ], [,mD:s^ ІііЗ'т] m axim u m [ masksima^m]

—

СТО ЛИ ЧН Ы Й

m echan ic [mikaenik]

m icrob e [ maikra4ib]

m edal [ m edl]

m icrop h on e [ maikra'fsrun]

m ed ical [ m edik^l]

m icroscop e [ maikra'ska'up]

m ed icin e [ medsin],

m ien [mi:n] — вы раж ен ие

[ medisin] megaphone [ mega'faun] melancholy [ теІачікзЧі], [ mela-ijka'h]

л и ц а , м ина m ig ra te [mai greit] m ile [m ail] m ilita r is t [ militarist]

229

I Cjioeapb oMo<poHQ6 u uHmepHau,uoHcuiu3Moe

m illennium [mi lema-m], [milenjam] milliard [ milja:d], [ milia:d] milligramme [ miligræm] millimeter [ mill mi:ta"] million [ milja-n] millionaire [jmiljar near] mimic [ mimik] mineral [ mina-ra^l] miniature [ minja'tJV],

[ mmia'tja'-], [ minitja-] minimal [ minimi], m ini­ mum [ minimum] minister [ rnmista1] m inistry [ ministn] minus [ maints] minute [ minit] mirage [ mirag], [mi rag] mission [ mijan] mister, mr [ mista^] mix, mixer, mixture [miks], [ miksa\|, [ mikstja"] mobile [moa-ubail], [rrmibi:l], [ ma-ubil] mobilization Lma'ubilai zeijVn], ^ma'ublai "zeijVn] model [ modi] modern [ mada-n] modification ^modifi keija^n] modulate [ madjuleit] molecule [ malikju:l], [ m^ulikjuil] moment [ ma-umarit] monarch [ mana'k]

m onastery [ mana'Stari] m onetary [ mAnitari] monologue [ monolog] m onopolist [m3" napa-bst], [ma1naplist] monotonous [ma" notants],

[ma1notais] monument [ manjuma'nt], [manj aroin t] moral [ mara^l] m orgue [ma:g] m orphology [ma: fa la ^ i] mosquito [ m « ki.'t^u], [mas kiita^u] m otel [mau tel] m otive [ ma^utiv]

N narcotic [na: katik] nation [ neijn] nation/alism [ næjna-hza'm] natural/ist [ nætjra^list] nature [ neitfa-] navigate [ nævigeit], navigator [,nævi geita^] navigation [,nævi geija-n] negative [ negativ] negro [ niigram] nervous [ na^va^s] network [ netwa^k] neutral [ njuitra'l] nocturne [,nak ta^in] i

230________ Словарь

омофонов и интернационализмов

nomenclature [пач1 menklatfar], [nanjinenkleitja^] nomination ^nomi neijVn] non-stop [ nonstop] nonsense [ nonsans] norm, normal [nom], [ normal] nostalgia [nos task^ra*], [nos tældjja^] notary [ nanitari] novel, novelist [ nova^l], [ novelist], [ novlist] nuance [nju a:ns], [nju o:ns] numeration [, njumareijVn] numerator [ njuimareita1] nymph [nimf] О

oasis [ou eisis] obligation [,abli geija^n] observatory [a-b W :valri], [ab "zawa'-tan] obstruction [a^b strAkjan] — препятствие, обструкция [o'b "ztrAkjVn] occupation [,okju peijan] occupy [okjupai] ocean [ auj>n] ocular [ akjula] — глазной, optic [ optik] office [ ofis] officer [ ofisa\|, [ ofsa] official [a^fija-l], [o fijal]

|

olive [ oliv] opal [ Vupa^l] opera [ opara°] operation ^opa^ reijVn], operate [ apareit] operative [ opa-rativ] operetta [,opa" reta1] opponent [a^ pamnant] opportunist [ opa'tjumist], [,opa" tjuinist] opposition [,apa" zijVn], [,opau zija'n] optimism [ aptimiza-m], optim ist [ optimist] oracle [ ara'kl], [ orikl] orator [ arata], [ arita^] orbit [ o:bit] orchestra [ oikistra^], [ oika^tra^] organ [ o:gan] organic [o: gaenik] organism [ oiga-nizam], [ oigmza'tn] o rg an izatio n ^oiga^nai zeiJa-n], [,o:gnai zeijan], [,o:gm zeija^n] o rien tatio n ^airien teijan] original [a- ridjanl], [a nd3nl], [a" ridga-na^l]

ornam ent [ ainarnant] o rth o g rap h y [a:0agrafi] oval [ aw a-l] ozone [ aoizaun], [a^u zamn]

| Cjioeapb 0M 0(p 0H0e u uHmepHau,uoHanu3MQ6

P pacifist [pa- sifist] packet [ paekit] pact [paekt] palace [ paelis], [ pastas] pampas [ paempa's] pamphlet [ paemflit] panel [ paenl] panic [ p^nik] panorama [ pxn& raima^] panther [ paenBa'] pantomime [ paenta-maim] parabola [pa^raeba’-la-] parachute [ pasra-Juit] parade [pa^ reid] paradox [ paera'daks] paraffin [ paera^fiin] paragraph [ paera'graif] parallel [ paera-tal] paralyse [ paeralaiz] parapet [ paera'pit] paraphrase [ paera'freiz] parasitic ^paera- sitik] parasol [(paera" sal] park [pa:k] parliament [ pailimant], [ pa:lamant] parody [ paera'di] parole [pa1rami] parquet [ pa:kei], [ pa:ki], [ pa:kit] partisan [,pa:ti zaen] partner [ pa:tna"]

231

party ['pa:ti] pass [pa:s] passport [ pa:spo:t] paste [peist] pastor [ pa:sta] patent [ peita'nt] patient [ peijant] patriarch [ peitria:k] patriot [ peitna-t], [ paetria-t] patrol [pastrami] patron [ peitran], patronage [ p£etra-nid3], [ pEetmid3] pavilion [pa-Vilja-n], [pa1vilian] pedagogical [ lpedagod3ika-l], [^eda^ gavud3ika"l] pedagogue [ pedagog] pedal [ pedl] pedant [ pedant] penalty [ penlti] pension [ penja-n] perfume [ p3":fju:m] period [ pianatl], [ pja^iria-d] periphery [pa- rifari] perpendicular [p&vpvn dikjula*], [,pa":pn dikjuta] personnel [,pa":s3" nel], [,pa-:s nel] perspective [pa^ spektiv], [pa^: spektiv] pessimistic [ jpesi mistik] petition [pitija-n], [pa-tijan]

232________ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов | petrol [ petrel], [ petrol] phantasy [ fsentaesi] phantom [faentain] pharm acy [ fa:ma"Si] phenomenon [fi nominal] philanthropy [fi lasnBra'pi] philologist [fi bla'dgist] philology [fi lola^d3i] philosopher, -y [fi bsa-fa’-], [fi bsa-fi] phlegm atic [fleg mastik] phone [foun] phonetic [fa-u netik], [fa^ netik] photograph [ fzrutogra:f],

- er [f^togra-fa^] phrase [freiz] phraseology [,freizi ola^d3i] physics [ fiziks] physiognom y [,fizi anarni] physiology [,fizi a la ^ i], - ist [lfizralavd3ist] pianist [ pjasnist], [pia-nist], [piaenist] picket [ pikit] picnic [ piknik] pilgrim [ pilgrim] pilot [ pailart] pistol [ pistl] placard [ plaskaid] plan [plaen] plantation [plaen teija^n], [plain teijam]

plaster [ plaista^] plastic [ plaestik] platform [ plaetfoim] planet [ plasnit] plenary [ рНіпаті] — весь, целый, пленарный plus [pLvs] pneumatic [nju mastik] pneumonia [nju ma^unja^], [nju тачіша^] poem [ рачшп], [ рачіачп] poet [ pa-out], [ раиаЧ] polar [ рачіЬ] polemic [pa lemik] police [pa^ li:s] policy [ palisi], [ pabsi] politic [ palitik], [ раїзЧік] political [pa1litika^l], [рачі litika^l], [pu litika^l] politics [ palitiks] polytechnic [pa-li teknik] pomp [pomp] pontoon [pan tu:n] pony [рачіпі] popular [ papjub] popularize [ papjubraiz] port [pa:t] portion [ pa:jVn] portrait [ paitrit] pose [рачіг], position [pa^zija^n], [puzijari] positive [ paza4iv], [pazitiv] post [p341St]

|Cjioeapb QM Q(poH oe u u H m ep H a u ,u oH a jiu 3 M oe postman [ pa-ustmaen] poster [ pa-usta-] potency [ pa-uta-nsi] potential [pa- tenja-1], [pa-u tenja-1], [pu tenja-l] potentiality [pa^en^i aeliti], [pa-u,tenjraeliti] practical [ praektika-l] practice [ praektis] preamble [pri: aembl], [pri aembl] prefix [ pri:fiks] prelude [ prelju :d] premier [ premia-], [ premja-] premium [ pri:mja-m], [ pri:mia-m] preparatory [pri paera-ta-ri], [pra- paera-ta-ri] prerogative [pri raga-tiv], [pra-raga-tiv] present [pri zent] presentation [,prezen teija-n], [,preza-n teija-n]

preservative [pri za-:va-tiv] president [ prezida-nt] press [pres] prestige [pres ti:3 ] presumption [pn zAmpJa-n], [pra- ZAmpja-n] preventive [pn ventiv], [pra- ventiv] price-list [ prais list] prim itive [ primitiv]

233

prince [prins] princess [prin ses] principle [ prinsipl] print, printer [print], [ printa-] priority [prai ariti] private [ praivit] privilege [ pnvilid3 ] prize [praiz] probation [pra-beijan], [pra-ubeija-n], [pru beija-n] problem [ prabla-m], [ prablim] procedure [pra- si:d33-], [prou si:d3 a-], [pru si:d33-] process [ pra- uses] proclamation [ prakla- meija'n] product [ prada-kt], [ pradvkt] profession, — al [pra- feja-n], [pru feja-n], [pra- feja-nl] professor [pra- fesa-], [pm fesa-] profile [ pra-ufi:l], [ pra-ufail] prognosis [prag na-usis] program (me) [ pra-ugraem] progress, -ive [pra- gres], [prou gres]; [pra- gresiv] project [ prad33-kt], [ prad3 ikt] prologue [ pra-ulag] prolongation ^pra-ulai] geiJa-n], [,pralai] geija-n] propaganda, -ist [,prapa-gaenda-], [,prapa- gaendist] i

234

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |

propeller [pra^u pela1], [pra^pela\] prophilactic [,prafi laektik] proportion [pra-paiJaTi], [pru po:Ja-n] prosaic [pra-u zenk], [pra1 zenk] prose [prouz] prospect [praVpekt], [pros pekt] p ro test [ pra-utest] protocol [ pra-uta-kal] protuberant [pra- tju:barant] provider [pra- vaida-] province [ pravins] provision [pra^ vi33"n], [pru v ^ n ] provocation [jjrova-'keiJaii], [,provani keijan] pseudonym [ sjuidaium], [ suida^mm] psychiatrist [sai kaia-trist], [sa" kaia'trist] psychologist, -gy

[sai k a la^ ist], [sai kaladgi] public, -ation [ pAblik], [,pAbli keiJVn] pull-over [ pul,auva-] pulsation [pAl seijan] pulse tpAls] pulverizer [ pAlvaraiza^] punctual [ pAqktjua^l], [ pAqktjwa-1]

pyjam as [pa^ d3a:maiz], [pi d3a:mavz] pyram id [ IjpirOm Id]

Q qualification ^kwalifi keifari] q u a rte r [ kwa:ta] q u artz [kwaits] quota [ kwanita] R

race [reis], racial [Veija-l] racket [ raekit] racketeer [,ræki W ] — вы­ могатель radar [ reida^], [ reida:] rad iatio n [,reidi eija^n], radiate [ reidieit], [ reidjeit] radio [ reidiaoi], [ reidjani] radio-location [ reidianla'-ukeijan] radical [ rædika1!] raid [reid] rajah [ га^зэ^] rally [ ræli] ranch [ra:ntj], [ræntf] ratification [ ,rætifi keijan] rating [ reitiq] ration [ ræjVn] rational [ ræja^nl] rationalization ^raefna'-laizeijan]

I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ________ 235 rea ction [ri агк$зчі] r e a c tiv e [ri asktiv] re a lis tic [ria^ listik], [,ri:^ listik] r e a lity [ri aeliti] re a liz a tio n [ (п^1аі zeija n ], [^ia^li zeija^n] reclam a tion [,гек1^ m eijVn] recom m end [,rek^ mend] recom m en dation ^rekarnen deijVn], [.гектзті deijVn] recon stru ct [ riikans trAkt], [ rikons trAkt] recon sru ction [ riik^ns trAkj> n ] record (г л а г о л ) — [ri ko:d], [r^ ko:d] rec re a tio n [,rekri eijVn] re c ru it [ri kru:t], [t& kru:t] re c to r [ rekt3\| re fe r e e [,гейг ri:] r e fle c t iv e [ri flektiv] r e fo r m [ri fo:m], -a tion

[^efa-meija^n] r e fr a in [ri frein], [ra1 frein] r e frig e ra to r [ri frid33vreita'], [гз^й^зз* reita*] r e g e n t [ ri:d3 ^nt] re g im e [rei з і: т ], [re з і : т ] re g io n [ ri:d334i] r e g is tra tio n [,red3 is treijVn] reg res s [n gres] re g u la r [ regjula"]

regulation [,regju leijaii] rehabilitation [ riia^bili teiM reincarnation — перевоп­ лощение [ rinnka: neij>n], [,п:1пка: neijVn] relaxation [,ri:laek seijVn] release — отпускать, ос­ вобождать, выпускать [ri li:z], [гз^ h:z] relic [ relik] religion [rilid33n], [r2rlid3?n] remake [ ri: meik] remark [ri ma:k] renegade [ renigeid] rent [rent] reorganize [ ri: "o:g34iaiz] reparation [.repa1reijVn] repatriation [ ri:paetri eija^n] repellent — отталкиваю­ щий [гэ^ pelaTit], [ri pela-nt] repetition [,repi tijan] report [ri po:t] repressive [ri presiv], [r& presiv], -ion [ri prejVn], [ra prejVn] reproduction LriipradAkJaTi], [,ri:pru dAkJa^n] reptile [ reptail] republic [ri pAblik] reputation [,repju teijVn] requisition [,rekwi zijan] reservation [,Л г^ veijVn], [ trez&: veijVn]

236

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |

reserve [ri 'zsr :v], [t& za-ïv] reservoir [ reza'vwa:], [ reza'vwa:] re sid e n t [ re zid a n t], -al [,rezi denja^l] reso lu tion [ trez& liuja-n], [,rezl uijan] resonant [ rezna'nt] resource [n so:s], [ras sois], [ri za:s] respectable [ris pekta'bl], [raspektabl] respirator [ respireita1],

[ respareita'] restaurant [ restaraig],

rice [rais] risk [risk] robot [raubot], [ robot], [ гоЬаЧ] rocket [ rakit] role [гачії] roller — ролик [ гачіїа^] roman [ гачітачі], -tic [гэчпэепПк], [гачі maentik] rose [raniz]; rosary [ ra-uzan] rosy frauzi] rotation [rani teijan] route [ru:t] — маршрут ruby [ ru:bi] ruin [ ruin]

[ restarant], [ resteront] restoration ^resta- reijan], presto: reijVn] result [ri ZAlt] retrospective [,retr3"U spektiv], ^riitrati spektiv] review [n Vju:], [ra^vju:]

3

revision [n v ^ n ] , [ra^ vi an] revolution

[,reva- lu:jVn],

-ary ^reva- lu:Jnari], [,revu lu:Ja-nOTi] revolver [ri : vo:lva\| revue [ri vju:], [ra^ vju:] rhapsody [ ræpsa'di] rhom bus [ ramba^s] rhyme [raim] rhythm [ rutom], [ riGam]; rhythmic [ nômik], [ riGmik]

S

sabotage [ saeba^ta^] saddle — седло [ saedl] safe [seif] saga [ saiga1] salad [ sffila^d] saloon [sa^ lu:n], [si u:n] salute [sa^ lu:t], [si u:t], [sa^ljuit] sanatorium [^зепа- to:riam] sanction [ saeqkjan] sandal [ saendl] sanitary [ s^nitari] sapphire [ saefaia1] sarcasm [ saikaszarn] sarcastic [sa: kaestik]

I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

sardine [sa: dim] sateen [sae ti:n] satire [ saetaia] satirical [sa^ ’tinka-l] sauce [sa:s] — coyc scalp [skaelp] scalpel [ skaelp^l] scan [skaen] — вниматель­ но рассматривать, изучать scandal [ skasndl] scenario [si na:rmi] scene [si:n] — сцена sceptic [ skeptik] scheme [skiim] scholastic [k^ laestik], [skolaestik]

schooner [ skuina1] scrupulosity [,skru:pju lositi] — щепетильность sculptor [ sL\.lpta\] sculpture [ skAlptJV] sherry [ Jen] shift [Jift] shilling [Jiliq] shock ЦЪк] show [jVu] signal [ signal], [ signl] silk, silky [silk], [ silki] single [ siqgl] siphon [ saifa^n] skeleton [skelitn] sketch [sketj^ — набросок, эскиз

237

slang [slæq] smack [smæk] smoker [ smanika^]; nonsmoker [ non smaoik^] sniper [ snaipa\| snob [snob] social [ sanija^l] soda [ samda1] sofa [ savufav] solar [ soula^ solidarity [,soli dæriti] solo [ S34ll34l] soprano [sa^ pra:nsru] sort [sa:t] souvenir [ suivant] sovereign [ sovrin] spasm [ spæzarn] special [ speja^l] specific [spi sifik] spectacle [ spekta-kl], [ spektikl] spectral [ spektra^l] — про­ зрачный spectrum [ spektrarn] speculation ^spekju leijVn] sphere [sfia^], spherical [ sferika^] spirit [ spirit] sponsor [ spansa^] spore [spa:], [spoa^] sport [spo:t] sportsman [ spaitÿna^n] sprint [sprint], sprinter [ sprinta^]

238

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

stabilization ^steibilai zeiJ>n] stability [sto biliti] stadium [ steidjara] stagnation [stseg neijan] — застой standard [ staenda'd] standardize [ staenda^daiz] start [sta:t] statist [ steitist], -ics [stjr- tistiks] statue [ staetju:] status [ steitsrs] statute [ stastju:t] stenography [sta1 nogr^fi), -er [ste nografa] stimulate [ stimjuleit], -tion [,stimju leijari] stipend [ "staipa-nd] stool [stu:l] stop [stop] storm [sto:m] strategy [ straetid3i] stratosphere [ straetaaisfia-*] stress [stres] structure [ stiwktjV], -al

[ strAktjar^l] student [ stju:dant] studio [ stjuidia-u] style [stall] stylistic [stai listik] submarine [ sAbmarim],

[ SAbmriin],

subordination [sar-,br*:di nei JVn] subsidize [ sAbsi daiz] subsidy [ sAbsidi] su ffix [ SAfiks] sultan [ sAltsra] sum, summary [sAmari] summit [ SAmit] super [ sju:pa\| superman [ sjuipa'maen], [ suipamasn] supervisor [ sju:p3"vaiz3"], [ suipa'vaiza-] surrogate [ SAragit], [ SArugit], [sAra-geit] symbol [ simb^l] sym m etry [ simitri], -rical [si metrik^l] sym pathy [ simpa^i] symphony [ simfaTii] symptom [ simptsrm],

[ simptim] syndicate [ sindikeit] synonym [ sina-mm] syntax [ sintseks] syntactic [sin taektik] syrup [ sira-p] system [ sistim], [sista-rn] T

tablet [ taeblit] tabular ["taebjula"]

239

I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

tact [taekt] tactics [ taektiks] tandem [ taenda-m], [ taendem] tank [taegk] tanker [ taegk3\| ta riff [ tserif] tattoo [ta'-'tu:], [tae tu:] taxi [ taeksi] technical [ tekmka^l] technique [tek ni:k] teenager [ ti:n,eid33"], teens [ti:nz] telegram [ teligraem] telegraph [ teligra:f] telephone [ telifsrun] telescope [ tehskaup] television [ teli,vi33"n] temperament [ tempararoant] temperature [ tempritfa], [ tempra'tja*], [ temparitja"] tendency [ tendonsi] tender [ tenda"] tennis [ tenis] tenor [ tena^] terminal [ ta-iminl] terminology [ lter:minol3'd3i] terrace [ tera-s] territorial [,teri to:ria^l] territory [ tentari] terror [ tera] test [test] text [tekst] textile [ tekstail]

theatre [ 01зЧэ^] theme [ 0i:m] theorem [Огатачп], [Biarim] theoretical [0ia^ retika4] theory [ 0iari] thermal [ 0ачтгг1] thermometer [ОачттйЭ'-], ['©mamita1] thermos [ Oa^mos] thesis [ 0i:sis], [ 0esis] tiger [ taiga\| tip top — первоклассный ['tip b p ], [ tiptop] toast — 1) гренок; 2) тост [ t^ust] tobacco [ta^ bækau] to ilet [ toilit] tolerant [ tolerant] tom ato [ta^ ma:tau] tome [toum]

ton [Un], tonnage [ Unid3] tone — гармонировать; тон — [taun] tonsillitis [(tansi laitis] topic [ tnpik] topography [ta^ pografi] tornado [ta:neidou] torpedo [to: piidaoi] total [ toutl] tour [toa-j, [toa], [to:] toxic [ taksik] track [træk] tract [trækt] — 1) полоска земли, воды; 2) брошюра >

240

Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

tractor [ trækta*] tradition [tra^difan] tragedy [ træd3 idi] trajectory [træd3 iktOTi] tramway [ træmwei] trance [trains] — экстаз tranquil [ træijkwil] — спо­ койный, мирный transcontinental [ trænz,konti nentl] transcription [træns kripJVn], [trains kripjVn] transform [træns foim], [trainsfoim] transit ["transit], [ trainsit], [ trainzit], [ trænzit] transmission [tranz mijaii], [trains miJam] — передача transplant [træns plaint], [trains plaint] transport [ transport], [ trainspoit] transportation [,transportaJ>n], ^trainspo: teiJVn] tribune [ trib)ju:n] tribunal [trai bjuinl], [tri bjuinl] triumph [ traiaraf] tr iv ia l — н езн ачи тель­ ный, заурядный [ trivial], [ tri vjsrl] trolleybus [ trolibAs]

trophy [ troufi] tropic [ tropik] tsar [tsai], [zai] tube [tjuib] tulip [ tjuilip] tune [tjuin] tunic [ tjuinik] tu n n el [ tAnl]

turbine [ ta^ibin], [ ta^ibain] turbulent [ ta^ibjul^nt] twist [twist] type [taip], typical [tipika^l] typhus [ taifa's] tyrant [ taiars'nt], tyranny [tiraiu] U u lt im a t u m [ ,Alti m eit^m ] u lt r a - v i o le t [ Altra^ vaia'ht] u n if o r m [ juinifoim ] u n iq u e [ jui niik], [ju niik] u n is o n [ ju in izn ], [ juinisn] u n iv e r s a l [ juini V3"isa"l] u n iv e r s it y [ juini V3"ISltl] u n lim it e d [An lim itid] u n n a t u r a l [An naetjral] u n p o p u la r [ An popjula1] u n p ro d u c tiv e [ Anpra" dvktiv] u n r e a l [ An ri3"l] u rb a n [V ib ^ n ] u t i li t a r i a n [ juitili tea-ri^n] u t ilis e [ juitilaiz]

I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ________ 241 У

vacancy [ veik^nsi] vaccinate [ vaeksineit], -tion [,va2ksi neijVn] vacuum [ vaekjuarn], [Vaekjum] valency [ veil^nsi] valet [ vaelit], [ vaeli], [ vaelei] — слуга vam pire [ vaempaia\) varian t [ Veanaiit] variation [,уєзт eijVn] vase [va:z] vegetarian [,ved3i tea-ria-n] venereal [уГпізпуі], [va^ marn^l], [vi: maria^l] ventilate [ ventileit], -tion [,venti leijan] verdict [ va^dikt] version [ V2r:fa4i] vertical [ va^tik^l] veteran [ veteran] veterinary [ vetarinari],

[ vetnri] veto [ vi:tou] vibration [vai breijVn] vice [ vais] — вицеvirtual [ va-rtjua-l], [va^wa4], [ va^tjw^l] — фактический visa [ vi:za] — виза

viscose [ viskanis] visit [ vizit] vitamine [ vitamin], [ vaitarnin] volcanic [vai kaenik] v o lt [voult] volleyb all [ valiba:l] vocal [ vanik^l] volu n tary [ valaTitaTi] vouch [vautj] — ручаться vulcanize [ VAlkariaiz] vu lga r [ VAlga-], -ity [vaI

gaeriti]

W waggon [ waega-n] waltz [wo:ls], [wols], [wo:lts], [waits] watt [wot] web [web] — сеть, паутина western [ westari] wrestling [ reslirj] X, Y, Z zephyr [ zefo] zero [ ZI3T341] zipper [ zip&] zone [zaun]

>

W O R D B U IL D IN G С ЛО В О О Б РА ЗО В АН И Е

Приводится список существительных (они выделены жирным шрифтом), которые при помощи различных приставок и окончаний образуют другие части речи: при­ лагательные, глаголы и наречия.

Nouns

ability, disability, inability acceptance

accident accuracy, inaccuracy accusation, the accused, accuser achievement, achiever act, action, inac­ tion, interaction, reaction, trans­ action activity, inactivity addition admiration, admirer

Adjectives

Verbs

able, unable, disabled acceptable, unacceptable, accepted accidental accurate, inaccurate accusing

enable, disable accept

achievable

achieve

acting

act

accuse

active, inac­ activate tive, interac­ tive, proactive additional add admirable admire

Adverbs

ably acceptably, unacceptably accidentally accurately, inaccurately accusingly

actively

additionally admirably

243

I W ord building

Продолжение Nouns

advantage, dis­ advantage advertisement, advertiser, advertising advice, adviser

agreement, disagreement aim amazement anger announcement, announcer appearance, disappearance, reappearance applicant, application appreciation approval, disapproval approximation argument

Adjectives

Adverbs

advantageo­ usly

advantageous, disadvantaged advertise advisable, inadvisable, advisory agreeable aimless amazed, amazing angry unannounced announced

applicable, applied appreciable, appreciative approving, disapproving approximate arguable, ar­ gumentative

advise

agree, disagree aim amaze to be angry announce

agreeably aimlessly amazingly angrily

appear, disappear, reappear apply appreciate

appreciati­ vely approvingly

approve, disapprove approximate approxima­ tely argue arguably arrange rearrange

arrangement art, artist, artistry

Verbs

artistic

artistically

244

W ord building I Продолжение Nouns

shame

attachment

attack, counter­ attack, attacker attention attraction, attractiveness authority, authorization availability avoidance awareness base, the basics, basis bearer beat, beating beautician, beauty beginner, beginning

Adjectives

ashamed, unashamed, shameful, shameless attached, unattached, detachable, detached

Verbs

shame

Adverbs

shamefully, shamelessly

attach, detach

attack, coun­ ter-attack attentive, inattentive attractive, unattractive authoritarian, authoritative unauthorized available, unavailable avoidable, unavoidable aware baseless, basic bearable, unbearable unbeatable beautiful begin

attentively attract

attractively

authorize

avoid

base

unawares basically

bear unbeaten beautify

beat beautifully

245

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Продолжение Nouns

behaviour / US behavior, misbehaviour / US misbehavior belief, disbelief block, blockage blood, bleeding the boil, boiler bore, boredom break, outbreak, breakage breath, breather, breathing brother, brother­ hood build, builder, building burn, burner burial calculation, calculator calm, calmness capability care, carer

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

behavioural / behave, US behavioral misbehave

believable, unbelievable blocked, unblocked bloodless, bloody boiling bored, boring unbreakable, broken, unbroken breathless

believe disbelieve block unblock bleed

unbelievably

boil bore break

boringly

breathe

breathlessly

brotherly build, rebuild burning, burnt burn bury buried incalculable, calculate calculated calculating calm calm capable, incapable careful, care­ care less, caring, uncaring

brotherly

. calmly capably carefully, carelessly

246

W ord building I Продолжение Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

celebrated, celebratory

celebrate

centre / US center, central, cen­ centralization, tralized decentralization

centre, cen­ tralize/US center, de­ centralize

celebration, celebrity

certainty, uncertainty challenge, challenger change

character, characteristic characterization chemical, che­ mist, chemistry circle, semicircle, circulation cleaner, clean­ ing, cleanliness clarity, clearan­ ce, clearing close, closure closeness collection, collector colour/ US color, colouring / US coloring

certain, uncertain challenging

Adverbs

centraly

certainly, uncertainly challenge

changeable, change interchange­ able, unchan­ ged, changing characteristic, characterize characteris­ uncharacte­ tically ristic chemical chemically circular

circle, circulate clean

clean, unclean clear, unclear clear

clean, cleanly clear, clearly

closed, clos­ ing, close collected, collective coloured / US colored discoloured /

close

closely

collect

collectively

colour/ US color

colourfully /US color­ fully

247

I W ord building

Продолжение Nouns

combination comfort, discomfort commitment communication, communicator comparison

competition, competitor completion, incompleteness complication computer, computing, computerization concentration, concern conclusion

Adjectives

US discolored, colourful /US colorful, colourless / US colorless combined comfortable, uncomfortable, comforting noncommittal, committed communica­ tive, uncom­ municative comparable, incomparable, comparative competitive, uncompetitive complete, incomplete complicated, uncomplicated

Verbs

combine comfort

Adverbs

comfortably

commit communicate

compare

compara­ tively

compete

competiti­ vely completely, incompletely

complete complicate computerize

concerned, concentrate, concentrated, concern unconcerned concluding, conclusively conclude conclusive, inconclusive

248

W ord building I Продолжение Nouns

Adjectives

condition, precon­ conditional, dition, conditioner, unconditional conditioning confidence confident, confidential confirmation confirmed, unconfirmed confusion confused, confusing connection connected, disconnected, unconnected subconscious, conscious unconscious, subconscious, consciousness, unconscious unconsciousness consequence consequent, inconsequen­ tial consideration considerable considerate, inconsiderate, considered continent continental, interconti­ nental continuation, continual, continuity continued, continuous contribution, contributory contributor

Verbs

condition

confide

Adverbs

conditionally unconditio­ nally confidently, confidentially

confirm confuse

confusingly

connect, disconnect Consciously, nconsciously

consequently

consider, reconsider

considerably, considerately

continue, discontinue

continually, continuously

contribute

I W ord building

249 Продолжение

Nouns

controlling, uncontrollable convenient, inconvenient convinced, convincing unconvincing cook, cooker, cooked, cookery, cooking uncooked cool, coolness cool correction, correct, correctness incorrect, corrective countable, count, recount uncountable, countless undercover, cover, coverage, cover, covering uncovered creation, creativity, creative, creator uncreative crime, criminal, criminal, incriminating criminologist critic, criticism critical, uncritical crowd, crowded, overcrowding overcrowded cruel cruelty cry, outcry crying culture, cultural, subculture cultured

control, controller convenience, inconvenience conviction

Verbs

Adjectives

control inconve­ nience convince

Adverbs

uncontroll­ ably conveniently convincingly

cook cool correct

coolly correctly, incorrectly

count, recount uncover discover

undercover

create, creatively recreate incriminate criminally criticize

critically

crowd cruelly cry culturally *

250

W ord building I Продолжение Nouns

cure

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

cured, incurable customary

accustom

cut, cutting

cutting

cut, undercut

damage, damages

damaging

damage

danger

endangered, dangerous

endanger

dare, daring

daring

dare

daringly

dark, darkness

dark, darkened, darkening

darken

darkly

date

dated, outdated

date, predate

day, midday

daily

dead, death

dead, deadly, deathly

custom, customer,

cure customarily

customs

deal, dealer, dealings deceit, deceiver, deception

dangerously

daily deaden

deadly, deathly

deal deceitful, deceptive

deceive

deceptively

decision, indecision

decided, undecided, decisive, indecisive

decide

decidedly, decisively, indecisively

decoration, decorator

decorative

decorate

decoratively

deep, depth

deep, deepening

deepen

deeply

defeat, defea­ tism, defeatist

undefeated, defeatist

defeat

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Продолжение Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

defence / US de­ fense, defendant, defender

defenceless / defend U S defense­ less, indefen­ sible, defensive

defensively

definition

definite, indefinite

define

definitely, indefinitely

demand, demands

demanding, undemanding

demand

democracy, democrat demonstration, demonstrator denial, dependant, dependence, independence, dependency description

democratic, undemocratic

desire, desirable

undesirable desired, undesired

destroyer, destruction determination, determiner

indestructible, destroy destructive

destructively

determine determined, predetermined, indeterminate

determinedly

developer, development, redevelopment

developed, undeveloped, developing

democrati­ cally

demonstrable, demonstrate demonstrably demonstrative undeniable, dependable, dependent, independent

deny depend

undeniably, dependably, indepen­ dently

describable, describe indescribable, nondescript, descriptive

descriptively

desire

develop, redevelop

i

252

W ord building I Продолжение

Nouns difference, indifference, differentiation directness, direction, direc­ tions, director

Adjectives

Verbs

different, indifferent

differ, differently differentiate

direct, indirect

direct, redirect

disagreement disappointment

disagreeable disagree disappointed, disappoint disappointing

disaster disciplinarian, discipline

disastrous disciplinary, discipline disciplined, undisciplined

discoverer, discovery distance disturbance

divide, division, subdivision divorce, divorcee do, doing

doubt, doubter

dream, dreamer

Adverbs

directly, indirectly disagreeably disappoint­ ingly disastrously

discover distant disturbed, undisturbed, disturbing divided, undi­ vided, divisi­ ble, divisive divorced done, over­ done, undone

distance disturb

distantly disturbingly

divide, subdivide divorce do,outdo, overdo,redo, undo doubt undoubtedly, doubtfully

undoubted, doubtful, . doubtless dream, dream­ dream less, dreamy

dreamily

253

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Продолжение

Nouns dress, dresser, dressing drink, drinker, drinking, drunk, drunkenness drive, driver, driving due, dues earner, earnings earth ease, unease, easiness east, easterner economics, economist, economy education

effect, effectiveness, ineffectiveness effort election, re-elec­ tion, elector, electorate electrician, electricity

Adjectives

Verbs

dressed, undressed, dressy drunk, drunken

dress, redress, undress drink

driving

drive

earn earthy, earth­ unearth ly, unearthly easy, uneasy ease

electric, electrical

drunkenly

due, duly, unduly

due, undue

east, easterly, eastern economic, eco­ nomical, un­ economical) educated, uneducated, educational effective, in­ effective, ineffectual effortless unelected, electoral

Adverbs

economize

easily, uneasily, easy east, eastward(s) economically

educate

educationally

effect, effectively ineffectively effortlessly elect, re-elect

electrify

Electrically

254

W ord building I Продолжение Nouns

electronics embarrassment emotion emphasis employee, employer, employment, unemployed encouragement, discouragement end, ending energy enjoyment enormity entrance, entrant, entry entertainer, entertainment enthusiasm, enthusiast environment, environmentalist equality, inequality escape, escapism

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

electronic embarrassed, embarrass embarrassing emotional, emotive emphatic emphasize unemploy­ employ ment

electronically embarrass­ ingly emotionally

encouraged, encouraging, discouraging unending, endless energetic enjoyable enormous

encourage, discourage

encourag­ ingly

end

endlessly

energize enjoy

energetically enjoyably enormously

emphatically

enter entertaining

entertain

enthusiastic, enthuse unenthusiastic environmen­ tal qual, unequeal escaped, inescapable

equalize escape

entertain­ ingly enthusiastic­ ally, unenthu­ siastically environment­ ally equally, unequally inescapably

255

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Продолжение Nouns

Adjectives

essence, essentials estimate, estimation

essential

event, non-event

eventful, uneventful, eventual

estimated

exam, examinati­ on, cross exami­ nation, examiner excellence excellent excitement excitable, ex­ cited, exciting, unexciting excuse excusable, inexcusable existence non-existent, existing, pre-existing expectant, expectancy, expectation unexpected expenditure, ex­ expensive, pense, expenses inexpensive experience, experienced, inexperience inexperienced experimental experiment expert, expertise explosion, explosive

expert, inexpert exploding, explosive

Adverbs

Verbs

essentially estimate, overestimate, underestimate eventfully, eventually examine, cross-examine excel excite

excellently excitedly, excitingly

excuse

inexcusably

exist, coexist

expect

expectantly, unexpectedly expensively, inexpensively

expend experience experiment

experiment­ ally expertly

explode

explosively T

W o rd building I

256

Продолжение Nouns

Adjectives

explaining, explanation

unexplained, explanatory, explicable, inexplicable exploratory

exploration, explorer expression extreme, extre­ mism, extremist, extremity fact fail, failure fairness faith, faithfulness familiarity, family fame fashion fat fastener fault fear

expressive extreme, extremist factual unfailing fair, unfair faithful, unfaithful familiar, unfamiliar famed, famo­ us, infamous fashionable, unfashionable fat, fattening, fatty

Verbs

explain

explore express

fail

familiarize

fashion

expressively extremely

factually unfailingly fairly, unfairly faithfully familiarly famously, infamously fashionably, unfashionably

fatten

fasten, unfasten faultless, faulty fault fearful, fear­ fear less, fearsome unfeeling feel

feel, feeling, feelings fiction, nonfiction fictional fill, refill, filling filling

Adverbs

inexplicably

fill, refill

faultlessly fearfully, fearlessly

257

I W ord building

Продолжение Nouns

final, semifinal, finalist finish

A djectives

final

finished, unfinished firmness, infirmity firm, infirm fish, fishing fishy fit, fittings fitted, fitting fix, fixation, fixed, transfi­ xed, unfixed fixture flat flat flower flowered / flowery, flowering fold, folder folded, folding following follower, following force forceful, forcible forest, deforesta­ forested tion, forestry forgetfulness forgetful, unforgettable forgiving, forgiveness unforgiving form, formation, reformed transformation, re­ former, transformer formality formal, informal fortune fortunate, unfortunatel

9 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

Verbs

finalize

Adverbs

finally

finish

fish fit fix flatten flower

firmly fishily fittingly

flat, flatly

fold, unfold follow force

forcefully, forcibly

forget

forgetfully

forgive form, reform, transform formalize

formally, informally fortunately, yunfcMunate

258

W ord buildine Д Продолжение Nouns

freebie, freedom freeze, freezer, freezing frequency, infrequency freshness, refreshments friend, friendliness fright

fruit, fruition fund, refund, funding furnishings, furniture garden, gardener, gardening generalization generosity gentleness gladness glass, glasses good, goodies, goodness, goods government, governor gratitude, ingratitude

Adjectives

free freezing, frozen frequent, infrequent fresh, refreshing friendly, unfriendly frightened, frightening frightful fruitful, fruit­ less, fruity funded furnished, unfurnished

Verbs

Adverbs

free freeze

free,freely

frequent

frequently, infrequently freshly, refreshingly

freshen, refresh befriend frighten

righteningly, frightfully fruitfully, fruitlessly

fund, refund furnish garden

general generous gentle glad glassy good

generalize

gladden glass

governmental, govern governing grateful, ungrateful

generally generously gently glad

gratefully

J | W ord building

259 Продолжение

Nouns

greatness green, greenery, greens ground, under­ ground, ground­ ing, grounds grower, growth, undergrowth guilt, guiltiness habit hair, hairiness hand, handful handle, handler, handling hanger happiness, unhappiness hardship harm

head, heading health hearing heat, heater, heating

Adjectives

Verbs

great green

greatly

groundless, underground

ground

growing, grown, overgrown guilty habitual hairless, hairy underhand, handy handle

grow, outgrow

hanging

hang, overhang

happy, unhappy hard unharmed, harmful, harmless overhead, heady healthy, unhealthy unheard, unheard of heated, unheated

Adverbs

underground

guiltily habitually hand

harden harm

happily, unhappily hard, hardly harmlessly

head,behead overhead healthily, unhealthily hear, overhear heat, overheat j

heatedly

W ord building I

260

Продолжение Nouns

heart

height, heights help, helper, help­ fulness, helping highness historian, history

hold, holder, holding home honesty, dishonesty hope, hopefulness, hopelessness human, huma­ nism, humanity, inhumanity hunger hurry hurt ice, icicle, icing identification, identity

Adjectives

heartened, heartening, heartless, hearty heightened helpful, unhelpful, helpless high historic, prehistoric, historical

Verbs

Adverbs

heartily, heartlessly

heighten help

helpfully, helplessly high, highly historically

hold homeless, homely honest, dishonest hopeful, hopeless human, inhu­ man, superhu­ man, humane hungry hurried, unhurried unhurt, hurtful icy identifiable, unidentified

home

hope

home honestly, dishonestly hopefully, hopelessly humanly, humanely

hurry

hungrily hurriedly

hurt

hurtfully

ice identify

icily

I W ord building

261 Продолжение

Nouns

imagination

importance impression

improvement increase incredibility, incredulity independence, independent industrialist, industrialization, industry infection, disinfectant inflation

informant, information, informer injury innocence

Adjectives

imaginable, unimaginable, imaginary, imaginative important, unimportant impression­ able, impres­ sive improved increased incredible credible, incredulous independent

Verbs

imagine

Adverbs

unimaginably imaginatively

importantly impress

improve increase

industrial, industrialized industrious, infectious infect disinfect inflatable, inflate, inflated, deflate inflationary informative, inform, uninformative, misinform informed, uninformed injured, injure uninjured innocent

impressively

increasingly incredibly incredulously indepen­ dently industrially, industriously infectiously

innocently

W ord building I

262

Продолжение Nouns

insistence instance, instant instruction, instructor intelligence

intent, intention

interest

interruption interview, interviewee introduction invention, inventiveness, inventor invitation, invite involvement item joke, joker journal, journal­ ism, journalist

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

insist insistent instant, instantaneous instructive instruct

insistently instantly, in­ stantaneously instructively

intelligent, unintelligent, intelligible, unintelligible intended, unintended, intentional, unintentional interested, disinterested, uninterested, interesting uninterrupted interviewed

intelligently

intend

intentionally, unintention­ ally

interest

interestingly

interrupt interview

introductory inventive

introduce invent, reinvent

inventively

uninvited, inviting involved, uninvolved itemized joke journalistic

invite

invitingly

involve itemize jokingly

263

I W ord building

Продолжение Nouns

judge, ju d g e ­ ment juice, juices keenness keep, keeper, keeping kill, overkill, killer killing kindness, unkindness knowledge

enlargement laugh,laughter law, lawyer, outlaw laziness lead, leader, leadership learner, learning legality, illegal­ ity, legalization length liar, lie life light, lighter, lighting, lightness

Adjectives

Verbs

judgmental

judge

juicy keen kept

keep

Adverbs

keenly

kill kind, unkind knowing, knowledge­ able, known, unknown large laughable lawful, unlawful lazy lead, leading learned, unlearned legal, illegal lengthening, lengthy lying lifeless, life­ like, lifelong light

know

enlarge laugh outlaw to be lazy lead

kindly, unkindly knowingly, knowledge­ ably, unknow­ ingly largely laughably lawfully, unlawfully lazily

learn legalize lengthen

legally, illegally lengthily

lie lifelessly light, lighten lightly

»

264

W ord building

I

Продолжение Nouns

dislike, liking likelihood limit, limitation, limitations literature, literacy liveliness, living loser, loss local, location, relocation love, lover

low luck machine, machi­ nery, mechanic, mechanics, mechanism magic, magician make, remake, maker, making man, manhood, mankind management, manager

Adjectives

likeable likely, unlikely limited, unlimited literary, lite­ rate, illiterate live, lively, living lost local

Verbs

Adverbs

like, dislike likely limit

live, outlive, live relive lose dislocate, locally relocate lovingly lovable, unlo­ love vable, love­ less, lovely, loving lower low low, lower, lowly lucky, unlucky luckily, unluckily mechanically mechanical, mechanized

magic, magical unmade make, remake manly, man­ man ned, unmanned manageable, manage unmanageab­ le, managerial

magically

265

I W ord building

Продолжение Nouns

mark, marker, markings market, marketing marriage match material, mate­ rialism, materia­ list, materials

Adjectives

Verbs

marked, unmarked marketable

mark

married, unmarried matching, unmatched material, immaterial, materialistic

marry, remarry match

market

materialize

Adverbs

markedly

П ри лож ен и е

СПИСОК ВАЖНЕЙШИХ СЛОВ, ИЗМЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ НЕ ПО ОБЩИМ ПРАВИЛАМ I. СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ*

leaf [li:f] — leaves [li:vz] лист bath [ba:0] — baths [ba:dz] life [laif] — lives [laivz] жизнь ванна loaf [buf] — loaves [lauvz] calf [ka:f] — calves [ka:vz] буханка хлеба теленок louse [laus] — lice [lais] child [tjaild] — children вошь ['tjildran] дитя man [maen] — men [men] corps [ko:] — corps [ko:z] мужчина, человек корпус mouse [maus] — mice [mais] deer [dia] — deer [dio] олень мышь elf [elf] — elves [' elves] эльф mouth [mau0] — mouths foot [fut] — feet [fi:t] нога; [mau6z] рот фут oath [эи0] — oaths [au5z] goose [gu:s] — geese [gi:s] клятва гусь ox [oks] — oxen [' okson] вол, half [ha:f] — halves [ha:vz] бык половина path [pa:0] — paths [pa:6z] тропа house [haus] — houses ['hauziz] дом scarf [ska:f] — scarves [ska:vz] шарф knife [naif] — knives [naivz] нож sheaf [fi:f] — sheaves [[i:vz] сноп lath [la:0] — laths [la:9z] sheath [[i:0] — sheaths [fi:6z] дранка футляр * Образование м нож ест венно­ sheep [Ji:p] — sheep [Ji:p] го числа (формы мн. числа приве­ овца дены после тире).

Ц

267

Приложение

shelf [[elf] — shelves [felvz] полка staff [sta:f] — staves [steivz] посох, жезл swine [swain] — swine [swam] свинья thief [0i:f] — thieves [0i:vz] вор tooth [tu:0] — teeth [ti:0] зуб wharf [wo:f] — wharves / wharfs [wo:vz];[wo:fs] причал wife [waif] — wives [waivz] жена wolf [wulf] — wolves [wulvz] волк woman ['wumon] — women ['wimin] женщина wreath [ri:0] — wreaths [ri:6z] венок youth [ju:0] — youths [ju:6z] юноша II. ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫ Е И Н АРЕЧИ Я*

far [fa:]; farther/further ffa:6o] / ['£э:бэ]; farthest/ furthest [fa:63st],[fa:dost] да­ лекий и далеко; farther и further упот ребляю т ся, ес­ л и речь идет о ра сст оя н и и ; упот ребляет ся т олько

ther

fur­

в зн а ч ен и и «д о п о л н и ­

т ельны й» , напр. I would like to make one further point. good [gud]; better ["beta]; best [best] хороший ill [il]; worse [wa:s]; worst [wo:st] дурной; больной и плохо little [litl] ; less [les]; the least [li:st] мало (уп от р еб ля ­ ет ся с неисчисляем ы м и с у ­ щ ест в и т ел ь н ы м и )

many ['meni]; p i more [mo:]; the most [moust] много much [mAtJ]; sgmore [mo:]; most [m oust] много small [srm:l]; smaller [' smo:lo] smallest [ srm:list] маленький (упот ребляет ся с исчисляе­ м ыми сущ ест ви т ельны м и)

bad [bsed]; worse [wa:s]; worst [wo:st] плохой old [ould]; elder ['elds]; the eldest ['eldist] старший

top [top]; su p erl the top­ most ['topmoust] верхний upper Глрэ] ; superl the up­ permost ["Apomoust] верхний utter [ato]; superl the utter­ * Образование сравнительной most [Atomoust] крайний и превосходной степеней (формы well [wel]; better [beto]; the этих степеней приведены в данном порядке после двоеточия). best [best] xopoi^o

268

П рилож ение I

Ш. ГЛАГОЛЫ : Infinitive Неопреде­ ленная фор­ ма глагола

1 abide

[э baid]

The Past Participle II Simple Tense Простое Причастие прошедшее прошедшего время времени

2

3

abode/ abided

abode/ abided

fa'baut]/

Participle I

Translation

Причастие настоящего времени

Перевод

4

5 пребывать; оставаться неизменным

abiding

[э baidiij]

[a'baid id ]

[a'bout]/ [э baidid]

abide

abode

abode

abiding

пребывать

[э baid]

[э baut]

[a b o u t]

[abaidig]

(ж и т ь)

arise

arose

arisen

arising

[э raiz]

[э rouz]

[э rizn]

[э rizig]

awake

awoke

awoken

awaking

[a 'w e ik ]

[э w au k]

[э waukan]

[э w eik ig]

be [bi:]

was [w o z ] were [w a :] bore [b o :]

been [bi:n]

being

возникать; поэт, восста­ вать будить; просыпаться быть

bear [Ьеэ]

[ bi:irj]

borne [bo:n] bearing и born [bsarir)]

носить; родить

[bo:n ]

П рим ечание, born употребляется в словосочетании be born «родиться» (was born «родился», were born «родились» и т. д.) и самостоятельно в значении «рожден(ный), родившийся», если с этим причастием не связывается сочетание by + существи­ тельное или местоимение: born 1957 «рожден(ный), родивший­ ся в 1957 г.» (но: borne by her «рожденный ею»).

beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t]

beaten

beating

[bi:tn]

[bi:tirj]

become

became

become

becomimg

[Ьі'клш]

[bi'keim]

[Ьі'клт]

[Ьі'клшід]

бить становиться, делаться

| П рилож ение

269 Продолж ение

1

2

befall

befell

befallen

[bi'fo:l]

[bi'fel]

[bi'fD:ln]

[bi'fo:lig]

beget

begot

begotten

begeting

[bi'get]

[bi'got]

[bi'gotn]

[bi'getirj]

begin

began

begun

beginning

[bi'gin]

[bi'gaen]

[bi'gAn]

[bi'gimrj]

begird (with)

begirt

begirt

begirding

уст.

[bi'ga:t]

[bi'ga:t]

[bi'ga:diq]

вать

behold

beheld

beheld

beholding

зреть ( видеть )

[bi'hauld]

[bi'held]

[bi'held]

[bi'hauldirj]

bend

bent

bent

bending

[bend]

[bent]

[bent]

[bendig]

bereave

bereaved

bereaved

bereaving

[bi'ri:v]

[bi'ri:vd]

[bi'ri:vd]

[bi'riivirj]

beseech

besought

besought

beseeching упрашивать

[bi'si:tj]

[bi'so:t]

[bTso:t]

[bi'si:tjir|]

beset

beset

beset

besetting

[bi'set]

[bi'set]

[bi'set]

[bi'setiq]

3

4

5 случаться

befalling

порождать начинать опоясы­

[bi'ga:d]

besmirch besmirched besmirch

[bi'smaitf]

[bi'sma:tjt]

[bi'sma:tjt]

сгибаться терять близких

осаждать пачкать, порочить

besmirch­ ing

[bi'smartjnj] bestride

bestrode

bestridden bestriding

[bi'straid]

[bi'straud]

[bi'stridn]

[bi'straidig]

betake

betook

betaken

betaking

(oneself) [bi'taik]

[bi'tuk]

[bi'taiken]

[bi'teikiq]

садиться или сидеть верхом; стоять,расста­ вив ноги приниматься; отправляться

>

П рилож ение Д

270

Продолж ение

3

2

1 bid

bade; bid

4

bidden; bid bidding

[bid]; [bid] [beid]; [bid] [bidn]; [bid] ['bidiq]

5 предлагать (це­ ну на аукцио­ не)

binding

bind

bound

bound

[baind] bite [bait]

[baund] bit [bit]

[baund]

['baindiq]

bitten ]

biting

[bitn

[baitiq]

bled [bled]

bleeding

bleed

bled [bled]

кровоточить

rbliidirj]

[bli:d] blow

blew

blown

blowing

[bbu]

[blu:]

[btaun]

['blauir)]

break

broke

broken

breaking

[breik]

[brauk]

[braukn]

fbreikirj]

breed

bred

bred

breeding

[brird]

[bred]

[bred]

['bri:diq]

bring

brought

brought

bringing

[bnij]

[bro:t]

[bro:t]

fbrinir)]

build

built

built

building

[bild]

[bill]

[bilt]

['bildiq]

burn

burnt

burnt

burning

[ba:n]

[bo:nt]

[bs:nt]

['bainii)]

burst

burst

burst

bursting

[ba:st] buy [bai]

[bo: st]

[ba:st]

['bsistir)]

bought

bought

buying

[bo:t]

[bo:t]

['bang]

can [kasn]

связывать кусать

could [kud] ( полная форма)

[ksd] (реду­ цирован­ ная форма)

дуть; цвести ломать выращивать приносить строить жечь; гореть разражаться, взрывать(ся) покупать выражает физическую способность

Д

271

Прилож ение

Продолж ение

2

1

3

cast [ka:st] cast fka:st] cast [ka:st]

4 casting

5 кидать; лить

[ka:stirj]

(м ет алл)

ловить

catch

caught

caught

catching

[kaetj]

[ko:t]

[ko:t]

[kaetjig]

chide

chid

chidden

chiding

['tjaidirj]

[tfid]

[tfidn]

chided

chided

['tjaidid]

[tjaidid]

choose

chose

chosen

choosing

[tju:z]

[tjauz]

[tjauzn]

t'tju:ziq]

cleave I

clove / cleft

cloven / cleft

cleaving

[kbuv]/ [kleft]

[kbuv]/ [kleft]

cleaved

cleaved

[tjaid]

[klirv]

бранить

выбирать рассекать(ся)

['kli: viq]

[klir)]

[klArj]

[кілг,]

[klirjii)]

оставаться верным (с)цепляться; льнуть

clothe

clothed

clothed

clothing

уст. книжн.

[kbud]

[kbufid]

[kbu6d]

['kbudiq]

come

came

come

coming

одевать приходить

[клт] cost [kost]

costing

cleave II

cleaving

[kli:v]

[kli:vd]

[kli:vd]

['kli:viq]

cling

clung

clung

clinging

[kAm] [keim] cost [kost] cost [kost]

['kAmirj]

стоить

['kostir)] creep

crept

crept

creeping

['kri:piq]

[kri:p]

[krept]

[krept]

crow

crowed

[krau]

[kraud]

crew [kru:]; crowing crowed ['krauiq]

cut [kAt]

cut [kAt]

cut [kAt]

ползти петь (о петухе)

[krsud] cutting

fkAtir)]

резать

272

Приложение I Продолжение 1

2

3

4

5

dared dared daring сметь; бросать ['dearirj] вызов [dead] [dead] (pr. 3. sg. dcires u dare; e<mpocum. u on ipuu,am <popjи ы dare I?, dare he?, dare n ot u m. d.) иметь дело, deal [d i:l] dealt [delt] dealt [delt] dealing [ 'di:lirj] обходиться dare [dea]

.

ит.п digging [digirj] doing ['du:iq] drawing [dro:iq] dreaming [dnmir)]

dig [dig]

dug [d A g ]

dug [d A g ]

do [du:]

did [did]

done [dAn]

draw

drink [drir)k] drive [draiv] dwell [dwel]

drew [dru:] dreamt [dremt] dreamed [dri:md] drank [drasqk] drove [drauv] dwelt [dwelt]

drawn [dro:n] dreamt [dri:mt] dreamed [dri:md] drunk

eat [i:t]

ate [et]

fall [fo:l]

fell [fel]

eaten [i:tn] eating ['Ktir)] fallen falling ffo:lan] ['fD llirj] feeding fed [fed]

[d ro :]

dream [dri:m]

feed [fi:d] fed [fed]

drinking

[drArjk]

[driqkir)]

driven [' dnvan] dwelt [dwelt]

driving ['draiviq] dwelling ['dwelirj]

копать делать (рг. 3. sg. does) тащить, тя­ нуть; рисовать грезить

пить гнать;ехать обитать; задержива­ ться (на чем-л.) есть падать кормить

r firdnj]

feel

[fi:l]

felt [felt]

felt [felt]

feeling [Tulir,]

чувствовать

273

I Приложение

Продолж ение

fight [fait] find [faind] flee [fli:]

3

2

1

fought [fo:t] found [faund] fled [fled]

fought [fort] found [faund] fled [fled]

4 fighting ['faitig] finding ['faindig] fleeing ['fling]

fling [fill)] flung [fUq] flung [Алд] flinging [' flirjir)] flying flew [flu:] flown fly [flai] [flaun] ['flaiirj] (p r. 3. sg. flies [-z]) forbearing forborne forbear forbore [fo:'bo:n] [fai'beanr)] [fa:'ba:] [fa:'bea] forbidding forbad(e) forbidden forbid [fa'bidn] [fa'bidiq] [fa'beid] [fa bid] forgotten forgetting forgot forget [fo:'gotn] [fa:'gatir)] [fa:'gat] [fo:'got] forgiven forgive forgive forgave [fa:'givir)] [fa:'geiv] [fafgivn] [fa:'giv] forsaking forsook forsaken forsake [fa'seiknj] [fa seikn] [fa'seik] [fa suk] frozen freezing freeze froze [fri:ziq] [frauzen] [frauz] [fri:z] get [get]

got [got]

got [gat] (gotten

getting ['getirj]

5 сражаться находить бежать (прочь),

избегать бросать летать

воздержи­ ваться запрещать забывать прощать покидать замерзать, заморажи­ вать получать, достигать

амер.)

gild [gild] gilded/gilt gilded /gilt gilding [gildid]/ [gildid]/ r ^ ld iq ] [gilt]

[gilt]

золотить

274

П рилож ение Д Продолж ение

1

2

3

4

gird [ga:d] girded/girt girded/girt girding [ga:did]/ [ga:did]/ fgardiri] [ga:t] [ga:t] give [giv] gave given giving [geiv] [givn] Tgiviq] go [gau] went [went] gone [gon] going Tgauir)] grind ground ground grinding [graind] [graund] [graund] ['graindnj] grow grew grown growing [grau] [greun] ['grauii]] [gni:] hang hanged hanged hanging

5 поэт, опоясы­

вать давать идти,уходить молоть; точить расти висеть; вешать

[haerj]

[haerjd]

[haerjd]

['haerjiq]

hang

hung

hanged

hanging

вешать

[haeqd] had [haed]

Thaeqirj]

( казнить )

having

иметь

[haerj]

[harj] have [hffiv] had [haed]

['haevirj]

(p r . 3. Sg. has) hear

heard

heard

[ha:d]

[ha:d]

hearing ['hisrir)]

слышать

[his] heave

heaved

heaved

heaving

подымать(ся)

[hi:vd]

['hi:virj]

hidden

hiding

[hidon]

['haidig]

[hi:v]

[hi:vd] hide [haid] hid [hid]

прятать

hit [hit]

hit [hit]

hit [hit]

hitting [hitiq]

ударять; попадать

hold [hsuld]

held [held]

held [held]

holding fhauldiq]

держать

hurt [ha:t] hurt [ha:t]

hurt [ha:t]

hurting ['ha:tii)]

причинять вред,боль

Д

275

П рилож ение

Продолж ение

2

1 inter­ weave

3

4

interwoven inter­ [ inta'wouv] [ inta wauvn] weaving

interwove

[.inta'wi:v] keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept]

5 соткать

[ inta wi:viq] keeping

хранить

['ki:pir)] kneel [ni:l] knelt [nelt] knelt [nelt] kneeling

['ni:lif)]

knitted

knitted

knitting

['nitid]

['nitid]

['nitiq]

know

knew

known

knowing

[nau]

[nju:]

[naun]

['knauiq]

lade [leid] laded

laden

lading

[leidn] laid [leid]

[lerdiq]

knit [nit]

[leidid] lay [lei]

laid [leid]

становиться на колени, стоять на ко­ ленях вязать знать грузить класть

laying

fleiiq] lead [li:d]

led [led]

led [led]

leading

вести

[li:diq] lean [li:n]

leap [li:p]

learn

[b:n]

['limit)]

опираться, прислоняться

[lent] / [li:nd] leapt /

leaping

прыгать

leaped

['li:pirj]

leant / leaned

leant / leaned

[lent] / [li:nd] leapt / leaped

[lept] / [li:pd]

[lept] / [li:pd]

learnt/ learned

learnt/ learned

[b:nt]/ [b:nd]

[b:nt]/ [b:nd]

leaning

learning

['b:niq] >

учить ( чт о-л .)

276

П рилож ение Д Продолж ение

1

2

3

4

leave

left

left

leaving

[li:v]

[left]

[left]

['li:viq]

lent [lent]

lending

lend [lend] lent [lent]

5 оставлять одалживать

['lendiq] let [let]

let [let]

let [let]

letting

пускать

fletirj] lie [lai]

lay [lei]

lain [lein]

lying

лежать

['laiirj] light [lait] lit [lit]

lit [lit]

lighting

освещать

['laitirj] lose [lu:z]

lost [lost]

lost [lost]

losing

терять

['lu:ziq] make

made

made

making

[meik]

[meid]

[meid]

['meikiq]

may [mei]

might

[mait] mean

meant

meant

meaning

[mi:n]

[ment]

[ment]

['mi:nig]

meet

met [met]

met [met]

meeting

[mi:t]

делать выражает воз­ можность, вероятность значить; подразуме­ вать встречать

[mi:tig] внушать опасения

misgive

misgave

misgiven

misgiving

[mis'giv]

[mis'geiv]

[mis'givn]

[mis'givir)]

mishear

misheard

misheard

mishearing ослышаться

[mis'hia]

[mis'ha:d]

[mis'ha:d]

[mis'hiarir]]

mislay

mislaid

mislaid

mislaying

[mis'lei]

[mis'leid]

[mis'leid]

[mis'lenq]

mislead

misled

misled

[mis'li:d]

[mis'led]

[mis'led]

класть не на место misleading вводить в за­ [mis'li:dir)] блуждение

277

I П рилож ение

П родолж ение 1

2

3

misspell

misspelt

misspelt

[mis" pel]

[misspelt]

[mis'pelt]

mistake

mistook

mistaken

[mis'teik]

[mis'tuk]

[mis'teikn]

mow

mowed

mown

[mau]

[maud]

[maun]

need

[ni:d]

5 misspelling писать с орфо­ [mis'peliij] графически­ м и о шибками mistaking неправильно [mis'teikir)] понимать косить (т раву mowing [mauii]] и т. п.) иметь надоб­ needing ность [ 'ni:diq] 4

П ри м еча н и е. М о ж е т употребляться как обычный непереход­ ный глагол или как вспомогательный глагол. Если need упот ­ ребляется как непереходный глагол, то после he/she/it он полу­ чает окончание -s; вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола, do, а перед следующим глаголом ставится to, напр.: If he needs to go, I’ll just have to let him. You don’t need to go. I didn’t need to see him at all. Didn’t you need to tell him something? Е сл и need употребляется как вспомогательный глагол, то после he/she/ it он не имеет окончания -s; вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются без do, и отсут ст вует to перед следующим глаголом, напр.: She needn’t go if she doesn’t want to. Need we tell her everything? Эт а структура со вспомогательным глаго­ лом возможна только в вопросительных и отрицательных пред­ ложениях в Present Simple Tense.

ought [o:t] partook partake

[pa:'teik] pay [реї]

[pa:'tuk] paid [peid]

partaken

partaking

[pafteikn]

[pafteikiij]

paid [peid]

должен (бы) принимать участие платить

paying

i'penr)] put [put]

put [put]

put [put]

класть, ставить

putting

['putirj] Т

П рилож ение Д

278

Продолж ение

1 2 read [ri:d] read [red]

3 read [red]

4 reading

5 читать

[ri:diq] rebuild

[,ri:'bild] так же, кой

rebuilt

rebuilt

[,ri:'bilt] [,ri:'bilt] как build [bild] «строить»

ге- изменяются

[,ri:'bildiq]

вать

и другие глаголы с прист ав­

так же, как соот вет ст вую щ ие глаголы

без приставки, напр.',

rend [rend] rent [rent] rid [rid]

rebuilding перестраи-

rid [rid]

rewrite. rent [rent] rid [rid]

rending

уст., поэт.

['rendiij]

раздирать избавлять

riding

[ ndir)] ride [raid] rode [raud] ridden ring [rig]

rang [rasq]

riding

ехать( верхом

[ridn]

['raidiq]

и т. п.)

rung [rAg]

ringing

звонить

fngirj] rise [raiz]

rose [rauz]

risen [rizn]

rising

подниматься

[' raizirj] rive [raiv]

run [глп]

rived

riven

riving

[raivd]/ [rivsd]

[raivn]/ [rivan] run [rAn]

[' raiviq]

ran [raen]

running

расщеплять

бегать

fr A n ir )]

saw [so:]

sawed [so:d]

say [sei] said [sed] (p r . 3. sg. says [sez]) see [si:]

saw [so:]

sawn/[so:n] sawing sawed/ [so: ig]

[so:d] said [sed]

seen [si:n]

пилить

saying [seiiq]

говорить, сказать

seeing Tsirirj]

видеть

279

| Прилож ение

Продолж ение

1

2

3

seek

sought

sought

[si:k] sell [sel]

[so:t]

[so:t]

[' si:kiq]

sold

sold

selling

[sauld]

[ssuld]

[selirj]

send

sent

sent

sending

[send] set [set]

[sent] set [set]

[sent] set [set]

['sendirj]

5 искать

4 seeking

продавать

устанавли­ вать и т. п. шить

setting

Tsetir)] sew [sau]

sewed

[saud]

sewn/ sewed

посылать

sewing

fssuio]

[saun/ saud] shake

shook

shaken

shaking

№ikir)] shaving

Lfeik]

[Juk]

[feikn]

shave

shaved

Lfeiv]

[feivd]

shaved/ shaven

трясти брить(ся)

['Jeivir)]

[feivd]/ [feivan] shear

sheared

№3]

Lfiad]

shed [fed] shed [Jed]

sheared/ shorn

shearing

rjiarii]]

[fi3d]/[fo:n] sheding shed [fed] ['Jediq] shining

shine

shone

shone

[fain]

[faun]

[faun]

№ 'm o ]

shoe [fu:]

shod [fad]

shod [fod]

shoeing

shoot

shot [fDt]

shot [fat]

shooting

№ = ir)] [ Ju:tiq]

lfu:t] show [fau]

showed

shown

showing

№ud]

[faun]

['Jsuiq] >

стричь, срезать проливать; сбрасывать светить(ся), сиять обувать; подковывать стрелять; давать побеги показывать

Приложение I

280

Продолж ение 1

2

3

4

5

shrink

shrank

shrunk

shrinking

с о к р а щ а ть

LM k]

[fraerjk]

LfrAqk]

ffn tjk n j]

(с я ); отступать

shrive

shrove/ shrived

shriven/ shrived

shriving

уст. и сп ов е­

[frsuv]/

Lfnvn]/

[fraiv]

shut [j*At]

Lfraivd]

Lfraivd]

shut (J*At]

shut U*At]

[J ra ivig ]

sh uttin g

довать

за к р ы в а ть

fjA tiq ]

sing [siq]

sang [saeq]

sung [sAq]

singing

п еть

t'siqiq]

sink [siqk] sank [saeqk] sunk [sArjk] sinking

опускаться

T sigkig]

sit [sit]

sat [sast]

sat [saet]

sittin g

си д еть

[ sitiq]

slay [slei]

slew [slu:]

slain [slein] slaying

уб и в а ть

['sleurj]

sleep [sli:p slept [slept] slept [slept] sleeping

сп ать

['s li:p iq ]

slide

slid [slid]

slid [slid]

[slaid]

sliding

ск ользи ть

['slaidiq]

sling [sliq] slung [sIaq] slung [sU q ] slinging

ш в ы р ять;

['sliq iq ]

под веш ивать

slink

slunk

slunk

slinking

ид ти

[sliqk]

[sU qk]

[sU qk]

['sliqkiq]

к р а д уч и сь

slit [slit]

slit [slit]

slit [slit]

slittin g

р азр езать

['slitiq ]

вдоль

smell

sm elt

smelt

sm elling

пахнуть,

[sm el]

[smelt]

[smelt]

['sm eliq]

н ю х а ть

smite

smote

sm itten

sm iting

у д а р я ть

[smait]

[smout]

[smitn]

['sm aitiq]

Щ Приложение

281 Продолж ение

2

1

sow [ssuj

3

5

4

sowed

sowed/

sowing

[soud]

sown

fsouirj]

сея т ь

[ssud/soun]

speaking

speak

spoke

spoken

[spi:k]

[spauk]

[spoukon]

['spi:kirj]

speed

sped

sped

speeding

[spi:d]

[sped]

[sped]

['spi:diq]

spell

spelt/

spelt/

spelling

[spel]

spelled

spelled

[spelt]/

[spelt]/

[speld]

[speld]

spend

spent

spent

spending

[spend]

[spent]

[spent]

[' spendirj]

spill [spil]

sp ilt/

sp ilt/

spilling

р азли вать(ся),

spilled

spilled

fsp ilir)]

рассы п ать(ся)

[spilt]/

[spilt]/

[spild]

[spild]

говор и ть

ускорять

со ста в ля ть (сл о в о ) из

fsp elir)]

бук в

тр ати ть

spin [spin] spun [spAn] spun [spAn] spinning

spit [spit]

spat [spaet]

spat [spjet]

к р у т и т ь (с я );

['spiniq]

п р ясть

sp ittin g

п лев а т ь

['spititj]

split [split] split [split]

split [split]

splittin g

расщ еплять

['splitir)]

(с я ) пор ти ть

spoil

spoilt/

spoilt/

spoiling

[spoil]

spoiled

spoiled

['spoiliij]

[spoilt]/

[spoilt]/

[spoild]

[spoild]

spread

spread

spread

spreading

р асп ростра­

[spred]

[spred]

[spred]

['sprediq]

н я ть ся

Т

Приложение Д

282

Продолж ение

1

2

3

4

spring

sprang

sprung

springing

[sprig]

[spraei]]

[sprAf)]

['spriqirj]

5

вскакивать; возникать и т. п.

stand

stood

stood

standing

[staend]

[stud]

[stud]

['stasndii]]

steal

stole

stolen

stealing

[sti:l]

[stsul]

[stsuln]

['sti:liij]

stick

stuck

stuck

sticking

[stik]

[stAk]

[stAk]

[' stikiq]

sting

stung

stung

stinging

[stir)]

[stAtj]

[stArj]

Tstiqiq]

stink

stank/ stunk

stunk

stinking

[stiqk]

[stArjk]

стоять красть, воровать колоть, вты­ кать, приклеи­ ваться) и т. п. жалить вонять

['stiqkq]

[staerjk]/ [stArjk]

strew

strewed

[stru:]

[stru:d]

strewn/ strewed

strewing ['stru:ig]

разбрасывать; устилать

[stru:n]/ [stru:d]

stride

strode

stridden

striding

[staid]

[straud]

[stridsn]

[' straidig]

strike

struck

struck

striking

[staik]

[stAk]

[stAk]

['staikirj]

string

strung

strung

stringing

[strirj]

[strAq]

[strAq]

['striqirj]

strive

strove

striven

striving

[straiv]

[strauv]

[strivsn]

['straivir)]

swear

swore

sworn

swearing

[swea]

[sw o:]

[sworn]

['sw eaiq]

шагать боль­ ш и м и шагами, перешагивать ударять(ся) натягивать; нанизывать стараться; бороться клясться

Д

283

Приложение

Продолж ение

1

2

sweep

swept

swept

sweeping

[swi:p]

[swept]

[swept]

['swi:pir)]

swell

swelled

swollen

swelling

[swel]

[sweld]

fswolon]

['swelir)]

swim

swam

swum

swimming

[swim]

[swaem]

[swAm]

['swimiq]

swing

swung

swung

swinging

[swig]

[S W AI]]

[s w A q ]

['swig»)]

taken

taking

take [teik] took [tuk]

3

4

[teikn]

[teikiq]

teach ]

taught

taught

teaching

[ti:tj

[to:t]

[to:t]

rti:tfir)]

tear [tea]

tore [to:]

torn [tom]

tearing

5

мести; мчаться вздуваться плавать качать(ся), размахивать брать учить рвать

['teorirj] tell [tel]

told [tould] told [tould]

telling

['telirj] think

thought

thought

thinking

[Oak]

[0o:t]

[0o:t]

[Gigkirj]

thrive

throve

thriven

thriving

[Graiv]

[Brouv]

[Grivon]

['Graivirj]

throw

рассказывать, сказать думать процветать бросать

threw

thrown

throwing

[Grou]

[9ru:]

[Groun]

['Greuirj]

thrust

thrust

thrust

thrusting

[0TASt]

[GrASt]

[GrASt]

['GrAStir)]

tread

trod

trodden

treading

[tred]

[trod]

[trodn]

['tredirj]

unbend

unbent

unbent

unbending разгиба­

[An bend]

[An bent]

[An bent]

[An bendiq]

П р и м еч а н и е. Так же, как

bend «сги б а т ъ (с я ) »

совать, толкать ступать

ться) и другие гл а го­

лы с приставкой и п - изменяются, как соответствующие гл а ­ голы без приставки.

Приложение I

284

Продолж ение

1

2

3

under­ stand

under­ stood

under­ stood

[Anda -

[Anda'stud]

[Anda'stud]

stasnd]

4 under­ standing

5 понимать

[Anda'-

staendiq]

undertake undertook undertaken under­ [Ands'teik] [Anda'tuk] [Anda'teikn] taking

предпри­ нимать

[Anda'teikirj]

upset

upset

upset

upsetting

[Ap' set]

[Ap'set]

[Ap'set]

[Ap'setlfj]

wake

woke

woken

waking

[weik]

[wauk]

[waukan]

[weikiq]

wear [wea] wore [wa:]

worn [wa:n] wearing

просыпаться; будить носить(ся) (об

[weariq]

одежде и т. п.)

ткать

weave

wove

woven

weaving

[wi:v]

[wauv]

[wauvan]

[wi:viq]

weep

wept [wept] wept [wept] weeping

плакать

[wi:pirj]

[wi:p]

win [win]

опрокиды­ ваться), расстраивать

won [WAn]

won [wAn]

winning

[winig] wind

wound

wound

winding

[waind]

[waund]

[waund]

[waindiq]

withdraw withdrew [wid'dro:]

[wid'dru:]

withdrawn with­ [wid'dratn] drawing

withhold

withheld

withheld

[wid'hauld] [wid'held]

[wid'held]

выигрывать, добиваться крутить(ся), обвивать(ся) брать назад; удаляться

[wid'dra:ir)]

with­ holding

не давать, удерживать

[wid'hauldii]]

withstand withstood

withstood

withstand

[wid'stand] [wid'stud]

[wid'stud]

[wi6' staendiq]

противиться

I Приложение

285 Окончание

1 \угіпд [гід]

2

3

ш г и і ^ [ГЛІ]] \ у ги п £ [гл д ]

4 w ringing [ГІГ)ІГ)]

«тіїе [гаИ] wrote [гзіії] \vritten [піп]

«ггШпд [гаШд]

*

5 скручивать, жать писать

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

А л д е р Гарри.

Техника развития интеллекта. СПб: П и­

тер, 2001. B r a n s f o r d J . D . Human cognition: Learning, under­ standing and remembering.— Belmont, California, 1979. C la rk H . H . a n d Clark E .V .

Psychology and language.—

N .Y ., 1977. Д ж о у н з Д а н и э л ь . Словарь английского произноше­ ния.— М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1964. H i g b e e K . L . Your memory: How it works and how to improve it .— Englewood C liffs, N .J., 1977. К а р н е г и Д е й л . Как завоевать друзей и оказывать вли­ яние на людей: — Екатеринбург: Л И Т У Р , 2001. Lu ria A .R .

The mind of a mnemonist.— Basic Books, N. Y.,

1968.

.

Микалко Майкл.

2001

Тренинг интеллекта.— СПб: Питер,

New W ebster’ s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language.— U.S.A. Lexicon Publications, Inc., Danbury, 1963. The psychology of human memory.— Academic Press, N .Y ., 1981. W in g f ie ld A . a n d B y r n e s D .L .

Упрощенная методика сохранения здоровья пальцевыми упраж нениями.— М.: Анфас, 1991. Ц у ц у м и Йосиро.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Предисловие................................................................... 3 Appearance — Внеш ность............................................ 15 Family — Семья.............................................................24 Health Service — Здравоохранение ............................ 31 Profession — Профессия.............................................. 45 House — Дом ................................................................ 53 Food — Е д а .................................................................... 63 Education — Образование............................................72 Natural phenomena — Природные явления ...............90 Technics — Техника................................................... 112 Politics — П о ли ти к а..................................................130 Travelling — Путешествия........................................ 154 A rt — Искусство ........................................................ 168 Shopping — Покупки ................ ................................ 183 Clothing — О деж да.................................................... 192 Sports — Спорт............................................................199 Holidays — Праздники.............................................. 210 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ............. 215 Словообразование....................................................... 242 П р и л о ж е н и е . Список важнейших слов, изменяющихся не по общим правилам .................... 266 Литература..................................................................286

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