Археологическое путешествие по Сирии и Палестине

APXEOJIOIMECKOE IiyTEIIIECTBIE no CM PI M KOHAAKOBA H. n. C"b 78 PHCYHKAMH Bt TEKCTU H 72 OT^jIbHUMH TAEJIH...

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APXEOJIOIMECKOE

IiyTEIIIECTBIE

no

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C"b

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coiicKaro ucKpono.ia.

Kpecxooopasjiaa uaaHJHioi, saunr.iaH cpe,pny xo.iMHKa, HMiua oAHii b BxoA b c b sanaAHofi cxopotibi H BC t nexbipe pyKasa Kpecxa jiaiibi o,pim.KOBo. TaKHMi. ne noxpeOoBaBiuiH A^fl ceoa o6pa30Mi>, ajixapb, Koro saKpyr.ienia,

BT>

BH^ fe

JIH

BHyxpenuefi HHIIIH H.IH Bbicxyuaiomefi aocHAbi, HH

npHEOAHflXOH cojien HJiH aMBona, H 6bi iiHSKOH)

nperpaAOK)),

6bi.i-b

6yAyMH Aaate oxAîen-b oobiinoio (xoxa ycxpoeH b (C.IOBIIO uo lie

APXEO.IOrmF.CKOE nyXElIIECXBlE no CHP1H H nAJIECTHHt,.

1

nacKopo n â;KC ncopeamo, 5e.n, najJiOKainflxi, npouf.poBi,) up/wo noMi, pyKanf,: noKi, ci,

naro

Apeunocxn

KaMcniii)i!\n>

ivif.cxa

.n-in

OMJIO iiaiUeno, naxo,T,oKi>

&l.Ti>

OT

DXHXT,

1>

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).

in,

H

nacxon-

JICUO BH^-

ace Hacieii aroro ycxpOHCTBa H.IH BOBCG ne

ciTiiocTf>

onf>

IIonnAHMOMy, ncpcKpecii.e 6tuo noKptixo

1

CPOAH

Bh

BOCXO TI-

npe^cxaB. in.n, coooio Knnopin n.n, 4 KOJIO-

XOJIIKO B1 BHAT,

npecxo.ia, H.IH,

a.ixapr,

noKpwrieirb, noBepxi, KaMcrniaro npecxojia, a

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1H,GC

in,

BT,

3

i panjin ieiiM

(7r>i.ir

oniia

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Koioparo Mor.in ocBf.inaik Beet xpaMi), n iiepcKpi.iio noBepxi. cTpoiiH.ii> KOK) Kpi.iineio, Kant, Btpoflino, 6wjio noKpi>iTO n BCC aânie, Tant Kani) on. HJIOC-

MGHUV naxo^KaMH

CBOAOB L,

ne nauiJioch

,

yKaaanin: iioiiaBmincn na

ncribixi.

odiOMKH TeppaKOTOBhixt njinroKi) Moryri> npOHCxo,T,HTi> oîinaH crlini). HaKoneu,i>, BGCL nojiij nepKBii noKpLiTi. nonpi.iTia

nojiy 6a:w.iHKH

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OTT>

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Bbipocraiomie

KOTOpr>ixT>

pa.iBOAM. HTBITF., BCG, MTO

no nameMV, CKopte, TiacoimH, yKaawBaerh na y no BCCH nnaTiioH nnny ycTpoonnyio, B^pOHTHOCTH, ne TOJI>KO

KaKnMn-.inoo Bcero,

:w.inTi,

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ecjiH

in,

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o^na

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m>

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9Ton>

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no

,

noniuenin, cra.in na.u,iBaTh ne

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xo,i,i,

6oK>:

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npn

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mf.crh xepconcnaro neKpoiio.3n

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ra.uepcn, KOTOnpaBH.n,no wnaTaKOMH.IH

,i,ocejif,

oKone^nocTH CBOCH

KT, KOJIO^HJ-

rajuiepeii H ne otfimpyxceno KaKHXT,-.iiroo

njrhcnoii o6i,i i ini,ixi,

KaiaKOMOfi, K npaBH.ihiio pacno.io}Kenni,ixi, MOFHJII,, XOTJI BCC 910 Mi;cio Morn.ni,-

noe H iioiOMy nin.

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r

poBi,, CKO.ILKO

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M fccxoMi,

ino,

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1) /1,0-IJKHO

M vi,.

iiorpeoenie,

61,1

onarjaxhCH Kanoe-Jinoo

noACKani.iBaexcH

xpaM i.

noMHraiiiji ocxaiiKOBi, yicuHKOBi, in,

Pjuwf; vKpr.iBaexi,

in,

Konc

in,

M

nepnoBhio MOF.IO

xaKiKe

ana.iorieio

AIIOCXOJOBT,, Koxopi.m CXOJBKO JKe faun, ychina.ii,nnn,eio nMiiepaxo-

xpaMa CBB.

ua.iMinucH)

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i ncxopn iecKoe

(;cBflin,ennoe,

nani,.

o TOMT,, HTO

MWCJII,

TaKHte BCTpiiieiiM npn ])acKoiiKaxi, iiorpetfe-

cainofi ra.iJiepe fc

BI>

ne

nnaeivn,,

II.iaun,ain,

naxo^Hxca

TOKT.

Kain>

JIH

CMJIT. iioKpu-n.

nOflCHfiHifl ieni,

KaKi, xpann,

CBHinennan MorHJia noî, yc,M-

nnKauoii Kpnnxi.i in, nen ne 6i,uo, a

M tcTiiocTH uepnuH nnuor/;a ne

SaM^THTb, p1|,H

Xpucxa,

Kpnuii; ocxannn Anocxojia H pnMcnnxi,

61,1.10 cji,f,Jiano.

3TOFO OOCTOflTejfhrTBa H ApyniXl,, HH>K6 i. Mycopa u SCMJIH, Korxa OHMT, pac-

HC I-JJ-OOKHM-B CJOCM

KonaHt, a no ooiucMy upaBHJiy, Apenirbiiiuie xpaMbi Xepconeca ôcTanjfun Maxepiaji., KOJIOHHU, npecxoîj n yreapi, &in noa^HtfirnHx-b ero coopyHteniii.

i;aMHir,

14

IT.

KpecTOBafl

Hxairb, 6a3IU[HK7>

IIpOHCXOAHTb

nijKOTOpbix b

opivia

BCtlWb FfepOHTlflMI), OT b IIO^CMHblX b

110 ,

ceMHTH iecKaro BocxoKa,

KOUAAKOB b.

II.

i

,pfl

oopaauonfb noBepx-b

,

nocjiy;KnBiiinxT>

opMajiLm>iivrb,

no H caKpajib-

CTPOHBIIIHXCH ysKO na iiOBCpxnocrH H,

aâiim,

r

uo,a,3eiviiibix b

ate

noAo6iibixi>

ue TOJILKO

KOTopbix b MOFJIH eciecTBeimo

coopysemi

6i>m>

HJIH

cjiy>KHTL

IIOCTpOHKH. Crojib ate yâ^no ôKasano Hbixi. tfurypTb HHRT.,

y

CTpLiroBCKaro POACTBO ;i,eKopaTHB-

npoKaui,HX

Mirfenie

CT>

HKOHbi) H cTWimnx b

paBeuiicKHMH H PHMCKHMH naoopa-

H3o6pa>Kenie

Xpncxa

BI,

Kpyry; OTCKWI no^-

o BOCTOHHOM L iipoHCxoiKêniH o6pa3a aurejiOB b,

THBiiocxb BbicKaaannoMy coo6pajKeuiio

T

B

IjMT>

(IIlTyji>*ayTa)

r l>

,

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o ero BoaiiHKHOBeiiiH

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no npeACiaBjieno paasnTie iiosflne-airniHiiaro raua opHasieHTajtHOH i,

wb KoxopOMy

r

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Meiiise

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r

r

ce6 fe H r

i>

9KCKypci.i o pfeannOMi, B b AepeB fc BepxHe-erniieTCKOM L ropejibe^noM-b H3o6paJKeiiin

r

H3rnaniH BapBapoBi) ns b KPÛOCTH B Bpbi, o r

ajjeropHHecKaro

njiacTnnK B cjionoBoii KOCTH nocjilvi,iie!vrL

i

r

cjiy ia fe

CT>

ocTaercfl

H3o5pa>KenieM

ii

H

in

HrypHbifl

TKaiin,

L neperieceniH MOIUGH

IKWB BoupocoMi camoe npiyponenie

iipe;;cTaBjifleTCH

Ho, KOHGHIIO, OAHHMi) BocxoKa Ha^ b PHMOMT>

r

r

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r

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wb Cnpin H AieKcan;i,piH

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7

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VI

IX

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T!H H cocxaBUJio Baatri Muiift OTj^Lwb eBponeficKOH ToproBJin: u,epKOBnLm

nejenbi iiOAB tcni,m H noKpOBbi ajiiapiibie, aHa.iOHiibie H npecioibiibie, nifl BCHKaro poâ. OrpwroBCKiii yKasbiBaerb iia KaiinrajibHoe 3naHenie naxoAOKT>

ErniiTa

1

ônoiHemH naiunxt CB tA feniH no OTOH r

)

BT>

r

Ba/KirtHiiien B ETBH

ncnyccTBa, no nanpacno CHHTaexi, 3in naxo^KH eAHHCTBeniiLiM

naxoAKH KaBKa3CKHX t neKponojien Hbm B flfmojimvyrb npoH3BeA6HiflMH Cnpin n Bn3aiiTin. KOHCHHO, saTBATB, HH na BocTOKt HH r

uiHTbn:

3TOTT>

na Sanaa s nunero ne ocxajiocb

OTT>

6biBinaro irtKorâ 6oraiCTBa ero u,epKBefl

1) IIo noBo^y HCTOJiKOBaHin npo-r. CTpuroBCKHirb CH^KCTOB-B na ii3AaHHi>ixi> HM-B CKHX-B nycKaxt CKaJKeMi, KpaTKO, MTO B-B nepsoM-b Kycnt BII^HM-B /I,aHinja, iiHKaKt we anreJia, a BO BTOpbixt OTKaawBacMcn BH,n,tTt IIeTpa êp/naiuaroncaJiTbipi,)) nocjif^nee, nonameMy MHi> pasyMiiHifl n OIUHOOMHO npo i iTCHHOH nn^nncH (UWTI> MOHiCTt,

ct

ra,n,aMn, jiBHBiuificn

emy

BI,

APXEOJIOniMECKOE nvTEHlECTBlE HO CHPIH H

15

IIA.1ECTHQ1;.

TKaiwMH ApeBiie-xpncTiancKaro nepuwi, no H yii.luf.miiin, nnaHHTCJIblWM b KOJIH IK) pH. WHUa.M b eilHCKOIH KHX b FOpO-I.OB TKailH 1103,1,b, nf.Hinaro nepioAa - - IX XII cmiimH aaHaciyio Koiinpyiorb 9TH ApCBuie BI>

l

ieCTBf>,

oopa3u,bi.

Ho,

npiKHiaBaji

ncTopHHCCKyio Ba/KnocTb aioro

BCK>

HG MOJKeMTj COrJKlCHTbCH

CT>

y

i

r

ICIIbIM b

aBTOpOM b

BT>

OU,f,IIKf>

HCTopin rpcKo-BocroMiiaro xpHcriaHCKaro ncKycciBa, ECJIH r

BT>

i uo.ie.MHKH, ôcTaTOHHO o^noro 3aM t ianiji

iiLi.iy

H^HBOIIHCB,

âwe nosAHttmaro

KOBpoBhie pncyiiKH H i

.iaMt iaiiin

pyKOBcwimyio

;KHTCH Bt nen na

HCTOpH

i

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pa3 t

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lie

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r

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BTOpnMHWM fc, SaHMCTBOBailHLIMT.,

cpaay DOAOOHVIO rnnoieay.

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r

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XIV

HHMH H Ernuia 910

fl,Jlil

6e3 b dojiLiunxi) orpanHMeiiin. Hpeaiê Bcero,

Bpem,

xep-L Miiornx b MoaanK-L xaK/Ke iiepufiiH

i

H{HBOIIHCH H opHasieimiKH B t

xapaKTepi>

CTaB.lH6TCH CJIHllIKOMt iaCTO

BT>

CT>

JIH

.lliaMCllifl

MM

r

flo.iroe

l

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npoi>.

TKaneji,

Kpayca, MTO cpeAHCB tKouaJi

TKaim,

iHrypin>iH

pojir>

HXTi

epeAicnn, AO XIII H

xpncTiancnaro ncnyccTBa, TO upnAt

Birrifl

oiwfcjia

TKaHflX b,

H.1H

AH.I.lCTaHTCKH

pucynKOM t, -

IiaHBHhlM h,

r

A ETCKHMTj

B L /K6HCKHXT. BhIUIHBailiHX L

KaK1>

ua OrpbiTOBCKHMt oopa3ULi HKonorpaH4ecKHX fj ct ApeBnc-xpncTiancKHMi> HCKVCTKanax-L, 110 TnnaM L saHacTyio ne BHHCJTCH cu,enT>

npo.

CTBOMT>,

HH pHMCKHM t,

1IH

HOH, rpeKO-erniieTCKOH HHx-b TKaiien,

BHaaillinCKHMT) H OTHOCHTCH,

HCKycciBa. HanporHBt xoro,

B!>TBH

coxpauciiiii>ic

pyc.iy, H.IH

TaKi>

oupa3iibic Boiipocbi roBopnMi>

ii])n.M

parMciiTii

ApeB-

na 3aiiaA^, HMtiort BaHiiioe o6ni,eHCTOpH iecKoe

HH/KG),

i

KT>

ocuoBHOMy rpeKO-Bocxo inoMy

na:jriBaeMOMy BH3ainiHCKOMy ncnyccTBy. TaKOBbie

(OOT>

wocxaTKax-L KoncTaiiTHiioBOH 6a3H.inKH BocKpeceniflit

noAnnMacMbic

hpno BLidpanni.ixT,

H3i>

npoi>.

anoxn

IV

CBOK) o iiepeAb, OOJILIIIHIICTBO

Bi>

Kt MHCTO M fcCT-

i

3na iienie no CBoeMy oTiioineuiio

noMy

CKOpf>e,

OrpbiroBCKHMT. no

IIOBOJJ-

VIII cToxfeiiH no P. X. r

.iana/i,nr.ix

r

b o6in,Hx b TpaKTaioBT, o

xpncTiancKOM b HCKVCCTB!; aaiurro IIO.ICMHKOK) c b (A tftcTBHreibBbiMB H npe,i,nocxojib jiaraeMbiMn) .laiunriinKaMH rpeKO-BOCioqnaro ero npoHCxovKAenia: naâMa r

ate JierKaa,

CKOJIF.KO

H ujiaroAapnafl!

B^

caMOiwb jckxk 3ana vi,nbiMi, yMeni.iMi,

onpOBCpraib .inaqcnie H pojib rpCHCCKaro BocioKa BT, xfark odpaaoBaniu CTHJIH H cjioiKcnia I opiw b H coxepxamH ipeBHe-xpiciiaHCiaro HcnyccTBa, yKa3i,iBafl na npannioio Cf^nocTb, aanacTj-io oicyTCTBie CTOJII.KO /KG Jierno

CKO.II.KO

BocioKa, ,

npn

jpyAHo,

:JTOH

wn

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coBpeMennoft ero 6fvT,nocTH.

7

MeÂJ

T^MT., c-b

orpiqameirb

16

n. n. KOHÂKOBT>.

BocioKa, samara sanajniOH nayKn Kpafine ynpoiijaioxcfl, n flocxnraioxcfl na

POM

nanCojrte 6jiaro;],apnbm ycjiOBifl cneniajbiiaro orpaiuwenin n ncnocxn.

Bpeiwfl

Ho

9xa HCKyccxuennafl cncxeivia, npnxjirnBaiomafl

BCJI

MHOHxCCXBa HCTOpHêCKHXT) D.enTpOB L pi/i

na,a,o

H,

y>KG

,

r

BT>

nary^no na

Morjia 6bi noBJiiflTL

.ayitfaxb,

HH

O^HOMJ nynnxy 5KH3Hb KOMT, H6 B036yJK,/I,aeX b KT>

caMbifi

XOAT>

91010 TopHcecTByioui,eio nona xpncTiancKOH apxeojiorin, 6bi, napfl^y MOJiMajinBO ne corjiaiiieHin ycTanoBHJiocB npnsnaTb sa HOBBIM-L ^,BHCHCT6MOK), GCJIH

CT>

HtenieM Lj yKa^LiBaiomnMt na pojib BocioKa, naynnon

H 6y^yui,aro. ITona nanpaBjienieM-b HSCJi BAOBaniH ernnexcKaro H KomcKaro HCKyc-

r

p BiuHTe.)iBHbiMi, ciBa

iipeo6.ia,a,aK)iii,afl

GMy BO

CTOHTTj BblCTyUHTb IIoiibiiKH

pojib ocxaeicfl sa ErnniOMij,

Kanx Bcerâ, npe^-

Cnpin

CJI BAt.

ynaaaib cnpiiicKie xyAOêcTBennbie 9JieMenTbi

iHu,eBbix b pyKOiinceil, r

xaiaM-b

CH.ILI

npaBâ, ne npHBejiH iiOKa

KT>

BT,

nKonorpain

no.uoHtnTe.ibHbiMT, pesyjib-

6bixb MOHieix, no TOH upocion iipH iinu B, HTO Cnpin nnKorâ ne HM^jia t

,

1 xapaKiepnaro caMOCTOJixejibHaro HCKyccxBa ): ona 6biJia, CKOpi>e, MaccoBaro BOcnpoHSBeAenia xyAOJKecxBenno - npOMbim.ieniibix b ns^Jiin AJifl Ernnxa (no npeHMynjecTBy) H nepeAneii Aain. HecoMuinno, Kone T rao, ^xo upn

a6pHKOio

HCKyccxB t ycBoenifl rpeêcKaro CXHJIH n nyjKAbix b xnnoB b r

i

iepxbi

npojiBjiHXbcn xoxa 6bi

oûaKo,

A(M/Knbi,

iiaa

BT>

o6pa3n,OBT>,

HUbixi>

Bapianxaxt

paooxa rocjifiAOBaum B03MOH-cna

Maxepiajnb

AM

cpaBiieriia

no9xoiviy,

H

cxanexi>

5yAexT>

Bnomt

CBUH yAaraw

BCT,

iipniiiixofl

XOJIBKO xorâ,

ôcxynen-b

piac.rBAOBanifl

?

CT>

;KHBonncnaro ocxaioxcH uoiia Bi.ipaooxKH BH3anxiHCKaro CXHJIH. Ki)

ajieKcaiiApiHCKaro

Koryi,a

ajeKcan-

o6jiacxn

npoi>.

f(. 13.

pykonnceii, pe.ir,e-

pejibea

wb IV

V

pejibea),

06% yâcxin Cnpin

coo6pa>Kenia

AHiiajiOB b

cnpiHCKnx b xyAO/KecxBeunbix b

HHCJiy

MrypHwn

1)

no gxa

xoinbix-b

BT>

ocnoB b BHaanxincKaro HCKyccxsa, na mnafl xapaKxepncxHHecKHX b nepx-b ApeBne-xpncxiancKaro

nau,iona.ib-

i

))

POBT>

HXO

i>opMbi,

BT>

),

ncKa/Kenin

BT>

r

ycBoenubix b

2

npeji,nojiaraexi>,

gjieiyieuxoB-b

MOKHO

nanp.,

oxnecxn:

KaimxejiH BT, BH^B ABYX^ jjHU-b, AByx b nxnqeK^, iiapbi pbio^ r

H up. 2) BHA^ Konyca, H3rn6aioii;HKHBOpin, ci) Bepxoiwb MHCH 6oKaivin, naBepxy Koxoparo pacxyxT> iqjfciw n sejienb, ryjunox b noBi>iH

,

asaiipi.,

iixHii,bi,

pyKoiiHceii)).

xo mo xanate,

Ho

KaKi>

iibeêcxajili,

cxofljrb

na

1) ,H-

Koxopbift

Mbi

i

na

BT>

poAi>

jie

Kaacexcfl

H npeAuo-ioHienie,

ÔMKQET,

rojiroo-fe,

e,\iy

MOJKCM-b cînxaxb

iipe,T,cxaBjiflXb

ne nojiy

i

nrjio

KpecxT>,

XOXT>

coo^paHteniH nocxaBJiennbiir na C tep t

JIJIH

caMbiii peajibnbin Kpecxx,. Koxopbift

nona HHKaKoro ÔKyMenxajibnaro

B. AiiHajOBa. 9jiaitHHCTiinecKifl

2) Ibid., ctp. 54.

ctcnenjaifcHOK) Hepxoio 9xnxi>

i

rro

cx>

ocHouw BHsaHTiiicKaro HCKjccrBa. 1900,

crp.

4763.

APXEOJIOrmECKOE nVXEHIECXBIE HO CHPIH H nAJIECTHHt.

1

7

ma.

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54

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TO,

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19

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n npn.TOJKCinian II xao.inna): i

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BncniH. 06m. dp. pyccn. UCK. 1875, nun. 6 10, crp. 59 Storia, vol. V, tav. 434 435; 5) na reMMaxt, ibid., tav. 479, 480; BI>

113^.

F.

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^HJIIIMOHO-

Ha

asiny.ijax b: Garrucci t xan-b 6) iiKOHomicHbm nepCBOA 60; 4)

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nocpeA"

SCMJIH BT. cnacenie nipa

(ed.

t.

87, pag. 3314). 2) Osterr. Archilologiscbes Institut.

den Funden in

Qstcrreich-Unyarn.

I

Theil,

Alois Riegl. Die spatromische Kunst-Induslric nach

Wien, 1901,

fol.

APXEO.lOni lECKOE IiyTEWECTBIE

uBiopt cine

ifl,

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i iyH

Icpyca.niM-fc.

42

H. D.

KOHAAKOBXj.

Tiara TojiKOBan JTnn.eBaJi HcajiTHpt (CM. Ilcajimupb Xaydoffa,

ncajMy LXXIII, 12: Pacnaxie ct Fojiroeoio,

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tuis

BT>

1)

Usener, H. Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen,

I,

13,

1889, p.

285288.

43

APXEO.lOrHHECKOE IiyTEIIIECTBIE DO CHPIH H nAJIECTHHii.

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H

BT>

xpnciiancKOH apxeo.iorin Moryrt 6tiTL HpesBLPiaiino IUOÔTBOPHLIMH n cocjiy;KHTb Ba^Knyio po.it

npnoaBHMt

HCTOpHêcKOMt anajiHS B xpHCTiancKHxi) ApeBnocieH.

camoe npe^ciaBjenie Xpncia,

T

ITO

,

BT,

CHâiii,aro

no^t KpeciOMt

na ipont cpe^H AnociOJOBT, flaerL noiOMy oOpaat Iepyca.iHMa neuecnaro, Kant yraâjn. eiu,e AO Poccn 3 ), qio BocnpOH3BO^HTT> lepycajiUMCKoe conpccmoJiie, ycipoennoe CnrurB, nepedv KpecmoMo (CM. TeKCTr>i HajiOMnmecKon BT>

Kiinrn Cn.iLBin) H .inaMenoBaBinee oCpaaii

Bioparo ITpHmccTBia XpnciOBa

ci>

ErO ayrOTOBaHELIMt IIpeCTOJOMT). OcnoBHafl ntcKo.ibKO

BCGH êKopanin paBenncnaro 6aiiTHCTepia, iiOBiopennafl ecib wyroTOBannLiii npecTO-iTj)), H.IH nsoopaHienie, H3BtcTHoe

Teivia

pa3i>,

newt HMeneMT.

Totu.aa(a TOJJ dpovou aou. HscjiÔBaiejiH 9Toii 3aM E iiaTe.ir>noH r

/]

9MOje:\ibi HTajtHHCKifi apxeo.iort TH.IH.

T

ITO 3TO HaHMeiiOBanie

ILmia Kt

EecHnaMi,

KaBeÔHH,

HCKyccTBeimo

no.ii,

/^lopam. n AC POCCH

c.ioatHJioci>

VI, 15, npHr.TainaK)iii,aro

KT>

H3T>

4 )

sa.Mt-

Tencia noc.iania An.

roioBHOCTH O.iaroB-BCTBO-

Mnpa n ncaiMOB L IX, 8 n BOcn-EBawrL rocnoâ, yroxoBaBiiiaro na cy^t npeLXXXVIII, 14, KoiopLie CBOH. IlepBHH no BpeMenn, KaBe,i,OHH (em,e ne snaBuiin cjiyqaeBt nso-

BaiB

MHpi>

n.in

upnroTOBjieniK) esanrejiifl

KT>

reinMacin

ci>

na,i,nnci>io

:

iToiâo-ta ToD dpovou, KairL 3najn

Hojb

H ,T,G POCCH) ocianoBH.icji na iipe,T,nojro;Kenin, xrro 9MOJ6Ma OTIIOCHTCH i peajiLHOMy nepKOBnoMy o6bnaio, no cjiy iaio TopHiecTBennr,ixi> BcejiencKHx-L L coôpOBi., nojaraTb Knnry Esanrejiin na BejiHKOjrEiinoM ipon-E (cp. H3o6paaie-

KT>

nia na

5 M03anKaxi>

1) Ibid., cxp.

),

Torâ KaKt npoîe H3C.ifaoBaiejiH no.iara.in

B03MOHiHLiMi>,

6162.

V

B^KODX, cxp. 44 2) AuHajiOB-b, 3. B. MosaiiKH IV H 3) Musaici cristiani delle chicse di Eoma fasc. XIV.

4960.

53.

Bulletino d. arclieologia cristiana.

Garrucci, Muxaiti, tav. 208. di tre antiche staiiroteclie nella cattedrale di Modena e nelV Dichiarazione 4) Cavedoni, abbazidle di Nonantola. Modona. 1847. Paul Durand, titude sur Vetimacia symlok du jugement 159. dernier. 1867. De Rossi, J. B. Bulletin d arch. chretienne. 1872, p. 141 1867, V, fasc. 4, p.

5)

Garrucci, Musaici, tav. 241.

44

H. H.

KOHÂKOBt.

rocuoACXBOBaBiueMy npn HHX-L

cor.iaciio

B3r.ia;iy

na

CHMBO.iH3MT>

cxiancKaro HCKyccxsa, ofoacnaxb iiponcxo/KAenie axoro CKWKexa C.IOJKHOK) CHM-

Hên Cxpaiunaro Cyâ H Boa^BHJKeiiieMt na xpon-fe Cy^m Kpecxa (nHorja vB-tniannaro), Konifl n xpocxn ct ry6oio, xaKHte EBanre.iia pyKODHCH Hortus deliciarum, crop^Buiefi liber na;i,iiHCbio: CxpaccoyprE, justiBO.in3aii,ieK)

(BT>

BT>

CT>

C.iiri,yK)iii,iH H.ic.TBAOBaTe.iB HO.IB

cie).

^wpant

MTO npecio.i L

3aMtTH.ii>,

CxpacieH rocno^HHX L H3o6pa/Kaexcfl na rpeiecKHxt H.IH npoc.iaB.ieHie

Kpecia o6i>

ci>

aBctxt

HKOHaxT>

Kpecia.

OTHOuieuiflxt rpeKO-BociOHHaro HCKycciBa m,

V

IV

CTO.T.

pHMCKO-3aiiaAH03iy MO/KHO H nyxeMT. cpaBnenia o^HOpo^nbixT, naMnxnaKOB-L, i,

nanp., MOSCIUHHUU

cxamjbi B L

PHM B P

l

MOM mz Tupa

xa H Apyraa Mosanna

H MOsanKH

BT>

CBo^t

ii,epKBH CB. KOII-

HCKJionHxeabHO êKopaxHBHbifi, ): c.iyH{e6nbiH xapaKiept, no BI nepfion nsc.i BAOBaxe.iH H 3a HHMH cocxaBHxe.iH

HbiH^ pyKOBO^cxBt

MHoroHHC.ieHHbixTb

cor.iacno BHj.ax b BejHKO.TEimbiH

no ncxopin xpncxiancKaro HCKyccxsa

H xyôaeecxBeiiHbiH uai\mxHHK b r

rpenecKin anxnKi,

opMbi,

HOCHXT>

ero

BT>

o6m,ie iipnsnaKH anxHinaro HCKyccxBa;

HOCXH ênbi H

H

jyquiifl iuac-

,

BO ExopOMT) paci;Bf>x B, xa.MT>

HjHBbm no

CBoefi

e^sa peajb-

HCHBOXHbixt, nxnu-b, iipeBocxo^Haro pncyHKa, HSHU^QO CM E.ibix L paKKypcaxt EpeACxaB.ieHHbm a 3^tcb H.IH CKyqnyio, 6e3KO-

B-b

nrypbi

,

cxemy

pa3CbinanHbBiH no BasaMH, poraMH

,

H3o6njiifl

MosanqecKm yKpainenifl KoHenno,

i,a.TEe,

r

KOMno3Hu,iH, H.IH peMecaenHO-BapBapCKia

HeMHorHxi>

H

n.iao>OHy

Bf>xKaMH,

CH^HIIJ,HMH

na

HHXT>

xaaiejOMt êsnopaAKi

x. n. BT,

no.iOBt.

MHoria pnMCKia MOsanKH

iipe^.cxaB.iaiox b

xo.ibKO

H rpenecKHxt opnrHHa.iOB L (KaKL xo HM BJIO VIII cxo.i.), Hanp. Mosanna nyêHiuaHbi, cxo.ib pfeno oxt coBpeMennbixT) PHMCKHXT> H ne âpOMT> BbicxaBjennaa y i

(Bf>poflxno,

vBe.in iennbia) iH,

POCCH

H

Bi,

MT>CXO

VI

ftcoBepmeHH EHuiee npOHSBeêHie ^peBH-Enmaro xpncxiaHCKaro Ticnbia HCKyccxBa. ^,OKa3axe.ibcxBa axoro oaura, KoneMHO, ne Moryrb 6bixb KaKi>

noKa ôdbixbi, no Aocxaxonno

xixi, KXO xovemz CAyiwmb) yace H xoro ynasannaro oOcxoaxejibcxBa, ixo 3AaniH, OKpyaeaiouj,ia na axoii Mosanni Xpncxa CT>

(yj.ia

Anocxo.iaMH, cyxb sânia Iepyca.iHMCKaro xpaMa BocKpecenia.

ocooenno acnbiMi.

r

sanMCXBOBania rpeieMosanKH L c.iyHtaxT> paBenncKHX uepKBefi. FpeKO-BOCxoHHbiM b o6pa3n,OMT,, IIOBH^HMOMy, B L BH^t MHElaXJEOpTj H.IH Me.lKHXTj KapXOHOBl> BOCHO.lbHaKoneu,T>,

CKHx-b

f

CBH^, Exe.ibcxBOM b

o6pa3^Bi>

?

30Ba.iHCb xaKace ncno.iHHxe.iH Moaamj-b

n,.

S.

Maria Maggiore 2), o noxopbixi,

ocoo*oe HscatÔBanie

1)

Garrucci, tav. 205

2)

Garrucci, Musaici, tav.

206.

211214.

B-L

BH i r

HXT>

Kannxa.ib-

APXEOJIOrERECKOE IiyTEIIIECXBIE

HOH

Ha

Ba>KnocTH.

naun>

CHPIH H ILUECTHHt.

110

45

6o.ii>iimiicxBO

B3r.nuT>

,

naro uponcxoHvienm, no Meaijy IIHMH ecxb H pnMCKaro coiiraenm n xapaKxepa. TOHHO TaKHie MH He cwraeM b Bet pasenncKin M03anKn rpenecnaro cocxasa, Toro, JKe.ia.m 6bi, HTOobi

Koiopoc

iii ,

H

oni>

nnxt

6*bi.io

KaKi) TOJbKO Tor;i,a cia-

xaKT>

cojep/Kaxi>.

TO GoMwiiHcmeo

Bi>i,rjLieno

Bee TO cneu,ia.ibno-rpe iiecKoe H.IH BOCTO inoe,

xapaKTcpHbiMi>

O 6i.no npnneceno

BTB

Pasenny. na SJHSOCTL paBenncnnxi) Mo.iaHK b no THiiaMT) HO naxoAHM L arv 6.iH30CTi> H B MoaaHKaxi) neano.indpiiCKHirb naMflTiinKaMTi, TancKOH n. S. Restitnta, xora, Kone imo, ociiOBnoe OO.IMIIHHCTBO THIIOBT, H INIhi

BT>

r

yace

KT>

yKa3i>iBa.m

r

i>

HXT>

H3oopa>KeiiiH

cHirraesn. PHMCKHMI* H.IH

3ana^nbiMi>.

MOsanKn CB. AKBH.inua Bi Mnjani (494 5

TaKT>,

1

CB. A.MBpocifl)

)

n

r.)

(6a.3n.inKa

Kanyfc n up.

8

CB.

),

CJOBOMT>,

An^pen

4

),

pnM-

CB. Araibi

5 ),

MLI wb aaKJioîenie CBoero

BBeênia HC MOHieM b ne no;Ke.iaTb xyAOHiecTBeHHO-HCTOpn iiecKaro cpaBHHie.ib-

naro anajina naûiTHHKOBi. n

iH

IV

VIII

THIIOBI,.

pofliomee

nn

xyAoacecTBeHHOH

CMepxi. aiiTHKa

eii;e

axi.

Fnooona

ooi>

BT>

noc.Tfe,T,OBaTe.iLnoMi>

iiosaro HCKyccTBa.

poaiAenieMT>

3TOMV npcnnTCTBYioT L

ncTopiio

ua iiepeoe Bpeaia

BT,

naynnoe H3ynenie xpncTian-

nocjfe,ayK>iii;ee HXT>

6bi,

.a.BH/Ke-

npnêii), Korâ HOHMYTTJ, HTO H BI} aion o6jacxn

opMi>i

6bi.ia

XOTH

CTo.iiixin,

rocno^CTBYiomia

coBpeMennon HCiopinecKOH yna^Ka. KpoMt 3naMennxaro

BT>

na3iiBaeMaro

xaKT>

nacTonmee Bpesm

BT>

wynajnii PmicKoii IlMiiepin,

Bpflj.i, .in

KTO JHOO

H3i>

uocBflTHTb uay mbie Tpy^bi CBoen HiH3iiH TOJbKO nepioi

p-Buia.icfl

;i;n3iin.

HcropmecKOH ec.in

ne CMepiLio,

06m,ee iioimxie yiia^Ka co.m;Ka.io ero

,/T.pflx.iocTbio

H rnienie.MT.,

ec.in lie

n Ma.io OOO^PH.IO sapoatAaBinificfl Hnxepec t nayna BT. âimoMt c.iyHat cxoajia na TOMH-fe

KT>

pOManncia, ne /Ke.iaBmaro

pOMana. nujHTHMCCKifi

BtKOM b,

3naxi>

n.Miiy.ibci,

o â.iLni.HineH Hin3iin coo6in,ennr>in

CT>

TpyiiubiMT>

9THMT>

spluii/i r

n36paimi>ix

ncTopiiMecKon naynt

h repoeBi.

ein,e

XVIII

Bcanaro sacToa, HasbisaeMOH KnTanmniibi, L H TOJbKO dKoiioMU iecKan xeopi/i, B b CBOHX CTpesueHiflX L KT nciio.n.30BaniK) 3acTaB.in.il>

TaKi>

Hy>KAaTi>ca

r

i oom,aro HCTopH iecnaro

Maxepiaaa. iipe T,B3flxi,ixi r

1) Ibid., tav.

234

2) Ibid., 237. 3) Ibid., tav.

4) Ibid., 240. 5) Ibid., 241.

238.

23G.

oxKpi>iBa.m

B3r.ifl,T,OBi,

cpejn .lacxon n oomaro

CBoeoopa3iiyK)

46

H. n.

nciopia n TOJLKO Teuepb Haiimaiorb iioniDiaTt ITO Ha xaK b HasbiBae.Maro yiia^Ka no.iea aiH3iiH BO BC-EXI, OTHOiHeniaxT>. ,

r

Hciopia

,

BT>

saivHOHenie 9ioro npeAnc.ioBifl ne HS-iHume KocnyxbCfl H coBpe.Men-

Haro nojoHxema xpncxiaHCKHX L ^peBHOCiefi, ITa.iecTHHbi H Orpin

n,

rjaBHoe,

ÔCTVHHOCTH ,pa H3C.TB^,OBaeia. ^peBHOCin BocioKa Hbmie . c b sana^nhiMn, nocjlAHHTb: Ha Saua^ HeBbiro^

cienenH

HXT>

r

9THXT>

cpaBHHBaib HHKH ApeBHOCin, sa pi^KHMH HCKJioHeniHMH, noKpbiibi, saxepiLi, 3ar.iynieHbi KT>

KHnyneio coBpeMenHOCTbio.

Bi>

c.iynaeB L

ô.ibuiHHCTBii

HJIH ôcejit

saiia^Hbie

,

naMHTHHKH

êpKBH, ^Bopubi, paiyuin, nrpaion, eu;e c.iy/Ke6flyio po.ib, HJIH HacmibKO noKpbiibi BcaKaro poâ nepepbmKH, MonyjienTbi H ôrixaHbi. KaKi>

X

ITO

;VE.iKa,MH,

e^Ba iipe^CTaB-iaiorb co6oio OAHO ^pesnee sepno, cjynaHHO

parMeHTx,

OAHO BOcnoMHHaHie o npoiu.iOMT,;

H TOMHTe.lbHO IHTVAHpOBaTb BC^ 9TH

H3C.i B T,OBaTe.iK)

OT.lOJKeHifl,

yu. fe-

r

Hyacno

r

HTOObI ,3,o6paTbCH

T,0

r

TaKoro sepna. HaiipOTHBT, TOFO, xpHCiiaHCKie naMHTHHKH BociOKa, Cnpin, r

ErniiTa, c feBepnaro nooepejEba

A*PHKH coxpaneHbi

paBno^yLuieMT) Hc.iaMa BO

Been CBoen opHrnnajbHOCTH, H nsc.i BAOBaTe.iK) CTOHTL TOJbKO HBHibca Ha M BCTO, HTOObI BH^ ETb HX-L TaJITb Ha M^CTB, Ha CB06H pO^HOH HOHB^, KaK"L 6y,T,TO uoKHHyTbBJHHacejfeuieM L, ain iiaMHTHHKH COS/UIBIHHM L. Kan-L HHKpacHBa OA r

xaKaa nepcueKTHBa /ipeBHaro Ky.ibiypnaro Bocxona, KaK^ ^peMJK)ui,aro BO ona rptsaHeceHHbLYL necnoM-b iiepBbix-b nauojOBHHy nycibmn, oasncaxij, MOHOTOHHOCTbio H AeKopaTHBHbiM b o.i.nooopasieM b. Ilycib sana^HbiH na

9THXT>

HHM"L

r.iyo/Ke

nepe^JKaMH, HO

nciopHHecKaa noiBa, H

IiaMIITHHKOB-b H30IH,paert

Bi>

BT>

HeMi) 6o.ibuje Heprt, at r

Bb

nsc.i fcAOBaTejb

caM03ii>

CBOK) HaO.IKUaTeJIbHOCTb H IIOHHMaHie CTH.I3.

BociOKa MepTBeneHi), MOHOTOHeHx, orpanHHeHi) H CKya.eH b

IlaMflTHnKi)

Bi) cBoefi

OAHOCTOpOHHOCTH.

Ho,

I

ITO

caMoe raaBnoe, 9ia nepcueKTHBa CKpbmaerjb COOOKD Kpynnbiii naMHTHHKH BocioKa, 3a HCKaioHeHieMt Ernnia, 3CKHX b T

paHU5

^PHK^B H iie.MnorHX L

nyHKTOBT>

ne ooHapyaceHbi pacKoiiKaMH. Torâ

ein,e

OKonano,

H.IH n.t.iHKOM L oopbrro,

HO HOHCT) H dOJTEe

BI,

,

BT>

3/i,

3^Cb

na

Sana^

norpyaceHbi ropoâ H 3/i,aHm BC6 CKpblTO, Ha Sana^ B BC6 paCKpblTO,

ECb

u, Libie

HXT>

KaKl>

BI,

,a,.iH

H nyTeuiecTBeHHHK b Ooate, coOoio

KaKi>

MeconoiaMiH H up. ,/tpeBHee sâme HJH

Hay^Haro Hscji-EAOBaniH. TaKOBO, OCOOCHHOCTH, HOCnpiH: lacibio oni caMH ce6a npnKpbi.iH CBOHMH ê OOJIOM-

npnroTOB.ieHO pyHH-L

36M.1K);

r

Ma.iofi Asin,

noBepxHOCTnaro

^TEM-L

r^

JHOO, n BHOJH B no neBoai

npeji,-

rjIABA

I.

naMnmwiKoet xpucmiancKato ucKyccmea ez Aounaxt u CMUpnib. Hymewtcmeie iisz Eeiipyma EaaMtfem. Caccanudcmu pcMecpz es 3>ep3ijJin. Bonpoct o epeMenu natijiwdeniji

65

u cmiuwb nocmpoent

memujpu.

JlctMacKd. Otiutfu

u suanenie

ezo deKOpamwnofi apxu.muemu O.MMiadoet u en apxuxapaKtnepz

BaaJtbtfejca

meKmypnuxz

qmraxejio oiepKt apxeojorn iiecKaro ooosptnia

IIpe4,.iarae.Mi>iH

xpncTiancKOH APGBOOCTH n HCKyccxBa

lepycajHM-fe,

BT>

SaiopâHLi H

Faypant ocnoBam. na nyieBbixi aaM^TKax-b, cjtjannbixii aBTopOM-L em,e BT, 1891 92 roAaxT>, BO BpeMH ero nyieinecTBia H3t Befipyia, ânacKX Hepe3i>

n Faypani), no 3aiop i,anLK) H r

oinpaBjennon HMII. ITyreiuecTBie, BT>

,1,0

Iepyca.in.Ma,

npaBOCjaBnLiMi> BI>

cn.iy

cocioaHi/i Mnornx-b qaciefi

,1,0

]

),

Cnpin n

xo.iepbi, orpanpFiiuocb FaypaeoM-b,

MepiBaro Mopa H lepycajHMOJTb HMym,ecTBy na BocioKi),

P

ITa.iecTHHCKHM L OomeciBOMt.

TpeBO^naro

Konu^ 1891 roâ

cocxaB B yMenofi 9KCiie T,niuH

BT>

lepnxoHa. IIonflTHO,

3aiop-

ero OKpecinocTaMii, no npe-

ci>

r

I

ITO,

ne 3anon iinB b saâ^n ia-

KHMi) /KG Harjfl T,nLiMT> H3y?eHieM*L iiaMainnKOB b Bepxnen H cpe^Hefl Cnpin, r

ne.ib3fl

o

6buo iiociponib KaKoro

xo^

6bi TO

nn

6biJio o6ni,aro

pa3BHTin xpHCiiaHCKaro HCKycciBa

BT>

TeopeiHHecKaro paacyacCnpin. T fcui b ne Mente, no

oooaptnnbix b MtcTHOCieft, H no KO.iHieciBy n nnxepecy ocMOTpinnbix b ^peBnocin, H 910 nyxemecTBie 3acjy/KHBaeTT> HMiib M^CTO BT>

1) II.

BT>

cocxaBt aKcneîinia BXO,T,IU": npo*. A. A. OaecHHUKifi, H. A. R. KHBUICHKO H II. A. OKOIOBHTO.

6. Bapui,eBCKii1, XVÔKHIIKII

II.

CsnipHOBi,,

i>OTOrp.

48

H. H. KOHflAKOBT,.

pyccKOH apxeo.ioriroecKOH jnrxepaxypt, XOTH

6i>i

BT, BHAT,

oxiexa H

BT>

rjr r

Upasâ, co BpeMenH nyxemecxBifl, npoinjio 6oji fce nam-b B-EHTJ n BOCTOFL npnnyjKAen b JKHXb CKOpf>e, H ntKOxopbie a ji b ^pyrnx^ yHenbix-b, JIJIH yxpaxmin pesyjibxaxbi iiofaAKH cxajH ynte ôcxoflnieM CBOHXT>

pesyjibxaxax-b. BT>

ftn>,

HOBOCXH. OAHaKO, coftcxBennan nayna ABH/Kexcji âjieno Me^,-

CB-t/Kefi

xapaniept

nsnH H

y

CTOpoiii

BT>

nen, a MnoroMHC.ieniiLie

on>

pa3i>-

anr.iincKHX L KapTorpaÔBi) H HciiLiTaie-ieH npn-

i

ieni)ixTj,

r

MuccionepoB L H pyccKnx b najiOMnnKOBi, ne A^JIH aa 910 noBaro (nocjiis Borioa H ^p.) nay iraaro H3CJilyi,OBaiim xpHCiiancKHXi, IlajiecTHHLi HJIH o6iii,aro o6o3ptnia, xoia n upe^ciaBirjiH PHA^

po^w,

i>paniiy3CKHXT>

nxi>

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i

r

i pa6oT b. ITpaBâ, apxeojiorn iecKaa .iHiepaiypa CBHTOH BLicineMi) ypOBnt cpaBnnTe.itno c Tiait, Kani) ona npo-

mHxi>

3eMJiH na iia.3acL

iia

r

i>

nocji^nee Bpeivm, no npenMym,ecTBy, jurrepaiypoio CM tcn, H .lK)6HTe.lLCKHXTj IIJTeBBIXT) SaMtlOK t. IIpaBâ, 9TOMV IIOlOHxeniK) XpOEHKH jiHTepaxypbi oiBfîaioT^ n oftcTOflxejbCTBa uamero noBinuiaro osnaKOMjenifl cij r

AO.iHxaeTCfl, cia.B i) Bi5

xpnciiancKHMT, BocxoKOMTi: 9TO osnaKOM.iieuie xaK/Ke OTPLIBOHIIO, H iipnny/Kêno iiona iio.ibsoBaTtcfl T-BM-L, MTO MOHJHO yBH,T,axb nbint na noBepxnocxH 36M.in. HTO MOH^HO cnflib BT>

OT;T,ii.ii>

i

4>OTorpa*H iecKHMi>

CM Iicn B

r i>

I aniiapaxoMTj H ITO MOJKHO

r

apxeojorHHecKHXT) noBpeMeniiLixTb o6o3p tuinx L.

HtcK0.3bKO KaiiHiejieH HSTJ pannnxt BpeMeirL KonciaHTHiionojifl

YIII

r

cxo.i txifi, CBa-ienbi

nMH-KiocKi,), iibixni>m

Bee 9xo 2

Banin

).

na ABOpaxi Cx. em,e

naxo;i,fixcji

KaiinxejiH ein,e BH^HLI ein,e

ne

cxa.io

MLI y3naeiw

spinosus),

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49

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UbtioMa J& 43), n nocpejn ,iBopa H3Bf,cxnaa MpaMopnan Kyne.ib oi.iBinen n. loanua H Mapna. Cpe^n KaiiHxe.ien tiojunraCTBO nepeuecennan KaiiHxe.in,

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50

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BT>

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BH T,t rpy6aro Maxepia.ia, nin MH Bnyxpennift ne M^, coxparinBininca HSi)

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2) 3)

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Athenische Mittheilungen, 1889,

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52

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H IltKOrAa pOCKOHIHO yCXp06HEbra MpaMOpa H npeBocxoAHaro xecanaro KaMHfl. Cxinbi SOJILIUHX-L 9KceApi> H 6biJiH pasoftparibi, B-fcpoaxHO, oqeiih pano, em,e BHsanxiHCKyio pa3Ba.injiHCb CXOaLUHX-b KOJIOHHl) H6H3B-feCTHarO Ha3HaH6Hifl

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sipaMOpOMX),

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CT>

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axy cpejHHy,

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6bUH

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1)

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6y-

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npaBOH cxoponbi a6cHAbi. 6buiH oxnpbixbi

u,epKBH, Koxopofi 6ojibiiiia KannxejiH, jieajaBiiiia

cifl,

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coxpannBiiiiaca na

K-B IlaBsaHiio,

CTO t A^piana))

HS^. Fepii. riiTii,iira,

I. npo.

pan fce B CxpbiroBCKiwb H ona-

6n6.iioTCK-

fjbiBiiicii

Fausaniae Gr.

descr.,

H.IH I,

6biBmaro riiMna-

1,

Kt

KH.

I,

18, 7,

216217.

2) PaacjitÔBaHie aHTiinnaro sâHin pyHHaMH u,epKBn CLIJIO nponsBeAGHO Bt 1885 r., H KpaxKiii peayjitTaxt pacKonoia., na ocHOBanin Ha6nK>p,em\i HaetcTHaro apxnTCKTOpa ,H,epntejifcâ, ony6jHKOBaHi> BT, OpaxTtxi TYJC; ev AO-^vat? apxatoXoYtxy)? eTaipta?. 1885, p. 1324, HO, no,T,"b

HeMHomxt ^.aHHuxt o uepKBii, en njiant, M03anHecKOsn> H naiiAeHHux-b Tpext Ha T,nHCflxt VIII B-BKB, s^kcb xpaKxycTCH ncK.iioHHTejiLHO o ^peBHeMT, jipaMOpKBa T,paTHOMi> 3 T,aHm, CTOaBiiieMt H-BKorâ CBo6o^,HO cpe i,n TeTparona A^pianoBa H nocjiysa ncKJHOMeHiejit BecBMa

nojif>

r

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r

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no

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ie.ia, OTHOcam,HMHca

KT>

53

661 r.) CxpOHHapaeca III KaooJiHKOca (640 sjuiHiK) VII Ffena. Hbrnt 910 sâme oiKptno

no,T,T>

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TVJ;

Zuptac

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el;

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Археологическое путешествие по Сирии и Палестине

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